[Title 42 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - October 1, 2006 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



[[Page i]]

          

          42


          Parts 400 to 413

                         Revised as of October 1, 2006


          Public Health
          



________________________

          Containing a codification of documents of general 
          applicability and future effect

          As of October 1, 2006
          With Ancillaries
                    Published by
                    Office of the Federal Register
                    National Archives and Records
                    Administration
                    A Special Edition of the Federal Register

[[Page ii]]

          U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE

          Legal Status and Use of Seals and Logos
          
          
          The seal of the National Archives and Records Administration 
              (NARA) authenticates the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) as 
              the official codification of Federal regulations established 
              under the Federal Register Act. Under the provisions of 44 
              U.S.C. 1507, the contents of the CFR, a special edition of the 
              Federal Register, shall be judicially noticed. The CFR is 
              prima facie evidence of the original documents published in 
              the Federal Register (44 U.S.C. 1510).

          It is prohibited to use NARA's official seal and the stylized Code 
              of Federal Regulations logo on any republication of this 
              material without the express, written permission of the 
              Archivist of the United States or the Archivist's designee. 
              Any person using NARA's official seals and logos in a manner 
              inconsistent with the provisions of 36 CFR part 1200 is 
              subject to the penalties specified in 18 U.S.C. 506, 701, and 
              1017.

          Use of ISBN Prefix

          This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication 
              and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of 
              the 0-16 ISBN prefix is for U.S. Government Printing Office 
              Official Editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the 
              U.S. Government Printing Office requests that any reprinted 
              edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work 
              with a new ISBN.

              
              
          U . S . G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E

          ------------------------------------------------------------------

          U.S. Superintendent of Documents  Washington, DC 
              20402-0001

          http://bookstore.gpo.gov

          Phone: toll-free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800

[[Page iii]]







As of October 1, 2006

Title 42, Parts 400 to 429

Revised as of October 1, 2005

Is Replaced by

Title 42, Parts 400 to 413

and

Parts 413 to 429



[[Page v]]





                            Table of Contents



                                                                    Page
  Explanation.................................................       v

  Title 42:
          Chapter IV--Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
          Services, Department of Health and Human Services          3
  Finding Aids:
      Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference........     757
      Table of CFR Titles and Chapters........................     759
      Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR......     777
      List of CFR Sections Affected...........................     787

[[Page vi]]





                     ----------------------------

                     Cite this Code: CFR
                     To cite the regulations in 
                       this volume use title, 
                       part and section number. 
                       Thus, 42 CFR 400.200 
                       refers to title 42, part 
                       400, section 200.

                     ----------------------------

[[Page vii]]



                               EXPLANATION

    The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and 
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive 
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided 
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal 
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the 
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into 
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
    Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year 
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:

Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1

    The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each 
volume.

LEGAL STATUS

    The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially 
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie 
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).

HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

    The Code of Federal Regulations is kept up to date by the individual 
issues of the Federal Register. These two publications must be used 
together to determine the latest version of any given rule.
    To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its 
revision date (in this case, October 1, 2006), consult the ``List of CFR 
Sections Affected (LSA),'' which is issued monthly, and the ``Cumulative 
List of Parts Affected,'' which appears in the Reader Aids section of 
the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal 
Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.

EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES

    Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal 
Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source 
citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page 
number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication 
dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be 
exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In 
instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the 
Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In 
those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register 
states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be 
inserted following the text.

OMB CONTROL NUMBERS

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires 
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information 
collection request.

[[Page viii]]

Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as 
amendments to existing regulations in the CFR. These OMB numbers are 
placed as close as possible to the applicable recordkeeping or reporting 
requirements.

OBSOLETE PROVISIONS

    Provisions that become obsolete before the revision date stated on 
the cover of each volume are not carried. Code users may find the text 
of provisions in effect on a given date in the past by using the 
appropriate numerical list of sections affected. For the period before 
January 1, 2001, consult either the List of CFR Sections Affected, 1949-
1963, 1964-1972, 1973-1985, or 1986-2000, published in 11 separate 
volumes. For the period beginning January 1, 2001, a ``List of CFR 
Sections Affected'' is published at the end of each CFR volume.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

    What is incorporation by reference? Incorporation by reference was 
established by statute and allows Federal agencies to meet the 
requirement to publish regulations in the Federal Register by referring 
to materials already published elsewhere. For an incorporation to be 
valid, the Director of the Federal Register must approve it. The legal 
effect of incorporation by reference is that the material is treated as 
if it were published in full in the Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 552(a)). 
This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force 
of law.
    What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the 
Federal Register will approve an incorporation by reference only when 
the requirements of 1 CFR part 51 are met. Some of the elements on which 
approval is based are:
    (a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of 
material published in the Federal Register.
    (b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent 
necessary to afford fairness and uniformity in the administrative 
process.
    (c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for 
publication in accordance with 1 CFR part 51.
    Properly approved incorporations by reference in this volume are 
listed in the Finding Aids at the end of this volume.
    What if the material incorporated by reference cannot be found? If 
you have any problem locating or obtaining a copy of material listed in 
the Finding Aids of this volume as an approved incorporation by 
reference, please contact the agency that issued the regulation 
containing that incorporation. If, after contacting the agency, you find 
the material is not available, please notify the Director of the Federal 
Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC 
20408, or call 202-741-6010.

CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES

    A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a 
separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index 
and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Statutory 
Authorities and Agency Rules (Table I). A list of CFR titles, chapters, 
and parts and an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are 
also included in this volume.
    An index to the text of ``Title 3--The President'' is carried within 
that volume.
    The Federal Register Index is issued monthly in cumulative form. 
This index is based on a consolidation of the ``Contents'' entries in 
the daily Federal Register.
    A List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA) is published monthly, keyed to 
the revision dates of the 50 CFR titles.

[[Page ix]]


REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL

    There are no restrictions on the republication of textual material 
appearing in the Code of Federal Regulations.

INQUIRIES

    For a legal interpretation or explanation of any regulation in this 
volume, contact the issuing agency. The issuing agency's name appears at 
the top of odd-numbered pages.
    For inquiries concerning CFR reference assistance, call 202-741-6000 
or write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National 
Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408 or e-mail 
[email protected].

SALES

    The Government Printing Office (GPO) processes all sales and 
distribution of the CFR. For payment by credit card, call toll-free, 
866-512-1800 or DC area, 202-512-1800, M-F, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. e.s.t. or 
fax your order to 202-512-2250, 24 hours a day. For payment by check, 
write to the Superintendent of Documents, Attn: New Orders, P.O. Box 
371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. For GPO Customer Service call 202-
512-1803.

ELECTRONIC SERVICES

    The full text of the Code of Federal Regulations, the LSA (List of 
CFR Sections Affected), The United States Government Manual, the Federal 
Register, Public Laws, Public Papers, Weekly Compilation of Presidential 
Documents and the Privacy Act Compilation are available in electronic 
format at www.gpoaccess.gov/nara (``GPO Access''). For more information, 
contact Electronic Information Dissemination Services, U.S. Government 
Printing Office. Phone 202-512-1530, or 888-293-6498 (toll-free). E-
mail, [email protected].
    The Office of the Federal Register also offers a free service on the 
National Archives and Records Administration's (NARA) World Wide Web 
site for public law numbers, Federal Register finding aids, and related 
information. Connect to NARA's web site at www.archives.gov/federal-
register. The NARA site also contains links to GPO Access.

                              Raymond A. Mosley,
                                    Director,
                          Office of the Federal Register.

October 1, 2006.

[[Page xi]]



                               THIS TITLE

    Title 42--Public Health is composed of four volumes. The parts in 
these volumes are arranged in the following order: Parts 1-399, parts 
400-413, parts 414-429, and part 430 to end. The first volume (parts 1-
399) contains current regulations issued under chapter I--Public Health 
Service (HHS). The second and third volumes (parts 400-413 and parts 
414-429) include regulations issued under chapter IV--Centers for 
Medicare & Medicaid Services (HHS) and the fourth volume (part 430 to 
end) contains the remaining regulations in chapter IV and the 
regulations issued under chapter V by the Office of Inspector General-
Health Care (HHS). The contents of these volumes represent all current 
regulations codified under this title of the CFR as of October 1, 2006.

    The OMB control numbers for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
Services appear in Sec.  400.310 of chapter IV. For the convenience of 
the user, subpart C consisting of Sec. Sec.  400.300-400.310 is 
reprinted in the Finding Aids section of the third and fourth volumes.

    For this volume, Robert J. Sheehan was Chief Editor. The Code of 
Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of 
Frances D. McDonald, assisted by Kenneth R. Payne.


[[Page 1]]



                         TITLE 42--PUBLIC HEALTH




                  (This book contains parts 400 to 429)

  --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Part

chapter iv--Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 
  Department of Health and Human Services...................         400

[[Page 3]]



                    CHAPTER IV--CENTERS FOR MEDICARE
                          & MEDICAID SERVICES,
                        DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
                             HUMAN SERVICES




  --------------------------------------------------------------------


  Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to chapter IV appear at 62 FR 
46037, Aug. 29, 1997; 66 FR 39452, July 31, 2001; and 67 FR 36540, May 
24, 2002.

                    SUBCHAPTER A--GENERAL PROVISIONS
Part                                                                Page
400             Introduction; definitions...................           5
401             General administrative requirements.........           9
402             Civil money penalties, assessments, and 
                    exclusions..............................          23
403             Special programs and projects...............          36
                     SUBCHAPTER B--MEDICARE PROGRAM
405             Federal health insurance for the aged and 
                    disabled................................          84
406             Hospital insurance eligibility and 
                    entitlement.............................         248
407             Supplementary medical insurance (SMI) 
                    enrollment and entitlement..............         264
408             Premiums for supplementary medical insurance         274
409             Hospital insurance benefits.................         291
410             Supplementary medical insurance (SMI) 
                    benefits................................         318
411             Exclusions from Medicare and limitations on 
                    Medicare payment........................         378
412             Prospective payment systems for inpatient 
                    hospital services.......................         456
413             Principles of reasonable cost reimbursement; 
                    payment for end-stage renal disease 
                    services; prospectively determined 
                    payment rates for skilled nursing 
                    facilities..............................         615

[[Page 5]]



                     SUBCHAPTER A_GENERAL PROVISIONS



PART 400_INTRODUCTION; DEFINITIONS--Table of Contents




Subpart A [Reserved]

                          Subpart B_Definitions

Sec.
400.200 General definitions.
400.202 Definitions specific to Medicare.
400.203 Definitions specific to Medicaid.

  Subpart C_OMB Control Numbers for Approved Collections of Information

400.300 Scope.
400.310 Display of currently valid OMB control numbers.

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh) and 44 U.S.C. Chapter 35.

Subpart A [Reserved]



                          Subpart B_Definitions



Sec. 400.200  General definitions.

    In this chapter, unless the context indicates otherwise--
    Act means the Social Security Act, and titles referred to are titles 
of that Act.
    Administrator means the Administrator, Centers for Medicare & 
Medicaid Services (CMS), formerly the Health Care Financing 
Administration (HCFA).
    ALJ stands for administrative law judge.
    Area means the geographical area within the boundaries of a State, 
or a State or other jurisdiction, designated as constituting an area 
with respect to which a Professional Standards Review Organization or a 
Utilization and Quality Control Peer Review Organization has been or may 
be designated.
    CMP stands for competitive medical plan.
    Conditions of participation includes requirements for participation 
as the latter term is used in part 483 of this chapter.
    Condition level deficiencies includes deficiencies with respect to 
``level A requirements'' as the latter term is used in parts 442 and 483 
of this chapter.
    CORF stands for comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility.
    CFR stands for Code of Federal Regulations.
    CMS stands for Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, formerly 
the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA).
    CY stands for calendar year.
    DAB stands for Departmental Appeals Board.
    Department means the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 
formerly the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
    ESRD stands for end-stage renal disease.
    FDA stands for the Food and Drug Administration.
    FQHC means Federally qualified health center.
    FR stands for Federal Register.
    FY stands for fiscal year.
    HCPP stands for health care prepayment plan.
    HHS stands for the Department of Health and Human Services.
    HHA stands for home health agency.
    HMO stands for health maintenance organization.
    ICF stands for intermediate care facility.
    ICF/MR stands for intermediate care facility for the mentally 
retarded.
    Medicaid means medical assistance provided under a State plan 
approved under title XIX of the Act.
    Medicare means the health insurance program for the aged and 
disabled under title XVIII of the Act.
    NCD stands for national coverage determination.
    OASDI stands for the Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance 
program under title II of the Act.
    OIG stands for the Department's Office of the Inspector General.
    QDWI stands for Qualified Disabled and Working Individual.
    QIO stands for quality improvement organization.
    QMB stands for Qualified Medicare Beneficiary.
    Qualified Disabled and Working Individual means an individual who--

[[Page 6]]

    (1) Is eligible to enroll for Medicare Part A under section 1818A of 
the Act.
    (2) Has income, as determined in accordance with SSI methodologies, 
that does not exceed 200 percent of the Federal poverty guidelines (as 
defined and revised annually by the Office of Management and Budget) for 
a family of the size of the individual's family;
    (3) Has resources, as determined in accordance with SSI 
methodologies, that do not exceed twice the relevant maximum amount 
established, for SSI eligibility, for an individual or for an individual 
and his or her spouse; and
    (4) Is not otherwise eligible for Medicaid.
    Qualified Medicare Beneficiary means an individual who--
    (1) Is entitled to Medicare Part A, with or without payment of 
premiums, but is not entitled solely because he or she is eligible to 
enroll as a QDWI;
    (2) Has resources, as determined in accordance with SSI 
methodologies, that do not exceed twice the maximum amount established 
for SSI eligibility; and
    (3) Has income, as determined in accordance with SSI methodologies, 
that does not exceed 100 percent of the Federal poverty guidelines.
    Quality improvement organization means an organization that has a 
contract with CMS, under part B of title XI of the Act, to perform 
utilization and quality control review of the health care furnished, or 
to be furnished, to Medicare beneficiaries.
    Regional Administrator means a Regional Administrator of CMS.
    Regional Office means one of the regional offices of CMS.
    RHC stands for rural health clinic.
    RRB stands for Railroad Retirement Board.
    Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
    SNF stands for skilled nursing facility.
    Social security benefits means monthly cash benefits payable under 
section 202 or 223 of the Act.
    SSA stands for Social Security Administration.
    United States means the fifty States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, 
and the Northern Mariana Islands.
    U.S.C. stands for United States Code.

[48 FR 12534, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 7206, Feb. 27, 1984; 50 
FR 15326 and 15358, Apr. 17, 1985; 50 FR 41886, Oct. 16, 1985; 51 FR 
43197, Dec. 1, 1986; 52 FR 27764, July 23, 1987; 56 FR 8852, Mar. 1, 
1991; 56 FR 38077, Aug. 12, 1991; 57 FR 24975, June 12, 1992; 57 FR 
55912, Nov. 25, 1992; 63 FR 35065, June 26, 1998; 63 FR 52611, Oct. 1, 
1998; 63 FR 68690, Dec. 14, 1998; 66 FR 39452, July 31, 2001; 67 FR 
36540, May 24, 2002]



Sec. 400.202  Definitions specific to Medicare.

    As used in connection with the Medicare program, unless the context 
indicates otherwise--
    Beneficiary means a person who is entitled to Medicare benefits.
    Carrier means an entity that has a contract with CMS to determine 
and make Medicare payments for Part B benefits payable on a charge basis 
and to perform other related functions.
    Critical access hospital (CAH) means a facility designated by HFCA 
as meeting the applicable requirements of section 1820 of the Act and of 
subpart F of part 485 of this chapter.
    Departmental Appeals Board means: (1) Except as provided in 
paragraphs (2) and (3) of this definition, a Board established in the 
office of the Secretary, whose members act in panels to provide 
impartial review of disputed decisions made by operating components of 
the Department or by ALJs.
    (2) For purposes of review of ALJ decisions under part 405, subparts 
G and H; part 417, subpart Q; part 422, subpart M; and part 478, subpart 
B of this chapter, the Medicare Appeals Council designated by the Board 
Chair.
    (3) For purposes of part 426 of this chapter, a Member of the Board 
and, at the discretion of the Board Chair, any other Board staff 
appointed by the Board Chair to perform a review under that part.
    Entitled means that an individual meets all the requirements for 
Medicare benefits.
    Essential access community hospital (EACH) means a hospital 
designated by CMS as meeting the applicable requirements of section 1820 
of the Act and of subpart G of part 412 of this chapter, as in effect on 
September 30, 1997.

[[Page 7]]

    GME stands for graduate medical education.
    Hospital insurance benefits means payments on behalf of, and in rare 
circumstances directly to, an entitled individual for services that are 
covered under Part A of title XVIII of the Act.
    Intermediary means an entity that has a contract with CMS to 
determine and make Medicare payments for Part A or Part B benefits 
payable on a cost basis and to perform other related functions.
    Local coverage determination (LCD) means a decision by a fiscal 
intermediary or a carrier under Medicare Part A or Part B, as 
applicable, whether to cover a particular service on an intermediary-
wide or carrier-wide basis in accordance with section 1862(a)(1)(A) of 
the Act. An LCD may provide that a service is not reasonable and 
necessary for certain diagnoses and/or for certain diagnosis codes. An 
LCD does not include a determination of which procedure code, if any, is 
assigned to a service or a determination with respect to the amount of 
payment to be made for the service.
    Medicare Part A means the hospital insurance program authorized 
under Part A of title XVIII of the Act.
    Medicare Part B means the supplementary medical insurance program 
authorized under Part B of title XVIII of the Act.
    Medicare Part C means the choice of Medicare benefits through 
Medicare Advantage plans authorized under Part C of the title XVIII of 
the Act.
    Medicare Part D means the voluntary prescription drug benefit 
program authorized under Part D of title XVIII of the Act.
    National coverage determination (NCD) means a decision that CMS 
makes regarding whether to cover a particular service nationally under 
title XVIII of the Act. An NCD does not include a determination of what 
code, if any, is assigned to a service or a determination with respect 
to the amount of payment to be made for the service.
    Nonparticipating supplier means a supplier that does not have an 
agreement with CMS to participate in Part B of Medicare in effect on the 
date of the service.
    Participating supplier means a supplier that has an agreement with 
CMS to participate in Part B of Medicare in effect on the date of the 
service.
    Payment on an assignment-related basis means payment for Part B 
services--
    (1) To a physician or other supplier that accepts assignment from 
the beneficiary, in accordance with Sec. 424.55 or Sec. 424.56 of this 
chapter;
    (2) To a physician or other supplier after the beneficiary's death, 
in accordance with Sec. 424.64(c)(1) of this chapter; or
    (3) To an entity that pays the physician or other supplier under a 
health benefit plan, in accordance with Sec. 424.66 of this chapter.
    Provider means a hospital, a CAH, a skilled nursing facility, a 
comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility, a home health agency, 
or a hospice that has in effect an agreement to participate in Medicare, 
or a clinic, a rehabilitation agency, or a public health agency that has 
in effect a similar agreement but only to furnish outpatient physical 
therapy or speech pathology services, or a community mental health 
center that has in effect a similar agreement but only to furnish 
partial hospitalization services.
    Railroad retirement benefits means monthly benefits payable to 
individuals under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 (45 U.S.C. 
beginning at section 231).
    Services means medical care or services and items, such as medical 
diagnosis and treatment, drugs and biologicals, supplies, appliances, 
and equipment, medical social services, and use of hospital, CAH, or SNF 
facilities.
    Supplementary medical insurance benefits means payment to or on 
behalf of an entitled individual for services covered under Part B of 
title XVIII of the Act.
    Supplier means a physician or other practitioner, or an entity other 
than a

[[Page 8]]

provider, that furnishes health care services under Medicare.

[48 FR 12534, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 56024, Dec. 16, 1983; 
49 FR 3658, Jan. 30, 1984; 51 FR 43197, Dec. 1, 1986; 52 FR 27764, July 
23, 1987; 55 FR 24567, June 18, 1990; 56 FR 8852, Mar. 1, 1991; 58 FR 
30666, May 26, 1993; 59 FR 6576, Feb. 11, 1994; 60 FR 63175, Dec. 8, 
1995; 62 FR 46025, Aug. 29, 1997; 62 FR 59098, Oct. 31, 1997; 63 FR 
35065, June 26, 1998; 68 FR 63715, Nov. 11, 2003; 70 FR 4525, Jan. 28, 
2005]



Sec. 400.203  Definitions specific to Medicaid.

    As used in connection with the Medicaid program, unless the context 
indicates otherwise--
    Applicant means an individual whose written application for Medicaid 
has been submitted to the agency determining Medicaid eligibility, but 
has not received final action. This includes an individual (who need not 
be alive at the time of application) whose application is submitted 
through a representative or a person acting responsibly for the 
individual.
    Federal financial participation (FFP) means the Federal Government's 
share of a State's expenditures under the Medicaid program.
    FMAP stands for the Federal medical assistance percentage, which is 
used to calculate the amount of Federal share of State expenditures for 
services.
    Medicaid agency or agency means the single State agency 
administering or supervising the administration of a State Medicaid 
plan.
    Nursing facility (NF), effective October 1, 1990, means an SNF or an 
ICF participating in the Medicaid program.
    PCCM stands for primary care case manager.
    PCP stands for primary care physician.
    Provider means either of the following:
    (1) For the fee-for-service program, any individual or entity 
furnishing Medicaid services under an agreement with the Medicaid 
agency.
    (2) For the managed care program, any individual or entity that is 
engaged in the delivery of health care services and is legally 
authorized to do so by the State in which it delivers the services.
    Recipient means an individual who has been determined eligible for 
Medicaid.
    Services means the types of medical assistance specified in section 
1905(a) of the Act and defined in subpart A of part 440 of this chapter.
    State means the several States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa 
and the Northern Mariana Islands.
    State plan or the plan means a comprehensive written commitment by a 
Medicaid agency, submitted under section 1902(a) of the Act, to 
administer or supervise the administration of a Medicaid program in 
accordance with Federal requirements.

[48 FR 12534, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33029, Aug. 16, 1985; 
56 FR 8852, Mar. 1, 1991; 57 FR 29155, June 30, 1992; 67 FR 41094, June 
14, 2002]



  Subpart C_OMB Control Numbers for Approved Collections of Information

    Source: 49 FR 4477, Feb. 7, 1984, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 400.300  Scope.

    This subpart collects and displays control numbers assigned by the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to collections of information 
contained in CMS regulations, in accordance with OMB's regulations for 
controlling paperwork burdens on the public, 5 CFR part 1320. CMS 
intends that the subpart comply with the requirements of section 3507(f) 
of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44 U.S.C. chapter 35 which 
requires that agencies shall not engage in a ``collection of 
information'' without obtaining a control number from OMB.



Sec. 400.310  Display of currently valid OMB control numbers.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Current OMB
Sections in 42 CFR that contain collections of information  control Nos.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
403.510...................................................    0938--0641
405.509...................................................    0938--0666
405.512...................................................    0938--0008
405.2112, 405.2123, 405.2134, 405.2136-405.2140, 405.2171.    0938--0386
409.43....................................................    0938--0365
410.105...................................................    0938--0267
411.25, 411.32............................................    0938--0564

[[Page 9]]

 
411.54....................................................    0938--0558
411.165...................................................    0938--0564
411.404, 411.406..........................................    0938--0465
411.408...................................................    0938--0566
412.42....................................................    0938--0666
412.92....................................................    0938--0477
412.105...................................................    0938--0456
412.230, 412.232, 412.234, 412.236, 412.254, 412.260,         0938--0573
 412.266, 412.278.........................................
415.60....................................................    0938--0301
415.162...................................................    0938--0301
416.43....................................................    0938--0506
416.47....................................................    0938--0266
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0506
417.126...................................................    0938--0472
417.436, 417.801..........................................    0938--0610
418.22, 418.24, 418.28, 418.56, 418.58, 418.70, 418.74....    0938--0302
418.30, 418.82, 418.83, 418.96, 418.100...................    0938--0475
418.96, 418.100...........................................    0938--0302
421.117...................................................    0938--0542
424.3.....................................................    0938--0008
424.5, 424.7, 424.20......................................    0938--0454
424.22....................................................    0938--0489
424.32, 424.34............................................    0938--0008
431.17....................................................    0938--0467
431.50, 431.52, 431.55....................................    0938--0247
431.107...................................................    0938--0610
431.306...................................................    0938--0467
431.625...................................................    0938--0247
431.630...................................................    0938--0445
431.800...................................................    0938--0247
431.806, 431.830, 431.432, 431.834, 431.836...............    0938--0438
432.50....................................................    0938--0459
433.36, 433.37............................................    0938--0247
433.68, 433.74............................................    0938--0618
433.110, 433.112-433.114, 433.116, 433.117, 433.119-          0938--0247
 433.121, 433.123, 433.127, 433.130, 433.131, 433.135.....
433.138...................................................    0938--0502
                                                              0938--0553
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0555
433.139...................................................    0938--0459
                                                              0938--0554
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0555
434.27....................................................    0938--0572
434.28....................................................    0938--0610
435.1, 435.910, 435.919, 435.920, 435.940, 435.945,           0938--0247
 435.948, 435.952, 435.953, 435.955, 435.960, 435.965,
 435.1003, 441.11, 441.15, 441.20.........................
441.56, 441.58, 441.60, 441.61............................    0938--0354
441.302...................................................    0938--0449
441.303...................................................    0938--0272
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0449
441.351, 441.352, 441.353, 441.356, 441.365...............    0938--0613
442.505...................................................    0938--0366
447.31....................................................    0938--0287
447.45, 447.50, 447.51, 447.52............................    0938--0247
447.53....................................................    0938--0429
447.55....................................................    0938--0247
447.253...................................................    0938--0366
                                                              0938--0523
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0556
447.255...................................................    0938--0193
447.272, 447.299..........................................    0938--0618
447.302, 447.331, 447.332, 447.333........................    0938--0247
456.80....................................................    0938--0247
456.654...................................................    0938--0445
456.700, 456.705, 456.709, 456.711, 456.712...............    0938--0659
462.102, 462.103..........................................    0938--0526
466.70, 466.72, 466.74....................................    0938--0445
466.78....................................................    0938--0445
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0665
466.80, 466.94............................................    0938--0445
473.18, 473.34, 473.36, 473.42............................    0938--0443
476.104, 476.105, 476.116, 476.134........................    0938--0426
481.61....................................................    0938--0328
482.12, 482.21, 482.22, 482.27, 482.30, 482.41, 482.43,       0938--0328
 482.53, 482.56, 482.57, 482.60, 482.62...................
483.10....................................................    0938--0610
483.410, 483.420, 483.440, 483.460, 483.470...............    0938--0366
484.1, 484.2..............................................    0938--0365
484.10....................................................    0938--0365
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0610
484.12, 484.14, 484.16, 484.18, 484.30, 484.32, 484.34,       0938--0365
 484.36, 484.48, 484.52...................................
485.56, 485.58, 485.60, 485.64, 485.66....................    0938--0267
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0538
485.709, 485.711, 485.717, 485.719, 485.721, 487.723,         0938--0336
 485.725, 485.727.........................................
486.104, 486.106, 486.110.................................    0938--0338
486.155, 486.161, 486.163.................................    0938--0336
488.10....................................................    0938--0646
488.18....................................................    0938--0667
488.26....................................................    0938--0646
489.20....................................................    0938--0564
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0667
489.24....................................................    0938--0334
                                                              0938--0663
                                                                     and
                                                              0938--0667
489.102...................................................    0938--0610
491.9, 491.10.............................................    0938--0334
493.35, 493.37, 493.39, 493.43, 493.45, 493.47, 493.49,
 493.51, 493.53,..........................................
493.55, 493.60, 493.61, 493.62, 493.63....................    0938--0612
493.614, 493.633, 494.634.................................    0938--0607
493.801-493.1285, 493.1425, 493.1701, 493.1703, 493.1705,     0938--0612
 493.1707, 493.1709, 493.1711, 493.1713, 493.1715,
 493.1717, 493.1719, 493.1721, 493.1775, 493.1776,
 493.1777, 493.1780, 493.2001.............................
494.52, 494.54, 494.56, 494.58, 494.64....................    0938--0608
498.22, 498.40, 498.58, 498.82............................    0938--0508
1004.40, 1004.50, 1004.60, 1004.70........................    0938--0444
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[60 FR 50445, Sept. 29, 1995, as amended at 60 FR 63188, Dec. 8, 1995]



PART 401_GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS--Table of Contents




Subpart A [Reserved]

                Subpart B_Confidentiality and Disclosure

Sec.
401.101 Purpose and scope.
401.102 Definitions.
401.105 Rules for disclosure.
401.106 Publication.

[[Page 10]]

401.108 CMS rulings.
401.110 Publications for sale.
401.112 Availability of administrative staff manuals.
401.116 Availability of records upon request.
401.118 Deletion of identifying details.
401.120 Creation of records.
401.126 Information or records that are not available.
401.128 Where requests for records may be made.
401.130 Materials available at social security district offices and 
          branch offices.
401.132 Materials in field offices of the Office of Hearings and 
          Appeals, SSA.
401.133 Availability of official reports on providers and suppliers of 
          services, State agencies, intermediaries, and carriers under 
          Medicare.
401.134 Release of Medicare information to State and Federal agencies.
401.135 Release of Medicare information to the public.
401.136 Requests for information or records.
401.140 Fees and charges.
401.144 Denial of requests.
401.148 Administrative review.
401.152 Court review.

Subparts C-E [Reserved]

               Subpart F_Claims Collection and Compromise

401.601 Basis and scope.
401.603 Definitions.
401.605 Omissions not a defense.
401.607 Claims collection.
401.613 Compromise of claims.
401.615 Payment of compromise amount.
401.617 Suspension of collection action.
401.621 Termination of collection action.
401.623 Joint and several liability.
401.625 Effect of CMS claims collection decisions on appeals.

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh). Subpart F is also issued under the authority of the 
Federal Claims Collection Act (31 U.S.C. 3711).

Subpart A [Reserved]



                Subpart B_Confidentiality and Disclosure

    Source: 46 FR 55696, Nov. 12, 1981, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 401.101  Purpose and scope.

    (a) The regulations in this subpart:
    (1) Implement section 1106(a) of the Social Security Act as it 
applies to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). The rules 
apply to information obtained by officers or employees of CMS in the 
course of administering title XVIII of the Social Security Act 
(Medicare), information obtained by Medicare intermediaries or carriers 
in the course of carrying out agreements under sections 1816 and 1842 of 
the Social Security Act, and any other information subject to section 
1106(a) of the Social Security Act;
    (2) Relate to the availability to the public, under 5 U.S.C. 552, of 
records of CMS and its components. They set out what records are 
available and how they may be obtained; and
    (3) Supplement the regulations of the Department of Health and Human 
Services relating to availability of information under 5 U.S.C. 552, 
codified in 45 CFR part 5, and do not replace or restrict them.
    (b) Except as authorized by the rules in this subpart, no 
information described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be 
disclosed. The procedural rules in this subpart (Sec. Sec. 401.106 
through 401.152) shall be applied to requests for information which is 
subject to the rules for disclosure in this subpart.
    (c) Requests for information which may not be disclosed according to 
the provisions of this subpart shall be denied under authority of 
section 1106(a) of the Social Security Act and this subpart, and 
furthermore, such requests which have been made pursuant to the Freedom 
of Information Act shall be denied under authority of an appropriate 
Freedom of Information Act exemption, 5 U.S.C. 552(b).



Sec. 401.102  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart:
    Act means the Social Security Act.
    Freedom of Information Act rules means the substantive mandatory 
disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 
(including the exemptions from mandatory disclosure, 5 U.S.C. 552(b), as 
implemented by the Department's public information regulation, 45 CFR 
part 5, subpart F and by Sec. Sec. 401.106 to 401.152 of this subpart.
    Person means a person as defined in the Administrative Procedure 
Act, 5 U.S.C. 551(2). This includes State or local agencies, but does 
not include

[[Page 11]]

Federal agencies or State or Federal courts.
    Record has the same meaning as that provided in 45 CFR 5.5.
    Subject individual means an individual whose record is maintained by 
the Department in a system of records, as the terms ``individual,'' 
``record'', and ``system of records'' are defined in the Privacy Act of 
1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a(a).



Sec. 401.105  Rules for disclosure.

    (a) General rule. The Freedom of Information Act rules shall be 
applied to every proposed disclosure of information. If, considering the 
circumstances of the disclosure, the information would be made available 
in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act rules, then the 
information may be disclosed regardless of whether the requester or 
recipient of the information has a statutory right to request the 
information under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, or 
whether a request has been made.
    (b) Application of the general rule. Pursuant to the general rule in 
paragraph (a) of this section,
    (1) Information shall be disclosed--
    (i) To a subject individual when required by the access provision of 
the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a(d), as implemented by the Department 
Privacy Act regulation, 45 CFR part 5b; and
    (ii) To a person upon request when required by the Freedom of 
Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552;
    (2) Unless prohibited by any other statute (e.g., the Privacy Act of 
1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a(b), the Tax Reform Act of 1976, 26 U.S.C. 6103, or 
section 1106(d) and (e) of the Social Security Act), information may be 
disclosed to any requester or recipient of the information, including 
another Federal agency or a State or Federal court, when the information 
would not be exempt from mandatory disclosure under Freedom of 
Information Act rules or when the information nevertheless would be made 
available under the Department's public information regulation's 
criteria for disclosures which are in the public interest and consistent 
with obligations of confidentiality and administrative necessity, 45 CFR 
part 5, subpart F, as supplemented by Sec. Sec. 401.106 to 401.152 of 
this subpart.

[42 FR 14704, Mar. 16, 1977. Redesignated at 45 FR 74913, 74914, Nov. 
13, 1980, and correctly redesignated at 46 FR 24551, May 1, 1981, as 
amended at 46 FR 55697, Nov. 12, 1981]



Sec. 401.106  Publication.

    (a) Methods of publication. Materials required to be published under 
the provisions of The Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 (a)(1) 
and (2) are published in one of the following ways:
    (1) By publication in the Federal Register of CMS regulations, and 
by their subsequent inclusion in the Code of Federal Regulations;
    (2) By publication in the Federal Register of appropriate general 
notices;
    (3) By other forms of publication, when incorporated by reference in 
the Federal Register with the approval of the Director of the Federal 
Register; and
    (4) By publication of indexes of precedential orders and opinions 
issued in the adjudication of claims, statements of policy and 
interpretations which have been adopted but have not been published in 
the Federal Register, and of administrative staff manuals and 
instructions to staff that affect a member of the public.
    (b) Availability for inspection. Those materials which are published 
in the Federal Register pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1) shall, to the 
extent practicable and to further assist the public, be made available 
for inspection at the places specified in Sec. 401.128.

[46 FR 55696, Nov. 12, 1981, as amended at 48 FR 22924, May 23, 1983]



Sec. 401.108  CMS rulings.

    (a) After September 1981, a precedent final opinion or order or a 
statement of policy or interpretation that has not been published in the 
Federal Register as a part of a regulation or of a notice implementing 
regulations, but which has been adopted by CMS as having precedent, may 
be published in the Federal Register as a CMS Ruling and will be made 
available in the publication entitled CMS Rulings.
    (b) Precedent final opinions and orders and statements of policy and 
interpretation that were adopted by CMS

[[Page 12]]

before October, 1981, and that have not been published in the Federal 
Register are available in CMS Rulings.
    (c) CMS Rulings are published under the authority of the 
Administrator, CMS. They are binding on all CMS components, on all HHS 
components that adjudicate matters under the jurisdiction of CMS, and on 
the Social Security Administration to the extent that components of the 
Social Security Administration adjudicate matters under the jurisdiction 
of CMS.

[48 FR 22924, May 23, 1983, as amended at 70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005; 70 
FR 37702, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 401.110  Publications for sale.

    The following publications containing information pertaining to the 
program, organization, functions, and procedures of CMS may be purchased 
from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 
Washington, DC 20402.
    (a) Titles 20, 42, and 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Federal Register issues.
    (c) Compilation of the Social Security Laws.
    (d) CMS Rulings.
    (e) Social Security Handbook. The information in the Handbook is not 
of precedent or interpretative force.
    (f) Medicare/Medicaid Directory of Medical Facilities.



Sec. 401.112  Availability of administrative staff manuals.

    All CMS administrative staff manuals and instructions to staff 
personnel which contain policies, procedures, or interpretations that 
affect the public are available for inspection and copying. A complete 
listing of such materials is published in CMS Rulings. These manuals are 
generally not printed in a sufficient quantity to permit sale or other 
general distribution to the public. Selected material is maintained at 
Social Security Administration district offices and field offices and 
may be inspected there. See Sec. Sec. 401.130 and 401.132 for a listing 
of this material.



Sec. 401.116  Availability of records upon request.

    (a) General. In addition to the records made available pursuant to 
Sec. Sec. 401.106, 401.108, 401.110 and 401.112, CMS will, upon request 
made in accordance with this subpart, make identified records available 
to any person, unless they are exempt from disclosure under the 
provisions of section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code (see Sec. 
401.126), or any other provision of law.
    (b) Misappropriation, alteration, or destruction of records. No 
person may remove any record made available to him for inspection or 
copying under this part, from the place where it is made available. In 
addition, no person may steal, alter, mutilate, obliterate, or destroy 
in whole or in part, such a record. See sections 641 and 2071 of title 
18 of the United States Code.



Sec. 401.118  Deletion of identifying details.

    When CMS publishes or otherwise makes available an opinion or order, 
statement of policy, or other record which relates to a private party or 
parties, the name or names or other identifying details will be deleted.



Sec. 401.120  Creation of records.

    Records will not be created by compiling selected items from the 
files, and records will not be created to provide the requester with 
such data as ratios, proportions, percentages, per capitas, frequency 
distributions, trends, correlations, and comparisons. If such data have 
been compiled and are available in the form of a record, the record 
shall be made available as provided in this subpart.



Sec. 401.126  Information or records that are not available.

    (a) Specific exemptions from disclosure. Pursuant to paragraph (b) 
of 5 U.S.C. 552, certain classes of records are exempt from disclosure. 
For some examples of the kinds of materials which are exempt, see 
subpart F of the public information regulation of the Department of 
Health and Human Services (45 CFR part 5) and the appendix to that 
regulation.
    (b) Materials exempt from disclosure by statute. Pursuant to 
paragraph (b)(3) of

[[Page 13]]

5 U.S.C. 552, as amended, which exempts from the requirement for 
disclosure matters that are exempted from disclosure by statute, 
provided that such statute requires that the matters be withheld from 
the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue, or 
establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular 
types of matter to be withheld:
    (1) Reports described in sections 1106 (d) and (e) of the Social 
Security Act shall not be disclosed, except in accordance with the 
provisions of sections 1106 (d) and (e). Sections 1106 (d) and (e) 
provide for public inspection of certain official reports dealing with 
the operation of the health programs established by titles XVIII and XIX 
of the Social Security Act (Medicare and Medicaid), but require that 
program validation survey reports and other formal evaluations of 
providers of services shall not identify individual patients, individual 
health care practitioners, or other individuals. Section 1106(e) further 
requires that none of the reports shall be made public until the 
contractor or provider whose performance is being evaluated has had a 
reasonable opportunity to review that report and to offer comments. See 
Sec. 401.133 (b) and (c);
    (2)(i) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, 
CMS may not disclose any accreditation survey or any information 
directly related to the survey (including corrective action plans) made 
by and released to it by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of 
Healthcare Organizations, the American Osteopathic Association or any 
other national accreditation organization that meets the requirements of 
Sec. 488.6 or Sec. 493.506 of this chapter. Materials that are 
confidential include accreditation letters and accompanying 
recommendations and comments prepared by an accreditation organization 
concerning the entities it surveys.
    (ii) Exceptions. (A) CMS may release the accreditation survey of any 
home health agency; and
    (B) CMS may release the accreditation survey and other information 
directly related to the survey (including corrective action plans) to 
the extent the survey and information relate to an enforcement action 
(for example, denial of payment for new admissions, civil money 
penalties, temporary management and termination) taken by CMS; and
    (3) Tax returns and return information defined in section 6103 of 
the Internal Revenue Code, as amended by the Tax Reform Act of 1976, 
shall not be disclosed except as authorized by the Internal Revenue 
Code.
    (c) Effect of exemption. Neither 5 U.S.C. 552 nor this regulation 
directs the withholding of any record or information, except to the 
extent of the prohibitions in paragraph (b) of this section. Except for 
material required to be withheld under the statutory provisions 
incorporated in paragraph (b) of this section or under another statute 
which meets the standards in 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(3), materials exempt from 
mandatory disclosure will nevertheless be made available when this can 
be done consistently with obligations of confidentiality and 
administrative necessity. The disclosure of materials or records under 
these circumstances in response to a specific request, however, is of no 
precedent force with respect to any other request.

[46 FR 55696, Nov. 12, 1981, as amended at 58 FR 61837, Nov. 23, 1993]



Sec. 401.128  Where requests for records may be made.

    (a) General. Any request for any record may be made to--
    (1) Any CMS component;
    (2) Director, Office of Public Affairs, CMS 313-H, Hubert H. 
Humphrey Building, 200 Independence Avenue, Washington, DC 20201; or
    (3) Director of Public Affairs in any Regional Office of the 
Department of Health and Human Services.

The locations and service areas of these offices are as follows:

Region I--John F. Kennedy Federal Building, Boston, MA 02203. 
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont.
Region II--26 Federal Plaza, New York, NY 10007. New York, New Jersey, 
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands.
Region III--Gateway Building, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 
19101. Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, 
District of Columbia.

[[Page 14]]

Region IV--101 Marietta Street, Altanta, GA 30323. Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Tennessee.
Region V--300 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606. Illinois, Indiana, 
Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin.
Region VI--1200 Main Tower Building, Dallas, TX 75202. Arkansas, 
Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.
Region VII--601 East 12th Street, Kansas City, MO 64106. Iowa, Kansas, 
Missouri, Nebraska.
Region VIII--Federal Office Building, 19th and Stout Streets, Denver, CO 
80294. Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming.
Region IX--Federal Office Building, 50 United Nations Plaza, San 
Francisco, CA 94102. Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Guam, Trust 
Territory of Pacific Islands, American Samoa.
Region X--Arcade Plaza Building, 1321 Second Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101. 
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.

    (b) Records pertaining to individuals. CMS maintains some records 
pertaining to individuals. Disclosure of such records is generally 
prohibited by section 1106 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1306), 
except as prescribed in Sec. 401.105 (See also Sec. 401.126(b)). 
Requests for records pertaining to individuals may be addressed to:

Director, Office of Research, Demonstrations and Statistics, CMS, 
Baltimore, Maryland 21235, when information is sought from the record of 
a person who has participated in a research survey conducted by or for 
CMS, Office of Research, Demonstrations and Statistics; or whose records 
have been included by statistical sampling techniques in research and 
statistical studies authorized by the Social Security Act in the field 
of health care financing.
    (c) Requests for materials listed in Sec. 401.130 or Sec. 401.132 
or indexed in the CMS Rulings. A request to inspect and copy materials 
listed in Sec. 401.130 or Sec. 401.132 or indexed in CMS Rulings may 
be made to any district or branch office of the Social Security 
Administration. If the specific material requested is not available in 
the office receiving the request, the material will be obtained and made 
available promptly.



Sec. 401.130  Materials available at social security district offices and 
branch offices.

    (a) Materials available for inspection. The following are available 
or will be made available for inspection at the social security district 
offices and branch offices:
    (1) Compilation of the Social Security Laws.
    (2) The Public Information Regulation of the Department of Health 
and Human Services (45 CFR part 5).
    (3) Medicare Program regulations issued by the Centers for Medicare 
& Medicaid Services. 42 CFR chapter IV .
    (4) CMS Rulings.
    (5) Social Security Handbook.
    (b) Materials available for inspection and copying. The following 
materials are available or will be made available for inspection and 
copying at the social security district offices and branch offices:
    (1) Claims Manual of the Social Security Administration.
    (2) Department Staff Manual on Organization, Department of Health 
and Human Services, Part F, CMS.
    (3) Parts 2 and 3 of the Part A

Intermediary Manual (Provider Services under Medicare CMS Pub. 13-2 and 
13-3).
    (4) Parts 2 and 3 of the Part B Intermediary Manual (Physician and 
Supplier Services).
    (5) Intermediary Letters Related to Parts 2 and 3 of the Part A and 
Part B Intermediary Manuals.
    (6) State Buy-In Handbook (State Enrollment of Eligible Individuals 
under the Supplementary Medical Insurance Program) and Letters.
    (7) Group Practice Prepayment Plan Manual (HIM-8) and Letters.
    (8) State Operations Manual (HIM-7).
    (9) CMS Letters to State Agencies on Medicare.
    (10) Skilled Nursing Facility Manual (CMS Pub. 12).
    (11) Hearing Officers Handbook (Supplementary Medical Insurance 
Program--HIM-21).
    (12) Hospital Manual (HIM-10).
    (13) Home Health Agency Manual (HIM-11).
    (14) Outpatient Physical Therapy Provider Manual (HIM-9).

[[Page 15]]

    (15) Provider Reimbursement Manual (HIM-15).
    (16) Audit Program Manuals for Hospital (HIM-16), Home Health Agency 
(HIM-17), and Extended Care Facilities (HIM-18).
    (17) Statements of deficiencies based upon survey reports of health 
care institutions or facilities prepared after January 31, 1973, by a 
State agency, and such reports (including pertinent written statements 
furnished by such institution or facility on such statements of 
deficiencies), as set forth in Sec. 401.133(a). Except as otherwise 
provided for at Sec. Sec. 401.133 and 488.325 of this chapter for SNFs, 
such statements of deficiencies, reports, and pertinent written 
statements shall be available or made available only at the social 
security district office and regional office servicing the area in which 
the institution or facility is located, except that such statements of 
deficiencies and pertinent written statements shall also be available at 
the local public assistance offices servicing such area.
    (18) Indexes to the materials listed in paragraph (a) of this 
section and in this paragraph (b) and an index to the Bureau of Hearings 
and Appeals Handbook.

[46 FR 55696, Nov. 12, 1981, as amended at 59 FR 56232, Nov. 10, 1994]



Sec. 401.132  Materials in field offices of the Office of Hearings and 

Appeals, SSA.

    (a) Materials available for inspection. The following materials are 
available for inspection in the field offices of the Office of Hearings 
and Appeals, SSA.
    (1) Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations (including the 
public information regulation of the Department of Health and Human 
Services).
    (2) Regulations of the Social Security Administration and CMS.
    (3) Title 5, United States Code.
    (4) Compilation of the Social Security Laws.
    (5) CMS Rulings.
    (6) Social Security Handbook.
    (b) Handbook available for inspection and copying. The Office of 
Hearings and Appeals Handbook is available for inspection and copying in 
the field offices of the Office of Hearings and Appeals.



Sec. 401.133  Availability of official reports on providers and suppliers of 
services, State agencies, intermediaries, and carriers under Medicare.

    Except as otherwise provided for in Sec. 488.325 of this chapter 
for SNFs, the following must be made available to the public under the 
conditions specified:
    (a) Statements of deficiencies and survey reports on providers of 
services prepared by State agencies. (1) Statements of deficiencies 
based upon official survey reports prepared after January 31, 1973, by a 
State agency pursuant to its agreement entered into under section 1864 
of the Social Security Act and furnished to CMS, which relate to a State 
agency's findings on the compliance of a health care institution or 
facility with the applicable provisions in section 1861 of the Act and 
with the regulations, promulgated pursuant to those provisions, dealing 
with health and safety of patients in those institutions and facilities; 
and (2) State agency survey reports. The statement of deficiencies or 
report and any pertinent written statements furnished by the institution 
or facility on the statement of deficiencies shall be disclosed within 
90 days following the completion of the survey by the State agency, but 
not to exceed 30 days following the receipt of the report by CMS. (See 
Sec. 401.130(b)(17)) for places where statements of deficiencies, 
reports, and pertinent written statements will be available.)
    (b) CMS reports on providers of services. Upon request in writing, 
official reports and other formal evaluations (including followup 
reviews), excluding references to internal tolerance rules and practices 
contained therein, internal working papers or other informal memoranda, 
prepared and completed after January 31, 1973, which relate to the 
performance of providers of services under Medicare: Provided, That no 
information identifying individual patients, physicians, or other 
practitioners, or other individuals shall be disclosed under this 
paragraph. Those reports and other evaluations shall be disclosed within 
30 days following the final preparation thereof by CMS during which time 
the providers of services shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to 
offer comments, and there

[[Page 16]]

shall be disclosed with those reports and evaluations any pertinent 
written statements furnished CMS by those providers on those reports and 
evaluations.
    (c) Contractor performance review reports. Upon request in writing, 
official contractor performance review reports and other formal 
evaluations (including followup reviews), excluding references to 
internal tolerance rules and practices contained therein, internal 
working papers or other informal memoranda, prepared and completed after 
January 31, 1973, which relate to the evaluation of the performance of 
(1) intermediaries and carriers under their agreements entered into 
pursuant to sections 1816 and 1842 of the Social Security Act and (2) 
State agencies under their agreements entered into pursuant to section 
1864 of the Act (including comparative evaluations of the performance of 
those intermediaries, carriers, and State agencies). The latest Contract 
Performance Review Report pertaining to a particular intermediary or 
carrier, prepared prior to February 1, 1973, may also be disclosed to 
any person upon request in writing. Those reports and evaluations shall 
be disclosed within 30 days following their final preparation by CMS (or 
30 days following the request therefor, in the case of the contract 
performance review report prepared prior to February 1, 1973), during 
which time those intermediaries, carriers, and State agencies, as the 
case may be, shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to offer 
comments, and there shall be disclosed with those reports and 
evaluations any pertinent written statements furnished CMS by those 
intermediaries, carriers, on State agencies or those reports and 
evaluations.
    (d) Accreditation surveys. Upon written request, CMS will release 
the accreditation survey and related information from an accreditation 
organization meeting the requirements of Sec. 488.5, Sec. 488.6 or 
Sec. 493.506 of this chapter to the extent the survey and information 
relate to an enforcement action taken (for example, denial of payment 
for new admission, civil money penalties, temporary management and 
termination) by CMS;
    (e) Upon written request, CMS will release the accreditation survey 
of any home health agency.

[46 FR 55696, Nov. 12, 1981; 46 FR 59249, Dec. 4, 1981, as amended at 58 
FR 61838, Nov. 23, 1993; 59 FR 56232, Nov. 10, 1994]



Sec. 401.134  Release of Medicare information to State and Federal agencies.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the 
following information may be released to an officer or employee of an 
agency of the Federal or a State government lawfully charged with the 
administration of a program receiving grants-in-aid under title V and 
XIX of the Social Security Act for the purpose of administration of 
those titles, or to any officer or employee of the Department of Army, 
Department of Defense, solely for the administration of its Civilian 
Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS):
    (1) Information, including the identification number, concerning 
charges made by physicians, other practitioners, or suppliers, and 
amounts paid under Medicare for services furnished to beneficiaries by 
such physicians, other practioners, or suppliers, to enable the agency 
to determine the proper amount of benefits payable for medical services 
performed in accordance with those programs; or
    (2) Information as to physicians or other practioners that has been 
disclosed under Sec. 401.105.
    (3) Information relating to the qualifications and certification 
status of hospitals and other health care facilities obtained in the 
process of determining whether, and certifying as to whether, 
institutions or agencies meet or continue to meet the conditions of 
participation of providers of services or whether other entities meet or 
continue to meet the conditions for coverage of services they furnish.
    (b) The release of such information shall not be authorized by a 
fiscal intermediary or carrier.
    (c) The following information may be released to any officer or 
employee of an agency of the Federal or a State government lawfully 
charged with the duty of conducting an investigation or prosecution with 
respect to possible

[[Page 17]]

fraud or abuse against a program receiving grants-in-aid under Medicaid, 
but only for the purpose of conducting such an investigation or 
prosecution, or to any officer or employee of the Department of the 
Army, Department of Defense, solely for the administration of its 
Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS), 
provided that the agency has filed an agreement with CMS that the 
information will be released only to the agency's enforcement branch and 
that the agency will preserve the confidentiality of the information 
received and will not disclose that information for other than program 
purposes:
    (1) The name and address of any provider of medical services, 
organization, or other person being actively investigated for possible 
fraud in connection with Medicare, and the nature of such suspected 
fraud. An active investigation exists when there is significant evidence 
supporting an initial complaint but there is need for further 
investigation.
    (2) The name and address of any provider of medical services, 
organization, or other person found, after consultation with an 
appropriate professional association or a program review team, to have 
provided unnecessary services, or of any physician or other individual 
found to have violated the assignment agreement on at least three 
occasions.
    (3) The name and address of any provider of medical services, 
organization or other person released under paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of 
this section concerning which an active investigation is concluded with 
a finding that there is no fraud or other prosecutable offense.



Sec. 401.135  Release of Medicare information to the public.

    The following shall be made available to the public under the 
conditions specified:
    (a) Information as to amounts paid to providers and other 
organizations and facilities for services to beneficiaries under title 
XVIII of the Act: Provided, That no information identifying any 
particular beneficiaries shall be disclosed under this paragraph.
    (b) The name of any provider of services or other person furnishing 
services to Medicare beneficiaries who--
    (1) Has been found by a Federal court to have been guilty of 
submitting false claims in connection with Medicare; or
    (2) Has been found by a carrier or intermediary, after consultation 
with a professional medical association functioning external to program 
administration or, if appropriate, the State medical authority, to have 
been engaged in a pattern of furnishing services to beneficiaries which 
are substantially in excess of their medical needs; except that the name 
of any provider or other person shall not be disclosed pursuant to a 
finding under this paragraph (b)(2) of this section, unless that 
provider or other person has first been afforded a reasonable 
opportunity to offer evidence on his behalf.
    (c) Upon request in writing, cost reports submitted by providers of 
services pursuant to section 1815 of the Act to enable the Secretary to 
determine amounts due the providers.



Sec. 401.136  Requests for information or records.

    (a) A request should reasonably identify the requested record by 
brief description. Requesters who have detailed information which would 
assist in identifying the records requested are urged to provide such 
information in order to expedite the handling of the request. Envelopes 
in which written requests are submitted should be clearly identified as 
Freedom of Information requests. The request should include the fee or 
request determination of the fee. When necessary, a written request will 
be promptly forwarded to the proper office, and the requester will be 
advised of the date of the receipt and identification and address of the 
proper office.
    (b) Determinations of whether records will be released or withheld 
will be made within 10 working days from date of receipt of the request 
in the office listed in Sec. 401.128 except where CMS extends this time 
and sends notice of such extension to the requester. Such extension may 
not exceed 10 additional working days and shall apply only where the 
following unusual circumstances exist:

[[Page 18]]

    (1) The need to search for and collect the requested records from 
field facilities or other establishments that are separate from the 
office processing the requests;
    (2) The need to search for, collect, and appropriately examine a 
voluminous amount of separate and distinct records which are requested 
in a single request; or
    (3) The need for consultation, which shall be conducted with all 
practicable speed, with another agency having a substantial interest in 
the request or among two or more components of CMS having a substantial 
interest in the subject matter of the request.
    (c) If an extension is made, the requester will be notified in 
writing before the expiration of 10 working days from receipt of the 
request and will be given an explanation of why the extension was 
necessary and the date on which a determination will be made.
    (d) Authority to extend the time limit with respect to any request 
for information or records is granted to the Director, Office of Public 
Affairs, CMS and to the Director of Public Affairs in any HHS Regional 
Office. Those officers and employees of CMS who are listed in Sec. 
401.144(a) as having authority to deny requests for information from 
records maintained on individuals are granted authority to extend the 
time limit for responding to requests for information from such records.



Sec. 401.140  Fees and charges.

    (a) Statement of policy. It is CMS's policy to comply with certain 
requests for information services without charge. Except as otherwise 
determined pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section, fees will be 
charged for the following services with respect to all other requests 
for information from records which are reasonably identified by the 
requesters:
    (1) Reproduction, duplication, or copying of records;
    (2) Searches for records; and
    (3) Certification or authentication of records.
    (b) Fee schedules. The fee schedule is as follows:
    (1) Search for records. Three dollars per hour: Provided, however, 
That no charge will be made for the first half hour.
    (2) Reproduction, duplication, or copying of records. Ten cents per 
page where such reproduction can be made by commonly available 
photocopying machines. The cost of reproducing records which cannot be 
so photocopied will be determined on an individual basis at actual cost.
    (3) Certification or authentication of records. Three dollars per 
certification or authentication.
    (4) Forwarding materials to destination. Any special arrangements 
for forwarding which are requested shall be charged at actual cost; 
however, no charge will be made for postage.
    (5) No charge will be made when the total amount does not exceed 
five dollars.
    (c) Waiver or reduction of fees. Waiver or reduction of the fees in 
paragraph (b) of this section may be made upon a determination that such 
waiver or reduction is in the public interest because furnishing the 
information can be considered as primarily benefiting the general 
public. Such determination may be made by the appropriate officer or 
employee identified in Sec. 401.144.
    (d) Sale of documents. On occasion, a previously printed document 
may be available for sale to the public; the cost of supplying the 
document is one cent per page unless the document is available for sale 
from the Superintendent of Documents, in which case the price shall be 
that determined by the Superintendent.



Sec. 401.144  Denial of requests.

    (a) General authority. Only the Director, Office of Public Affairs, 
CMS, and the Regional Directors of Public Affairs, HHS, are authorized 
to deny written requests to obtain, inspect or copy any CMS information 
or record.
    (b) Forms of denials. (1) Oral requests may be dealt with orally, 
but the requester should be advised that the oral response is not an 
official determination and that an official determination may be 
obtained only by submitting the request in writing. Appropriate 
available assistance will be offered.
    (2) Written Requests--Denials of written requests will be in writing 
and will contain the reasons for the denial

[[Page 19]]

including, as appropriate, a statement that a document requested is 
nonexistent or not reasonably described or is subject to one or more 
clearly described exemption(s). Denials will also provide the requester 
with appropriate information on how to exercise the right of appeal.



Sec. 401.148  Administrative review.

    (a) Review by the Administrator. A person whose request has been 
denied may initiate a review by filing a request for review with the 
Administrator of CMS, 700 East High Rise Building, 6401 Security 
Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21235, within 30 days of receipt of the 
determination to deny or within 30 days of receipt of records which are 
in partial response to his request if a portion of a request is granted 
and a portion denied, whichever is later. Upon receipt of a timely 
request for review, the Administrator will review the decision in 
question and the findings upon which it was based. Upon the basis of the 
data considered in connection with the decision and whatever other 
evidence and written argument is submitted by the person requesting the 
review or which is otherwise obtained, the Administrator or his designee 
will affirm or revise in whole or in part the findings and decision in 
question. A decision to affirm the denial will be made only upon 
concurrence of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, or his 
designee, after consultation with the General Counsel or his or her 
designee, and the appropriate program policy official. Written notice of 
the decision of the Administrator will be mailed to the person who 
requested the review. A written decision will be made within 20 working 
days from receipt of the request for review. Extension of the time limit 
may be granted under the circumstances listed in Sec. 401.136(b) to the 
extent that the maximum 10 days limit on extensions has not been 
exhausted on the initial determination. The decision will include the 
basis for it and will advise the requester of his right to judicial 
review.
    (b) Failure of the Administrator to comply with the time limits. 
Failure of the Administrator to comply with the time limits set forth in 
Sec. 401.136 and this section constitutes an exhaustion of the 
requester's administrative remedies.



Sec. 401.152  Court review.

    Where the Administrator upon review affirms the denial of a request 
for records, in whole or in part, the requester may seek court review in 
the district court of the United States pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 
552(a)(4)(B).

Subparts C-E [Reserved]



               Subpart F_Claims Collection and Compromise

    Source: 48 FR 39064, Aug. 29, 1983, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 401.601  Basis and scope.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements for CMS the Federal Claims 
Collection Act (FCCA) of 1966 (31 U.S.C. 3711), and conforms to the 
regulations (4 CFR parts 101-105) issued jointly by the General 
Accounting Office and the Department of Justice that generally prescribe 
claims collection standards and procedures under the FCCA for the 
Federal government.
    (b) Scope. Except as provided in paragraphs (c) through (f) of this 
section, the regulations in this subpart describe CMS's procedures and 
standards for the collection of claims in any amount, and the compromise 
of, or the suspension or termination of collection action on, all claims 
for money or property that do not exceed $100,000 or such higher amount 
as the Attorney General may from time to time prescribe, exclusive of 
interest, arising under any functions delegated to CMS by the Secretary.
    (c) Amount of claim. CMS refers all claims that exceed $100,000 or 
such higher amount as the Attorney General may from time to time 
prescribe, exclusive of interest, to the Department of Justice or the 
General Accounting Office for the compromise of claims, or the 
suspension or termination of collection action.
    (d) Related regulations--(1) Department regulations. DHHS 
regulations applicable to CMS that generally implement

[[Page 20]]

the FCCA for the Department are located at 45 CFR part 30. These 
regulations apply only to the extent CMS regulations do not address a 
situation.
    (2) CMS regulations. The following regulations govern specific debt 
management situations encountered by CMS and supplement this subpart:
    (i) Claims against Medicare beneficiaries for the recovery of 
overpayments are covered in 20 CFR 404.515.
    (ii) Adjustments in Railroad Retirement or Social Security benefits 
to recover Medicare overpayments to individuals are covered in 
Sec. Sec. 405.350-405.358 of this chapter.
    (iii) Claims against providers, physicians, or other suppliers of 
services for overpayments under Medicare and for assessment of interest 
are covered in Sec. Sec. 405.377 and 405.378 of this chapter, 
respectively.
    (iv) Claims against beneficiaries for unpaid hospital insurance or 
supplementary medical insurance premiums under Medicare are covered in 
Sec. 408.110 of this chapter.
    (v) State repayment of Medicaid funds by installments is covered in 
Sec. 430.48 of this chapter.
    (e) Collection and compromise under other statutes and at common 
law. The regulations in this subpart do not--
    (1) Preclude disposition by CMS of claims under statutes, other than 
the FCCA, that provide for the collection or compromise of a claim, or 
suspension or termination of collection action.
    (2) Affect any rights that CMS may have under common law as a 
creditor.
    (f) Fraud. The regulations in this subpart do not apply to claims in 
which there is an indication of fraud, the presentation of a false 
claim, or misrepresentation on the part of a debtor or any other party 
having an interest in the claim. CMS forwards these claims to the 
Department of Justice for disposition under 4 CFR 105.1.
    (g) Enforced collection. CMS refers claims to the Department of 
Justice for enforced collection through litigation in those cases which 
cannot be compromised or on which collection action cannot be suspended 
or terminated in accordance with this subpart or the regulations issued 
jointly by the Attorney General and the Comptroller General.

[48 FR 39064, Aug. 29, 1983, as amended at 52 FR 48123, Dec. 18, 1987; 
57 FR 56998, Dec. 2, 1992; 61 FR 49271, Sept. 19, 1996; 61 FR 63748, 
Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 401.603  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart--
    Claim means any debt owed to CMS.
    Debtor means any individual, partnership, corporation, estate, trust 
or other legal entity against which CMS has a claim.



Sec. 401.605  Omissions not a defense.

    The failure of CMS to comply with the regulations in this subpart, 
or with the related regulations listed in Sec. 401.601(d), is not 
available as a defense to a debtor against whom CMS has a claim for 
money or property.



Sec. 401.607  Claims collection.

    (a) General policy. CMS recovers amounts of claims due from debtors, 
including interest where appropriate, by--
    (1) Direct collections in lump sums or in installments; or
    (2) Offsets against monies owed to the debtor by the Federal 
government where possible.
    (b) Collection in lump sums. Whenever possible, CMS attempts to 
collect claims in full in one lump sum. However, if CMS determines that 
a debtor is unable to pay the claim in one lump sum, CMS may instead 
enter into an agreement to accept regular installment payments.
    (c) Collection in installments. Generally, CMS requires that all 
claims to be satisfied by installment payments must be liquidated in 
three years or less. If unusual circumstances exist, such as the 
possibility of debtor insolvency, an installment agreement that extends 
beyond three years may be approved.
    (1) Debtor request. If a debtor desires to repay a claim in 
installments, the debtor must submit--
    (i) A request to CMS; and
    (ii) Any information required by CMS to make a decision regarding 
the request.
    (2) CMS decision. CMS will determine the number, amount and 
frequency of

[[Page 21]]

installment payments based on the information submitted by the debtor 
and on other factors such as--
    (i) Total amount of the claim;
    (ii) Debtor's ability to pay; and
    (iii) Cost to CMS of administering an installment agreement.
    (d) Collection by offset. (1) CMS may offset, where possible, the 
amount of a claim against the amount of pay, compensation, benefits or 
other monies that a debtor is receiving or is due from the Federal 
government.
    (2) Under regulations at Sec. 405.350-405.358 of this chapter, CMS 
may initiate adjustments in program payments to which an individual is 
entitled under title II of the Act (Federal Old Age, Survivors, and 
Disability Insurance Benefits) or under the Railroad Retirement Act of 
1974 (45 U.S.C. 231) to recover Medicare overpayments.

[48 FR 39064, Aug. 29, 1983, as amended at 61 FR 49271, Sept. 19, 1996; 
61 FR 63748, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 401.613  Compromise of claims.

    (a) Amount of compromise. HFCA requires that the amount to be 
recovered through a compromise of a claim must--
    (1) Bear a reasonable relation to the amount of the claim; and
    (2) Be recoverable through enforced collection procedures.
    (b) General factors. After considering the bases for a decision to 
compromise a claim under paragraph (c) of this section, CMS may further 
consider factors such as--
    (1) The age and health of the debtor if the debtor is an individual;
    (2) Present and potential income of the debtor; and
    (3) Whether assets have been concealed or improperly transferred by 
the debtor.
    (c) Basis for compromise. Bases on which CMS may compromise a claim 
include the following--
    (1) Inability to pay. CMS may compromise a claim if it determines 
that the debtor, or the estate of a deceased debtor, does not have the 
present or prospective ability to pay the full amount of the claim 
within a reasonable time.
    (2) Litigative probabilities. CMS may compromise a claim if it 
determines that it would be difficult to prevail in a case before a 
court of law as a result of the legal issues involved or inability of 
the parties to agree to the facts of the case. The amount that CMS 
accepts in compromise under this provision will reflect--
    (i) The likelihood that CMS would have prevailed on the legal 
question(s) involved;
    (ii) Whether and to what extent CMS would have obtained a full or 
partial recovery of a judgment, depending on the availability of 
witnesses, or other evidentiary support for CMS's claim; and
    (iii) The amount of court costs that would be assessed to CMS.
    (3) Cost of collecting the claim. CMS may compromise a claim if it 
determines that the cost of collecting the claim does not justify the 
enforced collection of the full amount. In this case, CMS may adjust the 
amount it accepts as a compromise to allow an appropriate discount for 
the costs of collection it would have incurred but for the compromise.
    (d) Enforcement policy. CMS may compromise statutory penalties, 
forfeitures, or debts established as an aid to enforcement or to compel 
compliance, if it determines that its enforcement policy, in terms of 
deterrence and securing compliance both present and future, is 
adequately served by acceptance of the compromise amount.



Sec. 401.615  Payment of compromise amount.

    (a) Time and manner of compromise. Payment by the debtor of the 
amount that CMS has agreed to accept as a compromise in full settlement 
of a claim must be made within the time and in the manner prescribed by 
CMS. Accordingly, CMS will not settle a claim until the full payment of 
the compromise amount has been made.
    (b) Effect of failure to pay compromise amount. Failure of the 
debtor to make payment, as provided by the compromise agreement, 
reinstates the full amount of the claim, less any amounts paid prior to 
the default.
    (c) Prohibition against grace periods. CMS will not agree to 
inclusion of a provision in an installment agreement that would permit 
grace periods for

[[Page 22]]

payments that are late under the terms of the agreement.



Sec. 401.617  Suspension of collection action.

    (a) General conditions. CMS may temporarily suspend collection 
action on a claim if the following general conditions are met--
    (1) Amount of future recovery. CMS determines that future collection 
action may result in a recovery of an amount sufficient to justify 
periodic review and action on the claim by CMS during the period of 
suspension.
    (2) Statute of limitations. CMS determines that--
    (i) The applicable statute of limitations has been tolled, waived or 
has started running anew; or
    (ii) Future collections may be made by CMS through offset despite an 
applicable statute of limitations.
    (b) Basis for suspension. Bases on which CMS may suspend collection 
action on a particular claim include the following--
    (1) A debtor cannot be located; or
    (2) A debtor--
    (i) Owns no substantial equity in property;
    (ii) Is unable to make payment on CMS's claim or is unable to effect 
a compromise; and
    (iii) Has future prospects that justify retention of the claim.
    (c) Locating debtors. CMS will make every reasonable effort to 
locate missing debtors sufficiently in advance of the bar of an 
applicable statute of limitations to permit timely filing of a lawsuit 
to recover the amount of the claim.
    (d) Effect of suspension on liquidation of security. CMS will 
liquidate security, obtained in partial recovery of a claim, despite a 
decision under this section to suspend collection action against the 
debtor for the remainder of the claim.



Sec. 401.621  Termination of collection action.

    (a) General factors. After considering the bases for a decision to 
terminate collection action under paragraph (b) of this section, CMS may 
further consider factors such as--
    (1) The age and health of the debtor if the debtor is an individual;
    (2) Present and potential income of the debtor; and
    (3) Whether assets have been concealed or improperly transferred by 
the debtor.
    (b) Basis for termination of collection action. Bases on which CMS 
may terminate collection action on a claim include the following--
    (1) Inability to collect a substantial amount of the claim. CMS may 
terminate collection action if it determines that it is unable to 
collect, or to enforce collection, of a significant amount of the claim. 
In making this determination, CMS will consider factors such as--
    (i) Judicial remedies available;
    (ii) The debtor's future financial prospects; and
    (iii) Exemptions available to the debtor under State or Federal law.
    (2) Inability to locate debtor. In cases involving missing debtors, 
CMS may terminate collection action if--
    (i) There is no security remaining to be liquidated;
    (ii) The applicable statute of limitations has run; or
    (iii) The prospects of collecting by offset, whether or not an 
applicable statute of limitations has run, are considered by CMS to be 
too remote to justify retention of the claim.
    (3) Cost of collection exceeds recovery. CMS may terminate 
collection action if it determines that the cost of further collection 
action will exceed the amount recoverable.
    (4) Legal insufficiency. CMS may terminate collection action if it 
determines that the claim is legally without merit.
    (5) Evidence unavailable. CMS may terminate collection action if--
    (i) Efforts to obtain voluntary payment are unsuccessful; and
    (ii) Evidence or witnesses necessary to prove the claim are 
unavailable.



Sec. 401.623  Joint and several liability.

    (a) Collection action. CMS will liquidate claims as quickly as 
possible. In cases of joint and several liability among two or more 
debtors, CMS will not allocate the burden of claims payment among the 
debtors. CMS will proceed with collection action against one

[[Page 23]]

debtor even if other liable debtors have not paid their proportionate 
shares.
    (b) Compromise. Compromise with one debtor does not release a claim 
against remaining debtors. Furthermore, CMS will not consider the amount 
of a compromise with one debtor to be a binding precedent concerning the 
amounts due from other debtors who are jointly and severally liable on 
the claim.



Sec. 401.625  Effect of CMS claims collection decisions on appeals.

    Any action taken under this subpart regarding the compromise of a 
claim, or suspension or termination of collection action on a claim, is 
not an initial determination for purposes of CMS appeal procedures.



PART 402_CIVIL MONEY PENALTIES, ASSESSMENTS, AND EXCLUSIONS--Table of Contents




                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
402.1 Basis and scope.
402.3 Definitions.
402.5 Right to a hearing before the final determination.
402.7 Notice of proposed determination.
402.9 Failure to request a hearing.
402.11 Notice to other agencies and other entities.
402.13 Penalty, assessment, and exclusion not exclusive.
402.15 Collateral estoppel.
402.17 Settlement.
402.19 Hearings and appeals.
402.21 Judicial review.

             Subpart B_Civil Money Penalties and Assessments

402.105 Amount of penalty.
402.107 Amount of assessment.
402.109 Statistical sampling.
402.111 Factors considered determinations regarding the amount of 
          penalties and assessments.
402.113 When a penalty and assessment are collectible.
402.115 Collection of penalty or assessment.

Subpart C--Exclusions [Reserved]

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh).

    Source: 63 FR 68690, Dec. 14, 1998, unless otherwise noted.



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec. 402.1  Basis and scope.

    (a) Basis. This part is based on the sections of the Act that are 
specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (b) Scope. This part--
    (1) Provides for the imposition of civil money penalties, 
assessments, and exclusions against persons that violate the provisions 
of the Act specified in paragraph (c), (d), or (e) of this section; and
    (2) Sets forth the appeal rights of persons subject to penalties, 
assessments, or exclusion and the procedures for reinstatement following 
exclusion.
    (c) Civil money penalties. CMS or OIG may impose civil money 
penalties against any person or other entity specified in paragraphs 
(c)(1) through (c)(33) of this section under the identified section of 
the Act. (The authorities that also permit imposition of an assessment 
or exclusion are noted in the applicable paragraphs.)
    (1) Sections 1833(h)(5)(D) and 1842(j)(2)--Any person that knowingly 
and willfully, and on a repeated basis, bills for a clinical diagnostic 
laboratory test, other than on an assignment-related basis. This 
provision includes tests performed in a physician's office but excludes 
tests performed in a rural health clinic. (This violation may also 
include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (2) Section 1833(i)(6)--Any person that knowingly and willfully 
presents, or causes to be presented, a bill or request for payment for 
an intraocular lens inserted during or after cataract surgery for which 
the Medicare payment rate includes the cost of acquiring the class of 
lens involved.
    (3) Section 1833(q)(2)(B)--Any entity that knowingly and willfully 
fails to provide information about a referring physician, including the 
physician's name and unique physician identification number for the 
referring physician, when seeking payment on an unassigned basis. (This 
violation, if it occurs in repeated cases, may also cause an exclusion.)
    (4) Sections 1834(a)(11)(A) and 1842(j)(2)--Any durable medical 
equipment supplier that knowingly and willfully charges for a covered 
service that

[[Page 24]]

is furnished on a rental basis after the rental payments may no longer 
be made (except for maintenance and servicing) as provided in section 
1834(a)(7)(A). (This violation may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.)
    (5) Sections 1834(a)(18)(B) and 1842(j)(2)--Any nonparticipating 
durable medical equipment supplier that knowingly and willfully, in 
violation of section 1834(a)(18)(A), fails to make a refund to Medicare 
beneficiaries for a covered service for which payment is precluded due 
to an unsolicited telephone contact from the supplier. (This violation 
may also include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (6) Sections 1834(b)(5)(C) and 1842(j)(2)--Any nonparticipating 
physician or supplier that knowingly and willfully charges a Medicare 
beneficiary more than the limiting charge, as specified in section 
1834(b)(5)(B), for radiologist services. (This violation may also 
include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (7) Sections 1834(c)(4)(C) and 1842(j)(2)--Any nonparticipating 
physician or supplier that knowingly and willfully charges a Medicare 
beneficiary more than the limiting charge, as specified in section 
1834(c)(4)(B), for mammography screening. (This violation may also 
include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (8) Sections 1834(h)(3) and 1842(j)(2)--Any supplier of prosthetic 
devices, orthotics, and prosthetics that knowingly and willfully charges 
for a covered prosthetic device, orthotic, or prosthetic that is 
furnished on a rental basis after the rental payment may no longer be 
made (except for maintenance and servicing). (This violation may also 
include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (9) Section 1834(j)(2)(A)(iii)--Any supplier of durable medical 
equipment, including a supplier of prosthetic devices, prosthetics, 
orthotics, or supplies, that knowingly and willfully distributes a 
certificate of medical necessity in violation of section 
1834(j)(2)(A)(i) or fails to provide the information required under 
section 1834(j)(2)(A)(ii).
    (10) Sections 1834(j)(4) and 1842(j)(2)--
    (i) Any supplier of durable medical equipment, including a supplier 
of prosthetic devices, prosthetics, orthotics, or supplies, that 
knowingly and willfully fails to make refunds in a timely manner to 
Medicare beneficiaries for services billed other than on an assignment-
related basis if--
    (A) The supplier does not possess a Medicare supplier number;
    (B) The service is denied in advance under section 1834(a)(15); or
    (C) The service is determined not to be medically necessary or 
reasonable.
    (ii) These violations may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (11) Sections 1842(b)(18)(B) and 1842(j)(2)--Any practitioner 
specified in section 1842(b)(18)(C) (physician assistants, nurse 
practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified registered nurse 
anesthetists, certified nurse-midwives, clinical social workers, and 
clinical psychologists) or other person that knowingly and willfully 
bills or collects for any services by the practitioners on other than an 
assignment-related basis. (This violation may also include an assessment 
and cause exclusion.)
    (12) Sections 1842(k) and 1842(j)(2)--Any physician who knowingly 
and willfully presents, or causes to be presented, a claim or bill for 
an assistant at cataract surgery performed on or after March 1, 1987 for 
which payment may not be made because of section 1862(a)(15). (This 
violation may also include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (13) Sections 1842(l)(3) and 1842(j)(2)--Any nonparticipating 
physician who does not accept payment on an assignment-related basis and 
who knowingly and willfully fails to refund on a timely basis any 
amounts collected for services that are not reasonable or medically 
necessary or are of poor quality, in accordance with section 
1842(l)(1)(A). (This violation may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.)
    (14) Sections 1842(m)(3) and 1842(j)(2)--(i) Any nonparticipating 
physician, who does not accept payment for an elective surgical 
procedure on an assignment-related basis and whose charge is at least 
$500, who knowingly and willfully fails to--

[[Page 25]]

    (A) Disclose the information required by section 1842(m)(1) 
concerning charges and coinsurance amounts; and
    (B) Refund on a timely basis any amount collected for the procedure 
in excess of the charges recognized and approved by the Medicare 
program.
    (ii) This violation may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (15) Sections 1842(n)(3) and 1842(j)(2)--Any physician who knowingly 
and willfully, in repeated cases, bills one or more beneficiaries, for 
purchased diagnostic tests, any amount other than the payment amount 
specified in section 1842(n)(1)(A) or section 1842(n)(1)(B). (This 
violation may also include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (16) Section 1842(p)(3)(A)--Any physician or practitioner who 
knowingly and willfully fails promptly to provide the appropriate 
diagnosis code or codes upon request by CMS or a carrier on any request 
for payment or bill not submitted on an assignment-related basis for any 
service furnished by the physician. (This violation, if it occurs in 
repeated cases, may also cause exclusion.)
    (17) Sections 1848(g)(1)(B) and 1842(j)(2)--
    (i) Any nonparticipating physician, supplier, or other person that 
furnishes physicians' services and does not accept payment on an 
assignment-related basis, that--
    (A) Knowingly and willfully bills or collects in excess of the 
limiting charge (as defined in section 1848(g)(2)) on a repeated basis; 
or
    (B) Fails to make an adjustment or refund on a timely basis as 
required by section 1848(g)(1)(A)(iii) or (iv).
    (ii) These violations may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (18) Section 1848(g)(3)(B) and 1842(j)(2)--Any person that knowingly 
and willfully bills for State plan approved physicians' services, as 
defined in section 1848(j)(3), on other than an assignment-related basis 
for a Medicare beneficiary who is also eligible for Medicaid (these 
individuals include qualified Medicare beneficiaries). This provision 
applies to services furnished on or after April 1, 1990. (This violation 
may also include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (19) Section 1848(g)(4)(B)(ii), 1842(p)(3), and 1842(j)(2)(A)--
    (i) Any physician, supplier, or other person (except any person that 
has been excluded from the Medicare program) that, for services 
furnished after September 1, 1990, knowingly and willfully--
    (A) Fails to submit a claim on a standard claim form for services 
provided for which payment is made under Part B on a reasonable charge 
or fee schedule basis; or
    (B) Imposes a charge for completing and submitting the standard 
claims form.
    (ii) These violations, if they occur in repeated cases, may also 
cause exclusion.
    (20) Section 1862(b)(5)(C)--Any employer (other than a Federal or 
other governmental agency) that, before October 1, 1998, willfully or 
repeatedly fails to provide timely and accurate information requested 
relating to an employee's group health insurance coverage.
    (21) Section 1862(b)(6)(B)--Any entity that knowingly, willfully, 
and repeatedly--
    (i) Fails to complete a claim form relating to the availability of 
other health benefit plans in accordance with section 1862(b)(6)(A); or
    (ii) Provides inaccurate information relating to the availability of 
other health benefit plans on the claim form.
    (22) Section 1877(g)(5)--Any person that fails to report information 
required by HHS under section 1877(f) concerning ownership, investment, 
and compensation arrangements. (This violation may also include an 
assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (23) Sections 1879(h), 1834(a)(18), and 1842(j)(2)--
    (i) Any durable medical equipment supplier, including a supplier of 
prosthetic devices, prosthetics, orthotics, or supplies, that knowingly 
and willfully fails to make refunds in a timely manner to Medicare 
beneficiaries for services billed on an assignment-related basis if--
    (A) The supplier did not possess a Medicare supplier number;
    (B) The service is denied in advance under section 1834(a)(15) of 
the Act; or

[[Page 26]]

    (C) The service is determined not to be payable under section 
1834(a)(17)(b) because of unsolicited telephone contacts.
    (ii) These violations may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (24) Section 1882(a)(2)--Any person that issues a Medicare 
supplemental policy that has not been approved by the State regulatory 
program or does not meet Federal standards on and after the effective 
date in section 1882(p)(1)(C). (This violation may also include an 
assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (25) Section 1882(p)(8)--Any person that sells or issues Medicare 
supplemental policies, on or after July 30, 1992, that fail to conform 
to the NAIC or Federal standards established under section 1882(p). 
(This violation may also include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (26) Section 1882(p)(9)(C)--
    (i) Any person that sells a Medicare supplemental policy and--
    (A) Fails to make available for sale the core group of basic 
benefits when selling other Medicare supplemental policies with 
additional benefits; or
    (B) Fails to provide the individual, before the sale of the policy, 
an outline of coverage describing the benefits provided by the policy.
    (ii) These violations may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (27) Section 1882(q)(5)(C)--
    (i) Any person that fails to--
    (A) Suspend a Medicare supplemental policy at the policyholder's 
request, if the policyholder applies for and is determined eligible for 
medical assistance, and the policyholder provides notice within 90 days 
of the eligibility determination; or
    (B) Automatically reinstate the policy as of the date of termination 
of medical assistance if the policyholder loses eligibility for medical 
assistance and the policyholder provides notice within 90 days of loss 
of eligibility.
    (ii) These violations may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (28) Section 1882(r)(6)(A)--Any person that fails to provide refunds 
or credits as required by section 1882(r)(1)(B). (This violation may 
also include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (29) Section 1882(s)(4)--
    (i) Any issuer of a Medicare supplemental policy that--
    (A) Does not waive any time periods applicable to preexisting 
conditions, waiting periods, elimination periods, or probationary 
periods if the time periods were already satisfied under a preceding 
Medicare supplemental policy; or
    (B) Denies a policy, conditions the issuance or effectiveness of the 
policy, or discriminates in the pricing of the policy based on health 
status or other criteria as specified in section 1882(s)(2)(A).
    (ii) These violations may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (30) Section 1882(t)(2)--
    (i) Any issuer of a Medicare supplemental policy that--
    (A) Fails substantially to provide medically necessary services to 
enrollees seeking the services through the issuer's network of entities;
    (B) Imposes premiums on enrollees in excess of the premiums approved 
by the State;
    (C) Acts to expel an enrollee for reasons other than nonpayment of 
premiums; or
    (D) Does not provide each enrollee at the time of enrollment with 
the specific information provided in section 1882(t)(1)(E)(i) or fails 
to obtain a written acknowledgment from the enrollee of receipt of the 
information (as required by section 1882(t)(1)(E)(ii)).
    (ii) These violations may also include an assessment and cause 
exclusion.
    (31) Sections 1834(k)(6) and 1842(j)(2)--Any person or entity who 
knowingly and willfully bills or collects for any outpatient therapy 
services or comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation services on other 
than an assignment-related basis. (This violation may also include an 
assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (32) Sections 1834(l)(6) and 1842(j)(2)--Any supplier of ambulance 
services who knowingly and willfully bills or collects for any services 
on other than an assignment-related basis. (This violation may also 
include an assessment and cause exclusion.)
    (33) Section 1806(b)(2)(B)--Any person who knowingly and willfully 
fails to furnish a beneficiary with an itemized

[[Page 27]]

statement of items or services within 30 days of the beneficiary's 
request.
    (d) Assessments. CMS or OIG may impose assessments in addition to 
civil money penalties for violations of the following statutory 
sections:
    (1) Section 1833: Paragraph (h)(5)(D).
    (2) Section 1834: Paragraphs (a)(11)(A), (a)(18)(B), (b)(5)(C), 
(c)(4)(C), (h)(3), (j)(4), (k)(6), and (l)(6).
    (3) Section 1842: Paragraphs (k), (l)(3), (m)(3), and (n)(3).
    (4) Section 1848: Paragraph (g)(1)(B).
    (5) Section 1877: Paragraph (g)(5).
    (6) Section 1879: Paragraph (h).
    (7) Section 1882: Paragraphs (a)(2), (p)(8), (p)(9)(C), (q)(5)(C), 
(r)(6)(A), (s)(3), and (t)(2).
    (e) Exclusions. (1) CMS or OIG may exclude any person from 
participation in the Medicare program on the basis of any of the 
following violations of the statute:
    (i) Section 1833: Paragraphs (h)(5)(D) and, in repeated cases, 
(q)(2)(B).
    (ii) Section 1834: Paragraphs (a)(11)(A), (a)(18)(B), (b)(5)(C), 
(c)(4)(C), (h)(3), (j)(4), (k)(6), and (l)(6).
    (iii) Section 1842: Paragraphs (b)(18)(B), (k), (l)(3), (m)(3), 
(n)(3), and, in repeated cases, (p)(3)(B).
    (iv) Section 1848: Paragraphs (g)(1)(B), (g)(3)(B), and, in repeated 
cases, (g)(4)(B)(ii).
    (v) Section 1877: Paragraph (g)(5).
    (vi) Section 1879: Paragraph (h).
    (vii) Section 1882: Paragraphs (a)(2), (p)(8), (p)(9)(C), (q)(5)(C), 
(r)(6)(A), (s)(4), and (t)(2).
    (2) CMS or OIG must exclude from participation in the Medicare 
program any of the following, under the identified section of the Act:
    (i) Section 1834(a)(17)(C)--Any supplier of durable medical 
equipment and supplies that are covered under section 1834(a)(13) that 
knowingly contacts Medicare beneficiaries by telephone regarding the 
furnishing of covered services in violation of section 1834(a)(17)(A) 
and whose conduct establishes a pattern of prohibited contacts as 
described under section 1834(a)(17)(A).
    (ii) Section 1834(h)(3)--Any supplier of prosthetic devices, 
orthotics, and prosthetics that knowingly contacts Medicare 
beneficiaries by telephone regarding the furnishing of prosthetic 
devices, orthotics, or prosthetics in the same manner as in the 
violation under section 1834(a)(17)(A) and whose conduct establishes a 
pattern of prohibited contacts in the same manner as described in 
section 1834(a)(17)(C).
    (f) Responsible persons. (1) If CMS or OIG determines that more than 
one person is responsible for any of the violations described in 
paragraph (c) or paragraph (d) of this section, it may impose a civil 
money penalty or a civil money penalty and assessment against any one of 
those persons or jointly and severally against two or more of those 
persons. However, the aggregate amount of the assessments collected may 
not exceed the amount that could be assessed if only one person were 
responsible.
    (2) A principal is liable for penalties and assessments for the 
actions of his or her agent acting within the scope of the agency.
    (g) Time limits. Neither CMS nor OIG initiates an action to impose a 
civil money penalty, assessment, or proceeding to exclude a person from 
participation in the Medicare program unless it begins the action within 
6 years from the date on which the claim was presented, the request for 
payment was made, or the incident occurred.

[63 FR 68690, Dec. 14, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 49546, Sept. 28, 2001]



Sec. 402.3  Definitions.

    For purposes of this part:
    Assessment means the amount described in Sec. 402.107 and includes 
the plural of that term.
    Assignment-related basis means that the claim submitted by a 
physician, supplier or other person is paid on the basis of an 
assignment, whereby the physician, supplier or other person agrees to 
accept the Medicare payment as payment in full for the services 
furnished to the beneficiary and is precluded from charging the 
beneficiary more than the deductible and coinsurance based upon the 
approved Medicare fee amount. Additional obligations, including 
obligations to make refunds in certain circumstances, are established at 
section 1842(b)(3) of the Act.
    Claim means an application for payment for a service for which the 
Medicare or Medicaid program may pay.

[[Page 28]]

    Covered means that a service is described as reasonable and 
necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to 
improve the functioning of a malformed body member. A service is not 
covered if it is specifically identified as excluded from Medicare Part 
B coverage or is not a defined Medicare Part B benefit.
    Exclusion means the temporary or permanent barring of a person or 
other entity from participation in the Medicare or State health care 
program and that services furnished or ordered by that person are not 
paid for under either program.
    General Counsel means the General Counsel of HHS or his or her 
designees.
    Knowingly or knowingly and willfully means that a person, with 
respect to information--
    (1) Has actual knowledge of the information;
    (2) Acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the 
information; or
    (3) Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the 
information; and
    (4) No proof of specific intent is required.
    Medicare supplemental policy means a policy guaranteeing that a 
health plan will pay a policyholder's coinsurance and deductible and 
will cover other limitations on payment imposed under title XVIII of the 
Act and will provide additional health plan or non-Medicare coverage for 
services up to a predefined benefit limit.
    NAIC stands for the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
    Nonparticipating describes a physician, supplier, or other person 
(excluding any provider of services) that, at the time of furnishing the 
services to Medicare Part B beneficiaries, is not a participating 
physician or supplier.
    Participating describes a physician or supplier (excluding any 
provider of services) that, before the beginning of any given year, 
enters into an agreement with HHS that provides that the physician or 
supplier will accept payment under the Medicare program on an 
assignment-related basis for all services furnished to Medicare Part B 
beneficiaries.
    Penalty means the amount described in Sec. 402.105 and includes the 
plural of that term.
    Person means an individual, trust or estate, partnership, 
corporation, professional association or corporation, or other entity, 
public or private.
    Physicians' services means the following Medicare covered 
professional services:
    (1) Surgery, consultation, home, office and institutional calls, and 
other professional services performed by physicians.
    (2) Services and supplies furnished ``incident to'' a physician's 
professional services.
    (3) Outpatient physical and occupational therapy services.
    (4) Diagnostic x-ray tests and other diagnostic tests (excluding 
clinical diagnostic laboratory tests).
    (5) X-ray, radium, and radioactive isotope therapy, including 
materials and services of technicians.
    (6) Antigens prepared by a physician.
    Radiologist service means radiology services performed only by, or 
under the direction of, a physician who is certified, or eligible to be 
certified, by the American Board of Radiology or for whom radiology 
services account for at least 50 percent of the total amount of charges 
made under part B of title XVIII of the Act.
    Request for payment means an application submitted by a person to 
any person for payment for a service.
    Respondent means the person upon which CMS or OIG has imposed, or 
proposes to impose, a civil money penalty, assessment, or exclusion.
    Service includes--
    (1) Any item, device, medical supply, or service claimed to have 
been furnished to a patient and listed in an itemized claim for program 
payment; or
    (2) In the case of a claim based on costs, any entry or omission in 
a cost report, books of account or other documents supporting the claim.
    State includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin 
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
    Timely basis means that the adjustment to a bill or a refund is 
considered ``on a timely basis'' if the physician, supplier, or other 
person makes the adjustment or refund to the appropriate

[[Page 29]]

party no later than 30 days after the date the physician, supplier, or 
other person is notified by the Medicare Part B contractor of the 
violation and the requirement to refund any excess collections.



Sec. 402.5  Right to a hearing before the final determination.

    CMS or OIG does not make a determination adverse to any person under 
this part until the person has been given a written notice and 
opportunity for the determination to be made on the record after a 
hearing at which the person is entitled to be represented by counsel, to 
present witnesses, and to cross-examine witnesses against the person.



Sec. 402.7  Notice of proposed determination.

    (a) If CMS or OIG proposes a penalty and, as applicable, an 
assessment, or proposes to exclude a respondent from participation in 
Medicare in accordance with this part, it sends the respondent written 
notice of its intent by certified mail, return receipt requested. The 
notice includes the following information:
    (1) Reference to the statutory basis or bases for the penalty, 
assessment, exclusion, or any combination, as applicable.
    (2)(i) A description of the claims, requests for payment, or 
incidents with respect to which the penalty, assessment, and exclusion 
are proposed; or
    (ii) If CMS or OIG is relying upon statistical sampling to project 
the number and types of claims or requests for payment and the dollar 
amount, a description of the claims and requests for payment comprising 
the sample and a brief description of the statistical sampling technique 
CMS or OIG used.
    (3) The reason why the claims, requests for payment, or incidents 
are subject to a penalty and assessment.
    (4) The amount of the proposed penalty and of any proposed 
assessment.
    (5) Any mitigating or aggravating circumstances that CMS or OIG 
considered when it determined the amount of the proposed penalty and any 
applicable assessment.
    (6) Information concerning response to the notice, including--
    (i) A specific statement of the respondent's right to a hearing; and
    (ii) A statement that failure to request a hearing within 60 days 
renders the proposed determination final and permits the imposition of 
the proposed penalty and any assessment.
    (iii) A statement that the debt may be collected through an 
administrative offset.
    (7) In the case of a respondent that has an agreement under section 
1866 of the Act, notice that imposition of an exclusion may result in 
termination of the provider's agreement in accordance with section 
1866(b)(2)(C) of the Act.



Sec. 402.9  Failure to request a hearing.

    (a) If the respondent does not request a hearing within 60 days of 
receipt of the notice of proposed determination specified in Sec. 
402.7, any civil money penalty, assessment, or exclusion becomes final 
and CMS or OIG may impose the proposed penalty, assessment, or 
exclusion, or any less severe penalty, assessment, or suspension.
    (b) CMS or OIG notifies the respondent by certified mail, return 
receipt requested, of any penalty, assessment, or exclusion that has 
been imposed and of the means by which the respondent may satisfy the 
judgment.
    (c) The respondent has no right to appeal a penalty, assessment, or 
exclusion for which he or she has not requested a hearing.



Sec. 402.11  Notice to other agencies and other entities.

    (a) Whenever a penalty, assessment, or exclusion becomes final, CMS 
or OIG notifies the following organizations and entities about the 
action and the reasons for it:
    (1) The appropriate State or local medical or professional 
association.
    (2) The appropriate quality improvement organization.
    (3) As appropriate, the State agency responsible for the 
administration of each State health care program (Medicaid, the Maternal 
and Child Health Services Block Grant Program, and the Social Services 
Block Grant Program).
    (4) The appropriate Medicare carrier or fiscal intermediary.

[[Page 30]]

    (5) The appropriate State or local licensing agency or organization 
(including the Medicare and Medicaid State survey agencies).
    (6) The long-term care ombudsman.
    (b) For exclusions, CMS or OIG also notifies the public and 
specifies the effective date.



Sec. 402.13  Penalty, assessment, and exclusion not exclusive.

    Penalties, assessments, and exclusions imposed under this part are 
in addition to any other penalties prescribed by law.



Sec. 402.15  Collateral estoppel.

    (a) When a final determination that the respondent presented or 
caused to be presented a claim or request for payment falling within the 
scope of Sec. 402.1 has been rendered in any proceeding in which the 
respondent was a party and had an opportunity to be heard, the 
respondent is bound by that determination in any proceeding under this 
part.
    (b) A person who has been convicted (whether upon a verdict after 
trial or upon a plea of guilty or nolo contendere) of a Federal crime 
charging fraud or false statements is barred from denying the essential 
elements of the criminal offense if the proceedings under this part 
involve the same transactions.



Sec. 402.17  Settlement.

    CMS or OIG has exclusive authority to settle any issues or case, 
without the consent of the ALJ or the Secretary, at any time before a 
final decision by the Secretary. Thereafter, the General Counsel has the 
exclusive authority.



Sec. 402.19  Hearings and appeals.

    The hearings and appeals procedures set forth in part 1005 of 
chapter V of this title are available to any person that receives an 
adverse determination under this part. For an appeal of a civil money 
penalty, assessment, or exclusion imposed under this part, either CMS or 
OIG may represent the government in the hearing and appeals process.



Sec. 402.21  Judicial review.

    After exhausting all available administrative remedies, a respondent 
may seek judicial review of a penalty, assessment, or exclusion that has 
become final. The respondent may seek review only with respect to a 
penalty, assessment, or exclusion with respect to which the respondent 
filed an exception under Sec. 1005.21(c) of this title unless the court 
excuses the failure or neglect to urge the exception in accordance with 
section 1128A(e) of the Act because of extraordinary circumstances.



             Subpart B_Civil Money Penalties and Assessments



Sec. 402.105  Amount of penalty.

    (a) $2,000. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this 
section, CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $2,000 for 
each service, bill, or refusal to issue a timely refund that is subject 
to a determination under this part and for each incident involving the 
knowing, willful, and repeated failure of an entity furnishing a service 
to submit a properly completed claim form or to include on the claim 
form accurate information regarding the availability of other health 
insurance benefit plans (Sec. 402.1(c)(21)).
    (b) $1,000. CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $1,000 
for the following:
    (1) Per certificate of medical necessity knowingly and willfully 
distributed to physicians on or after December 31, 1994 that--
    (i) Contains information concerning the medical condition of the 
patient; or
    (ii) Fails to include cost information.
    (2) Per individual about whom information is requested, for willful 
or repeated failure of an employer to respond to an intermediary or 
carrier about coverage of an employee or spouse under the employer's 
group health plan (Sec. 402.1(c)(20)).
    (c) $5,000. CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $5,000 
for each violation resulting from the following:
    (1) The failure of a Medicare supplemental policy issuer, on a 
replacement

[[Page 31]]

policy, to waive any time periods applicable to pre-existing conditions, 
waiting periods, elimination periods, or probationary periods that were 
satisfied under a preceding policy (Sec. 402.1(c)(29)); and
    (2) Any issuer of any Medicare supplemental policy denying a policy, 
conditioning the issuance or effectiveness of the policy, or 
discriminating in the pricing of the policy based on health status or 
other criteria as specified in section 1882(s)(2)(A). (Sec. 
402.1(c)(29)).
    (d) $10,000. (1) CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than 
$10,000 for each day that reporting entity ownership arrangements is 
late (Sec. 402.1(c)(22)).
    (2) CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $10,000 for the 
following violations that occur on or after January 1, 1997:
    (i) Knowingly and willfully, and on a repeated basis, billing for a 
clinical diagnostic laboratory test, other than on an assignment-related 
basis (Sec. 402.1(c)(1)).
    (ii) By any durable medical equipment supplier, knowingly and 
willfully charging for a covered service that is furnished on a rental 
basis after the rental payments may no longer be made (except for 
maintenance and servicing) as provided in section 1834(a)(7)(A) (Sec. 
402.1(c)(4)).
    (iii) By any durable medical equipment supplier, knowingly and 
willfully, in violation of section 1834(a)(18)(A), failing to make a 
refund to Medicare beneficiaries for a covered service for which payment 
is precluded due to an unsolicited telephone contact from the supplier 
(Sec. 402.1(c)(5)).
    (iv) By any nonparticipating physician or supplier, knowingly and 
willfully charging a Medicare beneficiary more than the limiting charge, 
as specified in section 1834(b)(5)(B), for radiologist services (Sec. 
402.1(c)(6)).
    (v) By any nonparticipating physician or supplier, knowingly and 
willfully charging a Medicare beneficiary more than the limiting charge, 
as specified in section 1834(c)(3), for mammography screening (Sec. 
402.1(c)(7)).
    (vi) By any supplier of prosthetic devices, orthotics, and 
prosthetics, knowingly and willfully charging for a covered prosthetic 
device, orthotic, or prosthetic that is furnished on a rental basis 
after the rental payment may no longer be made (except for maintenance 
and servicing) (Sec. 401.2(c)(8)).
    (vii) By any supplier of durable medical equipment, including a 
supplier of prosthetic devices, prosthetics, orthotics, or supplies, 
knowingly and willfully failing to make refunds in a timely manner to 
Medicare beneficiaries for services billed other than on an assigned-
related basis if--
    (A) The supplier does not possess a Medicare supplier number;
    (B) The service is denied in advance; or
    (C) The service is determined not to be medically necessary or 
reasonable (Sec. 402.1(c)(10)).
    (viii) Knowingly and willfully billing or collecting for any 
services on other than an assignment-related basis for practitioners 
specified in section 1842(b)(18)(B) (Sec. 402.1(c)(11)).
    (xix) By any physician, knowingly and willfully presenting, or 
causing to be presented, a claim or bill for an assistant at cataract 
surgery performed on or after March 1, 1987 for which payment may not be 
made because of section 1862(a)(15) (Sec. 402.1(c)(12)).
    (x) By any nonparticipating physician who does not accept payment on 
an assignment-related basis, knowingly and willfully failing to refund 
on a timely basis any amounts collected for services that are not 
reasonable or medically necessary or are of poor quality, in accordance 
with section 1842(l)(1)(A) (Sec. 402.1(c)(13)).
    (xi) By any nonparticipating physician, who does not accept payment 
for an elective surgical procedure on an assignment-related basis and 
whose charge is at least $500, knowingly and willfully failing to--
    (A) Disclose the information required by section 1842(m)(1) 
concerning charges and coinsurance amounts; and
    (B) Refund on a timely basis any amount collected for the procedure 
in excess of the charges recognized and approved by the Medicare program 
(Sec. 402.1(c)(14)).
    (xii) By any physician, in repeated cases, knowingly and willfully 
billing one or more beneficiaries, for purchased diagnostic tests, any 
amount

[[Page 32]]

other than the payment amount specified in section 1842(n)(1)(A) or 
section 1842(n)(1)(B) (Sec. 402.1(c)(15)).
    (xiii) By any nonparticipating physician, supplier, or other person 
that furnishes physicians' services and does not accept payment on an 
assignment-related basis--
    (A) Knowingly and willfully billing or collecting in excess of the 
limiting charge (as defined in section 1843(g)(2)) on a repeated basis; 
or
    (B) Failing to make an adjustment or refund on a timely basis as 
required by section 1848(g)(1)(A)(iii) or (iv) (Sec. 402.1(c)(17)).
    (xiv) Knowingly and willfully billing for State plan approved 
physicians' services on other than an assignment-related basis for a 
Medicare beneficiary who is also eligible for Medicaid (Sec. 
402.1(c)(18)).
    (xv) By any supplier of durable medical equipment, including a 
supplier of prosthetic devices, prosthetics, orthotics, or supplies, 
knowingly and willfully failing to make refunds in a timely manner to 
Medicare beneficiaries for services billed on an assignment-related 
basis if--
    (A) The supplier did not possess a Medicare supplier number;
    (B) The service is denied in advance; or
    (C) The service is determined not to be medically necessary or 
reasonable (Sec. 402.1(c)(23)).
    (3) CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $10,000 for 
each violation, if a person or entity knowingly and willfully bills or 
collects for outpatient therapy or comprehensive rehabilitation services 
other than on an assignment-related basis.
    (4) CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $10,000 for 
each violation, if a person or entity knowingly and willfully bills or 
collects for outpatient ambulance services other than on an assignment-
related basis.
    (e) $15,000. CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than 
$15,000 if the seller of a Medicare supplemental policy is not the 
issuer, for each violation described in paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(3) of 
this section (Sec. 402.1 (c)(25) and (c)(26)).
    (f) $25,000. CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than 
$25,000 for each of the following violations:
    (1) Issuance of a Medicare supplemental policy that has not been 
approved by an approved State regulatory program or does not meet 
Federal standards on and after the effective date in section 
1882(p)(1)(C) of the Act (Sec. 402.1(c)(23)).
    (2) Sale or issuance after July 30, 1992, of a Medicare supplemental 
policy that fails to conform with the NAIC or Federal standards 
established under section 1882(p) of the Act (Sec. 402.1(c)(25)).
    (3) Failure to make the core group of basic benefits available for 
sale when selling other Medicare supplemental plans with additional 
benefits (Sec. 402.1(c)(26)).
    (4) Failure to provide, before sale of a Medicare supplemental 
policy, an outline of coverage describing the benefits provided by the 
policy (Sec. 402.1(c)(26)).
    (5) Failure of an issuer of a policy to suspend or reinstate a 
policy, based on the policy holder's request, during entitlement to or 
upon loss of eligibility for medical assistance (Sec. 402.1(c)(27)).
    (6) Failure to provide refunds or credits for Medicare supplemental 
policies as required by section 1882(r)(1)(B) (Sec. 402.1(c)(28)).
    (7) By an issuer of a Medicare supplemental policy--
    (i) Substantial failure to provide medically necessary services to 
enrollees seeking the services through the issuer's network of entities;
    (ii) Imposition of premiums on enrollees in excess of the premiums 
approved by the State;
    (iii) Action to expel an enrollee for reasons other than nonpayment 
of premiums; or
    (iv) Failure to provide each enrollee, at the time of enrollment, 
with the specific information provided in section 1882(t)(1)(E)(i) or 
failure to obtain a written acknowledgment from the enrollee of receipt 
of the information (as required by section 1882(t)(1)(E)(ii)) (section 
1882(t)(2)).
    (g) $100. CMS or OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $100 for 
each violation if the person or entity does not furnish an itemized 
statement to a

[[Page 33]]

Medicare beneficiary within 30 days of the beneficiary's request.

[63 FR 68690, Dec. 14, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 49546, Sept. 28, 2001]



Sec. 402.107  Amount of assessment.

    A person subject to civil money penalties specified in Sec. 
402.1(c) may be subject, in addition, to an assessment. An assessment is 
a monetary payment in lieu of damages sustained by HHS or a State 
agency.
    (a) The assessment may not be more than twice the amount claimed for 
each service that was a basis for the civil money penalty, except for 
the violations specified in paragraph (b) of this section that occur 
before January 1, 1997.
    (b) For the violations specified in this paragraph occurring after 
January 1, 1997, the assessment may not be more than three times the 
amount claimed for each service that was the basis for a civil money 
penalty. The violations are the following:
    (1) Knowingly and willfully billing, and on a repeated basis, for a 
clinical diagnostic laboratory test, other than on an assignment-related 
basis (Sec. 402.1(c)(1)).
    (2) By any durable medical equipment supplier, knowingly and 
willfully charging for a covered service that is furnished on a rental 
basis after the rental payments may no longer be made (except for 
maintenance and servicing) as provided in section 1834(a)(7)(A) (Sec. 
402.1(c)(4)).
    (3) By any durable medical equipment supplier, knowingly and 
willfully failing, in violation of section 1834(a)(18)(A), to make a 
refund to Medicare beneficiaries for a covered service for which payment 
is precluded due to an unsolicited telephone contact from the supplier 
(Sec. 402.1(c)(5)).
    (4) By any nonparticipating physician or supplier, knowingly and 
willfully charging a Medicare beneficiary more than the limiting charge, 
as specified in section 1834(b)(5)(B), for radiologist services (Sec. 
402.1(c)(6)).
    (5) By any nonparticipating physician or supplier, knowingly and 
willfully charging a Medicare beneficiary more than the limiting charge 
as specified in section 1834(c)(3), for mammography screening (Sec. 
402.1(c)(7)).
    (6) By any supplier of prosthetic devices, orthotics, and 
prosthetics, knowingly and willfully charging for a covered prosthetic 
device, orthotic, or prosthetic that is furnished on a rental basis 
after the rental payment may no longer be made (except for maintenance 
and servicing) (Sec. 401.2(c)(8)).
    (7) By any supplier of durable medical equipment, including a 
supplier of prosthetic devices, prosthetics, orthotics, or supplies, 
knowingly and willfully failing to make refunds in a timely manner to 
Medicare beneficiaries for services billed other than on an assignment-
related basis if--
    (i) The supplier does not possess a Medicare supplier number;
    (ii) The service is denied in advance; or
    (iii) The service is determined not to be medically necessary or 
reasonable (Sec. 402.1(c)(10)).
    (8) Knowingly and willfully billing or collecting for any services 
on other than an assignment-related basis for a person or entity 
specified in sections 1834(k)(6), 1834(l)(6), or 1842(b)(18)(B) (Sec. 
402.1(c)(11), (c)(31), or (c)(32)).
    (9) By any physician, knowingly and willfully presenting, or causing 
to be presented, a claim or bill for an assistant at cataract surgery 
performed on or after March 1, 1987 for which payment may not be made 
because of section 1862(a)(15) (Sec. 402.1(c)(12)).
    (10) By any nonparticipating physician who does not accept payment 
on an assignment-related basis, knowingly and willfully failing to 
refund on a timely basis any amounts collected for services that are not 
reasonable or medically necessary or are of poor quality, in accordance 
with section 1842(l)(1)(A) (Sec. 402.1(c)(13)).
    (11) By any nonparticipating physician, who does not accept payment 
for an elective surgical procedure on an assignment-related basis and 
whose charge is at least $500, knowingly and willfully failing to--
    (i) Disclose the information required by section 1842(m)(1) 
concerning charges and coinsurance amounts; and
    (ii) Refund on a timely basis any amount collected for the procedure 
in excess of the charges recognized and approved by the Medicare program 
(Sec. 402.1(c)(14)).

[[Page 34]]

    (12) By any physician, in repeated cases, knowingly and willfully 
billing one or more beneficiaries, for purchased diagnostic tests, any 
amount other than the payment amount specified in section 1842(n)(1)(A) 
or section 1842(n)(1)(B) (Sec. 402.1(c)(15)).
    (13) By any nonparticipating physician, supplier, or other person 
that furnishes physicians' services and does not accept payment on an 
assignment-related basis--
    (i) Knowingly and willfully billing or collecting in excess of the 
limiting charge (as defined in section 1843(g)(2)) on a repeated basis; 
or
    (ii) Failing to make an adjustment or refund on a timely basis as 
required by section 1848(g)(1)(A) (iii) or (iv) (Sec. 402.1(c)(17)).
    (14) Knowingly and willfully billing for State plan approved 
physicians' services on other than an assignment-related basis for a 
Medicare beneficiary who is also eligible for Medicaid (Sec. 
402.1(c)(18)).
    (15) By any supplier of durable medical equipment, including 
suppliers of prosthetic devices, prosthetics, orthotics, or supplies, 
knowingly and willfully failing to make refunds in a timely manner to 
Medicare beneficiaries for services billed on an assignment-related 
basis if--
    (i) The supplier did not possess a Medicare supplier number;
    (ii) The service is denied in advance; or
    (iii) The service is determined not to be medically necessary or 
reasonable (Sec. 402.1(c)(23)).

[63 FR 68690, Dec. 14, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 49546, Sept. 28, 2001]



Sec. 402.109  Statistical sampling.

    (a) Purpose. CMS or OIG may introduce the results of a statistical 
sampling study to show the number and amount of claims subject to 
sanction under this part that the respondent presented or caused to be 
presented.
    (b) Prima facie evidence. The results of the statistical sampling 
study, if based upon an appropriate sampling and computed by valid 
statistical methods, constitute prima facie evidence of the number and 
amount of claims or requests for payment subject to sanction under Sec. 
402.1.
    (c) Burden of proof. Once CMS or OIG has made a prima facie case, 
the burden is on the respondent to produce evidence reasonably 
calculated to rebut the findings of the statistical sampling study. CMS 
or OIG then has the opportunity to rebut this evidence.



Sec. 402.111  Factors considered in determinations regarding the amount of 
penalties and assessments.

    (a) Basic factors. In determining the amount of any penalty or 
assessment, CMS or OIG takes into account the following:
    (1) The nature of the claim, request for payment, or information 
given and the circumstances under which it was presented or given.
    (2) The degree of culpability, history of prior offenses, and 
financial condition of the person submitting the claim or request for 
payment or giving the information.
    (3) The resources available to the person submitting the claim or 
request for payment or giving the information.
    (4) Such other matters as justice may require.
    (b) Criteria to be considered. As guidelines for taking into account 
the factors listed in paragraph (a) of this section, CMS or OIG 
considers the following circumstances:
    (1) Aggravating circumstances of the incident. An aggravating 
circumstance is any of the following:
    (i) The services or incidents were of several types, occurring over 
a lengthy period of time.
    (ii) There were many of these services or incidents or the nature 
and circumstances indicate a pattern of claims or requests for payment 
for these services or a pattern of incidents.
    (iii) The amount claimed or requested for these services was 
substantial.
    (iv) Before the incident or presentation of any claim or request for 
payment subject to imposition of a civil money penalty, the respondent 
was held liable for criminal, civil, or administrative sanctions in 
connection with a program covered by this part or any other public or 
private program of payment for medical services.
    (v) There is proof that a respondent engaged in wrongful conduct, 
other

[[Page 35]]

than the specific conduct upon which liability is based, relating to 
government programs or in connection with the delivery of a health care 
service. (The statute of limitations governing civil money penalty 
proceedings does not apply to proof of other wrongful conduct as an 
aggravating circumstance.)
    (2) Mitigating circumstances. The following circumstances are 
mitigating circumstances:
    (i) All the services or incidents subject to a civil money penalty 
were few in number and of the same type, occurred within a short period 
of time, and the total amount claimed or requested for the services was 
less than $1,000.
    (ii) The claim or request for payment for the service was the result 
of an unintentional and unrecognized error in the process of presenting 
claims or requesting payment and the respondent took corrective steps 
promptly after discovering the error.
    (iii) Imposition of the penalty or assessment without reduction 
would jeopardize the ability of the respondent to continue as a health 
care provider.
    (3) Other matters as justice may require. Other circumstances of an 
aggravating or mitigating nature are taken into account if, in the 
interests of justice, they require either a reduction of the penalty or 
assessment or an increase in order to ensure the achievement of the 
purposes of this part.
    (c) Effect of aggravating or mitigating circumstances. In 
determining the amount of the penalty and assessment to be imposed for 
every service or incident subject to a determination under Sec. 
402.1(c)--
    (1) If there are substantial or several mitigating circumstances, 
the aggregate amount of the penalty and assessment is set at an amount 
sufficiently below the maximum permitted by Sec. Sec. 402.105(a) and 
402.107 to reflect that fact.
    (2) If there are substantial or several aggravating circumstances, 
the aggregate amount of the penalty and assessment is set at an amount 
at or sufficiently close to the maximum permitted by Sec. Sec. 
402.105(a) and 402.107 to reflect that fact.
    (d)(1) The standards set forth in this section are binding, except 
to the extent that their application would result in imposition of an 
amount that would exceed limits imposed by the United States 
Constitution.
    (2) The amount imposed is not less than the approximate amount 
required to fully compensate the United States, or any State, for its 
damages and costs, tangible and intangible, including but not limited to 
the costs attributable to the investigation, prosecution, and 
administrative review of the case.
    (3) Nothing in this section limits the authority of CMS or OIG to 
settle any issue or case as provided by Sec. 402.19 or to compromise 
any penalty and assessment as provided by Sec. 402.115.



Sec. 402.113  When a penalty and assessment are collectible.

    A civil money penalty and assessment become collectible after the 
earliest of the following:
    (a) Sixty days after the respondent receives CMS's or OIG's notice 
of proposed determination under Sec. 402.7, if the respondent has not 
requested a hearing before an ALJ.
    (b) Immediately after the respondent abandons or waives his or her 
appeal right at any administrative level.
    (c) Thirty days after the respondent receives the ALJ's decision 
imposing a civil money penalty or assessment under Sec. 1005.20(d) of 
this title, if the respondent has not requested a review before the DAB.
    (d) If the DAB grants an extension of the period for requesting the 
DAB's review, the day after the extension expires if the respondent has 
not requested the review.
    (e) Immediately after the ALJ's decision denying a request for a 
stay of the effective date under Sec. 1005.22(b) of this title.
    (f) If the ALJ grants a stay under Sec. 1005.22(b) of this title, 
immediately after the judicial ruling is completed.
    (g) Sixty days after the respondent receives the DAB's decision 
imposing a civil money penalty if the respondent has not requested a 
stay of the decision under Sec. 1005.22(b) of this title.

[[Page 36]]



Sec. 402.115  Collection of penalty or assessment.

    (a) Once a determination by HHS has become final, CMS is responsible 
for the collection of any penalty or assessment.
    (b) The General Counsel may compromise a penalty or assessment 
imposed under this part, after consultation with CMS or OIG, and the 
Federal government may recover the penalty or assessment in a civil 
action brought in the United States district court for the district 
where the claim was presented or where the respondent resides.
    (c) The United States or a State agency may deduct the amount of a 
penalty and assessment when finally determined, or the amount agreed 
upon in compromise, from any sum then or later owing to the respondent.
    (d) Matters that were raised or that could have been raised in a 
hearing before an ALJ or in an appeal under section 1128A(e) of the Act 
may not be raised as a defense in a civil action by the United States to 
collect a penalty under this part.

Subpart C--Exclusions [Reserved]



PART 403_SPECIAL PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS--Table of Contents




Subpart A [Reserved]

                Subpart B_Medicare Supplemental Policies

Sec.
403.200 Basis and scope.

                           General Provisions

403.201 State regulation of insurance policies.
403.205 Medicare supplemental policy.
403.206 General standards for Medicare supplemental policies.
403.210 NAIC model standards.
403.215 Loss ratio standards.

                        State Regulatory Programs

403.220 Supplemental Health Insurance Panel.
403.222 State with an approved regulatory program.

           Voluntary Certification Program: General Provisions

403.231 Emblem.
403.232 Requirements and procedures for obtaining certification.
403.235 Review and certification of policies.
403.239 Submittal of material to retain certification.
403.245 Loss of certification.
403.248 Administrative review of CMS determinations.

         Voluntary Certification Program: Loss Ratio Provisions

403.250 Loss ratio calculations: General provisions.
403.251 Loss ratio date and time frame provisions.
403.253 Calculation of benefits.
403.254 Calculation of premiums.
403.256 Loss ratio supporting data.
403.258 Statement of actuarial opinion.

      Subpart C_Recognition of State Reimbursement Control Systems

403.300 Basis and purpose.
403.302 Definitions.
403.304 Minimum requirements for State systems--discretionary approval.
403.306 Additional requirements for State systems--mandatory approval.
403.308 State systems under demonstration projects--mandatory approval.
403.310 Reduction in payments.
403.312 Submittal of application.
403.314 Evaluation of State systems.
403.316 Reconsideration of certain denied applications.
403.318 Approval of State systems.
403.320 CMS review and monitoring of State systems.
403.321 State systems for hospital outpatient services.
403.322 Termination of agreements for Medicare recognition of State 
          systems.

Subpart D [Reserved]

         Subpart E_Beneficiary Counseling and Assistance Grants

403.500 Basis, scope, and definition.
403.501 Eligibility for grants.
403.502 Availability of grants.
403.504 Number and size of grants.
403.508 Limitations.
403.510 Reporting requirements.
403.512 Administration.

Subpart F [Reserved]

   Subpart G_Religious Nonmedical Health Care Institutions_Benefits, 
                Conditions of Participation, and Payment

403.700 Basis and purpose.
403.702 Definitions and terms.
403.720 Conditions for coverage.
403.724 Valid election requirements.

[[Page 37]]

403.730 Condition of participation: Patient rights.
403.732 Condition of participation: Quality assessment and performance 
          improvement.
403.734 Condition of participation: Food services.
403.736 Condition of participation: Discharge planning.
403.738 Condition of participation: Administration.
403.740 Condition of participation: Staffing.
403.742 Condition of participation: Physical environment.
403.744 Condition of participation: Life safety from fire.
403.746 Condition of participation: Utilization review.
403.750 Estimate of expenditures and adjustments.
403.752 Payment provisions.
403.754 Monitoring expenditure level.
403.756 Sunset provision.
403.764 Basis and purpose of religious nonmedical health care 
          institutions providing home service.
403.766 Requirements for coverage and payment of RNHCI home services.
403.768 Excluded services.
403.770 Payments for home services.

  Subpart H_Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional 
                           Assistance Program

403.800 Basis and scope.
403.802 Definitions.
403.804 General rules for solicitation, application and Medicare 
          endorsement period.
403.806 Sponsor requirements for eligibility for endorsement.
403.808 Use of transitional assistance funds.
403.810 Eligibility and reconsiderations.
403.811 Enrollment, disenrollment, and associated endorsed sponsor 
          requirements.
403.812 HIPAA privacy, security, administrative data standards, and 
          national identifiers.
403.813 Marketing limitations and record retention requirements.
403.814 Special rules concerning Part C organizations and Medicare cost 
          plans and their enrollees.
403.815 Special rules concerning States.
403.816 Special rules concerning long-term care and I/T/U pharmacies.
403.817 Special rules concerning the territories.
403.820 Sanctions, penalties, and termination.
403.822 Reimbursement of transitional assistance and associated sponsor 
          requirements.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 1395b-3 and Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302 and 1395hh).

Subpart A [Reserved]



                Subpart B_Medicare Supplemental Policies

    Source: 47 FR 32400, July 26, 1982, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 403.200  Basis and scope.

    (a) Provisions of the legislation. This subpart implements, in part, 
section 1882 of the Social Security Act. The intent of that section is 
to enable Medicare beneficiaries to identify Medicare supplemental 
policies that do not duplicate Medicare, and that provide adequate, 
fairly priced protection against expenses not covered by Medicare. The 
legislation establishes certain standards for Medicare supplemental 
policies and provides two methods for informing Medicare beneficiaries 
which policies meet those standards:
    (1) Through a State approved program, that is, a program that a 
Supplemental Health Insurance Panel determines to meet certain minimum 
requirements for the regulation of Medicare supplemental policies; and
    (2) In a State without an approved program, through certification by 
the Secretary of policies voluntarily submitted by insuring 
organizations for review against the standards.
    (b) Scope of subpart. This subpart sets forth the standards and 
procedures CMS will use to implement the voluntary certification 
program.

                           General Provisions



Sec. 403.201  State regulation of insurance policies.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart do not affect the right of a 
State to regulate policies marketed in that State.
    (b) Approval of a policy under the voluntary certification program, 
as provided for in Sec. 403.235(b), does not authorize the insuring 
organization to market a policy that does not conform to applicable 
State laws and regulations.



Sec. 403.205  Medicare supplemental policy.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (e) of this section, Medicare 
supplemental (or Medigap) policy means a

[[Page 38]]

health insurance policy or other health benefit plan that--
    (1) A private entity offers to a Medicare beneficiary; and
    (2) Is primarily designed, or is advertised, marketed, or otherwise 
purported to provide payment for expenses incurred for services and 
items that are not reimbursed under the Medicare program because of 
deductibles, coinsurance, or other limitations under Medicare.
    (b) The term policy includes both policy form and policy as 
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section.
    (1) Policy form. Policy form is the form of health insurance 
contract that is approved by and on file with the State agency for the 
regulation of insurance.
    (2) Policy. Policy is the contract--
    (i) Issued under the policy form; and
    (ii) Held by the policy holder.
    (c) If the policy otherwise meets the definition in this section, a 
Medicare supplemental policy includes-
    (1) An individual policy;
    (2) A group policy;
    (3) A rider attached to an individual or group policy; or
    (4) As of January 1, 2006, a stand-alone limited health benefit plan 
or policy that supplements Medicare benefits and is sold primarily to 
Medicare beneficiaries.
    (d) Any rider attached to a Medicare supplemental policy becomes an 
integral part of the basic policy.
    (e) Medicare supplemental policy does not include a Medicare 
Advantage plan, a Prescription Drug Plan under Part D, or any of the 
other types of health insurance policies or health benefit plans that 
are excluded from the definition of a Medicare supplemental policy in 
section 1882(g)(1) of the Act.

[70 FR 4525, Jan. 28, 2005]



Sec. 403.206  General standards for Medicare supplemental policies.

    (a) For purposes of the voluntary certification program described in 
this subpart, a policy must meet--
    (1) The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) model 
standards as defined in Sec. 405.210; and
    (2) The loss ratio standards specified in Sec. 403.215.
    (b) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, the 
standards specified in paragraph (a) of this section must be met in a 
single policy.
    (c) In the case of a nonprofit hospital or a medical association 
where State law prohibits the inclusion of all benefits in a single 
policy, the standards specified in paragraph (a) of the section must be 
met in two or more policies issued in conjunction with one another.



Sec. 403.210  NAIC model standards.

    (a) NAIC model standards means the National Association of Insurance 
Commissioners (NAIC) ``Model Regulation to Implement the Individual 
Accident and Insurance Minimum Standards Act'' (as amended and adopted 
by the NAIC on June 6, 1979, as it applies to Medicare supplemental 
policies). Copies of the NAIC model standards can be purchased from the 
National Association of Insurance Commissioners at 350 Bishops Way, 
Brookfield, Wisconsin 53004, and from the NIARS Corporation, 318 
Franklin Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404.
    (b) The policy must comply with the provisions of the NAIC model 
standards, except as follows--
    (1) Policy, for purposes of this paragraph, means individual and 
group policy, as specified in Sec. 403.205. The NAIC model standards 
limit ``policy'' to individual policy.
    (2) The policy must meet the loss ratio standards specified in Sec. 
403.215.

[47 FR 32400, July 26, 1982; 49 FR 44472, Nov. 7, 1984]



Sec. 403.215  Loss ratio standards.

    (a) The policy must be expected to return to the policyholders, in 
the form of aggregate benefits provided under the policy--
    (1) At least 75 percent of the aggregate amount of premiums in the 
case of group policies; and
    (2) At least 60 percent of the aggregate amount of premiums in the 
case of individual policies.
    (b) For purposes of loss ratio requirements, policies issued as a 
result of solicitation of individuals through the mail or by mass media 
advertising are considered individual policies.

[[Page 39]]

                        State Regulatory Programs



Sec. 403.220  Supplemental Health Insurance Panel.

    (a) Membership. The Supplemental Health Insurance Panel (Panel) 
consists of--
    (1) The Secretary or a designee, who serves as chairperson, and
    (2) Four State Commissioners or Superintendents of Insurance 
appointed by the President. (The terms Commissioner or Superintendent of 
Insurance include persons of similar rank.)
    (b) Functions. (1) The Panel determines whether or not a State 
regulatory program for Medicare supplemental health insurance policies 
meets and continues to meet minimum requirements specified in section 
1882 of the Social Security Act.
    (2) The chairperson of the Panel informs the State Commissioners and 
Superintendents of Insurance of all determinations made under paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section.



Sec. 403.222  State with an approved regulatory program.

    (a) A State has an approved regulatory program if the Panel 
determines that the State has in effect under State law a regulatory 
program that provides for the application of standards, with respect to 
each Medicare supplemental policy issued in that State, that are equal 
to or more stringent than those specified in section 1882 of the Social 
Security Act.
    (b) Policy issued in that State means--
    (1) A group policy, if the holder of the master policy resides in 
that State; and
    (2) An individual policy, if the policy is--
    (i) Issued in that State; or
    (ii) Issued for delivery in that State.
    (c) A policy issued in a State with an approved regulatory program 
is considered to meet the NAIC model standards in Sec. 403.210 and loss 
ratio standards in Sec. 403.215.

           Voluntary Certification Program: General Provisions



Sec. 403.231  Emblem.

    (a) The emblem is a graphic symbol, approved by HHS, that indicates 
that CMS has certified a policy as meeting the requirements of the 
voluntary certification program, specified in Sec. 403.232.
    (b) Unless prohibited by the State in which the policy is marketed, 
the insuring organization may display the emblem on policies certified 
under the voluntary certification program.
    (c) The manner in which the emblem may be displayed and the 
conditions and restrictions relating to its use will be stated in the 
letter with which CMS notifies the insuring organization that a policy 
has been certified. The insuring organization must comply with these 
conditions and restrictions.
    (d) If a certified policy is issued in a State that later has an 
approved regulatory program, as provided for in Sec. 403.222, the 
insuring organization may display the emblem on the policy until the 
earliest of the following--
    (1) When prohibited by State law or regulation.
    (2) When the policy no longer meets the requirements for Medicare 
supplemental policies specified in Sec. 403.206.
    (3) The date the insuring organization would be required to submit 
material to CMS for annual review in order to retain certification, if 
the State did not have an approved program (see Sec. 403.239).



Sec. 403.232  Requirements and procedures for obtaining certification.

    (a) To be certified by CMS, a policy must meet--
    (1) The NAIC model standards specified in Sec. 403.210;
    (2) The loss ratio standards specified in Sec. 403.215; and
    (3) Any State requirements applicable to a policy--
    (i) Issued in that State; or
    (ii) Marketed in that State.
    (b) An insuring organization requesting certification of a policy 
must submit the following to CMS for review--
    (1) A copy of the policy form (including all the documents that 
would constitute the contract of insurance that is proposed to be 
marketed as a certified policy).
    (2) A copy of the application form including all attachments.
    (3) A copy of the uniform certificate issued under a group policy.

[[Page 40]]

    (4) A copy of the outline of coverage, in the form prescribed by the 
NAIC model standards.
    (5) A copy of the Medicare supplement buyers' guide to be provided 
to all applicants if the buyers' guide is not the CMS/NAIC buyers' 
guide.
    (6) A statement of when and how the outline of coverage and the 
buyers' guide will be delivered and copies of applicable receipt forms.
    (7) A copy of the notice of replacement and statement as to when and 
how that notice will be delivered.
    (8) A list of States in which the policy is authorized for sale. If 
the policy was approved under a deemer provision in any State, the 
conditions involved must be specified.
    (9) A copy of the loss ratio calculations, as specified in Sec. 
403.250.
    (10) Loss ratio supporting data, as specified in Sec. 403.256.
    (11) A statement of actuarial opinion, as specified in Sec. 
403.258.
    (12) A statement that the insuring organization will notify the 
policyholders in writing, within the period of time specified in Sec. 
403.245(c), if the policy is identified as a certified policy at the 
time of sale and later loses certification.
    (13) A signed statement in which the president of the insuring 
organization, or a designee, attests that--
    (i) The policy meets the requirements specified in paragraph (a) of 
this section; and
    (ii) The information submitted to CMS for review is accurate and 
complete and does not misrepresent any material fact.



Sec. 403.235  Review and certification of policies.

    (a) CMS will review policies that the insuring organization 
voluntarily submits, except that CMS will not review a policy issued in 
a State with an approved regulatory program under Sec. 403.222.
    (b) If the requirements specified in Sec. 403.232 are met, CMS 
will--
    (1) Certify the policy; and
    (2) Authorize the insuring organization to display the emblem on the 
policy, as provided for in Sec. 403.231.
    (c) If CMS certifies a policy, it will inform all State 
Commissioners and Superintendents of Insurance of that fact.



Sec. 403.239  Submittal of material to retain certification.

    (a) CMS certification of a policy that continues to meet the 
standards will remain in effect, if the insuring organization files the 
following material with CMS no later than the date specified in 
paragraph (b) or (c) of this section--
    (1) Any changes in the material, specified in Sec. 403.232(b), that 
was submitted for previous certification.
    (2) The loss ratio supporting data specified in Sec. 403.256(b).
    (3) A signed statement in which the president of the insuring 
organization, or a designee, attests that--
    (i) The policy continues to meet the requirements specified in Sec. 
403.232(a); and
    (ii) The information submitted to CMS for review is accurate and 
complete and does not misrepresent any material fact.
    (b) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, the 
insuring organization must file the material with CMS no later than June 
30 of each year. The first time the insuring organization must file the 
material is no later than June 30 of the calendar year that follows the 
year in which CMS--
    (1) Certifies a new policy; or
    (2) Certifies a policy that lost certification as provided in Sec. 
403.245.
    (c) If the loss ratio calculation period, used to calculate the 
expected loss ratio for the last actuarial certification submitted to 
CMS, ends before the June 30 date of paragraph (b) of this section, the 
insuring organization must file the material with CMS no later then the 
last day of that rate calculation period.



Sec. 403.245  Loss of certification.

    (a) A policy loses certification if--
    (1) The insuring organization withdraws the policy from the 
voluntary certification program; or
    (2) CMS determines that--
    (i) The policy fails to meet the requirements specified in Sec. 
403.232(a); or
    (ii) The insuring organization has failed to meet the requirements 
for submittal of material specified in Sec. 403.239.

[[Page 41]]

    (b) If a policy loses its certification, CMS will inform all State 
Commissioners and Superintendents of Insurance of that fact.
    (c) If a policy that displays the emblem, or that has been marketed 
as a certified policy without the emblem, loses certification, the 
insuring organization must notify each holder of the policy, or of a 
certificate issued under the policy, of that fact. The notice must be in 
writing and sent by the earlier of--
    (1) The date of the first regular premium notice after the date the 
policy loses its certification; or
    (2) 60 days after the date the policy loses its certification.



Sec. 403.248  Administrative review of CMS determinations.

    (a) This section provides for administrative review if CMS 
determines--
    (1) Not to certify a policy; or
    (2) That a policy no longer meets the standards for certification.
    (b) If CMS makes a determination specified in paragraph (a) of this 
section, it will send a notice to the insuring organization containing 
the following information:
    (1) That CMS has made such a determination.
    (2) The reasons for the determination.
    (3) That the insuring organization has 30 days from the date of the 
notice to--
    (i) Request, in writing, an administrative review of the CMS 
determination; and
    (ii) Submit additional information to CMS for review.
    (4) That, if the insuring organization requests an administrative 
review, CMS will conduct the review, as provided for in paragraph (c) of 
this section.
    (5) That, in a case involving loss of certification, the CMS 
determination will go into effect 30 days from the date of the notice, 
unless the insuring organization requests an administrative review. If 
the insuring organization requests an administrative review, the policy 
retains its certification until CMS makes a final determination.
    (c) If the insuring organization requests an administrative review, 
CMS will conduct the review as follows--
    (1) A CMS official, not involved in the initial CMS determination, 
will initiate and complete an administrative review within 90 days of 
the date of the notice provided for in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (2) The official will consider--
    (i) The original material submitted to CMS for review, as specified 
in Sec. 403.232(b) or Sec. 403.239(a); and
    (ii) Any additional information, that the insuring organization 
submits to CMS.
    (3) Within 15 days after the administrative review is completed, CMS 
will inform the insuring organization in writing of the final decision, 
with an explanation of the final decision.
    (4) If the final decision is that a policy lose its certification, 
the loss of certification will go into effect 15 days after the date of 
CMS's notice informing the insuring organization of the final decision.

         Voluntary Certification Program: Loss Ratio Provisions



Sec. 403.250  Loss ratio calculations: General provisions.

    (a) Basic formula. The expected loss ratio is calculated by 
determining the ratio of benefits to premiums.
    (b) Calculations. The insuring organization must calculate loss 
ratios according to the provisions of Sec. Sec. 403.251, 403.253, and 
403.254.



Sec. 403.251  Loss ratio date and time frame provisions.

    (a) Initial calculation date means the first date of the period that 
the insuring organization uses to calculate the policy's expected loss 
ratio.
    (1) The initial calculation date may be before, the same as, or 
after the date the insuring organization sends the policy to CMS for 
review, except--
    (2) The initial calculation date must not be earlier than January 1 
of the calendar year in which the policy is sent to CMS.
    (b) Loss ratio calculation period means the period beginning with 
the initial calculation date and ending with the

[[Page 42]]

last day of the period for which the insuring organization calculates 
the policy's scale of premiums.
    (c) To calculate ``present values'', the insuring organization may 
ignore discounting (an actuarial procedure that provides for the impact 
of a variety of factors, such as lapse of policies) for loss ratio 
calculation periods not exceeding 12 months.



Sec. 403.253  Calculation of benefits.

    (a) General provisions. (1) Except as provided for in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section, calculate the amount of ``benefits'' by--
    (i) Adding the present values on the initial calculation date of--
    (A) Expected incurred benefits in the loss ratio calculation period, 
to--
    (B) The total policy reserve at the last day of the loss ratio 
calculation period: and
    (ii) Subtracting the total policy reserve on the initial calculation 
date from the sum of these values.
    (2) To calculate the amount of ``benefits'' in the case of community 
or pool rated individual or group policies rerated on an annual basis, 
calculate the expected incurred benefits in the loss ratio calculation 
period.
    (b) Calculation of total policy reserve--(1) Option for calculation. 
The insuring organization must calculate ``total policy reserve'' 
according to the provisions of paragraph (b) (2) or (3) of this section.
    (2) Total policy reserve: Federal provisions. (i) ``Total policy 
reserve'' means the sum of--
    (A) Additional reserve; and
    (B) The reserve for future contingent benefits.
    (ii) Additional reserve means the amount calculated on a net level 
reserve basis, using appropriate values to account for lapse, mortality, 
morbidity, and interest, that on the valuation date represents--
    (A) The present value of expected incurred benefits over the loss 
ratio calculation period; less--
    (B) The present value of expected net premiums over the loss ratio 
calculation period.
    (iii) Net premium means the level portion of the gross premium used 
in calculating the additional reserve. On the day the policy is issued, 
the present value of the series of those portions equals the present 
value of the expected incurred claims over the period that the gross 
premiums are computed to provide coverage.
    (iv) Reserve for future contingent benefits means the amounts, not 
elsewhere included, that provide for the extension of benefits after 
insurance coverage terminates. These benefits--
    (A) Are predicated on a health condition existing on the date 
coverage ends;
    (B) Accrue after the date coverage ends; and
    (C) Are payable after the valuation date.
    (3) Total policy reserve: State provisions. ``Total policy reserve'' 
means the total policy reserve calculated according to appropriate State 
law or regulation.



Sec. 403.254  Calculation of premiums.

    (a) General provisions. To calculate the amount of ``premiums'', 
calculate the present value on the initial calculation date of expected 
earned premiums for the loss ratio calculation period.
    (b) Specific provisions. (1) Earned premium for a given period 
means--
    (i) Written premiums for the period; plus--
    (ii) The total premium reserve at the beginning of the period; 
less--
    (iii) The total premium reserve at the end of the period.
    (2) Written premiums in a period means--
    (i) Premiums collected in that period; plus--
    (ii) Premiums due and uncollected at the end of that period; less--
    (iii) Premiums due and uncollected at the beginning of that period.
    (3) Total premium reserve means the sum of--
    (i) The unearned premium reserve;
    (ii) The advance premium reserve; and
    (iii) The reserve for rate credits.
    (4) Unearned premium reserve means the portion of gross premiums due 
that provide for days of insurance coverage after the valuation date.

[[Page 43]]

    (5) Advance premium reserve means premiums received by the insuring 
organization that are due after the valuation date.
    (6) Reserve for rate credits means rate credits on a group policy 
that--
    (i) Accrue by the valuation date of the policy; and
    (ii) Are paid or credited after the valuation date.



Sec. 403.256  Loss ratio supporting data.

    (a) For purposes of requesting CMS certification under Sec. 
403.232, the insuring organization must submit the following loss ratio 
data to CMS for review--
    (1) A statement of why the policy is to be considered, for purposes 
of the loss ratio standards, an individual or a group policy.
    (2) The earliest age at which policyholders can purchase the policy.
    (3) The general marketing method and the underwriting criteria used 
for the selection of applicants to whom coverage is offered.
    (4) What policies are to be included under the one policy form, by 
the dates the policies are issued.
    (5) The loss ratio calculation period.
    (6) The scale of premiums for the loss ratio calculation period.
    (7) The expected level of earned premiums in the loss ratio 
calculation period.
    (8) The expected level of incurred claims in the loss ratio 
calculation period.
    (9) A description of how the following assumptions were used in 
calculating the loss ratio.
    (i) Morbidity.
    (ii) Mortality.
    (iii) Lapse.
    (iv) Assumed increases in the Medicare deductible.
    (v) Impact of inflation on reimbursement per service.
    (vi) Interest.
    (vii) Expected distribution, by age and sex, of persons who will 
purchase the policy in the coming year.
    (viii) Expected impact on morbidity by policy duration of--
    (A) The process used to select insureds from among those that apply 
for a policy; and
    (B) Pre-existing condition clauses in the policy.
    (b) For purposes of requesting continued CMS certification under 
Sec. 403.239(a), the insuring organization must submit the following to 
CMS--
    (1) A description of all changes in the loss ratio data, specified 
in paragraph (a) of this section, that occurred since CMS last reviewed 
the policy.
    (2) The past loss ratio experience for the policy, including the 
experience of all riders and endorsements issued under the policy. The 
loss ratio experience data must include earned premiums, incurred 
claims, and total policy reserves that the insuring organization 
calculates--
    (i) For all years of issue combined; and
    (ii) Separately for each calendar year since CMS first certified the 
policy.



Sec. 403.258  Statement of actuarial opinion.

    (a) For purposes of certification requests submitted under Sec. 
403.232(b) and subsequent review as specified in Sec. 403.239(a), 
statement of actuarial opinion means a signed declaration in which a 
qualified actuary states that the assumptions used in calculating the 
expected loss ratio are appropriate and reasonable, taking into account 
actual policy experience, if any, and reasonable expectations.
    (b) Qualified actuary means--
    (1) A member in good standing of the American Academy of Actuaries; 
or
    (2) A person who has otherwise demonstrated his or her actuarial 
competence to the satisfaction of the Commissioner or Superintendent of 
Insurance of the domiciliary State of the insuring organization.



      Subpart C_Recognition of State Reimbursement Control Systems

    Source: 51 FR 15492, Apr. 24, 1986, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 403.300  Basis and purpose.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements section 1886(c) of the Act, which 
authorizes payment for Medicare inpatient hospital services in 
accordance with a State's reimbursement control system rather than under 
the Medicare

[[Page 44]]

reimbursement principles as described in CMS's regulations and 
instructions.
    (b) Purpose. Contained in this subpart are--
    (1) The basic requirements that a State reimbursement control system 
must meet in order to be approved by CMS;
    (2) A description of CMS's review and evaluation procedures; and
    (3) The conditions that apply if the system is approved.



Sec. 403.302  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart--
    Chief executive officer of a State means the Governor of the State 
or the Governor's designee.
    Existing demonstration project refers to demonstration projects 
approved by CMS under the authority of section 402(a) of the Social 
Security Amendments of 1967 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1) or section 222(a) of the 
Social Security Amendments of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1 (note)) and in 
effect on April 20, 1983 (the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 98-21 
(Social Security Amendments of 1983)).
    Federal hospital means a hospital that is administered by, or that 
is under exclusive contract with, the Department of Defense, the 
Veterans Administration, or the Indian Health Service.
    State system or system refers to a State reimbursement control 
system that is approved by CMS under the authority of section 1886(c) of 
the Act and that satisfies the requirements described in this subpart.



Sec. 403.304  Minimum requirements for State systems--discretionary approval.

    (a) Discretionary approval by CMS. CMS may approve Medicare payments 
under a State system, if CMS determines that the system meets the 
requirements in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section and, if 
applicable paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) Requirements for State system. (1) An application for approval 
of the system must be submitted to CMS by the Chief Executive Officer of 
the State.
    (2) The State system must apply to substantially all non-Federal 
acute care hospitals in the State.
    (3) All hospitals covered by the system must have and maintain a 
utilization and quality control review agreement with a Quality 
Improvement Organization, as required under section 1866(a)(1)(F) of the 
Act and Sec. 466.78(a) of this chapter.
    (4) Federal hospitals must be excluded from the State system.
    (5) Nonacute care or specialty hospital (such as rehabilitation, 
psychiatric, or children's hospitals) may, at the option of the State, 
be excluded from the State system.
    (6) The State system must apply to at least 75 percent of all 
revenues or expenses--
    (i) For inpatient hospital services in the State; and
    (ii) For inpatient hospital services under the State's Medicaid 
plan.
    (7) Under the system, HMOs and competitive medical plans (CMPs), as 
defined by section 1876(b) of the Act and part 417 of this chapter, must 
be allowed to negotiate payment rates with hospitals.
    (8) The system must limit hospital charges for Medicare 
beneficiaries to deductibles, coinsurance or non-covered services.
    (9) Unless a waiver is granted by CMS under Sec. 489.23 of this 
chapter, the system must prohibit payment, as required under section 
1862(a)(14) of the Act and Sec. 405.310(m) of this chapter, for 
nonphysician services provided to hospital inpatients under Part B of 
Medicare.
    (10) The system must require hospitals to submit Medicare cost 
reports or approved reports in lieu of Medicare cost reports as 
required.
    (11) The system must require--
    (i) Preparation, collection, or retention by the State of reports 
(such as financial, administrative, or statistical reports) that may be 
necessary, as determined by CMS, to review and monitor the State's 
assurances; and
    (ii) Submission of the reports to CMS upon request.
    (12) The system must provide hospitals an opportunity to appeal 
errors that they believe have been made in the determination of their 
payment rates. The system, if it is prospective may not permit providers 
to file administrative appeals that would result

[[Page 45]]

in a retroactive revision of prospectively determined payment rates.
    (c) Satisfactory assurances. The State must provide to CMS 
satisfactory assurance as to the following:
    (1) The system provides for equitable treatment of hospital patients 
and hospital employees.
    (2) The system provides for equitable treatment of all entities that 
pay hospitals for inpatient hospital services, including Federal and 
State programs. Under the requirement, the following conditions must be 
met:
    (i) Both the Medicare and Medicaid programs must participate under 
the system.
    (ii) The State must assure equitable and uniform treatment under the 
system of third-party payors of inpatient hospital services in terms of 
opportunity. Equitable opportunity must include, but need not be limited 
to, participation in the system and availability of discounts. Criteria 
under which discounts are made available must be equitably and uniformly 
applied to all payors, except for discounts negotiated by HMOs and CMPs. 
Discounts available to HMOs and CMPs as result of their statutory right 
to negotiate payment rates independently of a State system, as described 
in paragraph (b)(7) of this section, need not be available to other 
payors.
    (iii) The State must assure that all third-party payors that 
participate under the system share in the system's risks and benefits.
    (3) The amount of Medicare payments made under the system over 36-
month periods may not exceed the amount of Medicare payment that would 
otherwise have been made under the Medicare principles of reimbursement 
for Medicare items and services had the State system not been in effect. 
States must submit the assurance and supporting data as required by 
Sec. 403.320 to document that the payment limit is not exceeded. States 
that have an existing Medicare demonstration project in effect on April 
20, 1983, and that have requested approval of a State system under 
section 1886(c)(4) of the Act, may elect to have the effectiveness of 
the State system under this paragraph judged on the basis of the State 
system's rate of increase or inflation in Medicare inpatient hospital 
payments as compared to the national rate of increase or inflation for 
such payments during the three cost reporting periods of the hospitals 
in the State beginning on or after October 1, 1983.
    (d) Additional cost-effectiveness assurance. If the assurances and 
supporting data required under paragraph (c)(3) of this section are 
insufficient to provide assurance satisfactory to CMS regarding the 
cost-effectiveness of a State system, the State may additionally submit 
one of the following assurances in order to meet the cost-effectiveness 
test:
    (1) State responsibility for excess payments. The State must agree 
that each month Medicare intermediaries will disburse to the State's 
hospital Federal funds that in the aggregate equal no more than would 
have been disbursed in the absence of the State system. Any additional 
funds necessary to pay hospitals for Medicare services required by the 
State system will be paid to the intermediaries by the State. These 
additional amounts will be refunded to the State by the intermediaries 
to the extent that, in subsequent months, the State system requires a 
smaller aggregate payment for Medicare services than would have been 
paid in the absence of the State system.
    (2) Limitations on payments. (i) The State must agree that if its 
projections exceed what Medicare would pay in any particular period, the 
State and CMS will establish and agreed upon payment schedule that will 
limit payments under the State system based on a predetermined 
percentage relationship between projected State payments and what 
payments would have been under Medicare.
    (ii) If deviation from the predetermined relationship described in 
paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section occurs, the State must further agree 
that--
    (A) Medicare payments would be capped automatically at payment 
levels based on the rates used for the Medicare prospective payment 
system and the State would be required to pay the difference to 
individual hospitals in its system; or
    (B) The State may provide by legislation or legally binding 
regulations that

[[Page 46]]

any reduced payments to hospitals under the system that result from this 
cost-effectiveness assurance will constitute full and final payment for 
hospital services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries for the period 
covered by these reduced payments.



Sec. 403.306  Additional requirements for State systems--mandatory approval.

    (a) General policy--(1) Mandatory approval. HFCA will approve an 
application for Medicare reimbursement under a State system if the 
system meets all of the requirements of Sec. 403.304 and of paragraph 
(b) of this section.
    (2) Exception. CMS may approve an application if the State system 
meets all of the requirements of Sec. 403.304 but only some of the 
requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Additional requirements--(1) Operation of system. The system 
must--
    (i) Be operated directly by the State or by entity designated under 
State law;
    (ii) Provide for payments to hospitals using a methodology under 
which--
    (A) Prospectively determined payment rates are established; and
    (B) Exceptions, adjustments, and methods for changes in methodology 
are set forth;
    (iii) Provide that a change by the State in the system that has the 
effect of materially changing payments to hospitals can take effect only 
upon 60 days notice to CMS and to the hospitals likely to be materially 
affected by the change and upon CMS's approval of the change.
    (2) Satisfactory assurances--(i) Admissions practice. The State must 
assure that the operation of the system will not result in any change in 
hospital admission practices that result in--
    (A) A significant reduction in the proportion of patients receiving 
hospital services covered under the system who have no third-party 
coverage and who are unable to pay for hospital services;
    (B) A significant reduction in the proportion of individuals 
admitted to hospitals for inpatient hospital services for which payment 
is less, or is likely to be less, than the anticipated charges for or 
cost of the services;
    (C) A refusal to admit patients who would be expected to require 
unusually costly or prolonged treatment for reasons other than those 
related to the appropriateness of the care available at the hospital; or
    (D) A refusal to provide emergency services to any person who is in 
need of emergency services, if the hospital provides the services.
    (ii) Consultation with local government officials. The State must 
provide documentation that it has consulted with local government 
officials concerning the impact of the system on publicly owned or 
operated hospitals.



Sec. 403.308  State systems under demonstration projects--mandatory approval.

    CMS will approve an application from a State for a State system if--
    (a) The system was in effect prior to April 20, 1983 under an 
existing demonstration project; and
    (b) The minimum requirements and assurances for approval of a State 
system are met under Sec. 403.304 (b)(1)-(10) and Sec. 403.304(c), 
and, if appropriate Sec. 403.304(d).



Sec. 403.310  Reduction in payments.

    (a) General rule. If CMS determines that the satisfactory assurances 
required of a State under Sec. 403.304(c) and, if applicable, Sec. 
403.304(d) have not been met, or will not be met, with respect to any 
36-month period, CMS will reduce Medicare payments to individual 
hospitals being reimbursed under the State's system or, if applicable, 
under the Medicare payment system, in an amount equal to the amount by 
which the Medicare payments under the system exceed the amount of 
Medicare payments to such hospitals that otherwise would have been made 
not using the State system. The amount of the recoupment will include, 
when appropriate, interest charges computed in accordance with Sec. 
405.378 of this chapter.
    (b) Recoupment procedures. The amount of the overpayment will be 
recouped on a proportionate basis from each of those hospitals that 
received payments under the State system that exceeded the payments they 
would

[[Page 47]]

have received under the Medicare payment system. Each hospital's share 
of the aggregate excess payment will be determined on the basis of a 
comparison of the hospital's proportionate share of the aggregate 
payment received under the State system that is in excess of what the 
aggregate payment would have been under the Medicare payment system. 
Recoupments may be accomplished by a hospital's direct payment to the 
Medicare program or by offsets to future payments made to the hospital.
    (c) Alternative recoupment procedures. As an alternative to the 
recoupment procedures described in paragraph (b) of this section and 
subject to CMS's acceptance, the State may provide, by legislation or 
legally binding regulations, procedures for the recoupment of the amount 
of payments that exceed the amount of payments that otherwise would have 
been paid by Medicare if the State system had not been in effect.
    (d) Rule for existing Medicare demonstration projects. In cases of 
existing Medicare demonstration projects where the expenditure test is 
to be applied by a rate of increase factor, the amount of the excess 
payment will be determined, for the three hospital cost reporting 
periods beginning before October 1, 1986, by a comparison of the State 
system's rate of increase to the national rate of increase. Recoupment 
of excessive payments will be assessed and recouped as described in this 
section.

[51 FR 15492, Apr. 24, 1986, as amended at 61 FR 63748, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 403.312  Submittal of application.

    The Chief Executive Officer of the State is responsible for--
    (a) Submittal of the application to CMS for approval; and
    (b) Supplying the assurances and necessary documentation as required 
under Sec. Sec. 403.304 through 403.308.



Sec. 403.314  Evaluation of State systems.

    CMS will evaluate all State applications for approval of State 
systems and notify the State of its determination within 60 days.



Sec. 403.316  Reconsideration of certain denied applications.

    (a) Request for reconsideration. If CMS denies an application for a 
State system, the State may request that CMS reconsider the denial if 
the State believes that its system meets all of the requirements for 
mandatory approval under Sec. Sec. 403.304 and 403.306 or, in the case 
of a State with a system operating under an existing demonstration 
project, the applicable requirements of Sec. Sec. 403.304 and 403.308.
    (b) Time limit. (1) The State must submit its request for 
reconsideration within 60 days after the date of CMS's notice that the 
application was denied.
    (2) CMS will notify the State of the results of its reconsideration 
within 60 days after it receives the request for reconsideration.



Sec. 403.318  Approval of State systems.

    (a) Approval agreement. If CMS approves a State system, a written 
agreement will be executed between CMS and the Chief Executive Officer 
of the State. The agreement must incorporate any terms of the State's 
application for approval of the system as agreed to by the parties and, 
as a minimum, must contain provisions that require the following:
    (1) The system is operated directly by the State or an entity 
designated by State law.
    (2) For purposes of the Medicare program, the State's system applies 
only to Medicare payments for inpatient, and if applicable, outpatient 
hospital services.
    (3) The system conforms to applicable Medicare law and regulations 
other than those relating to the amount of reimbursement for inpatient 
hospital services, or for inpatient and outpatient services, whichever 
the State system covers. Applicable regulations include, for example, 
those describing Medicare benefits and entitlement requirements for 
program beneficiaries, as explained in parts 406 and 409 of this 
chapter; the requirements at part 405, subpart J of this chapter 
specifying conditions of participation for hospitals; the requirements 
at part 405, subparts A, G, and S of this chapter on Medicare program 
administration; and

[[Page 48]]

all applicable fraud and abuse regulations contained in titles 42 and 45 
of the CFR.
    (4) The State must obtain CMS's approval of the State's reporting 
forms and of provider cost reporting forms or other forms that have not 
been approved by CMS but that are necessary for the collection of 
required information.
    (b) Effective date. An approved State system may not be effective 
earlier than the date of the approval agreement, which may not be 
retroactive.



Sec. 403.320  CMS review and monitoring of State systems.

    (a) General rule. The State must submit an assurance and detailed 
and quantitative studies of provider cost and financial data and 
projections to support the effectiveness of its system, as required by 
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
    (b) Required information. (1) Under Sec. 403.304(c)(3) an assurance 
is required that the system will not result in greater payments over a 
36-month period than would have otherwise been made under Medicare not 
using such system. If a State that has an existing demonstration project 
in effect on April 20, 1983 elects under Sec. 403.304(c)(3) to have the 
effectiveness of its system judged on the basis of a rate of increase 
factor, the State must submit an assurance that its rate of increase or 
inflation in inpatient hospital payments does not exceed, for that 
portion of the 36-month period that is subject to this test, the 
national rate of increase or inflation in Medicare inpatient hospital 
payments. The election of the rate of increase test applies only to the 
three cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1983. At 
the end of these cost reporting periods, the State must assure, 
beginning with the first month after the expiration of the third cost 
reporting period beginning after October 1, 1983, that payments under 
its system will not exceed over the remainder of the 36-month period 
what Medicare payments would have been.
    (2) Estimates and data are required to support the State's 
assurance, required under Sec. 403.304(c)(3), that expenditures under 
the State system will not exceed what Medicare would have paid over a 
36-month period. The estimates and projections of what Medicare would 
have otherwise paid must take into account all the Medicare 
reimbursement principles in effect at the time and, for any period in 
which payments either exceed or are less than Medicare levels, the 
values of interest the Medicare Trust Fund earned, or would have earned, 
on these amounts. Upon application for approval, the State must submit 
projections for each hospital for the first 12-month period covered by 
the assurance, in both the aggregate and on a per discharge basis, of 
Medicare inpatient expenditures under Medicare principles of 
reimbursement and parallel projections of Medicare inpatient 
expenditures under the State's system and the resulting cost or savings 
to Medicare. The State must also submit separate statewide projections 
for each year of the 36-month period, in both the aggregate and on a 
weighted average discharge basis, of inpatient expenditures under the 
State system and under the Medicare principles of reimbursement.
    (3) The projection submitted under paragraph (b)(2) of this section 
must include a detailed description of the methodology and assumptions 
used to derive the expenditure amounts under both systems. In instances 
where the assumptions are different under the projections cited in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the State must provide a detailed 
explanation of the reasons for the differences. At a minimum, the 
following separate data and assumptions are to be included in the 
projections for the Medicare principles and for the State's system.
    (i) The State system base year and the Medicare allowable and 
reimbursable cost of each hospital that the State used to develop the 
projections, including the amount of estimated pass through costs.
    (ii) The categories of costs that are included in the State system 
and are reimbursed differently under the State system than under the 
Medicare system.
    (iii) The number of Medicare and total base year discharges and 
admissions for each hospital.

[[Page 49]]

    (iv) The rate of change factor (and the method of application of 
this factor) used to project the base year costs over the 36-month 
period to which the assurance would apply.
    (v) Any allowance for anticipated growth in the amount of services 
from the base year (if applicable, the allowance must be presented in 
separate estimates for population increases or for increases in rates of 
admissions or both).
    (vi) Any adjustment in which the State is permitted by CMS to take 
into account previous reductions in the Medicare payment amounts that 
were the result of the effectiveness of the State's system even though 
Medicare was not a part of that system.
    (vii) Appropriate recognition and projection of the time value of 
trust fund expenditures for the period the State system expenditures 
were either less than or exceeded the Medicare system payments.
    (viii) States applying under a rate of increase effectiveness test 
under Sec. 403.304(c)(3) must also submit data projecting the parallel 
rates of increase during the requisite period.
    (4) The projections must include both the aggregate payments and the 
payments per discharge for the individual hospitals and for the State as 
a whole.
    (5) On a case-by-case basis. CMS may require additional data and 
documentation as needed to complete its review and monitoring.
    (6) For existing Medicare demonstration projects in effect on April 
20, 1983, the assurance and data as required by paragraphs (a) and (b) 
of this section, if appropriate, may be based on aggregate payments or 
payments per inpatient admission or discharge. CMS will judge the 
effectiveness of these systems on the basis of the rate of increase or 
inflation in Medicare inpatient hospital payments compared to the 
national rate of increase or inflation for such payments during the 
State's hospitals' three cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1983. The data submitted by the State for the period subject 
to the rate of increase test must include the rate of increase 
projection for that particular period of time. For the subsequent period 
of time, the State must assure that payments under its system will not 
exceed what Medicare payments would have been, as described in Sec. 
403.304(c)(3).
    (7) If the amount of Medicare payments under the State system 
exceeds what would have been paid under the Medicare reimbursement 
principles in any given year, the State must also submit quantitative 
evidence that the system will result in expenditures that do not exceed 
what Medicare expenditures would have been over the 36 month period 
beginning with the first month that the State system is operating. For a 
State that has an existing demonstration project in effect on April 20, 
1983, and that elects under Sec. 403.304(c)(3) to have a rate of 
increase test apply, if the State's rate of increase or inflation 
exceeds the national rate of increase or inflation in a given year, the 
State must submit quantitative evidence that, over 36 months, its 
payments will not exceed the national rate of increase or inflation. 
Furthermore, if payments under the State's system must be compared to 
actual Medicare expenditures, at the end of the third cost reporting 
period, as described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, and payments 
under the State's system exceed what Medicare would have paid in a given 
year, the State must submit quantitative evidence that, over 36 months, 
payments under its system will not exceed what Medicare would have paid.
    (c) Review of assurances regarding expenditures. CMS will review the 
State's assurances and data submitted under this section, as a 
prerequisite to the approval of the State's system. CMS will compare the 
State's projections of payment amounts to CMS data in order to determine 
if the State's assurance is reasonable and fully supportable. If the CMS 
data indicate that the State's system would result in payment amounts 
that would be more then that which would have been paid under the 
Medicare principles, the State's assurances would not be acceptable. For 
States applying in accordance with Sec. 403.308, if CMS data indicate 
that the State's system would result in a rate of increase or inflation 
that would be more than the national rate of increase or inflation, the 
State's assurances would not be acceptable.

[[Page 50]]

    (d) Medicaid upper limit. In accordance with Sec. 447.253 of this 
chapter, the State system may not result in aggregate payments for 
Medicaid inpatient hospital services that would exceed the amount that 
would have otherwise have been paid under the Medicare principles as 
applied through the State system.
    (e) Monitoring of Medicare expenditures. CMS will monitor on a 
quarterly basis expenditures under the State's system as compared to 
what Medicare expenditures would have been if the system had not been in 
effect. If CMS determines at any time that the payments made under the 
State's system exceed the States' projections, as established by the 
satisfactory assurances required under Sec. 403.304(c) and, if 
appropriate, the predetermined percentage relationship of the payments 
as required under Sec. 403.304(d). CMS will--
    (1) Conclude that payments under the State system over a 36-month 
period will exceed what Medicare would have paid:
    (2) Terminate the waiver; and
    (3) Recoup overpayments to the affected hospitals in accordance with 
the procedures described in Sec. 403.310.



Sec. 403.321  State systems for hospital outpatient services.

    CMS may approve a State's application for approval of an outpatient 
system if the following conditions are met:
    (a) The State's inpatient system is approved.
    (b) The State's outpatient application meets the requirements and 
assurances for an inpatient system described in Sec. 403.304 (b) and 
(c), and Sec. 403.306 (b)(1) and (b)(2)(ii).
    (c) The State submits a separate application that provides separate 
assurances and estimates and data in further support of its assurance 
submitted under paragraph (b)(1) of Sec. 403.320, as follows:
    (1) Upon application for approval, the State must submit estimates 
and data that include, but are not limited to, projections for the first 
12-month period covered by the assurance for each hospital, in both the 
aggregate and on an average cost per service and payment basis, of 
Medicare outpatient expenditures under Medicare principles of 
reimbursement; parallel projections of Medicare outpatient expenditures 
under the State system; and the resulting cost or savings to Medicare 
independent of the State system for hospital inpatient services.
    (2) The State must submit separate statewide projections for each 
year of the 36-month period of the aggregate outpatient expenditures for 
each system. The projections submitted under this paragraph must--
    (i) Comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b) (3) and (5) of 
Sec. 403.320 regarding a detailed description of the methodology used 
to derive the expenditure amounts:
    (ii) Include the data and assumptions set forth in paragraphs (b)(3) 
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v) of Sec. 403.320; and
    (iii) Include any assumption the State has adopted for establishing 
the number of Medicare and total base year outpatient services for each 
hospital.
    (3) The State must provide a detailed explanation of the reasons for 
any difference between the data or assumptions used for the separate 
projections.



Sec. 403.322  Termination of agreements for Medicare recognition of State 
systems.

    (a) Termination of agreements. (1) CMS may terminate any approved 
agreement if it finds, after the procedures described in this paragraph 
are followed that the State system does not satisfactorily meet the 
requirements of section 1886(c) of the Act or the regulations in this 
subpart. A termination must be effective on the last day of a calendar 
quarter.
    (2) CMS will give the State reasonable notice of the proposed 
termination of an agreement and of the reasons for the termination at 
least 90 days before the effective date of the termination.
    (3) CMS will give the State the opportunity to present evidence to 
refute the finding.
    (4) CMS will issue a final notice of termination upon a final review 
and determination on the State's evidence.
    (b) Termination by State. A State may voluntarily terminate a State 
system by giving CMS notice of its intent to

[[Page 51]]

terminate. A termination must be effective on the last day of a calendar 
quarter. The State must notify CMS of its intent to terminate at least 
90 days before the effective date of the termination.

Subpart D [Reserved]



         Subpart E_Beneficiary Counseling and Assistance Grants

    Source: 59 FR 51128, Oct. 7, 1994, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 403.500  Basis, scope, and definition.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements, in part, the provisions of 
section 4360 of Public Law 101-508 by establishing a minimum level of 
funding for grants made to States for the purpose of providing 
information, counseling, and assistance relating to obtaining adequate 
and appropriate health insurance coverage to individuals eligible to 
receive benefits under the Medicare program.
    (b) Scope of subpart. This subpart sets forth the following:
    (1) Conditions of eligibility for the grant.
    (2) Minimum levels of funding for those States qualifying for the 
grants.
    (3) Reporting requirements.
    (c) Definition. For purposes of this subpart, the term ``State'' 
includes (except where otherwise indicated by the context) the 50 
States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the 
Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa.



Sec. 403.501  Eligibility for grants.

    To be eligible for a grant under this subpart, the State must have 
an approved Medicare supplemental regulatory program under section 1882 
of the Act and submit a timely application to CMS that meets the 
requirements of--
    (a) Section 4360 of Public Law 101-508 (42 USC 1395b-4);
    (b) This subpart; and
    (c) The applicable solicitation for grant applications issued by 
CMS.



Sec. 403.502  Availability of grants.

    CMS awards grants to States subject to availability of funds, and if 
applicable, subject to the satisfactory progress in the State's project 
during the preceding grant period. The criteria by which progress is 
evaluated and the performance standards for determining whether 
satisfactory progress has been made are specified in the terms and 
conditions included in the notice of grant award sent to each State. CMS 
advises each State as to when to make application, what to include in 
the application, and provides information as to the timing of the grant 
award and the duration of the grant award. CMS also provides an estimate 
of the amount of funds that may be available to the State.

[71 FR 30290, May 26, 2006]



Sec. 403.504  Number and size of grants.

    (a) General. For available grant funds, up to and including 
$10,000,000, grants will be made to States according to the terms and 
formula in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. For any available 
grant funds in excess of $10,000,000, distribution of grants will be at 
the discretion of CMS, and will be made according to criteria that CMS 
will communicate to the States via grant solicitation. CMS will provide 
information to each State as to what must be included in the application 
for grant funds. CMS awards the following type of grants:
    (1) New program grants.
    (2) Existing program enhancement grants.
    (b) Grant award. Subject to the availability of funds, each eligible 
State that submits an acceptable application receives a grant that 
includes a fixed amount (minimum funding level) and a variable amount.
    (1) A fixed portion is awarded to States in the following amounts:
    (i) Each of the 50 States, $75,000.
    (ii) The District of Columbia, $75,000.
    (iii) Puerto Rico, $75,000.
    (iv) American Samoa, $25,000.
    (v) Guam, $25,000.
    (vi) The Virgin Islands, $25,000.
    (2) A variable portion, which is based on the number and location of 
Medicare beneficiaries residing in the State is awarded to each State. 
The variable amount a particular State receives is determined as set 
forth in paragraph (c) of this section.

[[Page 52]]

    (c) Calculation of variable portion of the grant. (1) CMS bases the 
variable portion of the grant on--
    (i) The amount of available funds, and
    (ii) A comparison of each State with the average of all of the 
States (except the State being compared) with respect to three factors 
that relate to the size of the State's Medicare population and where 
that population resides.
    (2) The factors CMS uses to compare States' Medicare populations 
comprise separate components of the variable amount. These factors, and 
the extent to which they each contribute to the variable amount, are as 
follows:
    (i) Approximately 75 percent of the variable amount is based on the 
number of Medicare beneficiaries living in the State as a percentage of 
all Medicare beneficiaries nationwide.
    (ii) Approximately 10 percent of the variable amount is based on the 
percentage of the State's total population who are Medicare 
beneficiaries.
    (iii) Approximately 15 percent of the variable amount is based on 
the percentage of the State's Medicare beneficiaries that reside in 
rural areas (``rural areas'' are defined as all areas not included 
within a Metropolitan Statistical Area).
    (3) Based on the foregoing four factors (that is, the amount of 
available funds and the three comparative factors), CMS determines a 
variable rate for each participating State for each grant period.
    (d) Submission of revised budget. A State that receives an amount of 
grant funds under this subpart that differs from the amount requested in 
the budget submitted with its application must submit a revised budget 
to CMS, along with its acceptance of the grant award, that reflects the 
amount awarded.

[59 FR 51128, Oct. 7, 1994, as amended at 65 FR 34986, June 1, 2000; 71 
FR 30290, May 26, 2006]



Sec. 403.508  Limitations.

    (a) Use of grants. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section, and in the terms and conditions in the notice of grant award, a 
State that receives a grant under this subpart may use the grant for any 
reasonable expenses for planning, developing, implementing, and/or 
operating the program for which the grant is made as described in the 
solicitation for application for the grant.
    (b) Maintenance of effort. A State that receives a grant to 
supplement an existing program (that is, an existing program enhancement 
grant)--
    (1) Must not use the grant to supplant funds for activities that 
were conducted immediately preceding the date of the initial award of a 
grant made under this subpart and funded through other sources 
(including in-kind contributions).
    (2) Must maintain the activities of the program at least at the 
level that those activities were conducted immediately preceding the 
initial award of a grant made under this subpart.

[59 FR 51128, Oct. 7, 1994, as amended at 65 FR 34986, June 1, 2000; 71 
FR 30290, May 26, 2006]



Sec. 403.510  Reporting requirements.

    A State that receives a grant under this subpart must submit at 
least one annual report to CMS and any additional reports as CMS may 
prescribe in the notice of grant award. CMS advises the State of the 
requirements concerning the frequency, timing, and contents of reports 
in the notice of grant award that it sends to the State.



Sec. 403.512  Administration.

    (a) General. Administration of grants will be in accordance with the 
provisions of this subpart, 45 CFR part 92 (``Uniform Administrative 
Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local 
Governments''), 45 CFR 74.4, the terms of the solicitation, and the 
terms of the notice of grant award. Except for the minimum funding 
levels established by Sec. 403.504(b)(1), in the event of conflict 
between a provision of the notice of grant award, any provision of the 
solicitation, or of any regulation enumerated in 45 CFR 74.4 or in part 
92, the terms of the notice of grant award control.
    (b) Notice. CMS provides notice to each applicant regarding CMS's 
decision on an application for grant funding under Sec. 403.504.
    (c) Appeal. Any applicant for a grant under this subpart has the 
right to appeal CMS's determination regarding its

[[Page 53]]

application. Appeal procedures are governed by the regulations at 45 CFR 
part 16 (Procedures of the Departmental Grant Appeals Board).

Subpart F [Reserved]



   Subpart G_Religious Nonmedical Health Care Institutions_Benefits, 
                Conditions of Participation, and Payment

    Source: 64 FR 67047, Nov. 30, 1999, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 403.700  Basis and purpose.

    This subpart implements sections 1821; 1861(e), (y), and (ss); 1869; 
and 1878 of the Act regarding Medicare payment for inpatient hospital or 
posthospital extended care services furnished to eligible beneficiaries 
in religious nonmedical health care institutions.



Sec. 403.702  Definitions and terms.

    For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions and terms 
apply:
    Election means a written statement signed by the beneficiary or the 
beneficiary's legal representative indicating the beneficiary's choice 
to receive nonmedical care or treatment for religious reasons.
    Excepted medical care means medical care that is received 
involuntarily or required under Federal, State, or local laws.
    FFY stands for Federal fiscal year.
    Medical care or treatment means health care furnished by or under 
the direction of a licensed physician that can involve diagnosing, 
treating, or preventing disease and other damage to the mind and body. 
It may involve the use of pharmaceuticals, diet, exercise, surgical 
intervention, and technical procedures.
    Nonexcepted medical care means medical care (other than excepted 
medical care) that is sought by or for a beneficiary who has elected 
religious nonmedical health care institution services.
    Religious nonmedical care or religious method of healing means 
health care furnished under established religious tenets that prohibit 
conventional or unconventional medical care for the treatment of a 
beneficiary, and the sole reliance on these religious tenets to fulfill 
a beneficiary's total health care needs.
    RNHCI stands for ``religious nonmedical health care institution,'' 
as defined in section 1861(ss)(1) of the Act.
    Religious nonmedical nursing personnel means individuals who are 
grounded in the religious beliefs of the RNHCI, trained and experienced 
in the principles of nonmedical care, and formally recognized as 
competent in the administration of care within their religious 
nonmedical health care group.



Sec. 403.720  Conditions for coverage.

    Medicare covers services furnished in an RNHCI if the following 
conditions are met:
    (a) The provider meets the definition of an RNHCI as defined in 
section 1861(ss)(1) of the Act. That is, it is an institution that:
    (1) Is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 and is exempt from taxes under section 501(a).
    (2) Is lawfully operated under all applicable Federal, State, and 
local laws and regulations.
    (3) Furnishes only nonmedical nursing items and services to 
beneficiaries who choose to rely solely upon a religious method of 
healing and for whom the acceptance of medical services would be 
inconsistent with their religious beliefs.
    (4) Furnishes nonmedical items and services exclusively through 
nonmedical nursing personnel who are experienced in caring for the 
physical needs of nonmedical patients.
    (5) Furnishes nonmedical items and services to inpatients on a 24-
hour basis.
    (6) Does not furnish, on the basis of religious beliefs, through its 
personnel or otherwise medical items and services (including any medical 
screening, examination, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, or the 
administration of drugs) for its patients.
    (7) Is not owned by, is not under common ownership with, or does not 
have an ownership interest of 5 percent or more in, a provider of 
medical treatment or services and is not affiliated with a provider of 
medical treatment

[[Page 54]]

or services or with an individual who has an ownership interest of 5 
percent or more in, a provider of medical treatment or services. 
(Permissible affiliations are described at Sec. 403.738(c).)
    (8) Has in effect a utilization review plan that sets forth the 
following:
    (i) Provides for review of the admissions to the institution, the 
duration of stays, and the need for continuous extended duration of 
stays in the institution, and the items and services furnished by the 
institution.
    (ii) Requires that reviews be made by an appropriate committee of 
the institution that included the individuals responsible for overall 
administration and for supervision of nursing personnel at the 
institution.
    (iii) Provides that records be maintained of the meetings, 
decisions, and actions of the review committee.
    (iv) Meets other requirements as the Secretary finds necessary to 
establish an effective utilization review plan.
    (9) Provides information CMS may require to implement section 1821 
of the Act, including information relating to quality of care and 
coverage decisions.
    (10) Meets other requirements CMS finds necessary in the interest of 
the health and safety of the patients who receive services in the 
institution. These requirements are the conditions of participation in 
this subpart.
    (b) The provider meets the conditions of participation cited in 
Sec. Sec. 403.730 through 403.746. (A provider may be deemed to meet 
conditions of participation in accordance with part 488 of this 
chapter.)
    (c) The provider has a valid provider agreement as a hospital with 
CMS in accordance with part 489 of this chapter and for payment purposes 
is classified as an extended care hospital.
    (d) The beneficiary has a condition that would make him or her 
eligible to receive services covered under Medicare Part A as an 
inpatient in a hospital or SNF.
    (e) The beneficiary has a valid election as described in Sec. 
403.724 in effect for Medicare covered services furnished in an RNHCI.



Sec. 403.724  Valid election requirements.

    (a) General requirements. An election statement must be made by the 
Medicare beneficiary or his or her legal representative.
    (1) The election must be a written statement that must include the 
following statements:
    (i) The beneficiary is conscientiously opposed to acceptance of 
nonexcepted medical treatment.
    (ii) The beneficiary acknowledges that the acceptance of nonexcepted 
medical treatment is inconsistent with his or her sincere religious 
beliefs.
    (iii) The beneficiary acknowledges that the receipt of nonexcepted 
medical treatment constitutes a revocation of the election and may limit 
further receipt of services in an RNHCI.
    (iv) The beneficiary acknowledges that the election may be revoked 
by submitting a written statement to CMS.
    (v) The beneficiary acknowledges that revocation of the election 
will not prevent or delay access to medical services available under 
Medicare Part A in facilities other than RNHCIs.
    (2) The election must be signed and dated by the beneficiary or his 
or her legal representative.
    (3) The election must be notarized.
    (4) The RNHCI must keep a copy of the election statement on file and 
submit the original to CMS with any information obtained regarding prior 
elections or revocations.
    (5) The election becomes effective on the date it is signed.
    (6) The election remains in effect until revoked.
    (b) Revocation of election. (1) A beneficiary's election is revoked 
by one of the following:
    (i) The beneficiary receives nonexcepted medical treatment for which 
Medicare payment is requested.
    (ii) The beneficiary voluntarily revokes the election and notifies 
CMS in writing.
    (2) The receipt of excepted medical treatment as defined in Sec. 
403.702 does not revoke the election made by a beneficiary.
    (c) Limitation on subsequent elections. (1) If a beneficiary's 
election has been made and revoked twice, the following

[[Page 55]]

limitations on subsequent elections apply:
    (i) The third election is not effective until 1 year after the date 
of the most recent revocation.
    (ii) Any succeeding elections are not effective until 5 years after 
the date of the most recent revocation.
    (2) CMS will not accept as the basis for payment of any claim any 
elections executed on or after January 1 of the calendar year in which 
the sunset provision described in Sec. 403.756 becomes effective.



Sec. 403.730  Condition of participation: Patient rights.

    An RNHCI must protect and promote each patient's rights.
    (a) Standard: Notice of rights. The RNHCI must do the following:
    (1) Inform each patient of his or her rights in advance of 
furnishing patient care.
    (2) Have a process for prompt resolution of grievances, including a 
specific person within the facility whom a patient may contact to file a 
grievance. In addition, the facility must provide patients with 
information about the facility's process as well as with contact 
information for appropriate State and Federal resources.
    (b) Standard: Exercise of rights. The patient has the right to:
    (1) Be informed of his or her rights and to participate in the 
development and implementation of his or her plan of care.
    (2) Make decisions regarding his or her care, including transfer and 
discharge from the RNHCI. (See Sec. 403.736 for discharge and transfer 
requirements.)
    (3) Formulate advance directives and expect staff who furnish care 
in the RNHCI to comply with those directives, in accordance with part 
489, subpart I of this chapter. For purposes of conforming with the 
requirement in Sec. 489.102 that there be documentation in the 
patient's medical records concerning advanced directives, the patient 
care records of a beneficiary in an RNHCI are equivalent to medical 
records held by other providers.
    (c) Standard: Privacy and safety. The patient has the right to the 
following:
    (1) Personal privacy.
    (2) Care in a safe setting.
    (3) Freedom from verbal, psychological, and physical abuse, and 
misappropriation of property.
    (4) Freedom from the use of restraints.
    (5) Freedom from involuntary seclusion.
    (d) Standard: Confidentiality of patient records. For any patient 
care records or election information it maintains on patients, the RNHCI 
must establish procedures to do the following:
    (1) Safeguard the privacy of any information that identifies a 
particular patient. Information from, or copies of, records may be 
released only to authorized individuals, and the RNHCI must ensure that 
unauthorized individuals cannot gain access to or alter patient records. 
Original patient care records must be released only in accordance with 
Federal or State laws, court orders, or subpoenas.
    (2) Maintain the records and information in an accurate and timely 
manner.
    (3) Ensure timely access by patients to the records and other 
information that pertains to that patient.
    (4) Abide by all Federal and State laws regarding confidentiality 
and disclosure for patient care records and election information.



Sec. 403.732  Condition of participation: Quality assessment and performance 
improvement.

    The RNHCI must develop, implement, and maintain a quality assessment 
and performance improvement program.
    (a) Standard: Program scope. (1) The quality assessment and 
performance improvement program must include, but is not limited to, 
measures to evaluate:
    (i) Access to care.
    (ii) Patient satisfaction.
    (iii) Staff performance.
    (iv) Complaints and grievances.
    (v) Discharge planning activities.
    (vi) Safety issues, including physical environment.
    (2) In each of the areas listed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, 
and any other areas the RNHCI includes, the RNHCI must do the following:
    (i) Define quality assessment and performance improvement measures.

[[Page 56]]

    (ii) Describe and outline quality assessment and performance 
improvement activities appropriate for the services furnished by or in 
the RNHCI.
    (iii) Measure, analyze, and track performance that reflect care and 
RNHCI processes.
    (iv) Inform all patients, in writing, of the scope and 
responsibilities of the quality assessment and performance improvement 
program.
    (3) The RNHCI must set priorities for performance improvement, 
considering the prevalence of and severity of identified problems.
    (4) The RNHCI must act to make performance improvements and must 
track performance to assure that improvements are sustained.
    (b) Standard: Program responsibilities. (1) The governing body, 
administration, and staff are responsible for ensuring that the quality 
assessment and performance improvement program addresses identified 
priorities in the RNHCI and are responsible for the development, 
implementation, maintenance, and performance improvement of assessment 
actions.
    (2) The RNHCI must include all programs, departments, functions, and 
contracted services when developing, implementing, maintaining, and 
evaluating the program of quality assessment and performance 
improvement.



Sec. 403.734  Condition of participation: Food services.

    The RNHCI must have an organized food service that is directed and 
adequately staffed by qualified personnel.
    (a) Standard: Sanitary conditions. The RNHCI must furnish food to 
the patient that is obtained, stored, prepared, distributed, and served 
under sanitary conditions.
    (b) Standard: Meals. The RNHCI must serve meals that furnish each 
patient with adequate nourishment in accordance with the recommended 
dietary allowances of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National 
Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. The RNHCI must do the 
following:
    (1) Furnish food that is palatable, attractive, and at the proper 
temperature and consistency.
    (2) Offer substitutes of similar nourishment to patients who refuse 
food served or desire alternative choices.
    (3) Furnish meals at regular times comparable to normal mealtimes in 
the community. There must be no more than 14 hours between a substantial 
evening meal and breakfast the following day.
    (4) The RNHCI must offer snacks at bedtime.



Sec. 403.736  Condition of participation: Discharge planning.

    The RNHCI must have in effect a discharge planning process that 
applies to all patients. The process must assure that appropriate post-
institution services are obtained for each patient, as necessary.
    (a) Standard: Discharge planning evaluation. (1) The RNHCI must 
assess the need for a discharge plan for any patient identified as 
likely to suffer adverse consequences if there is no planning and for 
any other patient upon his or her request or at the request of his or 
her legal representative. This discharge planning evaluation must be 
initiated at admission and must include the following:
    (i) An assessment of the possibility of a patient needing post-RNHCI 
services and of the availability of those services.
    (ii) An assessment of the probability of a patient's capacity for 
self-care or of the possibility of the patient being cared for in the 
environment from which he or she entered the RNHCI.
    (2) The staff must complete the assessment on a timely basis so that 
arrangements for post-RNHCI care are made before discharge and so that 
unnecessary delays in discharge are avoided.
    (3) The discharge planning evaluation must be included in the 
patient's care record for use in establishing an appropriate discharge 
plan. Staff must discuss the results of the discharge planning 
evaluation with the patient or a legal representative acting on his or 
her behalf.
    (b) Standard: Discharge plan. (1) If the discharge planning 
evaluation indicates a need for a discharge plan, qualified and 
experienced personnel must

[[Page 57]]

develop or supervise the development of the plan.
    (2) In the absence of a finding by the RNHCI that the beneficiary 
needs a discharge plan, the beneficiary or his or her legal 
representative may request a discharge plan. In this case, the RNHCI 
must develop a discharge plan for the beneficiary.
    (3) The RNHCI must arrange for the initial implementation of the 
beneficiary's discharge plan.
    (4) If there are factors that may affect continuing care needs or 
the appropriateness of the discharge plan, the RNHCI must reevaluate the 
beneficiary's discharge plan.
    (5) The RNHCI must inform the beneficiary or legal representative 
about the beneficiary's post-RNHCI care requirements.
    (6) The discharge plan must inform the beneficiary or his or her 
legal representative about the freedom to choose among providers of care 
when a variety of providers is available that are willing to respect the 
discharge preferences of the beneficiary or legal representative.
    (c) Standard: Transfer or referral. The RNHCI must transfer or refer 
patients in a timely manner to another facility (including a medical 
facility if requested by the beneficiary, or his or her legal 
representative) in accordance with Sec. 403.730(b)(2).
    (d) Standard: Reassessment. The RNHCI must reassess its discharge 
planning process on an ongoing basis. The reassessment must include a 
review of discharge plans to ensure that they are responsive to 
discharge needs.

[64 FR 67047, Nov. 30, 1999, as amended at 68 FR 66720, Nov. 28, 2003]



Sec. 403.738  Condition of participation: Administration.

    An RNHCI must have written policies regarding its organization, 
services, and administration.
    (a) Standard: Compliance with Federal, State, and local laws. The 
RNHCI must operate in compliance with all applicable Federal, State, and 
local laws, regulations, and codes including, but not limited to, those 
pertaining to the following:
    (1) Protection against discrimination on the basis of race, color, 
national origin, age, or handicap (45 CFR parts 80, 84, and 91).
    (2) Protection of human research subjects (45 CFR part 46).
    (3) Application of all safeguards to protect against the possibility 
of fraud and abuse (42 CFR part 455).
    (4) Privacy of individually identifiable health information (45 CFR 
part 164).
    (b) Standard: Governing body. (1) The RNHCI must have a governing 
body, or a person designated to function as a governing body, that is 
legally responsible for establishing and implementing all policies 
regarding the RNHCI's management and operation.
    (2) The governing body must appoint the administrator responsible 
for the management of the RNHCI.
    (c) Standard: Affiliations and disclosure. (1) An affiliation is 
permissible if it is between one of the following:
    (i) An individual serving as an uncompensated director, trustee, 
officer, or other member of the governing body of an RNHCI and a 
provider of medical treatment or services.
    (ii) An individual who is a director, trustee, officer, employee, or 
staff member of an RNHCI and another individual, with whom he or she has 
a family relationship, who is affiliated with (or has an ownership 
interest in) a provider of medical treatment or services.
    (iii) The RNHCI and an individual or entity furnishing goods or 
services as a vendor to both providers of medical treatment or services 
and RNHCIs.
    (2) The RNHCI complies with the disclosure requirements of 
Sec. Sec. 420.206 and 455.104 of this chapter.
    (3) The RNHCI furnishes written notice, including the identity of 
each new individual or company, to CMS at the time of a change, if a 
change occurs in any of the following:
    (i) Persons with an ownership or control interest, as defined in 
Sec. Sec. 420.201 and 455.101 of this chapter.
    (ii) The officers, directors, agents, or managing employees.
    (iii) The religious entity, corporation, association, or other 
company responsible for the management of the RNHCI.

[[Page 58]]

    (iv) The RNHCI's administrator or director of nonmedical nursing 
services.

[64 FR 67047, Nov. 30, 1999, as amended at 68 FR 66720, Nov. 28, 2003]



Sec. 403.740  Condition of participation: Staffing.

    The RNHCI must be staffed with qualified experienced personnel who 
are present in sufficient numbers to meet the needs of the patients.
    (a) Standard: Personnel qualifications. The RNHCI must ensure that 
staff who supervise or furnish services to patients are qualified to do 
so and that staff allowed to practice without direct supervision have 
specific training to furnish these services.
    (b) Standard: Education, training, and performance evaluation. (1) 
The RNHCI must ensure that staff (including contractors and other 
individuals working under arrangement) have the necessary education and 
training concerning their duties so that they can furnish services 
competently. This education includes, but is not limited to, training 
related to the individual job description, performance expectations, 
applicable organizational policies and procedures, and safety 
responsibilities.
    (2) Staff must demonstrate, in practice, the skills and techniques 
necessary to perform their duties and responsibilities.
    (3) The RNHCI must evaluate the performance of staff and implement 
measures for improvement.



Sec. 403.742  Condition of participation: Physical environment.

    A RNHCI must be designed, constructed, and maintained to ensure the 
safety of the patients, staff, and the public.
    (a) Standard: Buildings. The physical plant and the overall 
environment must be maintained in a manner that ensures the safety and 
well-being of the patients. The RNHCI must have the following:
    (1) Emergency power for emergency lights, for fire detection and 
alarm systems, and for fire extinguishing systems.
    (2) Procedures for the proper storage and disposal of trash.
    (3) Proper ventilation and temperature control and appropriate 
lighting levels to ensure a safe and secure environment.
    (4) A written disaster plan to address loss of power, water, sewage, 
and other emergencies.
    (5) Facilities for emergency gas and water supply.
    (6) An effective pest control program.
    (7) A preventive maintenance program to maintain essential 
mechanical, electrical, and fire protection equipment operating in an 
efficient and safe manner.
    (8) A working call system for patients to summon aid or assistance.
    (b) Standard: Patient rooms. Patient rooms must be designed and 
equipped for adequate care, comfort, and privacy of the patient.
    (1) Patient rooms must meet the following conditions:
    (i) Accommodate no more than four patients.
    (ii) Measure at least 80 square feet per patient in multiple patient 
rooms and at least 100 square feet in single patient rooms.
    (iii) Have direct access to an exit corridor.
    (iv) Be designed or equipped to assure full visual privacy for each 
patient.
    (v) Have at least one window to the outside.
    (vi) Have a floor at or above grade level.
    (2) The RNHCI must furnish each patient with the following:
    (i) A separate bed of proper size and height for the convenience of 
the patient.
    (ii) A clean, comfortable mattress.
    (iii) Bedding appropriate to the weather and climate.
    (iv) Functional furniture appropriate to the patient's needs and 
individual closet space with clothes racks and shelves accessible to the 
patient.
    (3) CMS may permit variances in requirements specified in paragraphs 
(b)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section relating to rooms on an individual 
basis when the RNHCI adequately demonstrates in writing that the 
variances meet the following:
    (i) Are in accordance with the special needs of the patients.
    (ii) Will not adversely affect patients' health and safety.

[[Page 59]]



Sec. 403.744  Condition of participation: Life safety from fire.

    (a) General. An RNHCI must meet the following conditions:
    (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section--
    (i) The RNHCI must meet the applicable provisions of the 2000 
edition of the Life Safety Code of the National Fire Protection 
Association. The Director of the Office of the Federal Register has 
approved the NFPA 101 [reg] 2000 edition of the Life Safety 
Code, issued January 14, 2000, for incorporation by reference in 
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. A copy of the Code is 
available for inspection at the CMS Information Resource Center, 7500 
Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD or at the National Archives and 
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of 
this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html. Copies may be obtained from the National Fire Protection 
Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. If any changes in 
this edition of the Code are incorporated by reference, CMS will publish 
notice in the Federal Register to announce the changes.
    (ii) Chapter 19.3.6.3.2, exception number 2 of the adopted Life 
Safety Code does not apply to an RNHCI.
    (2) The RNHCI must have written fire control plans that contain 
provisions for prompt reporting of fires; extinguishing fires; 
protection of patients, staff, and the public; evacuation; and 
cooperation with fire fighting authorities.
    (3) The RNHCI must maintain written evidence of regular inspection 
and approval by State or local fire control agencies.
    (4) Notwithstanding any provisions of the 2000 edition of the Life 
Safety Code to the contrary, the RNHCI may place alcohol-based hand rub 
dispensers in its facility if--
    (i) Use of alcohol-based hand rub dispensers does not conflict with 
any State or local codes that prohibit or otherwise restrict the 
placement of alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in health care 
facilities;
    (ii) The dispensers are installed in a manner that minimizes leaks 
and spills that could lead to falls;
    (iii) The dispensers are installed in a manner that adequately 
protects against access by vulnerable populations; and
    (iv) The dispensers are installed in accordance with chapter 
18.3.2.7 or chapter 19.3.2.7 of the 2000 edition of the Life Safety 
Code, as amended by NFPA Temporary Interim Amendment 00-1(101), issued 
by the Standards Council of the National Fire Protection Association on 
April 15, 2004. The Director of the Office of the Federal Register has 
approved NFPA Temporary Interim Amendment 00-1(101) for incorporation by 
reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. A copy 
of the amendment is available for inspection at the CMS Information 
Resource Center, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD and at the 
Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW., Suite 700, 
Washington, DC. Copies may be obtained from the National Fire Protection 
Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. If any additional 
changes are made to this amendment, CMS will publish notice in the 
Federal Register to announce the changes.
    (b) Exceptions. (1) If application of the Life Safety Code required 
under paragraph (a)(1) of this section would result in unreasonable 
hardship upon the RNHCI, CMS may waive specific provisions of the Life 
Safety Code, but only if the waiver does not adversely affect the health 
and safety of patients.
    (2) If CMS finds that the fire and safety code imposed by State law 
adequately protects patients in the institution, the provisions of the 
Life Safety Code required in paragraph (a)(1) of this section do not 
apply in that State.
    (c) Phase-in period. Beginning March 13, 2006, an RNHCI must be in 
compliance with Chapter 19.2.9, Emergency Lighting. Beginning March 13, 
2006, Chapter 19.3.6.3.2, exception number 2 does not apply to RNHCIs.

[64 FR 67047, Nov. 30, 1999, as amended at 68 FR 1385, Jan. 10, 2003; 69 
FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 69 FR 49240, Aug. 11, 2004; 70 FR 15237, Mar. 
25, 2005; 70 FR 71007, Nov. 25, 2005]

[[Page 60]]


    Effective Date Note: At 71 FR 55339, Sept. 22, 2006, Sec. 403.744 
was amended by revising paragraph (a)(4)(iii), amending paragraph 
(a)(4)(iv) by removing the last sentence and by removing the period at 
the end of the paragraph and adding in its place ``; and'' and by adding 
paragraph (a)(4)(v), effective October 23, 2006. For the convenience of 
the user, the revised and added text is set forth as follows:



Sec. 403.744  Condition of participation: Life safety from fire.

    (a) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (iii) The dispensers are installed in a manner that adequately 
protects against inappropriate access;

                                * * * * *

    (v) The dispensers are maintained in accordance with dispenser 
manufacturer guidelines.

                                * * * * *



Sec. 403.746  Condition of participation: Utilization review.

    The RNHCI must have in effect a written utilization review plan to 
assess the necessity of services furnished. The plan must provide that 
records be maintained of all meetings, decisions, and actions by the 
utilization review committee.
    (a) Standard: Utilization review plan. The utilization review plan 
must contain written procedures for evaluating the following:
    (1) Admissions.
    (2) Duration of care.
    (3) Continuing care of an extended duration.
    (4) Items and services furnished.
    (b) Standard: Utilization review committee. The committee is 
responsible for evaluating each admission and ensuring that the 
admission is necessary and appropriate. The utilization review plan must 
be carried out by the utilization review committee, consisting of the 
governing body, administrator or other individual responsible for the 
overall administration of the RNHCI, the supervisor of nursing staff, 
and other staff as appropriate.
    (c) Standard: Utilization review committee role in RNHCI home 
services. In addition to the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (b) of 
this section, the utilization review committee is responsible for:
    (1) The admission, and at least every 30 days, the continued care 
review of each patient in the RHNCI home services program.
    (2) Oversight and monitoring of the home services program, including 
the purchase and utilization of designated durable medical equipment 
items for beneficiaries in the program.

[64 FR 67047, Nov. 30, 1999, as amended at 69 FR 66419, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 403.750  Estimate of expenditures and adjustments.

    (a) Estimates. CMS estimates the level of expenditures for services 
provided under this subpart before the start of each FFY beginning with 
FFY 2000.
    (b) Adjustments to payments. When the level of estimated 
expenditures is projected to exceed the FFY trigger level as described 
in paragraph (d) of this section, for the year of the projection, 
payments to RNHCIs will be reduced by a proportional percentage to 
prevent estimated expenditures from exceeding the trigger level. In 
addition to reducing payments proportionally, CMS may impose alternative 
adjustments.
    (c) Notification of adjustments. CMS notifies participating RNHCIs 
before the start of the FFY of the type and level of expenditure 
reductions to be made and when these adjustments will apply.
    (d) Calculation of trigger level. The trigger level for FFY 1998 is 
$20,000,000. For subsequent FFYs, the trigger level is the unadjusted 
trigger level increased or decreased by the carry forward as described 
in Sec. 403.754(b). The unadjusted trigger level is the base year 
amount (the unadjusted trigger level dollar amount for the prior FFY) 
increased by the average consumer price index (the single numerical 
value published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics that presents 
the relationship in United States urban areas for the current cost of 
goods and services compared to a base year, to represent the change in 
spending power) for the 12-month period ending on July 31 preceding the 
beginning of the FFY.

[[Page 61]]



Sec. 403.752  Payment provisions.

    (a) Payment to RNHCIs. Payment for services may be made to an RNHCI 
that meets the conditions for coverage described in Sec. 403.720 and 
the conditions of participation described in Sec. Sec. 403.730 through 
403.746. Payment is made in accordance with Sec. 413.40 of this chapter 
to an RNHCI meeting these conditions.
    (b) Review of estimates and adjustments. There is no administrative 
or judicial review of the level of estimated expenditures or the 
adjustments in payments described in Sec. Sec. 403.750(a) and (b).
    (c) Effect on beneficiary liability. When payments are reduced in 
accordance with Sec. 403.750(b), the RNHCI may bill the beneficiary the 
amount of the Medicare reduction attributable to his or her covered 
services.
    (d) Notification of beneficiary liability. (1) The RNHCI must notify 
the beneficiary in writing at the time of admission of any proposed or 
current proportional Medicare adjustment. A beneficiary currently 
receiving care in the RNHCI must be notified in writing at least 30 days 
before the Medicare reduction is to take effect. The notification must 
inform the beneficiary that the RNHCI can bill him or her for the 
proportional Medicare adjustment.
    (2) The RNHCI must, at time of billing, provide the beneficiary with 
his or her liability for payment, based on a calculation of the Medicare 
reduction pertaining to the beneficiary's covered services permitted by 
Sec. 403.750(b).



Sec. 403.754  Monitoring expenditure level.

    (a) Tracking expenditures. Starting in FFY 1999 CMS begins 
monitoring Medicare payments to RNHCIs.
    (b) Carry forward. The difference between the trigger level and 
Medicare expenditures for a FFY results in a carry forward that either 
increases or decreases the unadjusted trigger level described in Sec. 
403.750(d). In no case may the carry forward exceed $50,000,000 for an 
FFY.



Sec. 403.756  Sunset provision.

    (a) Effective date. Beginning with FFY 2002, if the level of 
estimated expenditures for all RNHCIs exceeds the trigger level for 3 
consecutive FFYs, CMS will not accept as the basis for payment of any 
claim any election executed on or after January 1 of the following 
calendar year.
    (b) Notice of activation. A notice in the Federal Register will be 
published at least 60 days before January 1 of the calendar year that 
the sunset provision becomes effective.
    (c) Effects of sunset provision. Only those beneficiaries who have a 
valid election in effect before January 1 of the year in which the 
sunset provision becomes effective will be able to claim Medicare 
payment for care in an RNHCI, and only for RNCHI services furnished 
during that election.



Sec. 403.764  Basis and purpose of religious nonmedical health care 
institutions providing home service.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements sections 1821, 1861, 1861(e), 
1861(m), 1861(y), 1861(ss) and 1861(aaa), 1869 and 1878 of the Act 
regarding Medicare payment for items and services provided in the home 
setting furnished to eligible beneficiaries by religious nonmedical 
health care institutions (RNHCIs).
    (b) Purpose. The home benefit provides for limited durable medical 
equipment (DME) items and RNHCI services in the home setting that are 
fiscally limited to $700,000 per calendar year, with an expiration date 
of December 31, 2006, or the date on which the 2006 spending limit is 
reached.

[69 FR 66419, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 403.766  Requirements for coverage and payment of RNHCI home services.

    (a) Medicare Part A pays for RNHCI home services if the RNHCI 
provider does the following:
    (1) Submit a notice of intent to CMS to exercise the option of 
providing home service.
    (2) Provide RNHCI services to eligible beneficiaries,
    (3) Arrange with suppliers to furnish appropriate DME items as 
required to meet documented eligible beneficiary needs.
    (4) Arrange for RNHCI nurse home visits to eligible beneficiaries.
    (5) Have a utilization committee that assumes the additional 
responsibility for the oversight and monitoring of the

[[Page 62]]

items and RNHCI nursing services provided under the home benefit.
    (6) Meet all applicable requirements set forth in subpart G of this 
part.
    (b) To be an eligible beneficiary to RNHCI home services the 
beneficiary must:
    (1) Have an effective election in place.
    (2) Be confined to the home, as specified in Sec. 409.42(a) of this 
chapter.
    (3) Have a condition that makes him or her eligible to receive 
services covered under Medicare home health.
    (4) Receive home services and DME items from a RNHCI.
    (5) Be responsible for deductible and coinsurance for DME, as 
specified in Sec. 409.50 of this chapter.

[69 FR 66419, Nov. 15, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 16721, Apr. 1, 2005]



Sec. 403.768  Excluded services.

    In addition to items and services excluded in Sec. 409.49 of this 
chapter, items and services are also excluded if they are provided by:
    (a) A HHA that is not a RNHCI.
    (b) A supplier who is not providing RNHCI designated items under 
arrangement with a RNHCI.
    (c) A nurse who is not providing RNHCI home nursing services under 
arrangement with a RNHCI.

[69 FR 66419, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 403.770  Payments for home services.

    (a) The RNHCI nursing visits are paid at the modified low 
utilization payment adjusted (LUPA) rate used under the home health 
prospective payment system at Sec. 484.230 of this chapter.
    (b) Appropriate DME items are paid as priced by Medicare, minus the 
deductible and coinsurance liability of the beneficiary.

[69 FR 66419, Nov. 15, 2004]



  Subpart H_Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional 
                           Assistance Program

    Source: 68 FR 69915, Dec. 15, 2003, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 403.800  Basis and scope.

    (a) Basis. This subpart is based on section 1860D-31 of the Social 
Security Act (the Act).
    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth the standards and procedures CMS 
uses to implement the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and 
Transitional Assistance Program.



Sec. 403.802  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:
    Affiliated organization means an organization that is a legally 
separate entity from the endorsed drug card sponsor and meets one of the 
following conditions:
    (1) The organization and the endorsed drug card sponsor are under 
common control. Common control exists if another entity has the power, 
directly or indirectly, to significantly influence or direct the actions 
or policies of the organization and the endorsed drug card sponsor.
    (2) The organization is under the control of the endorsed drug card 
sponsor or the organization controls the endorsed drug card sponsor. 
Control exists if an entity has the power, directly or indirectly, to 
significantly influence or direct the actions or policies of another 
entity.
    (3) The organization possesses an ownership or equity interest of 5 
percent or more in the endorsed drug card sponsor on both the date on 
which the endorsed drug card sponsor markets the organization's Part D 
plan, and the date on which the endorsed drug card sponsor signed its 
endorsement contract with CMS.
    Annual coordinated election period means the period beginning on 
November 15, 2004 and ending on December 31, 2004, during which a 
discount card enrollee may elect to disenroll from their current 
endorsed discount card program and elect enrollment in another endorsed 
discount card program effective January 1, 2005.
    Applicant means the non-governmental, single legal organization or 
entity doing business in the United States that is applying for Medicare 
endorsement of its prescription drug discount card program, as described 
in

[[Page 63]]

its application, to be operated by itself or in coordination with 
subcontractors.
    Application means the document submitted to CMS by an applicant that 
seeks to demonstrate the applicant's compliance with the requirements 
specified in this subpart in order to obtain Medicare endorsement of the 
applicant's prescription drug discount card program.
    Authorized representative means a person with legal authority to act 
on behalf of an individual in making decisions related to the 
individual's health care or the individual's enrollment in, 
disenrollment from, and access to negotiated prices and transitional 
assistance under the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and 
Transitional Assistance Program.
    Covered discount card drug means any of the following: a drug that 
may be dispensed only upon a prescription and that is described in 
sections 1927(k)(2)(A)(i) through (iii) of the Act; a biological product 
described in sections 1927(k)(2)(B)(i) through (iii) of the Act; insulin 
described in section 1927(k)(2)(C) of the Act; the following medical 
supplies associated with the injection of insulin: syringes, needles, 
alcohol swabs, and gauze; a vaccine licensed under section 351 of the 
Public Health Service Act; or any use of a covered discount card drug 
for a medically accepted indication (as defined in section 1927(k)(6) of 
the Act). The definition of covered discount card drug excludes the 
following: agents when used for anorexia, weight loss, or weight gain; 
agents when used to promote fertility; agents when used for cosmetic 
purposes or hair growth; agents when used for the symptomatic relief of 
cough and colds; prescription vitamins and mineral products, except 
prenatal vitamins and fluoride preparations; nonprescription drugs; 
outpatient drugs for which the manufacturer seeks to require that 
associated tests or monitoring services be purchased exclusively from 
the manufacturer or its designee as a condition of sale; barbiturates; 
and benzodiazepines.
    Discount card enrollee or enrollee or card enrollee means an 
individual described in Sec. 403.810(a) who elects to enroll in a 
Medicare-endorsed prescription drug discount card program.
    Effective date means the date on which an enrollment or 
disenrollment transaction becomes effective.
    Enrollment period means the period beginning on the initial 
enrollment date and ending on December 31, 2005.
    Exclusive card program means an endorsed discount card program that 
is offered by an exclusive card sponsor.
    Exclusive card sponsor means an endorsed sponsor that also operates 
one or more Medicare managed care plans and limits enrollment in its 
endorsed discount card program to individuals described in Sec. 
403.810(a) who are enrollees in one of the Medicare managed care plans 
it offers.
    Family size means one for individuals who are single, and two for 
individuals who are married.
    Federal Employee's Health Benefits Program plan means a plan under 
chapter 89 of title 5 of the United States Code including the Retired 
Federal Employee's Health Benefits Program.
    Formulary means the list of specific drugs from among covered 
discount card drugs for which an endorsed sponsor offers negotiated 
prices to Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in its Medicare-endorsed 
prescription drug discount card program.
    Group enrollment means simultaneous enrollment of all or some of the 
individuals described in sectioin 403.810(a) who are members of a 
Medicare managed care plan into the exclusive card program offered by 
the Medicare managed care organization.
    HIPAA means the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 
of 1996, 42 U.S.C. 1320d and section 264 of Public Law 104-191.
    Income means the components of an individual's adjusted gross income 
(AGI), as defined under 26 U.S.C. section 62, and, to the extent not 
included in the components of AGI, retirement and disability benefits, 
or, if he or she is married, the sum of such income for the individual 
and his or her spouse.
    Initial enrollment date means the date established by the Secretary 
on which endorsed sponsors may begin accepting beneficiaries' standard 
enrollment forms.

[[Page 64]]

    Initial enrollment year means the period beginning on the initial 
enrollment date and ending on December 31, 2004.
    I/T/U pharmacy means a pharmacy operated by the Indian Health 
Service, an Indian tribe or tribal organization, or an urban Indian 
organization, all of which are defined in section 4 of the Indian Health 
Care Improvement Act, 25 U.S.C. 1603.
    Long-term care facility means a skilled nursing facility, as defined 
in section 1819(a) of the Act, or nursing facility, as defined in 
section 1919(a) of the Act.
    Long-term care pharmacy means a pharmacy owned by or under contract 
with a long-term care facility to provide prescription drugs to the 
facility's residents.
    Medicare cost plan means an organization that offers enrollment 
under a reasonable cost reimbursement contract under section 1876(h) of 
the Act.
    Medicare managed care organization means a Part C organization 
offering a Part C plan described in section 1851(a)(2)(A) of the Act or 
a Medicare cost plan.
    Medicare managed care plan means a plan described in section 
1851(a)(2)(A) of the Act offered by a Part C organization or a Medicare 
cost plan.
    Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional Assistance 
Program or Medicare Drug Discount Card Program means the program 
established under section 1860D-31 of the Act.
    Medicare-endorsed prescription drug discount card program, or 
endorsed program, or endorsed discount card program means any 
prescription drug discount card program that has received Medicare 
endorsement and whose endorsed sponsor has entered into a contract with 
CMS.
    Medicare-endorsed prescription drug discount card sponsor, or 
endorsed sponsor, or endorsed discount card sponsor means any applicant 
that has received endorsement from Medicare and entered into a contract 
with CMS to operate an approved Medicare-endorsed discount card program.
    Negotiated price means the discounted price for a covered discount 
card drug offered by an endorsed sponsor, including any dispensing fee, 
which takes into account negotiated price concessions, such as 
discounts, direct or indirect subsidies, rebates, and direct or indirect 
remunerations.
    Network pharmacy means a licensed pharmacy that is not a mail order 
pharmacy and that is under contract with an endorsed sponsor to provide 
negotiated prices to its card enrollees and accept transitional 
assistance as payment for covered discount card drugs provided to its 
transitional assistance enrollees.
    New Medicare managed care organization means an entity applying for 
approval to enter into a new contract with CMS to offer a new, 
coordinated care plan or plans as described in section 1851(a)(2)(A) of 
the Act under Medicare Part C and an exclusive card program under the 
Medicare Drug Discount Card Program.
    Over-the-counter drug means a non-prescription drug.
    Part C organization means an organization offering a Part C plan.
    Part C plan means a plan described in section 1859(b)(1) of the Act.
    Part D plan has the meaning given the term at Sec. 423.4.
    Pharmacy network means the group of network pharmacies under 
contract with an endorsed sponsor.
    Poverty line means the income level defined in section 673(2) of the 
Community Services Block Grant Act, 42 U.S.C. 9902(2), including any 
revision required by such section, applicable to the family size 
involved.
    Rural means a five-digit zip code in which the population density is 
less than 1000 persons per square mile.
    Second enrollment year means the period beginning on January 1, 2005 
and ending on December 31, 2005.
    Solicitation means the application materials identified in the 
notice CMS publishes in the Federal Register announcing its intention to 
accept and consider applications from applicants seeking Medicare 
endorsement for their prescription drug discount card programs.
    Special election period means the period beginning the day after the 
effective date of an individual's disenrollment from an endorsed 
discount card program for one of the reasons listed in Sec. 
403.811(b)(2). The length

[[Page 65]]

of any given election period will be specified by CMS in a form and 
manner that supports the goals of the Medicare Drug Discount Card 
Program.
    Special endorsed sponsor means an endorsed sponsor who has received 
special endorsement by CMS.
    Special endorsement means an endorsement granted under Sec. 403.816 
or Sec. 403.817.
    Standard enrollment form means an enrollment form or other approved 
process for enrolling individuals into an endorsed program that 
incorporates the standard elements provided by CMS.
    Subcontractor means an organization or entity doing business in the 
United States with which an applicant or endorsed sponsor enters into a 
contract or other legal arrangement in connection with the operation of 
a prescription drug discount card program.
    Suburban means a five-digit zip code in which the population density 
is between 1000 and 3000 persons per square mile.
    Transition period means the period beginning on January 1, 2006 and 
ending, for individuals enrolled for coverage under Part D, on the 
effective date of the individual's coverage, and for individuals not so 
enrolled, on the last day of the initial Part D open enrollment period.
    Transitional assistance means a subsidy that transitional assistance 
enrollees may apply toward the cost of covered discount card drugs in 
the manner described in Sec. 403.808(d).
    Transitional assistance effective date means the date on which a 
transitional assistance enrollee can access transitional assistance.
    Transitional assistance enrollee means an individual described in 
Sec. 403.810(b) who has applied for and been determined eligible for 
transitional assistance and has enrolled in a discount card program.
    Urban means a five-digit zip code in which the population density is 
greater than 3000 persons per square mile.

[68 FR 69915, Dec. 15, 2003, as amended at 70 FR 52022, Sept. 1, 2005]



Sec. 403.804  General rules for solicitation, application and Medicare 
endorsement period.

    (a) Application. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section, an applicant must submit an application to CMS by the deadline 
announced in the solicitation to be eligible for Medicare endorsement of 
its prescription drug discount card program. The applicant must certify 
that based on best knowledge, information, and belief, the reported 
information is accurate, complete, truthful, and supportable.
    (2) A new Medicare managed care organization may simultaneously 
apply to offer a new Part C plan or plans and an exclusive card program 
after the deadline announced in the solicitation. New Medicare managed 
care organizations seeking endorsement of their prescription drug 
discount card programs must submit an application to CMS at the time 
that they submit their Part C applications. New Medicare managed care 
organizations will be eligible for endorsement provided CMS approves 
their Part C application, the new Medicare managed care organizations 
demonstrate to CMS that they meet the criteria under paragraph (b) of 
this section, and the new Medicare managed care organizations 
demonstrate that they will meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(2) of 
this section.
    (b) Eligibility to receive endorsement. Except as specified in 
Sec. Sec. 403.814, 403.816 and 403.817, an applicant will be eligible 
for endorsement if its application demonstrates to CMS's satisfaction 
that the applicant meets the requirements of Sec. 403.806(a) and Sec. 
403.806(b)(1) and that it would operate its endorsed program in a manner 
consistent with the requirements of Sec. 403.806(b)(2) and (b)(3) 
through Sec. 403.806(m). An applicant that submits a complete 
application that meets all of the requirements of this subpart will be 
eligible to enter into a contract with CMS to operate a Medicare-
endorsed prescription drug discount card program. Following the receipt 
of its Medicare endorsement, an endorsed sponsor must comply with the 
requirements of Sec. 403.806(b)(2) and (b)(3) through Sec. 403.806(m) 
through the end of the transition period.
    (c) Ability to subcontract with other organizations and entities. 
(1) An applicant

[[Page 66]]

for endorsement may demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this 
subpart by combining with subcontractors.
    (2) Any subcontracts must be in final form satisfactory to CMS, 
signed by all applicable parties, and filed with CMS before an endorsed 
sponsor will be permitted to engage in any enrollment or information and 
outreach.
    (3) Once endorsed, an endorsed sponsor must ensure that its 
subcontractors comply with all applicable requirements of this subpart.
    (d) Period of endorsement. An applicant eligible to receive 
endorsement will be required to sign a contract with CMS agreeing to 
operate its approved Medicare-endorsed prescription drug discount card 
program(s) until the end of the transition period.
    (e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, we 
expect an endorsed sponsor to be ready by June 8, 2004, to initiate 
enrollment and fully operate its endorsed program in compliance with the 
requirements of Sec. 403.806(b)(2) and (b)(3) through Sec. 403.806(m).
    (2) A new Medicare managed care organization must be ready to 
initiate enrollment and fully operate its exclusive card program in 
compliance with the requirements of Sec. Sec. 403.806(b)(2) and (b)(3) 
through Sec. 403.806(m) upon approval of its Part C application and 
application for Medicare endorsement of its prescription drug discount 
card program.



Sec. 403.806  Sponsor requirements for eligibility for endorsement.

    Except as specified in Sec. 403.814, Sec. 403.816, and Sec. 
403.817, an endorsed sponsor must meet the following requirements:
    (a) Applicant experience. (1) An applicant must be a non-
governmental, single legal entity doing business in the United States.
    (2) An applicant must have 3 years of private sector experience in 
the United States in pharmacy benefit management, which is defined to 
mean--
    (i) Adjudicating and processing claims for drugs at the point of 
sale;
    (ii) Negotiating with prescription drug manufacturers and others for 
discounts, rebates, and/or other price concessions on prescription 
drugs; and
    (iii) Administering and tracking individuals' subsidies or benefits 
in real time.
    (3) A single legal entity which is either the applicant or a 
subcontractor must, at the time of application for Medicare endorsement, 
operate a pharmacy benefit program, a prescription drug discount card 
program, a low-income drug assistance program, or a similar program that 
serves at least 1 million covered lives.
    (b) Financial stability and business integrity. (1) An applicant 
must demonstrate a satisfactory record of the financial stability and 
business integrity of itself, any subcontractors on whom the applicant 
relies to satisfy the 3 years experience requirement in paragraph (a)(2) 
of this section and the 1 million covered lives requirement in paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section, and any subcontractors engaged by the applicant 
to perform the following activities: develop the pharmacy network; 
negotiate with manufacturers or pharmacies for rebates, discounts, or 
other price concessions; handle eligibility for or enrollment in the 
endorsed sponsor's endorsed discount card program and/or transitional 
assistance; and administer transitional assistance.
    (2) An endorsed sponsor and any subcontractors described in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section must maintain a satisfactory record of 
financial stability and business integrity during the term of the 
endorsed program.
    (3) Medicare endorsement of a discount card program shall not be 
construed to express or imply any opinion that an endorsed sponsor or 
any subcontractor of an endorsed sponsor is in compliance with or not 
liable under the False Claims Act, anti-kickback statute (section 
1128B(b) of the Act), or other legal authorities for any improper 
billing, claims submission, or related conduct.
    (c) Compliance with applicable law. An endorsed sponsor must comply 
with all applicable Federal and State laws, including the Federal anti-
kickback statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act).
    (d) Prescription drug offering. An endorsed sponsor must comply with 
the

[[Page 67]]

following discount, rebate, and formulary requirements:
    (1) Offer all of its discount card enrollees negotiated prices on 
covered discount card drugs, which may be limited to those covered 
discount card drugs included on the endorsed sponsor's formulary.
    (2) If the endorsed sponsor uses a formulary, offer a negotiated 
price on at least one covered discount card drug in each of the lowest 
level categories for each of the therapeutic groups representing the 
drugs most commonly needed by Medicare beneficiaries as determined by 
CMS. A specific covered discount card drug may not be used to fulfill 
this requirement for more than one category.
    (3) Offer a negotiated price on a generic drug in at least 55 
percent of the lowest level categories in each of the therapeutic groups 
representing the drugs most commonly needed by Medicare beneficiaries as 
determined by CMS.
    (4) In setting negotiated prices under this section, an endorsed 
sponsor may vary its prices and the drugs included on the formulary by 
pharmacy contract and enrollee characteristics, such as transitional 
assistance eligibility status.
    (5) Synchronize changes in the list of, and negotiated prices for, 
covered discount card drugs included in the endorsed sponsor's formulary 
with formulary and negotiated prices published on a price comparison Web 
site, as described in paragraph (i)(4)(v) of this section.
    (6) Obtain rebates, discounts, or other price concessions from 
manufacturers on covered discount card drugs and pass a share of such 
concessions to enrollees through negotiated prices.
    (7) Guarantee that network and mail order pharmacies provide the 
lower of the negotiated price or usual and customary price when a 
covered discount card drug for a negotiated price is available at the 
point of sale.
    (8) Guarantee that a network pharmacy, at the point of sale, inform 
a discount card enrollee of any differential between the price of a 
prescribed drug (if it is a covered discount card drug) and the price of 
the lowest priced generic covered discount card drug that is 
therapeutically equivalent and bioequivalent and available at such 
pharmacy. Mail order pharmacies are to provide this information at the 
time of delivery of the drug.
    (9) Except during the week of November 15, 2004 (which coincides 
with the beginning of the annual coordinated election period), ensure 
that any increase in the negotiated price for a covered discount card 
drug does not exceed an amount proportionate to the change in the drug's 
average wholesale price (AWP), and/or an amount proportionate to the 
changes in the endorsed sponsor's cost structure, including material 
changes to any discounts, rebates, or other price concessions the 
endorsed sponsor receives from a pharmaceutical manufacturer or 
pharmacy.
    (e) Transitional assistance administration. An endorsed sponsor must 
administer transitional assistance funds, including any roll-over funds 
as described in Sec. 403.808(f), for transitional assistance enrollees, 
through the following procedures:
    (1) Establish accounting procedures to manage the transitional 
assistance funds for each transitional assistance enrollee.
    (2) Ensure that transitional assistance funds are applicable to, and 
only to, all covered discount card drugs available at the endorsed 
sponsors' network and mail order pharmacies, regardless of formulary.
    (3) Ensure that, at network and mail order pharmacies, transitional 
assistance funds are applied at the lower of negotiated price (if any) 
and the pharmacy's usual and customary price.
    (4) Ensure that network pharmacies make available to the 
transitional assistance enrollee, electronically or by telephone, at the 
point-of-sale of covered discount card drugs, the amount of transitional 
assistance remaining available to the transitional assistance enrollee. 
Mail order pharmacies are to make this information available by 
telephone.
    (5) Maintain a toll-free telephone number that discount card 
enrollees may use to determine their transitional assistance balances.
    (6) Enforce coinsurance requirements described in Sec. 403.808(e) 
and ensure that the portion of the price paid through

[[Page 68]]

coinsurance is not deducted from the total transitional assistance funds 
available to the discount card enrollee.
    (f) Service area and pharmacy access. An endorsed sponsor must meet 
the following requirements for its service area and its pharmacy 
network:
    (1) The service area must cover one or more States.
    (2) The endorsed sponsor's discount card program must be available 
to all eligible individuals residing in each State in the endorsed 
sponsor's service area and may not be offered to individuals residing 
outside of the United States.
    (3) The endorsed sponsor must have a contracted pharmacy network, 
consisting of pharmacies other than mail-order pharmacies, sufficient to 
ensure that for beneficiaries residing in the endorsed sponsor's service 
area the following requirements are satisfied:
    (i) At least 90 percent of Medicare beneficiaries, on average, in 
urban areas served by the endorsed program, live within 2 miles of a 
network pharmacy;
    (ii) At least 90 percent of Medicare beneficiaries, on average, in 
suburban areas served by the endorsed program, live within 5 miles of a 
network pharmacy; and
    (iii) At least 70 percent of Medicare beneficiaries, on average, in 
rural areas served by the endorsed program, live within 15 miles of a 
network pharmacy.
    (4) The endorsed sponsor's pharmacy network may be supplemented by 
pharmacies offering home delivery via mail-order, provided the 
requirements of paragraph (f)(3) of this section are met.
    (g) Information and outreach and customer service. (1) An endorsed 
sponsor must provide through the Internet and some other tangible medium 
(such as a mailing) to Medicare beneficiaries information and outreach 
materials describing its endorsed drug card program, including the 
following information--
    (i) The enrollment fee;
    (ii) Negotiated prices offered for covered discount card drugs;
    (iii) If offered, discounts on over-the-counter drugs;
    (iv) Any other products or services offered under the endorsement; 
and
    (v) Any other information that CMS determines is necessary for a 
full description of the endorsed discount drug card program.
    (2) An endorsed sponsor must include on a Web site the following:
    (i) Information regarding when the Web site was last updated; and
    (ii) A disclaimer that the information on the Web site may not be 
current.
    (3) An endorsed sponsor must use the following forms which 
incorporate standard elements provided by CMS:
    (i) An enrollment form (except as may be modified for an exclusive 
card sponsor as discussed in Sec. 403.814(b)(5)(iii); and
    (ii) An eligibility determination notice.
    (4) An endorsed sponsor must provide to each enrollee a card that 
complies with National Council for Prescription Drug Programs standards.
    (5) An endorsed sponsor must meet the following requirements for the 
review and approval of information and outreach materials:
    (i) Comply with the Information and Outreach Guidelines published by 
CMS except as provided in paragraph (g)(5)(vi) of this section.
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(5)(iii) of this section, 
not distribute any information and outreach materials until or unless 
they are approved by CMS.
    (iii) If CMS does not disapprove the initial submission of 
information and outreach materials within 30 days of receipt of these 
materials, the materials are deemed approved under paragraph (g)(5)(ii) 
of this section.
    (iv) Information and outreach materials may discuss only products or 
services inside the scope of endorsement, as described in paragraph (h) 
of this section.
    (v) Information and outreach materials include the same kinds of 
materials described in 42 CFR 422.80(b), as well as the enrollment form, 
eligibility determination form, and membership card described in 
paragraphs (g)(3) and (g)(4) of this section, Web site content, and 
information regarding discounts for over-the-counter drugs.
    (vi) All materials related to products and services that are Part D 
plans

[[Page 69]]

must comply with the requirements specified in Sec. 423.50 of this 
chapter.
    (6) An endorsed sponsor must maintain a toll-free customer call 
center that is open during usual business hours and that provides 
customer telephone service, including to pharmacists, in accordance with 
standard business practices. The endorsed sponsor must inform enrollees 
that the toll-free telephone number provides information on the amount 
of remaining transitional assistance, in accordance with paragraph 
(e)(5) of this section.
    (7) An endorsed sponsor must provide a system to reduce the 
likelihood of medical errors and adverse drug interactions and to 
improve medication use.
    (h) Products and services inside and outside the scope of the 
endorsement. (1) An endorsed sponsor may provide, under the endorsement, 
only those products and services inside the scope of the endorsement, 
including conducting enrollment. An endorsed sponsor must ensure that 
discount card enrollees are not charged any additional fee (other than 
the enrollment fee allowed under Sec. 403.811(c)) for products or 
services inside the scope of the endorsement.
    (2) Products and services inside the scope of the endorsement are 
limited to--
    (i) Products or services offered for no additional fee, other than 
the enrollment fee allowed under Sec. 403.811(c), that are directly 
related to a covered discount card drug; or
    (ii) A discounted price for an over-the-counter drug.
    (i) Reporting. (1) An endorsed sponsor must report to CMS on a 
periodic basis information on the major features of the endorsed 
sponsor's programs that correspond to the qualifications for 
endorsement, including, but not limited to, information concerning--
    (i) Savings from pharmacies and manufacturers obtained through 
rebates, discounts, and other price concessions;
    (ii) Savings shared with discount card enrollees by manufacturer, by 
all retail pharmacies, by all mail order pharmacies, and by all brand 
name and all generic covered discount card drugs;
    (iii) Dispensing fees;
    (iv) Certified (by the chief financial officer) financial accounting 
records on transitional assistance used by the transitional assistance 
enrollees in each month;
    (v) Participant utilization and spending statements;
    (vi) Utilization and spending for selected drugs;
    (vii) Performance on customer service metrics such as call center 
performance;
    (viii) Grievance logs; and
    (ix) Endorsed sponsor's compliance with the pharmacy network access 
standards.
    (2) An endorsed sponsor must provide notice of, and the rationale 
for, negotiated price increases, except for increases during the week of 
November 15, 2004, due to reasons other than changes in average 
wholesale price (AWP).
    (3) An endorsed sponsor must certify that based on best knowledge, 
information, and belief, the reported information is accurate, complete, 
truthful, and supportable.
    (4) Through a price comparison Web site, an endorsed sponsor must 
report the following information:
    (i) Customer service hours;
    (ii) Customer service contact information;
    (iii) Endorsed program Web site address;
    (iv) Annual enrollment fee; and
    (v) Negotiated prices (including any applicable dispensing fee), for 
every covered discount card drug included in the discount card program's 
offering.
    (5) CMS may require endorsed sponsors to submit, in standard 
terminology, descriptions of other discount card related services they 
provide, such as pharmacist services.
    (j) Grievance process. An endorsed sponsor must establish and 
maintain a grievance process. This process must be designed to track and 
appropriately address in a timely manner enrollees' complaints about any 
aspect of their endorsed program for which the endorsed sponsor is 
responsible.
    (k) Eligibility, enrollment, and disenrollment. (1) An endorsed 
sponsor must make preliminary eligibility determinations in accordance 
with Sec. 403.810 and conduct enrollment and

[[Page 70]]

disenrollment in accordance with Sec. 403.811.
    (l) Authorized representative. An endorsed sponsor must treat an 
individual's authorized representative as the individual, if under 
applicable law, the authorized representative has the legal authority to 
act on behalf of the individual with respect to the action at issue.
    (m) Other. An endorsed sponsor must meet the requirements of 
Sec. Sec. 403.812, 403.813, and 403.822 of this subpart.

[68 FR 69915, Dec. 15, 2003, as amended at 70 FR 52023, Sept. 1, 2005]



Sec. 403.808  Use of transitional assistance funds.

    (a) Individuals determined eligible for transitional assistance in 
2004. Subject to paragraph (d) of this section, an individual who, in 
calendar year 2004, is determined eligible for transitional assistance 
under Sec. 403.810(b) is entitled to the following:
    (1) $600 in calendar year 2004; and
    (2) $600 in calendar year 2005.
    (b) Individuals determined eligible for transitional assistance in 
2005. Subject to paragraph (d) of this section, an individual who, in 
calendar year 2005, is determined eligible for transitional assistance 
under Sec. 403.810(b) is entitled to one of the following amounts for 
calendar year 2005:
    (1) If the complete application for the individual's transitional 
assistance eligibility is received on or after January 1, 2005 and 
before April 1, 2005, $600.
    (2) If the complete application for the individual's transitional 
assistance eligibility is received on or after April 1, 2005 and before 
July 1, 2005, $450.
    (3) If the complete application for the individual's transitional 
assistance eligibility is received on or after July 1, 2005 and before 
October 1, 2005, $300.
    (4) If the complete application for the individual's transitional 
assistance eligibility is received on or after October 1, 2005 and on or 
before December 31, 2005, $150.
    (c) Payment of enrollment fee. An individual found eligible for 
transitional assistance is entitled to have CMS pay the annual 
enrollment fee to the endorsed sponsor on his or her behalf.
    (d) Conditions on use of transitional assistance. A transitional 
assistance enrollee may access the transitional assistance described in 
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section only if the following conditions 
are met:
    (1) Except as provided in Sec. 403.814(b)(3)(v), the transitional 
assistance funds are applied toward the cost of a covered discount card 
drug obtained under the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and 
Transitional Assistance Program;
    (2) The individual pays a coinsurance amount in accordance with 
Sec. 403.808(e);
    (3) The individual purchases the covered discount card drug on or 
after the individual's transitional assistance effective date; and
    (4) The individual is enrolled in the Medicare Prescription Drug 
Discount Card and Transitional Assistance Program on the date the 
individual's claim for the covered discount card drug is adjudicated.
    (e) Coinsurance. If sufficient transitional assistance funds are 
available, transitional assistance funds must be expended in accordance 
with the following:
    (1) For beneficiaries with incomes at or below 100 percent of the 
poverty line, 95 percent of the price of a covered discount card drug 
must be paid from the available transitional assistance funds.
    (2) For beneficiaries with incomes greater than 100 percent but at 
or below 135 percent of the poverty line, 90 percent of the price of a 
covered discount card drug must be paid from the available transitional 
assistance funds.
    (f) Rollover. An individual with transitional assistance retains 
access to any balance of transitional assistance not expended in a 
calendar year during the next calendar year, up to and including the 
transition period, if the individual--
    (1) Remains in his or her current endorsed discount card program;
    (2) Elects a new endorsed program in an Annual Coordinated Election 
Period; or
    (3) Is eligible for a Special Election Period under Sec. 
403.811(b)(2) and elects a new endorsed discount card program during 
such Special Election Period.

[[Page 71]]



Sec. 403.810  Eligibility and reconsiderations.

    (a) Eligibility for an endorsed discount card program. An individual 
is eligible to enroll in an endorsed discount card program only if such 
individual meets the following conditions:
    (1) The individual is entitled to benefits, or enrolled, under 
Medicare Part A or enrolled under Medicare Part B; and
    (2) The individual, at the time of applying to enroll in an endorsed 
discount card program, is not enrolled in a State medical assistance 
program under Title XIX of the Act or under a waiver pursuant to section 
1115 of the Act, under which the individual is entitled to any medical 
assistance for outpatient prescribed drugs as described in section 
1905(a)(12) of the Act, except as allowed in Sec. 403.817(d).
    (b) Eligibility for transitional assistance. An individual is 
eligible to receive transitional assistance if, at the time of applying 
for transitional assistance, the individual meets the following 
conditions:
    (1) The individual meets the conditions in paragraph (a) of this 
section;
    (2) The individual resides in one of the 50 States or the District 
of Columbia;
    (3) The individual's income is not more than 135 percent of the 
poverty line applicable to the individual's family size;
    (4) The individual does not have coverage for covered discount card 
drugs under one or more of the following sources:
    (i) A group health plan or health insurance coverage, as these terms 
are defined under section 2791 of the Public Health Service Act, other 
than a Part C plan or a group health plan consisting solely of excepted 
benefits (such as a Medigap plan) as the term is defined under section 
2791 of the Public Health Service Act;
    (ii) Coverage provided under Chapter 55 of Title 10, United States 
Code, including TRICARE; or
    (iii) A Federal Employee's Health Benefits Program plan; and
    (5) The individual (or the individual's authorized representative) 
completes a standard enrollment form and signs and dates the form in 
accordance with Sec. 403.811(a)(4). By signing the form, the individual 
(or the individual's authorized representative) certifies, under penalty 
of perjury, that, to the best of the individual's knowledge, the 
information he or she provides on the form is accurate.
    (c) Special rule for QMBs, SLMBs and QIs. An individual is deemed to 
meet the income requirements in paragraph (b)(3) of this section if the 
individual is enrolled under Title XIX of the Act as a--
    (1) Qualified Medicare Beneficiary (QMB);
    (2) Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary (SLMB); or
    (3) Qualified Individual (QI).
    (d) Duration of eligibility determinations. An individual determined 
eligible for the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and 
Transitional Assistance Program and, in the case of transitional 
assistance enrollees, for transitional assistance, shall remain eligible 
for the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional 
Assistance Program and, in the case of transitional assistance 
enrollees, for transitional assistance for the duration of the 
individual's enrollment in the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card 
and Transitional Assistance Program.
    (e) Drug card and transitional assistance benefits not treated as 
benefits under other Federal programs. Any benefits received under the 
Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional Assistance 
Program must not be taken into account in determining an individual's 
eligibility for, or the amount of benefits under, any other Federal 
program.
    (f) Verification of eligibility. (1) CMS will verify eligibility to 
enroll in an endorsed discount card program or to receive transitional 
assistance.
    (2) If CMS is unable to verify an individual's eligibility or 
ineligibility for transitional assistance, CMS can require the 
individual to provide additional income information in a form and manner 
specified by CMS as one condition of eligibility for transitional 
assistance.

[[Page 72]]

    (g) Reconsideration. (1) If an individual is determined ineligible 
to enroll in an endorsed discount card program under paragraph (a) of 
this section or determined ineligible to receive transitional assistance 
under paragraph (b) of this section, the individual (or the individual's 
authorized representative) has a right to request that an independent 
review entity under contract with CMS reconsider the determination.
    (2) Reconsideration requests must be filed within 60 days from date 
of notice of an ineligibility determination, unless the individual (or 
the individual's authorized representative) can demonstrate good cause 
for why the 60-day time frame should be extended.
    (3) An individual (or the individual's authorized representative) 
may submit additional documentary evidence or an explanation about his 
or her eligibility in writing to the independent review entity, as part 
of the reconsideration process.
    (4) Reconsideration decisions shall be issued by the independent 
review entity in writing and contain an explanation of the reasoning of 
the decision.



Sec. 403.811  Enrollment and disenrollment and associated endorsed sponsor 
requirements.

    (a) Enrollment process. (1) An individual (or an individual's 
authorized representative) applying to enroll in an endorsed discount 
card program must complete a standard enrollment form or other method 
allowed by CMS and provide such information to the endorsed discount 
card program in which the individual wishes to enroll.
    (2) An individual electing to join an endorsed discount card program 
that charges an annual enrollment fee, and who is not applying for 
transitional assistance, must agree to pay the annual enrollment fee, if 
any, in a form and manner determined by the endorsed card sponsor.
    (3) An individual applying for transitional assistance at the time 
that they apply for enrollment in an endorsed discount card program may 
only enroll in the endorsed discount card program at that time if CMS 
determines that the individual is eligible for transitional assistance. 
Individuals not found eligible for transitional assistance may enroll in 
an endorsed discount card program without applying for transitional 
assistance after being notified of their ineligibility for transitional 
assistance.
    (4) An individual applying for transitional assistance must complete 
a standard enrollment form and sign and date the form, certifying, under 
penalty of perjury or similar sanction for false statements, as to the 
accuracy of the information provided on the standard enrollment form.
    (5) Except as provided in Sec. 403.811(b)(4), an individual who is 
not currently enrolled in an endorsed card program seeking to enroll in 
the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional Assistance 
Program may do so at any time during the enrollment period.
    (6) An individual may not be enrolled in more than one endorsed 
discount card program at a time.
    (7) An individual may enroll in only one endorsed discount card 
program per year during the enrollment period. An individual enrolling 
during the initial enrollment year, with the exception of the 
circumstances under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, may change 
election for the second enrollment year during the annual coordinated 
election period. During the second enrollment year, an individual may 
enroll in only one endorsed discount card program, unless the individual 
meets the circumstances described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (8) An individual remains enrolled in an endorsed discount card 
program elected unless--
    (i) The individual is disenrolled under paragraph (b) of this 
section;
    (ii) The individual elects a new program during the Annual 
Coordinated Election Period; or
    (iii) The endorsed sponsor terminates its endorsed discount card 
program, or is terminated.
    (9) No new enrollment in an endorsed discount card program or 
changing election of an endorsed discount card program is allowed during 
the transition period.

[[Page 73]]

    (10) Except as specified in Sec. 403.814(b)(6)(i), an individual 
may enroll in any endorsed discount card program, and only those 
endorsed discount card programs, offered in the individual's State of 
residence.
    (11) In order to access negotiated prices or transitional 
assistance, if applicable, an individual must be enrolled in an endorsed 
discount card program. Access to negotiated prices begins with the 
effective date of enrollment and ends with disenrollment. Access to 
transitional assistance begins with the transitional assistance 
effective date and ends for claims finalized on the date of 
disenrollment.
    (12) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(5) of this section, an 
individual may apply for transitional assistance at any time during the 
enrollment period.
    (b) Disenrollment process. (1) An enrollee may voluntarily disenroll 
at any time by notifying (or by having his authorized representative 
notify) the endorsed sponsor.
    (2) An enrolled individual who disenrolls during the enrollment 
period under the following circumstances is granted a Special Election 
Period in which the individual may enroll in another endorsed discount 
card program during the enrollment period:
    (i) A move of residence outside the service area of the current 
program;
    (ii) A change in residence to or from a long-term care facility;
    (iii) Enrollment in or disenrollment from a Part C plan or Medicare 
cost plan;
    (iv) An individual's current endorsed discount card program is 
terminated or terminates; or
    (v) Other exceptional circumstances, as defined by the Secretary.
    (3) Notification in order to effect a disenrollment is not required 
for an individual disenrolling from a terminating endorsed discount card 
program or enrolling in or disenrolling from a Medicare managed care 
plan offering an exclusive card program, or for individuals changing 
endorsed discount card programs during the Annual Coordinated Election 
Period.
    (4) A drug discount card enrollee who disenrolls from an endorsed 
discount card program other than for one of the reasons listed in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section will no longer be determined eligible 
for the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional 
Assistance Program and, if he or she disenrolls in 2004, must re-apply 
for the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional 
Assistance Program should he or she wish to enroll in another endorsed 
discount card program for the second enrollment year.
    (5) An individual receiving transitional assistance who voluntarily 
disenrolls from an endorsed discount card program other than for one of 
the reasons listed in paragraph (b)(2) of this section will forfeit any 
transitional assistance remaining available to the individual on the 
date of disenrollment, and, if he or she disenrolls in 2004, must re-
apply for transitional assistance for 2005 in order to receive 
transitional assistance in 2005.
    (6) A discount card enrollee other than a transitional assistance 
enrollee may be involuntarily disenrolled from his or her endorsed 
discount card program for failure to pay the annual enrollment fee on a 
timely basis.
    (7) A discount drug card enrollee other than a transitional 
assistance enrollee may be charged another annual enrollment fee each 
time the individual disenrolls from one endorsed discount card program 
and enrolls in another endorsed discount card program during the 
calendar year.
    (c) Enrollment fees. (1) An endorsed sponsor may charge an annual 
enrollment fee of no more than $30 to each individual enrolled in its 
endorsed discount card program.
    (2) An endorsed sponsor may not collect an enrollment fee from any 
individual applying for or receiving transitional assistance.
    (3) The annual enrollment fee must not be prorated for portions of 
the year.
    (4) An endorsed sponsor must charge a uniform enrollment fee to 
every discount card eligible individual, or to the Secretary in the case 
of individuals receiving transitional assistance, residing in a State.
    (5) An endorsed sponsor must refund any enrollment fee collected 
from a discount card enrollee, or any State

[[Page 74]]

that has paid the enrollment fee on behalf of the discount card 
enrollee, during the calendar year during which the individual is 
determined eligible to receive transitional assistance.
    (6) An endorsed sponsor may not charge an annual enrollment fee 
during the transition period.



Sec. 403.812  HIPAA privacy, security, administrative data standards, and 
national identifiers.

    (a) HIPAA covered entities. An endorsed sponsor is a HIPAA covered 
entity and must comply with the standards, implementation 
specifications, and requirements in 45 CFR parts 160, 162, and 164 as 
set forth in this section. Those functions of an endorsed sponsor the 
performance of which are necessary or directly related to the operations 
of the endorsed discount card program are covered functions for purposes 
of applying to endorsed sponsors the standards, implementation 
specifications, and requirements in 45 CFR parts 160, 162, and 164.
    (b) HIPAA privacy requirements. An endorsed sponsor must comply with 
the standards, implementation specifications, and requirements in the 
Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, 
45 CFR parts 160 and 164, subparts A and E, in the same manner as a 
health plan, except to the extent such requirements are temporarily 
waived by the Secretary.
    (c) Security requirements--(1) Standard. An endorsed sponsor must 
comply with the applicable standards, implementation specifications, and 
requirements in the HIPAA Security Rule, 45 CFR parts 160 and 164, 
subparts A and C, in the same manner as other covered entities as of the 
compliance date of such Rule.
    (2) Attestation. An applicant in its application shall--
    (i) Attest that, as of the initial enrollment date, it will have in 
place appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to 
protect the privacy of protected health information in accordance with 
45 CFR 164.530(c); and
    (ii) Attest that its information security measures will meet the 
standards, implementation specifications, and requirements of 45 CFR 
part 164 subparts A and C as of the initial enrollment date, or, if 
unable to make this attestation, provide a plan for coming into 
compliance with these requirements by the compliance date of the 
Security Rule set forth in 45 CFR part 164, subpart C.
    (d) Administrative data standards. An endorsed sponsor must comply 
with any applicable standards, implementation specifications, and 
requirements in the Standards for Electronic Transactions under 45 CFR 
parts 160 and 162 subparts I through R.
    (e) Unique identifiers. An endorsed sponsor must comply with any 
applicable standards, implementation specifications, and requirements 
regarding standard unique identifiers under 45 CFR parts 160 and 162 as 
of the compliance date of any final rule for standard unique 
identifiers.
    (f) Applicability of other regulations. Nothing in this paragraph or 
in Sec. 403.813 shall be deemed a modification of parts 160, 162 and 
164 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations or otherwise modify the 
applicability of such regulations to other organizations or covered 
entities independently subject to the mandates of HIPAA. If an endorsed 
sponsor is also a health plan, health care provider, or health care 
clearinghouse, nothing is this paragraph shall impair or otherwise 
affect the application of HIPAA or parts 160, 162 and 164 of title 45, 
Code of Federal Regulations to such entity and its performance of those 
functions which make such entity a health plan, health care provider, or 
health care clearinghouse.



Sec. 403.813  Marketing limitations and record retention requirements.

    (a) Marketing limitations. (1) An endorsed sponsor may only market 
the following:
    (i) Those products and services offered under the endorsed program 
that are inside the scope of endorsement defined in Sec. 403.806(h) and 
permitted under Sec. 403.812(b).
    (ii) A Part D plan offered by the endorsed sponsor or an affiliated 
organization of the endorsed sponsor.
    (2) An endorsed sponsor may not request that a drug card enrollee or 
an

[[Page 75]]

individual seeking to enroll in its endorsed discount card program 
authorize the endorsed sponsor to use or disclose individually 
identifiable health information for purposes of marketing any product or 
service not allowed under paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (3) An endorsed sponsor may not co-mingle any materials related to 
the marketing of products and services allowed under paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section with other marketing materials.
    (4) Following termination of an endorsed sponsor's endorsement under 
Sec. Sec. 403.820(c), (d) or (e) or termination of the Medicare Drug 
Discount Card and Transitional Assistance Program, a drug card 
enrollee's individually identifiable health information collected or 
maintained by an endorsed sponsor may not be used or disclosed for 
purposes of marketing any product or service.
    (b) Record retention standard. (1) An endorsed sponsor must retain 
records that it creates, collects, or maintains while participating in 
the Medicare Drug Discount Card and Transitional Assistance Program as 
part of its operations of an endorsed program for at least 6 years 
following termination of such program, or, in the event the endorsed 
sponsor's endorsement is terminated under Sec. 420.820(c), (d), or (e) 
of this chapter at least 6 years following termination of such 
endorsement. The Secretary may extend the six-year retention period if 
an endorsed sponsor's records relate to an ongoing investigation, 
litigation, or negotiation by the Secretary, the Department of Health 
and Human Services Office of Inspector General, the Department of 
Justice, or a State, or such documents otherwise relate to suspicions of 
fraud and abuse or violations of Federal or State law.
    (2) For the period during which an endorsed sponsor retains records 
as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, an endorsed sponsor 
must continue to apply security and privacy protections to such records 
and the information contained therein to the same extent endorsed 
sponsors are required to do so under Sec. 403.812(b) and Sec. 
403.812(c)(1) prior to termination.

[68 FR 69915, Dec. 15, 2003, as amended at 70 FR 52023, Sept. 1, 2005]



Sec. 403.814  Special rules concerning Part C organizations and Medicare cost 
plans and their enrollees.

    (a) General requirements. (1) A Part C organization and Medicare 
cost plan may not require enrollment in an endorsed discount card 
program as a condition for enrollment in its Part C plan or Medicare 
cost plan.
    (2) A Part C organization may subsidize the enrollment fee for an 
endorsed discount card program, whether operated by the Part C 
organization or another endorsed sponsor, for individuals described in 
Sec. 403.810(a), provided that any such benefit is reflected in the 
Part C organization's Adjusted Community Rate filing.
    (b) Exclusive card sponsors. (1) A Medicare managed care 
organization may elect to become an exclusive card sponsor by limiting 
enrollment in its endorsed discount card program to individuals 
described in Sec. 403.810(a) who are enrolled in any of its Medicare 
managed care plans. The Medicare managed care organization must be the 
applicant for endorsement in order to offer an exclusive card program. 
Such an election must be made at the time of application for 
endorsement.
    (2) Except as noted in paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section, 
an exclusive card sponsor must comply with all requirements for endorsed 
sponsors noted in Sec. 403.804 and Sec. 403.806.
    (3) An exclusive card sponsor is deemed to meet or is exempt from 
certain specific requirements listed in Sec. 403.806 as follows:
    (i) An exclusive card sponsor is deemed to meet the pharmacy network 
requirement in Sec. 403.806(f)(3) if its pharmacy network is not 
limited to mail-order pharmacies and is equivalent to the pharmacy 
network used in its Medicare managed care plan and such pharmacy network 
has been approved by the Secretary, or, if its Medicare managed care 
plan does not use a pharmacy network, the Secretary determines that the 
pharmacy network provides sufficient access to covered discount card 
drugs at negotiated prices for discount card enrollees under the 
standard set forth under 42 CFR 422.112 for a Part C organization 
described in section 1851(a)(2)(A) of the Act, or

[[Page 76]]

under 42 CFR 417.416(e) for a Medicare cost plan.
    (ii) An exclusive card sponsor is deemed to meet the service area 
requirements in Sec. 403.806(f)(1) and (f)(2) if it operates in a 
service area equivalent to its Medicare managed care plan's service 
area.
    (iii) An exclusive card sponsor is deemed to meet the requirement 
for financial stability and business integrity in Sec. 403.806(b) 
through compliance with Sec. 422.400 of this chapter (if a Part C 
organization described in section 1851(a)(2)(A) of the Act) or 
compliance with Sec. 417.120 and Sec. 417.122 of this chapter (if a 
Medicare cost plan).
    (iv) An exclusive card sponsor is deemed to meet the covered lives 
requirement in Sec. 403.806(a)(3).
    (v) An exclusive card sponsor is deemed to meet the requirements of 
Sec. 403.806(e)(2) if it ensures that transitional assistance funds are 
applied to, and only to, the cost to transitional assistance enrollees 
of any covered discount card drugs obtained from a network or mail order 
pharmacy included in the exclusive card sponsor's pharmacy network, and 
at the option of the exclusive card sponsor, any covered discount card 
drug obtained under an outpatient prescription drug benefit offered 
under the affiliated Medicare managed care plan, including any 
deductibles, co-payments, coinsurance, and other cost-sharing amounts 
for which transitional assistance enrollees are responsible under the 
Medicare managed care plan's outpatient prescription drug benefit.
    (4) As the Secretary determines appropriate on a case-by-case basis, 
any additional requirements discussed in Sec. 403.804 and Sec. 
403.806, except for the requirements in Sec. 403.812 and Sec. 403.813, 
may be waived or modified on behalf of an exclusive card sponsor if:
    (i) The requirements are duplicative of or conflict with the 
requirements that a Medicare managed care organization must meet either 
under Part C or under section 1876 of Title XVIII of the Act; or
    (ii) The waiver or modification is necessary to improve coordination 
between benefits under the Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card and 
Transitional Assistance Program and the benefits either under Part C or 
under section 1876 of Title XVIII of the Act.
    (iii) The applicant seeking to become an exclusive card sponsor 
requests such waivers or modifications in writing in a manner required 
by the Secretary.
    (5) An exclusive card sponsor may conduct group enrollment according 
to the following rules:
    (i) The exclusive card sponsor must seek CMS verification that its 
Medicare managed care members are individuals described in Sec. 
403.810(a) and enroll such individuals as a group into its exclusive 
card program.
    (ii) The exclusive card sponsor must give all individuals it is 
enrolling as a group the opportunity to decline enrollment, and the 
opportunity to apply for transitional assistance.
    (iii) The exclusive card sponsor may use a modified version of the 
standard enrollment form described in Sec. 403.806(g)(3) or other CMS-
approved process for group enrollment in its endorsed discount card 
program.
    (6) An individual enrolled in a Medicare managed care plan offered 
by a Medicare managed care organization offering an exclusive card 
program to individuals enrolled in such Medicare managed care plan is 
subject to the following requirements:
    (i) The individual may enroll only in the endorsed discount card 
program offered by his or her Medicare managed care organization.
    (ii) If the exclusive card sponsor group elects to group enroll into 
an exclusive card program members of the Medicare managed plan, the 
individual must actively decline enrollment to avoid enrollment in the 
exclusive card program.
    (c) Non-uniformity of Benefits. Implementation of the Medicare 
Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional Assistance Program, 
including the provision of transitional assistance and the payment or 
waiver of any enrollment fee by a Part C organization, will not be taken 
into account in applying the uniform premium and uniform benefits 
requirement in sections 1854(c) and 1854(f)(1)(D) of the Act and 42 CFR 
422.100(d)(2) and 42 CFR 422.312(b)(2).

[[Page 77]]



Sec. 403.815  Special rules concerning States.

    (a) Optional State payment of enrollment fee. (1) A State may enter 
into payment arrangements with endorsed sponsors to provide payment of 
some or all of endorsed discount card programs' enrollment fees for some 
or all of the State's individuals described in Sec. 403.810(a) who are 
not transitional assistance enrollees, provided the enrollment fees are 
paid directly by the State to the endorsed sponsor.
    (2) Expenditures made by a State for enrollment fees described in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section must not be treated as State 
expenditures for which Federal matching payments are available under 
titles XIX or XXI of the Act.
    (b) Optional State payment of coinsurance. (1) A State may enter 
into payment arrangements with pharmacies to provide payment of some or 
all of coinsurance amounts described in Sec. 403.808(e) for some or all 
of the State's transitional assistance enrollees, provided the 
coinsurance amounts are paid directly by the State to the pharmacy.
    (2) Expenditures made by a State for coinsurance described in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section must not be treated as State 
expenditures for which Federal matching payments are available under 
titles XIX or XXI of the Act.
    (c) Coinsurance for Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries. For 
transitional assistance enrollees who are qualified Medicare 
beneficiaries, any coinsurance liability under Sec. 403.808(e) must not 
be treated as Medicare cost-sharing coinsurance, under section 
1905(p)(3)(B) of the Act, for which a State would otherwise be required 
to pay.
    (d) State data. (1) A State must provide data on a monthly basis in 
an electronic format as determined necessary by the Secretary to 
effectuate the verification of beneficiary eligibility for the Medicare 
Prescription Drug Discount Card and Transitional Assistance Program.
    (2) Expenditures made by a State in complying with the requirements 
of paragraph (d)(1) of this section will be treated as State 
expenditures for which Federal matching payments are available under 
section 1903(a)(7) of the Act.



Sec. 403.816  Special rules concerning long-term care and I/T/U pharmacies.

    (a) In general. (1) An applicant for endorsement may submit an 
application to become a special endorsed sponsor for long-term care and/
or for I/T/U pharmacies.
    (2) Of qualified applicants, the Secretary will select at least two 
of the best-qualified applicants for special endorsement for long-term 
care and at least two of the best-qualified applicants for special 
endorsement for I/T/U pharmacies.
    (3) Applicants for special endorsement for long-term care must 
demonstrate in their applications that they meet the requirements in 
paragraph (b) of this section.
    (4) Applicants for special endorsement for I/T/U pharmacies must 
demonstrate in their applications that they meet the requirements in 
paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) Long-term care. A special endorsed sponsor for long-term care 
must--
    (1) Apply transitional assistance toward the cost of covered 
discount card drugs obtained by transitional assistance enrollees who 
reside in long-term care facilities and who receive such prescription 
drugs through long-term care pharmacies;
    (2) Offer contractual arrangements to any long-term care pharmacy 
seeking reimbursement from transitional assistance for covered discount 
card drugs provided by such pharmacy to transitional assistance 
enrollees who reside in long-term care facilities;
    (3) Process any submitted claims from network pharmacies and out-of-
network long-term care pharmacies that supply covered discount card 
drugs to transitional assistance enrollees who reside in long-term care 
facilities, when such enrollees have unspent transitional assistance 
remaining;
    (4) Include special terms and conditions in its contracts with 
network pharmacies that are long-term care pharmacies to facilitate 
access to and the administration of transitional assistance to 
transitional assistance enrollees residing in long-term care facilities, 
including, but not limited to the following--

[[Page 78]]

    (i) Waiving penalties against long-term care pharmacies for 
submitting late claims to the special endorsed sponsor due to the 
pharmacy's coordination of benefits activities; and
    (ii) Permitting a long-term care pharmacy to limit its services to 
only transitional assistance enrollees who reside in a long-term care 
facility served by the long-term care pharmacy.
    (5) Except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section, comply with 
all requirements for endorsed sponsors noted in Sec. Sec. 403.804 and 
403.806.
    (c) Waiver of requirements. (1) The following requirements will not 
apply to or will be waived for special endorsed sponsors providing 
transitional assistance to long-term care residents:
    (i) Section 403.806(d) (relating to the prescription drug offering) 
shall not apply to long-term care pharmacies in the special endorsed 
sponsor's network; and
    (ii) Section 403.806(e)(4) (requiring information about the amount 
of transitional assistance remaining) shall not apply to long-term care 
pharmacies in the special endorsed sponsor's network.
    (2)(i) As the Secretary determines appropriate on a case-by-case 
basis, any additional requirements discussed in Sec. Sec. 403.804 and 
403.806, except for the requirements in Sec. Sec. 403.812 and 403.813, 
may be waived or modified on behalf of a special endorsed sponsor for 
long-term care if the waiver or modification is--
    (A) Necessary to enable the applicant to either initiate enrollment 
activities under the special endorsement within 6 months of enactment of 
section 1860D-31 of the Act, or accommodate the unique needs of long-
term care pharmacies; or
    (B) Compliance with the requirement(s) in question would be 
impracticable or inefficient.
    (ii) Applicants to become special endorsed sponsors for long-term 
care must request such waivers or modifications in writing in a manner 
required by the Secretary.
    (d) I/T/U pharmacies. A special endorsed sponsor for I/T/U 
pharmacies must--
    (1) Apply transitional assistance toward the cost of covered 
discount card drugs obtained by transitional assistance enrollees who 
are American Indians and Alaska Natives and who receive prescription 
drugs through I/T/U pharmacies as allowed under paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section;
    (2) Offer contractual arrangements to any I/T/U pharmacy that is in 
the special endorsed sponsor's service area and seeking reimbursement 
from transitional assistance for covered discount card drugs provided by 
such pharmacy to transitional assistance enrollees who are also American 
Indians/Alaska Natives;
    (3) Include special terms and conditions in its contracts with 
network I/T/U pharmacies to facilitate access to and the administration 
of transitional assistance for transitional assistance enrollees who are 
American Indians/Alaska Natives, including, but not limited to the 
following:
    (i) Permitting an I/T/U pharmacy to limit its services to only those 
transitional assistance enrollees who are American Indians/Alaska 
Natives, and
    (ii) Allowing an I/T/U pharmacy to select which drugs to stock, 
which may be a more limited set than other retail pharmacies.
    (4) Except as noted in paragraph (e) of this section, comply with 
all requirements for endorsed sponsors noted in Sec. Sec. 403.804 and 
403.806.
    (e) Waiver of requirements. (1) The following requirements will not 
apply to or will be waived for special endorsed sponsors providing 
transitional assistance through I/T/U pharmacies:
    (i) Section 403.806(d) (relating to the prescription drug offering) 
shall not apply to I/T/U pharmacies in the special endorsed sponsor's 
network; and
    (ii) Section 403.806(e)(4) (requiring information about the amount 
of transitional assistance remaining) shall not apply to I/T/U 
pharmacies in the special endorsed sponsor's network.
    (2)(i) As the Secretary determines appropriate on a case-by-case 
basis, any additional requirements discussed in Sec. Sec. 403.804 and 
403.806, except for the requirements in Sec. Sec. 403.812 and 403.813, 
may be waived or modified on behalf of a special endorsed sponsor for I/
T/U pharmacies if the waiver or modification is--
    (A) Necessary to enable the applicant to either initiate enrollment 
activities

[[Page 79]]

under the special endorsement within 6 months of enactment of section 
1860D-31 of the Act, or accommodate the unique needs of I/T/U 
pharmacies; or
    (B) Compliance with the requirement(s) in question would be 
impracticable or inefficient.
    (ii) Applicants to become special endorsed sponsors for I/T/U 
pharmacies must request such waivers or modifications in writing in a 
manner required by the Secretary.



Sec. 403.817  Special rules concerning the territories.

    (a) In general. (1) An applicant for endorsement may submit an 
application to become a special endorsed sponsor for all of the 
territories.
    (2) Of qualified applicants, the Secretary will select at least one 
of the best-qualified applicants to receive a special endorsement for 
the territories.
    (3) Applicants for special endorsement for the territories must 
demonstrate in their applications that they meet the requirements in 
paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Requirements--(1) Negotiated prices. A special endorsed sponsor 
for residents of the territories must provide access to negotiated 
prices in the territories.
    (2) Transitional assistance. Any transitional assistance in the 
territories must be in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section.
    (3) Requirements, exception. Except as specified in paragraph (c) of 
this section, a special endorsed sponsor for the territories must meet 
the requirements of Sec. Sec. 403.804 and 403.806.
    (c) Waiver of requirements and alternative requirements. (1) Section 
403.806(d)(8) (requiring information about price differentials) shall 
not apply to pharmacies located in the territories and which are in the 
special endorsed sponsor's pharmacy network.
    (2) Sections 403.806(f)(2) and (f)(3) will be deemed met if the 
special endorsed sponsor makes a good faith effort to secure the 
participation of retail and mail order pharmacies throughout a 
territory.
    (3)(i) As the Secretary determines appropriate on a case-by-case 
basis, any additional requirements discussed in Sec. Sec. 403.804 and 
403.806, except for the requirements in Sec. Sec. 403.812 and 403.813, 
may be waived or modified on behalf of a special endorsed sponsor for 
the territories if--
    (A) Such waiver is necessary to enable the applicant to either 
initiate enrollment activities under the special endorsement within 6 
months of enactment of section 1860D-31 of the Act, or accommodate the 
unique needs of pharmacies in the territories; or
    (B) Compliance with the requirement(s) in question would be 
impracticable or inefficient.
    (ii) Applicants to become special endorsed sponsors for the 
territories must request such waivers or modifications in writing in a 
manner required by the Secretary.
    (d) Other exceptions. A special endorsed sponsor for the territories 
may enroll in its endorsed discount card program Medicaid enrollees with 
coverage for outpatient prescription drugs, as described in Sec. 
403.810(a)(2).
    (e) Transitional assistance provided by Territories. (1) 
Transitional assistance in the territories may be administered only 
according to a plan submitted by a territory and approved by CMS.
    (2) Territories choosing to provide transitional assistance must 
submit a plan to CMS within 90 days of the publication of this 
regulation. The plan must--
    (i) Describe how funds allocated to the territory are to be used to 
cover the cost of covered discount card drugs obtained by individuals 
who reside in the territory, who are entitled to benefits under Medicare 
Part A or enrolled under Medicare Part B, and who have income at or 
below 135 percent of the poverty line for the contiguous United States; 
and
    (ii) Describe how the territory will ensure that amounts received 
under the allotment are to be used only to provide covered discount card 
drugs to those individuals determined eligible for transitional 
assistance, as described in paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section, and
    (iii) Provide such written assurance for the requirements in 
paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section.
    (3) CMS will review and approve plans submitted and make allotments 
to territories with approved plans.

[[Page 80]]

    (4) CMS may request reports or information to substantiate that the 
territories have administered the program consistent with the 
territory's approved transitional assistance plan.



Sec. 403.820  Sanctions, penalties, and termination.

    (a) Intermediate sanctions. (1) For the violations listed in 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the following intermediate sanctions 
may be imposed on any endorsed sponsor:
    (i) Suspension of enrollment of Medicare beneficiaries.
    (ii) Suspension of information and outreach activities to Medicare 
beneficiaries.
    (2) Duration of sanctions. The intermediate sanctions continue in 
effect until CMS is satisfied that the deficiency on which the 
determination was based has been corrected and is not likely to recur.
    (3) Sanctionable violations. The violations for which intermediate 
sanctions may be imposed are as follows:
    (i) Substantial failure to maintain a contracted retail pharmacy 
network meeting the requirements of Sec. 403.806(f);
    (ii) Substantial failure to comply with CMS Information and Outreach 
Guidelines;
    (iii) Substantial failure to provide discount card enrollees with 
negotiated prices consistent with information reported to CMS for the 
price comparison Web site and/or reported by the endorsed sponsor;
    (iv) Except during the week of November 15, 2004 (which coincides 
with the beginning of the annual coordinated election period), 
substantial failure to ensure that the negotiated price for a covered 
discount card drug does not exceed an amount proportionate to the change 
in the drug's average wholesale price (AWP), and/or an amount 
proportionate to changes in the card sponsor's cost structure (including 
material changes to any discounts, rebates, or other price concessions 
the sponsor receives from a pharmaceutical manufacturer or pharmacy);
    (v) Charging drug card enrollees additional fees beyond a $30 
enrollment fee;
    (vi) Charging transitional assistance enrollees any enrollment fee;
    (vii) Charging a coinsurance more than 5 percent for those at or 
below 100 percent of the poverty line, or 10 percent for those above 100 
percent but at or below 135 percent of the poverty line;
    (viii) Substantial failure to administer properly the transitional 
assistance funding for transitional assistance enrollees;
    (ix) Substantial failure to provide CMS or its designees with 
requested information related to the endorsed sponsor's endorsed 
discount card operations; or
    (x) Failure to otherwise substantially comply with the requirements 
of this subpart, including failing to perform the operational 
requirements of this program or the failure to submit an acceptable plan 
of correction within the timeframe specified by CMS.
    (4) Written notice of proposed sanctions. (i) Prior to imposing 
sanctions, CMS will send a written notice to the endorsed sponsor 
stating the nature and basis of the proposed sanction.
    (ii) CMS will send a copy of the notice in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of 
this section to the Office of the Inspector General.
    (iii) CMS will allow the endorsed sponsor 15 days from the receipt 
of notice to provide evidence that it has not committed an act or 
omission that may fairly be characterized as a basis for sanction.
    (iv) Should an endorsed sponsor present evidence described in 
paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section and by the time limit described in 
that paragraph, a CMS official not involved in the original sanction 
determination shall review the evidence and provide the endorsed sponsor 
a concise written decision setting forth the factual and legal basis for 
the decision that affirms or rescinds the original determination.
    (5) Effective date of sanction. (i) A sanction is effective 15 days 
after the date that the endorsed sponsor is notified of the sanction or, 
if the endorsed sponsor timely seeks reconsideration of that sanction 
decision, on the date specified in the notice of CMS's reconsideration 
determination.
    (ii) The sanction remains in effect until CMS notifies the endorsed 
sponsor that CMS is satisfied that the basis

[[Page 81]]

for imposing the sanction has been corrected and is not likely to recur.
    (b) Civil monetary penalties--(1) OIG penalties. The Office of the 
Inspector General (OIG) may impose civil monetary penalties in 
accordance with 42 CFR parts 1003 and 1005 in addition to, or in place 
of, sanctions that CMS may impose, as described in paragraph (a) of this 
section, against an endorsed sponsor whom it determines has knowingly--
    (i) Misrepresented or falsified information in information and 
outreach or comparable material provided to program enrollee or other 
persons;
    (ii) Charged a program enrollee in violation of the terms of the 
endorsement contract; or
    (iii) Used transitional assistance funds in any manner that is 
inconsistent with the purpose of the transitional assistance program.
    (2) CMS penalties. If CMS determines that an endorsed sponsor has 
engaged in conduct that it knows or should know constitutes a violation 
as described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, where the failure to 
perform involves the operational requirements of the program, CMS may 
impose civil monetary penalties in accordance with 42 CFR parts 1003 and 
1005 in addition to, or in place of, the sanctions that CMS may impose, 
as described in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (3) CMS or the OIG may impose civil monetary penalties of no more 
than $10,000 for each violation.
    (c) Termination of endorsement by CMS. (1) CMS may terminate the 
endorsement contract at any time with notice on the following bases:
    (i) Any of the bases for the imposition of intermediate sanctions as 
stated in paragraph (a)(3) of this section; or
    (ii) The endorsed sponsor engaged in false or misleading information 
and outreach practices; or
    (iii) The endorsed sponsor fails to comply with the requirement of 
Sec. 403.804(e).
    (2) CMS shall provide the endorsed sponsor written notice of 
termination 30 days prior to the CMS-determined effective date of the 
termination at which time the endorsed sponsor must do the following:
    (i) Provide its discount card enrollees notice of the termination 
within 10 days of receiving notice from CMS;
    (ii) Continue to provide services to its discount card enrollees for 
90 days after the discount card enrollees were sent the notice of 
termination from the endorsed sponsor; and
    (iii) Suspend all information and outreach and enrollment activities 
once enrollees have received the notice of termination.
    (3) Corrective action plan. Before terminating a contract, CMS shall 
provide the endorsed sponsor with reasonable opportunity to develop and 
receive CMS approval of a corrective action plan to correct the 
deficiencies that are the basis of the proposed termination.
    (d) Termination by endorsed sponsor--(1) Cause for termination. The 
endorsed sponsor may terminate its endorsement contract if CMS fails 
substantially to carry out the terms of the contract.
    (2) Card sponsor notice. The endorsed sponsor must give advance 
notice as follows:
    (i) To CMS, at least 90 days prior to the intended date of 
termination. This notice must specify the reasons why the endorsed 
sponsor is requesting contract termination; and
    (ii) To its discount card enrollees, by mail, at least 60 days prior 
to the termination effective date. This notice must include a written 
description of alternative endorsed discount card programs that serve 
the discount card enrollee's address.
    (3) Effective date of termination. The effective date of the 
termination is determined by CMS and is at least 90 days after the date 
CMS receives the endorsed sponsor's notice of intent to terminate.
    (e) Termination by mutual consent. (1) A contract may be modified or 
terminated at any time by written mutual consent.
    (2) If the contract is terminated by mutual consent, the endorsed 
sponsor must provide notice to its discount card enrollees as provided 
in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
    (3) If the contract is modified by mutual consent, the endorsed 
sponsor must provide notice to its discount

[[Page 82]]

card enrollees of any changes that CMS determines are appropriate for 
notification within timeframes specified by CMS.
    (f) Appeal of contract determinations--(1) Scope. This section 
establishes the procedures for reviewing the following contract 
determinations:
    (i) A determination that an applicant is not qualified to enter into 
a contract with CMS under section 1860D-31 of the Act; and
    (i) A determination to terminate a contract with an endorsed sponsor 
in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) Notice of determination. When CMS makes an initial contract 
determination, it gives the endorsed sponsor or applicant written notice 
specifying--
    (i) The reasons for the determination; and
    (ii) The endorsed sponsor's or applicant's right to request 
reconsideration.
    (3) Effect of contract determination. The contract determination is 
final and binding unless a timely request for a reconsideration hearing 
is filed under this section.
    (4) Right to reconsideration. An endorsed sponsor whose contract is 
terminated or an applicant denied endorsement may request a hearing for 
reconsideration of the CMS contract determination.
    (5) Method and place for filing a request. A request for a 
reconsideration hearing must be made in writing and filed with the CMS 
Central Office.
    (6) Time for filing a request. The request for a reconsideration 
hearing must be filed within 15 days from the date of the notice of the 
initial determination.
    (7) Appointment of hearing officer. CMS shall appoint a hearing 
officer to conduct the reconsideration. The hearing officer shall be a 
representative of the Administrator and not otherwise a party to the 
contract determination.
    (8) Conduct of hearing. The endorsed sponsor or applicant may be 
represented by counsel and may present evidence and examine witnesses. A 
complete recording of the proceedings will be made and transcribed.
    (9) Reconsideration determination. A reconsideration determination 
is a new determination that--
    (i) Is based on a review of the contract determination, the evidence 
and findings upon which it was based, and any other written evidence 
submitted before notice of the reconsidered determination is mailed, 
including facts relating to the status of the endorsed sponsor 
subsequent to the contract determination; and
    (ii) Affirms, reverses, or modifies the initial contract 
determination.
    (10) Notice of reconsidered determination. As soon as practicable 
after the close of the hearing, the hearing officer issues a written 
reconsideration determination that contains the following:
    (i) Findings with respect to the applicant's qualifications to enter 
into or an endorsed sponsor's qualifications to remain under a contract 
with CMS under section 1860D-31 of the Act;
    (ii) A statement of the specific reasons for the reconsidered 
determination.
    (11) Effect of reconsidered determination. A reconsidered 
determination is final and binding on the parties and is not subject to 
judicial review.
    (g) Compliance with HIPAA. Failure of an endorsed sponsor to comply 
with HIPAA and/or the standards, implementation specifications, and 
requirements in 45 CFR parts 160, 162, and 164, as established in Sec. 
403.812, shall be a violation of HIPAA and may be enforced under 
sections 1176 and 1177 of the Act.



Sec. 403.822  Reimbursement of transitional assistance and associated sponsor 
requirements.

    (a) A Transitional Assistance Account is created within the Federal 
Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund and kept separate from all 
other funds within that fund.
    (b) The Managing Trustee of the Transitional Assistance Account 
shall pay on a monthly basis from the Account the amounts certified by 
CMS as necessary to make payments for transitional assistance as allowed 
in Sec. 403.808.
    (c) Endorsed sponsors must routinely account to CMS for the 
transitional assistance provided to the transitional assistance 
enrollees for finalized (not

[[Page 83]]

pending, or denied) claims up to the allowed balance provided by CMS to 
the sponsor.
    (d) Payment transactions will be audited by the Secretary or his 
agent.
    (e) Federal funding in excess of the amount of the balance included 
in CMS's system is not permitted.

[[Page 84]]



                      SUBCHAPTER B_MEDICARE PROGRAM



PART 405_FEDERAL HEALTH INSURANCE FOR THE AGED AND DISABLED--Table of Contents




Subpart A [Reserved]

Subpart B_Medical Services Coverage Decisions That Relate to Health Care 
                               Technology

Sec.
405.201 Scope of subpart and definitions.
405.203 FDA categorization of investigational devices.
405.205 Coverage of a non-experimental/investigational (Category B) 
          device.
405.207 Services related to a noncovered device.
405.209 Payment for a non-experimental/investigational (Category B) 
          device.
405.211 Procedures for Medicare contractors in making coverage decisions 
          for a non-experimental/investigational (Category B) device.
405.213 Re-evaluation of a device categorization.
405.215 Confidential commercial and trade secret information.

Subpart C_Suspension of Payment, Recovery of Overpayments, and Repayment 
                        of Scholarships and Loans

                           General Provisions

405.301 Scope of subpart.

   Liability for Payments to Providers and Suppliers, and Handling of 
                           Incorrect Payments

405.350 Individual's liability for payments made to providers and other 
          persons for items and services furnished the individual.
405.351 Incorrect payments for which the individual is not liable.
405.352 Adjustment of title XVIII incorrect payments.
405.353 Certification of amount that will be adjusted against individual 
          title II or railroad retirement benefits.
405.354 Procedures for adjustment or recovery--title II beneficiary.
405.355 Waiver of adjustment or recovery.
405.356 Principles applied in waiver of adjustment or recovery.
405.357 Notice of right to waiver consideration.
405.358 When waiver of adjustment or recovery may be applied.
405.359 Liability of certifying or disbursing officer.

  Suspension and Recoupment of Payment to Providers and Suppliers and 
                Collection and Compromise of Overpayments

405.370 Definitions.
405.371 Suspension, offset, and recoupment of Medicare payments to 
          providers and suppliers of services.
405.372 Proceeding for suspension of payment.
405.373 Proceeding for offset or recoupment.
405.374 Opportunity for rebuttal.
405.375 Time limits for, and notification of, administrative 
          determination after receipt of rebuttal statement.
405.376 Suspension and termination of collection action and compromise 
          of claims for overpayment.
405.377 Withholding Medicare payments to recover Medicaid overpayments.
405.378 Interest charges on overpayment and underpayments to providers, 
          suppliers, and other entities.

                   Repayment of Scholarships and Loans

405.380 Collection of past-due amounts on scholarship and loan programs.

                       Subpart D_Private Contracts

405.400 Definitions.
405.405 General rules.
405.410 Conditions for properly opting-out of Medicare.
405.415 Requirements of the private contract.
405.420 Requirements of the opt-out affidavit.
405.425 Effects of opting-out of Medicare.
405.430 Failure to properly opt-out.
405.435 Failure to maintain opt-out.
405.440 Emergency and urgent care services.
405.445 Renewal and early termination of opt-out.
405.450 Appeals.
405.455 Application to Medicare+Choice contracts.

          Subpart E_Criteria for Determining Reasonable Charges

405.500 Basis.
405.501 Determination of reasonable charges.
405.502 Criteria for determining reasonable charges.
405.503 Determining customary charges.
405.504 Determining prevailing charges.
405.505 Determination of locality
405.506 Charges higher than customary or prevailing charges or lowest 
          charge levels.

[[Page 85]]

405.507 Illustrations of the application of the criteria for determining 
          reasonable charges.
405.508 Determination of comparable circumstances; limitation.
405.509 Determining the inflation-indexed charge.
405.511 Reasonable charges for medical services, supplies, and 
          equipment.
405.512 Carriers' procedural terminology and coding systems.
405.515 Reimbursement for clinical laboratory services billed by 
          physicians.
405.517 Payment for drugs and biologicals that are not paid on a cost or 
          prospective payment basis.
405.520 Payment for a physician assistant's, nurse practitioner's, and 
          clinical nurse specialists' services and services furnished 
          incident to their professional services.
405.534 Limitation on payment for screening mammography services.
405.535 Special rule for nonparticipating physicians and suppliers 
          furnishing screening mammography services before January 1, 
          2002.

Subpart F [Reserved]

      Subpart G_Reconsiderations and Appeals Under Medicare Part A

405.701 Basis, purpose and definitions.
405.702 Notice of initial determination.
405.704 Actions which are initial determinations.
405.705 Actions which are not initial determinations.
405.706 Decisions of utilization review committees.
405.708 Effect of initial determination.
405.710 Right to reconsideration.
405.711 Time and place of filing request for reconsideration.
405.712 Extension of time to request reconsideration.
405.714 Withdrawal of request for reconsideration.
405.715 Reconsidered determination.
405.716 Notice of reconsidered determination.
405.717 Effect of a reconsidered determination.
405.718 Expedited appeals process.
405.720 Hearing; right to hearing.
405.722 Time and place of filing request for a hearing.
405.724 Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) review.
405.730 Court review.
405.732 Review of a national coverage determination (NCD).
405.740 Principles for determining the amount in controversy.
405.745 Amount in controversy ascertained after reconsideration.
405.747 Dismissal of request for hearing; amount in controversy less 
          than $100.
405.750 Time period for reopening initial, revised, or reconsidered 
          determinations and decisions or revised decisions of an ALJ or 
          the Departmental Appeals Board (DAB); binding effect of 
          determination and decisions.
405.753 Appeal of a categorization of a device.

           Subpart H_Appeals Under the Medicare Part B Program

405.801 Part B appeals--general description.
405.802 Definitions.
405.803 Initial determination.
405.804 Notice of initial determination.
405.805 Parties to the initial determination.
405.806 Effect of initial determination.
405.807 Request for review of initial determination.
405.808 Parties to the review.
405.809 Opportunity to submit evidence.
405.810 Review determination.
405.811 Notice of review determination.
405.812 Effect of review determination.
405.815 Amount in controversy for carrier hearing, ALJ hearing and 
          judicial review.
405.817 Principles for determining amount in controversy.
405.821 Request for carrier hearing.
405.822 Parties to a carrier hearing.
405.823 Carrier hearing officer.
405.824 Disqualification of carrier hearing officer.
405.825 Location of carrier hearing.
405.826 Notice of carrier hearing.
405.830 Conduct of the carrier hearing.
405.831 Waiver of right to appear at carrier hearing and present 
          evidence.
405.832 Dismissal of request for carrier hearing.
405.833 Record of carrier hearing.
405.834 Carrier hearing officer's decision.
405.835 Effect of carrier hearing officer's decision.
405.836 Authority of the carrier hearing officer.
405.841 Reopening initial or review determination of the carrier, and 
          decision of a carrier hearing officer.
405.842 Notice of reopening and revision.
405.850 Change of ruling or legal precedent.
405.853 Expedited appeals process.
405.855 ALJ hearing.
405.856 Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) review.
405.857 Court review.
405.860 Review of a national coverage determination (NCD).
405.870 Appointment of representative.
405.871 Qualifications of representatives.
405.872 Authority of representatives.
405.874 Appeals of carrier decisions that supplier standards are not 
          met.

[[Page 86]]

405.877 Appeal of a categorization of a device.

   Subpart I_Determinations, Redeterminations, Reconsiderations, and 
             Appeals Under Original Medicare (Parts A and B)

405.900 Basis and scope.
405.902 Definitions.
405.904 Medicare initial determinations, redeterminations and appeals: 
          General description.
405.906. Parties to the initial determinations, redeterminations, 
          reconsiderations, hearings and reviews.
405.908 Medicaid State agencies.
405.910 Appointed representatives.
405.912 Assignment of appeal rights.

                         Initial Determinations

405.920 Initial determinations.
405.921 Notice of initial determination.
405.922 Time frame for processing initial determinations.
405.924 Actions that are initial determinations.
405.926 Actions that are not initial determinations.
405.927 Initial determinations subject to the reopenings process.
405.928 Effect of the initial determination.

                            Redeterminations

405.940 Right to a redetermination.
405.942 Time frame for filing a request for a redetermination.
405.944 Place and method of filing a request for a redetermination.
405.946 Evidence to be submitted with the redetermination request.
405.948 Conduct of a redetermination.
405.950 Time frame for making a redetermination.
405.952 Withdrawal or dismissal of a request for a redetermination.
405.954 Redetermination.
405.956 Notice of a redetermination.
405.958 Effect of a redetermination.

                             Reconsideration

405.960 Right to a reconsideration.
405.962 Time frame for filing a request for a reconsideration.
405.964 Place and method of filing a request for a reconsideration.
405.966 Evidence to be submitted with the reconsideration request.
405.968 Conduct of a reconsideration.
405.970 Time frame for making a reconsideration.
405.972 Withdrawal or dismissal of a request for a reconsideration.
405.974 Reconsideration.
405.976 Notice of a reconsideration.
405.978 Effect of a reconsideration.

                               Reopenings

405.980 Reopenings of initial determinations, redeterminations, and 
          reconsiderations, hearings and reviews.
405.982 Notice of a revised determination or decision.
405.984 Effect of a revised determination or decision.
405.986 Good cause for reopening.

                   Expedited Access to Judicial Review

405.990 Expedited access to judicial review.

                              ALJ Hearings

405.1000 Hearing before an ALJ: General rule.
405.1002 Right to an ALJ hearing.
405.1004 Right to ALJ review of QIC notice of dismissal.
405.1006 Amount in controversy required to request an ALJ hearing and 
          judicial review.
405.1008 Parties to an ALJ hearing.
405.1010 When CMS or its contractors may participate in an ALJ hearing.
405.1012 When CMS or its contractors may be a party to a hearing.
405.1014 Request for an ALJ hearing.
405.1016 Time frames for deciding an appeal before an ALJ.
405.1018 Submitting evidence before the ALJ hearing.
405.1020 Time and place for a hearing before an ALJ.
405.1022 Notice of a hearing before an ALJ.
405.1024 Objections to the issues.
405.1026 Disqualification of the ALJ.
405.1028 Prehearing case review of evidence submitted to the ALJ.
405.1030 ALJ hearing procedures.
405.1032 Issues before an ALJ.
405.1034 When an ALJ may remand a case to the QIC.
405.1036 Description of an ALJ hearing process.
405.1037 Discovery.
405.1038 Deciding a case without a hearing before an ALJ.
405.1040 Prehearing and posthearing conferences.
405.1042 The administrative record.
405.1044 Consolidated hearing before an ALJ.
405.1046 Notice of an ALJ decision.
405.1048 The effect of an ALJ's decision.
405.1050 Removal of a hearing request from an ALJ to the MAC.
405.1052 Dismissal of a request for a hearing before an ALJ.
405.1054 Effect of dismissal of a request for a hearing before an ALJ.

               Applicability of Medicare Coverage Policies

405.1060 Applicability of nation coverage determinations (NCDs).

[[Page 87]]

405.1062 Applicability of local coverage determinations and other 
          policies not binding on the ALJ and MAC.
405.1063 Applicability of CMS rulings.
405.1064 ALJ decisions involving statistical samples.

                     Medicare Appeals Council Review

405.1100 Medicare Appeals Council review: General.
405.1102 Request for MAC review when an ALJ issues decision or 
          dismissal.
405.1104 Request for MAC review when an ALJ does not issue a decision 
          timely.
405.1106 Where a request for review or escalation may be filed.
405.1108 MAC actions when request for review or escalation is filed.
405.1110 MAC reviews on its own motion.
405.1112 Content of request for review.
405.1114 Dismissal of request for review.
405.1116 Effect of dismissal of request for MAC review or request for 
          hearing.
405.1118 Obtaining evidence from the MAC.
405.1120 Filling briefs with the MAC.
405.1122 What evidence may be submitted to the MAC.
405.1124 Oral argument.
405.1126 Case remanded by the MAC.
405.1128 Action of the MAC.
405.1130 Effect of the MAC's decision.
405.1132 Request for escalation to Federal district court.
405.1134 Extension of time to file action in Federal district court.
405.1136 Judicial review.
405.1138 Case remanded by a Federal district court.
405.1140 MAC review of ALJ decision in a case remanded by a Federal 
          district court.

  Subpart J_Expedited Determinations and Reconsiderations of Provider 
 Service Terminations, and Procedures for Inpatient Hospital Discharges

405.1200 Notifying beneficiaries of provider service terminations.
405.1202 Expedited determination procedures.
405.1204 Expedited reconsiderations.
405.1206 Expedited determinations for inpatient hospital discharges.
405.1208 Hospital requests expedited QIO review.

Subparts K-Q [Reserved]

       Subpart R_Provider Reimbursement Determinations and Appeals

405.1801 Introduction.
405.1803 Intermediary determination and notice of amount of program 
          reimbursement.
405.1804 Matters not subject to administrative or judicial review under 
          prospective payment.
405.1805 Parties to intermediary determination.
405.1807 Effect of intermediary determination.
405.1809 Intermediary hearing procedures.
405.1811 Right to intermediary hearing; time, place, form, and content 
          of request for intermediary hearing.
405.1813 Failure to timely request an intermediary hearing.
405.1815 Parties to the intermediary hearing.
405.1817 Hearing officer or panel of hearing officers authorized to 
          conduct intermediary hearing; disqualification of officers.
405.1819 Conduct of intermediary hearing.
405.1821 Prehearing discovery and other proceedings prior to the 
          intermediary hearing.
405.1823 Evidence at intermediary hearing.
405.1825 Witnesses at intermediary hearing.
405.1827 Record of intermediary hearing.
405.1829 Authority of hearing officer(s) at intermediary hearing.
405.1831 Intermediary hearing decision and notice.
405.1833 Effect of intermediary hearing decision.
405.1835 Right to Board hearing.
405.1837 Group appeal.
405.1839 Amount in controversy.
405.1841 Time, place, form, and content of request for Board hearing.
405.1842 Expediting Board proceedings.
405.1843 Parties to Board hearing.
405.1845 Composition of Board.
405.1847 Disqualification of Board members.
405.1849 Establishment of time and place of hearing by the Board.
405.1851 Conduct of Board hearing.
405.1853 Prehearing discovery and other proceedings prior to the Board 
          hearing.
405.1855 Evidence at Board hearing.
405.1857 Subpoenas.
405.1859 Witnesses.
405.1861 Oral argument and written allegations.
405.1863 Administrative policy at issue.
405.1865 Record of Board hearing.
405.1867 Sources of Board's authority.
405.1869 Scope of Board's decision-making authority.
405.1871 Board hearing decision and notice.
405.1873 Board's jurisdiction.
405.1875 Administrator's review.
405.1877 Judicial review.
405.1881 Appointment of representative.
405.1883 Authority of representative.
405.1885 Reopening a determination or decision.
405.1887 Notice of reopening.
405.1889 Effect of a revision.

[[Page 88]]

Subparts S-T [Reserved]

   Subpart U_Conditions for Coverage of Suppliers of End-Stage Renal 
                         Disease (ESRD) Services

405.2100 Scope of subpart.
405.2101 Objectives of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) program.
405.2102 Definitions.
405.2110 Designation of ESRD networks.
405.2111 [Reserved]
405.2112 ESRD network organizations.
405.2113 Medical review board.
405.2114 [Reserved]
405.2120 Minimum utilization rates: general.
405.2121 Basis for determining minimum utilization rates.
405.2122 Types and duration of classification according to utilization 
          rates.
405.2123 Reporting of utilization rates for classification.
405.2124 Calculation of utilization rates for comparison with minimal 
          utilization rates(s) and notification of status.
405.2130 Condition: Minimum utilization rates.
405.2131 Condition: Provider status: Renal transplantation center or 
          renal dialysis center.
405.2132 [Reserved]
405.2133 Condition: Furnishing data and information for ESRD program 
          administration.
405.2134 Condition: Participation in network activities.
405.2135 Condition: Compliance with Federal, State, and local laws and 
          regulations.
405.2136 Condition: Governing body and management.
405.2137 Condition: Patient long-term program and patient care plan.
405.2138 Condition: Patients' rights and responsibilities.
405.2139 Condition: Medical records.
405.2140 Condition: Physical environment.
405.2150 Condition: Reuse of hemodialyzers and other dialysis supplies.
405.2160 Condition: Affiliation agreement or arrangement.
405.2161 Condition: Director of a renal dialysis facility or renal 
          dialysis center.
405.2162 Condition: Staff of a renal dialysis facility or renal dialysis 
          center.
405.2163 Condition: Minimal service requirements for a renal dialysis 
          facility or renal dialysis center.
405.2164 Conditions for coverage of special purpose renal dialysis 
          facilities.
405.2170 Condition: Director of a renal transplantation center.
405.2171 Condition: Minimal service requirements for a renal 
          transplantation center.
405.2180 Termination of Medicare coverage.
405.2181 Alternative sanctions.
405.2182 Notice of sanction and appeal rights: Termination of coverage.
405.2184 Notice of appeal rights: Alternative sanctions.

Subparts V-W [Reserved]

  Subpart X_Rural Health Clinic and Federally Qualified Health Center 
                                Services

405.2400 Basis.
405.2401 Scope and definitions.
405.2402 Basic requirements.
405.2403 Content and terms of the agreement with the Secretary.
405.2404 Terminations of agreements.
405.2410 Application of Part B deductible and coinsurance.
405.2411 Scope of benefits.
405.2412 Physicians' services.
405.2413 Services and supplies incident to a physician's services.
405.2414 Nurse practitioner and physician assistant services.
405.2415 Services and supplies incident to nurse practitioner and 
          physician assistant services.
405.2416 Visiting nurse services.
405.2417 Visiting nurse services: Determination of shortage of agencies.

               Federally Qualified Health Center Services

405.2430 Basic requirements.
405.2434 Content and terms of the agreement.
405.2436 Termination of agreement.
405.2440 Conditions for reinstatement after termination by CMS.
405.2442 Notice to the public.
405.2444 Change of ownership.
405.2446 Scope of services.
405.2448 Preventive primary services.
405.2450 Clinical psychologist and clinical social worker services.
405.2452 Services and supplies incident to clinical psychologist and 
          clinical social worker services.

 Payment for Rural Health Clinic and Federally Qualified Health Center 
                                Services

405.2460 Applicability of general payment exclusions.
405.2462 Payment for rural health clinic and Federally qualified health 
          center services.
405.2463 What constitutes a visit.
405.2464 All-inclusive rate.
405.2466 Annual reconciliation.
405.2468 Allowable costs.
405.2469 Federally Qualified Health Centers supplemental payments.
405.2470 Reports and maintenance of records.
405.2472 Beneficiary appeals.


[[Page 89]]


    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1861, 1862(a), 1871, 1874, 1881, and 1886(k) 
of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395x, 1395y(a), 1395hh, 
1395kk, 1395rr and 1395ww(k)), and sec. 353 of the Public Health Service 
Act (42 U.S.C. 263a).

Subpart A [Reserved]



Subpart B_Medical Services Coverage Decisions That Relate to Health Care 
                               Technology

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1862 and 1871 of the Social Security Act as 
amended (42 U.S.C.1302, 1395y, and 1395hh).

    Source: 60 FR 48423, Sept. 19, 1995, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 405.201  Scope of subpart and definitions.

    (a) Scope. This subpart establishes that--
    (1) CMS uses the FDA categorization of a device as a factor in 
making Medicare coverage decisions; and
    (2) CMS may consider for Medicare coverage certain devices with an 
FDA-approved investigational device exemption (IDE) that have been 
categorized as non-experimental/investigational (Category B).
    (b) Definitions. As used in this subpart--
    Class I refers to devices for which the general controls of the 
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, such as adherence to good manufacturing 
practice regulations, are sufficient to provide a reasonable assurance 
of safety and effectiveness.
    Class II refers to devices that, in addition to general controls, 
require special controls, such as performance standards or postmarket 
surveillance, to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and 
effectiveness.
    Class III refers to devices that cannot be classified into Class I 
or Class II because insufficient information exists to determine that 
either special or general controls would provide reasonable assurance of 
safety and effectiveness. Class III devices require premarket approval.
    Contractors refers to carriers, fiscal intermediaries, and other 
entities that contract with CMS to review and adjudicate claims for 
Medicare services.
    Experimental/investigational (Category A) device refers to an 
innovative device believed to be in Class III for which ``absolute 
risk'' of the device type has not been established (that is, initial 
questions of safety and effectiveness have not been resolved and the FDA 
is unsure whether the device type can be safe and effective).
    IDE stands for investigational device exemption. An FDA-approved IDE 
application permits a device, which would otherwise be subject to 
marketing clearance, to be shipped lawfully for the purpose of 
conducting a clinical trial in accordance with 21 U.S.C. 360j(g) and 21 
CFR parts 812 and 813.
    Non-experimental/investigational (Category B) device refers to a 
device believed to be in Class I or Class II, or a device believed to be 
in Class III for which the incremental risk is the primary risk in 
question (that is, underlying questions of safety and effectiveness of 
that device type have been resolved), or it is known that the device 
type can be safe and effective because, for example, other manufacturers 
have obtained FDA approval for that device type.
    PMA stands for ``premarket approval'' and refers to a marketing 
application for a Class III device, which includes all information 
submitted with or incorporated by reference in the application in 
accordance with 21 U.S.C. 360e and 360j and 21 CFR 814.3(e).
    Sponsor refers to a person or entity that initiates, but does not 
conduct, an investigation under an IDE.



Sec. 405.203  FDA categorization of investigational devices.

    (a) The FDA assigns a device with an FDA-approved IDE to one of two 
categories:
    (1) Experimental/Investigational (Category A) Devices.
    (2) Non-Experimental/Investigational (Category B) Devices.
    (b) The FDA notifies CMS, when it notifies the sponsor, that the 
device is categorized by FDA as experimental/investigational (Category 
A) or non-experimental/investigational (Category B).

[[Page 90]]

    (c) CMS uses the categorization of the device as a factor in making 
Medicare coverage decisions.



Sec. 405.205  Coverage of a non-experimental/investigational (Category B) device.

    (a) For any device that meets the requirements of the exception at 
Sec. 411.15(o) of this chapter, the following procedures apply:
    (1) The FDA notifies CMS, when it notifies the sponsor, that the 
device is categorized by FDA as non-experimental/investigational 
(Category B).
    (2) CMS uses the categorization of the device as a factor in making 
Medicare coverage decisions.
    (b) If the FDA becomes aware that a categorized device no longer 
meets the requirements of the exception at Sec. 411.15(o) of this 
chapter, the FDA notifies the sponsor and CMS and the procedures 
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section apply.



Sec. 405.207  Services related to a noncovered device.

    (a) When payment is not made. Medicare payment is not made for 
medical and hospital services that are related to the use of a device 
that is not covered because CMS determines the device is not 
``reasonable'' and ``necessary'' under section 1862(a)(1)(A) of the Act 
or because it is excluded from coverage for other reasons. These 
services include all services furnished in preparation for the use of a 
noncovered device, services furnished contemporaneously with and 
necessary to the use of a noncovered device, and services furnished as 
necessary after-care that are incident to recovery from the use of the 
device or from receiving related noncovered services.
    (b) When payment is made. Medicare payment may be made for--
    (1) Covered services to treat a condition or complication that 
arises due to the use of a noncovered device or a noncovered device-
related service; or
    (2) Routine care services related to experimental/investigational 
(Category A) devices as defined in Sec. 405.201(b); and furnished in 
conjunction with an FDA-approved clinical trial. The trial must meet 
criteria established through the national coverage determination 
process; and if the trial is initiated before January 1, 2010, the 
device must be determined as intended for use in the diagnosis, 
monitoring or treatment of an immediately life-threatening disease or 
condition.
    (3) Routine care services related to a non-experimental/
investigational (Category B) device defined in Sec. 405.201(b) that is 
furnished in conjunction with an FDA-approved clinical trial.

[60 FR 48423, Sept. 19, 1995, as amended at 69 FR 66420, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 405.209  Payment for a non-experimental/investigational (Category B) 
device.

    Payment under Medicare for a non-experimental/investigational 
(Category B) device is based on, and may not exceed, the amount that 
would have been paid for a currently used device serving the same 
medical purpose that has been approved or cleared for marketing by the 
FDA.



Sec. 405.211  Procedures for Medicare contractors in making coverage 
decisions for a non-experimental/investigational (Category B) device.

    (a) General rule. In their review of claims for payment, Medicare 
contractors are bound by the statute, regulations, and all CMS 
administrative issuances, including all national coverage decisions.
    (b) Potentially covered non-experimental/investigational (Category 
B) devices. Medicare contractors may approve coverage for any device 
with an FDA-approved IDE categorized as a non-experimental/
investigational (Category B) device if all other coverage requirements 
are met.
    (c) Other considerations. Medicare contractors must consider whether 
any restrictions concerning site of service, indications for use, or any 
other list of conditions for coverage have been placed on the device's 
use.



Sec. 405.213  Re-evaluation of a device categorization.

    (a) General rules. (1) Any sponsor that does not agree with an FDA 
decision that categorizes its device as experimental/investigational 
(Category A) may request re-evaluation of the categorization decision.

[[Page 91]]

    (2) A sponsor may request review by CMS only after the requirements 
of paragraph (b) of this section are met.
    (3) No reviews other than those described in paragraphs (b) and (c) 
of this section are available to the sponsor.
    (4) Neither the FDA original categorization or re-evaluation 
(described in paragraph (b) of this section) nor CMS's review (described 
in paragraph (c) of this section) constitute an initial determination 
for purposes of the Medicare appeals processes under part 405, subpart G 
or subpart H, or parts 417, 473, or 498 of this chapter.
    (b) Request to FDA. A sponsor that does not agree with the FDA's 
categorization of its device may submit a written request to the FDA at 
any time requesting re-evaluation of its original categorization 
decision, together with any information and rationale that it believes 
support recategorization. The FDA notifies both CMS and the sponsor of 
its decision.
    (c) Request to CMS. If the FDA does not agree to recategorize the 
device, the sponsor may seek review from CMS. A device sponsor must 
submit its request in writing to CMS. CMS obtains copies of relevant 
portions of the application, the original categorization decision, and 
supplementary materials. CMS reviews all material submitted by the 
sponsor and the FDA's recommendation. CMS reviews only information in 
the FDA record to determine whether to change the categorization of the 
device. CMS issues a written decision and notifies the sponsor of the 
IDE and the FDA.



Sec. 405.215  Confidential commercial and trade secret information.

    To the extent that CMS relies on confidential commercial or trade 
secret information in any judicial proceeding, CMS will maintain 
confidentiality of the information in accordance with Federal law.



Subpart C_Suspension of Payment, Recovery of Overpayments, and Repayment 
                        of Scholarships and Loans

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1815, 1833, 1842, 1866, 1870, 1871, 1879, and 
1892 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395g, 1395l, 1395u, 
1395cc, 1395gg, 1395hh, 1395pp, and 1395ccc) and 31 U.S.C. 3711.

    Source: 31 FR 13534, Oct. 20, 1966, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977.

                           General Provisions



Sec. 405.301  Scope of subpart.

    This subpart sets forth the policies and procedures for handling of 
incorrect payments and recovery of overpayments.

[54 FR 41733, Oct. 11, 1989]

    Liability for Payments To Providers or Suppliers and Handling of 
                           Incorrect Payments



Sec. 405.350  Individual's liability for payments made to providers and other 
persons for items and services furnished the individual.

    Any payment made under title XVIII of the Act to any provider of 
services or other person with respect to any item or service furnished 
an individual shall be regarded as a payment to the individual, and 
adjustment shall be made pursuant to Sec. Sec. 405.352 through 405.358 
where:
    (a) More than the correct amount is paid to a provider of services 
or other person and the Secretary determines that:
    (1) Within a reasonable period of time, the excess over the correct 
amount cannot be recouped from the provider of services or other person, 
or
    (2) The provider of services or other person was without fault with 
respect to the payment of such excess over the correct amount, or
    (b) A payment has been made under the provisions described in 
section 1814(e) of the Act, to a provider of services for items and 
services furnished the individual.
    (c) For purposes of paragraph (a)(2) of this section, a provider of 
services or other person shall, in the absence of evidence to the 
contrary, be deemed to be without fault if the determination of the 
carrier, the intermediary, or the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
Services that more than the correct amount was paid was made subsequent 
to the third year following the year in

[[Page 92]]

which notice was sent to such individual that such amount had been paid.

[41 FR 1492, Jan. 8, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 61 FR 49271, Sept. 19, 1996]



Sec. 405.351  Incorrect payments for which the individual is not liable.

    Where an incorrect payment has been made to a provider of services 
or other person, the individual is liable only to the extent that he has 
benefited from such payment.



Sec. 405.352  Adjustment of title XVIII incorrect payments.

    Where an individual is liable for an incorrect payment (i.e., a 
payment made under Sec. 405.350(a) or Sec. 405.350(b)) adjustment is 
made (to the extent of such liability) by:
    (a) Decreasing any payment under title II of the Act, or under the 
Railroad Retirement Act of 1937, to which the individual is entitled; or
    (b) In the event of the individual's death before adjustment is 
completed, by decreasing any payment under title II of the Act, or under 
the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937 payable to the estate of the 
individual or to any other person, that are based on the individual's 
earnings record (or compensation).

[31 FR 13534, Oct. 20, 1966, as amended by 41 FR 1492, Jan. 8, 1976. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]



Sec. 405.353  Certification of amount that will be adjusted against 
individual title II or railroad retirement benefits.

    As soon as practicable after any adjustment is determined to be 
necessary, the Secretary, for purposes of this subpart, shall certify 
the amount of the overpayment or payment (see Sec. 405.350) with 
respect to which the adjustment is to be made. If the adjustment is to 
be made by decreasing subsequent payments under the Railroad Retirement 
Act of 1937, such certification shall be made to the Railroad Retirement 
Board.



Sec. 405.354  Procedures for adjustment or recovery--title II beneficiary.

    The procedures applied in making an adjustment or recovery in the 
case of a title II beneficiary are the applicable procedures of 20 CFR 
404.502.

[31 FR 13534, Oct. 20, 1966, as amended at 32 FR 18027, Dec. 16, 1967. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]



Sec. 405.355  Waiver of adjustment or recovery.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 405.352 may not be applied and there may 
be no adjustment or recovery of an incorrect payment (i.e., a payment 
made under Sec. 405.350(a) or Sec. 405.350(b)) in any case where such 
incorrect payment has been made with respect to an individual who is 
without fault, or where such adjustment or recovery would be made by 
decreasing payments to which another person who is without fault is 
entitled as provided in section 1870(b) of the Act where such adjustment 
or recovery would defeat the purpose of title II or title XVIII of the 
Act or would be against equity and good conscience. (See 20 CFR 404.509 
and 404.512.)
    (b) Adjustment or recovery of an incorrect payment (or only such 
part of an incorrect payment as may be determined to be inconsistent 
with the purposes of Title XVIII of the Act) against an individual who 
is without fault shall be deemed to be against equity and good 
conscience if the determination that such payment was incorrect was made 
subsequent to the third year following the year in which notice of such 
payment was sent to such individual. (See Sec. Sec. 405.330-405.332 for 
conditions under which payment may be made for items or services 
furnished after October 30, 1972 which are noncovered by reasons of 
Sec. 405.310 (g) and (k).)

[41 FR 1493, Jan. 8, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]



Sec. 405.356  Principles applied in waiver of adjustment or recovery.

    The principles applied in determining waiver of adjustment or 
recovery (Sec. 405.355) are the applicable principles of Sec. 405.358 
and 20 CFR 404.507-404.509, 404.510a, and 404.512.

[61 FR 49271, Sept. 19, 1996]



Sec. 405.357  Notice of right to waiver consideration.

    Whenever an initial determination is made that more than the correct

[[Page 93]]

amount of payment has been made, notice of the provisions of section 
1870(c) of the Act regarding waiver of adjustment or recovery shall be 
sent to the overpaid individual and to any other individual against whom 
adjustment or recovery of the overpayment is to be effected (see Sec. 
405.358).

[61 FR 49271, Sept. 19, 1996]



Sec. 405.358  When waiver of adjustment or recovery may be applied.

    Section 1870(c) of the Act provides that there shall be no 
adjustment or recovery in any case where an incorrect payment under 
title XVIII (hospital and supplementary medical insurance benefits) has 
been made (including a payment under section 1814(e) of the Act with 
respect to an individual:
    (a) Who is without fault, and
    (b) Adjustment or recovery would either:
    (1) Defeat the purposes of title II or title XVIII of the Act, or
    (2) Be against equity and good conscience.

[61 FR 49271, Sept. 19, 1996]



Sec. 405.359  Liability of certifying or disbursing officer.

    No certifying or disbursing officer shall be held liable for any 
amount certified or paid by him to any provider of services or other 
person:
    (a) Where the adjustment or recovery of such amount is waived (see 
Sec. 405.355), or
    (b) Where adjustment (see Sec. 405.352) or recovery is not 
completed prior to the death of all persons against whose benefits such 
adjustment is authorized.

  Suspension and Recoupment of Payment to Providers and Suppliers and 
                Collection and Compromise of Overpayments



Sec. 405.370  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:
    Offset. The recovery by Medicare of a non-Medicare debt by reducing 
present or future Medicare payments and applying the amount withheld to 
the indebtedness. (Examples are Public Health Service debts or Medicaid 
debts recovered by CMS).
    Recoupment. The recovery by Medicare of any outstanding Medicare 
debt by reducing present or future Medicare payments and applying the 
amount withheld to the indebtedness.
    Suspension of payment. The withholding of payment by an intermediary 
or carrier from a provider or supplier of an approved Medicare payment 
amount before a determination of the amount of the overpayment exists.

[61 FR 63745, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.371  Suspension, offset, and recoupment of Medicare payments to 
providers and suppliers of services.

    (a) General. Medicare payments to providers and suppliers, as 
authorized under this subchapter (excluding payments to beneficiaries), 
may be--
    (1) Suspended, in whole or in part, by CMS, an intermediary, or a 
carrier if CMS, the intermediary, or the carrier possesses reliable 
information that an overpayment or fraud or willful misrepresentation 
exists or that the payments to be made may not be correct, although 
additional evidence may be needed for a determination; or
    (2) Offset or recouped, in whole or in part, by an intermediary or a 
carrier if the intermediary, carrier, or CMS has determined that the 
provider or supplier to whom payments are to be made has been overpaid.
    (b) Steps necessary for suspension of payment, offset, and 
recoupment. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, CMS, 
the intermediary, or carrier suspends payments only after it has 
complied with the procedural requirements set forth at Sec. 405.372. 
The intermediary or carrier offsets or recoups payments only after it 
has complied with the procedural requirements set forth at Sec. 
405.373.
    (c) Suspension of payment in the case of unfiled cost reports. If a 
provider has failed to timely file an acceptable cost report, payment to 
the provider is immediately suspended in whole or in part until a cost 
report is filed and determined by the intermediary to be acceptable. In 
the case of an unfiled cost report, the provisions of Sec. 405.372 do 
not

[[Page 94]]

apply. (See Sec. 405.372(a)(2) concerning failure to furnish other 
information.)

[61 FR 63746, Dec. 2, 1996, as amended at 67 FR 66813, Nov. 1, 2002]



Sec. 405.372  Proceeding for suspension of payment.

    (a) Notice of intention to suspend--(1) General rule. Except as 
provided in paragraphs (a)(2) through (a)(4) of this section, if the 
intermediary, carrier, or CMS has determined that a suspension of 
payments under Sec. 405.371(a)(1) should be put into effect, the 
intermediary or carrier must notify the provider or supplier of the 
intention to suspend payments, in whole or in part, and the reasons for 
making the suspension.
    (2) Failure to furnish information. The notice requirement of 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section does not apply if the intermediary or 
carrier suspends payments to a provider or supplier in accordance with 
section 1815(a) or section 1833(e) of the Act, respectively, because the 
provider or supplier has failed to submit information requested by the 
intermediary or carrier that is needed to determine the amounts due the 
provider or supplier. (See Sec. 405.371(c) concerning failure to file 
timely acceptable cost reports.)
    (3) Harm to Trust Funds. A suspension of payment may be imposed 
without prior notice if CMS, the intermediary, or carrier determines 
that the Medicare Trust Funds would be harmed by giving prior notice. 
CMS may base its determination on an intermediary's or carrier's belief 
that giving prior notice would hinder the possibility of recovering the 
money.
    (4) Fraud or misrepresentation. If the intended suspension of 
payment involves suspected fraud or misrepresentation, CMS determines 
whether to impose the suspension and if prior notice is appropriate. CMS 
directs the intermediary or carrier as to the timing and content of the 
notification to the provider or supplier. CMS is the real party in 
interest and is responsible for the decision. CMS may base its decision 
on information from the intermediary, carrier, law enforcement agencies, 
or other sources. CMS determines whether the information is reliable.
    (b) Rebuttal--(1) If prior notice is required. If prior notice is 
required under paragraph (a) of this section, the intermediary or 
carrier must give the provider or supplier an opportunity for rebuttal 
in accordance with Sec. 405.374. If a rebuttal statement is received 
within the specified time period, the suspension of payment goes into 
effect on the date stated in the notice, and the procedures and 
provisions set forth in Sec. 405.375 apply. If by the end of the period 
specified in the notice no statement has been received, the suspension 
goes into effect automatically, and the procedures set forth in 
paragraph (c) of this section are followed.
    (2) If prior notice is not required. If, under the provisions of 
paragraphs (a)(2) through (a)(4) of this section, a suspension of 
payment is put into effect without prior notice to the provider or 
supplier, the intermediary or carrier must, once the suspension is in 
effect, give the provider or supplier an opportunity to submit a 
rebuttal statement as to why the suspension should be removed.
    (c) Subsequent action. If a suspension of payment is put into 
effect, the intermediary, carrier, or CMS takes timely action after the 
suspension to obtain the additional evidence it may need to make a 
determination as to whether an overpayment exists or the payments may be 
made. The intermediary, carrier, or CMS makes all reasonable efforts to 
expedite the determination. As soon as the determination is made, the 
intermediary or carrier informs the provider or supplier and, if 
appropriate, the suspension is rescinded or any existing recoupment or 
offset is adjusted to take into account the determination.
    (d) Duration of suspension of payment--(1) General rule. Except as 
provided in paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section, a suspension 
of payment is limited to 180 days, starting with the date the suspension 
begins.
    (2) 180-day extension. (i) An intermediary, a carrier, or, in cases 
of fraud and misrepresentation, OIG or a law enforcement agency, may 
request a one-time only extension of the suspension period for up to 180 
additional days if it is unable to complete its examination of the 
information or investigation, as appropriate, within the 180-

[[Page 95]]

day time limit. The request must be submitted in writing to CMS.
    (ii) Upon receipt of a request for an extension, CMS notifies the 
provider or supplier of the requested extension. CMS then either extends 
the suspension of payment for up to an additional 180 days or determines 
that the suspended payments are to be released to the provider or 
supplier.
    (3) Exceptions to the time limits. (i) The time limits specified in 
paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section do not apply if the case 
has been referred to, and is being considered by, the OIG for 
administrative action (for example, civil money penalties).
    (ii) CMS may grant an extension in addition to the extension 
provided under paragraph (d)(2) of this section if the Department of 
Justice submits a written request to CMS that the suspension of payment 
be continued based on the ongoing investigation and anticipated filing 
of criminal and/or civil actions. At a minimum, the request must include 
the following:
    (A) Identification of the entity under suspension.
    (B) The amount of time needed for continued suspension in order to 
implement the criminal and/or civil proceedings.
    (C) A statement of why and/or how criminal and/or civil actions may 
be affected if the requested extension is not granted.
    (e) Disposition of suspended payments. Payments suspended under the 
authority of Sec. 405.371(b) are first applied to reduce or eliminate 
any overpayments determined by the intermediary, carrier, or CMS, 
including any interest assessed under the provisions of Sec. 405.378, 
and then applied to reduce any other obligation to CMS or to HHS. In the 
absence of a legal requirement that the excess be paid to another 
entity, the excess is released to the provider or supplier.

[61 FR 63746, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.373  Proceeding for offset or recoupment.

    (a) General rule. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section, if the intermediary, carrier, or CMS has determined that an 
offset or recoupment of payments under Sec. 405.371(a)(2) should be put 
into effect, the intermediary or carrier must--
    (1) Notify the provider or supplier of its intention to offset or 
recoup payment, in whole or in part, and the reasons for making the 
offset or recoupment; and
    (2) Give the provider or supplier an opportunity for rebuttal in 
accordance with Sec. 405.374.
    (b) Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply if the 
intermediary, after furnishing a provider a written notice of the amount 
of program reimbursement in accordance with Sec. 405.1803, recoups 
payment under paragraph (c) of Sec. 405.1803. (For provider rights in 
this circumstance, see Sec. Sec. 405.1809, 405.1811, 405.1815, 
405.1835, and 405.1843.)
    (c) Actions following receipt of rebuttal statement. If a provider 
or supplier submits, in accordance with Sec. 405.374, a statement as to 
why an offset or recoupment should not be put into effect on the date 
specified in the notice, the intermediary or carrier must comply with 
the time limits and notification requirements of Sec. 405.375.
    (d) No rebuttal statement received. If, by the end of the time 
period specified in the notice, no statement has been received, the 
recoupment or offset goes into effect automatically.
    (e) Duration of recoupment or offset. If a recoupment or offset is 
put into effect, it remains in effect until the earliest of the 
following:
    (1) The overpayment and any assessed interest are liquidated.
    (2) The intermediary or carrier obtains a satisfactory agreement 
from the provider or supplier for liquidation of the overpayment.
    (3) The intermediary or carrier, on the basis of subsequently 
acquired evidence or otherwise, determines that there is no overpayment.

[61 FR 63747, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.374  Opportunity for rebuttal.

    (a) General rule. If prior notice of the suspension of payment, 
offset, or recoupment is given under Sec. 405.372 or Sec. 405.373, the 
intermediary or carrier must give the provider or supplier an 
opportunity, before the suspension, offset, or recoupment takes effect, 
to submit any statement (to include any pertinent information) as to why 
it should

[[Page 96]]

not be put into effect on the date specified in the notice. Except as 
provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the provider or supplier has 
at least 15 days following the date of notification to submit the 
statement.
    (b) Exception. The intermediary or carrier may for cause--
    (1) Impose a shorter period for rebuttal; or
    (2) Extend the time within which the statement must be submitted.

[61 FR 63747, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.375  Time limits for, and notification of, administrative 
determination after receipt of rebuttal statement.

    (a) Submission and disposition of evidence. If the provider or 
supplier submits a statement, under Sec. 405.374, as to why a 
suspension of payment, offset, or recoupment should not be put into 
effect, or, under Sec. 405.372(b)(2), why a suspension should be 
terminated, CMS, the intermediary, or carrier must within 15 days, from 
the date the statement is received, consider the statement (including 
any pertinent evidence submitted), together with any other material 
bearing upon the case, and determine whether the facts justify the 
suspension, offset, or recoupment or, if already initiated, justify the 
termination of the suspension, offset, or recoupment. Suspension, 
offset, or recoupment is not delayed beyond the date stated in the 
notice in order to review the statement.
    (b) Notification of determination. The intermediary or carrier must 
send written notice of the determination made under paragraph (a) of 
this section to the provider or supplier. The notice must--
    (1) In the case of offset or recoupment, contain rationale for the 
determination; and
    (2) In the case of suspension of payment, contain specific findings 
on the conditions upon which the suspension is initiated, continued, or 
removed and an explanatory statement of the determination.
    (c) Determination is not appealable. A determination made under 
paragraph (a) of this section is not an initial determination and is not 
appealable.

[61 FR 63747, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.376  Suspension and termination of collection action and compromise 
of claims for overpayment.

    (a) Basis and purpose. This section contains requirements and 
procedures for the compromise of, or suspension or termination of 
collection action on, claims for overpayments against a provider or a 
supplier under the Medicare program. It is adopted under the authority 
of the Federal Claims Collection Act (31 U.S.C. 3711). Collection and 
compromise of claims against Medicare beneficiaries are explained at 20 
CFR 404.515.
    (b) Definitions. As used in this section, debtor means a provider of 
services or a physician or other supplier of services that has been 
overpaid under title XVIII of the Social Security Act. It includes an 
individual, partnership, corporation, estate, trust, or other legal 
entity.
    (c) Basic conditions. A claim for recovery of Medicare overpayments 
against a debtor may be compromised, or collection action on it may be 
suspended or terminated, by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 
(CMS) if;
    (1) The claim does not exceed $100,000, or such higher amount as the 
Attorney General may from time to time prescribe, exclusive of interest; 
and
    (2) There is no indication of fraud, the filing of a false claim, or 
misrepresentation on the part of the debtor or any director, partner, 
manager, or other party having an interest in the claim.
    (d) Basis for compromise. A claim may be compromised for one or more 
of the following reasons:
    (1) The debtor, or the estate of a deceased debtor, does not have 
the present or prospective ability to pay the full amount within a 
reasonable time;
    (2) The debtor refuses to pay the claim in full and the United 
States is unable to collect the full amount within a reasonable time by 
legal proceedings;
    (3) There is real doubt the United States can prove its case in 
court; or
    (4) The cost of collecting the claim does not justify enforced 
collection of the full amount.

[[Page 97]]

    (e) Basis for termination of collection action. Collection action 
may be terminated for one or more of the following reasons:
    (1) The United States cannot enforce collection of any significant 
sum;
    (2) The debtor cannot be located, there is no security to be 
liquidated, the statute of limitations has run, and the prospects of 
collecting by offset are too remote to justify retention of the claim;
    (3) The cost of further collection action is likely to exceed any 
recovery;
    (4) It is determined the claim is without merit; or
    (5) Evidence to substantiate the claim is no longer available.
    (f) Basis for suspension of collection action. Collection action may 
be suspended for either of the following reasons if future collection 
action is justified based on potential productivity, including 
foreseeable ability to pay, and size of claim:
    (1) The debtor cannot be located; or
    (2) The debtor is unable to make payments on the claim or to fulfill 
an acceptable compromise.
    (g) Factors considered. In determining whether a claim will be 
compromised, or collection action terminated or suspended, CMS will 
consider the following factors:
    (1) Age and health of the debtor, present and potential income, 
inheritance prospects, possible concealment or fraudulent transfer of 
assets, and the availability of assets which may be reached by enforced 
collection proceedings, for compromise under paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section, termination under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, and 
suspension under paragraph (f)(2) of this section;
    (2) Applicable exemptions available to a debtor and uncertainty 
concerning the price of the property in a forced sale, for compromise 
under paragraph (d)(2) of this section and termination under paragraph 
(e)(1) of this section; and
    (3) The probability of proving the claim in court, the probability 
of full or partial recovery, the availability of necessary evidence, and 
related pragmatic considerations, for compromise under paragraph (d)(3) 
of this section.
    (h) Amount of compromise. The amount accepted in compromise will be 
reasonable in relation to the amount that can be recovered by enforced 
collection proceedings.

Consideration shall be given to the following:
    (1) The exemptions available to the debtor under State or Federal 
law;
    (2) The time necessary to collect the overpayment;
    (3) The litigative probabilities involved; and
    (4) The administrative and litigative costs of collection where the 
cost of collecting the claim is a basis for compromise.
    (i) Payment of compromise--(1) Time and manner. Payment of the 
amount that CMS has agreed to accept as a compromise in full settlement 
of a Medicare overpayment claim must be made within the time and in the 
manner prescribed by CMS. An overpayment claim is not compromised or 
settled until the full payment of the compromised amount has been made 
within the time and in the manner prescribed by CMS.
    (2) Failure to pay compromised amount. Failure of the debtor or the 
estate to make payment as provided by the comprise reinstates the full 
amount of the overpayment claim, less any amounts paid prior to the 
default.
    (j) Effect of compromise, or suspension, or termination of 
collection action. Any action taken by CMS under this section regarding 
the compromise of an overpayment claim, or termination or suspension of 
collection action on an overpayment claim, is not an initial 
determination for purposes of the appeal procedures under subparts G, H, 
and R of this part.

[43 FR 59381, Dec. 20, 1978, as amended at 57 56998, Dec. 2, 1992. 
Redesignated and amended at 61 FR 63745, 63747, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.377  Withholding Medicare payments to recover Medicaid overpayments.

    (a) Basis and purpose. This section implements section 1885 of the 
Act, which provides for withholding Medicare payments to certain 
Medicaid providers that have not arranged to repay Medicaid overpayments 
as determined by the Medicaid State agency or have

[[Page 98]]

failed to provide information necessary to determine the amount (if any) 
of overpayments.
    (b) When withholding may be used. CMS may withhold Medicare payment 
to offset Medicaid overpayments that a Medicaid agency has been unable 
to collect if--
    (1) The Medicaid agency has followed the procedure specified in 
Sec. 447.31 of this chapter; and
    (2) The institution or person is one described in paragraph (c) of 
this section and either--
    (i) Has not made arrangements satisfactory to the Medicaid agency to 
repay the overpayment; or
    (ii) Has not provided information to the Medicaid agency necessary 
to enable the agency to determine the existence or amount of Medicaid 
overpayment.
    (c) Institutions or persons affected. Withholding under paragraph 
(b) of this section may be made with respect to any of the following 
entities that has or had in effect an agreement with a Medicaid agency 
to furnish services under an approved Medicaid State plan:
    (1) An institutional provider that has in effect an agreement under 
section 1866 of the Act. (Part 489 (Provider and Supplier Agreements) 
implements section 1866 of the Act.)
    (2) A physician or supplier that has accepted payment on the basis 
of an assignment under section 1842(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act. (Section 
424.55 sets forth the conditions a supplier agrees to in accepting 
assignment.)
    (d) Amount to be withheld. (1) CMS contacts the appropriate 
intermediary or carrier to determine the amount of Medicare payment to 
which the institution or person is entitled.
    (2) CMS may require the intermediary or carrier to withhold Medicare 
payments to the institution or person by the lesser of the following 
amounts:
    (i) The amount of the Medicare payments to which the institution or 
person would otherwise be entitled.
    (ii) The total Medicaid overpayment to the institution or person.
    (e) Notice of withholding. If CMS intends to withhold payments under 
this section, it notifies by certified mail, return receipt requested, 
the institution or person and the appropriate intermediary or carrier of 
the intention to withhold Medicare payments and follows the procedure in 
Sec. 405.374. The notice includes--
    (1) Identification of the institution or person; and
    (2) The amount of Medicaid overpayment to be withheld from payments 
to which the institution or person would otherwise be entitled under 
Medicare.
    (f) Termination of withholding. CMS terminates the withholding if--
    (1) The Medicaid overpayment is completely recovered;
    (2) The institution or person enters into an agreement satisfactory 
to the Medicaid agency to repay the overpayment; or
    (3) The Medicaid agency determines that there is no overpayment 
based on newly acquired evidence or a subsequent audit.
    (g) Disposition of funds withheld. CMS releases amounts withheld 
under this section to the Medicaid agency to be applied against the 
Medicaid overpayment made by the State agency.

[61 FR 63747, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.378  Interest charges on overpayment and underpayments to providers, 
suppliers, and other entities.

    (a) Basis and purpose. This section, which implements sections 
1815(d) and 1833(j) of the common law and Act, and authority granted 
under the Federal Claims Collection Act, provides for the charging and 
payment of interest on overpayments and underpayments to Medicare 
providers, suppliers, HMOs, competitive medical plans (CMPs), and health 
care prepayment plans (HCPPs).
    (b) Basic rules. (1) CMS will charge interest on overpayments, and 
pay interest on underpayments, to providers and suppliers of services 
(including physicians and other practitioners), except as specified in 
paragraphs (f) and (h) of this section.
    (2) Interest accrues from the date of the final determination as 
defined in paragraph (c) of this section, and either is charged on the 
overpayment balance or paid on the underpayment balance for each full 
30-day period that payment is delayed.
    (c) Definition of final determination. (1) For purposes of this 
section, any of the

[[Page 99]]

following constitutes a final determination:
    (i) A Notice of Amount of Program Reimbursement (NPR) is issued, as 
discussed in Sec. Sec. 405.1803, 417.576, and 417.810, and either--
    (A) A written demand for payment is made; or
    (B) A written determination of an underpayment is made by the 
intermediary after a cost report is filed.
    (ii) In cases in which an NPR is not used as a notice of 
determination (that is, primarily under part B), one of the following 
determinations is issued--
    (A) A written determination that an overpayment exists and a written 
demand for payment;
    (B) A written determination of an underpayment; or
    (C) An Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) decision that reduces the 
amount of an overpayment below the amount that CMS has already 
collected.
    (iii) Other examples of cases in which an NPR is not used are 
carrier reasonable charge determinations under subpart E of this part, 
interim cost settlements made for HMOs, CMPs, and HCPPs under Sec. Sec. 
417.574 and 417.810(e) of this chapter, and initial retroactive 
adjustment determinations under Sec. 413.64(f)(2) of this chapter. In 
the case of interim cost settlements and initial retroactive adjustment 
determinations, if the debtor does not dispute the adjustment 
determination within the timeframe designated in the notice of the 
determination (generally at least 15 days), a final determination is 
deemed to have been made. If the provider or supplier does dispute 
portions of the determination, a final determination is deemed to have 
been made on those portions when the intermediary issues a new 
determination in response to the dispute.
    (iv) The due date of a timely-filed cost report that indicates an 
amount is due CMS, and is not accompanied by payment in full. (If an 
additional overpayment or underpayment is determined by the carrier or 
intermediary, a final determination on the additional amount is made in 
accordance with paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(ii), or (c)(1)(iii), of 
this section.)
    (v) With respect to a cost report that is not filed on time, the day 
following the date the cost report was due (plus a single extension of 
time not to exceed 30 days if granted for good cause), until the time as 
a cost report is filed. (When the cost report is subsequently filed, 
there is an additional determination as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) 
(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section.)
    (2) Except as required by any subsequent administrative or judicial 
reversal, interest accrues from the date of final determination as 
specified in this subsection.
    (d) Rate of interest. (1) The interest rate on overpayments and 
underpayments is the higher of--
    (i) The rate as fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after taking 
into consideration private consumer rates of interest prevailing on the 
date of final determination as defined in paragraph (c) of this section 
(this rate is published quarterly in the Federal Register by the 
Department under 45 CFR 30.13(a)); or
    (ii) The current value of funds rate (this rate is published 
annually in the Federal Register by the Secretary of the Treasury, 
subject to quarterly revisions).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) Accrual of interest. (1) If a cost report is filed that does not 
indicate an amount is due CMS but the intermediary makes a final 
determination that an overpayment exists, or if a carrier makes a final 
determination that an overpayment to a physician or supplier exists, 
interest will accrue beginning with the date of such final 
determination. Interest will continue to accrue during periods of 
administrative and judicial appeal and until final disposition of the 
claim.
    (2)(i) If a cost report is filed and indicates that an amount is due 
CMS, interest on the amount due will accrue from the due date of the 
cost report unless--
    (A) Full payment on the amount due accompanies the cost report; or
    (B) The provider and the intermediary agree in advance to liquidate 
the overpayment through a reduction in interim payments over the next 
30-day period.

[[Page 100]]

    (ii) If the intermediary determines an additional overpayment during 
the cost settlement process, interest will accrue from the date of each 
determination.
    (iii) The interest rate on each of the final determinations of an 
overpayment will be the rate of interest in effect on the date the 
determination is made.
    (3) In the case of a cost report that is not filed on time, interest 
also will accrue on a determined overpayment from the day following the 
due date of the report (plus a single extension of time not to exceed 30 
days if granted for good cause, as specified in Sec. 413.24(f)) of this 
chapter, to the time the cost report is filed.
    (4) If an intermediary or a carrier makes a final determination that 
an underpayment exists, interest to the provider or the supplier will 
accrue from the date of notification of the underpayment.
    (f) Waiver of interest charges. (1) When an intermediary or a 
carrier makes a final determination that an overpayment or underpayment 
exists, as specified in paragraphs (e)(1), (e)(2)(ii), and (e)(4)--
    (i) Interest charges will be waived if the overpayment or 
underpayment is completely liquidated within 30 days from the date of 
the final determination.
    (ii) CMS may waive interest charges if it determines that the 
administrative cost of collecting them exceeds the interest charges.
    (2) Interest will not be waived for that period of time during which 
the cost report was due but remained unfiled for more than 30 days, as 
specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
    (g) Rules applicable to partial payments. If an overpayment is 
repaid in installments or recouped by withholding from several payments 
due the provider or supplier of services--
    (1) Each payment or recoupment will be applied first to accrued 
interest and then to the principal; and
    (2) After each payment or recoupment, interest will accrue on the 
remaining unpaid balance.
    (h) Exceptions to applicability. (1) The provisions of this section 
do not apply to the time period for which interest is payable under 
Sec. 413.64(j) of this chapter because the provider seeks judicial 
review of a decision of the Provider Reimbursement Review Board, or a 
subsequent reversal, affirmance, or modification of that decision by the 
Administrator. Prior to that time, until the provider seeks judicial 
review, interest accrues at the rate specified in this section on 
outstanding unpaid balances resulting from final determinations as 
defined in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) If an overpayment or an underpayment determination is reversed 
administratively or judicially, and the reversal is no longer subject to 
appeal, appropriate adjustments will be made with respect to the 
overpayment or underpayment and the amount of interest charged.
    (i) Nonallowable cost. As specified in Sec. Sec. 412.113 and 
413.153 of this chapter, interest accrued on overpayments and interest 
on funds borrowed specifically to repay overpayments are not considered 
allowable costs, up to the amount of the overpayment, unless the 
provider had made a prior commitment to borrow funds for other purposes 
(for example, capital improvements).


(See Sec. 413.153(a)(2) of this chapter for exceptions based on 
administrative or judicial reversal.)

[47 FR 54814, Dec. 6, 1982, as amended at 49 FR 36102, Sept. 14, 1984; 
49 FR 44472, Nov. 7, 1984; 51 FR 34792, Sept. 30, 1986; 56 FR 31336, 
July 10, 1991. Redesignated at 61 FR 63745, Dec. 2, 1996; 69 FR 45607, 
July 30, 2004]

                   Repayment of Scholarships and Loans



Sec. 405.380  Collection of past-due amounts on scholarship and loan 
programs.

    (a) Basis and purpose. This section implements section 1892 of the 
Act, which authorizes the Secretary to deduct from Medicare payments for 
services amounts considered as past-due obligations under the National 
Health Service Corps Scholarship program, the Physician Shortage Area 
Scholarship program, and the Health Education Assistance Loan program.
    (b) Offsetting against Medicare payment. (1) Medicare carriers and 
intermediaries offset against Medicare payments in accordance with the 
signed

[[Page 101]]

repayment agreement between the Public Health Service and individuals 
who have breached their scholarship or loan obligations and who--
    (i) Accept Medicare assignment for services;
    (ii) Are employed by or affiliated with a provider, HMO, or 
Competitive Medical Plan (CMP) that receives Medicare payment for 
services; or
    (iii) Are members of a group practice that receives Medicare payment 
for services.
    (2) For purposes of this section, ``provider'' includes all entities 
eligible to receive Medicare payment in accordance with an agreement 
under section 1866 of the Act.
    (c) Beginning of offset. (1) The Medicare carrier offsets Medicare 
payments beginning six months after it notifies the individual or the 
group practice of the amount to be deducted and the particular 
individual to whom the deductions are attributable.
    (2) The Medicare intermediary offsets payments beginning six months 
after it notifies the provider, HMO, CMP or group practice of the amount 
to be deducted and the particular individuals to whom the deductions are 
attributable. Offset of payments is made in accordance with the terms of 
the repayment agreement. If the individual ceases to be employed by the 
provider, HMO, or CMP, or leaves the group practice, no deduction is 
made.
    (d) Refusal to offset against Medicare payment. If the individual 
refuses to enter into a repayment agreement, or breaches any provision 
of the agreement, or if Medicare payment is insufficient to maintain the 
offset collection according to the agreed upon formula, then--
    (1) The Department, within 30 days if feasible, informs the Attorney 
General; and
    (2) The Department excludes the individual from Medicare until the 
entire past due obligation has been repaid, unless the individual is a 
sole community practitioner or the sole source of essential specialized 
services in a community and the State requests that the individual not 
be excluded.

[57 FR 19092, May 4, 1992]



                       Subpart D_Private Contracts

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1802, and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1302, 1395a, and 1395hh).

    Source: 63 FR 58901, Nov. 2, 1998, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 405.400  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:
    Beneficiary means an individual who is enrolled in Part B of 
Medicare.
    Emergency care services means services furnished to an individual 
for treatment of an ``emergency medical condition'' as that term is 
defined in Sec. 422.2 of this chapter.
    Legal representative means one or more individuals who, as 
determined by applicable State law, has the legal authority to enter 
into the contract with the physician or practitioner on behalf of the 
beneficiary.
    Opt-out means the status of meeting the conditions specified in 
Sec. 405.410.
    Opt-out period means the 2-year period beginning on the effective 
date of the affidavit as specified by Sec. 405.410(c)(1) or Sec. 
405.410(c)(2), as applicable.
    Participating physician means a ``physician'' as defined in this 
section who has signed an agreement to participate in Part B of 
Medicare.
    Physician means a doctor of medicine; doctor of osteopathy; doctor 
of dental surgery or of dental medicine; doctor of podiatric medicine; 
or doctor of optometry who is legally authorized to practice medicine, 
osteopathy, dental surgery, dental medicine, podiatric medicine, or 
optometry by the State in which he performs such function and who is 
acting within the scope of his license when he performs such functions.
    Practitioner means a physician assistant, nurse practitioner, 
clinical nurse specialist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, 
certified nurse midwife, clinical psychologist, or clinical social 
worker, who is currently legally authorized to practice in that capacity 
by each State in which he or she furnishes services to patients or 
clients.
    Private contract means a document that meets the criteria specified 
in Sec. 405.415.

[[Page 102]]

    Properly opt-out means to complete, without defect, the requirements 
for opt-out as specified in Sec. 405.410.
    Properly terminate opt-out means to complete, without defect, the 
requirements for terminating opt-out as specified in Sec. 405.445.
    Urgent care services means services furnished to an individual who 
requires services to be furnished within 12 hours in order to avoid the 
likely onset of an emergency medical condition.

[63 FR 58901, Nov. 2, 1998, as amended at 69 FR 1116, Jan. 7, 2004]



Sec. 405.405  General rules.

    (a) A physician or practitioner may enter into one or more private 
contracts with Medicare beneficiaries for the purpose of furnishing 
items or services that would otherwise be covered by Medicare, provided 
the conditions of this subpart are met.
    (b) A physician or practitioner who enters into at least one private 
contract with a Medicare beneficiary under the conditions of this 
subpart, and who submits one or more affidavits in accordance with this 
subpart, opts-out of Medicare for a 2-year period unless the opt-out is 
terminated early according to Sec. 405.445. The physician's or 
practitioner's opt-out may be renewed for subsequent 2-year periods.
    (c) Both the private contracts described in paragraph (a) of this 
section and the physician's or practitioner's opt-out described in 
paragraph (b) of this section are null and void if the physician or 
practitioner fails to properly opt-out in accordance with the conditions 
of this subpart.
    (d) Both the private contracts described in paragraph (a) of this 
section and the physician's or practitioner's opt-out described in 
paragraph (b) of this section are null and void for the remainder of the 
opt-out period if the physician or practitioner fails to remain in 
compliance with the conditions of this subpart during the opt-out 
period.
    (e) Services furnished under private contracts meeting the 
requirements of this subpart are not covered services under Medicare, 
and no Medicare payment will be made for such services either directly 
or indirectly, except as permitted in accordance with Sec. 405.435(c).



Sec. 405.410  Conditions for properly opting-out of Medicare.

    The following conditions must be met for a physician or practitioner 
to properly opt-out of Medicare:
    (a) Each private contract between a physician or a practitioner and 
a Medicare beneficiary that is entered into prior to the submission of 
the affidavit described in paragraph (b) of this section must meet the 
specifications of Sec. 405.415.
    (b) The physician or practitioner must submit an affidavit that 
meets the specifications of Sec. 405.420 to each Medicare carrier with 
which he or she would file claims absent completion of opt-out.
    (c) A nonparticipating physician or a practitioner may opt-out of 
Medicare at any time in accordance with the following:
    (1) The 2-year opt-out period begins the date the affidavit meeting 
the requirements of Sec. 405.420 is signed, provided the affidavit is 
filed within 10 days after he or she signs his or her first private 
contract with a Medicare beneficiary.
    (2) If the physician or practitioner does not timely file any 
required affidavit, the 2-year opt-out period begins when the last such 
affidavit is filed. Any private contract entered into before the last 
required affidavit is filed becomes effective upon the filing of the 
last required affidavit and the furnishing of any items or services to a 
Medicare beneficiary under such contract before the last required 
affidavit is filed is subject to standard Medicare rules.
    (d) A participating physician may properly opt-out of Medicare at 
the beginning of any calendar quarter, provided that the affidavit 
described in Sec. 405.420 is submitted to the participating physician's 
Medicare carriers at least 30 days before the beginning of the selected 
calendar quarter. A private contract entered into before the beginning 
of the selected calendar quarter becomes effective at the beginning of 
the selected calendar quarter and the furnishing of any items or 
services to a Medicare beneficiary

[[Page 103]]

under such contract before the beginning of the selected calendar 
quarter is subject to standard Medicare rules.



Sec. 405.415  Requirements of the private contract.

    A private contract under this subpart must:
    (a) Be in writing and in print sufficiently large to ensure that the 
beneficiary is able to read the contract.
    (b) Clearly state whether the physician or practitioner is excluded 
from Medicare under sections 1128, 1156, or 1892 or any other section of 
the Social Security Act.
    (c) State that the beneficiary or his or her legal representative 
accepts full responsibility for payment of the physician's or 
practitioner's charge for all services furnished by the physician or 
practitioner.
    (d) State that the beneficiary or his or her legal representative 
understands that Medicare limits do not apply to what the physician or 
practitioner may charge for items or services furnished by the physician 
or practitioner.
    (e) State that the beneficiary or his or her legal representative 
agrees not to submit a claim to Medicare or to ask the physician or 
practitioner to submit a claim to Medicare.
    (f) State that the beneficiary or his or her legal representative 
understands that Medicare payment will not be made for any items or 
services furnished by the physician or practitioner that would have 
otherwise been covered by Medicare if there was no private contract and 
a proper Medicare claim had been submitted.
    (g) State that the beneficiary or his or her legal representative 
enters into this contract with the knowledge that he or she has the 
right to obtain Medicare-covered items and services from physicians and 
practitioners who have not opted-out of Medicare, and that the 
beneficiary is not compelled to enter into private contracts that apply 
to other Medicare-covered services furnished by other physicians or 
practitioners who have not opted-out.
    (h) State the expected or known effective date and expected or known 
expiration date of the opt-out period.
    (i) State that the beneficiary or his or her legal representative 
understands that Medigap plans do not, and that other supplemental plans 
may elect not to, make payments for items and services not paid for by 
Medicare.
    (j) Be signed by the beneficiary or his or her legal representative 
and by the physician or practitioner.
    (k) Not be entered into by the beneficiary or by the beneficiary's 
legal representative during a time when the beneficiary requires 
emergency care services or urgent care services. (However, a physician 
or practitioner may furnish emergency or urgent care services to a 
Medicare beneficiary in accordance with Sec. 405.440.)
    (l) Be provided (a photocopy is permissible) to the beneficiary or 
to his or her legal representative before items or services are 
furnished to the beneficiary under the terms of the contract.
    (m) Be retained (original signatures of both parties required) by 
the physician or practitioner for the duration of the opt-out period.
    (n) Be made available to CMS upon request.
    (o) Be entered into for each opt-out period.



Sec. 405.420  Requirements of the opt-out affidavit.

    An affidavit under this subpart must:
    (a) Be in writing and be signed by the physician or practitioner.
    (b) Contain the physician's or practitioner's full name, address, 
telephone number, national provider identifier (NPI) or billing number, 
if one has been assigned, uniform provider identification number (UPIN) 
if one has been assigned, or, if neither an NPI nor a UPIN has been 
assigned, the physician's or practitioner's tax identification number 
(TIN).
    (c) State that, except for emergency or urgent care services (as 
specified in Sec. 405.440), during the opt-out period the physician or 
practitioner will provide services to Medicare beneficiaries only 
through private contracts that meet the criteria of paragraph Sec. 
405.415 for services that, but for their provision under a private 
contract, would have been Medicare-covered services.
    (d) State that the physician or practitioner will not submit a claim 
to Medicare for any service furnished to a Medicare beneficiary during 
the opt-

[[Page 104]]

out period, nor will the physician or practitioner permit any entity 
acting on his or her behalf to submit a claim to Medicare for services 
furnished to a Medicare beneficiary, except as specified in Sec. 
405.440.
    (e) State that, during the opt-out period, the physician or 
practitioner understands that he or she may receive no direct or 
indirect Medicare payment for services that he or she furnishes to 
Medicare beneficiaries with whom he or she has privately contracted, 
whether as an individual, an employee of an organization, a partner in a 
partnership, under a reassignment of benefits, or as payment for a 
service furnished to a Medicare beneficiary under a Medicare+Choice 
plan.
    (f) State that a physician or practitioner who opts-out of Medicare 
acknowledges that, during the opt-out period, his or her services are 
not covered under Medicare and that no Medicare payment may be made to 
any entity for his or her services, directly or on a capitated basis.
    (g) State a promise by the physician or practitioner to the effect 
that, during the opt-out period, the physician or practitioner agrees to 
be bound by the terms of both the affidavit and the private contracts 
that he or she has entered into.
    (h) Acknowledge that the physician or practitioner recognizes that 
the terms of the affidavit apply to all Medicare-covered items and 
services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries by the physician or 
practitioner during the opt-out period (except for emergency or urgent 
care services furnished to the beneficiaries with whom he or she has not 
previously privately contracted) without regard to any payment 
arrangements the physician or practitioner may make.
    (i) With respect to a physician who has signed a Part B 
participation agreement, acknowledge that such agreement terminates on 
the effective date of the affidavit.
    (j) Acknowledge that the physician or practitioner understands that 
a beneficiary who has not entered into a private contract and who 
requires emergency or urgent care services may not be asked to enter 
into a private contract with respect to receiving such services and that 
the rules of Sec. 405.440 apply if the physician furnishes such 
services.



Sec. 405.425  Effects of opting-out of Medicare.

    If a physician or practitioner opts-out of Medicare in accordance 
with this subpart for the 2-year period for which the opt-out is 
effective, the following results obtain:
    (a) Except as provided in Sec. 405.440, no payment may be made 
directly by Medicare or by any Medicare+Choice plan to the physician or 
practitioner or to any entity to which the physician or practitioner 
reassigns his right to receive payment for services.
    (b) The physician or practitioner may not furnish any item or 
service that would otherwise be covered by Medicare (except for 
emergency or urgent care services) to any Medicare beneficiary except 
through a private contract that meets the requirements of this subpart.
    (c) The physician or practitioner is not subject to the requirement 
to submit a claim for items or services furnished to a Medicare 
beneficiary, as specified in Sec. 424.5(a)(6) of this chapter, except 
as provided in Sec. 405.440.
    (d) The physician or practitioner is prohibited from submitting a 
claim to Medicare for items or services furnished to a Medicare 
beneficiary except as provided in Sec. 405.440.
    (e) In the case of a physician, he or she is not subject to the 
limiting charge provisions of Sec. 414.48 of this chapter, except for 
services provided under Sec. 405.440.
    (f) The physician or practitioner is not subject to the prohibition-
on-reassignment provisions of Sec. 414.80 of this chapter, except for 
services provided under Sec. 405.440.
    (g) In the case of a practitioner, he or she is not prohibited from 
billing or collecting amounts from beneficiaries (as provided in 42 
U.S.C. 1395u(b)(18)(B)).
    (h) The death of a beneficiary who has entered into a private 
contract (or whose legal representative has done so) does not invoke 
Sec. 424.62 or Sec. 424.64 of this chapter with respect to the 
physician or practitioner with whom the

[[Page 105]]

beneficiary (or legal representative) has privately contracted.
    (i) The physician or practitioner who has not been excluded under 
sections 1128, 1156, or 1892 of the Social Security Act may order, 
certify the need for, or refer a beneficiary for Medicare-covered items 
and services, provided the physician or practitioner is not paid, 
directly or indirectly, for such services (except as provided in Sec. 
405.440).
    (j) The physician or practitioner who is excluded under sections 
1128, 1156, or 1892 of the Social Security Act may not order, prescribe, 
or certify the need for Medicare-covered items and services except as 
provided in Sec. 1001.1901 of this title, and must otherwise comply 
with the terms of the exclusion in accordance with Sec. 1001.1901 
effective with the date of the exclusion.



Sec. 405.430  Failure to properly opt-out.

    (a) A physician or practitioner fails to properly opt-out if--
    (1) Any private contract between the physician or practitioner and a 
Medicare beneficiary, that was entered into before the affidavit 
described in Sec. 405.420 was filed, does not meet the specifications 
of Sec. 405.415; or
    (2) He or she fails to submit the affidavit(s) in accordance with 
Sec. 405.420.
    (b) If a physician or practitioner fails to properly opt-out in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the following results 
obtain:
    (1) The physician's or practitioner's attempt to opt-out of Medicare 
is nullified, and all of the private contracts between the physician or 
practitioner and Medicare beneficiaries for the two-year period covered 
by the attempted opt-out are deemed null and void.
    (2) The physician or practitioner must submit claims to Medicare for 
all Medicare-covered items and services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries, including the items and services furnished under the 
nullified contracts. A nonparticipating physician is subject to the 
limiting charge provisions of Sec. 414.48 of this chapter. A 
participating physician is subject to the limitations on charges of the 
participation agreement he or she signed.
    (3) The practitioner may not reassign any claim except as provided 
in Sec. 424.80 of this chapter.
    (4) The practitioner may neither bill nor collect an amount from the 
beneficiary except for applicable deductible and coinsurance amounts.
    (5) The physician or practitioner may make another attempt to 
properly opt-out at any time.



Sec. 405.435  Failure to maintain opt-out.

    (a) A physician or practitioner fails to maintain opt-out under this 
subpart if, during the opt-out period--
    (1) He or she knowingly and willfully--
    (i) Submits a claim for Medicare payment (except as provided in 
Sec. 405.440); or
    (ii) Receives Medicare payment directly or indirectly for Medicare-
covered services furnished to a Medicare beneficiary (except as provided 
in Sec. 405.440).
    (2) He or she fails to enter into private contracts with Medicare 
beneficiaries for the purpose of furnishing items and services that 
would otherwise be covered by Medicare, or enters into contracts that 
fail to meet the specifications of Sec. 405.415; or
    (3) He or she fails to comply with the provisions of Sec. 405.440 
regarding billing for emergency care services or urgent care services; 
or
    (4) He or she fails to retain a copy of each private contract that 
he or she has entered into for the duration of the opt-out period for 
which the contracts are applicable or fails to permit CMS to inspect 
them upon request.
    (b) If a physician or practitioner fails to maintain opt-out in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, then, for the remainder 
of the opt-out period, except as provided by paragraph (d) of this 
section--
    (1) All of the private contracts between the physician or 
practitioner and Medicare beneficiaries are deemed null and void.
    (2) The physician's or practitioner's opt-out of Medicare is 
nullified.
    (3) The physician or practitioner must submit claims to Medicare for 
all Medicare-covered items and services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries.
    (4) The physician or practitioner or beneficiary will not receive 
Medicare payment on Medicare claims for the remainder of the opt-out 
period, except

[[Page 106]]

as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (5) The physician is subject to the limiting charge provisions of 
Sec. 414.48 of this chapter.
    (6) The practitioner may not reassign any claim except as provided 
in Sec. 424.80 of this chapter.
    (7) The practitioner may neither bill nor collect any amount from 
the beneficiary except for applicable deductible and coinsurance 
amounts.
    (8) The physician or practitioner may not attempt to once more meet 
the criteria for properly opting-out until the 2-year opt-out period 
expires.
    (c) Medicare payment may be made for the claims submitted by a 
beneficiary for the services of an opt-out physician or practitioner 
when the physician or practitioner did not privately contract with the 
beneficiary for services that were not emergency care services or urgent 
care services and that were furnished no later than 15 days after the 
date of a notice by the carrier that the physician or practitioner has 
opted-out of Medicare.
    (d) If a physician or practitioner demonstrates that he or she has 
taken good faith efforts to maintain opt-out (including by refunding 
amounts in excess of the charge limits to beneficiaries with whom he or 
she did not sign a private contract) within 45 days of a notice from the 
carrier of a violation of paragraph (a) of this section, then the 
requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(8) of this section are not 
applicable. In situations where a violation of paragraph (a) of this 
section is not discovered by the carrier during the 2-year opt-out 
period when the violation actually occurred, then the requirements of 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(8) of this section are applicable from the 
date that the first violation of paragraph (a) of this section occurred 
until the end of the opt-out period during which the violation occurred 
(unless the physician or practitioner takes good faith efforts, within 
45 days of any notice from the carrier that the physician or 
practitioner failed to maintain opt-out, or within 45 days of the 
physician's or practitioner's discovery of the failure to maintain opt-
out, whichever is earlier, to correct his or her violations of paragraph 
(a) of this section. Good faith efforts include, but are not limited to, 
refunding any amounts collected in excess of the charge limits to 
beneficiaries with whom he or she did not sign a private contract.

[63 FR 58901, Nov. 2, 1998, as amended at 70 FR 70329, Nov. 21, 2005]



Sec. 405.440  Emergency and urgent care services.

    (a) A physician or practitioner who has opted-out of Medicare under 
this subpart need not enter into a private contract to furnish emergency 
care services or urgent care services to a Medicare beneficiary. 
Accordingly, a physician or practitioner will not be determined to have 
failed to maintain opt-out if he or she furnishes emergency care 
services or urgent care services to a Medicare beneficiary with whom the 
physician or practitioner has not previously entered into a private 
contract, provided the physician or practitioner complies with the 
billing requirements specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) When a physician or practitioner who has not been excluded under 
sections 1128, 1156, or 1892 of the Social Security Act furnishes 
emergency care services or urgent care services to a Medicare 
beneficiary with whom the physician or practitioner has not previously 
entered into a private contract, he or she:
    (1) Must submit a claim to Medicare in accordance with both 42 CFR 
part 424 and Medicare instructions (including but not limited to 
complying with proper coding of emergency or urgent care services 
furnished by physicians and practitioners who have opted-out of 
Medicare).
    (2) May collect no more than--
    (i) The Medicare limiting charge, in the case of a physician; or
    (ii) The deductible and coinsurance, in the case of a practitioner.
    (c) Emergency care services or urgent care services furnished to a 
Medicare beneficiary with whom the physician or practitioner has 
previously entered into a private contract (that is, entered into before 
the onset of the emergency medical condition or urgent medical 
condition), are furnished under the terms of the private contract.

[[Page 107]]

    (d) Medicare may make payment for emergency care services or urgent 
care services furnished by a physician or practitioner who has properly 
opted-out when the services are furnished and the claim for services is 
made in accordance with this section. A physician or practitioner who 
has been excluded must comply with the regulations at Sec. 1001.1901 
(Scope and effect of exclusion) of this title when he or she furnishes 
emergency services to beneficiaries and may not bill and be paid for 
urgent care services.



Sec. 405.445  Renewal and early termination of opt-out.

    (a) A physician or practitioner may renew opt-out by filing an 
affidavit with each carrier with which he or she would file claims 
absent completion of opt-out, provided the affidavits are filed within 
30 days after the current opt-out period expires.
    (b) To properly terminate opt-out a physician or practitioner must:
    (1) Not have previously opted out of Medicare.
    (2) Notify all Medicare carriers, with which he or she filed an 
affidavit, of the termination of the opt-out no later than 90 days after 
the effective date of the opt-out period.
    (3) Refund to each beneficiary with whom he or she has privately 
contracted all payment collected in excess of:
    (i) The Medicare limiting charge (in the case of physicians); or
    (ii) The deductible and coinsurance (in the case of practitioners).
    (4) Notify all beneficiaries with whom the physician or practitioner 
entered into private contracts of the physician's or practitioner's 
decision to terminate opt-out and of the beneficiaries' right to have 
claims filed on their behalf with Medicare for the services furnished 
during the period between the effective date of the opt-out and the 
effective date of the termination of the opt-out period.
    (c) When the physician or practitioner properly terminates opt-out 
in accordance with paragraph (b), he or she will be reinstated in 
Medicare as if there had been no opt-out, and the provision of Sec. 
405.425 shall not apply unless the physician or practitioner 
subsequently properly opts out.
    (d) A physician or practitioner who has completed opt-out on or 
before January 1, 1999 may terminate opt-out during the 90 days 
following January 1, 1999 if he or she notifies all carriers to whom he 
or she would otherwise submit claims of the intent to terminate opt-out 
and complies with paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section. Paragraph 
(c) of this section applies in these cases.



Sec. 405.450  Appeals.

    (a) A determination by CMS that a physician or practitioner has 
failed to properly opt-out, failed to maintain opt-out, failed to timely 
renew opt-out, failed to privately contract, or failed to properly 
terminate opt-out is an initial determination for purposes of Sec. 
405.803.
    (b) A determination by CMS that no payment can be made to a 
beneficiary for the services of a physician who has opted-out is an 
initial determination for purposes of Sec. 405.803.



Sec. 405.455  Application to Medicare+Choice contracts.

    An organization that has a contract with CMS to provide one or more 
Medicare+Choice (M+C) plans to beneficiaries (part 422 of this chapter):
    (a) Must acquire and maintain information from Medicare carriers on 
physicians and practitioners who have opted-out of Medicare.
    (b) Must make no payment directly or indirectly for Medicare covered 
services furnished to a Medicare beneficiary by a physician or 
practitioner who has opted-out of Medicare.
    (c) May make payment to a physician or practitioner who furnishes 
emergency or urgent care services to a beneficiary who has not 
previously entered into a private contract with the physician or 
practitioner in accordance with Sec. 405.440.



          Subpart E_Criteria for Determining Reasonable Charges

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh).

[[Page 108]]


    Source: 32 FR 12599, Aug. 31, 1967, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977.



Sec. 405.500  Basis.

    Subpart E is based on the provisions of the following sections of 
the Act: Section 1814(b) provides for Part A payment on the basis of the 
lesser of a provider's reasonable costs or customary charges. Section 
1832 establishes the scope of benefits provided under the Part B 
supplementary medical insurance program. Section 1833(a) sets forth the 
amounts of payment for supplementary medical insurance services on the 
basis of the lesser of a provider's reasonable costs or customary 
charges. Section 1834(a) specifies how payments are made for the 
purchase or rental of new and used durable medical equipment for 
Medicare beneficiaries. Section 1834(b) provides for payment for 
radiologist services on a fee schedule basis. Section 1834(c) provides 
for payments and standards for screening mammography. Section 1842(b) 
sets forth the provisions for a carrier to enter into a contract with 
the Secretary and to make determinations with respect to Part B claims. 
Section 1842(h) sets forth the requirements for a physician or supplier 
to voluntarily enter into an agreement with the Secretary to become a 
participating physician or supplier. Section 1842(i) sets forth the 
provisions for the payment of Part B claims. Section 1848 establishes a 
fee schedule for payment of physician services. Section 1861(b) sets 
forth the inpatient hospital services covered by the Medicare program. 
Section 1861(s) sets forth medical and other health services covered by 
the Medicare program. Section 1861(v) sets forth the general authority 
under which CMS may establish limits on provider costs recognized as 
reasonable in determining Medicare program payments. Section 1861(aa) 
sets forth the rural health clinic services and Federally qualified 
health center services covered by the Medicare program. Section 1861(jj) 
defines the term ``covered osteoporosis drug.'' Section 1862(a)(14) 
lists services that are excluded from coverage. Section 1866(a) 
specifies the terms for provider agreements. Section 1881 authorizes 
special rules for the coverage of and payment for services furnished to 
patients with end-stage renal disease. Section 1886 sets forth the 
requirements for payment to hospitals for inpatient hospital services. 
Section 1887 sets forth requirements for payment of provider-based 
physicians and payment under certain percentage arrangements. Section 
1889 provides for Medicare and Medigap information by telephone.

[60 FR 63175, Dec. 8, 1995]



Sec. 405.501  Determination of reasonable charges.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this 
section, Medicare pays no more for Part B medical and other health 
services than the ``reasonable charge'' for such service. The reasonable 
charge is determined by the carriers (subject to any deductible and 
coinsurance amounts as specified in Sec. Sec. 410.152 and 410.160 of 
this chapter).
    (b) Part B of Medicare pays on the basis of ``reasonable cost'' (see 
part 413 of this chapter) for certain institutional services, certain 
services furnished under arrangements with institutions, and services 
furnished by entities that elect to be paid on a cost basis (including 
health maintenance organizations, rural health clinics, Federally 
qualified health centers and end-stage renal disease facilities).
    (c) Carriers will determine the reasonable charge on the basis of 
the criteria specified in Sec. 405.502, and the customary and 
prevailing charge screens in effect when the service was furnished. 
(Also see Sec. Sec. 415.55 through 415.70 and Sec. Sec. 415.100 
through 415.130 of this chapter, which pertain to the determination of 
reimbursement for services performed by hospital-based physicians.) 
However, when services are furnished more than 12 months before the 
beginning of the fee screen year (January 1 through December 30) in 
which a request for payment is made, payment is based on the customary 
and prevailing charge screens in effect for the fee screen year that 
ends immediately preceding the fee screen year in which the claim or 
request for payment is made.
    (d) Payment under Medicare Part B for durable medical equipment and

[[Page 109]]

prosthetic and orthotic devices is determined in accordance with the 
provisions of subpart D of part 414 of this chapter.

[47 FR 63274, Dec. 31, 1981, as amended at 51 FR 34978, Oct. 1, 1986; 51 
FR 37911, Oct. 27, 1986; 54 FR 9003, Mar. 2, 1989; 57 FR 24975, June 12, 
1992; 57 FR 33896, July 31, 1992; 57 FR 57688, Dec. 7, 1992; 60 FR 
63176, Dec. 8, 1995]



Sec. 405.502  Criteria for determining reasonable charges.

    (a) Criteria. The law allows for flexibility in the determination of 
reasonable charges to accommodate reimbursement to the various ways in 
which health services are furnished and charged for. The criteria for 
determining what charges are reasonable include:
    (1) The customary charges for similar services generally made by the 
physician or other person furnishing such services.
    (2) The prevailing charges in the locality for similar services.
    (3) In the case of physicians' services, the prevailing charges 
adjusted to reflect economic changes as provided under Sec. 405.504 of 
this subpart.
    (4) In the case of medical services, supplies, and equipment that 
are reimbursed on a reasonable charge basis (excluding physicians' 
services), the inflation-indexed charge as determined under Sec. 
405.509.
    (5) [Reserved]
    (6) In the case of medical services, supplies, and equipment 
(including equipment servicing) that the Secretary judges do not 
generally vary significantly in quality from one supplier to another, 
the lowest charge levels at which such services, supplies, and equipment 
are widely and consistently available in a locality.
    (7) Other factors that may be found necessary and appropriate with 
respect to a category of service to use in judging whether the charge is 
inherently reasonable. This includes special reasonable charge limits 
(which may be either upper or lower limits) established by CMS or a 
carrier if it determines that the standard rules for calculating 
reasonable charges set forth in this subpart result in the grossly 
deficient or excessive charges. The determination of these limits is 
described in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section.
    (8) In the case of laboratory services billed by a physician but 
performed by an outside laboratory, the payment levels established in 
accordance with the criteria stated in Sec. 405.515.
    (9) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(10) of this section, in the 
case of services of assistants-at-surgery as defined in Sec. 405.580 in 
teaching and non-teaching settings, charges that are not more than 16 
percent of the prevailing charge in the locality, adjusted by the 
economic index, for the surgical procedure performed by the primary 
surgeon. Payment is prohibited for the services of an assistant-at-
surgery in surgical procedures for which CMS has determined that 
assistants-at-surgery on average are used in less than 5 percent of such 
procedures nationally.
    (10) In the case of services of assistants at surgery that meet the 
exception under Sec. 415.190(c)(2) or (c)(3) of this chapter because 
the physician is performing a unique, necessary, specialized medical 
service in the total care of a patient during surgery, reasonable 
charges consistent with prevailing practice in the carrier's service 
area rather than the special assistant at surgery rate.
    (b) Comparable services limitation. The law also specifies that the 
reasonable charge cannot be higher than the charge applicable for a 
comparable service under comparable circumstances to the carriers' own 
policyholders and subscribers.
    (c) Application of criteria. In applying these criteria, the 
carriers are to exercise judgment based on factual data on the charges 
made by physicians to patients generally and by other persons to the 
public in general and on special factors that may exist in individual 
cases so that determinations of reasonable charge are realistic and 
equitable.
    (d) Responsibility of Administration and carriers. Determinations by 
carriers of reasonable charge are not reviewed on a case-by-case basis 
by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, although the general 
procedures and performance of functions by carriers are evaluated. In 
making determinations, carriers apply the provisions of the law under 
broad principles issued by the

[[Page 110]]

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. These principles are intended 
to assure overall consistency among carriers in their determinations of 
reasonable charge. The principles in Sec. Sec. 405.503 through 405.507 
establish the criteria for making such determinations in accordance with 
the statutory provisions.
    (e) Determination of reasonable charges under the End-Stage Renal 
Disease (ESRD) Program--(1) General. Reasonable charges for renal-
related items and services (furnished in connection with transplantation 
or dialysis) must be related to costs and allowances that are reasonable 
when the treatments are furnished in an effective and economical manner.
    (2) Nonprovider (independent) dialysis facilities. Reasonable 
charges for renal-related items and services furnished before August 1, 
1983 must be determined related to costs and charges prior to July, 
1973, in accordance with the regulations at Sec. 405.541. Items and 
services related to outpatient maintenance dialysis that are furnished 
after that date are paid for in accordance with Sec. Sec. 405.544 and 
413.170 of this chapter.
    (3) Provider services and (hospital-based) dialysis facilities. 
Renal-related items and services furnished by providers, or by ESRD 
facilities based in hospitals, before August 1, 1983 are paid for under 
the provider reimbursement provisions found generally in part 413 of 
this chapter. Items and services related to outpatient maintenance 
dialysis that are furnished after that date are paid for in accordance 
with Sec. Sec. 405.544 and 413.170 of this chapter.
    (4) Physicians' services. Reasonable charges for renal-related 
physicians' services must be determined considering charges made for 
other services involving comparable physicians' time and skill 
requirements, in accordance with regulations at Sec. Sec. 405.542 and 
405.543.
    (5) Health maintenance organizations (HMOs). For special rules 
concerning the reimbursement of ESRD services furnished by risk-basis 
HMOs, or by facilities owned or operated by or related to such HMOs by 
common ownership or control, see Sec. Sec. 405.2042(b)(14) and 
405.2050(c).
    (f) Determining payments for certain physician services furnished in 
outpatient hospital settings--(1) General rule. If physician services of 
the type routinely furnished in physicians' offices are furnished in 
outpatient hospital settings before January 1, 1992, carriers determine 
the reasonable charge for those services by applying the limits 
described in paragraph (f)(5) of this section.
    (2) Definition. As used in this paragraph (f), outpatient settings 
means--
    (i) Hospital outpatient departments, including clinics and emergency 
rooms; and
    (ii) Comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities.
    (3) Services covered by limits. The carrier establishes a list of 
services routinely furnished in physicians' offices in the area. The 
carrier has the discretion to determine which professional services are 
routinely furnished in physicians' offices, based on current medical 
practice in the area. Listed below are some examples of routine services 
furnished by office-based physicians.

                                Examples

    Review of recent history, determination of blood pressure, 
ausculation of heart and lungs, and adjustment of medication.
    Brief history and examination, and initiation of diagnostic and 
treatment programs.
    Treatment of an acute respiratory infection.

    (4) Services excluded from limits. The limits established under this 
paragraph do not apply to the following:
    (i) Rural health clinic services.
    (ii) Surgical services included on the ambulatory surgical center 
list of procedures published under Sec. 416.65(c) of this chapter.
    (iii) Services furnished in a hospital emergency room after the 
sudden onset of a medical condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms 
of sufficient severity (including severe pain) such that the absence of 
immediate medical attention could reasonably be expected to result in--
    (A) Placing the patient's health in serious jeopardy;
    (B) Serious impairment to bodily functions; or
    (C) Serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part.

[[Page 111]]

    (iv) Anesthesiology services and diagnostic and therapeutic 
radiology services.
    (v) Federally qualified health center services paid under the rules 
in part 405 subpart X.
    (5) Methodology for developing limits--(i) Development of a charge 
base. The carrier establishes a charge base for each service identified 
as a routine office-based physician service. The charge base consists of 
the prevailing charge in the locality for each such service adjusted by 
the economic index. The carrier uses the prevailing charges that apply 
to services by nonspecialists in office practices in the locality in 
which the outpatient setting is located.
    (ii) Calculation of the outpatient limits. The carrier calculates 
the charge limit for each service by multiplying the charge base amount 
for each service by .60.
    (6) Application of limits. The reasonable charge for physician 
services of the type described in paragraph (f)(3) of this section that 
are furnished in an outpatient setting is the lowest of the actual 
charges, the customary charges in accordance with Sec. 405.503, the 
prevailing charges applicable to these services in accordance with Sec. 
405.504, or the charge limits calculated in paragraph (f)(5)(ii) of this 
section.
    (g) Determination of payment amounts in special circumstances.--(1) 
General. (i) For purposes of this paragraph (g), a ``category of items 
or services'' may consist of a single item or service or any number of 
items or services.
    (ii) CMS or a carrier may determine that the standard rules for 
calculating payment amounts set forth in this subpart for a category of 
items or services identified in section 1861(s) of the Act (other than 
physicians' services paid under section 1848 of the Act and those items 
and services for which payment is made under a prospective payment 
system, such as outpatient hospital services or home health services) 
will result in grossly deficient or excessive amounts. A payment amount 
will not be considered grossly excessive or deficient if it is 
determined that an overall payment adjustment of less than 15 percent is 
necessary to produce a realistic and equitable payment amount. For CMS-
initiated adjustments, CMS will publish in the Federal Register an 
analysis of payment adjustments that exceed $100 million per year in 
compliance with Executive Order 12866. If CMS makes adjustments that 
have a significant effect on a substantial number of small entities, it 
will publish an analysis in compliance with the Regulatory Flexibility 
Act.
    (iii) If CMS or the carrier determines that the standard rules for 
calculating payment amounts for a category of items or services will 
result in grossly deficient or excessive amounts, CMS, or the carrier, 
may establish special payment limits that are realistic and equitable 
for a category of items or services. If CMS makes a determination, it is 
considered a national determination. A carrier determination is one made 
by a carrier or intermediary or groups of carriers or intermediaries 
even if the determination applies to payment in all States.
    (iv) The limit on the payment amount is either an upper limit to 
correct a grossly excessive payment amount or a lower limit to correct a 
grossly deficient payment amount.
    (v) The limit is either a specific dollar amount or is based on a 
special method to be used in determining the payment amount.
    (vi) Except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section, a payment 
limit for a given year may not vary by more than 15 percent from the 
payment amount established for the preceding year.
    (vii) Examples of excessive or deficient payment amounts. Examples 
of the factors that may result in grossly deficient or excessive payment 
amounts include, but are not limited to, the following:
    (A) The marketplace is not competitive. This includes circumstances 
in which the marketplace for a category of items or services is not 
truly competitive because a limited number of suppliers furnish the item 
or service.
    (B) Medicare and Medicaid are the sole or primary sources of payment 
for a category of items or services.
    (C) The payment amounts for a category of items or services do not 
reflect changing technology, increased facility with that technology, or

[[Page 112]]

changes in acquisition, production, or supplier costs.
    (D) The payment amounts for a category of items or services in a 
particular locality are grossly higher or lower than payment amounts in 
other comparable localities for the category of items or services, 
taking into account the relative costs of furnishing the category of 
items or services in the different localities.
    (E) Payment amounts for a category of items or services are grossly 
higher or lower than acquisition or production costs for the category of 
items or services.
    (F) There have been increases in payment amounts for a category of 
items or services that cannot be explained by inflation or technology.
    (G) The payment amounts for a category of items or services are 
grossly higher or lower than the payments made for the same category of 
items or services by other purchasers in the same locality.
    (H) A new technology exists which is not reflected in the existing 
payment allowances.
    (2) Establishing a limit. In establishing a payment limit for a 
category of items or services, CMS or a carrier considers the available 
information that is relevant to the category of items or services and 
establishes a payment amount that is realistic and equitable. The 
factors CMS or a carrier considers in establishing a specific dollar 
amount or special payment method for a category of items or services may 
include, but are not limited to, the following:
    (i) Price markup. Price markup is the relationship between the 
retail and wholesale prices or manufacturer's costs of a category of 
items or services. If information on a particular category of items or 
services is not available, CMS or a carrier may consider the price 
markup on a similar category of items or services and information on 
general industry pricing trends.
    (ii) Differences in charges. CMS or a carrier may consider the 
differences in charges for a category of items or services made to non-
Medicare and Medicare patients or to institutions and other large volume 
purchasers.
    (iii) Costs. CMS or a carrier may consider resources (for example, 
overhead, time, acquisition costs, production costs, and complexity) 
required to produce a category of items or services.
    (iv) Use. CMS or a carrier may impute a reasonable rate of use for a 
category of items or services and consider unit costs based on efficient 
use.
    (v) Payment amounts in other localities. CMS or a carrier may 
consider payment amounts for a category of items or services furnished 
in another locality.
    (3) Notification of limits.--(i) National limits. CMS publishes in 
the Federal Register proposed and final notices announcing a special 
payment limit described in paragraph (g) of this section before it 
adopts the limit. The notices set forth the criteria and circumstances, 
if any, under which a carrier may grant an exception to a payment limit 
for a category of items or services.
    (ii) Carrier-level limits. (A) A carrier proposing to establish a 
special payment limit for a category of items or services must inform 
the affected suppliers and Medicaid agencies of the proposed payment 
amounts and the factors it considered in proposing the particular limit, 
as described in paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(4) of this section and 
must solicit comments. The notice must also consider the following:
    (1) The effects on the Medicare program, including costs, savings, 
assignment rates, beneficiary liability, and quality of care.
    (2) What entities would be affected, such as classes of providers or 
suppliers and beneficiaries.
    (3) How significantly would these entities be affected.
    (4) How would the adjustment affect beneficiary access to items or 
services.
    (B) Before publication of a final notice, the carrier must--
    (1) Evaluate the comments it receives on the proposed notice.
    (2) Notify CMS in writing of any final limits it plans to establish. 
CMS will acknowledge in writing to the carrier that it received the 
carrier's notification.
    (3) After receipt of CMS' acknowledgement, inform the affected 
suppliers and State Medicaid agencies of any final limits it 
establishes.

[[Page 113]]

    (C) The effective date for a final payment limit may apply to 
services furnished at least 60 days after the date that the carrier 
notifies affected suppliers and State Medicaid agencies of the final 
limit.
    (4) Use of valid and reliable data. In determining whether a payment 
amount is grossly excessive or deficient and in establishing an 
appropriate payment amount, valid and reliable data are used. To ensure 
the use of valid and reliable data, CMS or the carrier must meet the 
following criteria to the extent applicable:
    (i) Develop written guidelines for data collection and analysis.
    (ii) Ensure consistency in any survey to collect and analyze pricing 
data.
    (iii) Develop a consistent set of survey questions to use when 
requesting retail prices.
    (iv) Ensure that sampled prices fully represent the range of prices 
nationally.
    (v) Consider the geographic distribution of Medicare beneficiaries.
    (vi) Consider relative prices in the various localities to ensure 
that an appropriate mix of areas with high, medium, and low consumer 
prices was included.
    (vii) Consider criteria to define populous State, less populous 
State, urban area, and rural area.
    (viii) Consider a consistent approach in selecting retail outlets 
within selected cities.
    (ix) Consider whether the distribution of sampled prices from 
localities surveyed is fully representative of the distribution of the 
U.S. population.
    (x) Consider the products generally used by beneficiaries and 
collect prices of these products.
    (xi) When using wholesale costs, consider the cost of the services 
necessary to furnish a product to beneficiaries.
    (5) Review of market prices. If CMS or a carrier makes a payment 
adjustment of more than 15 percent under this paragraph (g), CMS or the 
carrier will review market prices in the years subsequent to the year 
that the initial reduction is effective in order to ensure that further 
reductions continue to be appropriate.
    (h) Special payment limit adjustments greater than 15 percent of the 
payment amount. In addition to applying the general rules under 
paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(5) of this section, CMS applies the 
following rules in establishing a payment adjustment greater than 15 
percent of the payment amount for a category of items or services within 
a year:
    (1) Potential impact of special limit. CMS considers the potential 
impact on quality, access, beneficiary liability, assignment rates, and 
participation of suppliers.
    (2) Supplier consultation. Before making a determination that a 
payment amount for a category of items or services is not inherently 
reasonable by reason of its grossly excessive or deficient amount, CMS 
consults with representatives of the supplier industry likely to be 
affected by the change in the payment amount.
    (3) Publication of national limits. If CMS determines under this 
paragraph (h) to establish a special payment limit for a category of 
items or services, it publishes in the Federal Register the proposed and 
final notices of a special payment limit before it adopts the limit. The 
notices set forth the criteria and circumstances, if any, under which a 
carrier may grant an exception to the limit for the category of items or 
services.
    (i) Proposed notice. The proposed notice--
    (A) Explains the factors and data that CMS considered in determining 
that the payment amount for a category of items or services is grossly 
excessive or deficient;
    (B) Specifies the proposed payment amount or methodology to be 
established for a category of items or services;
    (C) Explains the factors and data that CMS considered in determining 
the payment amount or methodology, including the economic justification 
for a uniform fee or payment limit if it is proposed;
    (D) Explains the potential impacts of a limit on a category of items 
or services as described in paragraph (h)(1) of this section; and
    (E) Allows no less than 60 days for public comment on the proposed 
payment limit for the category of items or services.

[[Page 114]]

    (ii) Final notice. The final notice--
    (A) Explains the factors and data that CMS considered, including the 
economic justification for any uniform fee or payment limit established; 
and
    (B) Responds to the public comments.
    (i) Proposed notice. The proposed notice--
    (A) Explains the factors and data that CMS considered in determining 
that the payment amount for a category of items or services is grossly 
excessive or deficient;
    (B) Specifies the proposed payment amount or methodology to be 
established for a category of items or services;
    (C) Explains the factors and data that CMS considered in determining 
the payment amount or methodology, including the economic justification 
for a uniform fee or payment limit if it is proposed;
    (D) Explains the potential impacts of a limit on a category of items 
or services as described in paragraph (h)(1) of this section; and
    (E) Allows no less than 60 days for public comment on the proposed 
payment limit for the category of items or services.
    (ii) Final notice. The final notice--
    (A) Explains the factors and data that CMS considered, including the 
economic justification for any uniform fee or payment limit established; 
and
    (B) Responds to the public comments.
    (i) Paramedic intercept ambulance services. (1) CMS establishes its 
payment allowance on a carrier-wide basis by using the median allowance 
from all localities within an individual carrier's jurisdiction.
    (2) CMS's payment allowance is equal to the advanced life support 
rate minus 40 percent of the basic life support rate.
    (3) CMS bases payment on the lower of the actual charge or the 
amount described in paragraph (i)(1) and (i)(2) of this section.

(Secs. 1102, 1814(b), 1833(a), 1842(b), and (h), and 1871, 1903(i)(1) of 
the Social Security Act; 49 Stat. 647, as amended, 79 Stat. 296, 302, 
310, 331; 86 Stat. 1395, 1454; 42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395u(b), 1395hh, 
1396b(i)(1).

[32 FR 12599, Aug. 31, 1967]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 
405.502, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the 
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.



Sec. 405.503  Determining customary charges.

    (a) Customary charge defined. The term ``customary charges'' will 
refer to the uniform amount which the individual physician or other 
person charges in the majority of cases for a specific medical procedure 
or service. In determining such uniform amount, token charges for 
charity patients and substandard charges for welfare and other low 
income patients are to be excluded. The reasonable charge cannot, except 
as provided in Sec. 405.506, be higher than the individual physician's 
or other person's customary charge. The customary charge for different 
physicians or other persons may, of course, vary. Payment for covered 
services would be based on the actual charge for the service when, in a 
given instance, that charge is less than the amount which the carrier 
would otherwise have found to be within the limits of acceptable charges 
for the particular service. Moreover, the income of the individual 
beneficiary is not to be taken into account by the carrier in 
determining the amount which is considered to be a reasonable charge for 
a service rendered to him. There is no provision in the law for a 
carrier to evaluate the reasonableness of charges in light of an 
individual beneficiary's economic status.
    (b) Variation of charges. If the individual physician or other 
person varies his charges for a specific medical procedure or service, 
so that no one amount is charged in the majority of cases, it will be 
necessary for the carrier to exercise judgment in the establishment of a 
``customary charge'' for such physician or other person. In making this 
judgment, an important guide, to be utilized when a sufficient volume of 
data on the physician's or other person's charges is available, would be 
the median or midpoint of his charges, excluding token and substandard 
charges as well as exceptional charges on the high side. A significant 
clustering of charges in the vicinity of the median amount might 
indicate that a point of such clustering should be taken as the 
physician's or other person's ``customary'' charge. Use of

[[Page 115]]

relative value scales will help in arriving at a decision in such 
instances.
    (c) Use of relative value scales. If, for a particular medical 
procedure or service, the carrier is unable to determine the customary 
charge on the basis of reliable statistical data (for example, because 
the carrier does not yet have sufficient data or because the performance 
of the particular medical procedure or service by the physician or other 
person is infrequent), the carrier may use appropriate relative value 
scales to determine the customary charge for such procedure or service 
in relation to customary charges of the same physician or person for 
other medical procedures and services.
    (d) Revision of customary charge. A physician's or other person's 
customary charge is not necessarily a static amount. Where a physician 
or other person alters his charges, a revised pattern of charges for his 
services may develop. Where on the basis of adequate evidence, the 
carrier finds that the physician or other person furnishing services has 
changed his charge for a service to the public in general, the customary 
charge resulting from the revised charge for the service should be 
recognized as the customary charge in making determinations of 
reasonable charges for such service when rendered thereafter to 
supplementary insurance beneficiaries. If the new customary charge is 
not above the top of the range of prevailing charges (see Sec. 
405.504(a)), it should be deemed to be reasonable by the carrier, 
subject to the provisions of Sec. 405.508.



Sec. 405.504  Determining prevailing charges.

    (a) Ranges of charges. (1) In the case of physicians' services 
furnished beginning January 1, 1987, the prevailing charges for a 
nonparticipating physician as defined in this paragraph will be no 
higher than the same level that was set for services furnished during 
the previous calendar year for a physician who was a participating 
physician during that year. A nonparticipating physician is a physician 
who has not entered into an agreement with the Medicare program to 
accept payment on an assignment-related basis (in accordance with Sec. 
424.55 of this chapter) for all items and services furnished to 
individuals enrolled under Part B of Medicare during a given calendar 
year.
    (2) No charge for Part B medical or other health services may be 
considered to be reasonable if it exceeds the higher of:
    (i) The prevailing charge for similar services in the same locality 
in effect on December 31, 1970, provided such prevailing charge had been 
found acceptable by CMS; or
    (ii) The prevailing charge that, on the basis of statistical data 
and methodology acceptable to CMS, would cover:
    (A) 75 percent of the customary charges made for similar services in 
the same locality during the 12-month period of July 1 through June 30 
preceding the fee screen year (January 1 through December 31) in which 
the service was furnished; or
    (B) In the case of services furnished more than 12 months before the 
beginning of the fee screen year (January 1 through December 31) in 
which the claim or request for payment is submitted, 75 percent of the 
customary charges made for similar services in the same locality during 
the 12 month period of July 1 through June 30 preceding the fee screen 
year that ends immediately preceding the fee screen year in which the 
claim or request for payment is submitted.
    (3)(i) In the case of physicians' services, furnished before January 
1, 1992, each prevailing charge in each locality may not exceed the 
prevailing charge determined for the FY ending June 30, 1973 (without 
reference to the adjustments made in accordance with the economic 
stabilization program then in effect), except on the basis of 
appropriate economic index data that demonstrate the higher prevailing 
charge level is justified by:
    (A) Changes in general earnings levels of workers that are 
attributable to factors other than increases in their productivity; and
    (B) changes in expenses of the kind incurred by physicians in office 
practice. The office-expense component and the earnings component of 
such index shall be given the relative weights shown in data on self-
employed physicians' gross incomes.


[[Page 116]]


    Example. The available data indicate the office-expense and earnings 
components of the index should be given relative weights of 40 percent 
and 60 percent, respectively, and it is calculated that the aggregate 
increase in expenses of practice for a particular July through June 
period was 112 percent over the expenses of practice for calendar year 
1971 and the increase in earnings (less increases in workers' 
productivity was 110 percent over the earnings for calendar year 1971. 
The allowable increase in any prevailing charge that could be recognized 
during the next fee screen year would be 110.8 percent 
((.40x112)+(.60)x110)=110.8) above the prevailing charge recognized for 
fiscal year 1973.

    (ii)(A) If the increase in the prevailing charge in a locality for a 
particular physician service resulting from an aggregate increase in 
customary charges for that service does not exceed the index determined 
under paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section, the increase is permitted and 
any portion of the allowable increase not used is carried forward and is 
a basis for justifying increases in that prevailing charge in the 
future. However, if the increase in the prevailing charge exceeds the 
allowable increase, the increase will be reduced to the allowable 
amount. Further increases will be justified only to the degree that they 
do not exceed further rises in the economic index. The prevailing charge 
for physicians' services furnished during the 15-month period beginning 
July 1, 1984 may not exceed the prevailing charge for physicians' 
services in effect for the 12-month period beginning July 1, 1983. The 
increase in prevailing charges for physicians' services for subsequent 
fee screen years similarly may not reflect the rise in the economic 
index that would have otherwise been provided for the period beginning 
July 1, 1984, and must be treated as having fully provided for the rise 
in the economic index which would have been otherwise taken into 
account.
    (B) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and 
(ii)(A) of this section, the prevailing charge in the case of a 
physician service in a particular locality determined pursuant to 
paragraphs (a)(2) and (3)(i) of this section for the fiscal year 
beginning July 1, 1975, and for any subsequent fee screen years, if 
lower than the prevailing charge for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
1975, by reason of the application of economic index data, must be 
raised to such prevailing charge which was in effect for the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1975. (If the amount paid on any claim processed by a 
carrier after the original reasonable charge update for the fiscal year 
beginning July 1, 1975, and prior to the adjustments required by the 
preceding sentence, was at least $1 less than the amount due pursuant to 
the preceding sentence, the difference between the amount previously 
paid and the amount due shall be paid within 6 months after December 31, 
1975; however, no payment shall be made on any claim where the 
difference between the amount previously and the amount due shall be 
paid within 6 months after December 31, 1975; however, no payment shall 
be made on any claim where the difference between the amount previously 
paid and the amount due is less than $1.)
    (iii) If, for any reason, a prevailing charge for a service in a 
locality has no precise counterpart in the carrier's charge data for 
calendar year 1971 (the data on which the prevailing charge calculations 
for fiscal year 1973 were based), the limit on the prevailing charge 
will be estimated, on the basis of data and methodology acceptable to 
CMS, to seek to produce the effect intended by the economic index 
criterion. The allowance or reduction of an increase in a prevailing 
charge for any individual medical item or service may affect the 
allowance or reduction of an increase in the prevailing charges for 
other items or services if, for example, the limit on the prevailing 
charge is estimated, or if the prevailing charges for more than one item 
or service are established through the use of a relative value schedule 
and dollar conversion factors.
    (b) Variation in range of prevailing charges. The range of 
prevailing charges in a locality may be different for physicians or 
other persons who engage in a specialty practice or service than for 
others. Existing differentials in the level of charges between different 
kinds of practice or service could, in some localities, lead to the 
development of more than one range of prevailing charges for application 
by

[[Page 117]]

the carrier in its determinations of reasonable charges. Carrier 
decisions in this respect should be responsive to the existing patterns 
of charges by physicians and other persons who render covered services, 
and should establish differentials in the levels of charges between 
different kinds of practice or service only where in accord with such 
patterns.
    (c) Re-evaluation and adjustment of prevailing charges. 
Determinations of prevailing charges by the carrier are to be re-
evaluated and adjusted from time to time on the basis of factual 
information about the charges made by physicians and other persons to 
the public in general. This information should be obtained from all 
possible sources including a carrier's experience with its own programs 
as well as with the supplementary medical insurance program.
    (d) Computation and issuance of the MEI after CY 1992--(1) For 
update years after CY 1992, the MEI is a physician input price index, in 
which the annual percent changes for the direct-labor price components 
are adjusted by an annual percent change in a 10-year moving average 
index of labor productivity in the nonfarm business sector.
    (2) The MEI is constructed, using as a base year, CY 1989 weights 
and annual percent changes in the economic price proxies as shown on the 
following chart:

   Medicare Economic Index Expenditure Categories, Weights, and Price
                                 Proxies
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  1989 weights
        Expense category             \1\,\2\         Price proxy \3\
                                    (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................           100.0
1. Physician's Own Time (net               54.2
 income, general earnings).
    a. Wages and Salaries......            45.3  Average hourly
                                                  earnings, total
                                                  private non-farm.\4\
    b. Fringe Benefits.........             8.8  Employment Cost Index,
                                                  fringe benefits,
                                                  private non-farm.\4\
2. Physician Practice Expense..            45.8
    a. Non-physician Employee              16.3
     Compensation.
        (1) Wages and Salaries.            13.8  Employment Cost Index,
                                                  wages and salaries
                                                  weighted for
                                                  occupational mix of
                                                  non-physician
                                                  employees.\4\
        (2) Fringe Benefits....             2.5  Employment Cost Index,
                                                  fringe benefits, white
                                                  collar.\4\
    b. Office Expense..........            10.3  CPI-U, housing.
    c. Medical Materials and                5.2  PPI, ethical drugs;
     Supplies.                                    PPI, surgical
                                                  appliances and
                                                  supplies; and CPI-U
                                                  medical equipment and
                                                  supplies (equally
                                                  weighted).
    d. Professional Liability               4.8  CMS survey of change in
     Insurance.                                   average liability
                                                  premiums for $100,000/
                                                  $300,000 liability
                                                  coverage among 9 major
                                                  insurers.
    e. Medical Equipment.......             2.3  PPI, medical
                                                  instruments and
                                                  equipment.
    f. Other Professional                   6.9
     Expense.
        (1) Professional Car...             1.4  CPI-U, private
                                                  transportation.
        (2) Other..............             5.5  CPI-U, all items less
                                                  food and energy.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Sources: Martin L. Gonzalez, ed.: Physician Marketplace Statistics,
  Fall, 1990. Center for Health Policy Research, Chicago, American
  Medical Association, 1990; Mark Holoweiko, ``Practice Expenses Take
  the Leap of the Decade,'' Medical Economics, November 12, 1990; and
  CMS, OACT special study.
\2\ Due to rounding, weights may not sum to 100.0%
\3\ All price proxies are for annual percent changes for the 12 months
  ending June 30th.
\4\ Annual percent change values for Physicians' Own Time and Non-
  physician Employee Compensation are net of the change in the 10-year
  moving average of output per man-hour to exclude changes in non-farm
  business sector labor productivity.

    (3) If there is no methodological change, CMS publishes a notice in 
the Federal Register to announce the annual increase in the MEI before 
the beginning of the update year to which it applies. If there are 
changes in the base year weights or price proxies, or if there are any 
other MEI methodological changes, they are published in the Federal 
Register with an opportunity for public comment.

[32 FR 12600, Aug. 31, 1967, as amended at 40 FR 25447, June 16, 1975; 
42 FR 18275, Apr. 6, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 43 FR 4430, Feb. 2, 1978; 47 FR 63274, Dec. 31, 1982; 51 
FR 34978, Oct. 1, 1986; 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 57 FR 55912, Nov. 25, 
1992]

[[Page 118]]



Sec. 405.505  Determination of locality.

    ``Locality'' is the geographical area for which the carrier is to 
derive the reasonable charges or fee schedule amounts for services or 
items. Usually, a locality may be a State (including the District of 
Columbia, a territory, or a Commonwealth), a political or economic 
subdivision of a State, or a group of States. It should include a cross 
section of the population with respect to economic and other 
characteristics. Where people tend to gravitate toward certain 
population centers to obtain medical care or service, localities may be 
recognized on a basis constituting medical services areas (interstate or 
otherwise), comparable in concept to ``trade areas.'' Localities may 
differ in population density, economic level, and other major factors 
affecting charges for services. Carriers therefore shall delineate 
localities on the basis of their knowledge of local conditions. However, 
distinctions between localities are not to be so finely made that a 
locality includes only a very limited geographic area whose population 
has distinctly similar income characteristics (e.g., a very rich or very 
poor neighborhood within a city).

[57 FR 27305, June 18, 1992]



Sec. 405.506  Charges higher than customary or prevailing charges or lowest 
charge levels.

    A charge which exceeds the customary charge of the physician or 
other person who rendered the medical or other health service, or the 
prevailing charge in the locality, or an applicable lowest charge level 
may be found to be reasonable, but only where there are unusual 
circumstances, or medical complications requiring additional time, 
effort or expense which support an additional charge, and only if it is 
acceptable medical or medical service practice in the locality to make 
an extra charge in such cases. The mere fact that the physician's or 
other person's customary charge is higher than prevailing would not 
justify a determination that it is reasonable.

(Secs. 1102, 1842(b) and 1871, 1903(i)(1) of the Social Security Act; 49 
Stat. 647, 79 Stat. 302, 310, 331; 86 Stat. 1395, 1454; (42 U.S.C. 1302, 
1395u(b), 1395hh, 1396b(i)(1)))

[43 FR 32300, July 26, 1978]



Sec. 405.507  Illustrations of the application of the criteria for 
determining reasonable charges.

    The following examples illustrate how the general criteria on 
customary charges and prevailing charges might be applied in determining 
reasonable charges under the supplementary medical insurance program. 
Basically, these examples demonstrate that, except where the actual 
charge is less, reasonable charges will reflect current customary 
charges of the particular physician or other person within the ranges of 
the current prevailing charges in the locality for that type and level 
of service:

    The prevailing charge for a specific medical procedure ranges from 
$80 to $100 in a certain locality.
    Doctor A's bill is for $75 although he customarily charges $80 for 
the procedure.
    Doctor B's bill is his customary charge of $85
    Doctor C's bill is his customary charge of $125
    Doctor D's bill is for $100, although he customarily charges $80, 
and there are no special circumstances in the case.
    The reasonable charge for Doctor A would be limited to $75 since 
under the law the reasonable charge cannot exceed the actual charge, 
even if it is lower than his customary charge and below the prevailing 
charges for the locality.
    The reasonable charge for Doctor B would be $85, because it is his 
customary charge and it falls within the range of prevailing charges for 
that locality.
    The reasonable charge for Doctor C could not be more than $100, the 
top of the range of prevailing charges.
    The reasonable charge for Doctor D would be $80, because that is his 
customary charge. Even though his actual charge of $100 falls within the 
range of prevailing charges, the reasonable charge cannot exceed his 
customary charge in the absence of special circumstances.

[[Page 119]]



Sec. 405.508  Determination of comparable circumstances; limitation.

    (a) Application of limitation. The carrier may not in any case make 
a determination of reasonable charge which would be higher than the 
charge upon which it would base payment to its own policyholders for a 
comparable service in comparable circumstances. The charge upon which it 
would base payment, however, does not necessarily mean the amount the 
carrier would be obligated to pay. Under certain circumstances, some 
carriers pay amounts on behalf of individuals who are their 
policyholders, which are below the customary charges of physicians or 
other persons to other individuals. Payment under the supplementary 
medical insurance program would not be limited to these lower amounts.
    (b) When comparability exists. ``Comparable circumstances,'' as used 
in the Act and this subpart, refers to the circumstances under which 
services are rendered to individuals and the nature of the carrier's 
health insurance programs and the method it uses to determine the 
amounts of payments under these programs. Generally, comparability would 
exist where:
    (1) The carrier bases payment under its program on the customary 
charges, as presently constituted, of physicians or other persons and on 
current prevailing charges in a locality, and
    (2) The determination does not preclude recognition of factors such 
as speciality status and unusual circumstances which affect the amount 
charged for a service.
    (c) Responsibility for determining comparability. Responsibility for 
determining whether or not a carrier's program has comparability will in 
the first instance fall upon the carrier in reporting pertinent 
information about its programs to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
Services. When the pertinent information has been reported, the Centers 
for Medicare & Medicaid Services will advise the carrier whether any of 
its programs have comparability.



Sec. 405.509  Determining the inflation-indexed charge.

    (a) Definition. For purposes of this section, inflation-indexed 
charge means the lowest of the fee screens used to determine reasonable 
charges (as determined in Sec. 405.503 for the customary charge, Sec. 
405.504 for the prevailing charge, this section for the inflation-
indexed charge, and Sec. 405.511 for the lowest charge level) for 
services, supplies, and equipment reimbursed on a reasonable charge 
basis (excluding physicians' services), that is in effect on December 31 
of the previous fee screen year, updated by the inflation adjustment 
factor, as described in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Application of inflation adjustment factor to determine 
inflation-indexed charge. (1) For fee screen years beginning on or after 
January 1, 1987, the inflation-indexed charge is determined by updating 
the fee screen used to determine the reasonable charges in effect on 
December 31 of the previous fee screen year by application of an 
inflation adjustment factor, that is, the annual change in the level of 
the consumer price index for all urban consumers, as compiled by the 
Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the 12-month period ending on June 30 of 
each year.
    (2) For services, supplies, and equipment furnished from October 1, 
1985 through December 31, 1986 the inflation adjustment factor is zero.
    (c) The inflation-indexed charge does not apply to any services, 
supplies, or equipment furnished after December 31, 1991, that are 
covered under or limited by the fee schedule for physicians' services 
established under section 1848 of the Act and part 415 of this chapter. 
These services are subject to the Medicare Economic Index described in 
Sec. 415.30 of this chapter.

[51 FR 34979, Oct. 1, 1986; 51 FR 37911, Oct. 27, 1986, as amended at 56 
FR 59621, Nov. 25, 1991]



Sec. 405.511  Reasonable charges for medical services, supplies, and 
equipment.

    (a) General rule. (1) A charge for any medical service, supply, or 
equipment (including equipment servicing) that in the judgment of CMS 
generally does not vary significantly in quality from one supplier to 
another (and that is

[[Page 120]]

identified by a notice published in the Federal Register) may not be 
considered reasonable if it exceeds:
    (i) The customary charge of the supplier (see Sec. 405.503);
    (ii) The prevailing charge in the locality (see Sec. 405.504);
    (iii) The charge applicable for a comparable service and under 
comparable circumstances to the policyholders or subscribers of the 
carrier (see Sec. 405.508);
    (iv) The lowest charge level at which the item or service is widely 
and consistently available in the locality (see paragraph (c) of this 
section); or
    (v) The inflation-indexed charge, as determined under Sec. 405.509, 
in the case of medical services, supplies, and equipment that are 
reimbursed on a reasonable charge basis (excluding physicians' 
services).
    (2) In the case of laboratory services, paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section is applicable to services furnished by physicians in their 
offices, by independent laboratories (see Sec. 405.1310(a)) and to 
services furnished by a hospital laboratory for individuals who are 
neither inpatients nor outpatients of a hospital. Allowance of 
additional charges exceeding the lowest charge level can be approved by 
the carrier on the basis of unusual circumstances or medical 
complications in accordance with Sec. 405.506.
    (b) Public notice of items and services subject to the lowest charge 
level rule. Before the Secretary determines that lowest charge levels 
should be established for an item or service, notice of the proposed 
determination will be published with an opportunity for public comment. 
The descriptions or specifications of items or services in the notice 
will be in sufficient detail to permit a determination that items or 
services conforming to the descriptions will not vary significantly in 
quality.
    (c) Calculating the lowest charge level. The lowest charge level at 
which an item or service is widely and consistently available in a 
locality is calculated by the carrier in accordance with instructions 
from CMS as follows:
    (1) For items or services furnished on or before December 31, 1986. 
(i) A lowest charge level is calculated for each identified item or 
service in January and July of each year.
    (ii) The lowest charge level for each identified item or service is 
set at the 25th percentile of the charges (incurred or submitted on 
claims processed by the carrier) for that item or service, in the 
locality designated by the carrier for this purpose, during the second 
calendar quarter preceding the determination date. Accordingly, the 
January calculations will be based on charges for the July through 
September quarter of the previous calendar year, and the July 
calculations will be based on charges for the January through March 
quarter of the same calendar year.
    (2) For items or services furnished on or after January 1, 1987. (i) 
A lowest charge level is calculated for each identified item or service 
in January of each year.
    (ii) The lowest charge level for each identified item or service is 
set at the 25th percentile of the charges (incurred or submitted on 
claims processed by the carrier) for that item or service, in the 
locality designated by the carrier for this purpose, during the 3-month 
period of July 1 through September 30 preceding the fee screen year 
(January 1 through December 31) for which the item or service was 
furnished.
    (3) Lowest charge levels for laboratory services. In setting lowest 
charge levels for laboratory services, the carrier will consider only 
charges made for laboratory services performed by physicians in their 
offices, by independent laboratories which meet coverage requirements, 
and for services furnished by a hospital laboratory for individuals who 
are neither inpatients nor outpatients of a hospital.
    (d) Locality. Subject to the approval of the Secretary, the carrier 
may designate its entire service area as the locality for purposes of 
this section, or may otherwise modify the localities used for 
calculating prevailing charges. (The modified locality for an item or 
service will also be used for calculating the prevailing charge for that 
item or service.)

(Secs. 1102, 1842(b) and 1871, 1903(i)(1) of the Social Security Act; 49 
Stat. 647, 79 Stat. 302, 310, 331, 86 Stat. 1395, 1454 (42 U.S.C. 1302, 
1395u(b), 1395hh, 1396b(i)(1)))

[43 FR 32300, July 26, 1978, as amended at 50 FR 40174, Oct. 1, 1985; 51 
FR 34979, Oct. 1, 1986]

[[Page 121]]



Sec. 405.512  Carriers' procedural terminology and coding systems.

    (a) General. Procedural terminology and coding systems are designed 
to provide physicians and third party payers with a common language that 
accurately describes the kinds and levels of services provided and that 
can serve as a basis for coverage and payment determinations.
    (b) Modification of terminology and/or coding systems. A carrier 
that wishes to modify its system of procedural terminology and coding 
shall submit its request to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 
with all pertinent data and information for approval before the revision 
is implemented. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services will 
evaluate the proposal in the light of the guidelines specified in 
paragraph (c) of this section and such other considerations as may be 
pertinent, and consult with the Assistant Secretary for Health. The 
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services will approve such a revision if 
it determines that the potential advantages of the proposed new system, 
outweigh the disadvantages.
    (c) Guidelines. The following considerations and guidelines are 
taken into account in evaluating a carrier's proposal to change its 
system of procedural terminology and coding:
    (1) The rationale for converting to the new terminology and coding;
    (2) The estimated short-run and long-run impact on the cost of the 
health insurance program, other medical care costs, administrative 
expenses, and the reliability of the estimates;
    (3) The degree to which the conversion to the proposed new 
terminology and coding can be accomplished in a way that permits full 
implementation of the reasonable charge criteria in accordance with the 
provisions of this subpart;
    (4) The degree to which the proposed new terminology and coding are 
accepted by physicians in the carrier's area (physician acceptance is 
assumed only if a majority of the Medicare and non-Medicare bills and 
claims completed by physicians in the area and submitted to the carrier 
can reasonably be expected to utilize the proposed new terminology and 
coding);
    (5) The extent to which the proposed new terminology and coding 
system is used by the carrier in its non-Medicare business;
    (6) The clarity with which the proposed system defines its 
terminology and whether the system lends itself to:
    (i) Accurate determinations of coverage;
    (ii) Proper assessment of the appropriate level of payment; and
    (iii) Meeting the carrier's or Professional Standards Review 
Organizations' review needs and such other review needs as may be 
appropriate;
    (7) Compatibility of the new terminology and coding system with 
other systems that the carrier and other carriers may utilize in the 
administration of the Medicare program--e.g., its compatibility with 
systems and statistical requirements and with the historical data in the 
carrier's processing system; and
    (8) Compatibility of the proposed system with the carriers methods 
for determining payment under the fee schedule for physicians' services 
for services which are identified by a single element of terminology but 
which may vary in content.

[40 FR 7639, Feb. 21, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 59 FR 10298, Mar. 4, 1994]



Sec. 405.515  Reimbursement for clinical laboratory services billed by 
physicians.

    This section implements section 1842(h) of the Social Security Act, 
which places a limitation on reimbursement for markups on clinical 
laboratory services billed by physicians. If a physician's bill, or a 
request for payment for a physician's services, includes a charge for a 
laboratory test for which payment may be made under this part, the 
amount payable with respect to the test shall be determined as follows 
(subject to the coinsurance and deductible provisions at Sec. Sec. 
410.152 and 410.160 of this chapter):
    (a) If the bill or request for payment indicates that the test was 
personally performed or supervised either by the physician who submitted 
the bill (or for whose services the request for payment was made), or by 
another physician with whom that physician shares

[[Page 122]]

his or her practice, the payment will be based on the physician's 
reasonable charge for the test (as determined in accordance with Sec. 
405.502).
    (b) If the bill or request for payment indicates that the test was 
performed by an outside laboratory, and identifies both the laboratory 
and the amount the laboratory charged, payment for the test will be 
based on the lower of--
    (1) The laboratory's reasonable charge for the service (as 
determined in accordance with Sec. 405.502), or
    (2) The amount that the laboratory charged the physician for the 
service.
    (c) If the bill or request for payment does not indicate that the 
conditions specified in paragraph (a) of this section were met, and does 
not identify both the laboratory and the amount the laboratory charged, 
payment will be based on the lowest charge at which the carrier 
estimates the test could have been secured from a laboratory serving the 
physician's locality. The carrier will estimate this lowest amount twice 
a year by (i) obtaining lists of charges laboratories make to physicians 
from as many commercial laboratories serving the carrier's area as 
possible (including laboratories in other States from which tests may be 
obtained by physicians in the carrier's service area) and (ii) 
establishing a schedule of lowest prices based on this information. The 
carrier will take into consideration specific circumstances, such as a 
need for emergency services that may be costlier than routine services, 
in making the estimate in a particular case. However, in no case may 
this estimate be higher than the lowest customary charge for commercial 
laboratories, or when applicable to the laboratory service, the lowest 
charge level determined in accordance with Sec. 405.511, in the 
carrier's service area.
    (d) When a physician bills, in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) 
of this section, for a laboratory test and indicates that it was 
performed by an independent laboratory, a nominal payment will also be 
made to the physician for collecting, handling, and shipping the 
specimen to the laboratory, if the physician bills for such a service.

[46 FR 42672, Aug. 24, 1981, as amended at 51 FR 41351, Nov. 14, 1986]



Sec. 405.517  Payment for drugs and biologicals that are not paid on a cost 
or prospective payment basis.

    (a) Applicability--(1) Payment for drugs and biologicals before 
January 1, 2004. Payment for a drug or biological that is not paid on a 
cost or prospective payment basis is determined by the standard 
methodology described in paragraph (b) of this section. Examples of when 
this procedure applies include a drug or biological furnished incident 
to a physician's service, a drug or biological furnished by an 
independent dialysis facility that is not included in the ESRD composite 
rate set forth in Sec. 413.170(c) of this chapter, and a drug or 
biological furnished as part of the durable medical equipment benefit.
    (2) Payment for drugs and biologicals on or after January 1, 2004. 
Effective January 1, 2004, payment for drugs and biologicals that are 
not paid on a cost or prospective payment basis are paid in accordance 
with Part 414, subpart I of this chapter.
    (3) Payment for drugs and biologicals on or after January 1, 2005. 
Effective January 1, 2005, payment for drugs and biologicals that are 
not paid on a cost or prospective payment basis are paid in accordance 
with part 414, subpart K of this chapter.
    (b) Methodology. Payment for a drug or biological described in 
paragraph (a) of this section is based on the lower of the actual charge 
on the Medicare claim for benefits or 95 percent of the national average 
wholesale price of the drug or biological.
    (c) Multiple-source drugs. For multiple-source drugs and 
biologicals, for purposes of this regulation, the average wholesale 
price is defined as the lesser of the median average wholesale price for 
all sources of the generic forms of the drug or biological or the lowest 
average wholesale price of the brand name forms of the drug or 
biological.

[63 FR 58905, Nov. 2, 1998, as amended at 69 FR 1116, Jan. 7, 2004; 69 
FR 66420, Nov. 15, 2004]

[[Page 123]]



Sec. 405.520  Payment for a physician assistant's, nurse practitioner's, and 

clinical nurse specialists' services and services furnished incident to their 

professional services.

    (a) General rule. A physician assistant's, nurse practitioner's, and 
clinical nurse specialists' services, and services and supplies 
furnished incident to their professional services, are paid in 
accordance with the physician fee schedule. The payment for a physician 
assistants' services may not exceed the limits at Sec. 414.52 of this 
chapter. The payment for a nurse practitioners' and clinical nurse 
specialists' services may not exceed the limits at Sec. 414.56 of this 
chapter.
    (b) Requirements. Medicare payment is made only if all claims for 
payment are made on an assignment-related basis in accordance with Sec. 
424.55 of this chapter, that sets forth, respectively, the conditions 
for coverage of physician assistants' services, nurse practitioners' 
services and clinical nurse specialists' services, and services and 
supplies furnished incident to their professional services.
    (c) Civil money penalties. Any person or entity who knowingly and 
willingly bills a Medicare beneficiary amounts in excess of the 
appropriate coinsurance and deductible is subject to a civil money 
penalty as described in Sec. Sec. 402.1(c)(11), 402.105(d)(2)(viii), 
and 402.107(b)(8) of this chapter.

[63 FR 58905, Nov. 2, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 49547, Sept. 28, 2001]



Sec. 405.534  Limitation on payment for screening mammography services.

    The provisions in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section apply 
for services provided from January 1, 1991 until December 31, 2001. 
Screening mammography services provided after December 31, 2001 are paid 
under the physician fee schedule in accordance with Sec. 414.2 of this 
chapter.
    (a) Basis and scope. This section implements section 1834(c) of the 
Act by establishing a limit on payment for screening mammography 
examinations. There are three categories of billing for screening 
mammography services. Those categories and the payment limitations on 
each are set forth in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section.
    (b) Global or complete service billing representing both the 
professional and technical components of the procedure. If a fee is 
billed for a global service, the amount of payment subject to the 
deductible is equal to 80 percent of the least of the following:
    (1) The actual charge for the service.
    (2) The amount established for the global procedure for a diagnostic 
bilateral mammogram under the fee schedule for physicians' services set 
forth at part 414, subpart A.
    (3) The payment limit for the procedure. For screening mammography 
services furnished in CY 1994, the payment limit is $59.63. On January 1 
of each subsequent year, the payment limit is updated by the percentage 
increase in the Medicare Economic Index (MEI) and reflects the 
relationship between the relative value units for the professional and 
technical components of a diagnostic bilateral mammogram under the fee 
schedule for physicians' services.
    (c) Professional component billing representing only the physician's 
interpretation for the procedure. If the professional component of 
screening mammography services is billed separately, the amount of 
payment for that professional component, subject to the deductible, is 
equal to 80 percent of the least of the following:
    (1) The actual charge for the professional component of the service.
    (2) The amount established for the professional component of a 
diagnostic bilateral mammogram under the fee schedule for physicians' 
services.
    (3) The professional component of the payment limit for screening 
mammography services described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (d) Technical component billing representing other resources 
involved in furnishing the procedure. If the technical component of 
screening mammography services is billed separately, the amount of 
payment, subject to the deductible, is equal to 80 percent of the least 
of the following:
    (1) The actual charge for the technical component of the service.

[[Page 124]]

    (2) The amount established for the technical component of a 
diagnostic bilateral mammogram under the fee schedule for physicians' 
services.
    (3) The technical component of the payment limit for screening 
mammography services described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

[55 FR 53521, Dec. 31, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 49833, Sept. 30, 1994; 
66 FR 55328, Nov. 1, 2001]



Sec. 405.535  Special rule for nonparticipating physicians and suppliers 
furnishing screening mammography services before January 1, 2002.

    The provisions in this section apply for screening mammography 
services provided from January 1, 1991 until December 31, 2001. 
Screening mammography services provided after December 31, 2001 are 
physician services pursuant to Sec. 414.2 of this chapter paid under 
the physician fee schedule. If screening mammography services are 
furnished to a beneficiary by a nonparticipating physician or supplier 
that does not accept assignment, a limiting charge applies to the 
charges billed to the beneficiary. The limiting charge is the lesser of 
the following:
    (a) 115 percent of the payment limit set forth in Sec. 
405.534(b)(3), (c)(3), and (d)(3) (limitations on the global service, 
professional component, and technical component of screening mammography 
services, respectively).
    (b) The limiting charge for the global service, professional 
component, and technical component of a diagnostic bilateral mammogram 
under the fee schedule for physicians' services set forth at Sec. 
414.48(b) of this chapter.

[59 FR 49833, Sept. 30, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 59098, Oct. 31, 1997; 
66 FR 55328, Nov. 1, 2001]

Subpart F [Reserved]



      Subpart G_Reconsiderations and Appeals Under Medicare Part A

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1155, 1869(b), 1871, 1872, and 1879 of the 
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1320c-4, 1395ff(b), 1395hh, 1395ii, 
and 1395pp).

    Source: 37 FR 5814, Mar. 22, 1972, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977.



Sec. 405.701  Basis, purpose and definitions.

    (a) This subpart implements section 1869 of the Social Security Act. 
Section 1869(a) provides that the Secretary will make determinations 
about the following matters, and section 1869(b) provides for a hearing 
for an individual who is dissatisfied with the Secretary's determination 
as to:
    (1) Whether the individual is entitled to hospital insurance (part 
A) or supplementary medical insurance (part B) under title XVIII of the 
Act; or
    (2) The amount payable under hospital insurance.
    (b) This subpart establishes the procedures governing initial 
determinations, reconsidered determinations, hearings, and final agency 
review, and the reopening of determinations and decisions that are 
applicable to matters arising under paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) Subparts J and R of 20 CFR part 404 (dealing with 
determinations, the administrative review process and representation of 
parties) are also applicable to matters arising under paragraph (a) of 
this section, except to the extent that specific provisions are 
contained in this subpart.
    (d) Definitions. As used in subpart G of this part, the term--
    Appellant designates the beneficiary, provider or other person or 
entity that has filed an appeal concerning a particular determination of 
benefits under Medicare part A. Designation as an appellant does not in 
itself convey standing to appeal the determination in question.
    Common issues of law and fact, with respect to the aggregation of 
claims by two or more appellants to meet the minimum amount in 
controversy needed for a hearing, occurs when the claims sought to be 
aggregated are denied or reduced for similar reasons and arise from a 
similar fact pattern material to the reason the claims are denied.
    Delivery of similar or related services, with respect to the 
aggregation of claims by two or more provider appellants to meet the 
minimum amount in

[[Page 125]]

controversy needed for a hearing, means like or coordinated services or 
items provided to the same beneficiary by the appellants.

[55 FR 11020, Mar. 26, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 12181, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.702  Notice of initial determination.

    After a request for payment under part A of title XVIII of the Act 
is filed with the intermediary by or on behalf of the individual who 
received inpatient hospital services, extended care services, or home 
health services, and the intermediary has ascertained whether the items 
and services furnished are covered under part A of title XVIII, and 
where appropriate, ascertained and made payment of amounts due or has 
ascertained that no payments were due, the individual will be notified 
in writing of the initial determination in his case. In addition, if the 
items or services furnished such individual are not covered under part A 
of title XVIII by reason of Sec. 411.15(g) or Sec. 411.15(k) and 
payment may not be made for such items or services under Sec. 411.400 
only because the requirements of Sec. 411.400(a)(2) are not met, the 
provider of services which furnished such items or services will be 
notified in writing of the initial determination in such individual's 
case. These notices shall be mailed to the individual and the provider 
of services at their last known addresses and shall state in detail the 
basis for the determination. Such written notices shall also inform the 
individual and the provider of services of their right to 
reconsideration of the determination if they are dissatisfied with the 
determination.

[55 FR 11020, Mar. 26, 1990]



Sec. 405.704  Actions which are initial determinations.

    (a) Applications and entitlement of individuals. An initial 
determination with respect to an individual includes the following--
    (1) A determination with respect to entitlement to hospital 
insurance or supplementary medical insurance;
    (2) A disallowance of an individual's application for entitlement to 
hospital or supplementary medical insurance, if the individual fails to 
submit evidence requested by SSA to support the application. (SSA will 
specify in the initial determination the conditions of entitlement that 
the applicant failed to establish by not submitting the requested 
evidence);
    (3) A denial of a request for withdrawal of an application for 
hospital or supplementary medical insurance;
    (4) A denial of a request for cancellation of a ``request for 
withdrawal''; and
    (5) A determination as to whether an individual, previously 
determined to be entitled to hospital or supplementary medical 
insurance, is no longer entitled to such benefits, including a 
determination based on nonpayment of premiums.
    (b) Requests for payment by or on behalf of individuals. An initial 
determination with respect to an individual includes any determination 
made on the basis of a request for payment by or on behalf of the 
individual under part A of Medicare, including a determination with 
respect to:
    (1) The coverage of items and services furnished;
    (2) The amount of an applicable deductible;
    (3) The application of the coinsurance feature;
    (4) The number of days of inpatient hospital benefits utilized 
during a spell of illness or for purposes of the inpatient psychiatric 
hospital 190-day lifetime maximum;
    (5) The number of days of the 60-day lifetime reserve utilized for 
inpatient hospital coverage;
    (6) The number of days of posthospital extended care benefits 
utilized;
    (7) The number of home health visits utilized;
    (8) The physician certification requirement;
    (9) The request for payment requirement;
    (10) The beginning and ending of a spell of illness, including a 
determination made under the presumptions established under Sec. 
409.60(c)(2) of this chapter, as specified in Sec. 409.60(c)(4) of this 
chapter.
    (11) The medical necessity of services (See parts 466 and 473 of 
this chapter for provisions pertaining to initial and

[[Page 126]]

reconsidered determinations made by a QIO);
    (12) When services are excluded from coverage as custodial care 
(Sec. 411.15(g)) or as not reasonable and necessary (Sec. 411.15(k)), 
whether the individual or the provider of services who furnished the 
services, or both, knew or could reasonably have been expected to know 
that the services were excluded from coverage (see Sec. 411.402);
    (13) Any other issues having a present or potential effect on the 
amount of benefits to be paid under part A of Medicare, including a 
determination as to whether there has been an overpayment or 
underpayment of benefits paid under part A, and if so, the amount 
thereof; and
    (14) Whether a waiver of adjustment or recovery under sections 1870 
(b) and (c) of the Act is appropriate when an overpayment of hospital 
insurance benefits or supplementary medical insurance benefits 
(including a payment under section 1814(e) of the Act) has been made 
with respect to an individual.
    (c) Initial determination with respect to a provider of services. An 
initial determination with respect to a provider of services shall be a 
determination made on the basis of a request for payment filed by the 
provider under part A of Medicare on behalf of an individual who was 
furnished items or services by the provider, but only if the 
determination involves the following:
    (1) A finding by the intermediary that such items or services are 
not covered by reason of Sec. 411.15(g) or Sec. 411.15(k); and
    (2) A finding by the intermediary that either such individual or 
such provider of services, or both, knew or could reasonably have been 
expected to know that such items or services were excluded from coverage 
under the program.

[55 FR 11020, Mar. 26, 1990]



Sec. 405.705  Actions which are not initial determinations.

    An initial determination under Part A of Medicare does not include 
determinations relating to:
    (a) The reasonable cost of items or services furnished under Part A 
of Medicare;
    (b) Whether an institution or agency meets the conditions for 
participation in the program;
    (c) Whether an individual is qualified for use of the expedited 
appeals process as provided in Sec. 405.718;
    (d) An action regarding compromise of a claim arising under the 
Medicare program, or termination or suspension of collection action on 
such a claim under the Federal Claims Collection Act of 1966 (31 U.S.C. 
3711). See 20 CFR 404.515 for overpayment claims against an individual, 
Sec. 405.376 for overpayment claims against a provider, physician or 
other supplier, and Sec. 408.110 for claims concerning unpaid Medicare 
premiums;
    (e) The transfer or discharge of residents of skilled nursing 
facilities in accordance with Sec. 483.12 of this chapter; or
    (f) The preadmission screening and annual resident review processes 
required by part 483 subparts C and E of this chapter.

[45 FR 73932, Nov. 7, 1980; 46 FR 24565, May 1, 1981, as amended at 52 
FR 22454, June 12, 1987; 52 FR 48123, Dec. 18, 1987; 57 FR 56504, Nov. 
30, 1992; 61 FR 63749, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.706  Decisions of utilization review committees.

    (a) General rule. A decision of a utilization review committee is a 
medical determination by a staff committee of the provider or a group 
similarly composed and does not constitute a determination by the 
Secretary within the meaning of section 1869 of the Act. The decision of 
a utilization review committee may be considered by CMS along with other 
pertinent medical evidence in determining whether or not an individual 
has the right to have payment made under Part A of title XVIII.
    (b) Applicability under the prospective payment system. CMS may 
consider utilization review committee decisions related to inpatient 
hospital services paid for under the prospective payment system (see 
part 412 of this chapter) only as those decisions concern:
    (1) The appropriateness of admissions resulting in payments under 
subparts D, E and G of part 412 of this chapter.
    (2) The covered days of care involved in determinations of outlier 
payments under Sec. 412.80(a)(1)(i) of this chapter; and

[[Page 127]]

    (3) The necessity of professional services furnished in high cost 
outliers under Sec. 412.80(a)(1)(ii) of this chapter.

[48 FR 39831, Sept. 1, 1983]



Sec. 405.708  Effect of initial determination.

    (a) The initial determination under Sec. 405.704 (a) or (b) shall 
be binding upon the individual on whose behalf payment under part A has 
been requested or, if such individual is deceased, upon the 
representative of such individual's estate, unless it is reconsidered in 
accordance with Sec. Sec. 405.710 through 405.717 or revised in 
accordance with Sec. 405.750. Such individual (or the representative of 
such individual's estate if the individual is deceased) shall be the 
party to such initial determination.
    (b) The initial determination under Sec. 405.704(c) shall be 
binding upon the provider of services unless it is reconsidered in 
accordance with Sec. Sec. 405.710 through 405.717 or revised in 
accordance with Sec. 405.750. Such provider of services shall be the 
party to such initial determination.

[55 FR 11021, Mar. 26, 1990, as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.710  Right to reconsideration.

    (a) An individual who is a party to an initial determination, as 
specified in Sec. 405.704 (a) and (b), (or if such individual is 
deceased, the representative of such individual's estate) and who is 
dissatisfied with the initial determination may request a 
reconsideration of such determination in accordance with Sec. 405.711 
regardless of the amount in controversy.
    (b) A provider of services who is a party to an initial 
determination (as specified in Sec. 405.704(c)) and who is dissatisfied 
with such initial determination may request a reconsideration of such 
determination in accordance with Sec. 405.711, regardless of the amount 
in controversy, but only if the individual on whose behalf the request 
for payment was made has indicated in writing that he does not intend to 
request reconsideration of the intermediary's initial determination on 
such request for payment, or if the intermediary has made a finding (see 
Sec. 405.704(c)) that such individual did not know or could not 
reasonably have been expected to know that the expenses incurred for the 
items or services for which such request for payment was made were not 
reimbursable by reason of Sec. 411.15(g) or Sec. 411.15(k).

[55 FR 11021, Mar. 26, 1990]



Sec. 405.711  Time and place of filing request for reconsideration.

    The request for reconsideration shall be made in writing and filed 
at an office of the SSA or the CMS or, in the case of a qualified 
railroad retirement beneficiary (see 20 CFR 404.368) filed at an office 
of the Railroad Retirement Board, within 60 days after the date of 
receipt of notice of initial determination, unless such time is extended 
as provided in Sec. 405.712. A request for reconsideration which is 
filed with the intermediary which received the request for payment 
submitted on behalf of the individual is considered to have been filed 
with the CMS as of the date it is filed with the intermediary. For 
purposes of this section, the date of receipt of notice of the initial 
determination shall be presumed to be 5 days after the date of such 
notice, unless there is a reasonable showing to the contrary.

[41 FR 47917, Nov. 1, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.712  Extension of time to request reconsideration.

    If a party to an initial determination desires to file a request for 
reconsideration after the time for filing such request in accordance 
with Sec. 405.711 has passed, such party may file a petition with the 
SSA or the CMS or, in the case of a qualified railroad retirement 
beneficiary, with the Railroad Retirement Board, for an extension of 
time for the filing of such request. Such petition shall be in writing 
and shall state the reasons why the request for reconsideration was not 
filed within the required time. For good cause shown, the CMS may extend 
the time for filing the request for reconsideration.

[37 FR 5814, Mar. 22, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]

[[Page 128]]



Sec. 405.714  Withdrawal of request for reconsideration.

    A request for reconsideration may be withdrawn by the party to the 
initial determination who filed the request or by his representative 
provided that the withdrawal is made in writing and filed at an office 
of the SSA or the CMS or, in the case of a qualified railroad retirement 
beneficiary, with the Railroad Retirement Board prior to the date of the 
mailing of the notice of reconsidered determination. A withdrawal filed 
with the intermediary which received the request for payment submitted 
on behalf of the individual is considered to have been filed with the 
CMS as of the date it is filed with the intermediary.

[40 FR 1025, Jan. 6, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.715  Reconsidered determination.

    (a) In reconsidering an initial determination, the CMS shall review 
such initial determination, the evidence and findings upon which such 
determination was based, and any additional evidence submitted to the 
SSA or the CMS or otherwise obtained by the intermediary or the CMS; and 
shall make a determination affirming or revising, in whole or in part, 
such initial determination.
    (b) If the request for reconsideration is filed by an individual 
with respect to an initial determination specified in Sec. 
405.704(b)(12), the provider of services who furnished the items or 
services shall, prior to the making of the reconsidered determination, 
be made a party thereto. If pursuant to Sec. 405.710(b) a request for 
reconsideration is filed by a provider of services with respect to an 
individual determination under Sec. 405.704(c), the individual who was 
furnished the items or services shall, prior to the making of the 
reconsidered determination, be made a party thereto.

[55 FR 11021, Mar. 26, 1990, as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.716  Notice of reconsidered determination.

    Written notice of the reconsidered determination shall be mailed by 
the CMS to the parties and their representatives at their last known 
addresses. Such notice shall state the specific reasons for the 
reconsidered determination and shall advise the parties of their right 
to a hearing if the amount in controversy is $100 or more, or, if 
appropriate, advise them of the requirements for use of the expedited 
appeals process (see Sec. 405.718).

[40 FR 53387, Nov. 18, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.717  Effect of a reconsidered determination.

    The reconsidered determination is binding upon all parties unless--
    (a) A request for a hearing is filed with SSA or CMS within 60 days 
after the date of receipt of notice of the reconsidered determination by 
the parties (for purposes of this section, the date of receipt of notice 
of the reconsidered determination is presumed to be 5 days after the 
date of the notice, unless it is shown that the notice was received 
earlier or later); or
    (b) The reconsidered determination is revised in accordance with 
Sec. 405.750; or
    (c) The expedited appeals process is used in accordance with Sec. 
405.718.

[62 FR 25852, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.718  Expedited appeals process.

    (a) Conditions for use of expedited appeals process (EAP). A party 
may use the EAP to request court review in place of an administrative 
law judge (ALJ) hearing or Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) review if 
the following conditions are met:
    (1) CMS has made a reconsideration determination; an ALJ has made a 
hearing decision; or DAB review has been requested, but a final decision 
has not been issued.
    (2) The filing entity is a party referred to in Sec. 405.718(d).
    (3) The party has filed a request for an ALJ hearing in accordance 
with Sec. 405.722, or DAB review in accordance with 20 CFR 404.968.
    (4) The amount remaining in controversy is $1,000 or more.
    (5) If there is more than one party to the reconsideration 
determination or hearing decision, each party concurs, in writing, with 
the request for the EAP.

[[Page 129]]

    (b) Content of the request for EAP. The request for the EAP:
    (1) Alleges that there are no material issues of fact in dispute; 
and
    (2) Asserts that the only factor precluding a decision favorable to 
the party is a statutory provision that is unconstitutional or a 
regulation, national coverage decision under section 1862(a)(1) of the 
Act, or CMS Ruling that is invalid.
    (c) Place and time for requesting an EAP--(1) Place for filing 
request. The person must file a written request--
    (i) At an office of SSA or CMS; or
    (ii) If the person is in the Philippines, at the Veterans 
Administration Regional Office or with an ALJ; or
    (iii) If the person is a qualified railroad retirement beneficiary, 
at an office of the Railroad Retirement Board.
    (2) Time of filing request. The party may file a request for the 
EAP--
    (i) If the party has requested a hearing, at any time prior to 
receipt of the notice of the ALJ's decision;
    (ii) Within 60 days after the date of receipt of notice of the ALJ's 
decision or dismissal, unless the time is extended in accordance with 
the standards set out in 20 CFR 404.925(c). For purposes of this 
section, the date of receipt of the notice is presumed to be 5 days 
after the date on the notice, unless it is shown that the notice was 
received later; or
    (iii) If the party has requested DAB review, at any time prior to 
receipt of notice of the Board's decision.
    (d) Parties to the EAP. The parties to the EAP are the persons who 
were parties to the reconsideration determination and, if appropriate, 
to the hearing.
    (e) Determination on request for EAP. (1) For EAP requests initiated 
at the ALJ level, an ALJ determines whether all conditions of paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section are met.
    (2) If a hearing decision has been issued, the DAB determines 
whether all conditions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section are 
met.
    (f) ALJ or DAB certification for the EAP. If the party meets the 
requirements for the EAP, the ALJ or the DAB, as appropriate, certifies 
the case in writing stating that:
    (1) The facts involved in the claim are not in dispute;
    (2) Except as indicated in paragraph (f)(3) of this section, CMS's 
interpretation of the law is not in dispute;
    (3) The sole issue(s) in dispute is the constitutionality of a 
statutory provision or the validity of a regulation, CMS Ruling, or 
national coverage decision based on section 1862(a)(1) of the Act.
    (4) Except for the provision challenged, the right(s) of the party 
is established; and
    (5) The determination or decision made by the ALJ or DAB is final 
for purposes of seeking judicial review.
    (g) Effect of ALJ or DAB certification. (1) Following the issuance 
of the certification described in paragraph (f) of this section, the 
party waives completion of the remaining steps of the administrative 
appeals process.
    (2) The 60-day period for filing a civil suit in a Federal district 
court begins on the date of receipt of the ALJ or DAB certification.
    (h) Effect of a request for EAP that does not result in 
certification. If a request for the EAP does not meet all the conditions 
for use of the process, the ALJ or DAB so advises the party and treats 
the request as a request for hearing or DAB review, as appropriate.

[62 FR 25852, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.720  Hearing; right to hearing.

    A person has a right to a hearing regarding any initial 
determination made under Sec. 405.704 if:
    (a) Such initial determination has been reconsidered by the CMS;
    (b) Such person was a party to the reconsidered determination;
    (c) Such person or his representative has filed a written request 
for a hearing in accordance with the procedure described in Sec. 
405.722; and
    (d) The amount in controversy is $100 or more.

[40 FR 1025, Jan. 6, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.722  Time and place of filing request for a hearing.

    The request for a hearing shall be made in writing and filed at an 
office of the SSA or the CMS or with a ALJ, or, in the case of a 
qualified railroad retirement beneficiary, at an office of

[[Page 130]]

the Railroad Retirement Board. Such request must be filed within 60 days 
after the date of receipt of notice of the reconsidered determination by 
such individual, except where the time is extended as provided in 20 CFR 
404.933(c). For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of notice 
of the reconsidered determination shall be presumed to be 5 days after 
the date of such notice, unless there is a reasonable showing to the 
contrary.

[45 FR 73933, Nov. 7, 1980, as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.724  Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) review.

    Regulations beginning at 20 CFR 404.967 regarding SSA Appeals 
Council Review are also applicable to DAB review of matters addressed by 
this subpart.

[62 FR 25852, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.730  Court review.

    (a) To the extent authorized by sections 1869, 1876(c)(5)(B), and 
1879(d) of the Act, a party to a Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) 
decision or an ALJ decision if the DAB does not review the ALJ decision, 
may obtain a court review if the amount remaining in controversy is 
$1,000 or more. A party may obtain court review by filing a civil action 
in a district court of the United States in accordance with the 
provisions of section 205(g) of the Act. The filing procedure is set 
forth at 20 CFR 422.210.
    (b) A party to a reconsidered determination or an ALJ hearing 
decision may obtain a court review if the amount in controversy is 
$1,000 or more, and he or she requests and meets the conditions for the 
expedited appeals process set forth in Sec. 405.718.

[62 FR 25852, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.732  Review of a national coverage determination (NCD).

    (a) General rule. (1) An NCD is a determination by the Secretary for 
whether or not a particular item or service is covered nationally under 
title XVIII of the Act.
    (2) An NCD does not include a determination of what code, if any, is 
assigned to a particular item or service covered under title XVIII or a 
determination for the amount of payment made for a particular item or 
service.
    (3) NCDs are made under section 1862(a)(1) of the Act or other 
applicable provisions of the Act.
    (4) An NCD is binding on all Medicare carriers, fiscal 
intermediaries, QIOs, HMOs, CMPs, HCPPs, the Medicare Appeals Council, 
and ALJs.
    (b) Review by ALJ. (1) An ALJ may not disregard, set aside, or 
otherwise review an NCD.
    (2) An ALJ may review the facts of a particular case to determine 
whether an NCD applies to a specific claim for benefits and, if so, 
whether the NCD has been applied correctly to the claim.
    (c) Review by Court. For initial determinations and NCD challenges 
under section 1862(a)(1) of the Act, arising before October 1, 2002, a 
court's review of an NCD is limited to whether the record is incomplete 
or otherwise lacks adequate information to support the validity of the 
decision, unless the case has been remanded to the Secretary to 
supplement the record regarding the NCD. In these cases, the court may 
not invalidate an NCD except upon review of the supplemental record.

[68 FR 63715, Nov. 7, 2003]



Sec. 405.740  Principles for determining the amount in controversy.

    (a) Individual appellants. For the purpose of determining whether an 
individual appellant meets the minimum amount in controversy needed for 
a hearing ($100), the following rules apply:
    (1) The amount in controversy is computed as the actual amount 
charged the individual for the items and services in question, less any 
amount for which payment has been made by the intermediary and less any 
deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the particular case.
    (2) A single beneficiary may aggregate claims from two or more 
providers to meet the $100 hearing threshold and a single provider may 
aggregate claims for services provided to one or more beneficiaries to 
meet the $100 hearing threshold.

[[Page 131]]

    (3) In either of the circumstances specified in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, two or more claims may be aggregated by an individual 
appellant only if the claims have previously been reconsidered and a 
request for hearing has been made within 60 days after receipt of the 
reconsideration determination(s).
    (4) When requesting a hearing, the appellant must specify in his or 
her appeal request the specific claims to be aggregated.
    (b) Two or more appellants. As specified below, under section 
1869(b)(2) of the Act, two or more appellants may aggregate their claims 
together to meet the minimum amount in controversy needed for a hearing 
($100). The right to aggregate under this statutory provision applies to 
claims for items and services furnished on or after January 1, 1987.
    (1) The aggregate amount in controversy is computed as the actual 
amount charged the individual(s) for the items and services in question, 
less any amount for which payment has been made by the intermediary and 
less any deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the particular 
case.
    (2) In determining the amount in controversy, two or more appellants 
may aggregate their claims together under the following circumstances:
    (i) Two or more beneficiaries may combine claims representing 
services from the same or different provider(s) if the claims involve 
common issues of law and fact;
    (ii) Two or more providers may combine their claims if the claims 
involve the delivery of similar or related services to the same 
beneficiary; or
    (iii) Two or more providers may combine their claims if the claims 
involve common issues of law and fact with respect to services furnished 
to two or more beneficiaries.
    (iv) In any of the circumstances specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) 
through (b)(2)(iii) of this section, the claims may be aggregated only 
if the claims have previously been reconsidered and a request for 
hearing has been made within 60 days after receipt of the 
reconsideration determination(s). Moreover, in the request for hearing, 
the appellants must specify the claims that they seek to aggregate.
    (c) The determination as to whether the amount in controversy is 
$100 or more is made by the administrative law judge (ALJ).
    (d) In determining the amount in controversy under paragraph (b) of 
this section, the ALJ also makes the determination as to what 
constitutes ``similar or related services'' or ``common issues of law 
and fact.''
    (e) When a civil action is filed by either an individual appellant 
or two or more appellants, the Secretary may assert that the aggregation 
principles contained in this subpart may be applied to determine the 
amount in controversy for judicial review ($1000).
    (f) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (a)(1) and (b)(1) 
of this section, when payment is made for certain excluded services 
under Sec. 411.400 of this chapter or the liability of the beneficiary 
for those services is limited under Sec. 411.402 of this chapter, the 
amount in controversy is computed as the amount that would have been 
charged the beneficiary for the items or services in question, less any 
deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the particular case, 
had such expenses not been paid pursuant to Sec. 411.400 of this 
chapter or had such liability not been limited pursuant to Sec. 411.402 
of this chapter.
    (g) Under this subpart, an appellant may not combine part A and part 
B claims together to meet the requisite amount in controversy for a 
hearing. HMO, CMP and HCPP appellants under part 417 of this chapter may 
combine part A and part B claims together to meet the requisite amounts 
in controversy for a hearing.

[59 FR 12181, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.745  Amount in controversy ascertained after reconsideration.

    For the purpose of determining whether a party to a reconsidered 
determination is entitled to a hearing, the amount in controversey after 
the reconsideration action rather than the amount in controversy 
initially at issue shall be controlling.

[40 FR 1026, Jan. 6, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]

[[Page 132]]



Sec. 405.747  Dismissal of request for hearing; amount in controversy less 
than $100.

    The ALJ shall, without holding a hearing, dismiss the request for 
hearing if the request for hearing plainly shows that less than $100 is 
in controversy. If a hearing is held and the ALJ finds that the amount 
in controversy is less than $100, the ALJ shall dismiss the request for 
hearing and will not rule on the substantive issues involved in the 
appeal.

[37 FR 5814, Mar. 23, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.750  Time period for reopening initial, revised, or reconsidered 

determinations and decisions or revised decisions of an ALJ or the 

Departmental Appeals Board (DAB); binding effect of determination and 

decisions.

    (a) Reopenings concerning applications and entitlement. A 
determination, or decision, or revised determination or decision made by 
the SSA concerning any matter under Sec. 405.704(a), may be reopened 
and revised under 20 CFR 404.988 (Conditions for reopening).
    (b) Reopenings concerning a request for payment. An initial, 
revised, or reconsidered determination of CMS, or a decision or revised 
decision of an ALJ or of the DAB, with respect to an individual's right 
concerning a request for payment under Medicare Part A, which is 
otherwise binding under 20 CFR 404.955 or 404.981 and Sec. Sec. 405.708 
or 405.717 of this subpart may be reopened:
    (1) Within 12 months from the date of the notice of the initial or 
reconsidered determination to the party to such determination;
    (2) After such 12-month period, but within 4 years after the date of 
the notice of the initial determination to the individual, upon 
establishment of good cause for reopening such determination or decision 
(see 20 CFR 404.988(b) and 404.989); or
    (3) At any time, when:
    (i) Such initial, revised, or reconsidered determination or such 
decision or revised decision is unfavorable, in whole or in part, to the 
party thereto, but only for the purpose of correcting clerical error or 
error on the face of the evidence on which such determination or 
decision was based; or
    (ii) Such initial, revised, or reconsidered determination or such 
decision or revised decision was procured by fraud or similar fault of 
the beneficiary or some other person.

[45 FR 73933, Nov. 7, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 32348, June 24, 1996; 62 
FR 25853, 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.753  Appeal of a categorization of a device.

    (a) CMS's acceptance of the FDA categorization of a device as an 
experimental/investigational (Category A) device under Sec. 405.203 is 
a national coverage decision under section 1862(a)(1) of the Act.
    (b) CMS's acceptance of the FDA categorization of a device as an 
experimental/investigational (Category A) device under Sec. 405.203 is 
an aspect of an initial determination that, under section 1862 of the 
Act, payment may not be made.
    (c) In accordance with section 1869(b)(3)(A) of the Act, CMS's 
acceptance of the FDA categorization of a device as an experimental/
investigational (Category A) device under Sec. 405.203 may not be 
reviewed by an administrative law judge.

[60 FR 48424, Sept. 19, 1995]



           Subpart H_Appeals Under the Medicare Part B Program

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1842(b)(3)(C), 1869(b), and 1871 of the 
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395u(b)(3)(C), 1395ff(b), and 
1395hh).

    Source: 32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977.



Sec. 405.801  Part B appeals--general description.

    (a) The Medicare carrier makes an initial determination when a 
request for payment for Part B benefits is submitted. If an individual 
beneficiary is dissatisfied with the initial determination, he or she 
may request, and the carrier will perform, a review of the claim. 
Following the carrier's review determination, the beneficiary may obtain 
a carrier hearing if the amount remaining in controversy is at least 
$100.

[[Page 133]]

The beneficiary is also entitled to a carrier hearing without the 
benefit of a review determination when the initial request for payment 
is not being acted upon with reasonable promptness (as defined in Sec. 
405.802). Following the carrier hearing, the beneficiary may obtain a 
hearing before an ALJ if the amount remaining in controversy is at least 
$500. If the beneficiary is dissatisfied with the decision of the ALJ, 
he or she may request the Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) to review the 
case. Following the action of the DAB, the beneficiary may file suit in 
Federal district court if the amount remaining in controversy is at 
least $1,000.
    (b) The rights of a beneficiary under paragraph (a) of this section 
to appeal the carrier's initial determination are granted also to--
    (1) A physician or supplier that furnishes services to a beneficiary 
and that accepts an assignment from the beneficiary, or
    (2) A physician who meets the conditions of section 1842(l)(1)(A) of 
the Act pertaining to refund requirements for nonparticipating 
physicians who have not taken assignment on the claim(s) at issue.
    (c) Procedures governing the determinations by SSA as to whether an 
individual has met basic Part B entitlement requirements are covered in 
subpart G of this part and 20 CFR part 404, subpart J. Subparts J and R 
of 20 CFR part 404 are also applicable to ALJ, DAB, and judicial review 
conducted under subpart H, except to the extent that specific provisions 
are contained in this subpart.

[62 FR 25853, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.802  Definitions.

    As used in subpart H of this part, the term--
    After receipt of the notice means 5 days after the date on the 
notice, unless it is shown that the notice was received earlier or 
later.
    Appellant designates the beneficiary, assignee or other person or 
entity that has filed an appeal concerning a particular determination of 
benefits under Medicare part B. Designation as an appellant does not in 
itself convey standing to appeal the determination in question.
    Assignee means a physician or supplier who furnishes services to a 
beneficiary under Medicare part B and who has accepted a valid 
assignment executed by the beneficiary.
    Assignment means the transfer by the assignor of his or her claim 
for payment to the assignee in return for the latter's promise not to 
charge more for his or her services than the carrier finds to be the 
reasonable charge or other approved amount.
    Assignor means a beneficiary under Medicare part B whose physician 
or supplier has taken assignment of a claim.
    Carrier means an organization which has entered into a contract with 
the Secretary pursuant to section 1842 of the Act and which is 
authorized to make determinations with respect to part B of title XVIII 
of the Act. For purposes of this subpart, the term carrier also refers 
to an intermediary that has entered into a contract with the Secretary 
under section 1816 of the Act and is authorized to make determinations 
with respect to part B provider services, as specified in Sec. 421.5(c) 
of this chapter.
    Common issues of law and fact, with respect to the aggregation of 
claims by two or more appellants to meet the minimum amount in 
controversy needed for an ALJ hearing, occurs when the claims sought to 
be aggregated are denied or reduced for similar reasons and arise from a 
similar fact pattern material to the reason the claims are denied.
    Delivery of similar or related services, with respect to the 
aggregation of claims by two or more physician/supplier appellants to 
meet the minimum amount in controversy needed for an ALJ hearing, means 
like or coordinated services or items provided to the same beneficiary 
by the appellants.
    Representative means an individual meeting the conditions described 
in Sec. Sec. 405.870 through 405.871.
    With reasonable promptness means within a period of 60 consecutive 
days after the receipt by the carrier of a request for payment.

[59 FR 12182, Mar. 16, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 25853, May 12, 1997]

[[Page 134]]



Sec. 405.803  Initial determination.

    (a) Carriers make initial determinations regarding claims for 
benefits under Medicare Part B.
    (b) An initial determination for purposes of this subpart includes 
determinations such as the following:
    (1) Whether services furnished are covered.
    (2) Whether the deductible has been met.
    (3) Whether the receipted bill or other evidence of payment is 
acceptable.
    (4) Whether the charges for services furnished are reasonable.
    (5) If the services furnished to a beneficiary by a physician or a 
supplier pursuant to an assignment under Sec. 424.55 of this chapter 
are not covered because they are determined to be not reasonable and 
necessary under Sec. 411.15(k) of this chapter, whether the 
beneficiary, physician or supplier, or a physician who meets the 
requirements of Sec. 411.408, knew or could reasonably have been 
expected to know at the time the services were furnished that the 
services were not covered.
    (c) The following are not initial determinations for purposes of 
this subpart:
    (1) Any issue or factor for which SSA or CMS has sole 
responsibility, for example, whether an independent laboratory meets the 
conditions for coverage of services; whether a Medicare overpayment 
claim should be compromised, or collection action terminated or 
suspended.
    (2) Any issue or factor which relates to hospital insurance benefits 
under Medicare Part A.

[62 FR 25853, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.804  Notice of initial determination.

    After a carrier has made an initial determination on a request for 
payment written notice of this determination shall be mailed to each 
party to the determination at his last known address. The notice of the 
determination shall inform each party to the determination of his right 
to have such determination reviewed.



Sec. 405.805  Parties to the initial determination.

    The parties to the initial determination (see Sec. 405.803) may be 
any party described in Sec. 405.802.

[64 FR 52670, Sept. 30, 1999]



Sec. 405.806  Effect of Initial Determination.

    The initial determination is binding upon all parties to the claim 
for benefits unless the determination is--
    (a) Reviewed in accordance with Sec. Sec. 405.810 through 405.812; 
or
    (b) Revised as a result of a reopening in accordance with Sec. 
405.841.

[62 FR 25853, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.807  Request for review of initial determination.

    (a) General. A party to an initial determination by a carrier, that 
is dissatisfied with the initial determination and wants to appeal the 
matter, may request that the carrier review the determination. The 
request for review by the party to an initial determination must clearly 
indicate that he or she is dissatisfied with the initial determination 
and wants to appeal the matter. The request for review does not 
constitute a waiver of the party's right to a hearing (under Sec. 
405.815) after the review.
    (b) Place and method of filing a request. A request by a party for a 
carrier to review the initial determination may be made in one of the 
following ways:
    (1) In writing and filed at an office of the carrier, SSA, or CMS.
    (2) By telephone to the telephone number designated by the carrier 
as the appropriate number for the receipt of requests for review.
    (c) Time of filing request. (1) The carrier must provide a period of 
6 months after the date of the notice of the initial determination 
within which the party to the initial determination may request a 
review.
    (2) The carrier may, upon request by the party, extend the period 
for requesting the review of the initial determination.

[64 FR 52670, Sept. 30, 1999]

[[Page 135]]



Sec. 405.808  Parties to the review.

    The parties to the review (as provided for in Sec. 405.807(a)) 
shall be the persons who were parties to the carrier's initial 
determination as described in Sec. 405.805, and any other party whose 
rights with respect to the particular claim being reviewed may be 
affected by such review.

[39 FR 12097, Apr. 3, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]



Sec. 405.809  Opportunity to submit evidence.

    The parties to the review (as provided for in Sec. 405.807(a)) 
shall have a reasonable opportunity to submit written evidence and 
contentions as to fact or law relative to the claim at issue.

[39 FR 12097, Apr. 3, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]



Sec. 405.810  Review determination.

    Subject to the provisions of Sec. Sec. 405.807 through 405.809, the 
carrier shall review the claim in dispute and, upon the basis of the 
evidence of record, shall make a separate determination affirming or 
revising in whole or in part the findings and determination in question.

[39 FR 12097, Apr. 3, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]



Sec. 405.811  Notice of review determination.

    Written notice of the review determination is mailed to a party at 
his or her last known address. The review determination states the basis 
of the determination and advises the party of his or her right to a 
carrier hearing when the amount in controversy is $100 or more as 
determined in accordance with Sec. 405.817. The notice states the place 
and manner of requesting a carrier hearing as well as the time limit 
under which a hearing must be requested (see Sec. 405.821).

[59 FR 12182, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.812  Effect of review determination.

    The review determination is binding upon all parties to the review 
unless a carrier hearing decision is issued pursuant to a request for 
hearing made in accordance with Sec. 405.821 or is revised as a result 
of reopening in accordance with Sec. 405.841.

[59 FR 12182, Mar. 16, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.815  Amount in controversy for carrier hearing, ALJ hearing and judicial review.

    Any party designated in Sec. 405.822 is entitled to a carrier 
hearing after a review determination has been made by the carrier if the 
amount remaining in controversy is $100 or more and the party meets the 
requirements of Sec. 405.821 of this subpart. To be entitled to a 
hearing before an ALJ following the carrier hearing, the amount 
remaining in controversy must be $500 or more, and for judicial review 
following the ALJ hearing and Departmental Appeals Board Review, the 
amount remaining in controversy must be $1000 or more.

[59 FR 12182, Mar. 16, 1994, as amended at 61 FR 32348, June 24, 1996]



Sec. 405.817  Principles for determining amount in controversy.

    (a) Individual appellants. For the purpose of determining whether an 
individual appellant meets the minimum amount in controversy needed for 
a carrier hearing ($100) or ALJ hearing ($500), the following rules 
apply:
    (1) The amount in controversy is computed as the actual amount 
charged the individual for the items and services in question, less any 
amount for which payment has been made by the carrier and less any 
deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the particular case.
    (2) A single beneficiary may aggregate claims from two or more 
physicians/suppliers to meet the $100 or $500 thresholds. A single 
physician/supplier may aggregate claims from two or more beneficiaries 
to meet the $100 or $500 threshold levels of appeal.
    (3) In either of the circumstances specified in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, two or more claims may be aggregated by an individual 
appellant to meet the amount in controversy for a carrier hearing only 
if the claims have previously been reviewed and a request for hearing 
has been made within six months after the date of the review 
determination(s).

[[Page 136]]

    (4) In either of the circumstances specified in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, two or more claims may be aggregated by an individual 
appellant to meet the amount in controversy for an ALJ hearing only if 
the claims have previously been decided by a carrier hearing officer and 
a request for an ALJ hearing has been made within 60 days after receipt 
of the carrier hearing officer decision(s).
    (5) When requesting a carrier hearing or an ALJ hearing, the 
appellant must specify in his or her appeal request the specific claims 
to be aggregated.
    (b) Two or more appellants. As specified in this paragraph, under 
section 1869(b)(2) of the Act, two or more appellants may aggregate 
their claims together to meet the minimum amount in controversy needed 
for an ALJ hearing ($500). The right to aggregate under this statutory 
provision applies to claims for items and services furnished on or after 
January 1, 1987.
    (1) The aggregate amount in controversy is computed as the actual 
amount charged the individual(s) for the items and services in question, 
less any amount for which payment has been made by the carrier and less 
any deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the particular 
case.
    (2) In determining the amount in controversy, two or more appellants 
may aggregate their claims together under the following circumstances:
    (i) Two or more beneficiaries may combine claims representing 
services from the same or different physician(s) or supplier(s) if the 
claims involve common issues of law and fact;
    (ii) Two or more physicians/suppliers may combine their claims if 
the claims involve the delivery of similar or related services to the 
same beneficiary;
    (iii) Two or more physicians/suppliers may combine their claims if 
the claims involve common issues of law and fact with respect to 
services furnished to two or more beneficiaries.
    (iv) In any of the circumstances specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) 
through (b)(2)(iii) of this section, the claims may be aggregated only 
if the claims have previously been decided by a carrier hearing 
officer(s) and a request for ALJ hearing has been made within 60 days 
after receipt of the carrier hearing officer decision(s). Moreover, in a 
request for ALJ hearing, the appellants must specify the claims that 
they seek to aggregate.
    (c) The determination as to whether the amount in controversy is 
$100 or more is made by the carrier hearing officer. The determination 
as to whether the amount in controversy is $500 or more is made by the 
ALJ.
    (d) In determining the amount in controversy under paragraph (b) of 
this section, the ALJ will also make the determination as to what 
constitutes ``similar or related services'' or ``common issues of law 
and fact.''
    (e) When a civil action is filed by either an individual appellant 
or two or more appellants, the Secretary may assert that the aggregation 
principles contained in this subpart may be applied to determine the 
amount in controversy for judicial review ($1000).
    (f) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (a)(1) and (b)(1) 
of this section, when payment is made for certain excluded services 
under Sec. 411.400 of this chapter or the liability of the beneficiary 
for those services is limited under Sec. 411.402 of this chapter, the 
amount in controversy is computed as the amount that would have been 
charged the beneficiary for the items or services in question, less any 
deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the particular case, 
had such expenses not been paid under Sec. 411.400 of this chapter or 
had such liability not been limited under Sec. 411.402 of this chapter.
    (g) Under this subpart, an appellant may not combine part A and part 
B claims together to meet the requisite amount in controversy for a 
carrier hearing or ALJ hearing. HMO, CMP and HCPP appellants under part 
417 of this chapter may combine part A and part B claims together to 
meet the requisite amount in controversy for a hearing.

[59 FR 12182, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.821  Request for carrier hearing.

    (a) A request for a carrier hearing is any clear expression in 
writing by a claimant asking for a hearing to adjudicate a claim when 
not acted upon with reasonable promptness or by a party to a review 
determination who

[[Page 137]]

states, in effect, that he or she is dissatisfied with the carrier's 
review determination and wants further opportunity to appeal the matter 
to the carrier.
    (b) The hearing request must be filed at an office of the carrier or 
at an office of SSA or CMS.
    (c) Except when a carrier hearing is held because the carrier did 
not act upon a claim with reasonable promptness, a party to the review 
determination may request a carrier hearing within six months after the 
date of the notice of the review determination. The carrier may, upon 
request by the party affected, extend the period for filing the request 
for hearing.

[59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.822  Parties to a carrier hearing.

    The parties to a hearing shall be the persons who were parties to 
the carrier's review determination (Sec. 405.808) which is in question. 
Any other person may be made a party if that person's rights with 
respect to supplementary medical insurance benefits may be prejudiced by 
the decision.

[39 FR 12097, Apr. 3, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.823  Carrier hearing officer.

    Any hearing provided for in this subpart shall be conducted by a 
hearing officer designated by the appropriate official of the carrier.

[39 FR 12097, Apr. 3, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
and amended at 59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.824  Disqualification of carrier hearing officer.

    A hearing officer shall not conduct a hearing in any case in which 
he is prejudiced or partial with respect to any party, or if he has any 
interest in the matter before him. Notice of any objection with respect 
to the hearing officer who will conduct the hearing shall be made by the 
objecting party at his earliest opportunity. The hearing officer shall 
consider such objection and shall, at his discretion, withdraw. If the 
hearing officer withdraws, the appropriate official of the carrier shall 
designate another hearing officer to conduct the hearing. If the hearing 
officer does not withdraw, the objecting party may present his 
objections to the carrier for consideration at any time prior to the 
issuance of a decision. The carrier shall review the request and take 
appropriate action. The fact that a hearing officer is an employee of 
the carrier may not serve as prima facie cause for disqualification.

[32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.825  Location of carrier hearing.

    (a) Time and place. The hearing officer shall fix a time and place 
for the hearing reasonably convenient to the requesting party and not 
inconsistent with the public interest.
    (b) Adjournment or postponement. The hearing officer may, for a good 
and sufficient reason, fix a new time and/or place for the hearing; he 
may change the time and place for the hearing or adjourn the hearing on 
his own motion upon reasonable notification to the parties.

[32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.826  Notice of carrier hearing.

    The notice of hearing is to include notice of the time and place of 
the hearing; information as to the specific issues to be determined; and 
the matters on which findings will be made and conclusions will be 
reached. The notice is to contain sufficient information about the 
hearing procedure (including the party's right to representation) for 
effective preparation for the hearing.

[32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.830  Conduct of the carrier hearing.

    (a) General. Hearings shall be open to the parties and to such other 
persons as the hearing officer deems necessary and proper for the 
orderly and efficient conduct of the hearing. The hearing officer shall 
inquire fully into the matters at issue and shall receive in evidence 
the testimony of witnesses and

[[Page 138]]

any documents which are relevant and material to such matters. The 
parties shall be provided an opportunity to enter any objection to the 
inclusion of any document. The order in which evidence and allegations 
shall be presented and the procedure at the hearing, except as this 
subpart otherwise expressly provides, shall be at the discretion of the 
hearing officer and of such nature as to afford the parties a proper 
hearing.
    (b) Evidence. Evidence may be received at the hearing even though 
inadmissible under rules of evidence applicable to court procedures.
    (c) Witnesses. The hearing officer may examine the witnesses and 
shall allow the parties or their representatives to do so. If the 
hearing officer conducts the examination of a witness, he may allow the 
parties to suggest matters upon which they desire the witness to be 
questioned, and the hearing officer shall question the witness with 
respect to such matters if they are relevant and material to any issue 
pending for decision before him.
    (d) Oral argument and written allegations. The parties, upon their 
request shall be allowed a reasonable time for the presentation of oral 
argument or for the filing of briefs or other written statements or 
allegations of facts or law.
    (e) Consolidated issues. When one or more new issues are raised at 
any time after a request for hearing has been made, but before the 
mailing of notice of the decision, the hearing officer may, at his 
discretion, consider the issues along with the other issues pending 
before him on the same request for hearing.

[32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994]



Sec. 405.831  Waiver of right to appear at carrier hearing and present 
evidence.

    If all parties waive their right to appear before the hearing 
officer and present evidence and contentions personally or by 
representative, it shall not be necessary for the hearing officer to 
give notice of or conduct a formal hearing as provided in Sec. Sec. 
405.825 through 405.830. A waiver of the right to appear is to be in 
writing and filed with the hearing officer or the carrier. Such waiver 
may be withdrawn by a party at any time prior to the mailing of notice 
of the decision in the case. Even though all of the parties have filed a 
waiver of the right to appear and present evidence and contentions at a 
hearing before the hearing officer, the hearing officer may, 
nevertheless, give notice of a time and place and conduct a hearing as 
provided in Sec. Sec. 405.825 through 405.830, if he believes that the 
personal appearance and testimony of the party or parties would assist 
him to ascertain the facts at issue in the case. For purposes of this 
section, failure of the parties to appear shall not be cause for a 
finding of abandonment and the hearing officer shall make his decision 
on the basis of all evidence adduced.

[32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.832  Dismissal of request for carrier hearing.

    (a) By application of party. With the approval of the hearing 
officer, a request for a hearing may be withdrawn or dismissed at any 
time prior to the mailing of notice of the decision upon the application 
of the party or parties filing the request for such hearing. A party may 
request a dismissal by filing a written notice of such request with the 
carrier, the hearing officer or orally stating such request at the 
hearing. The dismissal of a request for hearing shall be binding unless 
vacated (see paragraph (d) of this section).
    (b) Dismissal by abandonment of party. A hearing officer may dismiss 
a request for hearing upon abandonment by the party or parties who filed 
the request. A party shall be deemed to have abandoned a request for 
hearing, other than where personal appearance is waived in accordance 
with Sec. 405.831, if neither the party nor his representative appears 
at the time and place fixed for the hearing and within 10 days after the 
mailing of a notice to him by the hearing officer to show cause, such 
party does not show good and sufficient cause for such failure to appear 
and failure to notify the hearing officer prior to the time

[[Page 139]]

fixed for hearing that he cannot appear.
    (c) Dismissal for cause. The hearing officer may, on his own motion, 
dismiss a hearing request, either entirely or as to any stated issue, 
under either of the following circumstances:
    (1) Where the party requesting a hearing is not a proper party under 
Sec. 405.822 or does not otherwise have a right to a hearing under 
section 1842(b)(3)(C) of the Act; or
    (2) Where the party who filed the hearing request dies and there is 
no information before the hearing officer showing that an individual who 
is not a party may be prejudiced by the carrier's determination.
    (d) Dismissal without prejudice. The hearing officer may on his own 
motion dismiss without prejudice a hearing request where the amount in 
controversy is less than $100.
    (e) Vacation of dismissal. A hearing officer may, on request of a 
party and for good and sufficient cause shown, vacate any dismissal of a 
request for hearing at any time within 6 months from the date of mailing 
notice of the dismissal to the party requesting the hearing at his last 
known address.

[32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967, as amended at 39 FR 12098, Apr. 3, 1974. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, as amended at 59 FR 12183, 
Mar. 16, 1994; 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.833  Record of carrier hearing.

    A complete record of the proceedings at the carrier hearing is made. 
The testimony is transcribed and copies of other documentary evidence 
are reproduced in any case when directed by the hearing officer, the 
carrier, or CMS. The record will also be transcribed and reproduced at 
the request of any party to the hearing provided the requesting party 
bears the cost.

[62 FR 25853, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.834  Carrier hearing officer's decision.

    (a) As soon as practicable after the close of a carrier hearing, the 
carrier hearing officer issues a decision in the case based upon the 
evidence presented at the hearing or otherwise included in the hearing 
record. The decision is issued as a written notice to the parties and 
contains--
    (1) Findings of fact,
    (2) A statement of reasons, and
    (3) Notification to the parties of their right to an ALJ hearing 
when the amount remaining in controversy is at least $500.
    (b) A copy of the decision is mailed to the parties to the hearing 
at their last known addresses.

[62 FR 25854, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.835  Effect of carrier hearing officer's decision.

    The carrier hearing officer's decision is binding upon all parties 
to the hearing unless--
    (a) A request for an ALJ hearing is filed in accordance with Sec. 
405.855, or
    (b) The decision is revised in accordance with Sec. 405.841.

[62 FR 25854, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.836  Authority of the carrier hearing officer.

    The carrier hearing officer, in adjudicating Medicare Part B claims, 
complies with all of the provisions of, and regulations issued under, 
title XVIII of the Act, as well as with CMS Rulings, national coverage 
decisions, and other policy statements, instructions, and guides issued 
by CMS.

[62 FR 25854, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.841  Reopening initial or review determination of the carrier, and 
decision of a carrier hearing officer.

    An initial or review determination of a carrier or a decision of a 
hearing officer may be reopened by such carrier or hearing officer:
    (a) Within 12 months from the date of the notice of such initial or 
review determination or decision to the party to such determination or 
decision; or
    (b) After such 12-month period, but within 4 years from the date of 
the notice of the initial determination to the party to such 
determination, upon establishment of good cause for reopening such 
determination or decision (see 20 CFR 404.988(b) and 404.989); or
    (c) At any time, when:
    (1) Such initial or review determination or decision was procured by 
fraud or similar fault of the beneficiary or some other person, or

[[Page 140]]

    (2) Such initial or review determination or decision is unfavorable, 
in whole or in part, to the party thereto, but only for the purpose of 
correcting a clerical error or error on the face of the evidence on 
which such determination or decision was based.

[39 FR 12098, Apr. 3, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 59 FR 12183, Mar. 16, 1994; 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.842  Notice of reopening and revision.

    (a) Notice. When any determination or decision is reopened as 
provided in Sec. 405.841, notice of such reopening shall be mailed to 
the parties to such determination or decision at their last known 
addresses. A notice of revision following a reopening of a decision, 
shall be mailed to the parties and shall state the basis for the revised 
determination or decision.
    (b) Effect of revised determination. The revision of a determination 
(see Sec. 405.841) shall be binding upon all parties thereto unless a 
party files a written request for a hearing with respect to a revised 
determination when the amount in controversy is $100 or more.

[32 FR 18028, Dec. 16, 1967, as amended at 39 FR 12098, Apr. 3, 1974. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977; 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.850  Change of ruling or legal precedent.

    Change of a legal interpretation or administrative ruling upon which 
a determination or decision was made shall not be considered as good and 
sufficient reason for reopening the determination or decision.



Sec. 405.853  Expedited appeals process.

    (a) Conditions for use of expedited appeals process (EAP). A party 
may use the EAP set forth in Sec. 405.718 of this chapter to request 
court review in place of the ALJ hearing or Departmental Appeals Board 
(DAB) review if the following conditions are met:
    (1) The carrier hearing officer has made a decision; an ALJ has made 
a hearing decision; or DAB review has been requested, but a final 
decision has not been issued.
    (2) The filing entity is a party referred to in Sec. 405.718(d) of 
this chapter.
    (3) The party has filed a request for an ALJ hearing in accordance 
with Sec. 405.855, or DAB review in accordance with 20 CFR 404.968.
    (4) The amount remaining in controversy is $1,000 or more.
    (5) If there is more than one party to the hearing decision, each 
party concurs, in writing, with the request for an EAP.
    (b) Content of the request for EAP. The request for an EAP:
    (1) Alleges that there are no material issues of fact in dispute; 
and
    (2) Asserts that the only factor precluding a decision favorable to 
the party is a statutory provision that is unconstitutional or a 
regulation, national coverage decision under section 1862(a)(1) of the 
Act, or CMS Ruling that is invalid.

[62 FR 25854, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.855  ALJ hearing.

    (a) Right to hearing. A party to the carrier hearing has a right to 
a hearing before an ALJ if--
    (1) The party files a written request for an ALJ hearing within 60 
days after receipt of the notice of the carrier hearing decision; and
    (2) The amount remaining in controversy is $500 or more.
    (b) Place of filing hearing request. The request for an ALJ hearing 
must be made in writing and filed with the carrier that issued the 
decision, a Social Security office, or, in the case of a qualified 
railroad retirement beneficiary, an office of the Railroad Retirement 
Board.
    (c) Effect of ALJ hearing decision. (1) An ALJ's decision is binding 
on all parties to the hearing unless--
    (i) The DAB reviews the ALJ decision;
    (ii) The DAB does not review the ALJ decision, and the party 
requests judicial review;
    (iii) The decision is revised by the DAB or an ALJ in accordance 
with the provisions of Sec. 405.750 of this chapter; or
    (iv) The expedited appeals process is used.

[62 FR 25854, May 12, 1997]

[[Page 141]]



Sec. 405.856  Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) review.

    Regulations beginning at 20 CFR 404.967 regarding SSA Appeals 
Council Review are applicable to DAB review of matters addressed by this 
subpart.

[62 FR 25854, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.857  Court review.

    (a) General rule. To the extent authorized by sections 1869, 
1876(c)(5)(B), and 1879(d) of the Act, a party to a DAB decision, or an 
ALJ decision if the DAB does not review the ALJ's decision, may obtain a 
court review if the amount remaining in controversy is $1,000 or more. A 
party may obtain court review by filing a civil action in a district 
court of the United States in accordance with the provisions of section 
205(g) of the Act. The filing procedure is set forth in 20 CFR 422.210.
    (b) Prohibition against court review of certain Part B regulations 
or instructions. Under section 1869(b)(4) of the Act, a court may not 
review a regulation or instruction that relates to a method of payment 
under Part B if the regulation was promulgated, or the instruction 
issued, before January 1, 1981.

[62 FR 25854, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.860  Review of a national coverage determination (NCD).

    (a) General rule. (1) An NCD is a determination by the Secretary for 
whether or not a particular item or service is covered nationally under 
title XVIII of the Act.
    (2) An NCD does not include a determination of what code, if any, is 
assigned to a particular item or service covered under title XVIII or a 
determination for the amount of payment made for a particular item or 
service.
    (3) NCDs are made under section 1862(a)(1) of the Act or other 
applicable provisions of the Act.
    (4) An NCD is binding on all Medicare carriers, fiscal 
intermediaries, QIOs, HMOs, CMPs, HCPPs, the Medicare Appeals Council, 
and ALJs.
    (b) Review by ALJ. (1) An ALJ may not disregard, set aside, or 
otherwise review an NCD.
    (2) An ALJ may review the facts of a particular case to determine 
whether an NCD applies to a specific claim for benefits and, if so, 
whether the NCD is applied correctly to the claim.
    (c) Review by Court. For initial determinations and NCD challenges 
under section 1862(a)(1) of the Act, arising before October 1, 2002, a 
court's review of an NCD is limited to whether the record is incomplete 
or otherwise lacks adequate information to support the validity of the 
decision, unless the case is remanded to the Secretary to supplement the 
record regarding the NCD. In these cases, the court may not invalidate 
an NCD except upon review of the supplemental record.

[68 FR 63716, Nov. 7, 2003]



Sec. 405.870  Appointment of representative.

    A party to an initial determination, informal review or hearing as 
provided in Sec. Sec. 405.803 through 405.934, may appoint as his 
representative in any such proceeding any person qualified under Sec. 
405.871. Where the representative is an attorney, in the absence of 
information to the contrary, his representation that he has such 
authority shall be accepted as evidence of the attorney's authority to 
represent a party.



Sec. 405.871  Qualifications of representatives.

    Any individual may be appointed to act as representative in 
accordance with Sec. 405.870, unless he is disqualified or suspended 
from acting as a representative in proceedings before the SSA or the CMS 
or unless otherwise prohibited by law.

[39 FR 12098, Apr. 3, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 62 FR 25855, May 12, 1997]



Sec. 405.872  Authority of representatives.

    A representative, appointed and qualified as provided in Sec. Sec. 
405.870 and 405.871, may make or give, on behalf of the party he 
represents, any request or notice relative to any proceeding before the 
carrier including review and hearing. A representative shall be entitled 
to present evidence and allegations as to facts and law in any 
proceeding affecting the party he represents and to obtain information 
with respect to the claim of such party to the same extent as such 
party. Notice

[[Page 142]]

to any party or any action, determination, or decision, or request to 
any party for the production of evidence, shall be sent to the 
representative of such party.



Sec. 405.874  Appeals of carrier decisions that supplier standards are not 
met.

    (a) An entity serving as a National Supplier Clearinghouse must act 
promptly to determine if any entity submitting a request for a billing 
number as a Medicare supplier of part B items meets the standards set 
forth in part 424. Effective July 1, 1993, the National Supplier 
Clearinghouse must accept, reject or request additional information 
within 15 days of the receipt of an enrollment application.
    (b) If the National Supplier Clearinghouse disallows an entity's 
request for a billing number or revokes, with the concurrence of CMS, an 
entity's billing number, the National Supplier Clearinghouse notifies 
the entity by certified mail. Revocation is effective 15 days after the 
National Supplier Clearinghouse mails notice of its determination. The 
carrier disallows payment for items furnished by the supplier beginning 
with that effective date. The notice must inform the entity of the 
reason for the rejection or revocation, its right to appeal, the date by 
which it must file that appeal (90 days after the postmark of the 
notice) and the address to which the appeal must be sent in writing.
    (c) A fair hearing officer not involved in the original 
determination to disallow an entity's request for a billing number, or 
to revoke an entity's billing number, must schedule a hearing to be held 
within one week of receipt of an appeal, or later at the request of the 
entity. Both the entity and carrier may offer evidence. The hearing 
officer issues notice of his/her decision within 2 weeks of the hearing. 
The notice is sent by certified letter to CMS, the carrier, and the 
appealing entity. This notice must include information about the 
supplier's further right to appeal, the carrier's right to appeal, the 
date by which the appeal must be filed (90 days after the postmark of 
the notice) and the address to which the appeals must be sent in 
writing. Either the carrier or entity may appeal the hearings officer's 
decision to CMS.
    (d) A CMS official, designated by the Administrator of CMS, must 
make an appeal decision based on the evidence presented to the fair 
hearing officer and his or her decision. The CMS official requests any 
additional information he or she deems necessary from either the carrier 
or the entity within two weeks of receipt by the CMS of the appeal. 
Notice of the CMS official's decision--
    (1) Is issued within two weeks of when the last information is 
received is received by the CMS official, or four weeks of when the 
information is requested, whichever is shorter, unless the party 
appealing the fair hearing decision requests a delay;
    (2) Is sent by the CMS official by certified mail to both the 
carrier and the entity; and
    (3) Contains information on any further appeals the entity and 
carrier may have.
    (e) A billing number is not issued, or remains revoked, and payment 
is not made, for items or services furnished by any entity which a 
carrier determines does not qualify for a billing number, until the 
carrier (upon reapplication of the entity), a fair hearing officer, or a 
CMS official designated to hear such appeals, determines that the entity 
qualifies for a billing number. Any claims for items or services 
furnished after revocation of the supplier's billing number and 
submitted by the entity during the appeals period are held and not 
processed, i.e., are neither approved, denied or developed, until all 
administrative appeals have been exhausted. If an entity is determined 
not to have qualified for a billing number in one period but to have 
qualified in another, the carrier pays for claims for items sold or 
rented to beneficiaries during the period the entity qualified as a 
supplier. If there is evidence of an overpayment, see subpart C of part 
405 of this Chapter.
    (f) A billing number may be reinstated after revocation when an 
entity completes a corrective action plan, to which CMS has agreed, and 
provided sufficient assurance of its intent to

[[Page 143]]

comply fully with the supplier standards.

[57 FR 27305, June 18, 1992]



Sec. 405.877  Appeal of a categorization of a device.

    (a) CMS's acceptance of the FDA categorization of a device as an 
experimental/investigational (Category A) device under Sec. 405.203 is 
a national coverage decision under section 1862(a)(1) of the Act.
    (b) CMS's acceptance of the FDA categorization of a device as an 
experimental/investigational (Category A) device under Sec. 405.203 is 
an aspect of an initial determination that, under section 1862 of the 
Act, payment may not be made.
    (c) In accordance with section 1869(b)(3)(A) of the Act, CMS's 
acceptance of the FDA categorization of a device as an experimental/
investigational (Category A) device under Sec. 405.203 may not be 
reviewed by an administrative law judge.

[60 FR 48424, Sept. 19, 1995]



   Subpart I_Determinations, Redeterminations, Reconsiderations, and 
           Appeals Under Original Medicare (Part A and Part B)

    Source: 70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 405.900  Basis and scope.

    (a) Statutory basis. This subpart is based on the provisions of 
sections 1869 (a) through (e) and (g) of the Act.
    (b) Scope. This subpart establishes the requirements for appeals of 
initial determinations for benefits under Part A or Part B of Medicare, 
including the following:
    (1) The initial determination of whether an individual is entitled 
to benefits under Part A or Part B. (Regulations governing 
reconsiderations of these initial determinations are at 20 CFR, part 
404, subpart J).
    (2) The initial determination of the amount of benefits available to 
an individual under Part A or Part B.
    (3) Any other initial determination relating to a claim for benefits 
under Part A or Part B, including an initial determination made by a 
quality improvement organization under section 1154(a)(2) of the Act or 
by an entity under contract with the Secretary (other than a contract 
under section 1852 of the Act) to administer provisions of titles XVIII 
or XI of the Act.



Sec. 405.902  Definitions.

    For the purposes of this subpart, the term--
    ALJ means an Administrative Law Judge of the Department of Health 
and Human Services.
    Appellant means the beneficiary, assignee or other person or entity 
that has filed and pursued an appeal concerning a particular initial 
determination. Designation as an appellant does not in itself convey 
standing to appeal the determination in question.
    Appointed representative means an individual appointed by a party to 
represent the party in a Medicare claim or claim appeal.
    Assignee means:
    (1) A supplier that furnishes items or services to a beneficiary and 
has accepted a valid assignment of a claim or
    (2) A provider or supplier that furnishes items or services to a 
beneficiary, who is not already a party, and has accepted a valid 
assignment of the right to appeal a claim executed by the beneficiary.
    Assignment of a claim means the transfer by a beneficiary of his or 
her claim for payment to the supplier in return for the latter's promise 
not to charge more for his or her services than what the carrier finds 
to be the Medicare-approved amount, as provided in Sec. 424.55 and 
Sec. 424.56 of this chapter.
    Assignment of appeal rights means the transfer by a beneficiary of 
his or her right to appeal under this subpart to a provider or supplier 
who is not already a party, as provided in section 1869(b)(1)(C) of the 
Act.
    Assignor means a beneficiary whose provider of services or supplier 
has taken assignment of a claim or an appeal of a claim.
    Authorized representative means an individual authorized under State 
or other applicable law to act on behalf of a beneficiary or other party 
involved in

[[Page 144]]

the appeal. The authorized representative will have all of the rights 
and responsibilities of a beneficiary or party, as applicable, 
throughout the appeals process.
    Beneficiary means an individual who is enrolled to receive benefits 
under Medicare Part A or Part B.
    Carrier means an organization that has entered into a contract with 
the Secretary in accordance to section 1842 of the Act and is authorized 
to make determinations for Part B of title XVIII of the Act.
    Clean claim means a claim that has no defect or impropriety 
(including any lack of required substantiating documentation) or 
particular circumstance requiring special treatment that prevents timely 
payment from being made on the claim under title XVIII within the time 
periods specified in sections 1816(c) and 1842(c) of the Act.
    Family member means for purposes of the QIC reconsideration panel 
under Sec. 405.968 the following persons as they relate to the 
physician or healthcare provider.
    (1) The spouse (other than a spouse who is legally separated from 
the physician or health care professional under a decree of divorce or 
separate maintenance);
    (2) Children (including stepchildren and legally adopted children);
    (3) Grandchildren;
    (4) Parents; and
    (5) Grandparents.
    Fiscal Intermediary means an organization that has entered into a 
contract with CMS in accordance with section 1816 of the Act and is 
authorized to make determinations and payments for Part A of title XVIII 
of the Act, and Part B provider services as specified in Sec. 421.5(c) 
of this chapter.
    MAC stands for the Medicare Appeals Council within the Departmental 
Appeals Board of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    Party means an individual or entity listed in Sec. 405.906 that has 
standing to appeal an initial determination and/or a subsequent 
administrative appeal determination.
    Provider means a hospital, critical access hospital, skilled nursing 
facility, comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility, home health 
agency, or hospice that has in effect an agreement to participate in 
Medicare, or clinic, rehabilitation agency, or public health agency that 
has in effect a similar agreement, but only to furnish outpatient 
physical therapy or speech pathology services, or a community mental 
health center that has in effect a similar agreement but only to furnish 
partial hospitalization services.
    Qualified Independent Contractor (QIC) means an entity which 
contracts with the Secretary in accordance with section 1869 of the Act 
to perform reconsiderations under Sec. 405.960 through Sec. 405.978.
    Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) means an entity that 
contracts with the Secretary in accordance with sections 1152 and 1153 
of the Act and 42 CFR subchapter F, to perform the functions described 
in section 1154 of the Act and 42 CFR subchapter F, including expedited 
determinations as described in Sec. 405.1200 through Sec. 405.1208.
    Reliable evidence means evidence that is relevant, credible, and 
material.
    Remand means to vacate a lower level appeal decision, or a portion 
of the decision, and return the case, or a portion of the case, to that 
level for a new decision.
    Similar fault means to obtain, retain, convert, seek, or receive 
Medicare funds to which a person knows or should reasonably be expected 
to know that he or she or another for whose benefit Medicare funds are 
obtained, retained, converted, sought, or received is not legally 
entitled. This includes, but is not limited to, a failure to demonstrate 
that he or she filed a proper claim as defined in part 411 of this 
chapter.
    Supplier means, unless the context otherwise requires, a physician 
or other practitioner, a facility, or other entity (other than a 
provider of services) that furnishes items or services under Medicare.
    Vacate means to set aside a previous action.



Sec. 405.904  Medicare initial determinations, redeterminations and appeals: 
General description.

    (a) General overview--(1) Entitlement appeals. The SSA makes an 
initial determination on an application for

[[Page 145]]

Medicare benefits and/or entitlement of an individual to receive 
Medicare benefits. A beneficiary who is dissatisfied with the initial 
determination may request, and SSA will perform, a reconsideration in 
accordance with 20 CFR part 404, subpart J if the requirements for 
obtaining a reconsideration are met. Following the reconsideration, the 
beneficiary may request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge 
(ALJ) under this subpart (42 CFR part 405, subpart I). If the 
beneficiary obtains a hearing before an ALJ and is dissatisfied with the 
decision of the ALJ, he or she may request the Medicare Appeals Council 
(MAC) to review the case. Following the action of the MAC, the 
beneficiary may be entitled to file suit in Federal district court.
    (2) Claim appeals. The Medicare contractor makes an initial 
determination when a claim for Medicare benefits under Part A or Part B 
is submitted. A beneficiary who is dissatisfied with the initial 
determination may request that the contractor perform a redetermination 
of the claim if the requirements for obtaining a redetermination are 
met. Following the contractor's redetermination, the beneficiary may 
request, and the Qualified Independent Contractor (QIC) will perform, a 
reconsideration of the claim if the requirements for obtaining a 
reconsideration are met. Following the reconsideration, the beneficiary 
may request, and the ALJ will conduct a hearing if the amount remaining 
in controversy and other requirements for an ALJ hearing are met. If the 
beneficiary is dissatisfied with the decision of the ALJ, he or she may 
request the MAC to review the case. If the MAC reviews the case and 
issues a decision, and the beneficiary is dissatisfied with the 
decision, the beneficiary may file suit in Federal district court if the 
amount remaining in controversy and the other requirements for judicial 
review are met.
    (b) Non-beneficiary appellants. In general, the procedures described 
in paragraph (a) of this section are also available to parties other 
than beneficiaries either directly or through a representative acting on 
a party's behalf, consistent with the requirements of this subpart I. A 
provider generally has the right to judicial review only as provided 
under section 1879(d) of the Act; that is, when a determination involves 
a finding that services are not covered because--
    (1) They were custodial care (see Sec. 411.15(g) of this chapter); 
they were not reasonable and necessary (see Sec. 411.15(k) of this 
chapter); they did not qualify as covered home health services because 
the beneficiary was not confined to the home or did not need skilled 
nursing care on an intermittent basis (see Sec. 409.42(a) and (c)(1) of 
this chapter); or they were hospice services provided to a non-
terminally ill individual (see Sec. 418.22 of this chapter); and
    (2) Either the provider or the beneficiary, or both, knew or could 
reasonably be expected to know that those services were not covered 
under Medicare.



Sec. 405.906  Parties to the initial determinations, redeterminations, 
reconsiderations, hearings and reviews.

    (a) Parties to the initial determination. The parties to the initial 
determination are the following individuals and entities:
    (1) A beneficiary who files a claim for payment under Medicare Part 
A or Part B or has had a claim for payment filed on his or her behalf, 
or in the case of a deceased beneficiary, when there is no estate, any 
person obligated to make or entitled to receive payment in accordance 
with part 424, subpart E of this chapter. Payment by a third party payer 
does not entitle that entity to party status.
    (2) A supplier who has accepted assignment for items or services 
furnished to a beneficiary that are at issue in the claim.
    (3) A provider of services who files a claim for items or services 
furnished to a beneficiary.
    (b) Parties to the redetermination, reconsideration, hearing and 
MAC. The parties to the redetermination, reconsideration, hearing, and 
MAC review are--
    (1) The parties to the initial determination in accordance with 
paragraph (a) of this section, except under paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section where a beneficiary has assigned appeal rights under Sec. 
405.912;

[[Page 146]]

    (2) A State agency in accordance with Sec. 405.908;
    (3) A provider or supplier that has accepted an assignment of appeal 
rights from the beneficiary according to Sec. 405.912;
    (4) A non-participating physician not billing on an assigned basis 
who, in accordance with section 1842(l) of the Act, may be liable to 
refund monies collected for services furnished to the beneficiary 
because those services were denied on the basis of section 1862(a)(1) of 
the Act; and
    (5) A non-participating supplier not billing on an assigned basis 
who, in accordance with sections 1834(a)(18) and 1834(j)(4) of the Act, 
may be liable to refund monies collected for items furnished to the 
beneficiary.
    (c) Appeals by providers and suppliers when there is no other party 
available. If a provider or supplier is not already a party to the 
proceeding in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, a 
provider of services or supplier may appeal an initial determination 
relating to services it rendered to a beneficiary who subsequently dies 
if there is no other party available to appeal the determination.



Sec. 405.908  Medicaid State agencies.

    When a beneficiary is enrolled to receive benefits under both 
Medicare and Medicaid, the Medicaid State agency may file a request for 
an appeal with respect to a claim for items or services furnished to a 
dually eligible beneficiary only for services for which the Medicaid 
State agency has made payment, or for which it may be liable. A Medicaid 
State agency is considered a party only when it files a timely 
redetermination request with respect to a claim for items or services 
furnished to a beneficiary in accordance with 42 CFR parts 940 through 
958. If a State agency files a request for redetermination, it may 
retain party status at the QIC, ALJ, MAC, and judicial review levels.



Sec. 405.910  Appointed representatives.

    (a) Scope of representation. An appointed representative may act on 
behalf of an individual or entity in exercising his or her right to an 
initial determination or appeal. Appointed representatives do not have 
party status and may take action only on behalf of the individual or 
entity that they represent.
    (b) Persons not qualified. A party may not name as an appointed 
representative, an individual who is disqualified, suspended, or 
otherwise prohibited by law from acting as a representative in any 
proceedings before DHHS, or in entitlement appeals, before SSA.
    (c) Completing a valid appointment. For purposes of this subpart, an 
appointment of representation must:
    (1) Be in writing and signed and dated by both the party and 
individual agreeing to be the representative;
    (2) Provide a statement appointing the representative to act on 
behalf of the party, and in the case of a beneficiary, authorizing the 
adjudicator to release identifiable health information to the appointed 
representative.
    (3) Include a written explanation of the purpose and scope of the 
representation;
    (4) Contain both the party's and appointed representative's name, 
phone number, and address;
    (5) Identify the beneficiary's Medicare health insurance claim 
number;
    (6) Include the appointed representative's professional status or 
relationship to the party;
    (7) Be filed with the entity processing the party's initial 
determination or appeal.
    (d) Curing a defective appointment of representative. (1) If any one 
of the seven elements named in paragraph (c) of this section is missing 
from the appointment, the adjudicator should contact the party and 
provide a description of the missing documentation or information.
    (2) Unless the defect is cured, the prospective appointed 
representative lacks the authority to act on behalf of the party, and is 
not entitled to obtain or receive any information related to the appeal, 
including the appeal decision.
    (e) Duration of appointment. (1) Unless revoked, an appointment is 
considered valid for 1 year from the date that the Appointment of 
Representative (AOR) form or other conforming written instrument 
contains the signatures of both the party and the appointed 
representative.

[[Page 147]]

    (2) To initiate an appeal within the 1-year time frame, the 
representative must file a copy of the AOR form, or other conforming 
written instrument, with the appeal request. Unless revoked, the 
representation is valid for the duration of an individual's appeal of an 
initial determination.
    (3) For an initial determination of a Medicare Secondary Payer 
recovery claim, an appointment signed in connection with the party's 
efforts to make a claim for third party payment is valid from the date 
that appointment is signed for the duration of any subsequent appeal, 
unless the appointment is specifically revoked.
    (f) Appointed representative fees--(1) General rule. An appointed 
representative for a beneficiary who wishes to charge a fee for services 
rendered in connection with an appeal before the Secretary must obtain 
approval of the fee from the Secretary. Services rendered below the ALJ 
level are not considered proceedings before the Secretary.
    (2) No fees or costs against trust funds. No award of attorney or 
any other representative's fees or any costs in connection with an 
appeal may be made against the Medicare trust funds.
    (3) Special rules for providers and suppliers. A provider or 
supplier that furnished the items or services to a beneficiary that are 
the subject of the appeal may represent that beneficiary in an appeal 
under this subpart, but the provider or supplier may not charge the 
beneficiary any fee associated with the representation. If a provider or 
supplier furnishes services or items to a beneficiary, the provider or 
supplier may not represent the beneficiary on the issues described in 
section 1879(a)(2) of the Act, unless the provider or supplier waives 
the right to payment from the beneficiary for the services or items 
involved in the appeal.
    (4) Special rules for purposes of third party payment. The Secretary 
does not review fee arrangements made by a beneficiary for purposes of 
making a claim for third party payment (as defined in 42 CFR 411.21) 
even though the representation may ultimately include representation for 
a Medicare Secondary Payer recovery claim.
    (5) Reasonableness of representative fees. In determining the 
reasonableness of a representative's fee, the Secretary will not apply 
the test specified in sections 206(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Act.
    (g) Responsibilities of an appointed representative. (1) An 
appointed representative has an affirmative duty to--
    (i) Inform the party of the scope and responsibilities of the 
representation;
    (ii) Inform the party of the status of the appeal and the results of 
actions taken on behalf of the party, including, but not limited to, 
notification of appeal determinations, decisions, and further appeal 
rights;
    (iii) Disclose to a beneficiary any financial risk and liability of 
a non-assigned claim that the beneficiary may have;
    (iv) Not act contrary to the interest of the party; and
    (v) Comply with all laws and CMS regulations, CMS Rulings, and 
instructions.
    (2) An appeal request filed by a provider or supplier described in 
paragraph (f)(3) of this section must also include a statement signed by 
the provider or supplier stating that no financial liability is imposed 
on the beneficiary in connection with that representation. If 
applicable, the appeal request must also include a signed statement that 
the provider or supplier waives the right to payment from the 
beneficiary for services or items regarding issues described in section 
1879(a)(2) of the Act.
    (h) Authority of an appointed representative. An appointed 
representative may, on behalf of the party--
    (1) Obtain appeals information about the claim to the same extent as 
the party;
    (2) Submit evidence;
    (3) Make statements about facts and law; and
    (4) Make any request, or give, or receive, any notice about the 
appeal proceedings.
    (i) Notice or request to an appointed representative--(1) Initial 
determinations. When a contractor takes an action or issues an initial 
determination, it sends the action or notice to the party.
    (2) Appeals. When a contractor, QIC, ALJ, or the MAC takes an action 
or

[[Page 148]]

issues a redetermination, reconsideration, or appeal decision, in 
connection with an initial determination, it sends notice of the action 
to the appointed representative.
    (3) The contractor, QIC, ALJ or MAC sends any requests for 
information or evidence regarding a claim that is appealed to the 
appointed representative. The contractor sends any requests for 
information or evidence regarding an initial determination to the party.
    (4) For initial determinations and appeals involving Medicare 
Secondary Payer recovery claims, the adjudicator sends notices and 
requests to both the beneficiary and the appointed representative.
    (j) Effect of notice or request to an appointed representative. A 
notice or request sent to the appointed representative has the same 
force and effect as if was sent to the party.
    (k) Information available to the appointed representative. An 
appointed representative may obtain any and all appeals information 
applicable to the claim at issue that is available to the party.
    (l) Delegation of appointment by appointed representative. An 
appointed representative may not designate another individual to act as 
the appointed representative of the party unless--
    (1) The appointed representative provides written notice to the 
party of the appointed representative's intent to delegate to another 
individual. The notice must include:
    (i) The name of the designee; and
    (ii) The designee's acceptance to be obligated and comply with the 
requirements of representation under this subpart.
    (2) The party accepts the designation as evidenced by a written 
statement signed by the party. This signed statement is not required 
when the appointed representative and designee are attorneys in the same 
law firm or organization.
    (m) Revoking the appointment of representative. (1) A party may 
revoke an appointment of representative without cause at any time.
    (2) Revocation. Revocation is not effective until the adjudicator 
receives a signed, written statement from the party.
    (3) Death of the party. (i) The death of a party terminates the 
authority of the appointed representative, except as specified in 
paragraph (m)(3)(ii) of this section.
    (ii) A party's death does not terminate an appeal that is in 
progress if another individual or entity may be entitled to receive or 
obligated to make payment for the items or services that are the subject 
of the appeal. The appointment of representative remains in effect for 
the duration of the appeal except for MSP recovery claims.



Sec. 405.912  Assignment of appeal rights.

    (a) Who may be an assignee. Only a provider, or supplier that--
    (1) Is not a party to the initial determination as defined in Sec. 
405.906; and
    (2) Furnished an item or service to the beneficiary may seek 
assignment of appeal rights from the beneficiary for that item or 
service.
    (b) Who may not be an assignee. An individual or entity who is not a 
provider or supplier may not be an assignee. A provider or supplier that 
furnishes an item or service to a beneficiary may not seek assignment 
for that item or service when considered a party to the initial 
determination as defined in Sec. 405.906.
    (c) Requirements for a valid assignment of appeal right. The 
assignment of appeal rights must--
    (1) Be executed using a CMS standard form;
    (2) Be in writing and signed by both the beneficiary assigning his 
or her appeal rights and by the assignee;
    (3) Indicate the item or service for which the assignment of appeal 
rights is authorized;
    (4) Contain a waiver of the assignee's right to collect payment from 
the assignor for the specific item or service that are the subject of 
the appeal except as set forth in paragraph (d)(2) of this section; and
    (5) Be submitted at the same time the request for redetermination or 
other appeal is filed.
    (d) Waiver of right to collect payment. (1) Except as specified in 
paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the assignee must waive the right to 
collect payment for

[[Page 149]]

the item or service for which the assignment of appeal rights is made. 
If the assignment is revoked under paragraph (g)(2) or (g)(3) of this 
section, the waiver of the right to collect payment nevertheless remains 
valid. A waiver of the right to collect payment remains in effect 
regardless of the outcome of the appeal decision.
    (2) The assignee is not prohibited from recovering payment 
associated with coinsurance or deductibles or when an advance 
beneficiary notice is properly executed.
    (e) Duration of a valid assignment of appeal rights. Unless revoked, 
the assignment of appeal rights is valid for all administrative and 
judicial review associated with the item or service as indicated on the 
standard CMS form, even in the event of the death of the assignor.
    (f) Rights of the assignee. When a valid assignment of appeal rights 
is executed, the assignor transfers all appeal rights involving the 
particular item or service to the assignee. These include, but are not 
limited to--
    (1) Obtaining information about the claim to the same extent as the 
assignor;
    (2) Submitting evidence;
    (3) Making statements about facts or law; and
    (4) Making any request, or giving, or receiving any notice about 
appeal proceedings.
    (g) Revocation of assignment. When an assignment of appeal rights is 
revoked, the rights to appeal revert to the assignor. An assignment of 
appeal rights may be revoked in any of the following ways:
    (1) In writing by the assignor. The revocation of assignment must be 
delivered to the adjudicator and the assignee, and is effective on the 
date of receipt by the adjudicator.
    (2) By abandonment if the assignee does not file an appeal of an 
unfavorable decision.
    (3) By act or omission by the assignee that is determined by an 
adjudicator to be contrary to the financial interests of the assignor.
    (h) Responsibilities of the assignee. Once the assignee files an 
appeal, the assignee becomes a party to the appeal. The assignee must 
meet all requirements for appeals that apply to any other party.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37702, June 30, 2005]

                         Initial Determinations



Sec. 405.920  Initial determinations.

    After a claim is filed with the appropriate contractor in the manner 
and form described in subpart C of part 424 of this chapter, the 
contractor must--
    (a) Determine if the items and services furnished are covered or 
otherwise reimbursable under title XVIII of the Act;
    (b) Determine any amounts payable and make payment accordingly; and
    (c) Notify the parties to the initial determination of the 
determination in accordance with Sec. 405.921.



Sec. 405.921  Notice of initial determination.

    (a) Notice of initial determination sent to the beneficiary. (1) The 
notice must be written in a manner calculated to be understood by the 
beneficiary, and sent to the last known address of the beneficiary;
    (2) Content of the notice. The notice of initial determination must 
contain--
    (i) The reasons for the determination, including whether a local 
medical review policy, a local coverage determination, or national 
coverage determination was applied;
    (ii) The procedures for obtaining additional information concerning 
the contractor's determination, such as a specific provision of the 
policy, manual, law or regulation used in making the determination;
    (iii) Information on the right to a redetermination if the 
beneficiary is dissatisfied with the outcome of the initial 
determination and instructions on how to request a redetermination; and
    (iv) Any other requirements specified by CMS.
    (b) Notice of initial determination sent to providers and suppliers. 
(1) An electronic or paper remittance advice (RA) notice is the notice 
of initial determination sent to providers and suppliers that accept 
assignment. The electronic RA must comply with the format and content 
requirements of the standard adopted for national use

[[Page 150]]

by covered entities under the Health Insurance Portability and 
Accountability Act (HIPAA) and related CMS manual instructions. When a 
paper RA is mailed, it must comply with CMS manual instructions that 
parallel the HIPAA data content and coding requirements.
    (2) The notice of initial determination must contain:
    (i) The basis for any full or partial denial determination of 
services or items on the claim;
    (ii) Information on the right to a redetermination if the provider 
or supplier is dissatisfied with the outcome of the initial 
determination;
    (iii) All applicable claim adjustment reason and remark codes to 
explain the determination;
    (iv) The source of the RA and who may be contacted if the provider 
or supplier requires further information;
    (v) All content requirements of the standard adopted for national 
use by covered entities under HIPAA; and
    (vi) Any other requirements specified by CMS.



Sec. 405.922  Time frame for processing initial determinations.

    The contractor issues initial determinations on clean claims within 
30 days of receipt if they are submitted by or on behalf of the 
beneficiary who received the items and/or services; otherwise, interest 
must be paid at the rate specified at 31 U.S.C. 3902(a) for the period 
beginning on the day after the required payment date and ending on the 
date payment is made.



Sec. 405.924  Actions that are initial determinations.

    (a) Applications and entitlement of individuals. SSA makes initial 
determinations and processes reconsiderations with respect to an 
individual on the following:
    (1) A determination with respect to entitlement to hospital 
insurance or supplementary medical insurance under Medicare.
    (2) A disallowance of an individual's application for entitlement to 
hospital or supplementary medical insurance, if the individual fails to 
submit evidence requested by SSA to support the application. (SSA 
specifies in the initial determination the conditions of entitlement 
that the applicant failed to establish by not submitting the requested 
evidence).
    (3) A denial of a request for withdrawal of an application for 
hospital or supplementary medical insurance, or a denial of a request 
for cancellation of a request for withdrawal.
    (4) A determination as to whether an individual, previously 
determined as entitled to hospital or supplementary medical insurance, 
is no longer entitled to those benefits, including a determination based 
on nonpayment of premiums.
    (b) Claims made by or on behalf of beneficiaries. The Medicare 
contractor makes initial determinations regarding claims for benefits 
under Medicare Part A and Part B. A finding that a request for payment 
or other submission does not meet the requirements for a Medicare claim 
as defined in Sec. 424.32 of this chapter, is not considered an initial 
determination. An initial determination for purposes of this subpart 
includes, but is not limited to, determinations with respect to:
    (1) If the items and/or services furnished are covered under title 
XVIII;
    (2) In the case of determinations on the basis of section 1879(b) or 
(c) of the Act, if the beneficiary, or supplier who accepts assignment 
under Sec. 424.55 of this chapter knew, or could reasonably have 
expected to know at the time the items or services were furnished, that 
the items or services were not covered;
    (3) In the case of determinations on the basis of section 1842(l)(1) 
of the Act, if the beneficiary or physician knew, or could reasonably 
have expected to know at the time the services were furnished, that the 
services were not covered;
    (4) Whether the deductible is met;
    (5) The computation of the coinsurance amount;
    (6) The number of days used for inpatient hospital, psychiatric 
hospital, or post-hospital extended care;
    (7) The number of home health visits used;
    (8) Periods of hospice care used;
    (9) Requirements for certification and plan of treatment for 
physician services, durable medical equipment, therapies, inpatient 
hospitalization,

[[Page 151]]

skilled nursing care, home health, hospice, and partial hospitalization 
services;
    (10) The beginning and ending of a spell of illness, including a 
determination made under the presumptions established under Sec. 
409.60(c)(2) of this chapter, and as specified in Sec. 409.60(c)(4) of 
this chapter;
    (11) The medical necessity of services, or the reasonableness or 
appropriateness of placement of an individual at an acute level of 
patient care made by the Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) on 
behalf of the contractor in accordance with Sec. 476.86(c)(1) of this 
chapter;
    (12) Any other issues having a present or potential effect on the 
amount of benefits to be paid under Part A or Part B of Medicare, 
including a determination as to whether there was an underpayment of 
benefits paid under Part A or Part B, and if so, the amount thereof;
    (13) If a waiver of adjustment or recovery under sections 1870(b) 
and (c) of the Act is appropriate:
    (i) When an overpayment of hospital insurance benefits or 
supplementary medical insurance benefits (including a payment under 
section 1814(e) of the Act) was made for an individual; or
    (ii) For a Medicare Secondary Payer recovery claim against a 
beneficiary or against a provider or supplier.
    (14) If a particular claim is not payable by Medicare based upon the 
application of the Medicare Secondary Payer provisions of section 
1862(b) of the Act.
    (15) Under the Medicare Secondary Payer provisions of sections 
1862(b) of the Act that Medicare has a recovery claim against a 
provider, supplier, or beneficiary for services or items that were 
already paid by the Medicare program, except when the Medicare Secondary 
Payer recovery claim against the provider or supplier is based upon 
failure to file a proper claim as defined in part 411 of this chapter 
because this action is a reopening.
    (c) Determinations by QIOs. An initial determination for purposes of 
this subpart also includes a determination made by a QIO that:
    (1) A provider can terminate services provided to an individual when 
a physician certified that failure to continue the provision of those 
services is likely to place the individual's health at significant risk; 
or
    (2) A provider can discharge an individual from the provider of 
services.



Sec. 405.926  Actions that are not initial determinations.

    Actions that are not initial determinations and are not appealable 
under this subpart include, but are not limited to--
    (a) Any determination for which CMS has sole responsibility, for 
example--
    (1) If an entity meets the conditions for participation in the 
program;
    (2) If an independent laboratory meets the conditions for coverage 
of services;
    (b) The coinsurance amounts prescribed by regulation for outpatient 
services under the prospective payment system;
    (c) Any issue regarding the computation of the payment amount of 
program reimbursement of general applicability for which CMS or a 
carrier has sole responsibility under Part B such as the establishment 
of a fee schedule set forth in part 414 of this chapter, or an inherent 
reasonableness adjustment pursuant to Sec. 405.502(g), and any issue 
regarding the cost report settlement process under Part A;
    (d) Whether an individual's appeal meets the qualifications for 
expedited access to judicial review provided in Sec. 405.990;
    (e) Any determination regarding whether a Medicare overpayment claim 
must be compromised, or collection action terminated or suspended under 
the Federal Claims Collection Act of 1966, as amended;
    (f) Determinations regarding the transfer or discharge of residents 
of skilled nursing facilities in accordance with Sec. 483.12 of this 
chapter;
    (g) Determinations regarding the readmission screening and annual 
resident review processes required by subparts C and E of part 483 of 
this chapter;
    (h) Determinations for a waiver of Medicare Secondary Payer recovery 
under section 1862(b) of the Act;
    (i) Determinations for a waiver of interest;

[[Page 152]]

    (j) Determinations for a finding regarding the general applicability 
of the Medicare Secondary Payer provisions (as opposed to the 
application of these provisions to a particular claim or claims for 
Medicare payment for benefits);
    (k) Determinations under the Medicare Secondary Payer provisions of 
section 1862(b) of the Act that Medicare has a recovery against an 
entity that was or is required or responsible (directly, as an insurer 
or self-insurer, as a third party administrator, as an employer that 
sponsors or contributes to a group health plan or a large group health 
plan, or otherwise,) to make payment for services or items that were 
already reimbursed by the Medicare program;
    (l) A contractor's, QIC's, ALJ's, or MAC's determination or decision 
to reopen or not to reopen an initial determination, redetermination, 
reconsideration, hearing decision, or review decision;
    (m) Determinations that CMS or its contractors may participate in or 
act as parties in an ALJ hearing or MAC review;
    (n) Determinations that a provider or supplier failed to submit a 
claim timely or failed to submit a timely claim despite being requested 
to do so by the beneficiary or the beneficiary's subrogee;
    (o) Determinations with respect to whether an entity qualifies for 
an exception to the electronic claims submission requirement under part 
424 of this chapter;
    (p) Determinations by the Secretary of sustained or high levels of 
payment errors in accordance with section 1893(f)(3)(A) of the Act;
    (q) A contractor's prior determination related to coverage of 
physicians' services;
    (r) Requests for anticipated payment under the home health 
prospective payment system under Sec. 409.43(c)(ii)(2) of this chapter; 
and
    (s) Claim submissions on forms or formats that are incomplete, 
invalid, or do not meet the requirements for a Medicare claim and 
returned or rejected to the provider or supplier.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37702, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.927  Initial determinations subject to the reopenings process.

    Minor errors or omissions in an initial determination must be 
corrected only through the contractor's reopenings process under Sec. 
405.980(a)(3).



Sec. 405.928  Effect of the initial determination.

    (a) An initial determination described in Sec. 405.924(a) is 
binding unless it is revised or reconsidered in accordance with 20 CFR 
404.907, or revised as a result of a reopening in accordance with 20 CFR 
404.988.
    (b) An initial determination described in Sec. 405.924(b) is 
binding upon all parties to the initial determination unless--
    (1) A redetermination is completed in accordance with Sec. 405.940 
through Sec. 405.958; or
    (2) The initial determination is revised as a result of a reopening 
in accordance with Sec. 405.980.
    (c) An initial determination listed in Sec. 405.924(b) where a 
party submits a timely, valid request for redetermination under Sec. 
405.942 through Sec. 405.944 must be processed as a redetermination 
under Sec. 405.948 through Sec. 405.958 unless the initial 
determination involves a clerical error or other minor error or 
omission.

                            Redeterminations



Sec. 405.940  Right to a redetermination.

    A person or entity that may be a party to a redetermination in 
accordance with Sec. 405.906(b) and that is dissatisfied with an 
initial determination may request a redetermination by a contractor in 
accordance with Sec. 405.940 through Sec. 405.958, regardless of the 
amount in controversy.



Sec. 405.942  Time frame for filing a request for a redetermination.

    (a) Time frame for filing a request. Except as provided in paragraph 
(b) of this section, any request for redetermination must be filed 
within 120 calendar days from the date a party receives the notice of 
the initial determination.
    (1) For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of the initial 
determination will be presumed to be 5 days after

[[Page 153]]

the date of the notice of initial determination, unless there is 
evidence to the contrary.
    (2) The request is considered as filed on the date it is received by 
the contractor.
    (b) Extending the time frame for filing a request. General rule. If 
the 120-day period in which to file a request for a redetermination has 
expired and a party shows good cause, the contractor may extend the time 
frame for filing a request for redetermination.
    (1) How to request an extension. A party may file a request for an 
extension of time for filing a request for a redetermination with the 
contractor. The party should include any evidence supporting the request 
for extension. The request for redetermination extension must--
    (i) Be in writing;
    (ii) State why the request for redetermination was not filed within 
the required time frame; and
    (iii) Meet the requirements of Sec. 405.944.
    (2) How the contractor determines if good cause exists. In 
determining if a party has good cause for missing a deadline to request 
a redetermination, the contractor considers--
    (i) The circumstances that kept the party from making the request on 
time;
    (ii) If the contractor's action(s) misled the party; and
    (iii) If the party had or has any physical, mental, educational, or 
linguistic limitations, including any lack of facility with the English 
language, that prevented the party from filing a timely request or from 
understanding or knowing about the need to file a timely request.
    (3) Examples of good cause. Examples of circumstances when good 
cause may be found to exist include, but are not limited to, the 
following situations:
    (i) The party was prevented by serious illness from contacting the 
contractor in person, in writing, or through a friend, relative, or 
other person; or
    (ii) The party had a death or serious illness in his or her 
immediate family; or
    (iii) Important records of the party were destroyed or damaged by 
fire or other accidental cause; or
    (iv) The contractor gave the party incorrect or incomplete 
information about when and how to request a redetermination; or
    (v) The party did not receive notice of the determination or 
decision; or
    (vi) The party sent the request to a Government agency in good faith 
within the time limit, and the request did not reach the appropriate 
contractor until after the time period to file a request expired.



Sec. 405.944  Place and method of filing a request for a redetermination.

    (a) Filing location. The request for redetermination must be filed 
with the contractor indicated on the notice of initial determination.
    (b) Content of redetermination request. The request for 
redetermination must be in writing and should be made on a standard CMS 
form. A written request that is not made on a standard CMS form is 
accepted if it contains the same required elements as follows:
    (1) The beneficiary's name;
    (2) The Medicare health insurance claim number;
    (3) Specific service(s) and/or item(s) for which the redetermination 
is being requested and the specific date(s) of the service;
    (4) The name and signature of the party or the representative of the 
party.
    (c) Requests for redetermination by more than one party. If more 
than one party timely files a request for redetermination on the same 
claim before a redetermination is made on the first timely filed 
request, the contractor must consolidate the separate requests into one 
proceeding and issue one redetermination.



Sec. 405.946  Evidence to be submitted with the redetermination request.

    (a) Evidence submitted with the request. When filing the request for 
redetermination, a party must explain why it disagrees with the 
contractor's determination and should include any evidence that the 
party believes should be considered by the contractor in making its 
redetermination.

[[Page 154]]

    (b) Evidence submitted after the request. When a party submits 
additional evidence after filing the request for redetermination, the 
contractor's 60-day decision-making time frame is automatically extended 
for up to 14 calendar days for each submission.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37702, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.948  Conduct of a redetermination.

    A redetermination consists of an independent review of an initial 
determination. In conducting a redetermination, the contractor reviews 
the evidence and findings upon which the initial determination was 
based, and any additional evidence the parties submit or the contractor 
obtains on its own. An individual who was not involved in making the 
initial determination must make a redetermination. The contractor may 
raise and develop new issues that are relevant to the claims in the 
particular case.



Sec. 405.950  Time frame for making a redetermination.

    (a) General rule. The contractor mails, or otherwise transmits, 
written notice of the redetermination or dismissal to the parties to the 
redetermination at their last known addresses within 60 calendar days of 
the date the contractor receives a timely filed request for 
redetermination.
    (b) Exceptions. (1) If a contractor grants an appellant's request 
for an extension of the 120-day filing deadline made in accordance with 
Sec. 405.942(b), the 60-day decision-making time frame begins on the 
date the contractor receives the late-filed request for redetermination, 
or when the request for an extension is granted, whichever is later.
    (2) If a contractor receives from multiple parties timely requests 
for redetermination of a claim determination, consistent with Sec. 
405.944(c), the contractor must issue a redetermination or dismissal 
within 60 days of the latest filed request.
    (3) If a party submits additional evidence after the request for 
redetermination is filed, the contractor's 60-day decision-making time 
frame is extended for up to 14 calendar days for each submission, 
consistent with Sec. 405.946(b).

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37702, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.952  Withdrawal or dismissal of a request for a redetermination.

    (a) Withdrawing a request. A party that files a request for 
redetermination may withdraw its request by filing a written and signed 
request for withdrawal. The request for withdrawal must contain a clear 
statement that the appellant is withdrawing the request for a 
redetermination and does not intend to proceed further with the appeal. 
The request must be received in the contractor's mailroom before a 
redetermination is issued. The appeal will proceed with respect to any 
other parties that have filed a timely request for redetermination.
    (b) Dismissing a request. A contractor dismisses a redetermination 
request, either entirely or as to any stated issue, under any of the 
following circumstances:
    (1) When the person or entity requesting a redetermination is not a 
proper party under Sec. 405.906(b) or does not otherwise have a right 
to a redetermination under section 1869(a) of the Act;
    (2) When the contractor determines the party failed to make out a 
valid request for redetermination that substantially complies with Sec. 
405.944;
    (3) When the party fails to file the redetermination request within 
the proper filing time frame in accordance with Sec. 405.942;
    (4) When a beneficiary or the beneficiary's representative files a 
request for redetermination, but the beneficiary dies while the request 
is pending, and all of the following criteria apply:
    (i) The beneficiary's surviving spouse or estate has no remaining 
financial interest in the case. In deciding this issue, the contractor 
considers if the surviving spouse or estate remains liable for the 
services for which payment was denied or a Medicare contractor held the 
beneficiary liable for subsequent similar services under the limitation 
of liability provisions based on the denial of payment for services at 
issue;

[[Page 155]]

    (ii) No other individual or entity with a financial interest in the 
case wishes to pursue the appeal; and
    (iii) No other party filed a valid and timely redetermination 
request under Sec. 405.942 and Sec. 405.944;
    (5) When a party filing the redetermination request submits a timely 
written request for withdrawal with the contractor; or
    (6) When the contractor has not issued an initial determination on 
the claim or the matter for which a redetermination is sought.
    (c) Notice of dismissal. A contractor mails or otherwise transmits a 
written notice of the dismissal of the redetermination request to the 
parties at their last known addresses. The notice states that there is a 
right to request that the contractor vacate the dismissal action.
    (d) Vacating a dismissal. If good and sufficient cause is 
established, a contractor may vacate its dismissal of a request for 
redetermination within 6 months from the date of the notice of 
dismissal.
    (e) Effect of dismissal. The dismissal of a request for 
redetermination is final and binding, unless it is modified or reversed 
by a QIC under Sec. 405.974(b) or vacated under paragraph (d) of this 
section.



Sec. 405.954  Redetermination.

    Upon the basis of the evidence of record, the contractor adjudicates 
the claim(s), and renders a redetermination affirming or reversing, in 
whole or in part, the initial determination in question.



Sec. 405.956  Notice of a redetermination.

    (a) Notification to parties--(1) General rule. Written notice of a 
redetermination affirming, in whole or in part, the initial 
determination must be mailed or otherwise transmitted to all parties at 
their last known addresses in accordance with the time frames 
established in Sec. 405.950. Written notice of a redetermination fully 
reversing the initial determination must be mailed or otherwise 
transmitted to the appellant in accordance with the time frames 
established in Sec. 405.950. If the redetermination results in issuance 
of supplemental payment to a provider or supplier, the Medicare 
contractor must also issue an electronic or paper RA notice to the 
provider or supplier.
    (2) Overpayment cases involving multiple beneficiaries who have no 
liability. In an overpayment case involving multiple beneficiaries who 
have no liability, the contractor may issue a written notice only to the 
appellant.
    (b) Content of the notice for affirmations, in whole or in part. For 
decisions that are affirmations, in whole or in part, of the initial 
determination, the redetermination must be written in a manner 
calculated to be understood by a beneficiary, and contain--
    (1) A clear statement indicating the extent to which the 
redetermination is favorable or unfavorable;
    (2) A summary of the facts, including, as appropriate, a summary of 
the clinical or scientific evidence used in making the redetermination;
    (3) An explanation of how pertinent laws, regulations, coverage 
rules, and CMS policies apply to the facts of the case;
    (4) A summary of the rationale for the redetermination in clear, 
understandable language;
    (5) Notification to the parties of their right to a reconsideration 
and a description of the procedures that a party must follow in order to 
request a reconsideration, including the time frame within which a 
reconsideration must be requested;
    (6) A statement of any specific missing documentation that must be 
submitted with a request for a reconsideration, if applicable;
    (7) A statement that all evidence the appellant wishes to introduce 
during the claim appeals process should be submitted with the request 
for a reconsideration;
    (8) Notification that evidence not submitted to the QIC as indicated 
in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, is not considered at an ALJ hearing 
or further appeal, unless the appellant demonstrates good cause as to 
why that evidence was not provided previously; and

[[Page 156]]

    (9) The procedures for obtaining additional information concerning 
the redetermination, such as specific provisions of the policy, manual, 
or regulation used in making the redetermination.
    (10) Any other requirements specified by CMS.
    (c) Content of the notice for a full reversal. For decisions that 
are full reversals of the initial determination, the redetermination 
must be in writing and contain--
    (1) A clear statement indicating that the redetermination is wholly 
favorable;
    (2) Any other requirements specified by CMS.
    (d) Exception for beneficiary appeal requests. (1) The notice must 
inform beneficiary appellants that the requirements of paragraph (b)(8) 
of this section are not applicable for purposes of beneficiary appeals.
    (2) This exception does not apply for appeal requests from 
beneficiaries who are represented by providers or suppliers.



Sec. 405.958  Effect of a redetermination.

    In accordance with section 1869 (a)(3)(D) of the Act, once a 
redetermination is issued, it becomes part of the initial determination. 
The redetermination is final and binding upon all parties unless--
    (a) A reconsideration is completed in accordance with Sec. 405.960 
through Sec. 405.978; or
    (b) The redetermination is revised as a result of a reopening in 
accordance with Sec. 405.980.

                             Reconsideration



Sec. 405.960  Right to a reconsideration.

    A person or entity that is a party to a redetermination made by a 
contractor as described under Sec. 405.940 through Sec. 405.958, and 
is dissatisfied with that determination, may request a reconsideration 
by a QIC in accordance with Sec. 405.962 through Sec. 405.966, 
regardless of the amount in controversy.



Sec. 405.962  Timeframe for filing a request for a reconsideration.

    (a) Timeframe for filing a request. Except as provided in paragraph 
(b) of this section, any request for a reconsideration must be filed 
within 180 calendar days from the date the party receives the notice of 
the redetermination.
    (1) For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of the 
redetermination will be presumed to be 5 days after the date of the 
notice of redetermination, unless there is evidence to the contrary.
    (2) For purposes of meeting the 180-day filing deadline, the request 
is considered as filed on the date it is received by the QIC.
    (b) Extending the time for filing a request--(1) General rule. A QIC 
may extend the 180-day timeframe for filing a request for 
reconsideration for good cause.
    (2) How to request an extension. A party to the redetermination must 
file its request for an extension of the time for filing the 
reconsideration request with its request for reconsideration. A party 
should include evidence to support the request for extension. The 
request for reconsideration and request for extension must--
    (i) Be in writing;
    (ii) State why the request for reconsideration was not filed within 
the required timeframe; and
    (iii) Meet the requirements of Sec. 405.964.
    (3) How the QIC determines whether good cause exists. In determining 
whether a party has good cause for missing a deadline to request 
reconsideration, the QIC applies the good cause provisions contained in 
Sec. 405.942(b)(2) and (b)(3).



Sec. 405.964  Place and method of filing a request for a reconsideration.

    (a) Filing location. The request for reconsideration must be filed 
with the QIC indicated on the notice of redetermination.
    (b) Content of reconsideration request. The request for 
reconsideration must be in writing and should be made on a standard CMS 
form. A written request that is not made on a standard CMS form is 
accepted if it contains the same required elements, as follows:
    (1) The beneficiary's name;
    (2) Medicare health insurance claim number;

[[Page 157]]

    (3) Specific service(s) and item(s) for which the reconsideration is 
requested and the specific date(s) of service;
    (4) The name and signature of the party or the representative of the 
party; and
    (5) The name of the contractor that made the redetermination.
    (c) Requests for reconsideration by more than one party. If more 
than one party timely files a request for reconsideration on the same 
claim before a reconsideration is made on the first timely filed 
request, the QIC must consolidate the separate requests into one 
proceeding and issue one reconsideration.



Sec. 405.966  Evidence to be submitted with the reconsideration request.

    (a) Evidence submitted with the request. When filing a request for 
reconsideration, a party should present evidence and allegations of fact 
or law related to the issue in dispute and explain why it disagrees with 
the initial determination, including the redetermination.
    (1) This evidence must include any missing documentation identified 
in the notice of redetermination, consistent with Sec. 405.956(b)(6).
    (2) Absent good cause, failure to submit all evidence, including 
documentation requested in the notice of redetermination prior to the 
issuance of the notice of reconsideration precludes subsequent 
consideration of that evidence.
    (b) Evidence submitted after the request. Each time a party submits 
additional evidence after filing the request for reconsideration, the 
QIC's 60-day decisionmaking timeframe is automatically extended by up to 
14 calendar days for each submission. This extension does not apply to 
timely submissions of documentation specifically requested by a QIC, 
unless the documentation was originally requested in the notice of 
redetermination.
    (c) Exception for beneficiaries and State Medicaid Agencies that 
file reconsideration requests. (1) Beneficiaries and State Medicaid 
Agencies that file requests for reconsideration are not required to 
comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. However, 
the automatic 14-day extension described in paragraph (b) of this 
section applies to each evidence submission made after the request for 
reconsideration is filed.
    (2) Beneficiaries who are represented by providers or suppliers must 
comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.



Sec. 405.968  Conduct of a reconsideration.

    (a) General rules. (1) A reconsideration consists of an independent, 
on-the-record review of an initial determination, including the 
redetermination and all issues related to payment of the claim. In 
conducting a reconsideration, the QIC reviews the evidence and findings 
upon which the initial determination, including the redetermination, was 
based, and any additional evidence the parties submit or that the QIC 
obtains on its own. If the initial determination involves a finding on 
whether an item or service is reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis 
or treatment of illness or injury (under section 1862(a)(1)(A) of the 
Act), a QIC's reconsideration must involve consideration by a panel of 
physicians or other appropriate health care professionals, and be based 
on clinical experience, the patient's medical records, and medical, 
technical, and scientific evidence of record to the extent applicable.
    (b) Authority of the QIC. (1) National coverage determinations 
(NCDs), CMS Rulings, and applicable laws and regulations are binding on 
the QIC.
    (2) QICs are not bound by LCDs, LMRPs, or CMS program guidance, such 
as program memoranda and manual instructions, but give substantial 
deference to these policies if they are applicable to a particular case. 
A QIC may decline to follow a policy, if the QIC determines, either at a 
party's request or at its own discretion, that the policy does not apply 
to the facts of the particular case.
    (3) If a QIC declines to follow a policy in a particular case, the 
QIC's reconsideration explains the reasons why the policy was not 
followed.
    (4) A QIC's decision to decline to follow a policy under this 
section applies only to the specific claim being reconsidered and does 
not have precedential effect.
    (5) A QIC may raise and develop new issues that are relevant to the 
claims

[[Page 158]]

in a particular case provided that the contractor rendered a 
redetermination with respect to the claims.
    (c) Qualifications of the QIC's panel members. (1) Members of a 
QIC's panel who conduct reconsiderations must have sufficient medical, 
legal, and other expertise, including knowledge of the Medicare program.
    (2) When a redetermination is made with respect to whether an item 
or service is reasonable and necessary (section 1862(a)(1)(A) of the 
Act), the QIC designates a panel of physicians or other appropriate 
health care professionals to consider the facts and circumstances of the 
redetermination.
    (3) Where a claim pertains to the furnishing of treatment by a 
physician, or the provision of items or services by a physician, a 
reviewing professional must be a physician.
    (d) Disqualification of a QIC panel member. No physician or health 
care professional employed by or otherwise working for a QIC may review 
determinations regarding--
    (1) Health care services furnished to a patient if that physician or 
health care professional was directly responsible for furnishing those 
services; or
    (2) Health care services provided in or by an institution, 
organization, or agency, if that physician or health care professional 
or any member of the physician's family or health care professional's 
family has, directly or indirectly, a significant financial interest in 
that institution, organization, or agency (see the term family member as 
defined in Sec. 405.902).



Sec. 405.970  Timeframe for making a reconsideration.

    (a) General rule. Within 60 calendar days of the date the QIC 
receives a timely filed request for reconsideration or any additional 
time provided by paragraph (b) of this section, the QIC mails, or 
otherwise transmits to the parties at their last known addresses, 
written notice of--
    (1) The reconsideration;
    (2) Its inability to complete its review within 60 days in 
accordance with paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section; or
    (3) Dismissal.
    (b) Exceptions. (1) If a QIC grants an appellant's request for an 
extension of the 180-day filing deadline made in accordance with Sec. 
405.962(b), the QIC's 60-day decision-making timeframe begins on the 
date the QIC receives the late filed request for reconsideration, or 
when the request for an extension that meets the requirements of Sec. 
405.962(b) is granted, whichever is later.
    (2) If a QIC receives timely requests for reconsideration from 
multiple parties, consistent with Sec. 405.964(c), the QIC must issue a 
reconsideration, notice that it cannot complete its review, or dismissal 
within 60 days for each submission of the latest filed request.
    (3) Each time a party submits additional evidence after the request 
for reconsideration is filed, the QIC's 60-day decisionmaking timeframe 
is extended by up to 14 days for each submission, consistent with Sec. 
405.966(b).
    (c) Responsibilities of the QIC. Within 60 days of receiving a 
request for a reconsideration, or any additional time provided for under 
paragraph (b) of this section, a QIC must take one of the following 
actions:
    (1) Notify all parties of its reconsideration, consistent with Sec. 
405.976.
    (2) Notify the parties that it cannot complete the reconsideration 
by the deadline specified in paragraph (b) of this section and offer the 
appellant the opportunity to escalate the appeal to an ALJ. The QIC 
continues to process the reconsideration unless it receives a written 
request from the appellant to escalate the case to an ALJ after the 
adjudication period has expired.
    (d) Responsibilities of the appellant. If an appellant wishes to 
exercise the option of escalating the case to an ALJ, the appellant must 
notify the QIC in writing.
    (e) Actions following appellant's notice. (1) If the appellant fails 
to notify the QIC, or notifies the QIC that the appellant does not 
choose to escalate the case, the QIC completes its reconsideration and 
notifies the appellant of its action consistent with Sec. 405.972 or 
Sec. 405.976.
    (2) If the appellant notifies the QIC that the appellant wishes to 
escalate the case, the QIC must take one of the following actions within 
5 days of receipt of the notice or 5 days from the

[[Page 159]]

end of the applicable adjudication period under paragraph (a) or (b) of 
this section:
    (i) Complete its reconsideration and notify all parties of its 
decision consistent with Sec. 405.972 or Sec. 405.976.
    (ii) Acknowledge the escalation notice in writing and forward the 
case file to the ALJ hearing office.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37702, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.972  Withdrawal or dismissal of a request for a reconsideration.

    (a) Withdrawing a request. An appellant that files a request for 
reconsideration may withdraw its request by filing a written and signed 
request for withdrawal. The request for withdrawal must--
    (1) Contain a clear statement that the appellant is withdrawing the 
request for reconsideration and does not intend to proceed further with 
the appeal.
    (2) Be received in the QIC's mailroom before the reconsideration is 
issued.
    (b) Dismissing a request. A QIC dismisses a reconsideration request, 
either entirely or as to any stated issue, under any of the following 
circumstances:
    (1) When the person or entity requesting reconsideration is not a 
proper party under Sec. 405.906(b) or does not otherwise have a right 
to a reconsideration under section 1869(b) of the Act;
    (2) When the QIC determines that the party failed to make out a 
valid request for reconsideration that substantially complies with Sec. 
405.964(a) and (b);
    (3) When the party fails to file the reconsideration request in 
accordance with the timeframes established in Sec. 405.962;
    (4) When a beneficiary or the beneficiary's representative files a 
request for reconsideration, but the beneficiary dies while the request 
is pending, and all of the following criteria apply:
    (i) The beneficiary's surviving spouse or estate has no remaining 
financial interest in the case. In deciding this issue, the QIC 
considers if the surviving spouse or estate remains liable for the 
services for which payment was denied or a Medicare contractor held the 
beneficiary liable for subsequent similar services under the limitation 
of liability provisions based on the denial of payment for services at 
issue;
    (ii) No other individual or entity with a financial interest in the 
case wishes to pursue the appeal; and
    (iii) No other party to the redetermination filed a valid and timely 
request for reconsideration under Sec. 405.962 and Sec. 405.964.
    (5) When a party filing for the reconsideration submits a written 
request of withdrawal to the QIC and satisfies the criteria set forth in 
paragraph (a) of this section before the reconsideration has been 
issued; or
    (6) When the contractor has not issued a redetermination on the 
initial determination for which a reconsideration is sought.
    (c) Notice of dismissal. A QIC mails or otherwise transmits written 
notice of the dismissal of the reconsideration request to the parties at 
their last known addresses. The notice states that there is a right to 
request that the contractor vacate the dismissal action. The appeal will 
proceed with respect to any other parties that have filed a timely 
request for reconsideration.
    (d) Vacating a dismissal. If good and sufficient cause is 
established, a QIC may vacate its dismissal of a request for 
reconsideration within 6 months of the date of the notice of dismissal.
    (e) Effect of dismissal. The dismissal of a request for 
reconsideration is final and binding, unless it is modified or reversed 
by an ALJ under Sec. 405.1004 or vacated under paragraph (d) of this 
section.



Sec. 405.974  Reconsideration.

    (a) Reconsideration of a contractor determination. Except as 
provided in Sec. 405.972, upon the basis of the evidence of record, the 
QIC must issue a reconsideration affirming or reversing, in whole or in 
part, the initial determination, including the redetermination, in 
question.
    (b) Reconsideration of contractor's dismissal of a redetermination 
request. (1) A party to a contractor's dismissal of a request for 
redetermination has a right to have the dismissal reviewed by a QIC, if 
the party files a written request for review of the dismissal with the 
QIC within 60 days after receipt of the contractor's notice of 
dismissal.

[[Page 160]]

    (i) For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of the 
contractor's notice of dismissal is presumed to be 5 days after the date 
of the notice of dismissal, unless there is evidence to the contrary.
    (ii) For purposes of meeting the 60-day filing deadline, the request 
is considered as filed on the date it is received by the QIC indicated 
on the notice of dismissal.
    (2) If the QIC determines that the contractor's dismissal was in 
error, it vacates the dismissal and remands the case to the contractor 
for a redetermination.
    (3) A QIC's reconsideration of a contractor's dismissal of a 
redetermination request is final and not subject to any further review.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.976  Notice of a reconsideration.

    (a) Notification to parties--(1) General rules. (i) Written notice 
of the reconsideration must be mailed or otherwise transmitted to all 
parties at their last known addresses, in accordance with the timeframes 
established in Sec. 405.970(a) or (b).
    (ii) The notice must be written in a manner reasonably calculated to 
be understood by a beneficiary.
    (iii) The QIC must promptly notify the entity responsible for 
payment of claims under Part A or Part B of its reconsideration. If the 
reconsideration results in issuance of supplemental payment to a 
provider or supplier, the Medicare contractor must also issue an 
electronic or paper RA notice to the provider or supplier.
    (2) Overpayment cases involving multiple beneficiaries who have no 
liability. In an overpayment case involving multiple beneficiaries who 
have no liability, the QIC may issue a written notice only to the 
appellant.
    (b) Content of the notice. The reconsideration must be in writing 
and contain--
    (1) A clear statement indicating whether the reconsideration is 
favorable or unfavorable;
    (2) A summary of the facts, including as appropriate, a summary of 
the clinical or scientific evidence used in making the reconsideration;
    (3) An explanation of how pertinent laws, regulations, coverage 
rules, and CMS policies, apply to the facts of the case, including, 
where applicable, the rationale for declining to follow an LCD, LMRP, or 
CMS program guidance;
    (4) In the case of a determination on whether an item or service is 
reasonable or necessary under section 1862(a)(1)(A) of the Act, an 
explanation of the medical and scientific rationale for the decision;
    (5) A summary of the rationale for the reconsideration.
    (i) If the notice of redetermination indicated that specific 
documentation should be submitted with the reconsideration request, and 
the documentation was not submitted with the request for 
reconsideration, the summary must indicate how the missing documentation 
affected the reconsideration; and
    (ii) The summary must also specify that, consistent with Sec. 
405.956(b)(8) and Sec. 405.966(b), all evidence, including evidence 
requested in the notice of redetermination, that is not submitted prior 
to the issuance of the reconsideration will not be considered at an ALJ 
level, or made part of the administrative record, unless the appellant 
demonstrates good cause as to why the evidence was not provided prior to 
the issuance of the QIC's reconsideration. This requirement does not 
apply to beneficiaries, unless the beneficiary is represented by a 
provider or supplier or to State Medicaid Agencies;
    (6) Information concerning to the parties' right to an ALJ hearing, 
including the applicable amount in controversy requirement and 
aggregation provisions;
    (7) A statement of whether the amount in controversy needed for an 
ALJ hearing is met when the reconsideration is partially or fully 
unfavorable;
    (8) A description of the procedures that a party must follow in 
order to obtain an ALJ hearing of an expedited reconsideration, 
including the time frame under which a request for an ALJ hearing must 
be filed;

[[Page 161]]

    (9) If appropriate, advice as to the requirements for use of the 
expedited access to judicial review process set forth in Sec. 405.990;
    (10) The procedures for obtaining additional information concerning 
the reconsideration, such as specific provisions of the policy, manual, 
or regulation used in making the reconsideration; and
    (11) Any other requirements specified by CMS.



Sec. 405.978  Effect of a reconsideration.

    A reconsideration is final and binding on all parties, unless--
    (a) An ALJ decision is issued in accordance to a request for an ALJ 
hearing made in accordance with Sec. 405.1014;
    (b) A review entity issues a decision in accordance to a request for 
expedited access to judicial review under Sec. 405.990; or
    (c) The reconsideration is revised as a result of a reopening in 
accordance with Sec. 405.980.

                               Reopenings



Sec. 405.980  Reopenings of initial determinations, redeterminations, and 
reconsiderations, hearings and reviews.

    (a) General rules. (1) A reopening is a remedial action taken to 
change a final determination or decision that resulted in either an 
overpayment or underpayment, even though the final determination or 
decision may have been correct at the time it was made based on the 
evidence of record. That action may be taken by--
    (i) A contractor to revise the initial determination or 
redetermination;
    (ii) A QIC to revise the reconsideration;
    (iii) An ALJ to revise the hearing decision; or
    (iv) The MAC to revise the hearing or review decision.
    (2) If a contractor issues a denial of a claim because it did not 
receive requested documentation during medical review and the party 
subsequently requests a redetermination, the contractor must process the 
request as a reopening.
    (3) Notwithstanding paragraph (a)(4) of this section, a contractor 
must process clerical errors (which includes minor errors and omissions) 
as reopenings, instead of as redeterminations as specified in Sec. 
405.940. If the contractor receives a request for reopening and 
disagrees that the issue is a clerical error, the contractor must 
dismiss the reopening request and advise the party of any appeal rights, 
provided the timeframe to request an appeal on the original denial has 
not expired. For purposes of this section, clerical error includes human 
or mechanical errors on the part of the party or the contractor such 
as--
    (i) Mathematical or computational mistakes;
    (ii) Inaccurate data entry; or
    (iii) Denials of claims as duplicates.
    (4) When a party has filed a valid request for an appeal of an 
initial determination, redetermination, reconsideration, hearing, or MAC 
review, no adjudicator has jurisdiction to reopen an issue on a claim 
that is under appeal until all appeal rights for that issue are 
exhausted. Once the appeal rights for the issue have been exhausted, the 
contractor, QIC, ALJ, or MAC may reopen as set forth in this section.
    (5) The contractor's, QIC's, ALJ's, or MAC's decision on whether to 
reopen is final and not subject to appeal.
    (6) A determination under the Medicare secondary payer provisions of 
section 1862(b) of the Act that Medicare has an MSP recovery claim for 
services or items that were already reimbursed by the Medicare program 
is not a reopening, except where the recovery claim is based upon a 
provider's or supplier's failure to demonstrate that it filed a proper 
claim as defined in part 411 of this chapter.
    (b) Time frames and requirements for reopening initial 
determinations and redeterminations initiated by a contractor. A 
contractor may reopen and revise its initial determination or 
redetermination on its own motion--
    (1) Within 1 year from the date of the initial determination or 
redetermination for any reason.
    (2) Within 4 years from the date of the initial determination or 
redetermination for good cause as defined in Sec. 405.986.
    (3) At any time if there exists reliable evidence as defined in 
Sec. 405.902 that the initial determination was procured

[[Page 162]]

by fraud or similar fault as defined in Sec. 405.902.
    (4) At anytime if the initial determination is unfavorable, in whole 
or in part, to the party thereto, but only for the purpose of correcting 
a clerical error on which that determination was based.
    (5) At any time to effectuate a decision issued under the coverage 
appeals process.
    (c) Time frame and requirements for reopening initial determinations 
and redeterminations requested by a party. (1) A party may request that 
a contractor reopen its initial determination or redetermination within 
1 year from the date of the initial determination or redetermination for 
any reason.
    (2) A party may request that a contractor reopen its initial 
determination or redetermination within 4 years from the date of the 
initial determination or redetermination for good cause in accordance 
with Sec. 405.986.
    (3) A party may request that a contractor reopen its initial 
determination at any time if the initial determination is unfavorable, 
in whole or in part, to the party thereto, but only for the purpose of 
correcting a clerical error on which that determination was based. Third 
party payer error does not constitute clerical error. See Sec. 
405.986(c).
    (d) Time frame and requirements for reopening reconsiderations, 
hearing decisions and reviews initiated by a QIC, ALJ, or the MAC. (1) A 
QIC may reopen its reconsideration on its own motion within 180 days 
from the date of the reconsideration for good cause in accordance with 
Sec. 405.986. If the QIC's reconsideration was procured by fraud or 
similar fault, then the QIC may reopen at any time.
    (2) An ALJ or the MAC may reopen a hearing decision on its own 
motion within 180 days from the date of the decision for good cause in 
accordance with Sec. 405.986. If the hearing decision was procured by 
fraud or similar fault, then the ALJ or the MAC may reopen at any time.
    (3) The MAC may reopen its review decision on its own motion within 
180 days from the date of the review decision for good cause in 
accordance with Sec. 405.986. If the MAC's decision was procured by 
fraud or similar fault, then the MAC may reopen at any time.
    (e) Time frames and requirements for reopening reconsiderations, 
hearing decisions, and reviews requested by a party. (1) A party to a 
reconsideration may request that a QIC reopen its reconsideration within 
180 days from the date of the reconsideration for good cause in 
accordance with Sec. 405.986.
    (2) A party to a hearing may request that an ALJ or the MAC reopen a 
hearing decision within 180 days from the date of the hearing decision 
for good cause in accordance with Sec. 405.986.
    (3) A party to a review may request that the MAC reopen its decision 
within 180 days from the date of the review decision for good cause in 
accordance with Sec. 405.986.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.982  Notice of a revised determination or decision.

    (a) When adjudicators initiate reopenings. When any determination or 
decision is reopened and revised as provided in Sec. 405.980, the 
contractor, QIC, ALJ, or the MAC must mail its revised determination or 
decision to the parties to that determination or decision at their last 
known address. In the case of a full or partial reversal resulting in 
issuance of a payment to a provider or supplier, a revised electronic or 
paper remittance advice notice must be issued by the Medicare 
contractor. An adverse revised determination or decision must state the 
rationale and basis for the reopening and revision and any right to 
appeal.
    (b) Reopenings initiated at the request of a party. The contractor, 
QIC, ALJ, or the MAC must mail its revised determination or decision to 
the parties to that determination or decision at their last known 
address. In the case of a full or partial reversal resulting in issuance 
of a payment to a provider or supplier, a revised electronic or paper 
remittance advice notice must be issued by the Medicare contractor. An 
adverse revised determination or decision must state the rationale and 
basis for the reopening and revision and any right to appeal.

[[Page 163]]



Sec. 405.984  Effect of a revised determination or decision.

    (a) Initial determinations. The revision of an initial determination 
is binding upon all parties unless a party files a written request for a 
redetermination that is accepted and processed in accordance with Sec. 
405.940 through Sec. 405.958.
    (b) Redeterminations. The revision of a redetermination is binding 
upon all parties unless a party files a written request for a QIC 
reconsideration that is accepted and processed in accordance with Sec. 
405.960 through Sec. 405.978.
    (c) Reconsiderations. The revision of a reconsideration is binding 
upon all parties unless a party files a written request for an ALJ 
hearing that is accepted and processed in accordance with Sec. 405.1000 
through Sec. 405.1064.
    (d) ALJ Hearing decisions. The revision of a hearing decision is 
binding upon all parties unless a party files a written request for a 
MAC review that is accepted and processed in accordance with Sec. 
405.1100 through Sec. 405.1130.
    (e) MAC review. The revision of a MAC review is binding upon all 
parties unless a party files a civil action in which a Federal district 
court accepts jurisdiction and issues a decision.
    (f) Appeal of only the portion of the determination or decision 
revised by the reopening. Only the portion of the initial determination, 
redetermination, reconsideration, or hearing decision revised by the 
reopening may be subsequently appealed.
    (g) Effect of a revised determination or decision. A revised 
determination or decision is binding unless it is appealed or otherwise 
reopened.



Sec. 405.986  Good cause for reopening.

    (a) Establishing good cause. Good cause may be established when--
    (1) There is new and material evidence that--
    (i) Was not available or known at the time of the determination or 
decision; and
    (ii) May result in a different conclusion; or
    (2) The evidence that was considered in making the determination or 
decision clearly shows on its face that an obvious error was made at the 
time of the determination or decision.
    (b) Change in substantive law or interpretative policy. A change of 
legal interpretation or policy by CMS in a regulation, CMS ruling, or 
CMS general instruction, or a change in legal interpretation or policy 
by SSA in a regulation, SSA ruling, or SSA general instruction in 
entitlement appeals, whether made in response to judicial precedent or 
otherwise, is not a basis for reopening a determination or hearing 
decision under this section. This provision does not preclude 
contractors from conducting reopenings to effectuate coverage decisions 
issued under the authority granted by section 1869(f) of the Act.
    (c) Third party payer error. A request to reopen a claim based upon 
a third party payer's error in making a primary payment determination 
when Medicare processed the claim in accordance with the information in 
its system of records or on the claim form does not constitute good 
cause for reopening.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]

                   Expedited Access to Judicial Review



Sec. 405.990  Expedited access to judicial review.

    (a) Process for expedited access to judicial review. (1) For 
purposes of this section, a ``review entity'' means an entity of up to 
three reviewers who are ALJs or members of the Departmental Appeals 
Board (DAB), as determined by the Secretary.
    (2) In order to obtain expedited access to judicial review (EAJR), a 
review entity must certify that the Medicare Appeals Council (MAC) does 
not have the authority to decide the question of law or regulation 
relevant to the matters in dispute and that there is no material issue 
of fact in dispute.
    (3) A party may make a request for EAJR only once with respect to a 
question of law or regulation for a specific matter in dispute in an 
appeal.
    (b) Conditions for making the expedited appeals request. (1) A party 
may request EAJR in place of an ALJ hearing or MAC review if the 
following conditions are met:

[[Page 164]]

    (i) A QIC has made a reconsideration determination and the party has 
filed a request for--
    (A) An ALJ hearing in accordance with Sec. 405.1002 and a final 
decision of the ALJ has not been issued;
    (B) MAC review in accordance with Sec. 405.1102 and a final 
decision of the MAC has not been issued; or
    (ii) The appeal has been escalated from the QIC to the ALJ level 
after the period described in Sec. 405.970(a) and Sec. 405.970(b) has 
expired, and the QIC does not issue a final action within the time frame 
described in Sec. 405.970(e).
    (2) The requestor is a party, as defined in paragraph (e) of this 
section.
    (3) The amount remaining in controversy meets the requirements of 
Sec. 405.1006(b) or (c).
    (4) If there is more than one party to the reconsideration, hearing, 
or MAC review, each party concurs, in writing, with the request for the 
EAJR.
    (5) There are no material issues of fact in dispute.
    (c) Content of the request for EAJR. The request for EAJR must--
    (1) Allege that there are no material issues of fact in dispute and 
identify the facts that the requestor considers material and that are 
not disputed; and
    (2) Assert that the only factor precluding a decision favorable to 
the requestor is--
    (i) A statutory provision that is unconstitutional, or a provision 
of a regulation or national coverage determination and specify the 
statutory provision that the requestor considers unconstitutional or the 
provision of a regulation or a national coverage determination that the 
requestor considers invalid, or
    (ii) A CMS Ruling that the requester considers invalid;
    (3) Include a copy of any QIC reconsideration and of any ALJ hearing 
decision that the requester has received;
    (4) If any QIC reconsideration or ALJ hearing decision was based on 
facts that the requestor is disputing, state why the requestor considers 
those facts to be immaterial; and
    (5) If any QIC reconsideration or ALJ hearing decision was based on 
a provision of a law, regulation, national coverage determination or CMS 
Ruling in addition to the one the requestor considers unconstitutional 
or invalid, a statement as to why further administrative review of how 
that provision applies to the facts is not necessary.
    (d) Place and time for an EAJR request--(1) Method and place for 
filing request. The requestor may include an EAJR request in his or her 
request for an ALJ hearing or MAC review, or, if an appeal is already 
pending with an ALJ or the MAC, file a written EAJR request with the ALJ 
hearing office or MAC where the appeal is being considered. The ALJ 
hearing office or MAC forwards the request to the review entity within 5 
calendar days of receipt.
    (2) Time of filing request. The party may file a request for the 
EAJR--
    (i) If the party has requested a hearing, at any time before receipt 
of the notice of the ALJ's decision; or
    (ii) If the party has requested MAC review, at any time before 
receipt of notice of the MAC's decision.
    (e) Parties to the EAJR. The parties to the EAJR are the persons or 
entities who were parties to the QIC's reconsideration determination 
and, if applicable, to the ALJ hearing.
    (f) Determination on EAJR request. (1) The review entity described 
in paragraph (a) of this section will determine whether the request for 
EAJR meets all of the requirements of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of 
this section.
    (2) Within 60 days after the date the review entity receives a 
request and accompanying documents and materials meeting the conditions 
in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, the review entity will 
issue either a certification in accordance to paragraph (g) of this 
section or a denial of the request.
    (3) A determination by the review entity either certifying that the 
requirements for EAJR are met pursuant to paragraph (g) of this section 
or denying the request is final and not subject to review by the 
Secretary.
    (4) If the review entity fails to make a determination within the 
time frame specified in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, then the 
requestor may bring a civil action in Federal district court within 60 
days of the end of the time frame.
    (g) Certification by the review entity. If a party meets the 
requirements for the

[[Page 165]]

EAJR, the review entity certifies in writing that--
    (1) The material facts involved in the claim are not in dispute;
    (2) Except as indicated in paragraph (g)(3) of this section, the 
Secretary's interpretation of the law is not in dispute;
    (3) The sole issue(s) in dispute is the constitutionality of a 
statutory provision, or the validity of a provision of a regulation, CMS 
Ruling, or national coverage determination;
    (4) But for the provision challenged, the requestor would receive a 
favorable decision on the ultimate issue (such as whether a claim should 
be paid); and
    (5) The certification by the review entity is the Secretary's final 
action for purposes of seeking expedited judicial review.
    (h) Effect of certification by the review entity. If an EAJR request 
results in a certification described in paragraph (g) of this section--
    (1) The party that requested the EAJR is considered to have waived 
any right to completion of the remaining steps of the administrative 
appeals process regarding the matter certified.
    (2) The requestor has 60 days, beginning on the date of the review 
entity's certification within which to bring a civil action in Federal 
district court.
    (3) The requestor must satisfy the requirements for venue under 
section 1869(b)(2)(C)(iii) of the Act, as well as the requirements for 
filing a civil action in a Federal district court under Sec. 
405.1136(a) and Sec. 405.1136(c) through Sec. 405.1136(f).
    (i) Rejection of EAJR. (1) If a request for EAJR request does not 
meet all the conditions set out in paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of this 
section, or if the review entity does not certify a request for EAJR, 
the review entity advises in writing all parties that the request has 
been denied, and returns the request to the ALJ hearing office or the 
MAC, which will treat it as a request for hearing or for MAC review, as 
appropriate.
    (2) Whenever a review entity forwards a rejected EAJR request to an 
ALJ hearing office or the MAC, the appeal is considered timely filed and 
the 90-day decision making time frame begins on the day the request is 
received by the hearing office or the MAC.
    (j) Interest on any amounts in controversy. (1) If a provider or 
supplier is granted judicial review in accordance with this section, the 
amount in controversy, if any, is subject to annual interest beginning 
on the first day of the first month beginning after the 60-day period as 
determined in accordance with paragraphs (f)(4) or (h)(2) of this 
section, as applicable.
    (2) The interest is awarded by the reviewing court and payable to a 
prevailing party.
    (3) The rate of interest is equal to the rate of interest applicable 
to obligations issued for purchase by the Federal Supplementary Medical 
Insurance Trust Fund for the month in which the civil action authorized 
under this subpart is commenced.
    (4) No interest awarded in accordance with this paragraph shall be 
income or cost for purposes of determining reimbursement due to 
providers or suppliers under Medicare.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]

                              ALJ Hearings



Sec. 405.1000  Hearing before an ALJ: General rule.

    (a) If a party is dissatisfied with a QIC's reconsideration or if 
the adjudication period specified in Sec. 405.970 for the QIC to 
complete its reconsideration has elapsed, the party may request a 
hearing.
    (b) A hearing may be conducted in-person, by video-teleconference 
(VTC), or by telephone. At the hearing, the parties may submit evidence 
(subject to the restrictions in Sec. 405.1018 and Sec. 405.1028), 
examine the evidence used in making the determination under review, and 
present and/or question witnesses.
    (c) In some circumstances, a representative of CMS or its 
contractor, including the QIC, QIO, fiscal intermediary or carrier, may 
participate in or join the hearing as a party. (see Sec. 405.1010 and 
Sec. 405.1012).
    (d) The ALJ issues a decision based on the hearing record.
    (e) If all parties to the hearing waive their right to appear at the 
hearing in

[[Page 166]]

person or by telephone or video-teleconference, the ALJ may make a 
decision based on the evidence that is in the file and any new evidence 
that is submitted for consideration.
    (f) The ALJ may require the parties to participate in a hearing if 
it is necessary to decide the case. If the ALJ determines that it is 
necessary to obtain testimony from a non-party, he or she may hold a 
hearing to obtain that testimony, even if all of the parties have waived 
the right to appear. In that event, however, the ALJ will give the 
parties the opportunity to appear when the testimony is given, but may 
hold the hearing even if none of the parties decide to appear.
    (g) An ALJ may also issue a decision on the record on his or her own 
initiative if the evidence in the hearing record supports a fully 
favorable finding.



Sec. 405.1002  Right to an ALJ hearing.

    (a) A party to a QIC reconsideration may request a hearing before an 
ALJ if--
    (1) The party files a written request for an ALJ hearing within 60 
days after receipt of the notice of the QIC's reconsideration.
    (2) The party meets the amount in controversy requirements of Sec. 
405.1006.
    (3) For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of the 
reconsideration is presumed to be 5 days after the date of the 
reconsideration, unless there is evidence to the contrary.
    (4) For purposes of meeting the 60-day filing deadline, the request 
is considered as filed on the date it is received by the entity 
specified in the QIC's reconsideration.
    (b) A party who files a timely appeal before a QIC and whose appeal 
continues to be pending before a QIC at the end of the period described 
in Sec. 405.970 has a right to a hearing before an ALJ if--
    (1) The party files a written request with the QIC to escalate the 
appeal to the ALJ level after the period described in Sec. 405.970(a) 
and (b) has expired and the party files the request in accordance with 
Sec. 405.970(d);
    (2) The QIC does not issue a final action within 5 days of receiving 
the request for escalation in accordance with Sec. 405.970(e)(2); and
    (3) The party has an amount remaining in controversy specified in 
Sec. 405.1006.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1004  Right to ALJ review of QIC notice of dismissal.

    (a) A party to a QIC's dismissal of a request for reconsideration 
has a right to have the dismissal reviewed by an ALJ if--
    (1) The party files a written request for an ALJ review within 60 
days after receipt of the notice of the QIC's dismissal.
    (2) The party meets the amount in controversy requirements of Sec. 
405.1006.
    (3) For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of the QIC's 
dismissal is presumed to be 5 days after the date of the dismissal 
notice, unless there is evidence to the contrary.
    (4) For purposes of meeting the 60-day filing deadline, the request 
is considered as filed on the date it is received by the entity 
specified in the QIC's dismissal.
    (b) If the ALJ determines that the QIC's dismissal was in error, he 
or she vacates the dismissal and remands the case to the QIC for a 
reconsideration.
    (c) An ALJ's decision regarding a QIC's dismissal of a 
reconsideration request is final and not subject to further review.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1006  Amount in controversy required to request an ALJ hearing and 
judicial review.

    (a) Definitions. For the purposes of aggregating claims to meet the 
amount in controversy requirement for an ALJ hearing or judicial review:
    (1) ``Common issues of law and fact'' means the claims sought to be 
aggregated are denied, or payment is reduced, for similar reasons and 
arise from a similar fact pattern material to the reason the claims are 
denied or payment is reduced.
    (2) ``Delivery of similar or related services'' means like or 
coordinated services or items provided to one or more beneficiaries.

[[Page 167]]

    (b) ALJ review. To be entitled to a hearing before an ALJ, the party 
must meet the amount in controversy requirements of this section.
    (1) For ALJ hearing requests, the required amount remaining in 
controversy must be $100 increased by the percentage increase in the 
medical care component of the consumer price index for all urban 
consumers (U.S. city average) as measured from July 2003 to the July 
preceding the current year involved.
    (2) If the figure in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is not a 
multiple of $10, then it is rounded to the nearest multiple of $10. The 
Secretary will publish changes to the amount in controversy requirement 
in the Federal Register when necessary.
    (c) Judicial review. To be entitled to judicial review, a party must 
meet the amount in controversy requirements of this subpart at the time 
it requests judicial review.
    (1) For review requests, the required amount remaining in 
controversy must be $1,000 or more, adjusted as specified in paragraphs 
(b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (d) Calculating the amount remaining in controversy. (1) The amount 
remaining in controversy is computed as the actual amount charged the 
individual for the items and services in question, reduced by--
    (i) Any Medicare payments already made or awarded for the items or 
services; and
    (ii) Any deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the 
particular case.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(1) of this section, when payment 
is made for items or services under section 1879 of the Act or Sec. 
411.400 of this chapter, or the liability of the beneficiary for those 
services is limited under Sec. 411.402 of this chapter, the amount in 
controversy is computed as the amount that the beneficiary would have 
been charged for the items or services in question if those expenses 
were not paid under Sec. 411.400 of this chapter or if that liability 
was not limited under Sec. 411.402 of this chapter, reduced by any 
deductible and coinsurance amounts applicable in the particular case.
    (e) Aggregating claims to meet the amount in controversy--
    (1) Appealing QIC reconsiderations to the ALJ level. Either an 
individual appellant or multiple appellants may aggregate two or more 
claims to meet the amount in controversy for an ALJ hearing if--
    (i) The claims were previously reconsidered by a QIC;
    (ii) The request for ALJ hearing lists all of the claims to be 
aggregated and is filed within 60 days after receipt of all of the 
reconsiderations being appealed; and
    (iii) The ALJ determines that the claims that a single appellant 
seeks to aggregate involve the delivery of similar or related services, 
or the claims that multiple appellants seek to aggregate involve common 
issues of law and fact. Part A and Part B claims may be combined to meet 
the amount in controversy requirements.
    (2) Aggregating claims that are escalated from the QIC level to the 
ALJ level. Either an individual appellant or multiple appellants may 
aggregate two or more claims to meet the amount in controversy for an 
ALJ hearing if--
    (i) The claims were pending before the QIC in conjunction with the 
same request for reconsideration;
    (ii) The appellant(s) requests aggregation of the claims to the ALJ 
level in the same request for escalation; and
    (iii) The ALJ determines that the claims that a single appellant 
seeks to aggregate involve the delivery of similar or related services, 
or the claims that multiple appellants seek to aggregate involve common 
issues of law and fact. Part A and Part B claims may be combined to meet 
the amount in controversy requirements.
    (f) Content of request for aggregation. When an appellant(s) seeks 
to aggregate claims in a request for an ALJ hearing, the appellant(s) 
must--
    (1) Specify all of the claims the appellant(s) seeks to aggregate; 
and
    (2) State why the appellant(s) believes that the claims involve 
common issues of law and fact or delivery of similar or related 
services.



Sec. 405.1008  Parties to an ALJ hearing.

    (a) Who may request a hearing. Any party to the QIC's 
reconsideration may

[[Page 168]]

request a hearing before an ALJ. However, only the appellant (that is, 
the party that filed and maintained the request for reconsideration by a 
QIC) may request that the appeal be escalated to the ALJ level if the 
QIC does not complete its action within the time frame described in 
Sec. 405.970.
    (b) Who are parties to the ALJ hearing. The party who filed the 
request for hearing and all other parties to the reconsideration are 
parties to the ALJ hearing. In addition, a representative of CMS or its 
contractor may be a party under the circumstances described in Sec. 
405.1012.



Sec. 405.1010  When CMS or its contractors may participate in an ALJ hearing.

    (a) An ALJ may request, but may not require, CMS and/or one or more 
of its contractors, to participate in any proceedings before the ALJ, 
including the oral hearing, if any. CMS and/or one or more of its 
contractors, including a QIC, may also elect to participate in the 
hearing process.
    (b) If CMS or one or more of its contractors elects to participate, 
it advises the ALJ, the appellant, and all other parties identified in 
the notice of hearing of its intent to participate no later than 10 days 
after receiving the notice of hearing.
    (c) Participation may include filing position papers or providing 
testimony to clarify factual or policy issues in a case, but it does not 
include calling witnesses or cross-examining the witnesses of a party to 
the hearing.
    (d) When CMS or its contractor participates in an ALJ hearing, the 
agency or its contractor may not be called as a witness during the 
hearing.
    (e) CMS or its contractor must submit any position papers within the 
time frame designated by the ALJ.
    (f) The ALJ cannot draw any adverse inferences if CMS or a 
contractor decides not to participate in any proceedings before an ALJ, 
including the hearing.



Sec. 405.1012  When CMS or its contractors may be a party to a hearing.

    (a) CMS and/or one or more of its contractors, including a QIC, may 
be a party to an ALJ hearing unless the request for hearing is filed by 
an unrepresented beneficiary.
    (b) CMS and/or the contractor(s) advises the ALJ, appellant, and all 
other parties identified in the notice of hearing that it intends to 
participate as a party no later than 10 days after receiving the notice 
of hearing.
    (c) When CMS or one or more of its contractors participate in a 
hearing as a party, it may file position papers, provide testimony to 
clarify factual or policy issues, call witnesses or cross-examine the 
witnesses of other parties. CMS or its contractor(s) will submit any 
position papers within the time frame specified by the ALJ. CMS or its 
contractor(s), when acting as parties, may also submit additional 
evidence to the ALJ within the time frame designated by the ALJ.
    (d) The ALJ may not require CMS or a contractor to enter a case as a 
party or draw any adverse inferences if CMS or a contractor decides not 
to enter as a party.



Sec. 405.1014  Request for an ALJ hearing.

    (a) Content of the request. The request for an ALJ hearing must be 
made in writing. The request must include all of the following--
    (1) The name, address, and Medicare health insurance claim number of 
the beneficiary whose claim is being appealed.
    (2) The name and address of the appellant, when the appellant is not 
the beneficiary.
    (3) The name and address of the designated representatives if any.
    (4) The document control number assigned to the appeal by the QIC, 
if any.
    (5) The dates of service.
    (6) The reasons the appellant disagrees with the QIC's 
reconsideration or other determination being appealed.
    (7) A statement of any additional evidence to be submitted and the 
date it will be submitted.
    (b) When and where to file. The request for an ALJ hearing after a 
QIC reconsideration must be filed--
    (1) Within 60 days from the date the party receives notice of the 
QIC's reconsideration;
    (2) With the entity specified in the QIC's reconsideration. The 
appellant must also send a copy of the request

[[Page 169]]

for hearing to the other parties. Failure to do so will toll the ALJ's 
90-day adjudication deadline until all parties to the QIC 
reconsideration receive notice of the requested ALJ hearing. If the 
request for hearing is timely filed with an entity other than the entity 
specified in the QIC's reconsideration, the deadline specified in Sec. 
405.1016 for deciding the appeal begins on the date the entity specified 
in the QIC's reconsideration receives the request for hearing. If the 
request for hearing is filed with an entity, other than the entity 
specified in the QIC's reconsideration, the ALJ hearing office must 
notify the appellant of the date of receipt of the request and the 
commencement of the 90-day adjudication time frame.
    (c) Extension of time to request a hearing. (1) If the request for 
hearing is not filed within 60 calendar days of receipt of the QIC's 
reconsideration, an appellant may request an extension for good cause 
(See Sec. Sec. 405.942(b)(2) and 405.942(b)(3)).
    (2) Any request for an extension of time must be in writing, give 
the reasons why the request for a hearing was not filed within the 
stated time period, and must be filed with the entity specified in the 
notice of reconsideration.
    (3) If the ALJ finds there is good cause for missing the deadline, 
the time period for filing the hearing request will be extended. To 
determine whether good cause for late filing exists, the ALJ uses the 
standards set forth in Sec. 405.942(b)(2) and Sec. 405.942(b)(3).
    (4) If a request for hearing is not timely filed, the adjudication 
period in Sec. 405.1016 begins the date the ALJ grants the request to 
extend the filing deadline.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1016  Time frames for deciding an appeal before an ALJ.

    (a) When a request for an ALJ hearing is filed after a QIC has 
issued a reconsideration, the ALJ must issue a decision, dismissal 
order, or remand to the QIC, as appropriate, no later than the end of 
the 90-day period beginning on the date the request for hearing is 
received by the entity specified in the QIC's notice of reconsideration, 
unless the 90-day period has been extended as provided in this subpart.
    (b) The adjudication period specified in paragraph (a) of this 
section begins on the date that a timely filed request for hearing is 
received by the entity specified in the QIC's reconsideration, or, if it 
is not timely filed, the date that the ALJ grants any extension to the 
filing deadline.
    (c) When an appeal is escalated to the ALJ level because the QIC has 
not issued a reconsideration determination within the period specified 
in Sec. 405.970, the ALJ must issue a decision, dismissal order, or 
remand to the QIC, as appropriate, no later than the end of the 180-day 
period beginning on the date that the request for escalation is received 
by the ALJ hearing office, unless the 180-day period is extended as 
provided in this subpart.
    (d) When CMS or its contractor is a party to an ALJ hearing and a 
party requests discovery under Sec. 405.1037 against another party to 
the hearing, the adjudication periods discussed in paragraphs (a) and 
(c) of this section are tolled.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37703, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1018  Submitting evidence before the ALJ hearing.

    (a) Except as provided in this section, parties must submit all 
written evidence they wish to have considered at the hearing with the 
request for hearing (or within 10 days of receiving the notice of 
hearing).
    (b) If a party submits written evidence later than 10 days after 
receiving the notice of hearing, the period between the time the 
evidence was required to have been submitted and the time it is received 
is not counted toward the adjudication deadline specified in Sec. 
405.1016.
    (c) Any evidence submitted by a provider, supplier, or beneficiary 
represented by a provider or supplier that is not submitted prior to the 
issuance of the QIC's reconsideration determination must be accompanied 
by a statement explaining why the evidence was not previously submitted 
to the QIC, or a prior decision-maker (see Sec. 405.1028).
    (d) The requirements of this section do not apply to oral testimony 
given at

[[Page 170]]

a hearing, or to evidence submitted by an unrepresented beneficiary.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1020  Time and place for a hearing before an ALJ.

    (a) General. The ALJ sets the time and place for the hearing, and 
may change the time and place, if necessary.
    (b) Determining how appearances are made. The ALJ will direct that 
the appearance of an individual be conducted by videoteleconferencing 
(VTC) if the ALJ finds that VTC technology is available to conduct the 
appearance. The ALJ may also offer to conduct a hearing by telephone if 
the request for hearing or administrative record suggests that a 
telephone hearing may be more convenient for one or more of the parties. 
The ALJ, with the concurrence of the Managing Field Office ALJ, may 
determine that an in-person hearing should be conducted if--
    (1) VTC technology is not available; or
    (2) Special or extraordinary circumstances exist.
    (c) Notice of hearing. (1) The ALJ sends a notice of hearing to all 
parties that filed an appeal or participated in the reconsideration, any 
party who was found liable for the services at issue subsequent to the 
initial determination, the contractor that issued the initial 
determination, and the QIC that issued the reconsideration, advising 
them of the proposed time and place of the hearing.
    (2) The notice of hearing will require all parties to the ALJ 
hearing (and any potential participant from CMS or its contractor who 
wishes to attend the hearing) to reply to the notice by:
    (i) Acknowledging whether they plan to attend the hearing at the 
time and place proposed in the notice of hearing; or
    (ii) Objecting to the proposed time and/or place of the hearing.
    (d) A party's right to waive a hearing. A party may also waive the 
right to a hearing and request that the ALJ issue a decision based on 
the written evidence in the record. As provided in Sec. 405.1000, the 
ALJ may require the parties to attend a hearing if it is necessary to 
decide the case. If the ALJ determines that it is necessary to obtain 
testimony from a non-party, he or she may still hold a hearing to obtain 
that testimony, even if all of the parties have waived the right to 
appear. In those cases, the ALJ will give the parties the opportunity to 
appear when the testimony is given but may hold the hearing even if none 
of the parties decide to appear.
    (e) A party's objection to time and place of hearing. (1) If a party 
objects to the time and place of the hearing, the party must notify the 
ALJ at the earliest possible opportunity before the time set for the 
hearing.
    (2) The party must state the reason for the objection and state the 
time and place he or she wants the hearing to be held.
    (3) The request must be in writing.
    (4) The ALJ may change the time or place of the hearing if the party 
has good cause. (Section 405.1052(a)(2) provides the procedures the ALJ 
follows when a party does not respond to a notice of hearing and fails 
to appear at the time and place of the hearing.)
    (f) Good cause for changing the time or place. The ALJ can find good 
cause for changing the time or place of the scheduled hearing and 
reschedule the hearing if the information available to the ALJ supports 
the party's contention that--
    (1) The party or his or her representative is unable to attend or to 
travel to the scheduled hearing because of a serious physical or mental 
condition, incapacitating injury, or death in the family; or
    (2) Severe weather conditions make it impossible to travel to the 
hearing; or
    (3) Good cause exists as set forth in paragraph (g) of this section.
    (g) Good cause in other circumstances. (1) In determining whether 
good cause exists in circumstances other than those set forth in 
paragraph (f) of this section, the ALJ considers the party's reason for 
requesting the change, the facts supporting the request, and the impact 
of the proposed change on the efficient administration of the hearing 
process.
    (2) Factors evaluated to determine the impact of the change include, 
but

[[Page 171]]

are not limited to, the effect on processing other scheduled hearings, 
potential delays in rescheduling the hearing, and whether any prior 
changes were granted the party.
    (3) Examples of other circumstances a party might give for 
requesting a change in the time or place of the hearing include, but are 
not limited to, the following:
    (i) The party has attempted to obtain a representative but needs 
additional time.
    (ii) The party's representative was appointed within 10 days of the 
scheduled hearing and needs additional time to prepare for the hearing.
    (iii) The party's representative has a prior commitment to be in 
court or at another administrative hearing on the date scheduled for the 
hearing.
    (iv) A witness who will testify to facts material to a party's case 
is unavailable to attend the scheduled hearing and the evidence cannot 
be otherwise obtained.
    (v) Transportation is not readily available for a party to travel to 
the hearing.
    (vi) The party is unrepresented, and is unable to respond to the 
notice of hearing because of any physical, mental, educational, or 
linguistic limitations (including any lack of facility with the English 
language) that he or she has.
    (h) Effect of rescheduling hearing. If a hearing is postponed at the 
request of the appellant for any of the above reasons, the time between 
the originally scheduled hearing date and the new hearing date is not 
counted toward the adjudication deadline specified in Sec. 405.1016.
    (i) A party's request for an in-person hearing. (1) If a party 
objects to a VTC hearing or to the ALJ's offer to conduct a hearing by 
telephone, the party must notify the ALJ at the earliest possible 
opportunity before the time set for the hearing and request an in-person 
hearing.
    (2) The party must state the reason for the objection and state the 
time or place he or she wants the hearing to be held.
    (3) The request must be in writing.
    (4) When a party's request for an in-person hearing is granted, the 
party is deemed to have waived the 90-day time frame specified in Sec. 
405.1016.
    (5) The ALJ may grant the request, with the concurrence of the 
Managing Field Office ALJ, upon a finding of good cause and will 
reschedule the hearing for a time and place when the party may appear in 
person before the ALJ.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1022  Notice of a hearing before an ALJ.

    (a) Issuing the notice. After the ALJ sets the time and place of the 
hearing, notice of the hearing will be mailed to the parties and other 
potential participants, as provided in Sec. 405.1020(c) at their last 
known addresses, or given by personal service, unless the parties have 
indicated in writing that they do not wish to receive this notice. The 
notice is mailed or served at least 20 days before the hearing.
    (b) Notice information. (1) The notice of hearing contains a 
statement of the specific issues to be decided and will inform the 
parties that they may designate a person to represent them during the 
proceedings.
    (2) The notice must include an explanation of the procedures for 
requesting a change in the time or place of the hearing, a reminder 
that, if the appellant fails to appear at the scheduled hearing without 
good cause, the ALJ may dismiss the hearing request, and other 
information about the scheduling and conduct of the hearing.
    (3) The appellant will also be told if his or her appearance or that 
of any other party or witness is scheduled by VTC, telephone, or in 
person. If the ALJ has scheduled the appellant or other party to appear 
at the hearing by VTC, the notice of hearing will advise that the 
scheduled place for the hearing is a VTC site and explain what it means 
to appear at the hearing by VTC.
    (4) The notice advises the appellant or other parties that if they 
object to appearing by VTC or telephone, and wish instead to have their 
hearing at a time and place where they may appear in person before the 
ALJ, they must follow the procedures set forth at Sec. 405.1020(i) for 
notifying the ALJ of

[[Page 172]]

their objections and for requesting an in-person hearing.
    (c) Acknowledging the notice of hearing. (1) If the appellant, any 
other party to the reconsideration, or their representative does not 
acknowledge receipt of the notice of hearing, the ALJ hearing office 
attempts to contact the party for an explanation.
    (2) If the party states that he or she did not receive the notice of 
hearing, an amended notice is sent to him or her by certified mail or e-
mail, if available. (See Sec. 405.1052 for the procedures the ALJ 
follows in deciding if the time or place of a scheduled hearing will be 
changed if a party does not respond to the notice of hearing).



Sec. 405.1024  Objections to the issues.

    (a) If a party objects to the issues described in the notice of 
hearing, he or she must notify the ALJ in writing at the earliest 
possible opportunity before the time set for the hearing, and no later 
than 5 days before the hearing.
    (b) The party must state the reasons for his or her objections and 
send a copy of the objections to all other parties to the appeal.
    (c) The ALJ makes a decision on the objections either in writing or 
at the hearing.



Sec. 405.1026  Disqualification of the ALJ.

    (a) An ALJ cannot conduct a hearing if he or she is prejudiced or 
partial to any party or has any interest in the matter pending for 
decision.
    (b) If a party objects to the ALJ who will conduct the hearing, the 
party must notify the ALJ within 10 calendar days of the date of the 
notice of hearing. The ALJ considers the party's objections and decides 
whether to proceed with the hearing or withdraw.
    (c) If the ALJ withdraws, another ALJ will be appointed to conduct 
the hearing. If the ALJ does not withdraw, the party may, after the ALJ 
has issued an action in the case, present his or her objections to the 
MAC in accordance with Sec. 405.1100 et seq. The MAC will then consider 
whether the hearing decision should be revised or a new hearing held 
before another ALJ. If the case is escalated to the MAC after a hearing 
is held but before the ALJ issues a decision, the MAC considers the 
reasons the party objected to the ALJ during its review of the case and, 
if the MAC deems it necessary, may remand the case to another ALJ for a 
hearing and decision.



Sec. 405.1028  Prehearing case review of evidence submitted to the ALJ.

    (a) Examination of any new evidence. After a hearing is requested 
but before it is held, the ALJ will examine any new evidence submitted 
with the request for hearing (or within 10 days of receiving the notice 
of hearing) as specified in Sec. 405.1018, by a provider, supplier, or 
beneficiary represented by a provider or supplier to determine whether 
the provider, supplier, or beneficiary represented by a provider or 
supplier had good cause for submitting the evidence for the first time 
at the ALJ level.
    (b) Determining if good cause exists. An ALJ finds good cause, for 
example, when the new evidence is material to an issue addressed in the 
QIC's reconsideration and that issue was not identified as a material 
issue prior to the QIC's reconsideration.
    (c) If good cause does not exist. If the ALJ determines that there 
was not good cause for submitting the evidence for the first time at the 
ALJ level, the ALJ must exclude the evidence from the proceeding and may 
not consider it in reaching a decision.
    (d) Notification to all parties. As soon as possible, but no later 
than the start of the hearing, the ALJ must notify all parties that the 
evidence is excluded from the hearing.



Sec. 405.1030  ALJ hearing procedures.

    (a) General rule. A hearing is open to the parties and to other 
persons the ALJ considers necessary and proper.
    (b) At the hearing. At the hearing, the ALJ fully examines the 
issues, questions the parties and other witnesses, and may accept 
documents that are material to the issues consistent with Sec. 405.1018 
and Sec. 405.1028.
    (c) Missing evidence. The ALJ may also stop the hearing temporarily 
and continue it at a later date if he or she believes that there is 
material evidence missing at the hearing. If the missing evidence is in 
the possession of the appellant, and the appellant is a provider,

[[Page 173]]

supplier, or a beneficiary represented by a provider or supplier, the 
ALJ must determine if the appellant had good cause for not producing the 
evidence earlier.
    (d) Good cause exists. If good cause exists, the ALJ considers the 
evidence in deciding the case and the adjudication period specified in 
Sec. 405.1016 is tolled from the date of the hearing to the date the 
evidence is submitted.
    (e) Good cause does not exist. If the ALJ determines that there was 
not good cause for not submitting the evidence sooner, the evidence is 
excluded.
    (f) Reopen the hearing. The ALJ may also reopen the hearing at any 
time before he or she mails a notice of the decision in order to receive 
new and material evidence pursuant to Sec. 405.986. The ALJ may decide 
when the evidence is presented and when the issues are discussed.



Sec. 405.1032  Issues before an ALJ.

    (a) General rule. The issues before the ALJ include all the issues 
brought out in the initial determination, redetermination, or 
reconsideration that were not decided entirely in a party's favor. (For 
purposes of this provision, the term ``party'' does not include a 
representative of CMS or one of its contractors that may be 
participating in the hearing.) However, if evidence presented before the 
hearing causes the ALJ to question a favorable portion of the 
determination, he or she notifies the parties before the hearing and may 
consider it an issue at the hearing.
    (b) New issues--(1) General. The ALJ may consider a new issue at the 
hearing if he or she notifies all of the parties about the new issue any 
time before the start of the hearing. The new issue may include issues 
resulting from the participation of CMS at the ALJ level of adjudication 
and from any evidence and position papers submitted by CMS for the first 
time to the ALJ. The ALJ or any party may raise a new issue; however, 
the ALJ may only consider a new issue if its resolution--
    (i) Could have a material impact on the claim or claims that are the 
subject of the request for hearing; and
    (ii) Is permissible under the rules governing reopening of 
determinations and decisions (see Sec. 405.980).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) Adding claims to a pending appeal. An ALJ cannot add any claim, 
including one that is related to an issue that is appropriately before 
an ALJ, to a pending appeal unless it has been adjudicated at the lower 
appeals levels and all parties are notified of the new issue(s) before 
the start of the hearing.



Sec. 405.1034  When an ALJ may remand a case to the QIC.

    (a) General. If an ALJ believes that the written record is missing 
information that is essential to resolving the issues on appeal and that 
information can be provided only by CMS or its contractors, then the ALJ 
may either:
    (1) Remand the case to the QIC that issued the reconsideration or
    (2) Retain jurisdiction of the case and request that the contractor 
forward the missing information to the appropriate hearing office.
    (b) ALJ remands a case to a QIC. Consistent with Sec. 405.1004 (b), 
the ALJ will remand a case to the appropriate QIC if the ALJ determines 
that a QIC's dismissal of a request for reconsideration was in error.
    (c) Relationship to local and national coverage determination 
appeals process. (1) The ALJ remands an appeal to the QIC that made the 
reconsideration if the appellant is entitled to relief pursuant to 42 
CFR 426.460(b)(1), 426.488(b), or 426.560(b)(1).
    (2) Unless the appellant is entitled to relief pursuant to 42 CFR 
426.460(b)(1), 426.488(b), or 426.560(b)(1), the ALJ applies the LCD or 
NCD in place on the date the item or service was provided.



Sec. 405.1036  Description of an ALJ hearing process.

    (a) The right to appear and present evidence. (1) Any party to a 
hearing has the right to appear before the ALJ to present evidence and 
to state his or her position. A party may appear by video-
teleconferencing (VTC), telephone, or in person as determined under 
Sec. 405.1020.
    (2) A party may also make his or her appearance by means of a 
representative, who may make the appearance by VTC, telephone, or in 
person, as determined under Sec. 405.1020.

[[Page 174]]

    (3) Witness testimony may be given and CMS participation may also be 
accomplished by VTC, telephone, or in person, as determined under Sec. 
405.1020.
    (b) Waiver of the right to appear. (1) A party may send the ALJ a 
written statement indicating that he or she does not wish to appear at 
the hearing.
    (2) The appellant may subsequently withdraw his or her waiver at any 
time before the notice of the hearing decision is issued; however, by 
withdrawing the waiver the appellant agrees to an extension of the 
adjudication period as specified in Sec. 405.1016 that may be necessary 
to schedule and hold the hearing.
    (3) Other parties may withdraw their waiver up to the date of the 
scheduled hearing, if any. Even if all of the parties waive their right 
to appear at a hearing, the ALJ may require them to attend an oral 
hearing if he or she believes that a personal appearance and testimony 
by the appellant or any other party is necessary to decide the case.
    (c) Presenting written statements and oral arguments. A party or a 
person designated to act as a party's representative may appear before 
the ALJ to state the party's case, to present a written summary of the 
case, or to enter written statements about the facts and law material to 
the case in the record. A copy of any written statements must be 
provided to the other parties to a hearing, if any, at the same time 
they are submitted to the ALJ.
    (d) Waiver of adjudication period. At any time during the hearing 
process, the appellant may waive the adjudication deadline specified in 
Sec. 405.1016 for issuing a hearing decision. The waiver may be for a 
specific period of time agreed upon by the ALJ and the appellant.
    (e) What evidence is admissible at a hearing. The ALJ may receive 
evidence at the hearing even though the evidence is not admissible in 
court under the rules of evidence used by the court.
    (f) Subpoenas. (1) When it is reasonably necessary for the full 
presentation of a case, an ALJ may, on his or her own initiative or at 
the request of a party, issue subpoenas for the appearance and testimony 
of witnesses and for a party to make books, records, correspondence, 
papers, or other documents that are material to an issue at the hearing 
available for inspection and copying.
    (2) A party's written request for a subpoena must--
    (i) Give the names of the witnesses or documents to be produced;
    (ii) Describe the address or location of the witnesses or documents 
with sufficient detail to find them;
    (iii) State the important facts that the witness or document is 
expected to prove; and
    (iv) Indicate why these facts cannot be proven without issuing a 
subpoena.
    (3) Parties to a hearing who wish to subpoena documents or witnesses 
must file a written request for the issuance of a subpoena with the 
requirements set out in paragraph (f)(2) of this section with the ALJ 
within 10 calendar days of receipt of the notice of hearing.
    (4) Where a party has requested a subpoena, a subpoena will be 
issued only where a party--
    (i) Has sought discovery;
    (ii) Has filed a motion to compel;
    (iii) Has had that motion granted by the ALJ; and
    (iv) Nevertheless, has not received the requested discovery.
    (5) Reviewability of subpoena rulings--
    (i) General rule. An ALJ ruling on a subpoena request is not subject 
to immediate review by the MAC. The ruling may be reviewed solely during 
the course of the MAC's review specified in Sec. 405.1102, Sec. 
405.1104, or Sec. 405.1110, as applicable. Exception. To the extent a 
subpoena compels disclosure of a matter for which an objection based on 
privilege, or other protection from disclosure such as case preparation, 
confidentiality, or undue burden, was made before an ALJ, the MAC may 
review immediately the subpoena or that portion of the subpoena as 
applicable.
    (ii) Where CMS objects to a discovery ruling, the MAC must take 
review and the discovery ruling at issue is automatically stayed pending 
the MAC's order.

[[Page 175]]

    (iii) Upon notice to the ALJ that a party or non-party, as 
applicable, intends to seek MAC review of the subpoena, the ALJ must 
stay all proceedings affected by the subpoena.
    (iv) The ALJ determines the length of the stay under the 
circumstances of a given case, but in no event is the stay less than 15 
days beginning after the day on which the ALJ received notice of the 
party or non-party's intent to seek MAC review.
    (v) If the MAC grants a request for review of the subpoena, the 
subpoena or portion of the subpoena, as applicable, is stayed until the 
MAC issues a written decision that affirms, reverses, or modifies the 
ALJ's action on the subpoena.
    (vi) If the MAC does not grant review or take own motion review 
within the time allotted for the stay, the stay is lifted and the ALJ's 
action stands.
    (6) Enforcement. (i) If the ALJ determines, whether on his or her 
own motion or at the request of a party, that a party or non-party 
subject to a subpoena issued under this section has refused to comply 
with the subpoena, the ALJ may request the Secretary to seek enforcement 
of the subpoena in accordance with section 205(e) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 
405(e).
    (ii) Any enforcement request by an ALJ must consist of a written 
notice to the Secretary describing in detail the ALJ's findings of 
noncompliance and his or her specific request for enforcement, and 
providing a copy of the subpoena and evidence of its receipt by 
certified mail by the party or nonparty subject to the subpoena.
    (iii) The ALJ must promptly mail a copy of the notice and related 
documents to the party subject to the subpoena, and to any other party 
and affected non-party to the appeal.
    (g) Witnesses at a hearing. Witnesses may appear at a hearing. They 
testify under oath or affirmation, unless the ALJ finds an important 
reason to excuse them from taking an oath or affirmation. The ALJ may 
ask the witnesses any questions relevant to the issues and allows the 
parties or their designated representatives to do so.



Sec. 405.1037  Discovery.

    (a) General rules. (1) Discovery is permissible only when CMS or its 
contractor elects to participate in an ALJ hearing as a party.
    (2) The ALJ may permit discovery of a matter that is relevant to the 
specific subject matter of the ALJ hearing, provided the matter is not 
privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and the ALJ determines 
that the discovery request is not unreasonable, unduly burdensome or 
expensive, or otherwise inappropriate.
    (3) Any discovery initiated by a party must comply with all 
requirements and limitations of this section, along with any further 
requirements or limitations ordered by the ALJ.
    (b) Limitations on discovery. Any discovery before the ALJ is 
limited.
    (1) A party may request of another party the reasonable production 
of documents for inspection and copying.
    (2) A party may not take the deposition, upon oral or written 
examination, of another party unless the proposed deponent agrees to the 
deposition or the ALJ finds that the proposed deposition is necessary 
and appropriate in order to secure the deponent's testimony for an ALJ 
hearing.
    (3) A party may not request admissions or send interrogatories or 
take any other form of discovery not permitted under this section.
    (c) Time limits. (1) A party's discovery request is timely if the 
date of receipt of a request by another party is no later than the date 
specified by the ALJ.
    (2) A party may not conduct discovery any later than the date 
specified by the ALJ.
    (3) Before ruling on a request to extend the time for requesting 
discovery or for conducting discovery, the ALJ must give the other 
parties to the appeal a reasonable period to respond to the extension 
request.
    (4) The ALJ may extend the time in which to request discovery or 
conduct discovery only if the requesting party establishes that it was 
not dilatory or otherwise at fault in not meeting the original discovery 
deadline.

[[Page 176]]

    (5) If the ALJ grants the extension request, it must impose a new 
discovery deadline and, if necessary, reschedule the hearing date so 
that all discoveries end no later than 45 days before the hearing.
    (d) Motions to compel or for protective order. (1) Each party is 
required to make a good faith effort to resolve or narrow any discovery 
dispute.
    (2) A party may submit to the ALJ a motion to compel discovery that 
is permitted under this section or any ALJ order, and a party may submit 
a motion for a protective order regarding any discovery request to the 
ALJ.
    (3) Any motion to compel or for protective order must include a 
self-sworn declaration describing the movant's efforts to resolve or 
narrow the discovery dispute. The declaration must also be included with 
any response to a motion to compel or for protective order.
    (4) The ALJ must decide any motion in accordance with this section 
and any prior discovery ruling in the appeal.
    (5) The ALJ must issue and mail to each party a discovery ruling 
that grants or denies the motion to compel or for protective order in 
whole or in part; if applicable, the discovery ruling must specifically 
identify any part of the disputed discovery request upheld and any part 
rejected, and impose any limits on discovery the ALJ finds necessary and 
appropriate.
    (e) Reviewability of discovery and disclosure rulings--
    (1) General rule. An ALJ discovery ruling, or an ALJ disclosure 
ruling such as one issued at a hearing is not subject to immediate 
review by the MAC. The ruling may be reviewed solely during the course 
of the MAC's review specified in Sec. 405.1100, Sec. 405.1102, Sec. 
405.1104, or Sec. 405.1110, as applicable.
    (2) Exception. To the extent a ruling authorizes discovery or 
disclosure of a matter for which an objection based on privilege, or 
other protection from disclosure such as case preparation, 
confidentiality, or undue burden, was made before the ALJ, the MAC may 
review that portion of the discovery or disclosure ruling immediately.
    (i) Where CMS objects to a discovery ruling, the MAC must take 
review and the discovery ruling at issue is automatically stayed pending 
the MAC's order.
    (ii) Upon notice to the ALJ that a party intends to seek MAC review 
of the ruling, the ALJ must stay all proceedings affected by the ruling.
    (iii) The ALJ determines the length of the stay under the 
circumstances of a given case, but in no event must the length of the 
stay be less than 15 days beginning after the day on which the ALJ 
received notice of the party or non-party's intent to seek MAC review.
    (iv) Where CMS requests the MAC to take review of a discovery ruling 
or where the MAC grants a request, made by a party other than CMS, to 
review a discovery ruling, the ruling is stayed until the time the MAC 
issues a written decision that affirms, reverses, modifies, or remands 
the ALJ's ruling.
    (v) With respect to a request from a party, other than CMS, for 
review of a discovery ruling, if the MAC does not grant review or take 
own motion review within the time allotted for the stay, the stay is 
lifted and the ruling stands.
    (f) Adjudication time frames. If a party requests discovery from 
another party to the ALJ hearing, the ALJ adjudication time frame 
specified in Sec. 405.1016 is tolled until the discovery dispute is 
resolved.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1038  Deciding a case without a hearing before an ALJ.

    (a) Decision wholly favorable. If the evidence in the hearing record 
supports a finding in favor of appellant(s) on every issue, the ALJ may 
issue a hearing decision without giving the parties prior notice and 
without holding a hearing. The notice of the decision informs the 
parties that they have the right to a hearing and a right to examine the 
evidence on which the decision is based.
    (b) Parties do not wish to appear. (1) The ALJ may decide a case on 
the record and not conduct a hearing if--
    (i) All the parties indicate in writing that they do not wish to 
appear before the ALJ at a hearing, including a hearing conducted by 
telephone or videoconferencing, if available; or

[[Page 177]]

    (ii) The appellant lives outside the United States and does not 
inform the ALJ that he or she wants to appear, and there are no other 
parties who wish to appear.
    (2) When a hearing is not held, the decision of the ALJ must refer 
to the evidence in the record on which the decision was based.



Sec. 405.1040  Prehearing and posthearing conferences.

    (a) The ALJ may decide on his or her own, or at the request of any 
party to the hearing, to hold a prehearing or posthearing conference to 
facilitate the hearing or the hearing decision.
    (b) The ALJ informs the parties of the time, place, and purpose of 
the conference at least 7 calendar days before the conference date, 
unless a party indicates in writing that it does not wish to receive a 
written notice of the conference.
    (c) At the conference, the ALJ may consider matters in addition to 
those stated in the notice of hearing, if the parties consent in 
writing. A record of the conference is made.
    (d) The ALJ issues an order stating all agreements and actions 
resulting from the conference. If the parties do not object, the 
agreements and actions become part of the hearing record and are binding 
on all parties.



Sec. 405.1042  The administrative record.

    (a) Creating the record. (1) The ALJ makes a complete record of the 
evidence, including the hearing proceedings, if any.
    (2) The record will include marked as exhibits, the documents used 
in making the decision under review, including, but not limited to, 
claims, medical records, written statements, certificates, reports, 
affidavits, and any other evidence the ALJ admits. In the record, the 
ALJ must also discuss any evidence excluded under Sec. 405.1028 and 
include a justification for excluding the evidence.
    (3) A party may review the record at the hearing, or, if a hearing 
is not held, at any time before the ALJ's notice of decision is issued.
    (4) If a request for review is filed or the case is escalated to the 
MAC, the complete record, including any recording of the hearing, is 
forwarded to the MAC.
    (5) A typed transcription of the hearing is prepared if a party 
seeks judicial review of the case in a Federal district court within the 
stated time period and all other jurisdictional criteria are met, 
unless, upon the Secretary's motion prior to the filing of an answer, 
the court remands the case.
    (b) Requesting and receiving copies of the record. (1) A party may 
request and receive a copy of all or part of the record, including the 
exhibits list, documentary evidence, and a copy of the tape of the oral 
proceedings. The party may be asked to pay the costs of providing these 
items.
    (2) If a party requests all or part of the record from the ALJ and 
an opportunity to comment on the record, the time beginning with the 
ALJ's receipt of the request through the expiration of the time granted 
for the party's response does not count toward the 90-day adjudication 
deadline.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1044  Consolidated hearing before an ALJ.

    (a) A consolidated hearing may be held if one or more of the issues 
to be considered at the hearing are the same issues that are involved in 
another request for hearing or hearings pending before the same ALJ.
    (b) It is within the discretion of the ALJ to grant or deny an 
appellant's request for consolidation. In considering an appellant's 
request, the ALJ may consider factors such as whether the claims at 
issue may be more efficiently decided if the requests for hearing are 
combined. In considering the appellant's request for consolidation, the 
ALJ must take into account the adjudication deadlines for each case and 
may require an appellant to waive the adjudication deadline associated 
with one or more cases if consolidation otherwise prevents the ALJ from 
deciding all of the appeals at issue within their respective deadlines.
    (c) The ALJ may also propose on his or her own motion to consolidate 
two

[[Page 178]]

or more cases in one hearing for administrative efficiency, but may not 
require an appellant to waive the adjudication deadline for any of the 
consolidated cases.
    (d) Before consolidating a hearing, the ALJ must notify CMS of his 
or her intention to do so, and CMS may then elect to participate in the 
consolidated hearing, as a party, by sending written notice to the ALJ 
within 10 days after receipt of the ALJ's notice of the consolidation.
    (e) If the ALJ decides to hold a consolidated hearing, he or she may 
make either a consolidated decision and record or a separate decision 
and record on each claim. The ALJ ensures that any evidence that is 
common to all claims and material to the common issue to be decided is 
included in the consolidated record or each individual record, as 
applicable.



Sec. 405.1046  Notice of an ALJ decision.

    (a) General rule. Unless the ALJ dismisses the hearing, the ALJ will 
issue a written decision that gives the findings of fact, conclusions of 
law, and the reasons for the decision. The decision must be based on 
evidence offered at the hearing or otherwise admitted into the record. 
The ALJ mails a copy of the decision to all the parties at their last 
known address, to the QIC that issued the reconsideration determination, 
and to the contractor that issued the initial determination. For 
overpayment cases involving multiple beneficiaries, where there is no 
beneficiary liability, the ALJ may choose to send written notice only to 
the appellant. In the event a payment will be made to a provider or 
supplier in conjunction with this ALJ decision, the contractor must also 
issue a revised electronic or paper remittance advice to that provider 
or supplier.
    (b) Content of the notice. The decision must be written in a manner 
calculated to be understood by a beneficiary and must include--
    (1) The specific reasons for the determination, including, to the 
extent appropriate, a summary of any clinical or scientific evidence 
used in making the determination;
    (2) The procedures for obtaining additional information concerning 
the decision; and
    (3) Notification of the right to appeal the decision to the MAC, 
including instructions on how to initiate an appeal under this section.
    (c) Limitation on decision. When the amount of payment for an item 
or service is an issue before the ALJ, the ALJ may make a finding as to 
the amount of payment due. If the ALJ makes a finding concerning payment 
when the amount of payment was not an issue before the ALJ, the 
contractor may independently determine the payment amount. In either of 
the aforementioned situations, an ALJ's decision is not final for 
purposes of determining the amount of payment due. The amount of payment 
determined by the contractor in effectuating the ALJ's decision is a new 
initial determination under Sec. 405.924.
    (d) Timing of decision. The ALJ issues a decision by the end of the 
90-day period beginning on the date when the request for hearing is 
received by the entity specified in the QIC's reconsideration, unless 
the 90-day period is extended as provided in Sec. 405.1016.
    (e) Recommended decision. An ALJ issues a recommended decision if he 
or she is directed to do so in the MAC's remand order. An ALJ may not 
issue a recommended decision on his or her own motion. The ALJ mails a 
copy of the recommended decision to all the parties at their last known 
address.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1048  The effect of an ALJ's decision.

    The decision of the ALJ is binding on all parties to the hearing 
unless--
    (a) A party to the hearing requests a review of the decision by the 
MAC within the stated time period or the MAC reviews the decision issued 
by an ALJ under the procedures set forth in Sec. 405.1110, and the MAC 
either issues a final action or the appeal is escalated to Federal 
district court under the provisions at Sec. 405.1132 and the Federal 
district court issues a decision.
    (b) The decision is reopened and revised by an ALJ or the MAC under 
the procedures explained in Sec. 405.980;

[[Page 179]]

    (c) The expedited access to judicial review process at Sec. 405.990 
is used;
    (d) The ALJ's decision is a recommended decision directed to the MAC 
and the MAC issues a decision; or
    (e) In a case remanded by a Federal district court, the MAC assumes 
jurisdiction under the procedures in Sec. 405.1138 and the MAC issues a 
decision.



Sec. 405.1050  Removal of a hearing request from an ALJ to the MAC.

    If a request for hearing is pending before an ALJ, the MAC may 
assume responsibility for holding a hearing by requesting that the ALJ 
send the hearing request to it. If the MAC holds a hearing, it conducts 
the hearing according to the rules for hearings before an ALJ. Notice is 
mailed to all parties at their last known address informing them that 
the MAC has assumed responsibility for the case.



Sec. 405.1052  Dismissal of a request for a hearing before an ALJ.

    Dismissal of a request for a hearing is in accordance with the 
following:
    (a) An ALJ dismisses a request for a hearing under any of the 
following conditions:
    (1) At any time before notice of the hearing decision is mailed, if 
only one party requested the hearing and that party asks to withdraw the 
request. This request may be submitted in writing to the ALJ or made 
orally at the hearing. The request for withdrawal must include a clear 
statement that the appellant is withdrawing the request for hearing and 
does not intend to further proceed with the appeal. If an attorney, or 
other legal professional on behalf of a beneficiary or other appellant 
files the request for withdrawal, the ALJ may presume that the 
representative has advised the appellant of the consequences of the 
withdrawal and dismissal.
    (2) Neither the party that requested the hearing nor the party's 
representative appears at the time and place set for the hearing, if--
    (i) The party was notified before the time set for the hearing that 
the request for hearing might be dismissed without further notice for 
failure to appear;
    (ii) The party did not appear at the time and place of hearing and 
does not contact the ALJ hearing office within 10 days and provide good 
cause for not appearing; or
    (iii) The ALJ sends a notice to the party asking why the party did 
not appear; and the party does not respond to the ALJ's notice within 10 
days or does not provide good cause for the failure to appear.
    (iv) In determining whether good cause exists under this paragraph 
(a)(2), the ALJ considers any physical, mental, educational, or 
linguistic limitations (including any lack of facility with the English 
language), that the party may have.
    (3) The person or entity requesting a hearing has no right to it 
under Sec. 405.1002.
    (4) The party did not request a hearing within the stated time 
period and the ALJ has not found good cause for extending the deadline, 
as provided in Sec. 405.1014(c).
    (5) The beneficiary whose claim is being appealed died while the 
request for hearing is pending and all of the following criteria apply:
    (i) The request for hearing was filed by the beneficiary or the 
beneficiary's representative, and the beneficiary's surviving spouse or 
estate has no remaining financial interest in the case. In deciding this 
issue, the ALJ considers if the surviving spouse or estate remains 
liable for the services that were denied or a Medicare contractor held 
the beneficiary liable for subsequent similar services under the 
limitation of liability provisions based on the denial of the services 
at issue.
    (ii) No other individuals or entities that have a financial interest 
in the case wish to pursue an appeal under Sec. 405.1002.
    (iii) No other individual or entity filed a valid and timely request 
for an ALJ hearing in accordance to Sec. 405.1014.
    (6) The ALJ dismisses a hearing request entirely or refuses to 
consider any one or more of the issues because a QIC, an ALJ or the MAC 
has made a previous determination or decision under this subpart about 
the appellant's rights on the same facts and on the same issue(s) or 
claim(s), and this previous determination or decision has

[[Page 180]]

become final by either administrative or judicial action.
    (7) The appellant abandons the request for hearing. An ALJ may 
conclude that an appellant has abandoned a request for hearing when the 
ALJ hearing office attempts to schedule a hearing and is unable to 
contact the appellant after making reasonable efforts to do so.
    (b) Notice of dismissal. The ALJ mails a written notice of the 
dismissal of the hearing request to all parties at their last known 
address. The notice states that there is a right to request that the MAC 
vacate the dismissal action.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1054  Effect of dismissal of a request for a hearing before an ALJ.

    The dismissal of a request for a hearing is binding, unless it is 
vacated by the MAC under Sec. 405.1108(b).

               Applicability of Medicare Coverage Policies



Sec. 405.1060  Applicability of national coverage determinations (NCDs).

    (a) General rule. (1) An NCD is a determination by the Secretary of 
whether a particular item or service is covered nationally under 
Medicare.
    (2) An NCD does not include a determination of what code, if any, is 
assigned to a particular item or service covered under Medicare or a 
determination of the amount of payment made for a particular item or 
service.
    (3) NCDs are made under section 1862(a)(1) of the Act as well as 
under other applicable provisions of the Act.
    (4) An NCD is binding on fiscal intermediaries, carriers, QIOs, 
QICs, ALJs, and the MAC.
    (b) Review by an ALJ. (1) An ALJ may not disregard, set aside, or 
otherwise review an NCD.
    (2) An ALJ may review the facts of a particular case to determine 
whether an NCD applies to a specific claim for benefits and, if so, 
whether the NCD was applied correctly to the claim.
    (c) Review by the MAC. (1) The MAC may not disregard, set aside, or 
otherwise review an NCD for purposes of a section 1869 claim appeal, 
except that the DAB may review NCDs as provided under part 426 of this 
title.
    (2) The MAC may review the facts of a particular case to determine 
whether an NCD applies to a specific claim for benefits and, if so, 
whether the NCD was applied correctly to the claim.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1062  Applicability of local coverage determinations and other 
policies not binding on the ALJ and MAC.

    (a) ALJs and the MAC are not bound by LCDs, LMRPs, or CMS program 
guidance, such as program memoranda and manual instructions, but will 
give substantial deference to these policies if they are applicable to a 
particular case.
    (b) If an ALJ or MAC declines to follow a policy in a particular 
case, the ALJ or MAC decision must explain the reasons why the policy 
was not followed. An ALJ or MAC decision to disregard such policy 
applies only to the specific claim being considered and does not have 
precedential effect.
    (c) An ALJ or MAC may not set aside or review the validity of an 
LMRP or LCD for purposes of a claim appeal. An ALJ or the DAB may review 
or set aside an LCD (or any part of an LMRP that constitutes an LCD) in 
accordance with part 426 of this title.



Sec. 405.1063  Applicability of CMS Rulings.

    CMS Rulings are published under the authority of the Administrator, 
CMS. Consistent with Sec. 401.108 of this chapter, rulings are binding 
on all CMS components, on all HHS components that adjudicate matters 
under the jurisdiction of CMS, and on the Social Security Administration 
to the extent that components of the Social Security Administration 
adjudicate matters under the jurisdiction of CMS.



Sec. 405.1064  ALJ decisions involving statistical samples.

    When an appeal from the QIC involves an overpayment issue and the 
QIC used a statistical sample in reaching its reconsideration, the ALJ 
must base his or her decision on a review of

[[Page 181]]

the entire statistical sample used by the QIC.

                     Medicare Appeals Council Review



Sec. 405.1100  Medicare Appeals Council review: General.

    (a) The appellant or any other party to the hearing may request that 
the MAC review an ALJ's decision or dismissal.
    (b) Under circumstances set forth in Sec. 405.1104 and 405.1108, 
the appellant may request that a case be escalated to the MAC for a 
decision even if the ALJ has not issued a decision or dismissal in his 
or her case.
    (c) When the MAC reviews an ALJ's decision, it undertakes a de novo 
review. The MAC issues a final action or remands a case to the ALJ 
within 90 days of receipt of the appellant's request for review, unless 
the 90-day period is extended as provided in this subpart.
    (d) When deciding an appeal that was escalated from the ALJ level to 
the MAC, the MAC will issue a final action or remand the case to the ALJ 
within 180 days of receipt of the appellant's request for escalation, 
unless the 180-day period is extended as provided in this subpart.



Sec. 405.1102  Request for MAC review when ALJ issues decision or dismissal.

    (a)(1) A party to the ALJ hearing may request a MAC review if the 
party files a written request for a MAC review within 60 days after 
receipt of the ALJ's decision or dismissal.
    (2) For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of the ALJ's 
decision or dismissal is presumed to be 5 days after the date of the 
notice of the decision or dismissal, unless there is evidence to the 
contrary.
    (3) The request is considered as filed on the date it is received by 
the entity specified in the notice of the ALJ's action.
    (b) A party requesting a review may ask that the time for filing a 
request for MAC review be extended if--
    (1) The request for an extension of time is in writing;
    (2) It is filed with the MAC; and
    (3) It explains why the request for review was not filed within the 
stated time period. If the MAC finds that there is good cause for 
missing the deadline, the time period will be extended. To determine 
whether good cause exists, the MAC uses the standards outlined at 
Sec. Sec. 405.942(b)(2) and 405.942(b)(3).
    (c) A party does not have the right to seek MAC review of an ALJ's 
remand to a QIC or an ALJ's affirmation of a QIC's dismissal of a 
request for reconsideration.
    (d) For purposes of requesting MAC review (Sec. 405.1100 through 
Sec. 405.1140), unless specifically excepted the term, ``party,'' 
includes CMS where CMS has entered into a case as a party according to 
Sec. 405.1012. The term, ``appellant,'' does not include CMS, where CMS 
has entered into a case as a party according to Sec. 405.1012.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1104  Request for MAC review when an ALJ does not issue a decision 
timely.

    (a) Requesting escalation. An appellant who files a timely request 
for hearing before an ALJ and whose appeal continues to be pending 
before the ALJ at the end of the applicable ALJ adjudication period 
under Sec. 405.1016 may request MAC review if--
    (1) The appellant files a written request with the ALJ to escalate 
the appeal to the MAC after the adjudication period has expired; and
    (2) The ALJ does not issue a final action or remand the case to the 
QIC within the later of 5 days of receiving the request for escalation 
or 5 days from the end of the applicable adjudication period set forth 
in Sec. 405.1016.
    (b) Escalation. (1) If the ALJ is not able to issue a final action 
or remand within the time period set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section, he or she sends notice to the appellant.
    (2) The notice acknowledges receipt of the request for escalation, 
and confirms that the ALJ is not able to issue a final action or remand 
order within the statutory time frame.
    (3) If the ALJ does not act on a request for escalation within the 
time period set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or does not 
send the required

[[Page 182]]

notice to the appellant, the QIC decision becomes a final administrative 
decision for purposes of MAC review.
    (c) No escalation. If the ALJ's adjudication period set forth in 
Sec. 405.1016 expires, the case remains with the ALJ until a final 
action is issued or the appellant requests escalation to the MAC.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1106  Where a request for review or escalation may be filed.

    (a) When a request for a MAC review is filed after an ALJ has issued 
a decision or dismissal, the request for review must be filed with the 
entity specified in the notice of the ALJ's action. The appellant must 
also send a copy of the request for review to the other parties to the 
ALJ decision or dismissal. Failure to copy the other parties tolls the 
MAC's adjudication deadline set forth in Sec. 405.1100 until all 
parties to the hearing receive notice of the request for MAC review. If 
the request for review is timely filed with an entity other than the 
entity specified in the notice of the ALJ's action, the MAC's 
adjudication period to conduct a review begins on the date the request 
for review is received by the entity specified in the notice of the 
ALJ's action. Upon receipt of a request for review from an entity other 
than the entity specified in the notice of the ALJ's action, the MAC 
sends written notice to the appellant of the date of receipt of the 
request and commencement of the adjudication time frame.
    (b) If an appellant files a request to escalate an appeal to the MAC 
level because the ALJ has not completed his or her action on the request 
for hearing within the adjudication deadline under Sec. 405.1016, the 
request for escalation must be filed with both the ALJ and the MAC. The 
appellant must also send a copy of the request for escalation to the 
other parties. Failure to copy the other parties tolls the MAC's 
adjudication deadline set forth in Sec. 405.1100 until all parties to 
the hearing receive notice of the request for MAC review. In a case that 
has been escalated from the ALJ, the MAC's 180-day period to issue a 
final action or remand the case to the ALJ begins on the date the 
request for escalation is received by the MAC.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1108  MAC actions when request for review or escalation is filed.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, 
when a party requests that the MAC review an ALJ's decision, the MAC 
will review the ALJ's decision de novo. The party requesting review does 
not have a right to a hearing before the MAC. The MAC will consider all 
of the evidence in the administrative record. Upon completion of its 
review, the MAC may adopt, modify, or reverse the ALJ's decision or 
remand the case to an ALJ for further proceedings.
    (b) When a party requests that the MAC review an ALJ's dismissal, 
the MAC may deny review or vacate the dismissal and remand the case to 
the ALJ for further proceedings.
    (c) The MAC will dismiss a request for review when the party 
requesting review does not have a right to a review by the MAC, or will 
dismiss the request for a hearing for any reason that the ALJ could have 
dismissed the request for hearing.
    (d) When an appellant requests escalation of a case from the ALJ 
level to the MAC, the MAC may take any of the following actions:
    (1) Issue a decision based on the record constructed at the QIC and 
any additional evidence, including oral testimony, entered in the record 
by the ALJ before the case was escalated.
    (2) Conduct any additional proceedings, including a hearing, that 
the MAC determines are necessary to issue a decision.
    (3) Remand the case to an ALJ for further proceedings, including a 
hearing.
    (4) Dismiss the request for MAC review because the appellant does 
not have the right to escalate the appeal.
    (5) Dismiss the request for a hearing for any reason that the ALJ 
could have dismissed the request.



Sec. 405.1110  MAC reviews on its own motion.

    (a) General rule. The MAC may decide on its own motion to review a 
decision

[[Page 183]]

or dismissal issued by an ALJ. CMS or any of its contractors may refer a 
case to the MAC for it to consider reviewing under this authority 
anytime within 60 days after the date of an ALJ's decision or dismissal.
    (b) Referral of cases. (1) CMS or any of its contractors may refer a 
case to the MAC if, in their view, the decision or dismissal contains an 
error of law material to the outcome of the claim or presents a broad 
policy or procedural issue that may affect the public interest. CMS may 
also request that the MAC take own motion review of a case if--
    (i) CMS or its contractor participated in the appeal at the ALJ 
level; and
    (ii) In CMS' view, the ALJ's decision or dismissal is not supported 
by the preponderance of evidence in the record or the ALJ abused his or 
her discretion.
    (2) CMS's referral to the MAC is made in writing and must be filed 
with the MAC no later than 60 days after the ALJ's decision or dismissal 
is issued. The written referral will state the reasons why CMS believes 
that the MAC must review the case on its own motion. CMS will send a 
copy of its referral to all parties to the ALJ's action and to the ALJ. 
Parties to the ALJ's action may file exceptions to the referral by 
submitting written comments to the MAC within 20 days of the referral 
notice. A party submitting comments to the MAC must send such comments 
to CMS and all other parties to the ALJ's decision.
    (c) Standard of review. (1) Referral by CMS after participation at 
the ALJ level. If CMS or its contractor participated in an appeal at the 
ALJ level, the MAC exercises its own motion authority if there is an 
error of law material to the outcome of the case, an abuse of discretion 
by the ALJ, the decision is not consistent with the preponderance of the 
evidence of record, or there is a broad policy or procedural issue that 
may affect the general public interest. In deciding whether to accept 
review under this standard, the MAC will limit its consideration of the 
ALJ's action to those exceptions raised by CMS.
    (2) Referral by CMS when CMS did not participate in the ALJ 
proceedings or appear as a party. The MAC will accept review if the 
decision or dismissal contains an error of law material to the outcome 
of the case or presents a broad policy or procedural issue that may 
affect the general public interest. In deciding whether to accept 
review, the MAC will limit its consideration of the ALJ's action to 
those exceptions raised by CMS.
    (d) MAC's action. If the MAC decides to review a decision or 
dismissal on its own motion, it will mail the results of its action to 
all the parties to the hearing and to CMS if it is not already a party 
to the hearing. The MAC may adopt, modify, or reverse the decision or 
dismissal, may remand the case to an ALJ for further proceedings or may 
dismiss a hearing request. The MAC must issue its action no later than 
90 days after receipt of the CMS referral, unless the 90-day period has 
been extended as provided in this subpart. The MAC may not, however, 
issue its action before the 20-day comment period has expired, unless it 
determines that the agency's referral does not provide a basis for 
reviewing the case. If the MAC does not act within the applicable 
adjudication deadline, the ALJ's decision or dismissal remains the final 
action in the case.



Sec. 405.1112  Content of request for review.

    (a) The request for MAC review must be filed with the MAC or 
appropriate ALJ hearing office. The request for review must be in 
writing and may be made on a standard form. A written request that is 
not made on a standard form is accepted if it contains the beneficiary's 
name; Medicare health insurance claim number; the specific service(s) or 
item(s) for which the review is requested; the specific date(s) of 
service; the date of the ALJ's final action, if any, if the party is 
requesting escalation from the ALJ to the MAC, the hearing office in 
which the appellant's request for hearing is pending; and the name and 
signature of the party or the representative of the party; and any other 
information CMS may decide.
    (b) The request for review must identify the parts of the ALJ action 
with

[[Page 184]]

which the party requesting review disagrees and explain why he or she 
disagrees with the ALJ's decision, dismissal, or other determination 
being appealed. For example, if the party requesting review believes 
that the ALJ's action is inconsistent with a statute, regulation, CMS 
Ruling, or other authority, the request for review should explain why 
the appellant believes the action is inconsistent with that authority.
    (c) The MAC will limit its review of an ALJ's actions to those 
exceptions raised by the party in the request for review, unless the 
appellant is an unrepresented beneficiary. For purposes of this section 
only, we define a representative as anyone who has accepted an 
appointment as the beneficiary's representative, except a member of the 
beneficiary's family, a legal guardian, or an individual who routinely 
acts on behalf of the beneficiary, such as a family member or friend who 
has a power of attorney.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37704, June 30, 2005]



Sec. 405.1114  Dismissal of request for review.

    The MAC dismisses a request for review if the party requesting 
review did not file the request within the stated period of time and the 
time for filing has not been extended. The MAC also dismisses the 
request for review if--
    (a) The party asks to withdraw the request for review;
    (b) The party does not have a right to request MAC review; or
    (c) The beneficiary whose claim is being appealed died while the 
request for review is pending and all of the following criteria apply:
    (1) The request for review was filed by the beneficiary or the 
beneficiary's representative, and the beneficiary's surviving spouse or 
estate has no remaining financial interest in the case. In deciding this 
issue, the MAC considers whether the surviving spouse or estate remains 
liable for the services that were denied or a Medicare contractor held 
the beneficiary liable for subsequent similar services under the 
limitation of liability provisions based on the denial of the services 
at issue;
    (2) No other individual or entity with a financial interest in the 
case wishes to pursue an appeal under Sec. 405.1102;
    (3) No other party to the ALJ hearing filed a valid and timely 
review request under Sec. 405.1102 and Sec. 405.1112.



Sec. 405.1116  Effect of dismissal of request for MAC review or request for 
hearing.

    The dismissal of a request for MAC review or denial of a request for 
review of a dismissal issued by an ALJ is binding and not subject to 
further review unless reopened and vacated by the MAC. The MAC's 
dismissal of a request for hearing is also binding and not subject to 
judicial review.



Sec. 405.1118  Obtaining evidence from the MAC.

    A party may request and receive a copy of all or part of the record 
of the ALJ hearing, including the exhibits list, documentary evidence, 
and a copy of the tape of the oral proceedings. However, the party may 
be asked to pay the costs of providing these items. If a party requests 
evidence from the MAC and an opportunity to comment on that evidence, 
the time beginning with the MAC's receipt of the request for evidence 
through the expiration of the time granted for the party's response will 
not be counted toward the 90-day adjudication deadline.



Sec. 405.1120  Filing briefs with the MAC.

    Upon request, the MAC will give the party requesting review, as well 
as all other parties, a reasonable opportunity to file briefs or other 
written statements about the facts and law relevant to the case. Any 
party who submits a brief or statement must send a copy to all of the 
other parties. Unless the party requesting review files the brief or 
other statement with the request for review, the time beginning with the 
date of receipt of the request to submit the brief and ending with the 
date the brief is received by the MAC will not be counted toward the 
adjudication timeframe set forth in Sec. 405.1100. The MAC may also 
request, but not require, CMS or its contractor to file a brief or 
position paper if the MAC determines that it is necessary to resolve the 
issues in the case. The MAC will not draw any

[[Page 185]]

adverse inference if CMS or a contractor either participates, or decides 
not to participate in MAC review.



Sec. 405.1122  What evidence may be submitted to the MAC.

    (a) Appeal before the MAC on request for review of ALJ's decision. 
(1) If the MAC is reviewing an ALJ's decision, the MAC limits its review 
of the evidence to the evidence contained in the record of the 
proceedings before the ALJ. However, if the hearing decision decides a 
new issue that the parties were not afforded an opportunity to address 
at the ALJ level, the MAC considers any evidence related to that issue 
that is submitted with the request for review.
    (2) If the MAC determines that additional evidence is needed to 
resolve the issues in the case and the hearing record indicates that the 
previous decision-makers have not attempted to obtain the evidence, the 
MAC may remand the case to an ALJ to obtain the evidence and issue a new 
decision.
    (b) Appeal before MAC as a result of appellant's request for 
escalation. (1) If the MAC is reviewing a case that is escalated from 
the ALJ level to the MAC, the MAC will decide the case based on the 
record constructed at the QIC and any additional evidence, including 
oral testimony, entered in the record by the ALJ before the case was 
escalated.
    (2) If the MAC receives additional evidence with the request for 
escalation that is material to the question to be decided, or determines 
that additional evidence is needed to resolve the issues in the case, 
and the record provided to the MAC indicates that the previous decision-
makers did not attempt to obtain the evidence before escalation, the MAC 
may remand the case to an ALJ to consider or obtain the evidence and 
issue a new decision.
    (c) Evidence related to issues previously considered by the QIC. (1) 
If new evidence related to issues previously considered by the QIC is 
submitted to the MAC by a provider, supplier, or a beneficiary 
represented by a provider or supplier, the MAC must determine if the 
provider, supplier, or the beneficiary represented by a provider or 
supplier had good cause for submitting it for the first time at the MAC 
level.
    (2) If the MAC determines that good cause does not exist, the MAC 
must exclude the evidence from the proceeding, may not consider it in 
reaching a decision, and may not remand the issue to an ALJ.
    (3) The MAC must notify all parties if it excludes the evidence. The 
MAC may remand to an ALJ if--
    (i) The ALJ did not consider the new evidence submitted by the 
provider, supplier, or beneficiary represented by a provider or supplier 
because good cause did not exist; and
    (ii) The MAC finds that good cause existed under Sec. 405.1028 and 
the ALJ should have reviewed the evidence.
    (iii) The new evidence is submitted by a party that is not a 
provider, supplier, or a beneficiary represented by a provider or 
supplier.
    (d) Subpoenas. (1) When it is reasonably necessary for the full 
presentation of a case, the MAC may, on its own initiative or at the 
request of a party, issue subpoenas requiring a party to make books, 
records, correspondence, papers, or other documents that are material to 
an issue at the hearing available for inspection and copying.
    (2) A party's request for a subpoena must--
    (i) Give a sufficient description of the documents to be produced;
    (ii) State the important facts that the documents are expected to 
prove; and
    (iii) Indicate why these facts could not be proven without issuing a 
subpoena.
    (3) A party to the MAC review on escalation that wishes to subpoena 
documents must file a written request that complies with the 
requirements set out in paragraph (d)(2) of this section within 10 
calendar days of the request for escalation.
    (4) A subpoena will issue only where a party--
    (i) Has sought discovery;
    (ii) Has filed a motion to compel;
    (iii) Has had that motion granted; and
    (iv) Nevertheless, has still not received the requested discovery.
    (e) Reviewability of subpoena rulings--

[[Page 186]]

    (1) General rule. A MAC ruling on a subpoena request is not subject 
to immediate review by the Secretary.
    (2) Exception. (i) To the extent a subpoena compels disclosure of a 
matter for which an objection based on privilege, or other protection 
from disclosure such as case preparation, confidentiality, or undue 
burden, was made before the MAC, the Secretary may review immediately 
that subpoena or portion of the subpoena.
    (ii) Upon notice to the MAC that a party or non-party, as 
applicable, intends to seek Secretary review of the subpoena, the MAC 
must stay all proceedings affected by the subpoena.
    (iii) The MAC determines the length of the stay under the 
circumstances of a given case, but in no event is less than 15 days 
after the day on which the MAC received notice of the party or non-
party's intent to seek Secretary review.
    (iv) If the Secretary grants a request for review, the subpoena or 
portion of the subpoena, as applicable, is stayed until the Secretary 
issues a written decision that affirms, reverses, modifies, or remands 
the MAC's action for the subpoena.
    (v) If the Secretary does not grant review or take own motion review 
within the time allotted for the stay, the stay is lifed and the MAC's 
action stands.
    (f) Enforcement. (1) If the MAC determines, whether on its own 
motion or at the request of a party, that a party or non-party subject 
to a subpoena issued under this section has refused to comply with the 
subpoena, the MAC may request the Secretary to seek enforcement of the 
subpoena in accordance with section 205(c) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 405(c).
    (2) Any enforcement request by the MAC must consist of a written 
notice to the Secretary describing in detail the MAC's findings of 
noncompliance and its specific request for enforcement, and providing a 
copy of the subpoena and evidence of its receipt by certified mail by 
the party or nonparty subject to the subpoena.
    (3) The MAC must promptly mail a copy of the notice and related 
documents to the party or non-party subject to the subpoena, and to any 
other party and affected non-party to the appeal.
    (4) If the Secretary does not grant review or take own motion review 
within the time allotted for the stay, the stay is lifted and the 
subpoena stands.



Sec. 405.1124  Oral argument.

    A party may request to appear before the MAC to present oral 
argument.
    (a) The MAC grants a request for oral argument if it decides that 
the case raises an important question of law, policy, or fact that 
cannot be readily decided based on written submissions alone.
    (b) The MAC may decide on its own that oral argument is necessary to 
decide the issues in the case. If the MAC decides to hear oral argument, 
it tells the parties of the time and place of the oral argument at least 
10 days before the scheduled date.
    (c) In case of a previously unrepresented beneficiary, a newly hired 
representative may request an extension of time for preparation of the 
oral argument and the MAC must consider whether the extension is 
reasonable.
    (d) The MAC may also request, but not require, CMS or its contractor 
to appear before it if the MAC determines that it may be helpful in 
resolving the issues in the case.
    (e) The MAC will not draw any inference if CMS or a contractor 
decides not to participate in the oral argument.



Sec. 405.1126  Case remanded by the MAC.

    (a) When the MAC may remand a case. Except as specified in Sec. 
405.1122(c), the MAC may remand a case in which additional evidence is 
needed or additional action by the ALJ is required. The MAC will 
designate in its remand order whether the ALJ will issue a final 
decision or a recommended decision on remand.
    (b) Action by ALJ on remand. The ALJ will take any action that is 
ordered by the MAC and may take any additional action that is not 
inconsistent with the MAC's remand order.
    (c) Notice when case is returned with a recommended decision. When 
the ALJ sends a case to the MAC with a recommended decision, a notice is 
mailed to the parties at their last known address. The notice tells them 
that the

[[Page 187]]

case was sent to the MAC, explains the rules for filing briefs or other 
written statements with the MAC, and includes a copy of the recommended 
decision.
    (d) Filing briefs with the MAC when ALJ issues recommended decision. 
(1) Any party to the recommended decision may file with the MAC briefs 
or other written statements about the facts and law relevant to the case 
within 20 days of the date on the recommended decision. Any party may 
ask the MAC for additional time to file briefs or statements. The MAC 
will extend this period, as appropriate, if the party shows that it has 
good cause for requesting the extension.
    (2) All other rules for filing briefs with and obtaining evidence 
from the MAC follow the procedures explained in this subpart.
    (e) Procedures before the MAC. (1) The MAC, after receiving a 
recommended decision, will conduct proceedings and issue its decision or 
dismissal according to the procedures explained in this subpart.
    (2) If the MAC determines that more evidence is required, it may 
again remand the case to an ALJ for further inquiry into the issues, 
rehearing, receipt of evidence, and another decision or recommended 
decision. However, if the MAC decides that it can get the additional 
evidence more quickly, it will take appropriate action.



Sec. 405.1128  Action of the MAC.

    (a) After it has reviewed all the evidence in the administrative 
record and any additional evidence received, subject to the limitations 
on MAC consideration of additional evidence in Sec. 405.1122, the MAC 
will make a decision or remand the case to an ALJ.
    (b) The MAC may adopt, modify, or reverse the ALJ hearing decision 
or recommended decision.
    (c) The MAC mails a copy of its decision to all the parties at their 
last known addresses. For overpayment cases involving multiple 
beneficiaries where there is no beneficiary liability the MAC may choose 
to send written notice only to the appellant. In the event the decision 
will result in a payment to a provider or supplier, the Medicare 
contractor must issue any electronic or paper remittance advice notice 
to that provider or supplier.



Sec. 405.1130  Effect of the MAC's decision.

    The MAC's decision is binding on all parties unless a Federal 
district court issues a decision modifying the MAC's decision or the 
decision is revised as the result of a reopening in accordance with 
Sec. 405.980. A party may file an action in a Federal district court 
within 60 days after the date it receives notice of the MAC's decision.



Sec. 405.1132  Request for escalation to Federal court.

    (a) If the MAC does not issue a decision or dismissal or remand the 
case to an ALJ within the adjudication period specified in Sec. 
405.1100, or as extended as provided in this subpart, the appellant may 
request that the appeal, other than an appeal of an ALJ dismissal, be 
escalated to Federal district court. Upon receipt of a request for 
escalation, the MAC may--
    (1) Issue a decision or dismissal or remand the case to an ALJ, if 
that action is issued within the latter of 5 calendar days of receipt of 
the request for escalation or 5 calendar days from the end of the 
applicable adjudication time period set forth in Sec. 405.1100; or
    (2) If the MAC is not able to issue a decision or dismissal or 
remand as set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, it will send a 
notice to the appellant acknowledging receipt of the request for 
escalation and confirming that it is not able to issue a decision, 
dismissal or remand order within the statutory time frame.
    (b) A party may file an action in a Federal district court within 60 
days after the date it receives the MAC's notice that the MAC is not 
able to issue a final action or remand unless the party is appealing an 
ALJ dismissal.



Sec. 405.1134  Extension of time to file action in Federal district court.

    (a) Any party to the MAC's decision or to a request for EAJR that 
has been certified by the review entity other than CMS may request that 
the time for filing an action in a Federal district court be extended.
    (b) The request must--
    (1) Be in writing.

[[Page 188]]

    (2) Give the reasons why the action was not filed within the stated 
time period.
    (3) Be filed with the MAC.
    (c) If the party shows that he or she had good cause for missing the 
deadline, the time period will be extended. To determine whether good 
cause exists, the MAC uses the standards specified in Sec. 
405.942(b)(2) or (b)(3).



Sec. 405.1136  Judicial review.

    (a) General rules. (1) To the extent authorized by sections 1869, 
1876(c)(5)(B), and 1879(d) of the Act, a party to a MAC decision, or an 
appellant who requests escalation to Federal district court if the MAC 
does not complete its review of the ALJ's decision within the applicable 
adjudication period, may obtain a court review if the amount remaining 
in controversy satisfies the requirements of Sec. 405.1006(c).
    (2) If the MAC's adjudication period set forth in Sec. 405.1100 
expires and the appellant does not request escalation to Federal 
district court, the case remains with the MAC until a final action is 
issued.
    (b) Court in which to file civil action. (1) Any civil action 
described in paragraph (a) of this section must be filed in the district 
court of the United States for the judicial district in which the party 
resides or where such individual, institution, or agency has its 
principal place of business.
    (2) If the party does not reside within any judicial district, or if 
the individual, institution, or agency does not have its principal place 
of business within any such judicial district, the civil action must be 
filed in the District Court of the United States for the District of 
Columbia.
    (c) Time for filing civil action. (1) Any civil action described in 
paragraph (a) of this section must be filed within the time periods 
specified in Sec. 405.1130, Sec. 405.1132, or Sec. 405.1134, as 
applicable.
    (2) For purposes of this section, the date of receipt of the notice 
of the MAC's decision or the MAC's notice that it is not able to issue a 
decision within the statutory timeframe shall be presumed to be 5 
calendar days after the date of the notice, unless there is a reasonable 
showing to the contrary.
    (3) Where a case is certified for judicial review in accordance with 
the expedited access to judicial review process in Sec. 405.990, the 
civil action must be filed within 60 days after receipt of the review 
entity's certification, except where the time is extended by the ALJ or 
MAC, as applicable, upon a showing of good cause.
    (d) Proper defendant. (1) In any civil action described in paragraph 
(a) of this section, the Secretary of HHS, in his or her official 
capacity, is the proper defendant. Any civil action properly filed shall 
survive notwithstanding any change of the person holding the Office of 
the Secretary of HHS or any vacancy in such office.
    (2) If the complaint is erroneously filed against the United States 
or against any agency, officer, or employee of the United States other 
than the Secretary, the plaintiff will be notified that he or she has 
named an incorrect defendant and is granted 60 days from the date of 
receipt of the notice in which to commence the action against the 
correct defendant, the Secretary.
    (e) Prohibition against judicial review of certain Part B 
regulations or instructions. Under section 1869(e)(1) of the Act, a 
court may not review a regulation or instruction that relates to a 
method of payment under Medicare Part B if the regulation was published, 
or the instructions issued, before January 1, 1991.
    (f) Standard of review. (1) Under section 205(g) of the Act, the 
findings of the Secretary of HHS as to any fact, if supported by 
substantial evidence, are conclusive.
    (2) When the Secretary's decision is adverse to a party due to a 
party's failure to submit proof in conformity with a regulation 
prescribed under section 205(a) of the Act pertaining to the type of 
proof a party must offer to establish entitlement to payment, the court 
will review only whether the proof conforms with the regulation and the 
validity of the regulation.

[70 FR 11472, Mar. 8, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 37705, June 30, 2005]

[[Page 189]]



Sec. 405.1138  Case remanded by a Federal district court.

    When a Federal district court remands a case to the Secretary for 
further consideration, unless the court order specifies otherwise, the 
MAC, acting on behalf of the Secretary, may make a decision, or it may 
remand the case to an ALJ with instructions to take action and either 
issue a decision, take other action, or return the case to the MAC with 
a recommended decision. If the MAC remands a case, the procedures 
specified in Sec. 405.1140 will be followed.



Sec. 405.1140  MAC review of ALJ decision in a case remanded by a Federal 
district court.

    (a) General rules. (1) In accordance with Sec. 405.1138, when a 
case is remanded by a Federal district court for further consideration 
and the MAC remands the case to an ALJ, a decision subsequently issued 
by the ALJ becomes the final decision of the Secretary unless the MAC 
assumes jurisdiction.
    (2) The MAC may assume jurisdiction based on written exceptions to 
the decision of the ALJ that a party files with the MAC or based on its 
authority under paragraph (c) of this section.
    (3) The MAC either makes a new, independent decision based on the 
entire record that will be the final decision of the Secretary after 
remand, or remands the case to an ALJ for further proceedings.
    (b) A party files exceptions disagreeing with the decision of the 
ALJ. (1) If a party disagrees with an ALJ decision described in 
paragraph (a) of this section, in whole or in part, he or she may file 
exceptions to the decision with the MAC. Exceptions may be filed by 
submitting a written statement to the MAC setting forth the reasons for 
disagreeing with the decision of the ALJ. The party must file exceptions 
within 30 days of the date the party receives the decision of the ALJ or 
submit a written request for an extension within the 30-day period. The 
MAC will grant a timely request for a 30-day extension. A request for an 
extension of more than 30 days must include a statement of reasons as to 
why the party needs the additional time and may be granted if the MAC 
finds good cause under the standard established in Sec. 405.942(b)(2) 
or (b)(3).
    (2) If written exceptions are timely filed, the MAC considers the 
party's reasons for disagreeing with the decision of the ALJ. If the MAC 
concludes that there is no reason to change the decision of the ALJ, it 
will issue a notice addressing the exceptions and explaining why no 
change in the decision of the ALJ is warranted. In this instance, the 
decision of the ALJ is the final decision of the Secretary after remand.
    (3) When a party files written exceptions to the decision of the 
ALJ, the MAC may assume jurisdiction at any time. If the MAC assumes 
jurisdiction, it makes a new, independent decision based on its 
consideration of the entire record adopting, modifying, or reversing the 
decision of the ALJ or remanding the case to an ALJ for further 
proceedings, including a new decision. The new decision of the MAC is 
the final decision of the Secretary after remand.
    (c) MAC assumes jurisdiction without exceptions being filed. (1) Any 
time within 60 days after the date of the decision of the ALJ, the MAC 
may decide to assume jurisdiction of the case even though no written 
exceptions have been filed.
    (2) Notice of this action is mailed to all parties at their last 
known address.
    (3) The parties will be provided with the opportunity to file briefs 
or other written statements with the MAC about the facts and law 
relevant to the case.
    (4) After the briefs or other written statements are received or the 
time allowed (usually 30 days) for submitting them has expired, the MAC 
will either issue a final decision of the Secretary affirming, 
modifying, or reversing the decision of the ALJ, or remand the case to 
an ALJ for further proceedings, including a new decision.
    (d) Exceptions are not filed and the MAC does not otherwise assume 
jurisdiction. If no exceptions are filed and the MAC does not assume 
jurisdiction of the cases within 60 days after the date of the ALJ's 
decision, the decision of the ALJ becomes the final decision of the 
Secretary after remand.

[[Page 190]]



  Subpart J_Expedited Determinations and Reconsiderations of Provider 
 Service Terminations, and Procedures for Inpatient Hospital Discharges

    Source: 69 FR 69624, Nov. 26, 2004, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 405.1200  Notifying beneficiaries of provider service terminations.

    (a) Applicability and scope. (1) For purposes of Sec. Sec. 405.1200 
through 405.1204, the term, provider, is defined as a home health agency 
(HHA), skilled nursing facility (SNF), comprehensive outpatient 
rehabilitation facility (CORF), or hospice.
    (2) For purposes of Sec. Sec. 405.1200 through 405.1204, a 
termination of Medicare-covered service is a discharge of a beneficiary 
from a residential provider of services, or a complete cessation of 
coverage at the end of a course of treatment prescribed in a discrete 
increment, regardless of whether the beneficiary agrees that the 
services should end. A termination does not include a reduction in 
services. A termination also does not include the termination of one 
type of service by the provider if the beneficiary continues to receive 
other Medicare-covered services from the provider.
    (b) Advance written notice of service terminations. Before any 
termination of services, the provider of the service must deliver valid 
written notice to the beneficiary of the provider's decision to 
terminate services. The provider must use a standardized notice, as 
specified by CMS, in accordance with the following procedures:
    (1) Timing of notice. A provider must notify the beneficiary of the 
decision to terminate covered services no later than 2 days before the 
proposed end of the services. If the beneficiary's services are expected 
to be fewer than 2 days in duration, the provider must notify the 
beneficiary at the time of admission to the provider. If, in a non-
residential setting, the span of time between services exceeds 2 days, 
the notice must be given no later than the next to last time services 
are furnished.
    (2) Content of the notice. The standardized termination notice must 
include the following information:
    (i) The date that coverage of services ends;
    (ii) The date that the beneficiary's financial liability for 
continued services begins;
    (iii) A description of the beneficiary's right to an expedited 
determination under Sec. 405.1202, including information about how to 
request an expedited determination and about a beneficiary's right to 
submit evidence showing that services must continue;
    (iv) A beneficiary's right to receive the detailed information 
specified under Sec. 405.1202(f); and
    (v) Any other information required by CMS.
    (3) When delivery of the notice is valid. Delivery of the 
termination notice is valid if--
    (i) The beneficiary (or the beneficiary's authorized representative) 
has signed and dated the notice to indicate that he or she has received 
the notice and can comprehend its contents; and
    (ii) The notice is delivered in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section and contains all the elements described in paragraph (b)(2) 
of this section.
    (4) If a beneficiary refuses to sign the notice. The provider may 
annotate its notice to indicate the refusal, and the date of refusal is 
considered the date of receipt of the notice.
    (5) Financial liability for failure to deliver valid notice. A 
provider is financially liable for continued services until 2 days after 
the beneficiary receives valid notice as specified under paragraph 
(b)(3) of this section, or until the service termination date specified 
on the notice, whichever is later. A beneficiary may waive continuation 
of services if he or she agrees with being discharged sooner than the 
planned service termination date.



Sec. 405.1202  Expedited determination procedures.

    (a) Beneficiary's right to an expedited determination by the QIO. A 
beneficiary has a right to an expedited determination by a QIO under the 
following circumstances:

[[Page 191]]

    (1) For services furnished by a non-residential provider, the 
beneficiary disagrees with the provider of those services that services 
should be terminated, and a physician certifies that failure to continue 
the provision of the service(s) may place the beneficiary's health at 
significant risk.
    (2) For services furnished by a residential provider or a hospice, 
the beneficiary disagrees with the provider's decision to discharge the 
beneficiary.
    (b) Requesting an expedited determination. (1) A beneficiary who 
wishes to exercise the right to an expedited determination must submit a 
request for a determination to the QIO in the State in which the 
beneficiary is receiving those provider services, in writing or by 
telephone, by no later than noon of the calendar day following receipt 
of the provider's notice of termination. If the QIO is unable to accept 
the beneficiary's request, the beneficiary must submit the request by 
noon of the next day the QIO is available to accept a request.
    (2) The beneficiary, or his or her representative, must be available 
to answer questions or to supply information that the QIO may request to 
conduct its review.
    (3) The beneficiary may, but is not required to, submit evidence to 
be considered by a QIO in making its decision.
    (4) If a beneficiary makes an untimely request for an expedited 
determination by a QIO, the QIO will accept the request and make a 
determination as soon as possible, but the 72-hour time frame under 
paragraph (e)(6) and the financial liability protection under paragraph 
(g) of this section do not apply.
    (c) Coverage of provider services. Coverage of provider services 
continues until the date and time designated on the termination notice, 
unless the QIO reverses the provider's service termination decision. If 
the QIO's decision is delayed because the provider did not timely supply 
necessary information or records, the provider may be liable for the 
costs of any additional coverage, as determined by the QIO in accordance 
with paragraph (e)(7) of this section. If the QIO finds that the 
beneficiary did not receive valid notice, coverage of provider services 
continues until at least 2 days after valid notice has been received. 
Continuation of coverage is not required if the QIO determines that 
coverage could pose a threat to the beneficiary's health or safety.
    (d) Burden of proof. When a beneficiary requests an expedited 
determination by a QIO, the burden of proof rests with the provider to 
demonstrate that termination of coverage is the correct decision, either 
on the basis of medical necessity, or based on other Medicare coverage 
policies.
    (1) In order for the QIO to determine whether the provider has met 
the burden of proof, the provider should supply any and all information 
that a QIO requires to sustain the provider's termination decision, 
consistent with paragraph (f) of this section.
    (2) The beneficiary may submit evidence to be considered by a QIO in 
making its decision.
    (e) Procedures the QIO must follow. (1) On the day the QIO receives 
the request for an expedited determination under paragraph (b) of this 
section, it must immediately notify the provider of those services that 
a request for an expedited determination has been made.
    (2) The QIO determines whether the provider delivered valid notice 
of the termination decision consistent with Sec. 405.1200(b) and 
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (3) The QIO examines the medical and other records that pertain to 
the services in dispute. If applicable, the QIO determines whether a 
physician has certified that failure to continue the provision of 
services may place the beneficiary's health at significant risk.
    (4) The QIO must solicit the views of the beneficiary who requested 
the expedited determination.
    (5) The QIO must provide an opportunity for the provider/
practitioner to explain why the termination or discharge is appropriate.
    (6) No later than 72 hours after receipt of the request for an 
expedited determination, the QIO must notify the beneficiary, 
beneficiary's physician, and the provider of services of its 
determination whether termination of

[[Page 192]]

Medicare coverage is the correct decision, either on the basis of 
medical necessity or based on other Medicare coverage policies.
    (7) If the QIO does not receive the information needed to sustain a 
provider's decision to terminate services, it may make its determination 
based on the evidence at hand, or it may defer a decision until it 
receives the necessary information. If this delay results in extended 
Medicare coverage of an individual's provider services, the provider may 
be held financially liable for these services, as determined by the QIO.
    (8) The QIO's initial notification may be by telephone, followed by 
a written notice including the following information:
    (i) The rationale for the determination;
    (ii) An explanation of the Medicare payment consequences of the 
determination and the date a beneficiary becomes fully liable for the 
services; and
    (iii) Information about the beneficiary's right to a reconsideration 
of the QIO's determination, including how to request a reconsideration 
and the time period for doing so.
    (f) Responsibilities of providers. (1) When a QIO notifies a 
provider that a beneficiary has requested an expedited determination, 
the provider must send a detailed notice to the beneficiary by close of 
business of the day of the QIO's notification. The detailed termination 
notice must include the following information:
    (i) A specific and detailed explanation why services are either no 
longer reasonable and necessary or are no longer covered;
    (ii) A description of any applicable Medicare coverage rule, 
instruction, or other Medicare policy, including citations to the 
applicable Medicare policy rules or information about how the 
beneficiary may obtain a copy of the Medicare policy;
    (iii) Facts specific to the beneficiary and relevant to the coverage 
determination that are sufficient to advise the beneficiary of the 
applicability of the coverage rule or policy to the beneficiary's case; 
and
    (iv) Any other information required by CMS.
    (2) Upon notification by the QIO of the request for an expedited 
determination, the provider must supply all information that the QIO 
needs to make its expedited determination, including a copy of the 
notices required under Sec. 405.1200(b) and under paragraph (f)(1) of 
this section. The provider must furnish this information as soon as 
possible, but no later than by close of business of the day the QIO 
notifies the provider of the request for an expedited determination. At 
the discretion of the QIO, the provider may make the information 
available by phone or in writing (with a written record of any 
information not transmitted initially in writing).
    (3) At a beneficiary's request, the provider must furnish the 
beneficiary with a copy of, or access to, any documentation that it 
sends to the QIO including records of any information provided by 
telephone. The provider may charge the beneficiary a reasonable amount 
to cover the costs of duplicating the documentation and/or delivering it 
to the beneficiary. The provider must accommodate such a request by no 
later than close of business of the first day after the material is 
requested.
    (g) Coverage during QIO review. When a beneficiary requests an 
expedited determination in accordance with the procedures required by 
this section, the provider may not bill the beneficiary for any disputed 
services until the expedited determination process (and reconsideration 
process, if applicable) has been completed.



Sec. 405.1204  Expedited reconsiderations.

    (a) Beneficiary's right to an expedited reconsideration. A 
beneficiary who is dissatisfied with a QIO's expedited determination may 
request an expedited reconsideration by the appropriate QIC.
    (b) Requesting an expedited reconsideration. (1) A beneficiary who 
wishes to obtain an expedited reconsideration must submit a request for 
the reconsideration to the appropriate QIC, in writing or by telephone, 
by no later than noon of the calendar day following initial notification 
(whether by telephone

[[Page 193]]

or in writing) receipt of the QIO's determination. If the QIC is unable 
to accept the beneficiary's request, the beneficiary must submit the 
request by noon of the next day the QIC is available to accept a 
request.
    (2) The beneficiary, or his or her representative, must be available 
to answer questions or supply information that the QIC may request to 
conduct its reconsideration.
    (3) The beneficiary may, but is not required to, submit evidence to 
be considered by a QIC in making its decision.
    (4) A beneficiary who does not file a timely request for an 
expedited QIC reconsideration subsequently may request a reconsideration 
under the standard claims appeal process, but the coverage protections 
described in paragraph (f) of this section would not extend through this 
reconsideration, nor would the timeframes or the escalation process 
described in paragraphs (c)(3) and (c)(5) of this section, respectively.
    (c) Procedures the QIC must follow. (1) On the day the QIC receives 
the request for an expedited determination under paragraph (b) of this 
section, the QIC must immediately notify the QIO that made the expedited 
determination and the provider of services of the request for an 
expedited reconsideration.
    (2) The QIC must offer the beneficiary and the provider an 
opportunity to provide further information.
    (3) Unless the beneficiary requests an extension in accordance with 
paragraph (c)(6) of this section, no later than 72 hours after receipt 
of the request for an expedited reconsideration, and any medical or 
other records needed for such reconsideration, the QIC must notify the 
QIO, the beneficiary, the beneficiary's physician, and the provider of 
services, of its decision on the reconsideration request.
    (4) The QIC's initial notification may be done by telephone, 
followed by a written notice including:
    (i) The rationale for the reconsideration decision;
    (ii) An explanation of the Medicare payment consequences of the 
determination and the beneficiary's date of liability; and
    (iii) Information about the beneficiary's right to appeal the QIC's 
reconsideration decision to an ALJ, including how to request an appeal 
and the time period for doing so.
    (5) Unless the beneficiary requests an extension in accordance with 
paragraph (c)(6) of this section, if the QIC does not issue a decision 
within 72 hours of receipt of the request, the QIC must notify the 
beneficiary of his or her right to have the case escalated to the ALJ 
hearing level if the amount remaining in controversy after the QIO 
determination is $100 or more.
    (6) A beneficiary requesting an expedited reconsideration under this 
section may request (either in writing or orally) that the QIC grant 
such additional time as the beneficiary specifies (not to exceed 14 
days) for the reconsideration. If an extension is granted, the deadlines 
in paragraph (c)(3) of this section do not apply.
    (d) Responsibilities of the QIO. (1) When a QIC notifies a QIO that 
a beneficiary has requested an expedited reconsideration, the QIO must 
supply all information that the QIC needs to make its expedited 
reconsideration as soon as possible, but no later than by close of 
business of the day that the QIC notifies the QIO of the request for an 
expedited reconsideration.
    (2) At a beneficiary's request, the QIO must furnish the beneficiary 
with a copy of, or access to, any documentation that it sends to the 
QIC. The QIO may charge the beneficiary a reasonable amount to cover the 
costs of duplicating the documentation and/or delivering it to the 
beneficiary. The QIO must accommodate the request by no later than close 
of business of the first day after the material is requested.
    (e) Responsibilities of the provider. A provider may, but is not 
required to, submit evidence to be considered by a QIC in making its 
decision. If a provider fails to comply with a QIC's request for 
additional information beyond that furnished to the QIO for purposes of 
the expedited determination, the QIC makes its reconsideration decision 
based on the information available.
    (f) Coverage during QIC reconsideration process. When a beneficiary 
requests an expedited reconsideration in accordance with the deadline 
specified in (b)(1) of this section, the provider may

[[Page 194]]

not bill the beneficiary for any disputed services until the QIC makes 
its determination.



Sec. 405.1206  Expedited determinations for inpatient hospital discharges.

    (a) Beneficiary's right to an expedited determination for an 
inpatient hospital discharge. A beneficiary who has received a notice of 
noncoverage under section 1154(e)(1) of the Act and 42 CFR 412.42(c)(3) 
may request an expedited determination by the QIO when a hospital 
(acting directly or through its utilization review committee), with 
physician concurrence, determines that inpatient care is no longer 
necessary. A beneficiary who timely requests an expedited QIO review in 
accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section and who meets the 
conditions of section 1879(a)(2) of the Social Security Act (that is, 
the individual did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected 
to know, that payment would not be made for such items or services under 
part A or part B) may remain in the hospital with no additional 
financial liability until the QIO makes its determination.
    (b) When delivery of the notice is valid. (1) Except as provided in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, valid delivery of the notice of non-
coverage requires that the beneficiary (or the beneficiary's authorized 
representative) has signed and dated the notice to indicate that he or 
she has received the notice and can comprehend its contents.
    (2) If a beneficiary refuses to sign the notice, the provider may 
annotate its notice to indicate the refusal, and the date of refusal is 
considered the date of receipt of the notice.
    (c) Beneficiary's right to other review. (1) A beneficiary who fails 
to request an expedited determination in accordance with paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section, and remains in the hospital, may request an 
expedited review at any time during the course of his or her inpatient 
hospital stay. The QIO will issue a decision in accordance with 
paragraph (e)(5)(ii) of this section. The escalation procedures 
described in Sec. 405.1204(c)(5) and the financial liability rules of 
paragraph (f)(2) of this section do not apply.
    (2) A beneficiary who fails to request an expedited determination in 
accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, and who is no longer 
an inpatient in the hospital, may request QIO review within 30 calendar 
days after receipt of the notice of noncoverage as provided under 
section 1154(e)(1) or at any time for good cause. The QIO will issue a 
decision in accordance with paragraph (e)(5)(iii) of this section. The 
escalation procedures described in Sec. 405.1204(c)(5) and the 
financial liability rules of paragraph (f)(2) of this section do not 
apply.
    (d) Procedures the beneficiary must follow. For the expedited appeal 
process, the following rules apply:
    (1) The beneficiary must submit the request for an expedited 
determination--
    (i) To the QIO that has an agreement with the hospital under part 
475 of this chapter;
    (ii) In writing or by telephone; and
    (iii) By noon of the first working day after he or she receives 
written notice that the hospital has determined that the hospital stay 
is no longer necessary.
    (2) The beneficiary (or his or her authorized representative), upon 
request by the QIO, must be prepared to discuss the case with the QIO.
    (e) Procedures the QIO must follow. On the date that the QIO 
receives the beneficiary's request:
    (1) The QIO must notify the hospital that the beneficiary has filed 
a request for immediate review.
    (2) The hospital must supply any information, including medical 
records, that the QIO requires to conduct its review and must make it 
available, by phone or in writing, by the close of business of the first 
full working day after the day the beneficiary receives notice of the 
planned discharge.
    (3) The QIO must examine the pertinent records pertaining to the 
services.
    (4) The QIO must solicit the views of the beneficiary (or the 
beneficiary's authorized representative) who requested the expedited 
determination.
    (5)(i) When the beneficiary requests an expedited determination in 
accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the QIO must make a 
determination and notify the beneficiary, the

[[Page 195]]

hospital, and physician of its determination by close of business of the 
first working day after it receives all requested pertinent information.
    (ii) When the beneficiary does not request an expedited 
determination in accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, and 
remains an inpatient in the hospital, the QIO will make a determination 
and notify the beneficiary, the hospital, and physician of its 
determination within 2 working days following receipt of the request and 
pertinent information.
    (iii) When the beneficiary does not request an expedited initial 
determination in accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, and 
is no longer an inpatient in the hospital, the QIO will make a 
determination and notify the beneficiary, the hospital, and physician of 
its determination within 30 calendar days after receipt of the request 
and pertinent information.
    (f) Coverage during QIO expedited review. (1) In general, if the 
beneficiary remains in the hospital after receiving the hospital issued 
notice of noncoverage, and the hospital, the physician who concurred in 
the hospital's determination on which the advanced written notice of 
termination was based, or the QIO subsequently finds that the 
beneficiary requires an acute level of inpatient hospital care, the 
beneficiary is not financially responsible for continued care until the 
hospital once again determines that the beneficiary no longer requires 
inpatient care, secures concurrence from the physician responsible for 
the beneficiary's care or the QIO and notifies the beneficiary.
    (2) Timely filing and limitation on liability. If a beneficiary both 
files a request for an expedited determination by the QIO in accordance 
with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, and meets the conditions of 
section 1879(a)(2) of the Social Security Act (that is, the individual 
did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that 
payment would not be made for such items or services under part A or 
part B), the beneficiary is not financially responsible for inpatient 
hospital services furnished before noon of the calendar day after the 
date the beneficiary (or his or her representative) receives 
notification (either orally or in writing) of the expedited 
determination by the QIO.
    (3) Untimely filing. When a beneficiary does not file a request for 
an expedited determination by the QIO in accordance with paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section, that beneficiary may be responsible for charges 
that extend beyond the date specified on the hospital's advance written 
notice of termination or as otherwise stated by the QIO.
    (4) Hospital requests expedited review. When the hospital requests 
review in accordance with Sec. 405.1208, and the QIO concurs with the 
hospital's decision, a hospital may not charge a beneficiary until the 
date specified by the QIO.
    (g) Notice of an expedited determination. (1) When a QIO issues an 
expedited determination in accordance with paragraph (e)(5) of this 
section, the QIO must notify the beneficiary, physician, and hospital of 
its decision, by telephone and subsequently in writing.
    (2) A written notice of the expedited determination must contain the 
following:
    (i) The basis for the determination;
    (ii) A detailed rationale for the determination;.
    (iii) A statement explaining the Medicare payment consequences of 
the expedited determination and date of liability, if any;
    (iv) A statement informing the beneficiary of his or her subsequent 
appeal rights, and the timeframe for requesting a reconsideration by the 
QIC.
    (h) Effect of an expedited QIO determination. The QIO determination 
is binding upon the beneficiary, physician, and hospital, except in the 
following circumstances:
    (1) When beneficiary remains in the hospital. If the beneficiary is 
still an inpatient in the hospital and is dissatisfied with the 
determination, he or she may request a reconsideration according to the 
procedures described in Sec. 405.1204. If the beneficiary does not make 
a request in accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the 
timeframes described in Sec. 405.1204(c)(3), the escalation procedures 
described in Sec. 405.1204(c)(5), and the coverage rule described in 
Sec. 405.1204(f) will not apply.
    (2) When beneficiary is no longer an inpatient in the hospital. If 
the beneficiary

[[Page 196]]

is no longer an inpatient in the hospital and is dissatisfied with this 
determination, the determination is subject to the general claims appeal 
process.



Sec. 405.1208  Hospital requests expedited QIO review.

    (a) General rule. If the hospital (acting directly or through its 
utilization review committee) believes that the beneficiary does not 
require further inpatient hospital care but is unable to obtain the 
agreement of the physician, it may request an expedited determination by 
the QIO.
    (b) Procedures hospital must follow. (1) The hospital must (acting 
directly or through its utilization review committee) notify the 
beneficiary (or his or her representative) that it has requested that 
review.
    (2) The hospital must supply any pertinent information the QIO 
requires to conduct its review and must make it available by phone or in 
writing, by close of business of the first full working day immediately 
following the day the hospital submits the request for review.
    (c) Procedures the QIO must follow. (1) The QIO must notify the 
hospital that it has received the request for review and must notify the 
hospital if it has not received all pertinent records.
    (2) The QIO must examine the pertinent records pertaining to the 
services.
    (3) The QIO must solicit the views of the beneficiary in question.
    (4) The QIO must make a determination and notify the beneficiary, 
the hospital, and physician within 2 working days of the hospital's 
request and receipt of any pertinent information submitted by the 
hospital.
    (d) Notice of an expedited determination. (1) When a QIO issues an 
expedited determination as stated in paragraph (c)(4) of this section, 
it must notify the beneficiary, physician, and hospital of its decision, 
by telephone and subsequently in writing.
    (2) A written notice of the expedited initial determination must 
contain the following:
    (i) The basis for the determination;.
    (ii) A detailed rationale for the determination;
    (iii) A statement explaining the Medicare payment consequences of 
the expedited determination and date of liability, if any; and
    (iv) A statement informing the beneficiary of his or her appeal 
rights and the timeframe for requesting an appeal.
    (e) Effect of an expedited determination. The expedited 
determination under this section is binding upon the beneficiary, 
physician, and hospital, except in the following circumstances:
    (1) When a beneficiary remains in the hospital. If the beneficiary 
is still an inpatient in the hospital and is dissatisfied with this 
determination, he or she may request a reconsideration according to the 
procedures described in Sec. 405.1204. The procedures described in 
Sec. 405.1204 will apply to reconsiderations requested under this 
section. If the beneficiary does not make a request in accordance with 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the timeframes described in Sec. 
405.1204(c)(3), the escalation procedures described in Sec. 
405.1204(c)(5), and the coverage rule described in Sec. 405.1204(f) 
will not apply.
    (2) When a beneficiary is no longer an inpatient in the hospital. If 
the beneficiary is no longer an inpatient in the hospital and is 
dissatisfied with this determination, this determination is subject to 
the general claims appeal process.

Subparts K-Q [Reserved]



       Subpart R_Provider Reimbursement Determinations and Appeals

    Authority: Secs. 205, 1102, 1814(b), 1815(a), 1833, 1861(v), 1871, 
1872, 1878, and 1886 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 405, 1302, 
1395f(b), 1395g(a), 1395l, 1395x(v), 1395hh, 1395ii, 1395oo, and 
1395ww).

    Source: 39 FR 34515, Sept. 26, 1974, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977.



Sec. 405.1801  Introduction.

    (a) Definitions. As used in this subpart:
    Administrator means the Administrator or Deputy Administrator of 
CMS.
    Administrator's review means that review provided for in section 
1878(f) of

[[Page 197]]

the Act (42 U.S.C. 1395oo(f)) and Sec. 405.1875.
    Board means the Provider Reimbursement Review Board established in 
accordance with section 1878 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 1395oo) and Sec. 
405.1845.
    Board hearing means that hearing provided for in section 1878(a) of 
the Act (42 U.S.C. 1395oo(a)), and Sec. 405.1835.
    Date of filing and date of submission of materials mean the day of 
the mailing (as evidenced by the postmark) or hand-delivery of 
materials, unless otherwise defined in this subpart.
    Date of receipt means the date on the return receipt of ``return 
receipt requested'' mail, unless otherwise defined in this subpart.
    Intermediary determination means the following:
    (1) With respect to a provider of services that has filed a cost 
report under Sec. Sec. 413.20 and 413.24(f) of this chapter, the term 
means a determination of the amount of total reimbursement due the 
provider, pursuant to Sec. 405.1803 following the close of the 
provider's cost reporting period, for items and services furnished to 
beneficiaries for which reimbursement may be made on a reasonable cost 
basis under Medicare for the period covered by the cost report.
    (2) With respect to a hospital that receives payments for inpatient 
hospital services under the prospective payment system (part 412 of this 
chapter), the term means a determination of the total amount of payment 
due the hospital, pursuant to Sec. 405.1803 following the close of the 
hospital's cost reporting period, under that system for the period 
covered by the determination.
    (3) For purposes of appeal to the Provider Reimbursement Review 
Board, the term is synonymous with the phrases ``intermediary's final 
determination'' and ``final determination of the Secretary'', as those 
phrases are used in section 1878(a) of the Act.
    (4) For purposes of Sec. 405.376 concerning claims collection 
activities, the term does not include an action by CMS with respect to a 
compromise of a Medicare overpayment claim, or termination or suspension 
of collection action on an overpayment claim, against a provider or 
physician or other supplier.
    Intermediary hearing means that hearing provided for in Sec. 
405.1809.
    (b) General rule--(1) Providers. The principles of reimbursement for 
determining reasonable cost and prospective payment are contained in 
parts 413 and 412, respectively, of this chapter. In order to be 
reimbursed for covered services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries, 
providers of services are obliged to file cost reports with their 
intermediaries as specified in Sec. 413.24(f) of this chapter. Where 
the term ``provider'' appears in this subpart, it includes hospitals 
paid under the prospective payment system for purposes of applying the 
appeal procedures described in this subpart to those hospitals.
    (2) Other entities participating in Medicare Part A. In addition to 
providers of services whose status as such is indicated in the Act, 
there are entities (such as health maintenance organizations) that do 
not meet the statutory test for providers of services, which may also 
participate in Medicare. These entities are required to file periodic 
cost reports and are reimbursed on the basis of information furnished in 
the reports. Although the entities do not qualify for Board review, the 
rules as set forth in this subpart with respect to intermediary hearings 
are applicable to the entities to the maximum extent possible, for cost-
reporting periods ending on or after December 31, 1971, where the amount 
of program reimbursement in controversy is at least $1,000.
    (c) Effective dates. (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (c)(2) and 
(c)(3) of this section or in Sec. 405.1885(e), this subpart applies to 
all cost reporting periods ending on or after December 31, 1971, for 
which reimbursement may be made on a reasonable cost basis.
    (2) Sections 405.1835 to 405.1877 apply only to cost reporting 
periods ending on or after June 30, 1973, for which reimbursement may be 
made on a reasonable cost basis.
    (3) With respect to hospitals under the prospective payment system 
(see part 412 of this chapter), the appeals procedures in Sec. Sec. 
405.1811 to 405.1877 that

[[Page 198]]

apply become applicable with the hospital's first cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 1983.

[39 FR 34515, Sept. 26, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 48 FR 39834, Sept. 1, 1983; 48 FR 45773, Oct. 7, 
1983; 49 FR 322, Jan. 3, 1984; 49 FR 23013, June 1, 1984; 51 FR 34793, 
Sept. 30, 1986; 61 FR 63749, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.1803  Intermediary determination and notice of amount of program 
reimbursement.

    (a) General requirement. Upon receipt of a provider's cost report, 
or amended cost report where permitted or required, the intermediary 
must within a reasonable period of time (see Sec. 405.1835(b)), furnish 
the provider and other parties as appropriate (see Sec. 405.1805) a 
written notice reflecting the intermediary's determination of the total 
amount of reimbursement due the provider. The intermediary must include 
the following information in the notice, as appropriate:
    (1) Reasonable cost. The notice must--
    (i) Explain the intermediary's determination of total program 
reimbursement due the provider on the basis of reasonable cost for the 
reporting period covered by the cost report or amended cost report; and
    (ii) Relate this determination to the provider's claimed total 
program reimbursement due the provider for this period.
    (2) Prospective payment. With respect to a hospital that receives 
payments for inpatient hospital services under the prospective payment 
system (see part 412 of this chapter), the intermediary must include in 
the notice its determination of the total amount of the payments due the 
hospital under that system for the cost reporting period covered by the 
notice. The notice must explain (with appropriate use of the applicable 
money amounts) any difference in the amount determined to be due, and 
the amounts received by the hospital during the cost reporting period 
covered by the notice.
    (b) Requirements for intermediary notices. The intermediary must 
include in each notice appropriate references to law, regulations, CMS 
Rulings, or program instructions to explain why the intermediary's 
determination of the amount of program reimbursement for the period 
differs from the amount the provider claimed. The notice must also 
inform the provider of its right to an intermediary or Board hearing 
(see Sec. Sec. 405.1809, 405.1811, 405.1815, 405.1835, and 405.1843) 
and that the provider must request the hearing within 180 days after the 
date of the notice.
    (c) Use of notice as basis for recoupment of overpayments. The 
intermediary's determination contained in its notice is the basis for 
making the retroactive adjustment (required by Sec. 413.64(f) of this 
chapter) to any program payments made to the provider during the period 
to which the determination applies, including recoupment under Sec. 
405.373 from ongoing payments to the provider of any overpayments to the 
provider identified in the determination. Recoupment is made 
notwithstanding any request for hearing on the determination the 
provider may make under Sec. 405.1811 or Sec. 405.1835.

[48 FR 39834, Sept. 1, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 322, Jan 3, 1984; 51 FR 
34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 61 FR 63748, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 405.1804  Matters not subject to administrative and judicial review 
under prospective payment.

    Neither administrative nor judicial review is available for 
controversies about the following matters:
    (a) The determination of the requirement, or the proportional 
amount, of any budget neutrality adjustment in the prospective payment 
rates.
    (b) The establishment of--
    (1) Diagnosis related groups (DRGs);
    (2) The methodology for the classification of inpatient discharges 
within the DRGs; or
    (3) Appropriate weighting factors that reflect the relative hospital 
resources used with respect to discharge within each DRG.

[49 FR 322, Jan. 1, 1984]



Sec. 405.1805  Parties to intermediary determination.

    The parties to the intermediary's determination are the provider and 
any other entity found by the intermediary

[[Page 199]]

to be a related organization of the provider under Sec. 413.17 of this 
chapter.

[48 FR 39835, Sept. 1, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986]



Sec. 405.1807  Effect of intermediary determination.

    The determination shall be final and binding on the party or parties 
to such determination unless:
    (a) An intermediary hearing is requested in accordance with Sec. 
405.1811 and an intermediary hearing decision rendered in accordance 
with Sec. 405.1831; or
    (b) The intermediary determination is revised in accordance with 
Sec. 405.1885; or
    (c) A Board hearing is requested in accordance with Sec. 405.1835 
and a hearing decision rendered pursuant thereto.



Sec. 405.1809  Intermediary hearing procedures.

    (a) Hearings. Each intermediary must establish and maintain written 
procedures for intermediary hearings, in accordance with the regulations 
in this subpart, for resolving issues that may arise between the 
intermediary and a provider concerning the amount of reasonable cost 
reimbursement, or prospective payment due the provider (except as 
provided in Sec. 405.1804) under the Medicare program. The procedures 
must provide for a hearing on the intermediary determination contained 
in the notice of program reimbursement (Sec. 405.1803), if the provider 
files a timely request for a hearing.
    (b) Amount in controversy. In order for an intermediary to grant a 
hearing, the following dates and amounts in controversy apply:
    (1) For cost reporting periods ending prior to June 30, 1973, the 
amount of program reimbursement in controversy must be at least $1000.
    (2) For cost reporting periods ending on or after June 30, 1973, the 
amount of program reimbursement in controversy must be at least $1000 
but less than $10,000.

[48 FR 39835, Sept. 1, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 323, Jan. 1, 1984]



Sec. 405.1811  Right to intermediary hearing; time, place, form, and content 
of request for intermediary hearing.

    (a) A provider that has been furnished a notice of amount of program 
reimbursement may request an intermediary hearing if it is dissatisfied 
with the intermediary's determination contained in the notice and the 
amount in controversy requirement described in Sec. 405.1809 is met. 
The request must be in writing and be filed with the intermediary within 
180 calendar days after the date of the notice. (See Sec. 405.1835(c)). 
No other individual, entity, or party has the right to an intermediary 
hearing.
    (b) The request must (1) identify the aspect(s) of the determination 
with which the provider is dissatisfied, and (2) explain why the 
provider believes the determination on these matters is incorrect, and 
(3) be submitted with any documentary evidence the provider considers 
necessary to support its position.
    (c) Following the timely filing of the request for hearing, the 
provider may identify in writing, prior to the onset of the hearing 
proceedings, additional aspects of the determination with which it is 
dissatisfied and furnish any documentary evidence in support thereof. If 
such additional aspects are submitted, the hearing officer may postpone 
the hearing to allow for his examination of such additional aspects.

[39 FR 34515, Sept. 26, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, as amended at 48 FR 39835, Sept. 1, 1983]



Sec. 405.1813  Failure to timely request an intermediary hearing.

    If a provider requests an intermediary hearing on an intermediary's 
determination after the time limit prescribed in Sec. 405.1811, the 
designated intermediary hearing officer or panel of hearing officers 
will dismiss the request and furnish the provider a written notice that 
explains the time limitation, except that for good cause shown, the time 
limit prescribed in Sec. 405.1811 may be extended. However, an 
extension may not be granted if the extension request is filed more than 
3

[[Page 200]]

years after the date of the original notice of the intermediary 
determination.

[48 FR 39835, Sept. 1, 1983]



Sec. 405.1815  Parties to the intermediary hearing.

    The parties to the intermediary hearing shall be the parties to the 
intermediary determination and any other entity determined by the 
intermediary to be a related organization of such provider. Said parties 
shall be given reasonable notice of the time, date, and place of such 
hearing. Neither the intermediary nor the Centers for Medicare & 
Medicaid Services are parties (see Sec. 405.1819).



Sec. 405.1817  Hearing officer or panel of hearing officers authorized to 
conduct intermediary hearing; disqualification of officers.

    The intermediary hearing provided for in Sec. 405.1809 shall be 
conducted by a hearing officer or panel of hearing officers designated 
by the intermediary. Such hearing officer or officers shall be persons 
knowledgeable in the field of health care reimbursement. The hearing 
officer or officers shall not have had any direct responsibility for the 
program reimbursement determination with respect to which a request for 
hearing is filed; no hearing officer (or officers) shall conduct a 
hearing in a case in which he is prejudiced or partial with respect to 
any party, or where he has any interest in the matter pending for 
determination before him. Notice of any objection which a party may have 
with respect to a hearing officer shall be presented in writing to such 
officer by the objecting party at the party's earliest opportunity. The 
hearing officer shall consider the objection and shall, at his 
discretion, either proceed in the conduct of the hearing or withdraw. If 
the hearing officer does not withdraw, the objecting party may, after 
the hearing, present his objections to an executive official of the 
intermediary, who shall rule promptly on the objection.



Sec. 405.1819  Conduct of intermediary hearing.

    The hearing shall be open to all parties thereto (see Sec. 
405.1815) and to representatives of the intermediary and of the Centers 
for Medicare & Medicaid Services (see Sec. 405.1815). The hearing 
officer(s) shall inquire fully into all of the matters at issue and 
shall receive into evidence the testimony and any documents which are 
relevant and material to such matters. If the hearing officer(s) 
believes that there is relevant and material evidence available which 
has not been presented at the hearing, he (they) may, at any time prior 
to the mailing of notice of the decision, reopen the hearing record for 
the receipt of such evidence. The order in which the evidence and the 
allegations shall be presented and the conduct of the hearing shall be 
at the discretion of the hearing officer(s).



Sec. 405.1821  Prehearing discovery and other proceedings prior to the 
intermediary hearing.

    (a) Prehearing discovery shall be permitted upon timely request of 
any party. To be timely, a request for discovery and inspection shall be 
made before the beginning of the hearing. A reasonable time for 
inspection and reproduction of documents shall be provided by order of 
the hearing officer(s).
    (b) If, in the discretion of the hearing officer(s), the purpose of 
defining the issues more clearly would be served, the hearing officer(s) 
may schedule a prehearing conference. For this purpose, a single member 
of a panel of hearing officers, when such is the case, may be appointed 
to act for the panel with respect to prehearing activities.



Sec. 405.1823  Evidence at intermediary hearing.

    Evidence may be received at the intermediary hearing even though 
inadmissible under the rules of evidence applicable to court procedure. 
The hearing officer(s) shall give the parties opportunity for submission 
and consideration of facts and arguments, and during the course of the 
hearing, should in ruling upon admissibility of evidence, exclude 
irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious evidence. The hearing 
officer(s) shall render a final ruling on the admissibility of evidence.

[[Page 201]]



Sec. 405.1825  Witnesses at intermediary hearing.

    The hearing officer(s) may examine the witnesses and shall allow the 
parties and their representatives to do so. Parties to the proceedings 
may also cross-examine witnesses.



Sec. 405.1827  Record of intermediary hearing.

    A complete recordation of the proceedings at the intermediary 
hearing shall be made and transcribed in all cases. It shall be made 
available to any party upon request. The record will not be closed until 
a decision (see Sec. 405.1831) has been issued.



Sec. 405.1829  Authority of hearing officer(s) at intermediary hearing.

    (a) The hearing officer(s) in exercising his authority must comply 
with all the provisions of title XVIII of the Act and regulations issued 
thereunder, as well as with CMS Rulings issued under the authority of 
the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (see 
42 CFR 401.108), and with the general instructions issued by the Centers 
for Medicare & Medicaid Services in accordance with the Secretary's 
agreement with the intermediary.
    (b) The determination of a fiscal intermediary that no payment may 
be made under title XVIII of the Act for any expense incurred for items 
and services furnished to an individual because such items and services 
are excluded from coverage pursuant to section 1862 of the Act, 42 
U.S.C. 1395y (see subpart C of this part), shall not be reviewed by the 
hearing officer(s). Such determination shall be reviewed only in 
accordance with the applicable provisions of subparts G and H of this 
part.



Sec. 405.1831  Intermediary hearing decision and notice.

    The hearing officer(s) shall, on a timely basis, render a decision 
in writing based on the evidence in the record; such decision shall 
constitute the final determination of the intermediary. In such 
decision, he will cite applicable law, regulations, CMS Rulings, and 
general instructions of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, as 
well as findings on all the matters in issue at the hearing. A copy of 
the decision will be mailed to all parties to the hearing at their last 
known addresses.



Sec. 405.1833  Effect of intermediary hearing decision.

    The intermediary hearing decision provided for in Sec. 405.1831 
shall be final and binding upon all parties to the hearing unless such 
intermediary determination is revised in accordance with Sec. 405.1885.



Sec. 405.1835  Right to Board hearing.

    (a) Criteria. The provider (but no other individual, entity, or 
party) has a right to a hearing before the Board about any matter 
designated in Sec. 405.1801(a)(1), if:
    (1) An intermediary determination has been made with respect to the 
provider; and
    (2) The provider has filed a written request for a hearing before 
the Board under the provisions described in Sec. 405.1841(a)(1); and
    (3) The amount in controversy (as determined in Sec. 405.1839(a)) 
is $10,000 or more.
    (b) Prospective payment exceptions. Except with respect to matters 
for which administrative or judicial review is not permitted as 
specified in Sec. 405.1804, hospitals that are paid under the 
prospective payment system are entitled to hearings before the Board 
under this section if they otherwise meet the criteria described in 
paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) Right to hearing based on late intermediary determination about 
reasonable cost. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section, the provider also has a right to a hearing before the 
Board if an intermediary's determination concerning the amount of 
reasonable cost reimbursement due a provider is not rendered within 12 
months after receipt by the intermediary of a provider's perfected cost 
report or amended cost report (as permitted or as required to furnish 
sufficient data for purposes of making such determination--see Sec. 
405.1803(a)) provided such delay was not occasioned by the fault of the 
provider.

[48 FR 39835, Sept. 1, 1983]

[[Page 202]]



Sec. 405.1837  Group appeal.

    (a) Criteria for group appeals. Subject to paragraph (b) of this 
section, a group of providers may bring an appeal before the Board but 
only if--
    (1) Each provider in the group is identified as one which would, 
upon the filing of a request for a hearing before the Board, but without 
regard to the $10,000 amount in controversy requirement, be entitled to 
a hearing under Sec. 405.1835;
    (2) The matters at issue involve a common question of fact or of 
interpretation of law, regulations or CMS Rulings; and
    (3) The amount in controversy is, in the aggregate, $50,000 or more.
    (b) Providers under common ownership or control. Effective April 20, 
1983, any appeal filed by providers that are under common ownership or 
control must be brought by the providers as a group appeal in accordance 
with the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section with respect to any 
matters involving an issue common to the providers and for which the 
amount in controversy is, in the aggregate, $50,000 or more (see Sec. 
405.1841(a)(2)). A single provider involved in a group appeal that also 
wishes to appeal issues that are not common to the other providers in 
the group must file a separate hearing request (see Sec. 
405.1841(a)(1)) and must separately meet the requirements in Sec. 
405.1811 or Sec. 405.1835, as applicable.

[48 FR 39836, Sept. 1, 1983]



Sec. 405.1839  Amount in controversy.

    (a) Single appeals. The $1,000 amount in controversy required under 
Sec. 405.1809 for an intermediary hearing and the $10,000 amount in 
controversy required under Sec. 405.1835 for a Board hearing is, as 
applicable to the matters for which the provider has requested a 
hearing, the combined total of the amounts computed as follows:
    (1) Providers under prospective payment. For providers that are paid 
under the prospective payment system, by deducting--
    (i) The total of the payment due the provider on other than a 
reasonable cost basis under the prospective payment system from the 
total amount that would be payable after a recomputation that takes into 
account any exclusion, exception, adjustment, or additional payment 
denied the provider under part 412 of this chapter, as applicable;
    (ii) The total of the payment due the provider on a reasonable cost 
basis under the prospective payment system from the total reimbursable 
costs claimed by the provider; and
    (iii) The adjusted total reimbursable costs due the provider on a 
reasonable cost basis under other than the prospective payment system 
from the total reimbursable costs claimed by the provider.
    (2) Providers not under prospective payment. For providers that are 
not paid under the prospective payment system, by deducting the adjusted 
total reimbursable program costs due the provider on a reasonable cost 
basis from the total reimbursable costs claimed by the provider.
    (b) Group appeals. The $50,000 amount in controversy required under 
Sec. 405.1837 for group appeals to the Board is, as applicable to the 
common matters for which the group of providers have requested a 
hearing, the combined total of the amounts computed as follows:
    (1) Providers under prospective payment. For providers that are paid 
under the prospective payment system, by deducting--
    (i) The total of the payment due the providers (in the aggregate) on 
other than a reasonable cost basis under the prospective payment system 
from the total amount that would be payable to the providers (in the 
aggregate) after a recomputation that takes into account any applicable 
exception, exclusion, adjustment, or additional payment denied the 
providers under part 412 of this chapter.
    (ii) The total of the payment due the providers (in the aggregate) 
on a reasonable cost basis under the prospective payment system from the 
total reimbursable costs claimed in the aggregate by the providers; and
    (iii) The adjusted total reimbursable costs due the providers (in 
the aggregate) on a reasonable cost basis under other than the 
prospective payment system from the total reimbursable costs claimed in 
the aggregate by the providers.

[[Page 203]]

    (2) Providers not under prospective payment. For providers that are 
not paid under the prospective payment system, by deducting the adjusted 
total reimbursable program costs due the providers (in the aggregate) on 
a reasonable cost basis from the total reimbursable costs claimed in the 
aggregate by the providers.

[49 FR 323, Jan. 3, 1984]



Sec. 405.1841  Time, place, form, and content of request for Board hearing.

    (a) General requirements. (1) The request for a Board hearing must 
be filed in writing with the Board within 180 days of the date the 
notice of the intermediary's determination was mailed to the provider 
or, where notice of the determination was not timely rendered, within 
180 days after the expiration of the period specified in Sec. 
405.1835(c). Such request for Board hearing must identify the aspects of 
the determination with which the provider is dissatisfied, explain why 
the provider believes the determination is incorrect in such 
particulars, and be accompanied by any documenting evidence the provider 
considers necessary to support its position. Prior to the commencement 
of the hearing proceedings, the provider may identify in writing 
additional aspects of the intermediary's determination with which it is 
dissatisfied and furnish any documentary evidence in support thereof.
    (2) Effective April 20, 1983, any request for a Board hearing by 
providers that are under common ownership or control (see Sec. 413.17 
of this chapter) must be brought by the providers as a group appeal (see 
Sec. 405.1837(b)) with respect to any matters at issue involving a 
question of fact or of interpretation of law, regulations, or CMS 
Rulings common to the providers and for which the amount in controversy 
is $50,000 or more in the aggregate. If a group appeal is filed, the 
provider seeking the appeal must be separately identified in the request 
for hearing, which must be prepared and filed consistently with the 
requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (b) Extension of time limit for good cause. A request for a Board 
hearing filed after the time limit prescribed in paragraph (a) of this 
section shall be dismissed by the Board, except that for good cause 
shown, the time limit may be extended. However, no such extension shall 
be granted by the Board if such request is filed more than 3 years after 
the date the notice of the intermediary's determination is mailed to the 
provider.

[48 FR 39836, Sept. 1, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986]



Sec. 405.1842  Expediting Board proceedings.

    (a) Basis and purpose. This section implements section 1878(f)(1) of 
the Social Security Act, as amended by section 955 of Public Law 96-499 
(42 U.S.C. 1395oo(f)(1)). The amendment provides an opportunity for 
providers to obtain expedited administrative review when the Board 
determines that it does not have the authority to decide a question of 
law, regulation, or CMS Ruling relevant to the case (see Sec. 
405.1867).
    (b) Basic rule. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section, a provider may submit a written request to the Board, with 
supporting documentation, to determine whether the Board has the 
authority to decide a question of law, regulations, or CMS Rulings 
relevant to and controlling upon an issue to be reviewed by the Board. 
The Board is required to make an expedited review determination in 
writing, either denying or granting the request, within 30 days after 
the date of receipt of the request, as defined in paragraph (1) of this 
section. The Board may also issue a determination on its own motion that 
it lacks authority to decide a question of law, regulations or CMS 
Rulings.
    (2) The Board must determine that the provider (including each 
provider in a group appeal) is entitled to a hearing under section 
1878(a) of the Act before making the determination described in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Thus, the provider must file (or have 
already filed) a written request for a Board hearing that meets the 
requirements in Sec. 405.1841. The information and documentation 
required with respect to the filing of a request for a hearing is used 
by the Board to determine jurisdiction under section 1878(a) of the Act.

[[Page 204]]

    (3) A provider's request for an expedited review determination 
cannot be considered to be filed with the Board, nor can the 30-day time 
period during which the Board is required to make an expedited review 
determination begin, until such time as the Board accepts jurisdiction 
of the case.
    (4) Proceedings conducted by the Board under an authority other than 
section 1878(a) of the Act and Sec. Sec. 405.1835 through 405.1873 of 
this subpart are not hearings for purposes of this section and are not 
subject to the expedited Board proceedings set forth in this section. 
For example, proceedings concerning reimbursement for capital 
expenditures conducted under section 1122(f) of the Act and Sec. 
405.1890 of this subpart are not hearings for purposes of this section. 
(Section 1122(f) specifically bars any administrative or judicial 
review.)
    (c) ``Own motion'' review. If the Board is considering issuing a 
determination on its own motion that it lacks the authority to decide a 
question of law, regulations, or CMS Rulings, it will notify the 
provider and intermediary of its proposed determination and allow them a 
reasonable period of time to file evidence or arguments either to 
support or oppose the proposed determination.
    (d) Provider requests. (1) If a provider seeks an expedited Board 
proceeding, it must--(i) File its appropriately documented request in 
writing with the Board; and
    (ii) Send a copy of the request and documentation simultaneously to 
the intermediary.
    (2) The request to the Board for an expedited review determination 
must--(i) Identify the issues and the controlling law, regulation or CMS 
Ruling for which the Board is to make a determination;
    (ii) Allege and demonstrate that there are no factual issues in 
dispute;
    (iii) Contain an explanation of why the provider believes the Board 
cannot decide the legal issue or issues that are in dispute; and
    (iv) Include all other information or details that support the 
request.
    (3) If the information in the provider request is insufficient for 
the Board to determine whether it has the authority to decide an issue, 
the Board will request more information from the provider. Such a 
request will affect the 30-day time limit as provided in paragraph (i) 
of this section. If the provider does not send more information or sends 
inadequate information, the Board will determine that it has the 
authority to decide the issue and will begin the regular procedure for a 
hearing.
    (e) Intermediary participation. (1) After receiving a copy of the 
provider's request for an expedited review determination, the 
intermediary may send comments to the Board on the provider's request 
and supporting documentation. The intermediary will send a copy of its 
comments to the provider simultaneously.
    (2) If the intermediary's comments raise questions about the 
provider's request for expedited review, the Board may request 
additional information from the provider as provided in paragraph (d)(3) 
of this section.
    (f) Criteria for a Board determination. The Board will review all 
documentation forwarded by the provider and the intermediary relevant to 
the request for a Board determination concerning the Board's authority 
to decide an issue. In its review, the Board will consider--
    (1) The controlling facts in the case;
    (2) The applicability of law, regulations, or CMS rulings;
    (3) Whether there are factual issues for the Board to resolve; and
    (4) Whether there are legal issues within the authority of the Board 
to decide.
    (g) Board determination. (1) Within 30 days after the date of 
receipt (as defined in paragraph (i) of this section) of a provider's 
request and all necessary documentation the Board will issue a 
determination concerning its authority to decide the question of law, 
regulations, or CMS Rulings relevant to the issues identified by the 
provider in its request.
    (2) If there are factual or legal issues in dispute on an issue 
within the authority of the Board to decide, the Board will not make an 
expedited review determination on the particular issue but will proceed 
with a hearing. The Board has the authority to decide

[[Page 205]]

when two or more issues are sufficiently related to preclude separation 
for purposes of an expedited review determination on one or more of them 
and a hearing on the other or others.
    (3) The Board will promptly notify the provider in writing of its 
determination and will send a copy of the determination to the 
intermediary.
    (4) The Board's determination concerning its authority or its lack 
of a determination is not subject to the Secretary's review under Sec. 
405.1875.
    (h) Effect of a Board decision. (1) The Board's determination, 
issued on its own motion or at the request of a provider, that it lacks 
authority to decide a question of law, regulations or CMS Rulings is a 
final decision permitting a provider to seek judicial review with 
respect to the matter or matters in controversy contained in the 
determination, within 60 days of the date of the Board's determination.
    (2) After the Board has determined that it does not have the 
authority to decide an issue, the provider will not be granted a hearing 
on the same issue.
    (3) If the Board fails to issue an expedited review determination 
within 30 days of the date of receipt of a complete request (as 
determined under paragraph (i) of this section), the provider may, 
within 60 days from the end of that period, seek judicial review of the 
matters for which it requested the Board's determination.
    (4) If the Board fails to make an expedited review determination 
within the required 30 days, it will begin regular hearing procedures as 
though it has the authority to decide the issue.
    (5) If the provider seeks judicial review because the Board fails to 
make a determination as provided in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, it 
should notify the Board at the time it files for judicial review. The 
Board will not hold a hearing, even if one has been scheduled, on the 
matter or matters for which the provider is seeking judicial review.
    (6) The Board's determination does not affect the right of the 
provider to a Board hearing for issues for which the provider did not 
request expedited review, or for which the Board determines it does have 
the authority to decide, or for which the Board did not make a 
determination and the provider did not request judicial review.
    (i) Date of receipt. For purposes of this section, the date of 
receipt of the provider's request is the later of--
    (1) The actual date of receipt by the Board of the information 
required under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, or of additional 
information requested by the Board under paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section, whichever the Board receives later; or
    (2) The date indicated on the Board's written notification to the 
provider that the Board has accepted jurisdiction of the case.
    (j) Examples. Below are examples showing when a provider may expect 
to receive an expedited review determination, in relation to various 
circumstances affecting its request for the determination.
    (1) The provider requests a hearing and expedited review at or about 
the same time. If all information is complete, the Board could send 
notification that it has accepted jurisdiction of the case and the 
expedited review determination simultaneously.
    (2) The provider requests both a hearing and an expedited review 
determination, and supplies complete information. The Board accepts 
jurisdiction but, for example, because of the complexity of the case, 
the Board makes its expedited review determination within 30 days after 
it has accepted jurisdiction.
    (3) The provider requests both a hearing and an expedited review 
determination, but the request for a hearing does not contain enough 
information for the Board to determine jurisdiction. The Board would 
request more information to determine jurisdiction and would make its 
expedited review determination within 30 days after it has accepted 
jurisdiction.
    (4) The provider requests both a hearing and an expedited review 
determination, but does not send enough information for the Board to 
make an expedited review determination. Assuming the Board accepts 
jurisdiction, the Board would request more information about the request 
for expedited review and make its determination within 30 days after it 
receives the additional information.

[[Page 206]]

    (5) The provider requests an expedited review determination after 
the Board has accepted jurisdiction. The Board would make its 
determination within 30 days after receipt of an appropriately 
documented request for an expedited review determination.

[47 FR 31690, July 22, 1982, as amended at 48 FR 22925, May 23, 1983]



Sec. 405.1843  Parties to Board hearing.

    (a) The parties to the Board hearing shall be the provider, the 
intermediary (including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 
when acting directly as intermediary) that rendered the determination 
being appealed (see Sec. 405.1833), and any other entity found by the 
intermediary to be a related organization of such provider.
    (b) Except as provided in paragraph (a), neither the Secretary nor 
the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services may be made a party to the 
hearing. However, the Board may call as a witness any employee or 
officer of the Department of Health and Human Services having personal 
knowledge of the facts and the issues in controversy in a hearing 
pending before the Board and may call as a consultant to the Board in 
connection with any such hearing any individual designated by the 
Secretary for such purpose. (See Sec. 405.1863.)



Sec. 405.1845  Composition of Board.

    (a) The Board will consist of five members appointed by the 
Secretary. All shall be knowledgeable in the field of cost 
reimbursement. At least one shall be a certified public accountant. Two 
Board members shall be representative of providers of services.
    (b) The term of office for Board members shall be 3 years, except 
that initial appointments may be for such shorter terms as the Secretary 
may designate to permit staggered terms of office. No member shall serve 
more than two consecutive 3-year terms of office. The Secretary shall 
have the authority to terminate a Board member's term of office for good 
cause.
    (c) One member of the Board shall be designated by the Secretary as 
Chairman thereof and shall coordinate and direct the administrative 
activities of the Board, and shall have such other authority which may 
be granted to him by the Board.
    (d) A quorum shall be required for the rendering of Board decisions. 
Three members, at least one of whom is representative of providers of 
services, shall be required to constitute a quorum. The Chairman of the 
Board, with approval of the provider, may designate one or more Board 
members to conduct any hearing and to prepare a recommended decision 
(where less than a quorum conducts the hearing). (See Sec. 405.1869.)

[39 FR 34515, Sept. 26, 1974, as amended at 41 FR 52051, Nov. 26, 1976. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977]



Sec. 405.1847  Disqualification of Board members.

    No Board member shall join in the conduct of a hearing in a case in 
which he is prejudiced or partial with respect to any party or in which 
he has any interest in the matter pending for decision before him. 
Notice of any objection which a party may have with respect to a Board 
member shall be presented in writing to such Board member by the 
objecting party at its earliest opportunity. The Board member shall 
consider the objection and shall, in his discretion, either proceed to 
join in the conduct of the hearing or withdraw. If he does not withdraw, 
the objecting party may petition the Board, presenting its objection and 
reasons therefor, and be entitled to a ruling thereon before the hearing 
can proceed.



Sec. 405.1849  Establishment of time and place of hearing by the Board.

    The Board shall fix the time and place for the hearing and shall 
mail written notice thereof to the parties at their last known 
addresses, not less than 30 days prior to the scheduled time. Either on 
its own motion or for good cause shown by a party, the Board may, as 
appropriate, reschedule, adjourn, postpone, or reopen the hearing, 
provided that reasonable written notice is given to the parties.



Sec. 405.1851  Conduct of Board hearing.

    The Board hearing shall be open to the parties, to representatives 
of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and to such other 
persons as the

[[Page 207]]

Board deems necessary and proper. The Board shall inquire fully into all 
of the matters at issue and shall receive into evidence the testimony of 
witnesses and any documents which are relevant and material to such 
matters. If the Board believes that there is relevant and material 
evidence available which has not been presented at the hearing, it may 
at any time prior to the mailing of notice of the decision, reconvene 
the hearing for the receipt of such evidence. The order in which the 
evidence and the allegations shall be presented and the conduct of the 
hearing shall be at the discretion of the Board.



Sec. 405.1853  Prehearing discovery and other proceedings prior to the Board 
hearing.

    (a) Upon notification that a request for Board hearing has been 
filed, the intermediary shall forthwith review the materials submitted 
by the provider in accordance with Sec. 405.1841. Simultaneously, the 
intermediary shall review the information which formed the basis for its 
determination of the amount of program reimbursement. Based on the 
findings of such review, the intermediary shall expeditiously attempt to 
join with the provider in written stipulations setting forth the issues 
that said review has resolved and designating the issues that remain for 
Board resolution. Having obtained such stipulations and being satisfied 
that no further agreements can be negotiated, the intermediary shall 
ensure that all available documentary evidence in support of each 
party's position is part of the record. Such evidence will ordinarily 
include a position paper from the provider, a position paper from the 
intermediary, and any documents which support the issues addressed in 
the stipulations. These materials, in addition to all relevant documents 
which formed the basis for its determination of the amount of program 
reimbursement, shall be forwarded to the Board within 60 days after the 
date of the provider's request for Board review.
    (b) Prehearing discovery shall be permitted upon timely request of a 
party. To be timely, a request for discovery and inspection shall be 
made before the beginning of the hearing. A reasonable time for 
inspection and reproduction of documents shall be provided by order of 
the Board. The Board's order on all discovery matters shall be final.
    (c) If, in the discretion of the Board, the purpose of defining the 
issues more clearly would be served, the Board may schedule a prehearing 
conference. For this purpose, a single member of the Board may be 
appointed to act for the Board with respect to prehearing activities.



Sec. 405.1855  Evidence at Board hearing.

    Evidence may be received at the Board hearing even though 
inadmissible under the rules of evidence applicable to court procedure. 
The Board shall give the parties opportunity for submission and 
consideration of facts and arguments and during the course of the 
hearing should, in ruling upon admissibility of evidence, exclude 
irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious evidence. The Board shall 
render a final ruling on the admissibility of evidence.



Sec. 405.1857  Subpoenas.

    When reasonably necessary for the full presentation of a case, the 
Board may, either upon its own motion or upon the request of a party, 
issue subpoenas for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and for 
the production of books, records, correspondence, papers, or other 
documents which are relevant and material to any matter in issue at the 
hearing. Parties who desire the issuance of a subpoena shall, not less 
than 10 days prior to the time fixed for the hearing, file with the 
Board a written request therefor, designating the witnesses or documents 
to be produced, and describing the address, or location thereof with 
sufficient particularity to permit such witnesses or documents to be 
found. The request for a subpoena shall state the pertinent facts which 
the party expects to establish by such witnesses or documents and 
whether such facts could be established by other evidence without the 
use of a subpoena. Subpoenas, as provided for above, shall be issued in 
the name of the Board, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 
shall assume the cost of the issuance and the

[[Page 208]]

fees and mileage of any witness so subpoenaed, as provided in section 
205(d) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 405(d).



Sec. 405.1859  Witnesses.

    Witnesses at the hearing shall testify under oath or affirmation, 
unless excused by the Board for cause. The Board may examine the 
witnesses and shall allow the parties or their representatives to do so. 
Parties to the proceeding may also cross-examine witnesses.



Sec. 405.1861  Oral argument and written allegations.

    The parties, upon their request, shall be allowed a reasonable time 
for the presentation of oral argument or for the filing of briefs or 
other written statements of allegations as to facts or law. Copies of 
any brief or other written statement shall be filed in sufficient number 
that they may be made available to all parties and to the Centers for 
Medicare & Medicaid Services.



Sec. 405.1863  Administrative policy at issue.

    Where a party to the Board hearing puts into issue an administrative 
policy which is interpretative of the law or regulations, the Board will 
promptly notify to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.



Sec. 405.1865  Record of Board hearing.

    A complete record of the proceedings at the hearing shall be made 
and transcribed in all cases. It shall be made available to the parties 
upon request. The record will not be closed until a decision has been 
issued.



Sec. 405.1867  Sources of Board's authority.

    In exercising its authority to conduct the hearings described 
herein, the Board must comply with all the provisions of title XVIII of 
the Act and regulations issued thereunder, as well as CMS Rulings issued 
under the authority of the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & 
Medicaid Services (see Sec. 401.108 of this subchapter). The Board 
shall afford great weight to interpretive rules, general statements of 
policy, and rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice 
established by CMS.

[48 FR 22925, May 23, 1983]



Sec. 405.1869  Scope of Board's decision-making authority.

    The Board shall have the power to affirm, modify, or reverse a 
determination of an intermediary with respect to a cost report and to 
make any other modifications on matters covered by such cost report 
(including modifications adverse to the provider or other parties) even 
though such matters were not considered in the intermediary's 
determination. The opinion of the majority of those Board members 
deciding the case will constitute the Board's decision.



Sec. 405.1871  Board hearing decision and notice.

    (a) The Board shall, as soon as practicable after the conclusion of 
its hearing, render a written decision based upon the record made at 
such hearing, the record established in support of the determination of 
the intermediary (see Sec. 405.1803), and such other evidence as may be 
obtained or received by the Board. Such Board decision shall be 
supported by substantial evidence when the record of the Board hearing 
is viewed as a whole and shall cite applicable law, regulations, and CMS 
Rulings. A copy of the decision shall be mailed to all parties to the 
hearing at their last known addresses and, at the same time, to the 
Administrator and CMS.
    (b) The decision of the Board provided for in paragraph (a) of this 
section shall be final and binding upon all parties to the hearing 
before the Board unless it is reviewed by the Secretary in accordance 
with Sec. 405.1875, or revised in accordance with Sec. 405.1885.

[39 FR 34515, Sept. 26, 1974, as amended at 41 FR 52051, Nov. 26, 1976. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, as amended at 48 FR 45773, 
Oct. 7, 1983]



Sec. 405.1873  Board's jurisdiction.

    (a) Board decides jurisdiction. The Board decides questions relating 
to its jurisdiction to grant a hearing, including (1) the timeliness of 
an intermediary determination (see

[[Page 209]]

Sec. 405.1835(c)), and (2) the right of a provider to a hearing before 
the Board when the amount in controversy is in issue (see Sec. Sec. 
405.1835(a)(3) and 405.1837).
    (b) Matters not subject to board review. (1) The determination of a 
fiscal intermediary that no payment may be made under title XVIII of the 
Act for any expenses incurred for items and services furnished to an 
individual because such items and services are excluded from coverage 
pursuant to section 1862 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 1395y (see subpart C of 
this part), may not be reviewed by the Board. (Such determination shall 
be reviewed only in accordance with the applicable provisions of subpart 
G or H of this part.)
    (2) The Board may not review certain matters affecting payments to 
hospitals under the prospective payment system as provided in Sec. 
405.1804.

[48 FR 39836, Sept. 1, 1983]



Sec. 405.1875  Administrator's review.

    (a) General rule. (1) Except for a Board determination under Sec. 
405.1842 that it lacks the authority to decide an issue, the 
Administrator, at his or her discretion, may review any final decision 
of the Board, including a decision under Sec. 405.1873 about the 
Board's jurisdiction to grant a hearing. The Administrator may exercise 
this discretion on his or her own motion, in response to a request from 
a party to a Board hearing or in response to a request from CMS.
    (2) The Office of the Attorney Advisory will examine the Board's 
decisions, the requests made by a party or CMS and any submission made 
in accordance with the provisions of this section in order to assist the 
Administrator in deciding whether to exercise this review authority.
    (b) Request for review. A party or CMS requesting the Administrator 
to review a Board decision must file a written request with the 
Administrator within 15 days of the receipt of the Board decision.
    (c) Criteria for deciding whether to review. In deciding whether to 
review a Board decision, either on his or her own motion or in response 
to a request from a party to the hearing or CMS, the Administrator will 
normally consider whether it appears that:
    (1) The Board made an erroneous interpretation of law, regulation or 
CMS Ruling;
    (2) The Board's decision is not supported by substantial evidence; 
or
    (3) The case presents a significant policy issue having a basis in 
law and regulations, and review is likely to lead to the issuance of a 
CMS Ruling or other directive needed to clarify a statutory or 
regulatory provision;
    (4) The Board has incorrectly assumed or denied jurisdiction or 
extended its authority to a degree not provided for by statute, 
regulation or CMS Ruling; and
    (5) The decision of the Board requires clarification, amplification, 
or an alternative legal basis for the decision.
    (d) Decision to review. (1) Whether or not a party or CMS has 
requested review, the Administrator will promptly notify the parties and 
CMS whether he or she has decided to review a decision of the Board and, 
if so, will indicate the particular issues he or she will consider.
    (2) The Administrator may decline to review a case or any issue in a 
case even if a party has filed a written request for review under 
paragraph (b) of this section.
    (e) Written submissions. (1) Within 15 days of receipt of a notice 
that the Administrator has decided to review a Board decision, a party 
or CMS may submit to the Administrator, in writing:
    (i) Proposed findings and conclusions;
    (ii) Supporting views or exceptions to the Board decision;
    (iii) Supporting reasons for the exceptions and proposed findings; 
and
    (iv) A rebuttal of the other party's request for review or other 
submissions already filed with the Administrator.
    (2) These submissions shall be limited to issues the Administrator 
has decided to review and confined to the record of the Board hearing.
    (3) A party or CMS, within 15 days of receipt of a notice that the 
Administrator has decided to review a decision, may also request that 
the decision be remanded and state reasons for doing so. Reasons for a 
request to remand may include new, substantial evidence concerning--
    (i) Issues presented to the Board; and

[[Page 210]]

    (ii) New issues that have arisen since the case was presented to the 
Board.
    (4) A copy of any written submission made under this paragraph shall 
be sent simultaneously to each other party to the Board hearing and to 
CMS, if CMS has previously--
    (i) Requested that the Administrator review a Board decision or 
filed a written submission in response to a party's request for review.
    (ii) Responded to a party's request for review; or
    (iii) Submitted material after the Administrator has announced that 
he or she will review a Board decision.
    (f) Ex parte communications prohibited. All communications from any 
of the parties or CMS about a Board decision being reviewed by the 
Administrator must be in writing and must contain a certification that 
copies have been served on the parties and CMS, as appropriate. The 
Administrator will not consider any communication that does not meet 
these requirements or is not submitted within the required time limits.
    (g) Administrator's decision. (1) If the Administrator has notified 
the parties and CMS that he or she has decided to review a Board 
decision, the Administrator will affirm, reverse, modify or remand the 
case.
    (2) The Administrator will make this decision within 60 days after 
the provider received notification of the Board decision and will 
promptly mail a copy of the decision to each party and to CMS.
    (3) Any decision other than to remand will be confined to--
    (i) The record of the Board, as forwarded by the Board;
    (ii) Any materials submitted under paragraphs (b) or (e) of this 
section; and
    (iii) Generally known facts that are not subject to reasonable 
dispute.
    (4) The Administrator may rely on prior decisions of the Board, the 
Administrator and the courts, and other applicable law, whether or not 
cited by the parties and CMS.
    (h) Remand. (1) A remand to the Board by the Administrator vacates 
the Board's decision.
    (2) The Administrator may direct the Board to take further action 
with respect to the development of additional facts or new issues, or to 
consider the applicability of laws or regulations other than those 
considered by the Board. The following are not acceptable bases for 
remand--
    (i) Presentation of evidence existing at the time of the Board 
hearing that was known or reasonably could have been known;
    (ii) Introduction of a favorable court case that was either not 
available in print at the time of the Board hearing or was decided after 
the Board hearing;
    (iii) Change of a party's representation before the Board;
    (iv) Presentation of an alternative legal basis concerning an issue 
in dispute; or
    (v) Attempted retraction of a waiver of a right made before or at 
the Board hearing.
    (3) After remand, the Board will take the action requested in the 
remand action and issue a new decision.
    (4) The new decision will be final unless the Administrator 
reverses, affirms, modifies, or again remands the decision in accordance 
with the provisions of the section.

[48 FR 45773, Oct. 7, 1983]



Sec. 405.1877  Judicial review.

    (a) General rule. Section 1878(f) of the Act permits a provider to 
obtain judicial review of a final decision of the Board, or of a 
reversal, affirmation, or modification by the Administrator of a Board 
decision, by filing a civil action pursuant to the Federal Rules of 
Civil Procedure within 60 days of the date on which the provider 
received notice of--
    (1) A final decision by the Board; or
    (2) Any reversal, affirmance, or modification by the Administrator.

The Board's decision is not final if the Administrator reverses, affirms 
or modifies the decision within 60 days of the date on which the 
provider received notice of the decision.
    (b) Administrator declines to review a Board decision. If the 
Administrator declines to review a Board decision, the provider must 
file its appeal within 60 days of receipt of the decision of the Board.
    (c) Administrator does not act after reviewing a Board decision. If 
the Administrator notifies the parties that he or

[[Page 211]]

she has decided to review a Board decision and then does not make a 
decision within the 60 days allotted for his or her review, this 
subsequent inaction constitutes an affirmance allowing a provider an 
additional 60 days in which to file for judicial review, beginning with 
the date the Administrator's time expires for taking action under Sec. 
405.1875(g)(2).
    (d) Matters not subject to judicial review. Certain matters 
affecting payments to hospital under the prospective payment system are 
not subject to judicial review, as provided in section 1886(d)(7) of the 
Act and Sec. 405.1804.
    (e) Group appeals. Any action under this section by providers that 
are under common ownership or control (see Sec. 413.17 of this chapter) 
must be brought by the providers as a group with respect to any matter 
involving an issue common to the providers.
    (f) Venue for appeals. An action for judicial review must be brought 
in the District Court of the United States for the judicial district in 
which the provider is located (or, effective April 20, 1983, in an 
action brought jointly by several providers, the judicial district in 
which the greatest number of such providers are located) or in the 
District Court for the District of Columbia. Effective April 20, 1983, 
any action for judicial review by providers under common ownership or 
control (Sec. 413.17 of this chapter), must be brought by such 
providers as a group with respect to any matter involving an issue 
common to the providers.
    (g) Service of process. Process must be served as described under 45 
CFR part 4.

[48 FR 39836, Sept. 1, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 45774, Oct. 7, 1983; 51 
FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986]



Sec. 405.1881  Appointment of representative.

    A provider or other party may be represented by legal counsel or any 
other person it appoints to act as its representative at the 
proceedings, conducted in accordance with Sec. Sec. 405.1819 and 
405.1851.



Sec. 405.1883  Authority of representative.

    A representative appointed by a provider or other party may accept 
or give on behalf of the provider or other party any request or notice 
relative to any proceeding before a hearing officer or the Board. A 
representative shall be entitled to present evidence and allegations as 
to facts and law in any proceeding affecting the party he represents and 
to obtain information with respect to a request for an intermediary 
hearing or a Board hearing made in accordance with Sec. Sec. 405.1811, 
405.1835, or 405.1837 to the same extent as the party he represents. 
Notice to a provider or other party of any action, determination, or 
decision, or a request for the production of evidence by a hearing 
officer or the Board sent to the representative of the provider or other 
party shall have the same force and effect as if it had been sent to the 
provider or other party.



Sec. 405.1885  Reopening a determination or decision.

    (a) A determination of an intermediary, a decision by a hearing 
officer or panel of hearing officers, a decision by the Board, or a 
decision of the Secretary may be reopened with respect to findings on 
matters at issue in such determination or decision, by such intermediary 
officer or panel of hearing officers, Board, or Secretary, as the case 
may be, either on motion of such intermediary officer or panel of 
hearing officers, Board, or Secretary, or on the motion of the provider 
affected by such determination or decision to revise any matter in issue 
at any such proceedings. Any such request to reopen must be made within 
3 years of the date of the notice of the intermediary or Board hearing 
decision, or where there has been no such decision, any such request to 
reopen must be made within 3 years of the date of notice of the 
intermediary determination. No such determination or decision may be 
reopened after such 3-year period except as provided in paragraphs (d) 
and (e) of this section.
    (b)(1) An intermediary determination or an intermediary hearing 
decision must be reopened and revised by the intermediary if, within the 
3-year period specified in paragraph (a) of this section, CMS--

[[Page 212]]

    (i) Provides notice to the intermediary that the intermediary 
determination or the intermediary hearing decision is inconsistent with 
the applicable law, regulations, CMS ruling, or CMS general instructions 
in effect, and as CMS understood those legal provisions, at the time the 
determination or decision was rendered by the intermediary; and
    (ii) Explicitly directs the intermediary to reopen and revise the 
intermediary determination or the intermediary hearing decision.
    (2) A change of legal interpretation or policy by CMS in a 
regulation, CMS ruling, or CMS general instruction, whether made in 
response to judicial precedent or otherwise, is not a basis for 
reopening an intermediary determination or an intermediary hearing 
decision under this section.
    (3) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, CMS may 
direct the intermediary to reopen a particular intermediary 
determination or intermediary hearing decision in order to implement, 
for the same intermediary determination or intermediary decision--
    (i) A final agency decision under Sec. Sec. 405.1833, 405.1871(b), 
405.1875, or 405.1877(a) of this part;
    (ii) A final nonappealable court judgment; or
    (iii) An agreement to settle an administrative appeal or a lawsuit.
    (c) Jurisdiction for reopening a determination or decision rests 
exclusively with that administrative body that rendered the last 
determination or decision.
    (d) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, 
an intermediary determination or hearing decision, a decision of the 
Board, or a decision of the Secretary shall be reopened and revised at 
any time if it is established that such determination or decision was 
procured by fraud or similar fault of any party to the determination or 
decision.
    (e) Notwithstanding an intermediary's discretion to reopen or not 
reopen an intermediary determination or an intermediary hearing decision 
under paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section, CMS may direct an 
intermediary to reopen, or not to reopen, an intermediary determination 
or an intermediary hearing decision in accordance with paragraphs (a) 
and (c) of this section.
    (f) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section apply to determinations 
on cost reporting periods ending on or after December 31, 1971. (See 
Sec. 405.1801(c).) However, the 3-year period described shall also 
apply to determinations with respect to cost reporting periods ending 
prior to December 31, 1971, but only if the reopening action was 
undertaken after May 27, 1972 (the effective date of regulations which, 
prior to the publication of this subpart R, governed the reopening of 
such determinations).

[39 FR 34515, Sept. 26, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 
1977, and amended at 50110, Aug. 1, 2002]



Sec. 405.1887  Notice of reopening.

    (a) All parties to any reopening described above shall be given 
written notice of the reopening. When such reopening results in any 
revision in the prior decision notice of said revision or revisions will 
be mailed to the parties with a complete explanation of the basis for 
the revision or revisions. Notices of reopenings by the Board shall also 
be sent to the Secretary.
    (b) In any such reopening, the parties to the prior decision shall 
be allowed a reasonable period of time in which to present any 
additional evidence or argument in support of their position.



Sec. 405.1889  Effect of a revision.

    Where a revision is made in a determination or decision on the 
amount of program reimbursement after such determination or decision has 
been reopened as provided in Sec. 405.1885, such revision shall be 
considered a separate and distinct determination or decision to which 
the provisions of Sec. Sec. 405.1811, 405.1835, 405.1875 and 405.1877 
are applicable. (See Sec. 405.1801(c) for applicable effective dates.)

Subparts S-T [Reserved]

[[Page 213]]



   Subpart U_Conditions for Coverage of Suppliers of End-Stage Renal 
                         Disease (ESRD) Services

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1138, 1861, 1862(a), 1871, 1874, and 1881 of 
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1320b-8, 1395x, 1395y(a), 
1395hh, 1395kk, and 1395rr), unless otherwise noted.

    Source: 41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977.



Sec. 405.2100  Scope of subpart.

    (a) The regulations in this subpart prescribe the role which End-
Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) networks have in the ESRD program, establish 
the mechanism by which minimal utilization rates are promulgated and 
applied, under section 1881(b)(1) of the Act, and describe the health 
and safety requirements that facilities furnishing ESRD care to 
beneficiaries must meet. These regulations further prescribe the role of 
ESRD networks in meeting the requirements of section 1881(c) of the Act.
    (b) The general objectives of the ESRD program are contained in 
Sec. 405.2101, and general definitions are contained in Sec. 405.2102. 
The provisions of Sec. Sec. 405.2110, 405.2112 and 405.2113 discuss the 
establishment and activities of ESRD networks, network organizations and 
membership requirements and restrictions for members of the medical 
review boards. Sections 405.2120 through 405.2124 discuss the 
establishment of minimal utilization rates and the requirements for 
approval of facilities with respect to such rates. Sections 405.2130 
through 405.2140 discuss general requirements for, and description of, 
all facilities furnishing ESRD services. Sections 405.2160 through 
405.2164 discuss specific requirements for facilities which furnish ESRD 
dialysis services. Sections 405.2170 and 405.2171 discuss specific 
requirements for facilities which furnish ESRD transplantation services.

[51 FR 30361, Aug. 26, 1986]



Sec. 405.2101  Objectives of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) program.

    The objectives of the end-stage renal disease program are:
    (a) To assist beneficiaries who have been diagnosed as having end-
stage renal disease (ESRD) to receive the care they need;
    (b) To encourage proper distribution and effective utlization of 
ESRD treatment resources while maintaining or improving the quality of 
care;
    (c) To provide the flexibility necessary for the efficient delivery 
of appropriate care by physicians and facilities; and
    (d) To encourage self-dialysis or transplantation for the maximum 
practical number of patients who are medically, socially, and 
psychologically suitable candidates for such treatment.

[43 FR 48950, Oct. 19, 1979]



Sec. 405.2102  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart, the following definitions apply:
    Agreement. A written document executed between an ESRD facility and 
another facility in which the other facility agrees to assume 
responsibility for furnishing specified services to patients and for 
obtaining reimbursement for those services.
    Arrangement. A written document executed between an ESRD facility 
and another facility in which the other facility agrees to furnish 
specified services to patients but the ESRD facility retains 
responsibility for those services and for obtaining reimbursement for 
them.
    Dialysis. A process by which dissolved substances are removed from a 
patient's body by diffusion from one fluid compartment to another across 
a semipermeable membrane. The two types of dialysis that are currently 
in common use are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
    End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). That stage of renal impairment that 
appears irreversible and permanent, and requires a regular course of 
dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain life.
    ESRD facility. A facility which is approved to furnish at least one 
specific ESRD service (see definition of ``ESRD service''). Such 
facilities are:
    (a) Renal Transplantation Center. A hospital unit which is approved 
to furnish directly transplantation and other medical and surgical 
specialty services

[[Page 214]]

required for the care of the ESRD transplant patients, including 
inpatient dialysis furnished directly or under arrangement. A Renal 
Transplantation Center may also be a Renal Dialysis Center.
    (b) Renal dialysis center. A hospital unit which is approved to 
furnish the full spectrum of diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative 
services required for the care of ESRD dialysis patients (including 
inpatient dialysis furnished directly or under arrangement). A hospital 
need not provide renal transplantation to qualify as a renal dialysis 
center.
    (c) Renal dialysis facility. A unit which is approved to furnish 
dialysis service(s) directly to ESRD patients.
    (d) Self-dialysis unit. A unit that is part of an approved renal 
transplantation center, renal dialysis center, or renal dialysis 
facility, and furnishes self-dialysis services.
    (e) Special purpose renal dialysis facility. A renal dialysis 
facility which is approved under Sec. 405.2164 to furnish dialysis at 
special locations on a short-term basis to a group of dialysis patients 
otherwise unable to obtain treatment in the geographical area. The 
special locations must be either special rehabilitative (including 
vacation) locations serving ESRD patients temporarily residing there, or 
locations in need of ESRD facilities under emergency circumstances.
    ESRD service. The type of care or services furnished to an ESRD 
patient. Such types of care are:
    (a) Transplantation service. A process by which (1) a kidney is 
excised from a live or cadaveric donor, (2) that kidney is implanted in 
an ESRD patient, and (3) supportive care is furnished to the living 
donor and to the recipient following implantation.
    (b) Dialysis service--(1) Inpatient dialysis. Dialysis which, 
because of medical necessity, is furnished to an ESRD patient on a 
temporary inpatient basis in a hospital;
    (2) Outpatient dialysis. Dialysis furnished on an outpatient basis 
at a renal dialysis center or facility. Outpatient dialysis includes:
    (i) Staff-assisted dialysis. Dialysis performed by the staff of the 
center or facility.
    (ii) Self-dialysis. Dialysis performed, with little or no 
professional assistance, by an ESRD patient who has completed an 
appropriate course of training.
    (3) Home dialysis. Dialysis performed by an appropriately trained 
patient at home.
    (c) Self-dialysis and home dialysis training. A program that trains 
ESRD patients to perform self-dialysis or home dialysis with little or 
no professional assistance, and trains other individuals to assist 
patients in performing self-dialysis or home dialysis.
    Furnishes directly. The ESRD facility provides the service through 
its own staff and employees, or through individuals who are under direct 
contract to furnish such services personally for the facility (i.e., not 
through ``agreements'' or ``arrangements'').
    Furnishes on the premises. The ESRD facility furnishes services on 
its main premises; or on its other premises that are (a) contiguous with 
or in immediate proximity to the main premises, and under the direction 
of the same professional staff and governing body as the main premises, 
or (b) approved on a time-limited basis as a special purpose renal 
dialysis facility.
    Histocompatibility testing. Laboratory test procedures which 
determine compatibility between a potential organ donor and a potential 
organ transplant recipient.
    Medical care criteria. Predetermined elements against which aspects 
of the quality of a medical service may be compared. They are developed 
by professionals relying on professional expertise and on the 
professional literature.
    Medical care norms. Numerical or statistical measures of usual 
observed performance. Norms are derived from aggregate information 
related to the health care provided to a large number of patients over a 
period of time.
    Medical care standards. Professionally developed expressions of the 
range of acceptable variation from a norm or criterion.
    Medical care evaluation study (MCE). Review of health care services, 
usually performed retrospectively, in which an indepth assessment of the 
quality and/or utilization of such services is made.

[[Page 215]]

    Network, ESRD. All Medicare-approved ESRD facilities in a designated 
geographic area specified by CMS.
    Network organization. The administrative governing body to the 
network and liaison to the Federal government.
    Organ procurement. The process of acquiring donor kidneys. (See 
definition of Organ procurement organization in Sec. 485.302 of this 
chapter.)
    Qualified personnel. Personnel that meet the requirements specified 
in this paragraph.
    (a) Chief executive officer. A person who:
    (1) Holds at least a baccalaureate degree or its equivalent and has 
at least 1 year of experience in an ESRD unit; or
    (2) Is a registered nurse or physician director as defined in this 
definition; or
    (3) As of September 1, 1976, has demonstrated capability by acting 
for at least 2 years as a chief executive officer in a dialysis unit or 
transplantation program.
    (b) Dietitian. A person who:
    (1) Is eligible for registration by the American Dietetic 
Association under its requirements in effect on June 3, 1976, and has at 
least 1 year of experience in clinical nutrition; or
    (2) Has a baccalaureate or advanced degree with major studies in 
food and nutrition or dietetics, and has at least 1 year of experience 
in clinical nutrition.
    (c) Medical record practitioner. A person who:
    (1) Has graduated from a program for Medical Record Administrators 
accredited by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical 
Association and the American Medical Record Association, and is eligible 
for certification as a Registered Record Administrator (RRA) by the 
American Medical Record Association under its requirements in effect on 
June 3, 1976.
    (2) Has graduated from a program for Medical Record Technicians 
approved jointly by the Council on Medical Education of the American 
Medical Association and the American Medical Record Association, and is 
eligible for certification as an Accredited Record Technician (ART) by 
the American Medical Record Association under its requirements in effect 
June 3, 1976, or
    (3) Has successfully completed and received a satisfactory grade in 
the American Medical Record Association's Correspondence Course for 
Medical Record Personnel approved by the Accrediting Commission of the 
National Home Study Council, and is eligible for certification as an 
Accredited Record Technician by the American Medical Record Association 
under its requirements in effect June 3, 1976.
    (d) Nurse responsible for nursing service. A person who is licensed 
as a registered nurse by the State in which practicing, and (1) has at 
least 12 months of experience in clinical nursing, and an additional 6 
months of experience in nursing care of the patient with permanent 
kidney failure or undergoing kidney transplantation, including training 
in and experience with the dialysis process; or
    (2) Has 18 months of experience in nursing care of the patient on 
maintenance dialysis, or in nursing care of the patient with a kidney 
transplant, including training in and experience with the dialysis 
process;
    (3) If the nurse responsible for nursing service is in charge of 
self-care dialysis training, at least 3 months of the total required 
ESRD experience is in training patients in self-care.
    (e) Physician-director. A physician who:
    (1) Is board eligible or board certified in internal medicine or 
pediatrics by a professional board, and has had at least 12 months of 
experience or training in the care of patients at ESRD facilities; or
    (2) During the 5-year period prior to September 1, 1976, served for 
at least 12 months as director of a dialysis or transplantation program;
    (3) In those areas where a physician who meets the definition in 
paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition is not available to direct a 
participating dialysis facility, another physician may direct the 
facility, subject to the approval of the Secretary.
    (f) Social worker. A person who is licensed, if applicable, by the 
State in which practicing, and
    (1) Has completed a course of study with specialization in clinical 
practice at, and holds a masters degree from, a

[[Page 216]]

graduate school of social work accredited by the Council on Social Work 
Education; or
    (2) Has served for at least 2 years as a social worker, 1 year of 
which was in a dialysis unit or transplantation program prior to 
September 1, 1976, and has established a consultative relationship with 
a social worker who qualifies under paragraph (f)(1) of this definition.
    (g) Transplantation surgeon. A person who:
    (1) Is board eligible or board certified in general surgery or 
urology by a professional board; and
    (2) Has at least 12 months training or experience in the performance 
of renal transplantation and the care of patients with renal 
transplants.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 43 FR 48950, Oct. 19, 1978; 51 FR 30361, Aug. 26, 1986; 53 
FR 6547, Mar. 1, 1988; 55 FR 9575, Mar. 14, 1990]



Sec. 405.2110  Designation of ESRD networks.

    CMS designated ESRD networks in which the approved ESRD facilities 
collectively provide the necessary care for ESRD patients.
    (a) Effect on patient choice of facility. The designation of 
networks does not require an ESRD patient to seek care only through the 
facilities in the designated network where the patient resides, nor does 
the designation of networks limit patient choice of physicians or 
facilities, or preclude patient referral by physicians to a facility in 
another designated network.
    (b) Redesignation of networks. CMS will redesignate networks, as 
needed, to ensure that the designations are consistent with ESRD program 
experience, consistent with ESRD program objectives specified in Sec. 
405.2101, and compatible with efficient program administration.

[51 FR 30361, Aug. 26, 1986]



Sec. 405.2111  [Reserved]



Sec. 405.2112  ESRD network organizations.

    CMS will designate an administrative governing body (network 
organization) for each network. The functions of a network organization 
include but are not limited to the following:
    (a) Developing network goals for placing patients in settings for 
self-care and transplantation.
    (b) Encouraging the use of medically appropriate treatment settings 
most compatible with patient rehabilitation and the participation of 
patients, providers of services, and renal disease facilities in 
vocational rehabilitation programs.
    (c) Developing criteria and standards relating to the quality and 
appropriateness of patient care and, with respect to working with 
patients, facilities, and providers of services, for encouraging 
participation in vocational rehabilitation programs.
    (d) Evaluating the procedures used by facilities in the network in 
assessing patients for placement in appropriate treatment modalities.
    (e) Making recommendations to member facilities as needed to achieve 
network goals.
    (f) On or before July 1 of each year, submitting to CMS an annual 
report that contains the following information:
    (1) A statement of the network goals.
    (2) The comparative performance of facilities regarding the 
placement of patients in appropriate settings for--
    (i) Self-care;
    (ii) Transplants; and
    (iii) Vocational rehabilitation programs.
    (3) Identification of those facilities that consistently fail to 
cooperate with the goals specified under paragraph (f)(1) of this 
section or to follow the recommendations of the medical review board.
    (4) Identification of facilities and providers that are not 
providing appropriate medical care.
    (5) Recommendations with respect to the need for additional or 
alternative services in the network including self-dialysis training, 
transplantation and organ procurement.
    (g) Evaluating and resolving patient grievances.
    (h) Appointing a network council and a medical review board (each 
including at least one patient representative) and supporting and 
coordinating the activities of each.

[[Page 217]]

    (i) Conducting on-site reviews of facilities and providers as 
necessary, as determined by the medical review board or CMS, using 
standards of care as specified under paragraph (c) of this section.
    (j) Collecting, validating, and analyzing such data as necessary to 
prepare the reports required under paragraph (f) of this section and the 
Secretary's report to Congress on the ESRD program and to assure the 
maintenance of the registry established under section 1881(c)(7) of the 
Act.

[53 FR 1620, Jan. 21, 1988]



Sec. 405.2113  Medical review board.

    (a) General. The medical review board must be composed of 
physicians, nurses, and social workers engaged in treatment relating to 
ESRD and qualified to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of care 
delivered to ESRD patients, and at least one patient representative.
    (b) Restrictions on medical review board members. (1) A medical 
review board member must not review or provide advice with respect to 
any case in which he or she has, or had, any professional involvement, 
received reimbursement or supplied goods.
    (2) A medical review board member must not review the ESRD services 
of a facility in which he or she has a direct or indirect financial 
interest (as described in section 1126(a)(1) of the Act).

[51 FR 30361, Aug. 26, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 1620, Jan. 21, 1988]



Sec. 405.2114  [Reserved]



Sec. 405.2120  Minimum utilization rates: general.

    Section 1881(b)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1395rr(b)(1)) authorizes the Secretary to limit payment for ESRD care to 
those facilities that meet the requirements that the Secretary may 
prescribe, including minimum utilization rates for covered 
transplantations. The minimum utilization rates, which are explained and 
specified in Sec. Sec. 405.2121 through 405.2130, may be changed from 
time to time in accordance with program experience. Changes will be 
published as amendments to these regulations.

[55 FR 23440, June 8, 1990]



Sec. 405.2121  Basis for determining minimum utilization rates.

    In developing minimum utilization rates, the Secretary takes into 
account the performance of ESRD facilities, the availability of care, 
the quality of care, and the efficient utilization of equipment and 
personnel, based on the following evidence:
    (a) Information on the geographic distribution of ESRD patients and 
facilities;
    (b) Information on quality of care; and
    (c) Information on operational and management efficiency.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept 30, 1977, 
as amended at 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986; 55 FR 23440, June 8, 1990]



Sec. 405.2122  Types and duration of classification according to utilization 
rates.

    A renal transplantation center that meets all the other conditions 
for coverage of ESRD services will be classified according to its 
utilization rate(s) as follows: Unconditional status, conditional 
status, exception status, or not eligible for reimbursement for that 
ESRD service. Such classification will be based on previously reported 
utilization data (see Sec. 405.2124, except as specified in paragraph 
(a) of this section), and will be effective until notification of 
subsequent classification occurs. (See Sec. 405.2123 for reporting 
requirements; Sec. 405.2124 for method of calculating rates: Sec. 
405.2130 for specific standards.)
    (a) Initial classification. (1) A renal transplantation center that 
has not previously participated in the ESRD program will be granted 
conditional status if it submits a written plan, detailing how it will 
achieve the utilization rates for conditional status by the end of the 
second calendar year of its operation under the ESRD program, and the 
rates required for unconditional status by the end of its fourth 
calendar year of operation.
    (2) The renal transplantation center's performance will be evaluated 
at the

[[Page 218]]

end of the first calendar year to ascertain whether it is properly 
implementing the plan.
    (b) Exception status. (1) A renal transplantation center that does 
not meet the minimum utilization rate for unconditional or conditional 
status may be approved by the Secretary for a time limited exception 
status if:
    (i) It meets all other conditions for coverage under this subpart;
    (ii) It is unable to meet the minimum utilization rate because it 
lacks a sufficient number of patients and is located in an area without 
a sufficient population base to support a center or facility which would 
meet the rate; and
    (iii) Its absence would adversely affect the achievement of ESRD 
program objectives.
    (2) A hospital that furnishes renal transplantation services 
primarily to pediatric patients and is approved as a renal dialysis 
center under this subpart, but does not meet the utilization standards 
prescribed in Sec. 405.2130(a), may be approved by the Secretary for a 
time limited exception status if:
    (i) It meets all other conditions for coverage as a renal 
transplantation center;
    (ii) The surgery is performed under the direct supervision of a 
qualified transplantation surgeon (Sec. 405.2102) who is also 
performing renal transplantation surgery at an approved renal 
transplantation center that is primarily oriented to adult nephrology;
    (iii) It has an agreement, with the other hospital serviced by the 
surgeon, for sharing limited resources that are needed for kidney 
transplantation; and
    (iv) There are pediatric patients who need the surgery and who 
cannot obtain it from any other hospital located within a reasonable 
distance.

[43 FR 48951, Oct. 19, 1978, as amended at 45 FR 58124, Sept. 2, 1980; 
51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986; 55 FR 23440, June 8, 1990]



Sec. 405.2123  Reporting of utilization rates for classification.

    Each hospital furnishing renal transplantation services must submit 
an annual report to CMS on its utilization rates. The report must 
include both the number of transplants performed during the most recent 
year of operation and the number performed during each of the preceding 
2 calendar years.

[55 FR 23441, June 8, 1990]



Sec. 405.2124  Calculation of utilization rates for comparison with minimal 
utilization rate(s) and notification of status.

    For purposes of classification the Secretary will use either the 
utilization rate for the preceding 12 months or the average utilization 
rate of the preceding 2 calendar years, whichever is higher. The 
Secretary will inform each ESRD facility and the network coordinating 
council of the network area in which the ESRD facility is located of the 
results of this classification.



Sec. 405.2130  Condition: Minimum utilization rates.

    Unless a renal transplantation center is granted an exception under 
Sec. 405.2122(b), the center must meet the following minimum 
utilization rate(s) for unconditional or conditional status:
    (a) Unconditional status: 15 or more transplants performed annually.
    (b) Conditional status: 7 to 14 transplants performed annually.

[55 FR 23441, June 8, 1990]



Sec. 405.2131  Condition: Provider status: Renal transplantation center or 
renal dialysis center.

    A renal transplantation center or a renal dialysis center (Sec. 
405.2102(e) (1) or (2)) operated by a hospital may qualify for approval 
and be reimbursed under the ESRD program only if the hospital is 
otherwise an approved provider in the Medicare program.



Sec. 405.2132  [Reserved]



Sec. 405.2133  Condition: Furnishing data and information for ESRD program 
administration.

    The ESRD facility, laboratory performing histocompatibility testing, 
and organ procurement organization furnishes data and information in the 
manner and at the intervals specified by the Secretary, pertaining to 
its ESRD patient care activities and costs,

[[Page 219]]

for inclusion in a national ESRD medical information system and in 
compilations relevant to program administration, including claims 
processing and reimbursement. Such information is treated as 
confidential when it pertains to individual patients and is not 
disclosed except as authorized by Department regulations on 
confidentiality and disclosure (see 45 CFR parts 5, 5b, and part 401 of 
this chapter).

[53 FR 6548, Mar. 1, 1988]



Sec. 405.2134  Condition: Participation in network activities.

    Each facility must participate in network activities and pursue 
network goals.

[51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986]



Sec. 405.2135  Condition: Compliance with Federal, State and local laws and regulations.

    The ESRD facility is in compliance with applicable Federal, State 
and local laws, and regulations.
    (a) Standard: licensure. Where State or applicable local law 
provides for the licensing of ESRD facilities, the facility is:
    (1) Licensed pursuant to such law; or
    (2) Approved by the agency of such State or locality responsible for 
such licensing as meeting the standards established for such licensing.
    (b) Standard: licensure or registration of personnel. Each staff 
member is currently licensed or registered in accordance with applicable 
law.
    (c) Standard: conformity with other laws. The facility is in 
conformity with applicable laws and regulations pertaining to fire 
safety, equipment, and other relevant health and safety requirements.



Sec. 405.2136  Condition: Governing body and management.

    The ESRD facility is under the control of an identifiable governing 
body, or designated person(s) so functioning, with full legal authority 
and responsibility for the governance and operation of the facility. The 
governing body adopts and enforces rules and regulations relative to its 
own governance and to the health care and safety of patients, to the 
protection of the patients' personal and property rights, and to the 
general operation of the facility. The governing body receives and acts 
upon recommendations from the network organization. The governing body 
appoints a chief executive officer who is responsible for the overall 
management of the facility.
    (a) Standard: disclosure of ownership. The ESRD facility supplies 
full and complete information to the State survey agency (Sec. 
405.1902(a)) as to the identity of:
    (1) Each person who has any direct or indirect ownership interest of 
10 per centum or more in the facility, or who is the owner (in whole or 
in part) of any mortgage, deed of trust, note, or other obligation 
secured (in whole or in part) by the facility or any of the property or 
assets of the facility;
    (2) Each officer and director of the corporation, if the facility is 
organized as a corporation; and
    (3) Each partner, if the facility is organized as a partnership; and 
promptly reports to the State survey agency any changes which would 
affect the current accuracy of the information so required to be 
supplied.
    (b) Standard: Operational objectives. The operational objectives of 
the ESRD facility, including the services that it provides, are 
established by the governing body and delineated in writing. The 
governing body adopts effective administrative rules and regulations 
that are designed to safeguard the health and safety of patients and to 
govern the general operations of the facility, in accordance with legal 
requirements. Such rules and regulations are in writing and dated. The 
governing body ensures that they are operational, and that they are 
reviewed at least annually and revised as necessary. If the ESRD 
facility is engaged in the practice of hemodialyzer reuse, the governing 
body ensures that there are written policies and procedures with respect 
to reuse, to assure that recommended standards and conditions are being 
followed, and requires that patients be informed of the policies and 
procedures.

[[Page 220]]

    (1) The objectives of the facility are formulated in writing and 
clearly stated in documents appropriate for distribution to patients, 
facility personnel, and the public.
    (2) A description of the services provided by the facility, together 
with a categorical listing of the types of diagnostic and therapeutic 
procedures that may be performed, is readily available upon request to 
all concerned.
    (3) Admission criteria that insure equitable access to services are 
adopted by the facility and are readily available to the public. Access 
to the self-dialysis unit is available only to patients for whom the 
facility maintains patient care plans (see Sec. 405.2137).
    (4) The operational objectives and administrative rules and 
regulations of the facility are reviewed at least annually and revised 
as necessary by the administrative staff, medical director, and other 
appropriate personnel of the facility, and are adopted when approved by 
the governing body.
    (c) Standard: chief executive officer. The governing body appoints a 
qualified chief executive officer who, as the ESRD facility's 
administrator: Is responsible for the overall management of the 
facility; enforces the rules and regulations relative to the level of 
health care and safety of patients, and to the protection of their 
personal and property rights; and plans, organizes, and directs those 
responsibilities delegated to him by the governing body. Through 
meetings and periodic reports, the chief executive officer maintains on-
going liaison among the governing body, medical and nursing personnel, 
and other professional and supervisory staff of the facility, and acts 
upon recommendations made by the medical staff and the governing body. 
In the absence of the chief executive officer, a qualified person is 
authorized in writing to act on the officer's behalf.
    (1) The governing body delineates in writing the responsibilities of 
the chief executive officer, and ensures that he/she is sufficiently 
free from other duties to provide effective direction and management of 
the operations and fiscal affairs of the facility.
    (2) The chief executive officer serves on a full-time or part-time 
basis, in accordance with the scope of the facility's operations and 
administrative needs, and devotes sufficient time to the conduct of such 
responsibilities.
    (3) The responsibilities of the chief executive officer include but 
are not limited to:
    (i) Implementing the policies of the facility and coordinating the 
provision of services, in accordance with delegations by the governing 
body.
    (ii) Organizing and coordinating the administrative functions of the 
facility, redelegating duties as authorized, and establishing formal 
means of accountability for those involved in patient care.
    (iii) Authorizing expenditures in accordance with established 
policies and procedures.
    (iv) Familiarizing the staff with the facility's policies, rules, 
and regulations, and with applicable Federal, State, and local laws and 
regulations.
    (v) Maintaining and submitting such records and reports, including a 
chronological record of services provided to patients, as may be 
required by the facility's internal committees and governing body, or as 
required by the Secretary.
    (vi) Participating in the development, negotiation, and 
implementation of agreements or contracts into which the facility may 
enter, subject to approval by the governing body of such agreements or 
contracts.
    (vii) Participating in the development of the organizational plan 
and ensuring the development and implementation of an accounting and 
reporting system, including annual development of a detailed budgetary 
program, maintenance of fiscal records, and quarterly submission to the 
governing body of reports of expenses and revenues generated through the 
facility's operation.
    (viii) Ensuring that the facility employs the number of qualified 
personnel needed; that all employees have appropriate orientation to the 
facility and their work responsibilities upon employment; and that they 
have an opportunity for continuing education and related development 
activities.
    (d) Standard: personnel policies and procedures. The governing body, 
through the chief executive officer of the ESRD facility, is responsible 
for maintaining and implementing written

[[Page 221]]

personnel policies and procedures that support sound patient care and 
promote good personnel practices. These policies and procedures ensure 
that:
    (1) All members of the facility's staff are qualified to perform the 
duties and responsibilities assigned to them and meet such Federal, 
State, and local professional requirements as may apply.
    (2) A safe and sanitary environment for patients and personnel 
exists, and reports of incidents and accidents to patients and personnel 
are reviewed to identify health and safety hazards. Health supervision 
of personnel is provided, and they are referred for periodic health 
examinations and treatments as necessary or as required by Federal, 
State, and local laws. Procedures are established for routine testing to 
ensure detection of hepatitis and other infectious diseases.
    (3) If the services of trainees are utilized in providing ESRD 
services, such trainees are under the direct supervision of qualified 
professional personnel.
    (4) Complete personnel records are maintained on all personnel. 
These include health status reports, resumes of training and experience, 
and current job descriptions that reflect the employees' 
responsibilities and work assignments.
    (5) Personnel policies are written and made available to all 
personnel in the facility. The policies provide for an effective 
mechanism to handle personnel grievances.
    (6) All personnel of the facility participate in educational 
programs on a regular basis. These programs cover initial orientation, 
and continuing inservice training, including procedures for infection 
control. Records are maintained showing the content of training sessions 
and the attendance at such sessions.
    (7) Personnel manuals are maintained, periodically updated, and made 
available to all personnel involved in patient care.
    (e) Standard: use of outside resources. If the ESRD facility makes 
arrangements for the provision of a specific service as authorized in 
this subpart, the responsibilities, functions, objectives, and the terms 
of each arrangement, including financial provisions and charges, are 
delineated in a document signed by an authorized representative of the 
facility and the person or agency providing the service. The chief 
executive officer when utilizing outside resource, as a consultant, 
assures that he is apprised of recommendations, plans for 
implementation, and continuing assessment through dated, signed reports, 
which are retained by the chief executive officer for follow-up action 
and evaluation of performance.
    (f) Standard: patient care policies. The ESRD facility has written 
policies, approved by the governing body, concerning the provision of 
dialysis and other ESRD services to patients. The governing body reviews 
implementation of policies periodically to ensure that the intent of the 
policies is carried out. These policies are developed by the physician 
responsible for supervising and directing the provision of ESRD 
services, or the facility's organized medical staff (if there is one), 
with the advice of (and with provision for review of such policies from 
time to time, but at least annually, by) a group of professional 
personnel associated with the facility, including, but not limited to, 
one or more physicians and one or more registered nurses experienced in 
rendering ESRD care.
    (1) The patient care policies cover the following:
    (i) Scope of services provided by the facility (either directly or 
under arrangement).
    (ii) Admission and discharge policies (in relation to both in-
facility care and home care).
    (iii) Medical supervision and physician services.
    (iv) Patient long term programs, patient care plans and methods of 
implementation.
    (v) Care of patients in medical and other emergencies.
    (vi) Pharmaceutical services.
    (vii) Medical records (including those maintained in the ESRD 
facility and in the patients' homes, to ensure continuity of care).
    (viii) Administrative records.
    (ix) Use and maintenance of the physical plant and equipment.

[[Page 222]]

    (x) Consultant qualifications, functions, and responsibilities.
    (xi) The provision of home dialysis support services, if offered 
(see Sec. 405.2163(e)).
    (2) The physician-director of the facility is designated in writing 
to be responsible for the execution of patient care policies. If the 
responsibility for day-to-day execution of patient care policies has 
been delegated by a physican director to (or, in the case of a self-
dialysis unit, to another licensed health practitioner) a registered 
nurse, the physican-director provides medical guidance in such matters.
    (3) The facility policy provides that, whenever feasible, hours for 
dialysis are scheduled for patient convenience and that arrangements are 
made to accommodate employed patients who wish to be dialyzed during 
their non-working hours.
    (4) The governing body adopts policies to ensure there is evaluation 
of the progress each patient is making toward the goals stated in the 
patient's long term program and patient's care plan (see Sec. 
405.2137(a)). Such evaluations are carried out through regularly 
scheduled conferences, with participation by the staff involved in the 
patient's care.
    (g) Standard: medical supervision and emergency coverage. The 
governing body of the ESRD dialysis and/or transplant facility ensures 
that the health care of every patient is under the continuing 
supervision of a physician and that a physician is available in 
emergency situations.
    (1) The physician responsible for the patient's medical supervision 
evaluates the patient's immediate and long-term needs and on this basis 
prescribes a planned regimen of care which covers indicated dialysis and 
other ESRD treatments, services, medications, diet, special procedures 
recommended for the health and safety of the patient, and plans for 
continuing care and discharge. Such plans are made with input from other 
professional personnel involved in the care of the patient.
    (2) The governing body ensures that there is always available 
medical care for emergencies, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. There is 
posted at the nursing/monitoring station a roster with the names of the 
physicians to be called, when they are available for emergencies, and 
how they can be reached.
    (h) Standard: medical staff. The governing body of the ESRD facility 
designates a qualified physician (see Sec. 405.2102) as director of the 
ESRD services; the appointment is made upon the recommendation of the 
facility's organized medical staff, if there is one. The governing body 
establishes written policies regarding the development, negotiation, 
consummation, evaluation, and termination of appointments to the medical 
staff.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 48952, Oct. 19, 1978; 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986; 
52 FR 36934, Oct. 2, 1987]



Sec. 405.2137  Condition: Patient long-term program and patient care plan.

    Each facility maintains for each patient a written long-term program 
and a written patient care plan to ensure that each patient receives the 
appropriate modality of care and the appropriate care within that 
modality. The patient, or where appropriate, parent or legal guardian is 
involved with the health team in the planning of care. A copy of the 
current program and plan accompany the patient on interfacility 
transfer.
    (a) Standard: patient long-term program. There is a written long-
term program representing the selection of a suitable treatment modality 
(i.e., dialysis or transplantation) and dialysis setting (e.g., home, 
self-care) for each patient.
    (1) The program is developed by a professional team which includes 
but is not limited to the physician director of the dialysis facility or 
center where the patient is currently being treated, a physician 
director of a center or facility which offers self-care dialysis 
training (if not available at the location where the patient is being 
treated), a transplant surgeon, a qualified nurse responsible for 
nursing services, a qualified dietitian and a qualified social worker.
    (2) The program is formally reviewed and revised in writing as 
necessary by

[[Page 223]]

a team which includes but is not limited to the physician director of 
the dialysis facility or center where the patient is presently being 
treated, in addition to the other personnel listed in paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section at least every 12 months or more often as indicated by 
the patient's response to treatment (see Sec. 405.2161(b)(1) and Sec. 
405.2170(a)).
    (3) The patient, parent, or legal guardian, as appropriate, is 
involved in the development of the patient's long-term program, and due 
consideration is given to his preferences.
    (4) A copy of the patient's long-term program accompanies the 
patient on interfacility transfer or is sent within 1 working day.
    (b) Standard: patient care plan. There is a written patient care 
plan for each patient of an ESRD facility (including home dialysis 
patients under the supervision of the ESRD facility; see Sec. 
405.2163(e)), based upon the nature of the patient's illness, the 
treatment prescribed, and an assessment of the patient's needs.
    (1) The patient care plan is personalized for the individual, 
reflects the psychological, social, and functional needs of the patient, 
and indicates the ESRD and other care required as well as the 
individualized modifications in approach necessary to achieve the long-
term and short-term goals.
    (2) The plan is developed by a professional team consisting of at 
least the physician responsible for the patient's ESRD care, a qualified 
nurse responsible for nursing services, a qualified social worker, and a 
qualified dietitian.
    (3) The patient, parent, or legal guardian, as appropriate, is 
involved in the development of the care plan, and due consideration is 
given to his preferences.
    (4) The care plan for patients whose medical condition has not 
become stabilized is reviewed at least monthly by the professional 
patient care team described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. For 
patients whose condition has become stabilized, the care plan is 
reviewed every 6 months. The care plan is revised as necessary to insure 
that it provides for the patients ongoing needs.
    (5) If the patient is transferred to another facility, the care plan 
is sent with the patient or within 1 working day.
    (6) For a home-dialysis patient whose care is under the supervision 
of the ESRD facility, the care plan provides for periodic monitoring of 
the patient's home adaptation, including provisions for visits to the 
home by qualified facility personnel to the extent appropriate. (See 
Sec. 405.2163(e).)
    (7) Beginning July 1, 1991, for a home dialysis patient, and 
beginning January 1, 1994, for any dialysis patient, who uses EPO in the 
home, the plan must provide for monitoring home use of EPO that includes 
the following:
    (i) Review of diet and fluid intake for indiscretions as indicated 
by hyperkalemia and elevated blood pressure secondary to volume 
overload.
    (ii) Review of medications to ensure adequate provision of 
supplemental iron.
    (iii) Ongoing evaluations of hematocrit and iron stores.
    (iv) A reevaluation of the dialysis prescription taking into account 
the patient's increased appetite and red blood cell volume.
    (v) A method for physician followup on blood tests and a mechanism 
(such as a patient log) for keeping the physician informed of the 
results.
    (vi) Training of the patient to identify the signs and symptoms of 
hypotension and hypertension.
    (vii) The decrease or discontinuance of EPO if hypertension is 
uncontrollable.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 43 FR 48952, Oct. 19, 1978; 59 FR 1284, Jan. 10, 1994; 59 
FR 26958, May 25, 1994]



Sec. 405.2138  Condition: Patients' rights and responsibilities.

    The governing body of the ESRD facility adopts written policies 
regarding the rights and responsibilities of patients and, through the 
chief executive officer, is responsible for development of, and 
adherence to, procedures implementing such policies. These policies and 
procedures are made available to patients and any guardians, next of

[[Page 224]]

kin, sponsoring agency(ies), representative payees (selected pursuant to 
section 205(j) of the Social Security Act and subpart Q of 20 CFR part 
404), and to the public. The staff of the facility is trained and 
involved in the execution of such policies and procedures. The patients' 
rights policies and procedures ensure at least the following:
    (a) Standard: informed patients. All patients in the facility:
    (1) Are fully informed of these rights and responsibilities, and of 
all rules and regulations governing patient conduct and 
responsibilities;
    (2) Are fully informed of services available in the facility and of 
related charges including any charges for services not covered under 
title XVIII of the Social Security Act;
    (3) Are fully informed by a physician of their medical condition 
unless medically contraindicated (as documented in their medical 
records);
    (4) Are fully informed regarding the facility's reuse of dialysis 
supplies, including hemodialyzers. If printed materials such as 
brochures are utilized to describe a facility and its services, they 
must contain a statement with respect to reuse; and
    (5) Are fully informed regarding their suitability for 
transplantation and home dialysis.
    (b) Standard: participation in planning. All patients treated in the 
facility:
    (1) Are afforded the opportunity to participate in the planning of 
their medical treatment and to refuse to participate in experimental 
research;
    (2) Are transferred or discharged only for medical reasons or for 
the patient's welfare or that of other patients, or for nonpayment of 
fees (except as prohibited by title XVIII of the Social Security Act), 
and are given advance notice to ensure orderly transfer or discharge.
    (c) Standard: respect and dignity. All patients are treated with 
consideration, respect, and full recognition of their individuality and 
personal needs, including the need for privacy in treatment. Provision 
is made for translators where a significant number of patients exhibit 
language barriers.
    (d) Standard: confidentiality. All patients are ensured confidential 
treatment of their personal and medical records, and may approve or 
refuse release of such records to any individual outside the facility, 
except in case of their transfer to another health care institution or 
as required by Federal, State, or local law and the Secretary for proper 
administration of the program.
    (e) Standard: grievance mechanism. All patients are encouraged and 
assisted to understand and exercise their rights. Grievances and 
recommended changes in policies and services may be addressed to 
facility staff, administration, the network organization, and agencies 
or regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over the facility, through any 
representative of the patient's choice, without restraint or 
interference, and without fear of discrimination or reprisal.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986; 52 FR 36934, Oct. 2, 1987]



Sec. 405.2139  Condition: Medical records.

    The ESRD facility maintains complete medical records on all patients 
(including self-dialysis patients within the self-dialysis unit and home 
dialysis patients whose care is under the supervision of the facility) 
in accordance with accepted professional standards and practices. A 
member of the facility's staff is designated to serve as supervisor of 
medical records services, and ensures that all records are properly 
documented, completed, and preserved. The medical records are completely 
and accurately documented, readily available, and systematically 
organized to facilitate the compilation and retrieval of information.
    (a) Standard: medical record. Each patient's medical record contains 
sufficient information to identify the patient clearly, to justify the 
diagnosis and treatment, and to document the results accurately. All 
medical records contain the following general categories of information: 
Documented evidence of assessment of the needs of the patient, whether 
the patient is treated with a reprocessed hemodialyzer, of establishment 
of an appropriate plan of treatment, and of the care and services 
provided (see Sec. 405.2137(a) and (b)); evidence that the patient was 
informed of the results of the assessment described in

[[Page 225]]

Sec. 405.2138(a)(5); identification and social data; signed consent 
forms referral information with authentication of diagnosis; medical and 
nursing history of patient; report(s) of physician examination(s); 
diagnostic and therapeutic orders; observations, and progress notes; 
reports of treatments and clinical findings; reports of laboratory and 
other diagnostic tests and procedures; and discharge summary including 
final diagnosis and prognosis.
    (b) Standard: protection of medical record information. The ESRD 
facility safeguards medical record information against loss, 
destruction, or unauthorized use. The ESRD facility has written policies 
and procedures which govern the use and release of information contained 
in medical records. Written consent of the patient, or of an authorized 
person acting in behalf of the patient, is required for release of 
information not provided by law. Medical records are made available 
under stipulation of confidentiality for inspection by authorized agents 
of the Secretary, as required for administration of the ESRD program 
under Medicare.
    (c) Standard: medical records supervisor. A member of the ESRD 
facility's staff is designated to serve as supervisor of the facility's 
medical records service. The functions of the medical records supervisor 
include, but are not limited to, the following: Ensuring that the 
records are documented, completed, and maintained in accordance with 
accepted professional standards and practices; safeguarding the 
confidentiality of the records in accordance with established policy and 
legal requirements; ensuring that the records contain pertinent medical 
information and are filed for easy retrieval. When necessary, 
consultation is secured from a qualified medical record practitioner.
    (d) Standard: Completion of medical records and centralization of 
clinical information. Current medical records and those of discharged 
patients are completed promptly. All clinical information pertaining to 
a patient is centralized in the patient's medical record. Provision is 
made for collecting and including in the medical record medical 
information generated by self-dialysis patients. Entries concerning the 
daily dialysis process may either be completed by staff, or be completed 
by trained self-dialysis patients, trained home dialysis patients or 
trained assistants and countersigned by staff.
    (e) Standard: retention and preservation of records. Medical records 
are retained for a period of time not less than that determined by the 
State statute governing records retention or statute of limitations; or 
in the absence of a State statute, 5 years from the date of discharge; 
or, in the case of a minor, 3 years after the patient becomes of age 
under State law, whichever is longest.
    (f) Standard: location and facilities. The facility maintains 
adequate facilities, equipment, and space conveniently located, to 
provide efficient processing of medical records (e.g., reviewing, 
filing, and prompt retrieval) and statistical medical information (e.g., 
required abstracts, reports, etc.).
    (g) Standard: transfer of medical information. The facility provides 
for the interchange of medical and other information necessary or useful 
in the care and treatment of patients transferred between treating 
facilities, or in determining whether such patients can be adequately 
cared for otherwise than in either of such facilities.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 43 FR 48952, Oct. 19, 1978; 52 FR 36934, Oct. 2, 1987]



Sec. 405.2140  Condition: Physical environment.

    The physical environment in which ESRD services are furnished 
affords a functional, sanitary, safe, and comfortable setting for 
patients, staff, and the public.
    (a) Standard: building and equipment. The physical structure in 
which ESRD services are furnished is constructed, equipped, and 
maintained to insure the safety of patients, staff, and the public.
    (1) Fire extinguishers are conveniently located on each floor of the 
facility and in areas of special hazard. Fire regulations and fire 
management procedures are prominently posted and properly followed.
    (2) All electrical and other equipment used in the facility is 
maintained free of defects which could be a potential hazard to patients 
or personnel. There

[[Page 226]]

is established a planned program of preventive maintenance of equipment 
used in dialysis and related procedures in the facility.
    (3) The areas used by patients are maintained in good repair and 
kept free of hazards such as those created by damaged or defective parts 
of the building.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (5)(i) The ESRD facility must employ the water quality requirements 
listed in paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this section developed by the 
Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and 
published in ``Hemodialysis Systems,'' second edition, which is 
incorporated by reference.
    (ii) Required water quality requirements are those listed in 
sections 3.2.1, Water Bacteriology; 3.2.2, Maximum Level of Chemical 
Contaminants; and in Appendix B: Guideline for Monitoring Purity of 
Water Used for Hemodialysis as B1 through B5.
    (iii) Incorporation by reference of the AAMI's ``Hemodialysis 
Systems,'' second edition, 1992, was approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. 
\1\ If any changes in ``Hemodialysis Systems,'' second edition, are also 
to be incorporated by reference, a notice to that effect will be 
published in the Federal Register.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ The publication entitled ``Hemodialysis Systems,'' second 
edition, 1992, is available for inspection at the CMS Information 
Resource Center, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244-1850 and 
at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For 
information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-
6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--
federal--regulations/ibr--locations.html. Copies may be purchased from 
the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, 3300 
Washington Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201-4598.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Standard: favorable environment for patients. The facility is 
maintained and equipped to provide a functional sanitary, and 
comfortable environment with an adequate amount of well-lighted space 
for the service provided.
    (1) There are written policies and procedures in effect for 
preventing and controlling hepatitis and other infections. These 
policies include, but are not limited to, appropriate procedures for 
surveillance and reporting of infections, housekeeping, handling and 
disposal of waste and contaminants, and sterilization and disinfection, 
including the sterilization and maintenance of equipment where dialysis 
supplies are reused, there are written policies and procedures covering 
the rinsing, cleaning, disinfection, preparation and storage of reused 
items which conform to requirements for reuse in Sec. 405.2150.
    (2) Treatment areas are designed and equipped to provide adequate 
and safe dialysis therapy, as well as privacy and comfort for patients. 
The space for treating each patient is sufficient to accomodate 
medically needed emergency equipment and staff and to ensure that such 
equipment and staff can reach the patient in an emergency. There is 
sufficient space in units for safe storage of self-dialysis supplies.
    (3) There is a nursing/monitoring station from which adequate 
surveillance of patients receiving dialysis services can be made.
    (4) Heating and ventilation systems are capable of maintaining 
adequate and comfortable temperatures.
    (5) Each ESRD facility utilizing a central-batch delivery system 
provides, either on the premises or through affiliation agreement or 
arrangement (see Sec. 405.2160) sufficient individual delivery systems 
for the treatment of any patient requiring special dialysis solutions.
    (c) Standard contamination prevention. The facility employs 
appropriate techniques to prevent cross-contamination between the unit 
and adjacent hospital or public areas including, but not limited to, 
food service areas, laundry, disposal of solid waste and blood-
contaminated equipment, and disposal of contaminants into sewage 
systems. Waste storage and disposal are carried out in accordance with 
applicable local laws and accepted public health procedures. The written 
patient care policies (see Sec. 405.2136(f)(1)) specify the functions 
that are carried out by facility personnel and by the self-dialysis 
patients with respect to contamination prevention. Where dialysis 
supplies are reused, records are maintained that can be used to 
determine whether established procedures covering the rinsing,

[[Page 227]]

cleaning, disinfection, preparation and storage of reused items, conform 
to requirements for reuse in Sec. 405.2150.
    (d) Standard: emergency preparedness. Written policies and 
procedures specifically define the handling of emergencies which may 
threaten the health or safety of patients. Such emergencies would exist 
during a fire or natural disaster or during functional failures in 
equipment. Specific emergency preparedness procedures exist for 
different kinds of emergencies. These are reviewed and tested at least 
annually and revised as necessary by, or under the direction of, the 
chief executive officer. All personnel are knowledgeable and trained in 
their respective roles in emergency situations.
    (1) There is an established written plan for dealing with fire and 
other emergencies which, when necessary, is developed in cooperation 
with fire and other expert personnel.
    (2) All personnel are trained, as part of their employment 
orientation, in all aspects of preparedness for any emergency or 
disaster. The emergency preparedness plan provides for orientation and 
regular training and periodic drills for all personnel in all procedures 
so that each person promptly and correctly carries out a specified role 
in case of an emergency.
    (3) There is available at all times on the premises a fully equipped 
emergency tray, including emergency drugs, medical supplies, and 
equipment, and staff are trained in its use.
    (4) The staff is familiar with the use of all dialysis equipment and 
procedures to handle medical emergencies.
    (5) Patients are trained to handle medical and nonmedical 
emergencies. Patients must be fully informed regarding what to do, where 
to go, and whom to contact if a medical or nonmedical emergency occurs.

(Secs. 1102, 1871, 1881(b), Social Security Act; 42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395hh, 
1395rr(b))

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 43 FR 48952, Oct. 19, 1978; 45 FR 24839, Apr. 10, 1980; 52 
FR 36934, Oct. 2, 1987; 60 FR 48043, Sept. 18, 1995; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 
9, 2004]



Sec. 405.2150  Condition: Reuse of hemodialyzers and other dialysis supplies.

    An ESRD facility that reuses hemodialyzers and other dialysis 
supplies meets the requirements of this section. Failure to meet any of 
paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section constitutes grounds for 
denial of payment for the dialysis treatment affected and termination 
from participation in the Medicare program.
    (a) Standard: Hemodialyzers. If the ESRD facility reuses 
hemodialyzers, it conforms to the following:
    (1) Reuse guidelines. Voluntary guidelines adopted by the AAMI 
(``Reuse of Hemodialyzers,'' second edition). Incorporation by reference 
of the AAMI's ``Reuse of Hemodialyzers,'' second edition, 1993, was 
approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. \1\ If any changes in ``Reuse of 
Hemodialyzers,'' second edition, are also to be incorporated by 
reference, a notice to that effect will be published in the Federal 
Register.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ The publication entitled ``Reuse of Hemodialyzers,'' second 
edition, 1993, is available for inspection at the CMS Information 
Resources Center, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244-1850 and 
at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For 
information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-
6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--
federal--regulations/ibr--locations.html. Copies may be purchased from 
the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, 3300 
Washington Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201-4598.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Procedure for chemical germicides. To prevent any risk of 
dialyzer membrane leaks due to the combined action of different chemical 
germicides, dialyzers are exposed to only one chemical germicide during 
the reprocessing procedure. If a dialyzer is exposed to a second 
germicide, the dialyzer must be discarded.
    (3) Surveillance of patient reactions. In order to detect bacteremia 
and to maintain patient safety when unexplained events occur, the 
facility--
    (i) Takes appropriate blood cultures at the time of a febrile 
response in a patient; and

[[Page 228]]

    (ii) If pyrogenic reactions, bacteremia, or unexplained reactions 
associated with ineffective reprocessing are identified, terminates 
reuse of hemodialyzers in that setting and does not continue reuse until 
the entire reprocessing system has been evaluated.
    (b) Standard: Transducer filters. To control the spread of 
hepatitis, transducer filters are changed after each dialysis treatment 
and are not reused.
    (c) Standard: Bloodlines. If the ESRD facility reuses bloodlines, it 
must--
    (1) Limit the reuse of bloodlines to the same patient;
    (2) Not reuse bloodlines labeled for ``single use only'';
    (3) Reuse only bloodlines for which the manufacturer's protocol for 
reuse has been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 
pursuant to the premarket notification (section 510(k)) provision of the 
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; and
    (4) Follow the FDA-accepted manufacturer's protocol for reuse of 
that bloodline.

[52 FR 36935, Oct. 2, 1987, as amended at 55 FR 18335, May 2, 1990; 60 
FR 48044, Sept. 18, 1995; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004]



Sec. 405.2160  Condition: Affiliation agreement or arrangement.

    (a) A renal dialysis facility and a renal dialysis center (see Sec. 
405.2102(e)(2)) have in effect an affiliation agreement or arrangement 
with each other, in writing, for the provision of inpatient care and 
other hospital services.
    (b) The affiliation agreement or arrangement provides the basis for 
effective working relationships under which inpatient hospital care or 
other hospital services are available promptly to the dialysis 
facility's patients when needed. The dialysis facility has in its files 
documentation from the renal dialysis center to the effect that patients 
from the dialysis facility will be accepted and treated in emergencies. 
There are reasonable assurances that:
    (1) Transfer or referral of patients will be effected between the 
renal dialysis center and the dialysis facility whenever such transfer 
or referral is determined as medically appropriate by the attending 
physician, with timely acceptance and admission;
    (2) There will be interchange, within 1 working day, of the patient 
long-term program and patient care plan, and of medical and other 
information necessary or useful in the care and treatment of patients 
transferred or referred between the facilities, or in determining 
whether such patients can be adequately cared for otherwise than in 
either of such facilities; and
    (3) Security and accountability for patients' personal effects are 
assured.



Sec. 405.2161  Condition: Director of a renal dialysis facility or renal 
dialysis center.

    Treatment is under the general supervision of a Director who is a 
physician. The physician-director need not devote full time as Director 
but is responsible for planning, organizing, conducting, and directing 
the professional ESRD services and must devote sufficient time to 
carrying out these responsibilities. The director may also serve as the 
Chief Executive Officer of the facility.
    (a) Standard: qualifications. The director of a dialysis facility is 
a qualified physician-director. (See Sec. 405.2102.)
    (b) Standard: responsibilities. The responsibilities of the 
physician-director include but are not limited to the following:
    (1) Participating in the selection of a suitable treatment modality, 
i.e., transplantation or dialysis, and dialysis setting, for all 
patients;
    (2) Assuring adequate training of nurses and technicians in dialysis 
techniques;
    (3) Assuring adequate monitoring of the patient and the dialysis 
process, including, for self-dialysis patients, assuring periodic 
assessment of patient performance of dialysis tasks;
    (4) Assuring the development and availability of a patient care 
policy and procedures manual and its implementation. As a minimum, the 
manual describes the types of dialysis used in the facility and the 
procedures followed in performance of such dialysis; hepatitis 
prevention and procedures for handling an individual with hepatitis; and 
a disaster preparedness plan (e.g., patient emergency, fire, flood); and

[[Page 229]]

    (5) When self-dialysis training or home dialysis training is 
offered, assuring that patient teaching materials are available for the 
use of all trainees during training and at times other than during the 
dialysis procedure.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 43 FR 48952, Oct. 19, 1978; 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986]



Sec. 405.2162  Condition: Staff of a renal dialysis facility or renal 
dialysis center.

    Properly trained personnel are present in adequate numbers to meet 
the needs of the patients, including those arising from medical and 
nonmedical emergencies.
    (a) Standard: Registered nurse. The dialysis facility employs at 
least one full time qualified nurse responsible for nursing service. 
(See Sec. 405.2102.)
    (b) Standard: On-duty personnel. Whenever patients are undergoing 
dialysis:
    (1) One currently licensed health professional (e.g., physician, 
registered nurse, or licensed practical nurse) experienced in rendering 
ESRD care is on duty to oversee ESRD patient care;
    (2) An adequate number of personnel are present so that the patient/
staff ratio is appropriate to the level of dialysis care being given and 
meets the needs of patients; and
    (3) An adequate number of personnel are readily available to meet 
medical and nonmedical needs.
    (c) Standard: Self-care dialysis training personnel. If the facility 
offers self-care dialysis training, a qualified nurse is in charge of 
such training (see Sec. 405.2102.)

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 43 FR 48953, Oct. 19, 1978; 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986]



Sec. 405.2163  Condition: Minimal service requirements for a renal dialysis 
facility or renal dialysis center.

    The facility must provide dialysis services, as well as adequate 
laboratory, social, and dietetic services to meet the needs of the ESRD 
patient.
    (a) Standard: Outpatient dialysis services--(1) Staff-assisted 
dialysis services. The facility must provide all necessary institutional 
dialysis services and staff required in performing the dialysis.
    (2) Self-dialysis services. If the facility offers self-dialysis 
services, it must provide all medically necessary supplies and equipment 
and any other service specified in the facility's patient care policies.
    (b) Standard: Laboratory services. The dialysis facility makes 
available laboratory services (other than the specialty of tissue 
pathology and histocompatibility testing), to meet the needs of the ESRD 
patient. All laboratory services must be performed by an appropriately 
certified laboratory in accordance with part 493 of this chapter. If the 
renal dialysis facility furnishes its own laboratory services, it must 
meet the applicable requirements established for certification of 
laboratories found in part 493 of this chapter. If the facility does not 
provide laboratory services, it must make arrangements to obtain these 
services from a laboratory certified in the appropriate specialties and 
subspecialties of service in accordance with the requirements of part 
493 of this chapter.
    (c) Standard: Social services. Social services are provided to 
patients and their families and are directed at supporting and 
maximizing the social functioning and adjustment of the patient. Social 
services are furnished by a qualified social worker (Sec. 405.2102) who 
has an employment or contractual relationship with the facility. The 
qualified social worker is responsible for conducting psychosocial 
evaluations, participating in team review of patient progress and 
recommending changes in treatment based on the patient's current 
psychosocial needs, providing casework and groupwork services to 
patients and their families in dealing with the special problems 
associated with ESRD, and identifying community social agencies and 
other resources and assisting patients and families to utilize them.
    (d) Standard: Dietetic services. Each patient is evaluated as to his 
nutritional needs by the attending physician and by a qualified 
dietician (Sec. 405.2102) who has an employment or contractual 
relationship with the facility. The dietician, in consultation with the 
attending physician, is responsible for assessing the nutritional and 
dietetic needs of each patient, recommending

[[Page 230]]

therapeutic diets, counseling patients and their families on prescribed 
diets, and monitoring adherence and response to diets.
    (e) Standard: Self-dialysis support services. The renal dialysis 
facility or center furnishing self-dialysis training upon completion of 
the patient's training, furnishes (either directly, under agreement or 
by arrangement with another ESRD facility) the following services:
    (1) Surveillance of the patient's home adaptation, including 
provisions for visits to the home or the facility;
    (2) Consultation for the patient with a qualified social worker and 
a qualified dietitian;
    (3) A recordkeeping system which assures continuity of care;
    (4) Installation and maintenance of equipment;
    (5) Testing and appropriate treatment of the water; and
    (6) Ordering of supplies on an ongoing basis.
    (f) Standard: Participation in recipient registry. The dialysis 
facility or center participates in a patient registry program with an 
OPO designated or redesignated under part 486, subpart G of this 
chapter, for patients who are awaiting cadaveric donor transplantation.
    (g) Use of EPO at home: Patient selection. The dialysis facility, or 
the physician responsible for all dialysis-related services furnished to 
the patient, must make a comprehensive assessment that includes the 
following:
    (1) Pre-selection monitoring. The patient's hematocrit (or 
hemoglobin), serum iron, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, and 
blood pressure must be measured.
    (2) Conditions the patient must meet. The assessment must find that 
the patient meets the following conditions:
    (i) On or after July 1, 1991, is a home dialysis patient or, on or 
after January 1, 1994, is a dialysis patient;
    (ii) Has a hematocrit (or comparable hemoglobin level) that is as 
follows:
    (A) For a patient who is initiating EPO treatment, no higher than 30 
percent unless there is medical documentation showing the need for EPO 
despite a hematocrit (or comparable hemoglobin level) higher than 30 
percent. (Patients with severe angina, severe pulmonary distress, or 
severe hypertension may require EPO to prevent adverse symptoms even if 
they have higher hematocrit or hemoglobin levels.)
    (B) For a patient who has been receiving EPO from the facility or 
the physician, between 30 and 33 percent.
    (iii) Is under the care of--
    (A) A physician who is responsible for all dialysis-related services 
and who prescribes the EPO and follows the drug labeling instructions 
when monitoring the EPO home therapy; and
    (B) A renal dialysis facility that establishes the plan of care and 
monitors the progress of the home EPO therapy.
    (3) Conditions the patient or the patient's caregiver must meet. The 
assessment must find that the patient or a caregiver who assists the 
patient in performing self-dialysis meets the following conditions:
    (i) Is trained by the facility to inject EPO and is capable of 
carrying out the procedure.
    (ii) Is capable of reading and understanding the drug labeling.
    (iii) Is trained in, and capable of observing, aseptic techniques.
    (4) Care and storage of drug. The assessment must find that EPO can 
be stored in the patient's residence under refrigeration and that the 
patient is aware of the potential hazard of a child's having access to 
the drug and syringes.
    (h) Use of EPO at home: Responsibilities of the physician or the 
dialysis facility. The patient's physician or dialysis facility must--
    (1) Develop a protocol that follows the drug label instructions;
    (2) Make the protocol available to the patient to ensure safe and 
effective home use of EPO; and
    (3) Through the amounts prescribed, ensure that the drug ``on hand'' 
at any time does not exceed a 2-month supply.

[43 FR 48953, Oct. 19, 1978, as amended at 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986; 
57 FR 7134, Feb. 28, 1992; 59 FR 1284, Jan. 10, 1994; 59 FR 26958, May 
25, 1994; 59 FR 46513, Sept. 8, 1994; 61 FR 19743, May 2, 1996]

[[Page 231]]



Sec. 405.2164  Conditions for coverage of special purpose renal dialysis 
facilities.

    (a) A special purpose renal dialysis facility must comply with all 
conditions for coverage for renal dialysis facilities specified in 
Sec. Sec. 405.2130 through 405.2164, with the exception of Sec. Sec. 
405.2134, and 405.2137 that relate to participation in the network 
activities and patient long-term programs.
    (b) A special purpose renal dialysis facility must consult with a 
patient's physician to assure that care provided in the special purpose 
dialysis facility is consistent with the patient's long-term program and 
patient care plan required under Sec. 405.2137.
    (c) The period of approval for a special purpose renal dialysis 
facility may not exceed 8 calendar months in any calendar year.
    (d) A special purpose renal dialysis facility may provide services 
only to those patients who would otherwise be unable to obtain 
treatments in the geographical areas served by the facility.

[48 FR 21283, May 11, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986]



Sec. 405.2170  Condition: Director of a renal transplantation center.

    The renal transplantation center is under the general supervision of 
a qualified transplantation surgeon (Sec. 405.2102) or a qualified 
physician-director (Sec. 405.2102), who need not serve full time. This 
physician is responsible for planning, organizing, conducting, and 
directing the renal transplantation center and devotes sufficient time 
to carry out these responsibilities, which include but are not limited 
to the following:
    (a) Participating in the selection of a suitable treatment modality 
for each patient.
    (b) Assuring adequate training, of nurses in the care of transplant 
patients.
    (c) Assuring that tissue typing and organ procurement services are 
available either directly or under arrangement.
    (d) Assuring that transplantation surgery is performed under the 
direct supervision of a qualified transplantation surgeon.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986; 59 FR 46514, Sept. 8, 1994]



Sec. 405.2171  Condition: Minimal service requirements for a renal 
transplantation center.

    Kidney transplantation is furnished directly by a hospital that is 
participating as a provider of services in the Medicare program and is 
approved by CMS as a renal transplantation center. The renal 
transplantation center is under the overall direction of a hospital 
administrator and medical staff; if operated by an organizational 
subsidiary, it is under the direction of an administrator and medical 
staff member (or committee) who are directly responsible to the hospital 
administrator and medical staff, respectively. Patients are accepted for 
transplantation only on the order of a physician and their care 
continues under the supervision of a physician.
    (a) Standard: participation in recipient registry. The renal 
transplantation center participates in a patient registry program with 
an OPO certified or recertified under part 485, subpart D of this 
chapter for patients who are awaiting cadaveric donor transplantation.
    (b) Standard: social services. Social services are provided to 
patients and their families and are directed at supporting and 
maximizing the social functioning and adjustment of the patient. Social 
services are furnished by a qualified social worker (Sec. 405.2102) who 
has an employment or contractual relationship with the facility. The 
qualified social worker is responsible for conducting psychosocial 
evaluations, participating in team review of patient progress and 
recommending changes in treatment based on the patient's current 
psychosocial needs, providing casework and groupwork services to 
patients and their families in dealing with the special problems 
associated with ESRD, and identifying community social agencies and 
other resources and assisting patients and families to utilize them.
    (c) Standard: dietetic services. Each patient is evaluated as to his 
nutritional

[[Page 232]]

needs by the attending physician and a qualified dietician (Sec. 
405.2102) who has an employment or contractual relationship with the 
facility. The dietician, in consultation with the attending physician, 
is responsible for assessing the nutritional and dietetic needs of each 
patient, recommending therapeutic diets, counseling patients and their 
families on prescribed diets, and monitoring adherence and response to 
diets.
    (d) Standard: Laboratory services: (1) The renal transplantation 
center makes available, directly or under arrangements, laboratory 
services to meet the needs of ESRD patients. Laboratory services are 
performed in a laboratory facility certified in accordance with part 493 
of this chapter.
    (2) Laboratory services for crossmatching of recipient serum and 
donor lymphocytes for pre-formed antibodies by an acceptable technique 
are available on a 24-hour emergency basis.
    (e) Standard: Organ procurement. A renal transplantation center 
using the services of an organ procurement organization designated or 
redesignated under part 485, subpart D of this chapter to obtain donor 
organs has a written agreement covering these services. The renal 
transplantation center agrees to notify CMS in writing within 30 days of 
the termination of the agreement.

[41 FR 22511, June 3, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 52826, Sept. 30, 1977, 
as amended at 51 FR 30362, Aug. 26, 1986; 53 FR 6548, Mar. 1, 1988; 57 
FR 7134, Feb. 28, 1992; 59 FR 46514, Sept. 8, 1994]



Sec. 405.2180  Termination of Medicare coverage.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec. 405.2181, failure of a supplier of 
ESRD services to meet one or more of the conditions for coverage set 
forth in this subpart U will result in termination of Medicare coverage 
of the services furnished by that supplier.
    (b) If termination of coverage is based solely on a supplier's 
failure to participate in network activities and pursue network goals, 
as required by Sec. 405.2134, coverage may be reinstated when CMS 
determines that the supplier is making reasonable and appropriate 
efforts to meet that condition.
    (c) If termination of coverage is based on failure to meet any of 
the other conditions specified in this subpart, coverage will not be 
reinstated until CMS finds that the reason for termination has been 
removed and there is reasonable assurance that it will not recur.

[53 FR 36277, Sept. 19, 1988]



Sec. 405.2181  Alternative sanctions.

    (a) Basis for application of alternative sanctions. CMS may, as an 
alternative to termination of Medicare coverage, impose one of the 
sanctions specified in paragraph (b) of this section if CMS finds that--
    (1) The supplier fails to participate in the activities and pursue 
the goals of the ESRD network that is designated to encompass its 
geographic area; and
    (2) This failure does not jeopardize patient health and safety.
    (b) Alternative sanctions. The alternative sanctions that CMS may 
apply in the circumstances specified in paragraph (a) of this section 
include the following:
    (1) Denial of payment for services furnished to patients first 
accepted for care after the effective date of sanction as specified in 
the sanction notice.
    (2) Reduction of payments, for all ESRD services furnished by the 
supplier, by 20 percent for each 30-day period after the effective date 
of sanction.
    (3) Withholding of all payments, without interest, for all ESRD 
services furnished by the supplier to Medicare beneficiaries.
    (c) Duration of sanction. An alternative sanction remains in effect 
until CMS finds that the supplier is in substantial compliance with the 
requirement to cooperate in the network plans and goals, or terminates 
coverage of the supplier's services for lack of compliance.

[53 FR 36277, Sept. 19, 1988]



Sec. 405.2182  Notice of sanction and appeal rights: Termination of coverage.

    (a) Notice of sanction. CMS gives the supplier and the general 
public notice of sanction and of the effective date of the sanction. The 
effective date of the

[[Page 233]]

sanction is at least 30 days after the date of the notice.
    (b) Appeal rights. Termination of Medicare coverage of a supplier's 
ESRD services because the supplier no longer meets the conditions for 
coverage of its services is an initial determination appealable under 
part 498 of this chapter.

[53 FR 36277, Sept. 19, 1988]



Sec. 405.2184  Notice of appeal rights: Alternative sanctions.

    If CMS proposes to apply a sanction specified in Sec. 405.2181(b), 
the following rules apply:
    (a) CMS gives the facility notice of the proposed sanction and 15 
days in which to request a hearing.
    (b) If the facility requests a hearing, CMS provides an informal 
hearing by a CMS official who was not involved in making the appealed 
decision.
    (c) During the informal hearing, the facility--
    (1) May be represented by counsel;
    (2) Has access to the information on which the allegation was based; 
and
    (3) May present, orally or in writing, evidence and documentation to 
refute the finding of failure to participate in network activities and 
pursue network goals.
    (d) If the written decision of the informal hearing supports 
application of the alternative sanction, CMS provides the facility and 
the public, at least 30 days before the effective date of the sanction, 
with a written notice that specifies the effective date and the reasons 
for the sanction.

[53 FR 36277, Sept. 19, 1988]

Subparts V-W [Reserved]



  Subpart X_Rural Health Clinic and Federally Qualified Health Center 
                                Services

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh).

    Source: 43 FR 8261, Mar. 1, 1978, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 405.2400  Basis.

    Subpart X is based on the provisions of the following sections of 
the Act: Section 1833 sets forth the amounts of payment for 
supplementary medical insurance services. Section 1861(aa) sets forth 
the rural health clinic services and Federally qualified health center 
services covered by the Medicare program.

[60 FR 63176, Dec. 8, 1995]



Sec. 405.2401  Scope and definitions.

    (a) Scope. This subpart establishes the requirements for coverage 
and reimbursement of rural health clinic and Federally qualified health 
center services under Medicare.
    (b) Definitions. As used in this subpart, unless the context 
indicates otherwise:
    Act means the Social Security Act.
    Allowable costs means costs that are incurred by a clinic or center 
and are reasonable in amount and proper and necessary for the efficient 
delivery of rural health clinic and Federally qualified health center 
services.
    Beneficiary means an individual enrolled in the Supplementary 
Medical Insurance program for the Aged and Disabled (part of title XVIII 
of the Act).
    Coinsurance means that portion of the clinic's charge for covered 
services for which the beneficiary is liable in addition to the 
deductible.
    Carrier means an organization that has a contract with the Secretary 
to administer the benefits covered by this subpart.
    Covered services means items or services for which the beneficiary 
is entitled to have payment made on his or her behalf under this 
subpart.
    Deductible means:
    (1) The first $100 of expenses incurred by the beneficiary during 
any calendar year for items and services covered under Part B of title 
XVIII; and
    (2) The expenses incurred for the first 3 pints of blood or 3 units 
of packed red blood cells furnished to a beneficiary during any calendar 
year. (See Sec. Sec. 410.160 and 410.161 of this chapter for greater 
detail.)
    Federally qualified health center (FQHC) means an entity that has 
entered into an agreement with CMS to meet Medicare program requirements 
under Sec. Sec. 405.2434 and--

[[Page 234]]

    (1) Is receiving a grant under section 329, 330, or 340 of the 
Public Health Service Act, or is receiving funding from such a grant 
under a contract with the recipient of such a grant and meets the 
requirements to receive a grant under section 329, 330 or 340 of the 
Public Health Service Act;
    (2) Based on the recommendation of the PHS, is determined by CMS to 
meet the requirements for receiving such a grant;
    (3) Was treated by CMS, for purposes of part B, as a comprehensive 
federally funded health center (FFHC) as of January 1, 1990; or
    (4) Is an outpatient health program or facility operated by a tribe 
or tribal organizations under the Indian Self-Determination Act or by an 
Urban Indian organization receiving funds under title V of the Indian 
Health Care Improvement Act.
    CMS stands for Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
    Intermittent nursing care means a medically predictable need for 
nursing care from time to time, but usually not less frequently than 
once every 60 days.
    Nurse-midwife means a registered professional nurse who meets the 
following requirements:
    (1) Is currently licensed to practice in the State as a registered 
professional nurse.
    (2) Is legally authorized under State law or regulations to practice 
as a nurse-midwife.
    (3) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(10)(iv) of this section, has 
completed a program of study and clinical experience for nurse-midwives, 
as specified by the State.
    (4) If the State does not specify a program of study and clinical 
experience that nurse-midwives must complete to practice in that State, 
meets one of the following conditions:
    (i) Is currently certified as a nurse-midwife by the American 
College of Nurse-Midwives.
    (ii) Has satisfactorily completed a formal education program (of at 
least one academic year) that, upon completion, qualifies the nurse to 
take the certification examination offered by the American College of 
Nurse-Midwives.
    (iii) Has successfully completed a formal educational program for 
preparing registered nurses to furnish gynecological and obstetrical 
care to women during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period, and 
care to normal newborns, and was practicing as a nurse-midwife for a 
total of 12 months during any 18-month period from August 8, 1976 to 
July 16, 1982.
    Nurse practitioner and physician assistant means individuals who 
meet the applicable education, training experience and other 
requirements of Sec. 491.2 of this chapter.
    Part-time nursing care means nursing care that is required on less 
than a full-time basis, that is, less than 8 hours a day or 40 hours a 
week.
    Physician means the following:
    (1) A doctor of medicine or osteopathy legally authorized to 
practice medicine and surgery by the State in which the function is 
performed.
    (2) Within limitations as to the specific services furnished, a 
doctor of dentistry or dental or oral surgery, a doctor of optometry, a 
doctor of podiatry or surgical chiropody or a chiropractor. (See section 
1861(r) of the Act for specific limitations.)
    (3) A resident (including residents as defined in Sec. 415.152 of 
this chapter who meet the requirements in Sec. 415.206(b) of this 
chapter for payment under the physician fee schedule).
    Reporting period means a period of 12 consecutive months specified 
by the intermediary as the period for which a clinic or center must 
report its costs and utilization. The first and last reporting periods 
may be less than 12 months.
    Rural health clinic means a facility that:
    (1) Has been determined by the Secretary to meet the requirements of 
section 1861(aa)(2) of the Act and part 491 of this chapter; and
    (2) Has filed an agreement with the Secretary in order to provide 
rural health clinic services under Medicare. (See Sec. 405.2402.)
    Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services or his 
delegate.
    Visiting nurse services means part-time or intermittent nursing care 
and related medical supplies (other than

[[Page 235]]

drugs or biologicals) furnished by a registered nurse or licensed 
practical nurse to a homebound patient.

(Secs. 1102, 1833, 1861(aa), 1871, 1902(a)(13), Social Security Act; 49 
Stat. 647, 79 Stat. 302, 322, and 331, 91 Stat. 1485 (42 U.S.C. 1302, 
1395l, 1395hh, 1395x(aa), and 1396(a)(13))

[43 FR 8261, Mar. 1, 1978, as amended at 43 FR 30526, July 14, 1978; 47 
FR 21049, May 17, 1982; 47 FR 23448, May 28, 1982; 51 FR 41351, Nov. 14, 
1986; 57 FR 24975, June 12, 1992; 59 FR 26958, May 25, 1994; 60 FR 
63176, Dec. 8, 1995; 61 FR 14657, Apr. 3, 1996; 69 FR 74815, Dec. 24, 
2003; 71 FR 55345, Sept. 22, 2006]



Sec. 405.2402  Basic requirements.

    (a) Certification by the State survey agency. The rural health 
clinic must be certified in accordance with part 491 of this chapter.
    (b) Acceptance of the clinic as qualified to furnish rural health 
clinic services. If the Secretary, after reviewing the survey agency 
recommendation and other evidence relating to the qualifications of the 
rural health clinic, determines that it meets the requirements of this 
subpart and of part 491 of this chapter, he will send the clinic:
    (1) Written notice of the determination; and
    (2) Two copies of the agreement to be filed as required by section 
1861(aa)(1) of the Act.
    (c) Filing of agreement by the rural health clinic. If the rural 
health clinic wishes to participate in the program, it must:
    (1) Have both copies of the agreement signed by an authorized 
representative; and
    (2) File them with the Secretary.
    (d) Acceptance by the Secretary. If the Secretary accepts the 
agreement filed by the rural health clinic, he will return to the clinic 
one copy of the agreement, with a notice of acceptance specifying the 
effective date.
    (e) Duration of agreement. The agreement shall be for a term of one 
year and may be renewed annually by mutual consent of the Secretary and 
the rural health clinic.
    (f) Appeal rights. If the Secretary does not certify a rural health 
clinic, or refuses to enter into or renew an agreement, the facility is 
entitled to a hearing in accordance with part 498 of this chapter.

[43 FR 8261, Mar. 1, 1978, as amended at 52 FR 22454, June 12, 1987]



Sec. 405.2403  Content and terms of the agreement with the Secretary.

    (a) Under the agreement, the rural health clinic agrees to the 
following:
    (1) Maintaining compliance with conditions. The clinic agrees to 
maintain compliance with the conditions set forth in part 491 of this 
chapter and to report promptly to CMS any failure to do so.
    (2) Charges to beneficiaries. The clinic agrees not to charge the 
beneficiary or any other person for items and services for which the 
beneficiary is entitled to have payment made under the provisions of 
this part (or for which the beneficiary would have been entitled if the 
rural health clinic had filed a request for payment in accordance with 
Sec. 410.165 of this chapter), except for any deductible or coinsurance 
amounts for which the beneficiary is liable under Sec. 405.2410.
    (3) Refunds to beneficiaries. (i) The clinic agrees to refund as 
promptly as possible any money incorrectly collected from beneficiaries 
or from someone on their behalf.
    (ii) As used in this section, money incorrectly collected means sums 
collected in excess of the amount for which the beneficiary was liable 
under Sec. 405.2410. It includes amounts collected at a time when the 
beneficiary was believed not to be entitled to Medicare benefits but:
    (A) The beneficiary is later determined to have been entitled to 
Medicare benefits; and
    (B) The beneficiary's entitlement period falls within the time the 
rural health clinic's agreement with the Secretary is in effect.
    (4) Beneficiary treatment. (i) The clinic agrees to accept 
beneficiaries for care and treatment; and
    (ii) The clinic agrees not to impose any limitations on the 
acceptance of beneficiaries for care and treatment that it does not 
impose on all other persons.
    (b) Additional provisions. The agreement may contain any additional 
provisions that the Secretary finds necessary or desirable for the 
efficient and

[[Page 236]]

effective administration of the Medicare program.

[43 FR 8261, Mar. 1, 1978, as amended at 51 FR 41351, Nov. 14, 1986]



Sec. 405.2404  Terminations of agreements.

    (a) Termination by rural health clinic--(1) Notice to Secretary. If 
the clinic wishes to terminate its agreement it shall file with the 
Secretary a written notice stating the intended effective date of 
termination.
    (2) Action by the Secretary. (i) The Secretary may approve the date 
proposed by the clinic, or set a different date no later than 6 months 
after the date of the clinic's notice.
    (ii) The Secretary may approve a date which is less than 6 months 
after the date of notice if he determines that termination on that date 
would not:
    (A) Unduly disrupt the furnishing of services to the community 
serviced by the clinic; or
    (B) Otherwise interfere with the effective and efficient 
administration of the Medicare program.
    (3) Cessation of business. If a clinic ceases to furnish services to 
the community, that shall be deemed to be a voluntary termination of the 
agreement by the clinic, effective on the last day of business.
    (b) Termination by the Secretary--(1) Cause for termination. The 
Secretary may terminate an agreement if he determines that the rural 
health clinic:
    (i) No longer meets the conditions for certification under part 491 
of this chapter; or
    (ii) Is not in substantial compliance with the provisions of the 
agreement, the requirements of this subpart, any other applicable 
regulations of this part, or any applicable provisions of title XVIII of 
the Act; or
    (iii) Has undergone a change of ownership.
    (2) Notice of termination. The Secretary will give notice of 
termination to the rural health clinic at least 15 days before the 
effective date stated in the notice.
    (3) Appeal by the rural health clinic. A rural health clinic may 
appeal the termination of its agreement in accordance with the 
provisions set forth in part 498 of this chapter.
    (c) Effect of termination. Payment will not be available for rural 
health clinic services furnished on or after the effective date of 
termination.
    (d) Notice to the public. Prompt notice of the date and effect of 
termination shall be given to the public, through publication in local 
newspapers:
    (1) By the clinic, after the Secretary has approved or set a 
termination date; or
    (2) By the Secretary, when he has terminated the agreement.
    (e) Conditions for reinstatement after termination of agreement by 
the Secretary. When an agreement with a rural health clinic is 
terminated by the Secretary, the rural health clinic may not file 
another agreement to participate in the Medicare program unless the 
Secretary:
    (1) Finds that the reason for the termination of the prior agreement 
has been removed; and
    (2) Is assured that the reason for the termination will not recur.

[43 FR 8261, Mar. 1, 1978, as amended at 52 FR 22454, June 12, 1987]



Sec. 405.2410  Application of Part B deductible and coinsurance.

    (a) Application of deductible. (1) Medicare payment for rural health 
clinic services begins only after the beneficiary has incurred the 
deductible.
    (2) Medicare payment for services covered under the Federally 
qualified health center benefit is not subject to the usual Part B 
deductible.
    (b) Application of coinsurance. (1) The beneficiary is responsible 
for a coinsurance amount which cannot exceed 20 percent of the clinic's 
reasonable customary charge for the covered service; and
    (2)(i) The beneficiary's deductible and coinsurance liability, with 
respect to any one item or service furnished by the rural health clinic, 
may not exceed a reasonable amount customarily charged by the clinic for 
that particular item or service.
    (ii) For any one item or service furnished by a Federally qualified 
health center, the coinsurance liability may not exceed 20 percent of a 
reasonable amount customarily charged by the

[[Page 237]]

center for that particular item or service.

[71 FR 55345, Sept. 22, 2006]



Sec. 405.2411  Scope of benefits.

    (a) Rural health clinic services reimbursable under this subpart 
are:
    (1) The physicians' services specified in Sec. 405.2412;
    (2) Services and supplies furnished as an incident to a physician's 
professional service;
    (3) The nurse practitioner or physician assistant services specified 
in Sec. 405.2414;
    (4) Services and supplies furnished as an incident to a nurse 
practitioner's or physician assistant's services; and
    (5) Visiting nurse services.
    (b) Rural health clinic services are reimbursable when furnished to 
a patient at the clinic, at a hospital or other medical facility, or at 
the patient's place of residence.



Sec. 405.2412  Physicians' services.

    (a) Physicians' services are professional services that are 
performed by a physician at the clinic or are performed away from the 
clinic by a physician whose agreement with the clinic provides that he 
or she will be paid by the clinic for such services.



Sec. 405.2413  Services and supplies incident to a physician's services.

    (a) Services and supplies incident to a physician's professional 
service are reimbursable under this subpart if the service or supply is:
    (1) Of a type commonly furnished in physicians' offices;
    (2) Of a type commonly rendered either without charge or included in 
the rural health clinic's bill;
    (3) Furnished as an incidental, although integral, part of a 
physician's professional services;
    (4) Furnished under the direct, personal supervision of a physician; 
and
    (5) In the case of a service, furnished by a member of the clinic's 
health care staff who is an employee of the clinic.
    (b) Only drugs and biologicals which cannot be self-administered are 
included within the scope of this benefit.



Sec. 405.2414  Nurse practitioner and physician assistant services.

    (a) Professional services are reimbursable under this subpart if:
    (1) Furnished by a nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nurse 
midwife, or specialized nurse practitioner who is employed by, or 
receives compensation from, the rural health clinic;
    (2) Furnished under the medical supervision of a physician;
    (3) Furnished in accordance with any medical orders for the care and 
treatment of a patient prepared by a physician;
    (4) They are of a type which the nurse practitioner, physician 
assistant, nurse midwife or specialized nurse practitioner who furnished 
the service is legally permitted to perform by the State in which the 
service is rendered; and
    (5) They would be covered if furnished by a physician.
    (b) The physician supervision requirement is met if the conditions 
specified in Sec. 491.8(b) of this chapter and any pertinent 
requirements of State law are satisfied.
    (c) The services of nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurse 
midwives or specialized nurse practitioners are not covered if State law 
or regulations require that the services be performed under a 
physician's order and no such order was prepared.



Sec. 405.2415  Services and supplies incident to nurse practitioner and 
physician assistant services.

    (a) Services and supplies incident to a nurse practitioner's or 
physician assistant's services are reimbursable under this subpart if 
the service or supply is:
    (1) Of a type commonly furnished in physicians' offices;
    (2) Of a type commonly rendered either without charge or included in 
the rural health clinic's bill;
    (3) Furnished as an incidental, although integral part of 
professional services furnished by a nurse practitioner, physician 
assistant, nurse midwife, or specialized nurse practitioner;

[[Page 238]]

    (4) Furnished under the direct, personal supervision of a nurse 
practitioner, physician assistant, nurse midwife, specialized nurse 
practitioner or a physician; and
    (5) In the case of a service, furnished by a member of the clinic's 
health care staff who is an employee of the clinic.
    (b) The direct personal supervision requirement is met in the case 
of a nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nurse midwife, or 
specialized nurse practitioner only if such a person is permitted to 
supervise such services under the written policies governing the rural 
health clinic.
    (c) Only drugs and biologicals which cannot be self-administered are 
included within the scope of this benefit.



Sec. 405.2416  Visiting nurse services.

    (a) Visiting nurse services are covered if:
    (1) The rural health clinic is located in an area in which the 
Secretary has determined that there is a shortage of home health 
agencies;
    (2) The services are rendered to a homebound individual;
    (3) The services are furnished by a registered nurse, licensed 
practical nurse, or licensed vocational nurse who is employed by, or 
receives compensation for the services from the clinic; and
    (4) The services are furnished under a written plan of treatment 
that is:
    (i) Established and reviewed at least every 60 days by a supervising 
physician of the rural health clinic or established by a nurse 
practitioner, physician assistant, nurse midwife, or specialized nurse 
practitioner and reviewed at least every 60 days by a supervising 
physician; and
    (ii) Signed by the nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nurse 
midwife, specialized nurse practitioner, or the supervising physician of 
the clinic.
    (b) The nursing care covered by this section includes:
    (1) Services that must be performed by a registered nurse, licensed 
practical nurse, or licensed vocational nurse if the safety of the 
patient is to be assured and the medically desired results achieved; and
    (2) Personal care services, to the extent covered under Medicare as 
home health services. These services include helping the patient to 
bathe, to get in and out of bed, to exercise and to take medications.
    (c) This benefit does not cover household and housekeeping services 
or other services that would constitute custodial care.
    (d) For purposes of this section, homebound means an individual who 
is permanently or temporarily confined to his or her place of residence 
because of a medical or health condition. The individual may be 
considered homebound if he or she leaves the place of residence 
infrequently. For this purpose, ``place of residence'' does not include 
a hospital or long term care facility.



Sec. 405.2417  Visiting nurse services: Determination of shortage of 
agencies.

    A shortage of home health agencies exists if the Secretary 
determines that the rural health clinic:
    (a) Is located in a county, parish, or similar geographic area in 
which there is no participating home health agency or adequate home 
health services are not available to patients of the rural health 
clinic;
    (b) Has (or expects to have) patients whose permanent residences are 
not within the area serviced by a participating home health agency; or
    (c) Has (or expects to have) patients whose permanent residences are 
not within a reasonable traveling distance, based on climate and 
terrain, of a participating home health agency.

               Federally Qualified Health Center Services

    Source: 57 FR 24978, June 12, 1992, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 405.2430  Basic requirements.

    (a) Filing procedures. (1) In response to a request from an entity 
that wishes to participate in the Medicare program, CMS enters into an 
agreement with an entity when--
    (i) PHS recommends that the entity qualifies as a Federally 
qualified health center;
    (ii) The Federally qualified health center assures CMS that it meets 
the Federally qualified health center requirements specified in this 
subpart

[[Page 239]]

and part 491, as described in Sec. 405.2434(a); and
    (iii) The FQHC terminates other provider agreements, unless the FQHC 
assures CMS that it is not using the same space, staff and resources 
simultaneously as a physician's office or another type of provider or 
supplier. A corporate entity may own other provider types as long as the 
provider types are distinct from the FQHC.
    (2) CMS sends the entity a written notice of the disposition of the 
request.
    (3) When the requirement of paragraph (a)(1) of this section is 
satisfied, CMS sends the entity two copies of the agreement. The entity 
must sign and return both copies of the agreement to CMS.
    (4) If CMS accepts the agreement filed by the Federally qualified 
health center, CMS returns to the center one copy of the agreement with 
the notice of acceptance specifying the effective date (see Sec. 
489.11), as determined under Sec. 405.2434.
    (b) Recommendations by PHS about Federally qualified health centers. 
(1) An entity must--
    (i) Meet the applicable requirements of the PHS Act, as specified in 
Sec. 405.2401(b); and
    (ii) Be recommended by PHS to CMS as a Federally qualified health 
center.
    (2) The PHS notifies CMS of entities that meet the requirements 
specified in Sec. 405.2401(b).
    (c) Provider-based and freestanding Federally qualified health 
centers. The requirements and benefits under Medicare for provider-based 
or freestanding Federally qualified health centers are the same, except 
that payment methodologies differ, as described in Sec. 405.2462.
    (d) Appeals. An entity is entitled to a hearing in accordance with 
part 498 of this chapter when CMS fails to enter into an agreement with 
the entity.

[57 FR 24978, June 12, 1992, as amended at 61 FR 14657, Apr. 3, 1996]



Sec. 405.2434  Content and terms of the agreement.

    Under the agreement, the Federally qualified health center must 
agree to the following:
    (a) Maintain compliance with the requirements. (1) The Federally 
qualified health center must agree to maintain compliance with the 
Federally qualified health center requirements set forth in this subpart 
and part 491, except that the provisions of Sec. 491.3 do not apply.
    (2) Centers must promptly report to CMS any changes that result in 
noncompliance with any of these requirements.
    (b) Effective date of agreement. (1) Except as specified in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the effective date of the agreement is 
the date CMS accepts the signed agreement, which assures that all 
Federal requirements are met.
    (2) For facilities that met all requirements on October 1, 1991, the 
effective date of the agreement can be October 1, 1991.
    (c) Charges to beneficiaries. (1) The beneficiary is responsible for 
payment of a coinsurance amount which is 20 percent of the amount of 
Part B payment made to the Federally qualified health center for the 
covered services. There is no coinsurance for a second or third opinion 
obtained in accordance with section 1164 of the Act or for pneumococcal 
vaccine and its administration.
    (2) The beneficiary is responsible for blood deductible expenses, as 
specified in Sec. 410.161.
    (3) The Federally qualified health center agrees not to charge the 
beneficiary (or any other person acting on behalf of a beneficiary) for 
any Federally qualified health center services for which the beneficiary 
is entitled to have payment made on his or her behalf by the Medicare 
program (or for which the beneficiary would have been entitled if the 
Federally qualified health center had filed a request for payment in 
accordance with Sec. 410.165 of this chapter), except for coinsurance 
amounts.
    (4) The Federally qualified health center may charge the beneficiary 
for items and services that are not Federally qualified health center 
services. However, if the item or service is covered under Part B of 
Medicare, and the Federally qualified health center agrees to receive 
Part B payment under the assignment method, the Federally qualified 
health center may not

[[Page 240]]

charge the beneficiary more than 20 percent of the Part B payment.
    (d) Refunds to beneficiaries. (1) The Federally qualified health 
center must agree to refund as promptly as possible any money 
incorrectly collected from Medicare beneficiaries or from someone on 
their behalf.
    (2) As used in this section, ``money incorrectly collected'' means 
any amount for covered services that is greater than the amount for 
which the beneficiary was liable because of the coinsurance requirements 
specified in part 410, subpart E.
    (3) Amounts also are considered incorrectly collected if the 
Federally qualified health center believed the beneficiary was not 
entitled to Medicare benefits but--
    (i) The beneficiary was later determined to have been so entitled;
    (ii) The beneficiary's entitlement period fell within the time the 
Federally qualified health center's agreement with CMS was in effect; 
and
    (iii) The amounts exceed the beneficiary's coinsurance liability.
    (e) Treatment of beneficiaries. (1) The Federally qualified health 
center must agree to accept Medicare beneficiaries for care and 
treatment.
    (2) The Federally qualified health center may not impose any 
limitations with respect to care and treatment of Medicare beneficiaries 
that it does not also impose upon all other persons seeking care and 
treatment from the Federally qualified health center. Failure to comply 
with this requirement is a cause for termination of the Federally 
qualified health center's agreement with CMS in accordance with Sec. 
405.2436(d).
    (3) If the Federally qualified health center does not furnish 
treatment for certain illnesses and conditions to patients who are not 
Medicare beneficiaries, it need not furnish such treatment to Medicare 
beneficiaries.



Sec. 405.2436  Termination of agreement.

    (a) Termination by Federally qualified health center. The Federally 
qualified health center may terminate its agreement by--
    (1) Filing with CMS a written notice stating its intention to 
terminate the agreement; and
    (2) Notifying CMS of the date on which the Federally qualified 
health center requests that the termination take effect.
    (b) Effective date. (1) Upon receiving a Federally qualified health 
center's notice of intention to terminate the agreement, CMS will set a 
date upon which the termination takes effect. This effective date may 
be--
    (i) The date proposed by the Federally qualified health center in 
its notice of intention to terminate, if that date is acceptable to CMS; 
or
    (ii) Except as specified in paragraph (2) of this section, a date 
set by CMS, which is no later than 6 months after the date CMS receives 
the Federally qualified health center's notice of intention to 
terminate.
    (2) The effective date of termination may be less than 6 months 
following CMS's receipt of the Federally qualified health center's 
notice of intention to terminate if CMS determines that termination on 
such a date would not--
    (i) Unduly disrupt the furnishing of Federally qualified health 
center services to the community; or
    (ii) Otherwise interfere with the effective and efficient 
administration of the Medicare program.
    (3) The termination is effective at the end of the last day of 
business as a Federally qualified health center.
    (c) Termination by CMS. (1) CMS may terminate an agreement with a 
Federally qualified health center if it finds that the Federally 
qualified health center--
    (i) No longer meets the requirements specified in this subpart; or
    (ii) Is not in substantial compliance with--
    (A) The provisions of the agreement; or
    (B) The requirements of this subpart, any other applicable 
regulations of this part, or any applicable provisions of title XVIII of 
the Act.
    (2) Notice by CMS. CMS will notify the Federally qualified health 
center in writing of its intention to terminate an agreement at least 15 
days before the effective date stated in the written notice.

[[Page 241]]

    (3) Appeal. A Federally qualified health center may appeal CMS's 
decision to terminate the agreement in accordance with part 498 of this 
chapter.
    (d) Effect of termination. When a Federally qualified health 
center's agreement is terminated whether by the Federally qualified 
health center or CMS, payment will not be available for Federally 
qualified health center services furnished on or after the effective 
date of termination.



Sec. 405.2440  Conditions for reinstatement after termination by CMS.

    When CMS has terminated an agreement with a Federally qualified 
health center, CMS will not enter into another agreement with the 
Federally qualified health center to participate in the Medicare program 
unless CMS--
    (a) Finds that the reason for the termination no longer exists; and
    (b) Is assured that the reason for the termination of the prior 
agreement will not recur.



Sec. 405.2442  Notice to the public.

    (a) When the Federally qualified health center voluntarily 
terminates the agreement and an effective date is set for the 
termination, the Federally qualified health center must notify the 
public prior to a prospective effective date or on the actual day that 
business ceases, if no prospective date of termination has been set, 
through publication in at least one newspaper in general circulation in 
the area serviced by the Federally qualified health center of the--
    (1) Effective date of termination of the provision of services; and
    (2) Effect of termination of the agreement.
    (b) When CMS terminates the agreement, CMS will notify the public 
through publication in at least one newspaper in general circulation in 
the Federally qualified health center's service area.



Sec. 405.2444  Change of ownership.

    (a) What constitutes change of ownership--(1) Incorporation. The 
incorporation of an unincorporated FQHC constitutes change of ownership.
    (2) Merger. The merger of the center corporation into another 
corporation, or the consolidation of two or more corporations, one of 
which is the center corporation, resulting in the creation of a new 
corporation, constitutes a change of ownership. (The merger of another 
corporation into the center corporation does not constitute change of 
ownership.)
    (3) Leasing. The lease of all or part of an entity constitutes a 
change of ownership of the leased portion.
    (b) Notice to CMS. A center which is contemplating or negotiating 
change of ownership must notify CMS.
    (c) Assignment of agreement. When there is a change of ownership as 
specified in paragraph (a) of this section, the agreement with the 
existing center is automatically assigned to the new owner if it 
continues to meet the conditions to be a Federally qualified health 
center.
    (d) Conditions that apply to assigned agreements. An assigned 
agreement is subject to all applicable statutes and regulations and to 
the terms and conditions under which it was originally issued including, 
but not limited to, the following:
    (1) Compliance with applicable health and safety standards.
    (2) Compliance with the ownership and financial interest disclosure 
requirements of part 420, subpart C of this subchapter.



Sec. 405.2446  Scope of services.

    (a) For purposes of this section, the terms rural health clinic and 
clinic when they appear in the cross references in paragraph (b) of this 
section also mean Federally qualified health centers.
    (b) FQHC services that are paid for under this subpart are 
outpatient services that include the following:
    (1) Physician services specified in Sec. 405.2412.
    (2) Services and supplies furnished as an incident to a physician's 
professional services, as specified in Sec. 405.2413.
    (3) Nurse practitioner or physician assistant services specified in 
Sec. 405.2414.
    (4) Services and supplies furnished as an incident to a nurse 
practitioner or physician assistant services, as specified in Sec. 
405.2415.
    (5) Clinical psychologist and clinical social worker services 
specified in Sec. 405.2450.

[[Page 242]]

    (6) Services and supplies furnished as an incident to a clinical 
psychologist or clinical social worker services, as specified in Sec. 
405.2452.
    (7) Visiting nurse services specified in Sec. 405.2416.
    (8) Nurse-midwife services specified in Sec. 405.2401.
    (9) Preventive primary services specified in Sec. 405.2448 of this 
subpart.
    (c) Federally qualified health center services are covered when 
provided in outpatient settings only, including a patient's place of 
residence, which may be a skilled nursing facility or a nursing facility 
or other institution used as a patient's home.
    (d) Federally qualified health center services are not covered in a 
hospital, as defined in section 1861(e)(1) of the Act.

[57 FR 24979, June 12, 1992, as amended at 61 FR 14657, Apr. 3, 1996]



Sec. 405.2448  Preventive primary services.

    (a) Preventive primary services are those health services that--
    (1) A center is required to provide as preventive primary health 
services under section 329, 330, and 340 of the Public Health Service 
Act;
    (2) Are furnished by or under the direct supervision of a nurse 
practitioner, physician assistant, nurse midwife, specialized nurse 
practitioner, clinical psychologist, clinical social worker, or a 
physician;
    (3) In the case of a service, are furnished by a member of the 
center's health care staff who is an employee of the center or by a 
physician under arrangements with the center; and
    (4) Except as specifically provided in section 1861(s) of the Act, 
include only drugs and biologicals that cannot be self-administered.
    (b) Preventive primary services which may be paid for when provided 
by Federally qualified health centers are the following:
    (1) Medical social services.
    (2) Nutritional assessment and referral.
    (3) Preventive health education.
    (4) Children's eye and ear examinations.
    (5) Prenatal and post-partum care.
    (6) Perinatal services.
    (7) Well child care, including periodic screening.
    (8) Immunizations, including tetanus-diptheria booster and influenza 
vaccine.
    (9) Voluntary family planning services.
    (10) Taking patient history.
    (11) Blood pressure measurement.
    (12) Weight.
    (13) Physical examination targeted to risk.
    (14) Visual acuity screening.
    (15) Hearing screening.
    (16) Cholesterol screening.
    (17) Stool testing for occult blood.
    (18) Dipstick urinalysis.
    (19) Risk assessment and initial counseling regarding risks.
    (20) Tuberculosis testing for high risk patients.
    (21) For women only.
    (i) Clinical breast exam.
    (ii) Referral for mammography; and
    (iii) Thyroid function test.
    (c) Preventive primary services do not include group or mass 
information programs, health education classes, or group education 
activities, including media productions and publications.
    (d) Screening mammography is not considered a Federally qualified 
health center service, but may be provided at a Federally qualified 
health center if the center meets the requirements applicable to that 
service specified in Sec. 410.34 of this subchapter. Payment is made 
under applicable Medicare requirements.
    (e) Preventive primary services do not include eyeglasses, hearing 
aids, or preventive dental services.

[57 FR 24980, June 12, 1992, as amended at 61 FR 14657, Apr. 3, 1996]



Sec. 405.2450  Clinical psychologist and clinical social worker services.

    (a) For clinical psychologist or clinical social worker professional 
services to be payable under this subpart, the services must be--
    (1) Furnished by an individual who owns, is employed by, or 
furnishes services under contract to the FQHC;
    (2) Of a type that the clinical psychologist or clinical social 
worker who furnishes the services is legally permitted to perform by the 
State in which the service is furnished;

[[Page 243]]

    (3) Performed by a clinical social worker or clinical psychologist 
who is legally authorized to perform such services under State law or 
the State regulatory mechanism provided by the law of the State in which 
such services are performed; and
    (4) Covered if furnished by a physician.
    (b) If State law prescribes a physician supervision requirement, it 
is met if the conditions specified in Sec. 491.8(b) of this chapter and 
any pertinent requirements of State law are satisfied.
    (c) The services of clinical psychologists or clinical social 
workers are not covered if State law or regulations require that the 
services be performed under a physician's order and no such order was 
prepared.

[57 FR 24980, June 12, 1992, as amended at 61 FR 14657, Apr. 3, 1996]



Sec. 405.2452  Services and supplies incident to clinical psychologist and 
clinical social worker services.

    (a) Services and supplies incident to a clinical psychologist's or 
clinical social worker's services are reimbursable under this subpart if 
the service or supply is--
    (1) Of a type commonly furnished in a physician's office;
    (2) Of a type commonly furnished either without charge or included 
in the Federally qualified health center's bill;
    (3) Furnished as an incidental, although integral part of 
professional services furnished by a clinical psychologist or clinical 
social worker;
    (4) Furnished under the direct, personal supervision of a clinical 
psychologist, clinical social worker or physician; and
    (5) In the case of a service, furnished by a member of the center's 
health care staff who is an employee of the center.
    (b) The direct personal supervision requirement in paragraph (a)(4) 
of this section is met only if the clinical psychologist or clinical 
social worker is permitted to supervise such services under the written 
policies governing the Federally qualified health center.

 Payment for Rural Health Clinic and Federally Qualified Health Center 
                                Services

    Source: 57 FR 24976, 24977, June 12, 1992, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 405.2460  Applicability of general payment exclusions.

    The payment conditions, limitations, and exclusions set out in 
subpart C of this part, part 410 and part 411 of this chapter are 
applicable to payment for services provided by rural health clinics and 
Federally qualified health centers, except that preventive primary 
services, as defined in Sec. 405.2448, are covered in Federally 
qualified health centers and not excluded by the provisions of section 
1862(a) of the Act.



Sec. 405.2462  Payment for rural health clinic and Federally qualified health 
center services.

    (a) Payment to provider-based rural health clinics and Federally 
qualified health centers. A rural health clinic or Federally qualified 
health center is paid in accordance with parts 405 and 413 of this 
subchapter, as applicable, if--
    (1) The clinic or center is an integral and subordinate part of a 
hospital, skilled nursing facility or home health agency participating 
in Medicare (that is, a provider of services); and
    (2) The clinic or center is operated with other departments of the 
provider under common licensure, governance and professional 
supervision.
    (b) Payment to independent rural health clinics and freestanding 
Federally qualified health centers. (1) All other clinics and centers 
will be paid on the basis of an all-inclusive rate for each beneficiary 
visit for covered services. This rate will be determined by the 
intermediary, in accordance with this subpart and general instructions 
issued by CMS.
    (2) The amount payable by the intermediary for a visit will be 
determined in accordance with paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
    (3) Federally qualified health centers. For Federally qualified 
health center visits, Medicare will pay 80 percent of

[[Page 244]]

the all-inclusive rate since no deductible is applicable to Federally 
qualified health center services.
    (4) Rural health clinics. (i) If the deductible has been fully met 
by the beneficiary prior to the rural health clinic visit, Medicare pays 
80 percent of the all-inclusive rate.
    (ii) If the deductible has not been fully met by the beneficiary 
before the visit, and the amount of the clinic's reasonable customary 
charge for the services that is applied to the deductible is--
    (A) Less than the all-inclusive rate, the amount applied to the 
deductible will be subtracted from the all-inclusive rate and 80 percent 
of the remainder, if any, will be paid to the clinic;
    (B) Equal to or exceeds the all-inclusive rate, no payment will be 
made to the clinic.
    (5) To receive payment, the clinic or center must follow the payment 
procedures specified in Sec. 410.165 of this chapter.
    (6) Payment for treatment of mental psychoneurotic or personality 
disorders is subject to the limitations on payment in Sec. 410.155(c).

[71 FR 55345, Sept. 22, 2006]



Sec. 405.2463  What constitutes a visit.

    (a) Visit. (1) A visit is a face-to-face encounter between a clinic 
or center patient and a physician, physician assistant, nurse 
practitioner, nurse-midwife, or visiting nurse.
    (2) For FQHCs, a visit also means a face-to-face encounter between a 
patient and a qualified clinical psychologist or clinical social worker.
    (3) Encounters with more than one health professional and multiple 
encounters with the same health professional that take place on the same 
day and at a single location constitute a single visit, except when one 
of the following conditions exist:
    (i) After the first encounter, the patient suffers illness or injury 
requiring additional diagnosis or treatment.
    (ii) For FQHCs, the patient has a medical visit and an other health 
visit, as defined in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
    (4) Payment. (i) Medicare pays for two visits per day when the 
conditions in paragraph (a)(3) of this section are met.
    (ii) In all other cases, payment is limited to one visit per day.
    (b) Medical visit. For purposes of paragraph (a)(3) of this section, 
a medical visit is a face-to-face encounter between an FQHC patient and 
a physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, nurse-midwife, or 
visiting nurse.
    (c) Other health visit. For purposes of paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section, an other health visit is a face-to-face encounter between an 
FQHC patient and a clinical psychologist, clinical social worker, or 
other health professional for mental health services.

[61 FR 14657, Apr. 3, 1996]



Sec. 405.2464  All-inclusive rate.

    (a) Determination of rate. (1) An all-inclusive rate is determined 
by the intermediary at the beginning of the reporting period.
    (2) The rate is determined by dividing the estimated total allowable 
costs by estimated total visits for rural health clinic or Federally 
qualified health center services.
    (3) The rate determination is subject to any tests of reasonableness 
that may be established in accordance with this subpart.
    (b) Adjustment of rate. (1) The intermediary, during each reporting 
period, periodically reviews the rate to assure that payments 
approximate actual allowable costs and visits for rural health clinic or 
Federally qualified health center services and adjusts the rate if:
    (i) There is a significant change in the utilization of clinic or 
center services;
    (ii) Actual allowable costs vary materially from the clinic or 
center's allowable costs; or
    (iii) Other circumstances arise which warrant an adjustment.
    (2) The clinic or center may request the intermediary to review the 
rate to determine whether adjustment is required.



Sec. 405.2466  Annual reconciliation.

    (a) General. Payments made to a rural health clinic or a Federally 
qualified health center during a reporting period are subject to 
reconciliation to

[[Page 245]]

assure that those payments do not exceed or fall short of the allowable 
costs attributable to covered services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries during that period.
    (b) Calculation of reconciliation. (1) The total reimbursement 
amount due the clinic or center for covered services furnished to 
Medicare beneficiaries is based on the report specified in Sec. 
405.2470(c)(2) and is calculated by the intermediary as follows:
    (i) The average cost per visit is calculated by dividing the total 
allowable cost incurred for the reporting period by total visits for 
rural health clinic or Federally qualified health center services 
furnished during the period. The average cost per visit is subject to 
tests of reasonableness which may be established in accordance with this 
subpart.
    (ii) The total cost of rural health clinic or Federally qualified 
health center services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries is calculated 
by multiplying the average cost per visit by the number of visits for 
covered rural health clinic or Federally qualified health center 
services by beneficiaries.
    (iii) For rural health clinics, the total reimbursement due the 
clinic is 80 percent of the amount calculated by subtracting the amount 
of deductible incurred by beneficiaries that is attributable to rural 
health clinic services from the cost of these services. The 
reimbursement computation for Federally qualified health centers does 
not include a reduction related to the deductible because Federally 
qualified health center services are not subject to a deductible.
    (iv) For rural health clinics and FQHCs, payment for pneumococcal 
and influenza vaccine and their administration is 100 percent of 
Medicare reasonable cost.
    (2) The total reimbursement amount due is compared with total 
payments made to the clinic or center for the reporting period, and the 
difference constitutes the amount of the reconciliation.
    (c) Notice of program reimbursement. The intermediary sends written 
notice to the clinic or center:
    (1) Setting forth its determination of the total reimbursement 
amount due the clinic or center for the reporting period and the amount, 
if any, of the reconciliation; and
    (2) Informing the clinic or center of its right to have the 
determination reviewed at a hearing under the procedures set forth in 
subpart R of this part.
    (d) Payment of reconciliation amount--(1) Underpayments. If the 
total reimbursement due the clinic or center exceeds the payments made 
for the reporting period, the intermediary makes a lump-sum payment to 
the clinic or center to bring total payments into agreement with total 
reimbursement due the clinic or center.
    (2) Overpayments. If the total payments made to a clinic or center 
for the reporting period exceed the total reimbursement due the clinic 
or center for the period, the intermediary arranges with the clinic or 
center for repayment through a lump-sum refund, or, if that poses a 
hardship for the clinic or center, through offset against subsequent 
payments or a combination of offset and refund. The repayment must be 
completed as quickly as possible, generally within 12 months from the 
date of the notice of program reimbursement. A longer repayment period 
may be agreed to by the intermediary if the intermediary is satisfied 
that unusual circumstances exist which warrant a longer period.

[57 FR 24976, June 12, 1992, as amended at 61 FR 14657, Apr. 3, 1996]



Sec. 405.2468  Allowable costs.

    (a) Applicability of general Medicare principles. In determining 
whether and to what extent a specific type or item of cost is allowable, 
such as interest, depreciation, bad debts and owner compensation, the 
intermediary applies the principles for reimbursement of provider costs, 
as set forth in part 413 of this subchapter.
    (b) Typical rural health clinic and Federally qualified health 
center costs. The following types and items of cost are included in 
allowable costs to the extent that they are covered and reasonable:
    (1) Compensation for the services of a physician, physician 
assistant, nurse practitioner, nurse-midwife, visiting nurse, qualified 
clinical psychologist,

[[Page 246]]

and clinical social worker who owns, is employed by, or furnishes 
services under contract to an FQHC. (RHCs are not paid for services 
furnished by contracted individuals other than physicians.)
    (2) Compensation for the duties that a supervising physician is 
required to perform under the agreement specified in Sec. 491.8 of this 
chapter.
    (3) Costs of services and supplies incident to the services of a 
physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, nurse-midwife, 
qualified clinical psychologist, or clinical social worker.
    (4) Overhead costs, including clinic or center administration, costs 
applicable to use and maintenance of the entity, and depreciation costs.
    (5) Costs of services purchased by the clinic or center.
    (c) Tests of reasonableness for rural health clinic cost and 
utilization. Tests of reasonableness authorized by sections 1833(a) and 
1861(v)(1)(A) of the Act may be established by CMS or the carrier with 
respect to direct or indirect overall costs, costs of specific items and 
services, or costs of groups of items and services. Those tests include, 
but are not limited to, screening guidelines and payment limitations.
    (d) Screening guidelines. (1) Costs in excess of amounts established 
by the guidelines are not included unless the clinic or center provides 
reasonable justification satisfactory to the intermediary.
    (2) Screening guidelines are used to assess the costs of services, 
including the following:
    (i) Compensation for the professional and supervisory services of 
physicians and for the services of physician assistants, nurse 
practitioners, and nurse-midwives.
    (ii) Services of physicians, physician assistants, nurse 
practitioners, nurse-midwives, visiting nurses, qualified clinical 
psychologists, and clinical social workers.
    (iii) The level of administrative and general expenses.
    (iv) Staffing (for example, the ratio of other clinic or center 
personnel to physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners).
    (v) The reasonableness of payments for services purchased by the 
clinic or center, subject to the limitation that the costs of physician 
services purchased by the clinic or center may not exceed amounts 
determined under the applicable provisions of subpart E of part 405 or 
part 415 of this chapter.
    (e) Payment limitations. Limits on payments may be set by CMS, on 
the basis of costs estimated to be reasonable for the provision of such 
services.
    (f) Graduate medical education. (1) Effective for that portion of 
cost reporting periods occurring on or after January 1, 1999, if an RHC 
or an FQHC incurs ``all or substantially all'' of the costs for the 
training program in the nonhospital setting as defined in Sec. 
413.75(b) of this chapter, the RHC or FQHC may receive direct graduate 
medical education payment for those residents.
    (2) Direct graduate medical education costs are not included as 
allowable cost under Sec. 405.2466(b)(1)(i); and therefore, are not 
subject to the limit on the all-inclusive rate for allowable costs.
    (3) Allowable graduate medical education costs must be reported on 
the RHC's or the FQHC's cost report under a separate cost center.
    (4) Allowable graduate medical education costs are non-reimbursable 
if payment for these costs are received from a hospital or a 
Medicare+Choice organization.
    (5) Allowable direct graduate medical education costs under 
paragraphs (f)(6) and (f)(7)(i) of this section, are subject to 
reasonable cost principles under part 413 and the reasonable 
compensation equivalency limits in Sec. Sec. 415.60 and 415.70 of this 
chapter.
    (6) The allowable direct graduate medical education costs are those 
costs incurred by the nonhospital site for the educational activities 
associated with patient care services of an approved program, subject to 
the redistribution and community support principles in Sec. 413.85(c).
    (i) The following costs are allowable direct graduate medical 
education costs to the extent that they are reasonable--
    (A) The costs of the residents' salaries and fringe benefits 
(including travel and lodging expenses where applicable).

[[Page 247]]

    (B) The portion of teaching physicians' salaries and fringe benefits 
that are related to the time spent teaching and supervising residents.
    (C) Facility overhead costs that are allocated to direct graduate 
medical education.
    (ii) The following costs are not allowable graduate medical 
education costs--
    (A) Costs associated with training, but not related to patient care 
services.
    (B) Normal operating and capital-related costs.
    (C) The marginal increase in patient care costs that the RHC or FQHC 
experiences as a result of having an approved program.
    (D) The costs associated with activities described in Sec. 
413.85(h) of this chapter.
    (7) Payment is equal to the product of--
    (i) The RHC's or the FQHC's allowable direct graduate medical 
education costs; and
    (ii) Medicare's share, which is equal to the ratio of Medicare 
visits to the total number of visits (as defined in Sec. 405.2463).
    (8) Direct graduate medical education payments to RHCs and FQHCs 
made under this section are made from the Federal Supplementary Medical 
Insurance Trust Fund.

[43 FR 8261, Mar. 1, 1978. Redesignated and amended at 57 FR 24977, June 
12, 1992; 60 FR 63176, Dec. 8, 1995; 61 FR 14658, Apr. 3, 1996; 63 FR 
41002, July 31, 1998; 66 FR 39932, Aug. 1, 2001; 70 FR 47484, Aug. 12, 
2005]



Sec. 405.2469  Federally Qualified Health Centers supplemental payments.

    Federally Qualified Health Centers under contract (directly or 
indirectly) with Medicare Advantage organizations are eligible for 
supplemental payments for covered Federally Qualified Health Center 
services furnished to enrollees in Medicare Advantage plans offered by 
the Medicare Advantage organization to cover the difference, if any, 
between their payments from the Medicare Advantage plan and what they 
would receive under the cost-based Federally Qualified Health Center 
payment system.
    (a) Calculation of supplemental payment. (1) The supplemental 
payment for Federally Qualified Health Center covered services provided 
to Medicare patients enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans is based on 
the difference between--
    (i) Payments received by the center from the Medicare Advantage plan 
as determined on a per visit basis; and
    (ii) The Federally Qualified Health Center's all-inclusive cost-
based per visit rate as set forth in this subpart, less any amount the 
FQHC may charge as described in section 1857(e)(3)(B) of the Act.
    (2) Any financial incentives provided to Federally Qualified Health 
Centers under their Medicare Advantage contracts, such as risk pool 
payments, bonuses, or withholds, are prohibited from being included in 
the calculation of supplemental payments due to the Federally Qualified 
Health Center.
    (b) Per visit supplemental payment. A supplemental payment required 
under this section is made to the Federally Qualified Health Center when 
a covered face-to-face encounter occurs between a Medicare Advantage 
enrollee and a practitioner as set forth in Sec. 405.2463.

[70 FR 70329, Nov. 21, 2005, as amended at 71 FR 9460, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 405.2470  Reports and maintenance of records.

    (a) Maintenance and availability of records. The rural health clinic 
or Federally qualified health center must:
    (1) Maintain adequate financial and statistical records, in the form 
and containing the data required by CMS, to allow the intermediary to 
determine payment for covered services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries in accordance with this subpart;
    (2) Make the records available for verification and audit by HHS or 
the General Accounting Office;
    (3) Maintain financial data on an accrual basis, unless it is part 
of a governmental institution that uses a cash basis of accounting. In 
the latter case, appropriate depreciation on capital assets is allowable 
rather than the expenditure for the capital asset.
    (b) Adequacy of records. (1) The intermediary may suspend 
reimbursement if it determines that the clinic or center

[[Page 248]]

does not maintain records that provide an adequate basis to determine 
payments under Medicare.
    (2) The suspension continues until the clinic or center demonstrates 
to the intermediary's satisfaction that it does, and will continue to, 
maintain adequate records.
    (c) Reporting requirements--(1) Initial report. At the beginning of 
its initial reporting period, the clinic or center must submit an 
estimate of budgeted costs and visits for rural health clinic or 
Federally qualified health center services for the reporting period, in 
the form and detail required by CMS, and such other information as CMS 
may require to establish the payment rate.
    (2) Annual reports. Within 90 days after the end of its reporting 
period, the clinic or center must submit, in such form and detail as may 
be required by CMS, a report of:
    (i) Its operations, including the allowable costs actually incurred 
for the period and the actual number of visits for rural health clinic 
or Federally qualified health center services furnished during the 
period; and
    (ii) The estimated costs and visits for rural health clinic services 
or Federally qualified health center services for the succeeding 
reporting period and such other information as CMS may require to 
establish the payment rate.
    (3) Late reports. If the clinic or center does not submit an 
adequate annual report on time, the intermediary may reduce or suspend 
payments to preclude excess payment to the clinic or center.
    (4) Inadequate reports. If the clinic or center does not furnish a 
report or furnishes a report that is inadequate for the intermediary to 
make a determination of program payment, CMS may deem all payments for 
the reporting period to be overpayments.
    (5) Postponement of due date. For good cause shown by the clinic or 
center, the intermediary may, with CMS's approval, grant a 30-day 
postponement of the due date for the annual report.
    (6) Reports following termination of agreement or change of 
ownership. The report from a clinic or center which voluntarily or 
involuntarily ceases to participate in the Medicare program or 
experiences a change in ownership (see Sec. Sec. 405.2436-405.2438) is 
due no later than 45 days following the effective date of the 
termination of agreement or change of ownership.



Sec. 405.2472  Beneficiary appeals.

    A beneficiary may request a hearing by an intermediary (subject to 
the limitations and conditions set forth in subpart H of this part) if:
    (a) The beneficiary is dissatisfied with an intermediary's 
determination denying a request for payment made on his or her behalf by 
a rural health clinic or Federally qualified health center; or
    (b) The beneficiary is dissatisfied with the amount of payment; or
    (c) The beneficiary believes the request for payment is not being 
acted upon with reasonable promptness.

[43 FR 8261, Mar. 1, 1978. Redesignated and amended at 57 FR 24978, June 
12, 1992]



PART 406_HOSPITAL INSURANCE ELIGIBILITY AND ENTITLEMENT--Table of Contents




                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
406.1 Statutory basis.
406.2 Scope.
406.3 Definitions.
406.5 Basis of eligibility and entitlement.
406.6 Application or enrollment for hospital insurance.
406.7 Forms to apply for entitlement under Medicare Part A.

          Subpart B_Hospital Insurance Without Monthly Premiums

406.10 Individual age 65 or over who is entitled to social security or 
          railroad retirement benefits, or who is eligible for social 
          security benefits.
406.11 Individual age 65 or over who is not eligible as a social 
          security or railroad retirement benefits beneficiary, or on 
          the basis of government employment.
406.12 Individual under age 65 who is entitled to social security or 
          railroad retirement disability benefits.
406.13 Individual who has end-stage renal disease.
406.15 Special provisions applicable to Medicare qualified government 
          employment.

                  Subpart C_Premium Hospital Insurance

406.20 Basic requirements.
406.21 Individual enrollment.
406.22 Effect of month of enrollment on entitlement.

[[Page 249]]

406.24 Special enrollment period.
406.26 Enrollment under State buy-in.
406.28 End of entitlement.
406.32 Monthly premiums.
406.33 Determination of months to be counted for premium increase: 
          Enrollment.
406.34 Determination of months to be counted for premium increase: 
          Reenrollment.
406.38 Prejudice to enrollment rights because of Federal Government 
          error.

  Subpart D_Special Circumstances That Affect Entitlement to Hospital 
                                Insurance

406.50 Nonpayment of benefits on behalf of certain aliens.
406.52 Conviction of certain offenses.

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh).

    Source: 48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986.



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec. 406.1  Statutory basis.

    Sections 226, 226A, 1818 and 1818A of the Social Security Act and 
section 103 of Public Law 89-97 establish the conditions for entitlement 
to hospital insurance benefits. Sections 202 (t) and (u) of the Act 
specify limitations that apply to certain aliens and to persons 
convicted of certain offenses.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986, 
as amended at 56 FR 38078, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 406.2  Scope.

    Subparts A through D of this part specify the conditions of 
eligibility for hospital insurance and set forth certain specific 
conditions that affect entitlement to benefits. Hospital insurance is 
authorized under Part A of title XVIII and is also referred to as 
Medicare Part A. It includes inpatient hospital care, posthospital SNF 
care, home health services, and hospice care.

[48 FR 56026, Dec. 16, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985. 
Redesignated and amended at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986]



Sec. 406.3  Definitions.

    First month of eligibility means the first month in which an 
individual meets all the requirements for entitlement to hospital 
insurance except application or enrollment if that is required.
    First month of entitlement means the first month for which the 
individual meets all the requirements for entitlement to Part A 
benefits.
    Insured individual means an individual who has the number of 
quarters of coverage required for monthly social security benefits.
    Quarter of coverage means a calendar quarter that is counted toward 
the number of covered quarters required to make the individual eligible 
for monthly social security benefits. A quarter is counted if during 
that quarter (or that calendar year) the individual earned a required 
minimum amount of money. (For details, see 20 CFR part 404, subpart B.)



Sec. 406.5  Basis of eligibility and entitlement.

    (a) Hospital insurance without premiums. Hospital insurance is 
available to most individuals without payment of a premium if they:
    (1) Are age 65 or over, or
    (2) Have received social security or railroad retirement disability 
benefits for 25 months; or
    (3) Have end-stage renal disease. Subpart B of this part explains 
the requirements such individuals must meet to obtain hospital insurance 
without premiums.
    (b) Premium hospital insurance. Many individuals who are age 65 or 
over, but do not meet the requirements set forth in subpart B of this 
part, and certain individuals under age 65, may obtain the benefits by 
paying a premium. Section 406.20 of this part explains the requirements 
individuals must meet to obtain premium hospital insurance.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
56 FR 38078, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 406.6  Application or enrollment for hospital insurance.

    (a) Basic provision. In most cases, eligibility for Medicare Part A 
is a result of entitlement to monthly social security or railroad 
retirement cash benefits or eligibility for monthly social security cash 
benefits. This section specifies the individuals who need not file an 
application to become entitled to hospital insurance, those who must 
file

[[Page 250]]

an application, and those who must enroll.
    (b) Individuals who need not file an application for hospital 
insurance. An individual who meets any of the following conditions need 
not file an application for hospital insurance:
    (1) Is under age 65 and has been entitled, for more than 24 months, 
to monthly social security or railroad retirement benefits based on 
disability.
    (2) At the time of attainment of age 65, is entitled to monthly 
social security or railroad retirement benefits.
    (3) Establishes entitlement to monthly social security or railroad 
retirement benefits at any time after attaining age 65.
    (c) Individuals who must file an application for hospital insurance. 
An individual must file an application for hospital insurance if he or 
she seeks entitlement to hospital insurance on the basis of--
    (1) The transitional provisions set forth in Sec. 406.11;
    (2) Deemed entitlement to disabled widow's or widower's benefit 
under certain circumstances as provided in Sec. 406.12;
    (3) A diagnosis of end-stage renal disease, as specified in Sec. 
406.13;
    (4) Effective January 1, 1981, eligibility for social security cash 
benefits, as specified in Sec. 406.10(a)(3), if the individual has 
attained age 65 without applying for those benefits; or
    (5) The special provisions applicable to government employment as 
set forth in Sec. 406.15.
    (d) When application is deemed to be filed. (1) An application based 
on the transitional provisions or on ESRD is deemed to be filed in the 
first month of eligibility if it is filed not more than 3 months before 
the first month, and is retroactive to that month if filed within 12 
months after the first month. An application filed more than 12 months 
after the first month of eligibility is retroactive to the 12th month 
before the month it is filed.
    (2) An application for deemed entitlement to disabled widow's or 
widower's benefits, that is filed before the first month in which the 
individual meets all conditions of entitlement for this benefit, will be 
deemed a valid application if those conditions are met before an initial 
determination, reconsideration, or hearing decision is made on the 
application. If the conditions are met after the date of any hearing 
decision, a new application will have to be filed. An application 
validly filed within 12 months after the first month of eligibility is 
retroactive to that first month. If filed more than 12 months after that 
first month, it is retroactive to the 12th month before the month of 
filing.
    (3) Effective June 8, 1980, an application based on eligibility for 
social security benefits at or after age 65, that is filed before the 
first month in which the individual meets all eligibility conditions for 
this benefit, will be deemed a valid application if those conditions are 
met before an initial determination, reconsideration, or hearing 
decision is made on the application. If the conditions are met after the 
date of any hearing decision, a new application will have to be filed.
    (4) Effective March 1, 1981, an application under Sec. 406.10 that 
is validly filed within 6 months after the first month of eligibility is 
retroactive to that first month. If filed more than 6 months after that 
first month, it is retroactive to the 6th month before the month of 
filing.
    (e) Individuals who must enroll for hospital insurance. An 
individual who must pay a monthly premium for hospital insurance must 
enroll in accordance with the procedures set forth in Sec. 406.21.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
53 FR 47202, Nov. 22, 1988; 61 FR 40345, Aug. 2, 1996]



Sec. 406.7  Forms to apply for entitlement under Medicare Part A.

    The following forms, available free of charge by mail from CMS or at 
any Social Security branch or district office, are used to apply for 
Medicare entitlement under the circumstances indicated:

    CMS-18-F-5--Application for Hospital Insurance Entitlement. (For use 
by individuals who are not eligible for retirement benefits under Title 
II of the Social Security Act or under the Railroad Retirement Act. This 
form may also be used for enrollment in the supplementary medical 
insurance program.)
    CMS-43--Application for Health Insurance Benefits under Medicare for 
Individuals with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). (An initial

[[Page 251]]

application for entitlement by individuals with ESRD).


As an alternative, an individual may use the application for monthly 
social benefits to apply also for Medicare entitlement if he or she is 
eligible for hospital insurance at that time.

[53 FR 6633, Mar. 2, 1988]



          Subpart B_Hospital Insurance Without Monthly Premiums



Sec. 406.10  Individual age 65 or over who is entitled to social security or 
railroad retirement benefits, or who is eligible for social security benefits.

    (a) Requirements. An individual is entitled to hospital insurance 
benefits under section 226 of the Act if he or she has attained aged 65 
and is:
    (1) Entitled to monthly social security benefits under section 202 
of the Social Security Act;
    (2) A qualified railroad retirement beneficiary who has been 
certified as such to the Social Security Administration by the Railroad 
Retirement Board in accordance with section 7(d) of the Railroad 
Retirement Act of 1974; or
    (3) Effective January 1, 1981, eligible for monthly social security 
benefits under section 202 of the Act and has filed an application for 
hospital insurance.
    (b) Beginning and end of entitlement. (1) Entitlement begins with 
the first day of the first month in which the individual meets the 
requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Entitlement continues until the individual dies or no longer 
meets the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. An individual 
is not entitled to railroad retirement benefits and is neither entitled 
to, nor eligible for, monthly social security benefits in the month in 
which he or she dies. However, an individual who meets all other 
requirements for hospital insurance entitlement is entitled to hospital 
insurance in the month in which he or she dies if he or she--
    (i) Would have been entitled to monthly railroad retirement benefits 
or social security benefits in that month if he or she had not died; or
    (ii) Has filed an application for hospital insurance and would have 
been eligible for monthly social security benefits in that month if he 
or she had not died.



Sec. 406.11  Individual age 65 or over who is not eligible as a social 

security or railroad retirement benefits beneficiary, or on the basis of 

government employment.

    (a) Basis. Section 103 of the law that established the Medicare 
program in 1965 (Pub. L. 89-97) provided for eligibility for certain 
individuals who were age 65 or would soon attain age 65 but would not be 
able to qualify for social security or railroad retirement benefits.
    (b) Requirements. Unless he or she is excluded under paragraph (c) 
of this section, an individual age 65 or over who does not meet the 
requirements of Sec. 406.10 or Sec. 406.15 (and who would not meet 
those requirements if he or she filed an application), is entitled to 
Medicare Part A benefits if he or she meets the following requirements:
    (1) Age and quarters of coverage. (i) He or she attained age 65 
before 1968; or
    (ii) If he or she attained age 65 in 1968 or later, he or she must 
have at least 3 quarters of coverage for each year that elapsed after 
1966 and before the year in which he or she attained age 65. (The 
quarters of coverage may have been acquired at any time, not necessarily 
during the elapsed years.)
    (2) Residence and citizenship. He or she is a resident of the United 
States and--
    (i) A citizen of the United States; or
    (ii) An alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence who has 
continuously resided in the United States for 5 years immediately 
preceding the first month in which he or she meets all other 
requirements for entitlement to hospital insurance.
    (3) Application. He or she has filed an application for Medicare 
Part A no earlier than the third month before the first month of 
eligibility.
    (c) Bases for exclusion. An individual who meets the requirements of 
paragraph (b) of this section is excluded from Medicare Part A if he or 
she--
    (1) Has been convicted of spying, sabotage, or treason, sedition, 
and subversive action under chapter 37, 105, or 115 of title 18 of the 
United States Code;

[[Page 252]]

    (2) Has been convicted of conspiracy to establish a dictatorship 
under section 4 of the Internal Security Act of 1950;
    (3) On February 16, 1965, was or could have been covered under the 
Federal Employees Health Benefits Act (FEHBA) of 1959; or
    (4) In his or her first month of eligibility;
    (i) Is covered by an enrollment under the FEHBA; or
    (ii) Could have been covered by an enrollment under that Act if he 
or she (or any other person who could provide him or her with coverage) 
was a Federal employee at any time after February 15, 1965, and had 
enrolled and retained coverage under that Act.
    (d) End of exclusion. An individual excluded under paragraph (c)(3) 
or (4) of this section can become entitled beginning with the first 
month in which he or she loses the right to FEHBA coverage solely 
because he or she or the other person leaves Federal employment.
    (e) Beginning and end of entitlement. (1) Entitlement begins--
    (i) In the first month of eligibility if the application is filed no 
later than 12 months after the first month of eligibility:
    (ii) In the 12th month before the month of application if the 
application is filed more than 12 months after the first month of 
eligibility.
    (2) Entitlement continues until death or until the month before the 
month in which the individual becomes entitled under Sec. 406.10 or 
Sec. 406.15.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
53 FR 47202, Nov. 22, 1988]



Sec. 406.12  Individual under age 65 who is entitled to social security or 
railroad retirement disability benefits.

    (a) Basic requirements. An individual under age 65 is entitled to 
hospital insurance benefits if, for 25 months, he or she has been--
    (1) Entitled or deemed entitled to social security disability 
benefits as an insured individual, child, widow, or widower who is 
``under a disability'' or
    (2) A disabled qualified beneficiary certified under Section 7(d) of 
the Railroad Retirement Act.
    (b) Previous periods of disability benefits entitlement. Months of a 
previous period of entitlement or deemed entitlement to disability 
benefits count toward the 25-month requirement if any of the following 
conditions is met:
    (1) Entitlement was as an insured individual or a disabled qualified 
railroad retirement beneficiary, and the previous period ended within 
the 60 months preceding the month in which the current disability began.
    (2) Entitlement was as a disabled child, widow, or widower, and the 
previous period ended within the 84 months preceding the month in which 
the current disability began.
    (3) The previous period ended on or after March 1, 1988 and the 
current impairment is the same as, or directly related to, the 
impairment on which the previous period of entitlement was based.
    (c) Deemed entitlement to disabled widow's or widower's monthly 
benefits. (1) Purpose. The provisions of paragraphs (c) (2), (3), and 
(4) of this section are intended to enable individuals--
    (i) To meet the 25-month requirement of paragraph (a) of this 
section; or
    (ii) To retain hospital insurance entitlement when they are no 
longer entitled to monthly disability benefits.
    (2) Deemed entitlement for certain individuals entitled to old-age 
insurance benefits. An individual who becomes entitled to monthly old-
age insurance benefits before age 65, is, by law, precluded from 
establishing or retaining entitlement to disabled widow's or widower's 
monthly benefits. However, for purposes of meeting the 25-month 
requirement, a widow or widower who meets all other requirements for 
disability benefits and is excluded solely because of entitlement to 
old-age insurance benefits, shall be deemed to be (or to continue to be) 
entitled to disability benefits. A widow or widower who is not entitled 
to disability benefits for the month before attaining age 60 must file 
two applications, one for old-age insurance benefits and one for 
hospital insurance.
    (3) Deemed entitlement for certain individuals entitled to mother's 
benefits. An individual entitled to mother's insurance benefits under 
section 202(g) of the Social Security Act cannot at the

[[Page 253]]

same time be entitled to disabled widow's benefits. However, if she 
applies for hospital insurance, she will be deemed to be entitled to 
disabled widow's monthly benefits in the first month (of the 12 months 
before application) in which she would have been entitled to those 
benefits if she had filed an application for them.
    (4) Deemed entitlement for certain individuals entitled to father's 
benefits. An individual who is entitled to father's insurance benefits 
under section 202(g) of the Act cannot at the same time be entitled to 
disabled widower's benefits. However, if he applies for hospital 
insurance benefits, he will be deemed to be entitled to disabled 
widower's monthly benefits as follows:
    (i) If he applied for hospital insurance benefits before May 1984, 
he was deemed entitled to disabled widower's benefits for any month 
after April 1981 for which he would have been entitled to those benefits 
if he had filed an application for them.
    (ii) If he applies for hospital insurance benefits in or after May 
1984, he is deemed entitled to disabled widower's benefits for any 
month, up to 12 months before the month of application, for which he 
would have been entitled to those benefits if he had filed an 
application for them.
    (iii) Hospital insurance entitlement under this paragraph (c)(4) 
could not begin before May 1983.
    (5) Deemed retroactive entitlement for certain disabled widows and 
widowers. In some cases, disabled widows or widowers cannot become 
entitled to monthly cash benefits before the month in which they file 
application. However, for purposes of meeting the 25-month requirement, 
disability benefit entitlement will be deemed to have begun with the 
earliest month (of the 12 months before the application for cash 
benefits) in which the individual met all the requirements except the 
filing of an application. (This provision is effective for applications 
filed on or after January 1, 1978.)
    (d) When entitlement begins and ends. (1) Entitlement to hospital 
insurance begins with the 25th month of an individual's entitlement or 
deemed entitlement to disability benefits. Although an individual is not 
entitled to disability benefits for the month in which he or she dies, 
for purposes of this paragraph the individual will be deemed to be 
entitled for the month of death.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, entitlement 
to hospital insurance ends with the earliest of the following:
    (i) The last day of the last month in which he or she was entitled 
or deemed entitled to disability benefits or was qualified as a disabled 
railroad retirement beneficiary, if he or she was notified of the 
termination of entitlement before that month.
    (ii) The last day of the month following the month in which he or 
she is mailed a notice that his or her entitlement or deemed entitlement 
to disability benefits, or his or her status as a qualified disabled 
railroad retirement beneficiary, has ended.
    (iii) The last day of the month before the month he or she attains 
age 65. (An individual who is entitled to social security or railroad 
retirement cash benefits for the month of attainment of age 65 is 
automatically entitled to hospital insurance under Sec. 406.10.)
    (iv) The day of death.
    (e) Continuation of Medicare entitlement when disability benefit 
entitlement ends because of substantial gainful activity (SGA)--(1) 
Definitions. As used in this section--
    Trial work period means the 9-month period provided under title II 
of the Act and as defined 20 CFR 404.1592, during which the individual 
may test his or her ability to work and still receive disability cash 
benefits; and
    Reentitlement period means a period as defined in 20 CFR 404.1592a 
that begins with the first month after the trial work period and ends 
with the 36th month after the trial work period or, if earlier, with the 
first month in which the impairment no longer exists or is no longer 
disabling. (During the reentitlement period, benefits may be 
discontinued because of SGA. However, if SGA is later discontinued, 
benefits may be reinstated without a new application and a new 
disability determination.)
    (2) Duration of continued Medicare entitlement. If an individual's 
entitlement to disability benefits or status as a

[[Page 254]]

qualified disabled railroad retirement beneficiary ends because he or 
she engaged in, or demonstrated the ability to engage in, substantial 
gainful activity after the 36 months following the end of the trial work 
period, Medicare entitlement continues until the earlier of the 
following:
    (i) The last day of the 78th month following the first month of 
substantial gainful activity occurring after the 15th month of the 
individual's reentitlement period or, if later, the end of the month 
following the month the individual's disability benefit entitlement 
ends.
    (ii) The last day of the month following the month in which notice 
is mailed to the individual indicating that he or she is no longer 
entitled to hospital insurance because of an event or circumstance (for 
example, there has been medical improvement, or the disabled widow has 
remarried) that would terminate disability benefit entitlement if it had 
not already been terminated because of substantial gainful activity.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986, 
as amended at 53 FR 47202, Nov. 22, 1988; 56 FR 38078, Aug. 12, 1991; 56 
FR 50058, Oct. 3, 1991; 61 FR 40345, Aug. 2, 1996; 69 FR 57225, Sept. 
24, 2004]



Sec. 406.13  Individual who has end-stage renal disease.

    (a) Statutory basis and applicability. This section explains the 
conditions of entitlement to hospital insurance benefits on the basis of 
end-stage renal disease, and specifies the beginning and end of the 
period of entitlement. It implements section 226A of the Social Security 
Act.
    (b) Definitions. As used in this section:
    End-stage renal disease (ESRD) means that stage of kidney impairment 
that appears irreversible and permanent and requires a regular course of 
dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain life.
    Child or spouse means a child or spouse whose relationship to the 
parent or spouse meets the relationship requirements for entitlement to 
child's monthly social security benefits or to wife's, husband's, 
widow's, widower's, mother's or father's monthly benefits, as set forth 
in 20 CFR part 404. However, the duration of relationship requirements 
apply only to divorced spouses. (See 20 CFR 404.331.)
    Dependent child means a person who, on the first day he or she has 
end-stage renal disease, is unmarried and meets the dependency 
requirements for entitlement to child's social security benefits on the 
basis of a parent's earnings (see 20 CFR 404.350-404.365) and who--
    (1) Is under age 22;
    (2) Is under a disability that began before age 22; or
    (3) Is under age 26, is receiving at least one-half support from 
that parent, and has continuously received at least one-half support 
from that parent since the day before attaining age 22.
    One-half support means regular contributions, in cash or in kind, 
that equals or exceeds one-half of the child's total support.
    (c) Requirements. An individual is entitled to hospital insurance 
benefits if--
    (1) He or she is medically determined to have ESRD;
    (2) He or she is:
    (i) Fully or currently insured under the social security program 
(title II of the Act) or would be fully or currently insured if his or 
her employment (after 1936) as defined under the Railroad Retirement Act 
were considered ``employment'' under the Social Security Act;
    (ii) Entitled to monthly social security or railroad retirement 
benefits; or
    (iii) The spouse or dependent child of a person who meets the 
requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) or (c)(2)(ii) of this section;
    (3) He or she has filed an application for Medicare Part A; and
    (4) He or she has satisfied the waiting period explained in 
paragraph (e) of this section.
    (d) Filing an application. (1) An individual may obtain an 
application form, and help in completing it, from any social security 
office.
    (2) An application is not valid if it is filed earlier than the 
third month before the month in which the individual meets the 
conditions of paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2), and (c)(4) of this section.

[[Page 255]]

    (3) If an individual who has ESRD dies before he or she has filed an 
application, or is unable to file because of physical or mental 
condition, a relative or other person responsible for his or her affairs 
may file in his or her behalf. If a responsible person is not available, 
the hospital or dialysis facility that furnished treatment may file the 
application.
    (e) Beginning of entitlement--(1) Basic limitations. Entitlement can 
begin no earlier than the first month in which the individual meets the 
conditions specified in paragraph (c) of this section, or the 12th month 
before the month of application, whichever is later.
    (2) Waiting period. Entitlement begins on the first day of the third 
month after the month in which the individual initiates a regular course 
of renal dialysis, if the course is maintained throughout the waiting 
period, unless entitlement would begin earlier under paragraph (e) (3) 
or (4) of this section. This means that if dialysis began in January, 
entitlement would begin April 1.
    (3) Exceptions: Early kidney transplant. If the individual receives 
a transplant, entitlement begins with the first day of the month in 
which the transplant was performed. However, if the individual is 
admitted as an inpatient to a hospital that is an approved renal 
transplantation center or renal dialysis center (see Sec. 405.2102) for 
procedures preliminary to transplant surgery, entitlement begins--
    (i) On the first day of the month in which he or she initially 
enters the hospital, if the transplant is performed in that month or in 
either of the next 2 months; or
    (ii) On the first day of the second month before the month of kidney 
transplantation, if the transplant is delayed more than 2 months after 
the month of initial hospital stay.

For example, if an individual enters the hospital in January, and the 
transplant is performed in January, February, or March, entitlement 
would begin January 1. However, if the transplant is performed in April, 
entitlement would begin February 1.
    (4) Exceptions: Self-dialysis training. Entitlement begins on the 
first day of the month in which a regular course of renal dialysis began 
if:
    (i) Before the end of the waiting period, the individual 
participates in a self-dialysis training program offered by a 
participating Medicare facility that is approved to provide such 
training;
    (ii) The patient's physician has certified that it is reasonable to 
expect the individual will complete the training program and will self-
dialyze on a regular basis; and
    (iii) The regular course of dialysis is maintained throughout the 
time that would otherwise be the waiting period (unless it is terminated 
earlier because the individual dies).
    (f) End of entitlement. Entitlement ends with--
    (1) The end of the 12th month after the month in which a regular 
course of dialysis ends; or
    (2) The end of the 36th month after the month in which the 
individual has received a kidney transplant.
    (g) Resumption of entitlement. Entitlement is resumed under the 
following conditions:
    (1) An individual who initiates a regular course of renal dialysis 
or has a kidney transplant during the 12-month period after the previous 
course of dialysis ended is entitled to Part A benefits and eligible to 
enroll in Part B with the month the regular course of dialysis is 
resumed or the month the kidney is transplanted.
    (2) An individual who initiates a regular course of renal dialysis 
or has a kidney transplant during the 36-month period after an earlier 
kidney transplant is entitled to Part A benefits and eligible to enroll 
in Part B with the month the regular course of dialysis begins or with 
the month the subsequent kidney transplant occurs.
    (3) An individual who initiates a regular course of renal dialysis 
more than 12 months after the previous course of regular dialysis ended 
or more than 36 months after the month of a kidney transplant is 
eligible to enroll in Part A and Part B with the month in which the 
regular course of dialysis is resumed. If he or she is otherwise 
entitled under the conditions specified in paragraph (c) of this 
section, including

[[Page 256]]

the filing of an application, entitlement begins with the month in which 
dialysis is initiated or resumed, without a waiting period, subject to 
the limitations of paragraph (e)(1) of this section.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 60 FR 22535, May 8, 1995]



Sec. 406.15  Special provisions applicable to Medicare qualified government 
employment.

    (a) Definition. As used in this section, Medicare-qualified 
government employment means Federal, State, or local government 
employment that is subject only to the hospital insurance portion of the 
tax imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (F.I.C.A.). This 
includes--
    (1) Wages paid for Federal employment after December 1982.
    (2) Wages paid to State and local government employees hired after 
March 31, 1986.
    (3) Wages paid to State and local government employees hired before 
April 1, 1986 but whose employment after March 31, 1986 is covered, for 
Medicare purposes only, under an agreement under section 218 of the Act.
    (b) Crediting of wages that are taxable only for Medicare purposes. 
Medicare qualified government employment is credited in the same way and 
in the same amount as social security covered employment is credited for 
monthly social security cash benefit purposes. However, since only the 
Medicare portion (not the social security portion) of the F.I.C.A. tax 
is imposed, Medicare qualified government employment does not help 
qualify the individual for monthly Social Security cash benefits.
    (c) Required quarters of coverage. (1) To qualify for hospital 
insurance on the basis of Medicare qualified government employment, an 
individual must have the number of quarters of coverage necessary to 
qualify for hospital insurance under Sec. 406.10, Sec. 406.12, or 
Sec. 406.13.
    (2) An individual who has worked in Medicare qualified government 
employment may qualify for hospital insurance on the basis of Medicare 
qualified government employment exclusively, or a combination of 
Medicare qualified government employment and social security covered 
employment.
    (d) Transitional provision for Federal employment. Any individual 
who was a Federal employee at any time both during and before January 
1983 will receive credit for quarters of Federal employment before 
January 1983 without paying tax. This transitional provision applies 
even if the Federal employee did not receive Federal wages for January 
1983, for instance, because he or she was on approved leave without pay 
or on loan to a State or foreign agency.
    (e) Conditions of entitlement. An individual who has worked in 
Medicare qualified government employment (or any related individual who 
would be entitled to social security cash benefits on the employee's 
record if Medicare qualified government employment qualified for those 
benefits) is entitled to hospital insurance benefits if he or she--
    (1) Would meet the requirements of Sec. 406.10, Sec. 406.12, or 
Sec. 406.13 if Medicare qualified government employment were social 
security covered employment; and
    (2) Has filed an application for hospital insurance.

For purposes of this section not more than 12 months before the month of 
application may be counted towards the 25-month qualifying period 
specified in Sec. 406.12(a).
    (f) Beginning and end of entitlement--(1) Basic rule. Subject to the 
limitations specified in paragraph (f)(2) and (f)(3) of this section, 
entitlement begins and ends as specified in Sec. 406.10, Sec. 406.12 
or Sec. 406.13, whichever is used to establish hospital insurance 
entitlement for the Federal, State, or local government employee or 
related individual.
    (2) Limitations: Federal government employment. (i) Hospital 
insurance entitlement based on Federal employment could not begin before 
January 1983.
    (ii) No months before January 1983 may be used to satisfy the 
qualifying period required for entitlement based on disability.
    (3) Limitations: State and local government employment. (i) Hospital 
insurance entitlement based on State or local government employment 
cannot begin before April 1986.

[[Page 257]]

    (ii) No months before April 1986 may be used to satisfy the 
qualifying period required for entitlement based on disability.

[53 FR 47202, Nov. 22, 1988]



                  Subpart C_Premium Hospital Insurance



Sec. 406.20  Basic requirements.

    (a) General provisions. Hospital insurance benefits are available to 
most individuals age 65 or over and to certain individuals under age 65 
who do not qualify for those benefits under subpart B of this part and 
are willing to pay a monthly premium. This is called premium hospital 
insurance.
    (b) Eligibility of individuals age 65 or over to enroll for premium 
hospital insurance. Any individual is eligible to enroll for Medicare 
Part A if he or she--
    (1) Has attained age 65;
    (2) Is a resident of the United States and is either--
    (i) A citizen of the United States; or
    (ii) An alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence who has 
resided in the United States continuously for the 5-year period 
immediately preceding the month in which he or she meets all other 
requirements;
    (3) Is not eligible for Part A benefits under subpart B of this 
part; and
    (4) Is entitled to supplementary medical insurance (Part B of 
Medicare) or is eligible and has enrolled for it during an enrollment 
period.
    (c) Eligibility of individuals under age 65 to enroll for premium 
hospital insurance. An individual who has not attained age 65 is 
eligible to enroll for Medicare Part A if he or she meets the following 
conditions:
    (1) Has been entitled to Medicare Part A (under Sec. 406.12 or 
Sec. 406.15) on the basis of entitlement or deemed entitlement to 
social security disability benefits, as provided under section 226(b) of 
the Act.
    (2) Continues to have a disabling physical or mental impairment.
    (3) Loses entitlement to disability benefits (and therefore also 
loses entitlement to Medicare Part A under Sec. 406.12) solely because 
his or her earnings exceed the amount allowed under the social security 
regulations pertaining to ``substantial gainful activity'' (20 CFR 
404.1571-404.1574); and
    (4) Is not otherwise entitled to Medicare Part A.

[56 FR 38078, Aug. 12, 1991; 56 FR 50058, Oct. 3, 1991]



Sec. 406.21  Individual enrollment.

    (a) Basic provision. An individual who meets the requirements of 
Sec. 406.20 (b) or (c) may enroll for premium hospital insurance only 
during his or her ``initial enrollment period'', a ``general enrollment 
period'', a ``special enrollment period'', or, for HMO/CMP enrollees, a 
``transfer enrollment period'', as set forth in paragraphs (b) through 
(f) of this section.
    (b) Initial enrollment periods--(1) Initial enrollment period for 
individual age 65 or over. The initial enrollment period extends for 7 
months, from the third month before the month the individual first meets 
the requirements of Sec. 406.20 (b)(1) through (b)(3) through the third 
month after that first month of eligibility.
    (2) Initial enrollment period of individual under age 65. The 
initial enrollment period begins with the month in which the individual 
receives notice that entitlement to Medicare Part A will end because he 
or she has lost entitlement to disability benefits solely because of 
earnings in excess of the amounts allowed under the social security 
regulations on substantial gainful activity (20 CFR 404.1571-404.1574). 
It continues for 7 full months after that month.
    (c) General enrollment period. (1) Except as specified in paragraph 
(c)(4) of this section, the general enrollment period extends from 
January 1 to March 31 of each calendar year.
    (2) General enrollment periods are for individuals who do not enroll 
during the special enrollment period, who failed to enroll during the 
initial enrollment period, or whose previous period of entitlement had 
terminated.
    (3) If the individual enrolls or reenrolls during a general 
enrollment period, his or her entitlement begins on July 1 of the 
calendar year.
    (4) During the period April 1 through September 30, 1981, the 
general enrollment period was any time after the end of the individual's 
initial enrollment

[[Page 258]]

period. Any eligible individual whose initial enrollment period has 
ended, or whose previous period of entitlement had terminated, could 
enroll or reenroll during that 6-month period.
    (d) ``Deemed'' initial enrollment period for individual age 65 or 
over. (1) If an individual who has attained age 65 fails to enroll 
during the initial enrollment period because of reliance on incorrect 
documentary information which led him or her to believe that he or she 
was not yet age 65, an initial enrollment period may be established for 
him or her as though he or she had attained age 65 on the date indicated 
by the incorrect documentary information.
    (2) The deemed initial enrollment period will be used to determine 
the individual's premium and right to enroll in a general enrollment 
period if such use is advantageous to the individual.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Transfer enrollment period for HMO/CMP enrollees--(1) 
Terminology. HMO or CMP means an eligible organization as defined in 
Sec. 417.401 which has a contract with CMS under part 417, subpart L of 
this chapter.
    (2) Basic rule. Effective February 1, 1991, individuals enrolled in 
an HMO or CMP under part 417, subpart K of this chapter who meet the 
requirements of Sec. 406.20(b) may enroll in premium hospital insurance 
during a transfer enrollment period. This transfer enrollment period 
begins with any month or any part of a month in which the individual is 
enrolled in an HMO or CMP and ends with the last day of the 8th 
consecutive month in which the individual is no longer enrolled in the 
HMO or CMP.
    (3) Effective date of coverage. (i) If the individual enrolls in 
premium hospital insurance while still enrolled in an HMO or CMP, or 
during the first month that he or she is no longer enrolled in the HMO 
or CMP, part A coverage will begin on the first day of the month of part 
A enrollment, or, at the option of the individual, on the first day of 
any of the following 3 months.
    (ii) If the individual enrolls in premium hospital insurance during 
any of the last 7 months of the transfer enrollment period, coverage 
will begin on the first day of the month after the month of enrollment.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986, 
as amended at 53 FR 47203, Nov. 22, 1988; 56 FR 38079, Aug. 12, 1991; 57 
FR 36014, Aug. 12, 1992; 61 FR 40345, Aug. 2, 1996]



Sec. 406.22  Effect of month of enrollment on entitlement.

    (a) Individual age 65 or over. For an individual who has attained 
age 65, the following rules apply:
    (1) If the individual enrolls during the 3 months before the first 
month of eligibility, entitlement begins with the first month of 
eligibility.
    (2) If the individual enrolls in the first month of eligibility, 
entitlement begins with the following month.
    (3) If the individual enrolls during the month after the first month 
of eligibility, entitlement begins with the second month after the month 
of enrollment.
    (4) If the individual enrolls in either of the last 2 months of the 
enrollment period, entitlement begins with the third month after the 
month of enrollment.
    (b) Individual under age 65. For an individual who has not attained 
age 65, the following rules apply:
    (1) If the individual enrolls before the month in which he or she 
meets the requirements of Sec. 406.20(c), entitlement begins with the 
month in which the individual meets those requirements.
    (2) If the individual enrolls in the month in which he or she first 
meets the requirements of Sec. 406.20(c), entitlement begins with the 
following month.
    (3) If the individual enrolls in the month following the month in 
which he or she meets the requirements of Sec. 406.20(c), entitlement 
begins with the second month after the month of enrollment.
    (4) If the individual enrolls more than one month after the month in 
which he or she first meets the requirements of Sec. 406.20(c), 
entitlement begins with the third month after the month of enrollment.

[56 FR 38079, Aug. 12, 1991]

[[Page 259]]



Sec. 406.24  Special enrollment period. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Before August 1986, SEPs were available only for enrollment in 
supplementary medical insurance, not for enrollment in premium hospital 
insurance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (a) Terminology. As used in this subpart, the following terms have 
the indicated meanings.
    (1) Current employment status has the meaning given this term in 
Sec. 411.104 of this chapter.
    (2) Family member has the meaning given this term in Sec. 411.201 
of this chapter.
    (3) Group health plan (GHP) and large group health plan (LGHP) have 
the meanings given those terms in Sec. 411.101 of this chapter, except 
that the ``former employee'' language of those definitions does not 
apply with respect to SEPs because--
    (i) Section 1837(i)(1)(A) of the Act explicitly requires that GHP 
coverage of an individual age 65 or older, be by reason of the 
individual's (or the individual's spouse's) current employment status; 
and
    (ii) The sentence following section 1837(i)(1)(B), of the Act refers 
to ``large group health plan''. Under section 1862(b)(1)(B)(i), as 
amended by OBRA '93, LGHP coverage of a disabled individual must be ``by 
virtue of the individual's or a family member's current employment 
status with an employer''.
    (4) Special enrollment period (SEP) is a period provided by statute 
to enable certain individuals to enroll in Medicare without having to 
wait for the general enrollment period.
    (b) Duration of SEP.\2\ (1) The SEP includes any month during any 
part of which--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Before March 1995, SEPs began on the first day of the first 
month the individual was no longer covered under a GHP or LGHP by reason 
of current employment status.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) An individual over age 65 is enrolled in a GHP by reason of the 
current employment status of the individual or the individual's spouse; 
or
    (ii) An individual under age 65 and disabled--
    (A) Is enrolled in a GHP by reason of the current employment status 
of the individual or the individual's spouse; or
    (B) Is enrolled in an LGHP by reason of the current employment 
status of the individual or a member of the individual's family.
    (2) The SEP ends on the last day of the eighth consecutive month 
during which the individual is at no time enrolled in a GHP or an LGHP 
by reason of current employment status.
    (c) Conditions for use of a SEP.\3\ In order to use a SEP, the 
individual must meet the following conditions:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ Before August 10, 1993, an individual under age 65 could qualify 
for a SEP only if he or she had LGHP coverage as an ``active 
individual'', which the statute defined as ``an employee, employer, 
self-employed individual (such as the employer), individual associated 
with the employer in a business relationship, or as a member of the 
family of any of those persons''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (1) When first eligible to enroll for premium hospital insurance 
under Sec. 406.20(b) or (c), the individual was--
    (i) Age 65 or over and covered under a GHP by reason of the current 
employment status of the individual or the individual's spouse;
    (ii) Under age 65 and covered under an LGHP by reason of the current 
employment status of the individual or a member of the individual's 
family ; or
    (iii) Under age 65 and covered under a GHP by reason of the current 
employment status of the individual or the individual's spouse.
    (2) For all the months thereafter, the individual has maintained 
coverage either under hospital insurance or a GHP or LGHP.
    (d) Special rule: Additional SEPs. (1) Generally, if an individual 
fails to enroll during any available SEP, he or she is not entitled to 
any additional SEPs.
    (2) However, if an individual fails to enroll during a SEP, because 
coverage under the same or a different GHP or LGHP was restored before 
the end of that particular SEP, that failure to enroll does not preclude 
additional SEPs.
    (e) Effective date of coverage. (1) If the individual enrolls in a 
month during any part of which he or she is covered under a GHP or LGHP 
on the basis of current employment status, or in the first full month 
when no longer so covered, coverage begins on the first day of the month 
of enrollment or, at the individual's option, on the first day of any of 
the three following months.

[[Page 260]]

    (2) If the individual enrolls in any month of the SEP other than the 
months specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, coverage begins on 
the first day of the month following the month of enrollment.

[61 FR 40346, Aug. 2, 1996]



Sec. 406.26  Enrollment under State buy-in.

    (a) Enrollment of QMBs under a State buy-in agreement--(1) Effective 
date. Beginning with calendar year 1990, a State may request and be 
granted a modification of its buy-in agreement to include enrollment and 
payment of Part A premiums for QMBs (as defined in section 1905(p)(1) of 
the Act) who can become entitled to Medicare Part A only by paying a 
premium.
    (2) Amount of premium. Premiums paid under State buy-in are not 
subject to increase because of late enrollment or reenrollment.
    (b) Beginning of coverage under buy-in. The coverage period begins 
with the latest of the following:
    (1) The third month following the month in which the agreement 
modification covering QMBs is effectuated.
    (2) The first month in which the individual is entitled to premium 
hospital insurance under Sec. 406.20(b) and has QMB status.
    (3) The date specified in the agreement modification.
    (c) End of coverage under buy-in. Buy-in coverage ends with the 
earlier of the following:
    (1) Death. Coverage ends on the last day of the month in which the 
QMB dies.
    (2) Loss of QMB status. If the individual loses eligibility for QMB 
status, coverage ends on the last day of the month in which CMS receives 
the State's notice of ineligibility.
    (3) Termination of buy-in agreement. If the State's buy-in agreement 
is terminated, coverage ends on the last day of the last month for which 
the agreement is in effect.
    (4) Entitlement to premium-free Part A. If the individual becomes 
entitled to premium-free Part A, buy-in coverage ends on the last day of 
entitlement to premium Part A.
    (d) Continuation of coverage: Individual enrollment following 
termination of buy-in coverage--(1) Deemed enrollment. If coverage under 
a buy-in agreement ends because the agreement is terminated or the 
individual loses QMB status, the individual--
    (i) Is considered to have enrolled during his or her initial 
enrollment period; and
    (ii) Is entitled to Part A benefits and liable for Part A premiums 
beginning with the first month for which he or she is no longer covered 
under the buy-in agreement.
    (2) Voluntary termination. (i) An individual may voluntarily 
terminate entitlement acquired under paragraph (d)(1) of this section by 
filing, with SSA or CMS, a request for disenrollment.
    (ii) Voluntary disenrollment is effective as follows:
    (A) If the individual files a request within 30 days after the date 
of CMS's notice that buy-in coverage has ended, the individual's 
entitlement ends on the last day of the last month for which the State 
paid the premium.
    (B) If the individual files the request more than 30 days but not 
more than 6 months after buy-in coverage ends, entitlement ends on the 
last day of the month in which the request is filed.
    (C) If the individual files the request later than the 6th month 
after buy-in coverage ends, entitlement ends at the end of the month 
after the month in which request is filed.

[56 FR 38080, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 406.28  End of entitlement.

    Any of the following actions or events ends entitlement to premium 
hospital insurance:
    (a) Filing of request for termination. The beneficiary may at any 
time give CMS or the Social Security Administration written notice that 
he or she no longer wishes to participate in the premium hospital 
insurance program.
    (1) If he or she files the notice before entitlement begins, he or 
she will be deemed not to have enrolled.
    (2) If he or she files the notice after entitlement begins, that 
entitlement will end at the close of the month following the month in 
which he or she filed the notice.
    (b) Eligibility for hospital insurance without premiums. (1) If an 
individual

[[Page 261]]

meets the eligibility requirements for hospital insurance specified in 
Sec. 406.10, Sec. 406.11, Sec. 406.13 or Sec. 406.15, entitlement to 
premium hospital insurance ends with the month before the month in which 
he or she meets those requirements.
    (2) If an individual meets the requirements of Sec. 406.10, Sec. 
406.11, Sec. 406.13, or Sec. 406.15, he or she will be deemed to have 
filed the required application for hospital insurance benefits in his or 
her first month of eligibility under that section.
    (c) End of entitlement to supplementary medical insurance (SMI) for 
individual who has attained age 65. In the case of an individual 
enrolled on the basis of Sec. 406.20(b), entitlement to premium 
hospital insurance ends on the same date that entitlement to SMI ends.
    (d) Nonpayment of premium. (1) If an individual fails to pay the 
premium bill, entitlement will end on the last day of the third month 
after the billing month.
    (2) CMS may reinstate entitlement if the individual shows good cause 
for failure to pay on time, and pays all overdue premiums within 3 
calendar months after the date specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section.
    (e) Death. Entitlement ends with the day of death. (A premium is due 
for the month of death.)
    (f) End of disabling impairment for individual under age 65. In the 
case of an individual enrolled on the basis of Sec. 406.20(c), 
entitlement to premium hospital insurance ends on the last day of the 
month after the month in which the individual is notified that he or she 
no longer has a disabling impairment.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986, 
as amended at 53 FR 47204, Nov. 22, 1988. Redesignated and amended at 56 
FR 38080, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 406.32  Monthly premiums.

    (a) Promulgation and effective date. Beginning with 1984, premiums 
are promulgated each September, effective for the succeeding calendar 
year.
    (b) Monthly premiums: Determination of dollar amount. (1) Effective 
for calendar years beginning January 1989, the dollar amount is 
determined based on an estimate of one-twelfth of the average per capita 
costs for benefits and administrative costs that will be payable with 
respect to individuals age 65 or over from the Federal Hospital 
Insurance Trust Fund during the succeeding calendar year.
    (2) Before 1989, the dollar amount was determined by multiplying $33 
by the ratio of the next year's inpatient deductible to $76, which was 
the inpatient deductible determined for 1973. (Because of cost controls, 
the deductible actually charged for that year was $72.)
    (3) Effective for months beginning January 1994, if an individual 
meets the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, the monthly 
premium determined under paragraph (b)(1) of this section is reduced in 
each month in which the individual meets the requirements by 25 percent 
in 1994, 30 percent in 1995, 35 percent in 1996, 40 percent in 1997 and 
45 percent in 1998 and thereafter.
    (4) The amount determined under paragraphs (b) (1), (2), or (3) of 
this section is rounded to the next nearest multiple of $1. (Fifty cents 
is rounded to the next higher dollar.)
    (c) Qualifying for a reduction in monthly premium. An individual who 
qualifies for the reduction described in paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section must be an individual who--
    (1) Has 30 or more quarters of coverage (QCs) as defined in 20 CFR 
404.140 through 404.146;
    (2) Has been married for at least the previous one year period to a 
worker who has 30 or more QCs;
    (3) Had been married to a worker who had 30 or more QCs for a period 
of at least one year before the death of the worker;
    (4) Is divorced from, after at least 10 years of marriage to, a 
worker who had 30 or more QCs at the time the divorce became final; or
    (5) Is divorced from, after at least 10 years of marriage to, a 
worker who subsequently died and who had 30 or more QCs at the time the 
divorce became final.
    (d) Monthly premiums: Increase for late enrollment and for 
reenrollment. For an individual who enrolls after the close of the 
initial enrollment period or reenrolls, the amount of the monthly 
premium, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section, is increased

[[Page 262]]

by 10 percent for each full 12 months in the periods described in 
Sec. Sec. 406.33 and 406.34. Effective beginning with premiums due for 
July 1986, the premium increase is limited to 10 percent and is payable 
for twice the number of full 12-month periods determined under those 
sections.
    (e) Collection of monthly premiums. (1) CMS will bill the enrollee 
on a monthly basis and include an addressed return envelope with the 
bill.
    (2) The enrollee must pay by check or money order that is payable to 
``CMS Medicare Insurance,'' and shows his or her name and the claim 
number that appears on his or her Medicare card. He or she must return 
the bill with the check or money order.
    (f) Months for which payment is due. (1) A premium payment is due 
for each month beginning with the first month of coverage and continuing 
through the month of death or if earlier, the month in which coverage 
ends.
    (2) A premium is due for the month of death if coverage is still in 
effect, even if the individual dies on the first day of the month.
    (g) Option for group payments. A public or private organization may 
pay the premiums on behalf of one or more enrollees under a contract or 
other arrangement with CMS if CMS determines that this method of payment 
is administratively feasible. (The rules set forth in subpart E of part 
408 of this chapter, for SMI premiums, also apply to group payment of 
Part A premiums.)

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986, 
as amended at 53 FR 47203, Nov. 22, 1988; 56 FR 8839, Mar. 1, 1991. 
Redesignated and amended at 56 FR 38079, 38080, Aug. 12, 1991; 57 FR 
36014, Aug. 12, 1992; 57 FR 58717, Dec. 11, 1992; 59 FR 26959, May 25, 
1994]



Sec. 406.33  Determination of months to be counted for premium increase: 
Enrollment.

    (a) Enrollment before April 1, 1981, or after September 30, 1981. 
The months to be counted for premium increase are the months from the 
end of the initial enrollment period through the end of the general 
enrollment period, the special enrollment period, or the transfer 
enrollment period in which the individual enrolls, excluding the 
following:
    (1) Any months before September 1973.
    (2) For premiums due for months after May 1986, any months beginning 
with January 1983 during which the individual was enrolled in an 
employer group health plan based on the current employment of the 
individual or the individual's spouse.
    (3) Any months during the 7-month special enrollment period under 
Sec. 406.21(e) during which premium hospital insurance coverage is in 
effect.
    (4) Any months that the individual was enrolled in an HMO or CMP 
under part 417, subpart K of this chapter as described in Sec. 
406.21(f).
    (b) Enrollment during the period April 1 through September 30, 1981. 
The months to be counted for premium increase are the months from the 
end of the initial enrollment period through the month in which the 
individual enrolled, excluding any months before September 1973.
    (c) Examples. (1) John F's initial enrollment period ended July 1979 
but he did not enroll until January 1980. The months to be counted are 
August 1979 through March 1980. Since only 8 months elapsed, there is no 
premium increase.
    (2) Mary T's initial enrollment period ended in April 1980 but she 
did not enroll until May 1981. The months to be counted are May 1980 
through May 1981. Since 13 months has elapsed, the premium would be 
increased by 10 percent.
    (3) Effective with July 1986, Mary T, in Example 2, would no longer 
have to pay an increased premium because she had paid it for twice the 
number of full 12-month periods during which she could have been, but 
was not, enrolled in the program.
    (4) Vincent C's initial enrollment period ended August 31, 1986. He 
was covered under his wife's employer group health plan until she 
retired on May 31, 1989. He enrolled during June 1989, the first month 
of the special enrollment period under Sec. 406.21(e). No months are 
countable for premium increase purposes because the exclusions of 
paragraph (a) of this section apply to all months.
    (5) Terry P enrolled in the 1987 general enrollment period, with 
coverage effective July 1987. There were 28

[[Page 263]]

months after the end of his initial enrollment period through the end of 
the 1987 general enrollment period. His premium is increased by 10 
percent. The increase will be eliminated after he has paid the 
additional 10 percent for 48 months.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986, 
as amended at 53 FR 47203, Nov. 22, 1988. Further redesignated and 
amended at 57 FR 36014, Aug. 12, 1992]



Sec. 406.34  Determination of months to be counted for premium increase: 
Reenrollment.

    (a) First reenrollment before April 1, 1981 or after September 30, 
1981. The months to be counted for premium increase are:
    (1) The months specified in Sec. 406.33(a) or (b); plus
    (2) The months from the end of the first period of entitlement 
through the end of the general enrollment period in which the individual 
reenrolled.
    (b) First reenrollment during the period April 1, 1981 through 
September 30, 1981. The months to be counted for premium increase are--
    (1) The months specified in Sec. 406.33(a); plus
    (2) The months from the end of the first period of entitlement 
through the month in which the individual reenrolled.
    (c) Subsequent reenrollment during the period April 1, 1981 through 
September 30, 1981. The months to be counted for premium increase are--
    (1) The months specified in paragraph (a) of this section; plus
    (2) The months from April 1981 through the month in which the 
individual reenrolled for the second time. (Since only one reenrollment 
was permitted before April 1981, any months from the end of the 
individual's first enrollment period of entitlement through March 1981 
are not counted.)
    (d) Subsequent reenrollment after September 30, 1981. The months to 
be counted for premium increase are--
    (1) The months specified in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, 
for the first and second periods of coverage; plus
    (2) The months from the end of each subsequent period of entitlement 
through the end of the general enrollment period in which the individual 
reenrolled, excluding any months before April 1981.
    (e) Example. Peter M enrolled during his initial enrollment period, 
terminated his first coverage period in August 1979 and reenrolled for 
the first time in January 1980. The 7 months to be counted (September 
1979 through March, 1980) were not enough to require any increase in the 
premium. Peter terminated his second period of coverage in February 1981 
and reenrolled for the second time in July 1981. Since the 4 months 
(April through July 1981), when added to the previous 7 months, bring 
the total to only 11 months, no premium increase is required.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986. 
Further redesignated and amended at 57 FR 58717, Dec. 11, 1992]



Sec. 406.38  Prejudice to enrollment rights because of Federal Government 
error.

    (a) If an individual's enrollment or nonenrollment for premium 
hospital insurance is unintentional, inadvertent, or erroneous because 
of the error, misrepresentation, or inaction of a Federal employee, or 
any person authorized by the Federal Government to act on its behalf, 
the Social Security Administration or CMS may take whatever action it 
determines is necessary to provide appropriate relief.
    (b) The action may include--
    (1) Designation of a special initial or general enrollment period;
    (2) Designation of an entitlement period;
    (3) Adjustment of premiums;
    (4) Any combination of the actions specified in paragraph (b) (1) 
through (3) of this section; or
    (5) Any other remedial action which may be necessary to correct or 
eliminate the effects of such error, misrepresentation, or inaction.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986. 
Further redesignated at 56 FR 38080, Aug. 12, 1991]

[[Page 264]]



  Subpart D_Special Circumstances That Affect Entitlement to Hospital 
                                Insurance



Sec. 406.50  Nonpayment of benefits on behalf of certain aliens.

    (a) Hospital insurance benefit payments may not be made for services 
furnished to an alien in any month in which his or her monthly social 
security benefits are suspended (or would be suspended if he or she were 
entitled to those benefits) because the alien remains outside the United 
States for more than 6 months.
    (b) Benefits will be payable beginning with services furnished in 
the first full calendar month the alien is back in the United States.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986. 
Further redesignated at 57 FR 58717, Dec. 11, 1992]



Sec. 406.52  Conviction of certain offenses.

    (a) Penalty that affects entitlement. (1) If an individual is 
convicted of any of the crimes listed in Sec. 406.11(c) (1) and (2), 
the court may impose, in addition to all other penalties, a penalty that 
affects entitlement to hospital insurance, beginning with the month of 
conviction.
    (2) The additional penalty is that the individual's income (or the 
income of the insured individual on whose earnings record he or she 
became or seeks to become entitled) for the year of conviction and any 
previous year may not be counted in determining the insured status 
necessary for entitlement to hospital insurance.
    (b) Effect of pardon. If the President of the United States pardons 
the convicted individual, that individual regains (or may again seek) 
entitlement effective with the month following the month in which the 
pardon is granted.

[48 FR 12536, Mar. 25, 1983. Redesignated at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986. 
Further redesignated at 57 FR 58717, Dec. 11, 1992]



PART 407_SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE (SMI) ENROLLMENT AND ENTITLEMENT--
Table of Contents




                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
407.1 Basis and scope.
407.2 General description of program.
407.4 Basic requirements for entitlement.

         Subpart B_Individual Enrollment and Entitlement for SMI

407.10 Eligibility to enroll.
407.11 Forms used to apply for enrollment under Medicare Part B.
407.12 General enrollment provisions.
407.14 Initial enrollment period.
407.15 General enrollment period.
407.17 Automatic enrollment.
407.18 Determining month of automatic enrollment.
407.20 Special enrollment period related to coverage under group health 
          plans.
407.22 Request for individual enrollment.
407.25 Beginning of entitlement: Individual enrollment.
407.27 Termination of entitlement: Individual enrollment.
407.30 Limitations on enrollment.
407.32 Prejudice to enrollment rights because of Federal Government 
          misrepresentation, inaction, or error.

                    Subpart C_State Buy-in Agreements

407.40 Enrollment under a State buy-in agreement.
407.42 Buy-in groups available to the 50 States, the District of 
          Columbia, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
407.43 Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, 
          and American Samoa.
407.45 Termination of State buy-in agreements.
407.47 Beginning of coverage under a State buy-in agreement.
407.48 Termination of coverage under a State buy-in agreement.
407.50 Continuation of coverage: Individual enrollment following end of 
          coverage under a State buy-in agreement.

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh).

    Source: 53 FR 47204, Nov. 22, 1988, unless otherwise noted.

[[Page 265]]



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec. 407.1  Basis and scope.

    (a) Statutory basis. The supplementary medical insurance (SMI) 
program is authorized by Part B of title XVIII of the Social Security 
Act.
    (1) Section 1831 of the Act establishes the program.
    (2) Sections 1836 and 1837 set forth the eligibility and enrollment 
requirements.
    (3) Section 1838 specifies the entitlement periods, which vary 
depending on the time and method of enrollment and on the basis for 
termination.
    (4) Section 1843 sets forth the requirements for State buy-in 
agreements under which States may enroll, and pay the SMI premiums for, 
eligible individuals who are also eligible for cash assistance or 
Medicaid.
    (5) Section 104(b) of the Social Security Amendments of 1965 (Pub. 
L. 89-87) specifies the limitations that apply to certain aliens and 
persons convicted of subversive activities.
    (b) Scope. This part sets forth the eligibility, enrollment, and 
entitlement requirements and procedures for supplementary medical 
insurance. (The rules about premiums are in part 408 of this chapter.)



Sec. 407.2  General description of program.

    Part B of Title XVIII of the Act provides for voluntary 
``supplementary medical insurance'' available to most individuals age 65 
or over and to disabled individuals who are under age 65 and entitled to 
hospital insurance. The SMI program is financed by premiums paid by (or 
for) each individual enrolled in the program, plus contributions from 
Federal funds. It covers certain physicians' services, outpatient 
services, home health services, services furnished by rural health 
clinics (RHCs), Federally qualified health centers (FQHCS), ambulatory 
surgical centers (ASCs), and comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation 
facilities (CORFs), and other medical and other health services.

[57 FR 24980, June 12, 1992]



Sec. 407.4  Basic requirements for entitlement.

    (a) An individual must meet the following requirements to be 
entitled to SMI:
    (1) Eligibility. The individual must meet the eligibility 
requirements specified in Sec. 407.10(a).
    (2) Enrollment. The individual must enroll for SMI, or must be 
enrolled by a State under a buy-in agreement as specified in Sec. 
407.40.
    (b) SMI pays only for covered expenses incurred during an 
individual's period of entitlement.



         Subpart B_Individual Enrollment and Entitlement for SMI



Sec. 407.10  Eligibility to enroll.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section, an individual is eligible to enroll for SMI if he or she--
    (1) Is entitled to hospital insurance under any of the rules set 
forth in Sec. Sec. 406.10 through 406.15 of this chapter; or
    (2) Meets the following requirements:
    (i) Has attained age 65. (An individual is considered to have 
attained age 65 on the day before the 65th anniversary of his or her 
birth.)
    (ii) Is a resident of the United States.
    (iii) Is a citizen of the United States, or an alien lawfully 
admitted for permanent residence who has resided continuously in the 
United States during the 5 years preceding the month in which he or she 
applies for enrollment.
    (b) Exception. An individual is not eligible to enroll for SMI if he 
or she has been convicted of--
    (1) Spying, sabotage, treason, or subversive activities under 
chapter 37, 105, or 115 of title 18 of the United States Code; or
    (2) Conspiracy to establish dictatorship under section 4 of the 
Internal Security Act of 1950.



Sec. 407.11  Forms used to apply for enrollment under Medicare Part B.

    The following forms, available free of charge by mail from CMS, or 
at any Social Security branch or district office, are used to apply for 
enrollment under the supplementary medical insurance program.


[[Page 266]]


CMS-4040--Application for Enrollment in the Supplementary Medical 
Insurance Program. (This form is used for enrollment by individuals who 
are not eligible for monthly benefits or for hospital insurance.)
CMS-40-B--Application for Medical Insurance. (For general use by the SSA 
District Office in requesting medical insurance protection during the 
general enrollment period or during the initial enrollment period if the 
enrollee is not subject to automatic enrollment is SMI.)
CMS-40-D--Application for Enrollment in the Supplementary Medical 
Insurance Program. (This form is mailed to individuals who do not have 
current supplementary medical insurance because of prior refusals, 
voluntary withdrawal, or premium default from prior coverage. It is used 
during the annual general enrollment period.)
CMS-40-F--Application for Medical Insurance. (For use by beneficiaries 
residing outside the United States.)
CMS-18-F-5--Application for Hospital Insurance Entitlement. (For use by 
individuals who are not eligible for retirement benefits under Title II 
of the Social Security Act or under the Railroad Retirement Act. This 
form may also be used for enrollment in the supplementary medical 
insurance program.)


As an alternative, the individual may request enrollment by answering 
the Part B enrollment questions on an application for monthly Social 
Security benefits, or by signing a simple statement of request, if he or 
she is eligible to enroll at that time.



Sec. 407.12  General enrollment provisions.

    (a) Opportunity to enroll. (1) An individual who is eligible to 
enroll for SMI may do so during an initial enrollment period or a 
general enrollment period as specified in Sec. Sec. 407.14, and 407.15. 
An individual who meets the conditions specified in Sec. 407.20 may 
enroll during a special enrollment period, as provided in that section.
    (2) An individual who fails to enroll during his or her initial 
enrollment period or whose enrollment has been terminated may enroll or 
reenroll during a general enrollment period, or, if he or she meets the 
specified conditions, during a special enrollment period.
    (b) Enrollment periods ending on a nonworkday. (1) If an enrollment 
period ends on a Federal nonworkday, that period is automatically 
extended to the next succeeding workday.
    (2) A Federal nonworkday is any Saturday, Sunday, or Federal legal 
holiday or a day that is declared by statute or executive order to be a 
day on which Federal employees are not required to work.



Sec. 407.14  Initial enrollment period.

    (a) Duration. (1) The initial enrollment period is the 7-month 
period that begins 3 months before the month an individual first meets 
the eligibility requirements of Sec. 407.10 and ends 3 months after 
that first month of eligibility.
    (2) In determining the initial enrollment period of an individual 
who is age 65 or over and eligible for enrollment solely because of 
entitlement to hospital insurance, the individual is considered as first 
meeting the eligibility requirements for SMI n the first day he or she 
becomes entitled to hospital insurance or would have been entitled if he 
or she filed an application for that program.
    (b) Deemed initial enrollment period. (1) SSA or CMS will establish 
a deemed initial enrollment period for an individual who fails to enroll 
during the initial enrollment period because of a belief, based on 
erroneous documentary evidence, that he or she had not yet attained age 
65. The period will be established as though the individual had attained 
age 65 on the date indicated by the incorrect information.
    (2) A deemed initial enrollment period established under paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section is used to determine the individual's premium and 
right to enroll in a general enrollment period if that is advantageous 
to the individual.



Sec. 407.15  General enrollment period.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, the 
general enrollment period is January through March of each calendar 
year.
    (b) An unlimited general enrollment period existed between April 1 
and September 30, 1981. Any eligible individual whose initial enrollment 
period had ended, or whose previous period of entitlement had 
terminated, could have enrolled or reenrolled during any month of that 
6-month period.

[[Page 267]]



Sec. 407.17  Automatic enrollment.

    (a) Who is automatically enrolled. An individual is automatically 
enrolled for SMI if he or she:
    (1) Resides in the United States, except in Puerto Rico;
    (2) Becomes entitled to hospital insurance under any of the 
provisions set forth in Sec. Sec. 406.10 through 406.15 of this 
chapter; and
    (3) Does not decline SMI enrollment.
    (b) Opportunity to decline automatic enrollment. (1) SSA will notify 
an individual that he or she is automatically enrolled under paragraph 
(a) of this section and grant the individual a specified period (at 
least 2 months after the month the notice is mailed) to decline 
enrollment.
    (2) The individual may decline enrollment by submitting to SSA or 
CMS a signed statement that he or she does not wish SMI.
    (3) The statement must be submitted before entitlement begins, or if 
later, within the time limits set in the notice of enrollment.



Sec. 407.18  Determining month of automatic enrollment.

    (a) An individual who is automatically enrolled in SMI under Sec. 
407.17 will have the month of enrollment determined in accordance with 
paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section. The month of enrollment 
determines the month of entitlement.
    (b) An individual is automatically enrolled in the third month of 
the initial enrollment period if he or she--
    (1) Is entitled to social security benefits under section 202 of the 
Act on the first day of the initial enrollment period;
    (2) Is entitled to hospital insurance based on end-stage renal 
disease; on entitlement to disability benefits as a social security or 
railroad retirement beneficiary; or on deemed entitlement to disability 
benefits on the basis of Medicare-qualified government employment; or
    (3) Establishes entitlement to hospital insurance by filing an 
application and meeting all other requirements (as set forth in subpart 
B of part 406 of this chapter) during the first 3 months of the initial 
enrollment period.
    (c) If an individual establishes entitlement to hospital insurance 
on the basis of an application filed in the last 4 months of the SMI 
initial enrollment period, he or she is automatically enrolled for SMI 
in the month in which the application is filed.
    (d) If an individual establishes entitlement to hospital insurance 
on the basis of an application filed after the SMI initial enrollment 
period but not during a general enrollment period in effect before April 
1, 1981, or after September 30, 1981, he or she is automatically 
enrolled for SMI on the first day of the next general enrollment period.
    (e) If the individual establishes entitlement to hospital insurance 
on the basis of an application filed during a SMI general enrollment 
period in effect before April 1, 1981 or after September 30, 1981, he or 
she is automatically enrolled on the first day of that period.
    (f) If an individual established entitlement to hospital insurance 
on the basis of an application filed during the general enrollment 
period of April 1, 1981, through September 30, 1981, he or she was 
automatically enrolled for SMI on the first day of the month in which 
the application was filed.



Sec. 407.20  Special enrollment period related to coverage under group health 
plans.

    (a) Terminology--(1) Group health plan (GHP) and large group health 
plan (LGHP). These terms have the meanings given them in Sec. 411.101 
of this chapter except that the ``former employee'' language of those 
definitions does not apply with respect to SEPs for the reasons 
specified in Sec. 406.24(a)(3) of this chapter.
    (2) Special enrollment period (SEP). This term has the meaning set 
forth in Sec. 406.24(a)(4) of this chapter. In order to use a SEP, an 
individual must meet the conditions of paragraph (b) and of paragraph 
(c) or (d) of this section, as appropriate.
    (b) General rule. All individuals must meet the following 
conditions:
    (1) They are eligible to enroll for SMI on the basis of age or 
disability, but not on the basis of end-stage renal disease.

[[Page 268]]

    (2) When first eligible for SMI coverage (4th month of their initial 
enrollment period), they were covered under a GHP or LGHP on the basis 
of current employment status or, if not so covered, they enrolled in SMI 
during their initial enrollment period; and
    (3) For all months thereafter, they maintained coverage under either 
SMI or a GHP or LGHP. (Generally, if an individual fails to enroll in 
SMI during any available SEP, he or she is not entitled to any 
additional SEPs. However, if an individual fails to enroll during a SEP 
because coverage under the same or a different GHP or LGHP was restored 
before the end of that particular SEP, that failure to enroll does not 
preclude additional SEPs.)
    (c) Special rule: Individual age 65 or over. For an individual who 
is or was covered under a GHP, coverage must be by reason of the current 
employment status of the individual or the individual's spouse.
    (d) Special rules: Disabled individual.\4\ Individuals entitled on 
the basis of disability (but not on the basis of end-stage renal 
disease) must meet conditions that vary depending on whether they were 
covered under a GHP or an LGHP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ Under the current statute, the SEP provision applicable to 
disabled individuals covered under an LGHP expires on September 1998. 
Unless Congress changes that date, the last SEP available under those 
provisions will begin with June 1998.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (1) For a disabled individual who is or was covered under a GHP, 
coverage must be on the basis of the current employment status of the 
individual or the individual's spouse.
    (2) For a disabled individual who is or was covered under an LGHP, 
coverage must be as follows:
    (i) Before August 10, 1993, as an ``active individual'', that is, as 
an employee, employer, self-employed individual (such as the employer), 
individual associated with the employer in a business relationship, or 
as a member of the family of any of those persons.
    (ii) On or after August 10, 1993, by reason of current employment 
status of the individual or a member of the individual's family.
    (e) Effective date of coverage. The rule set forth in Sec. 
406.24(d) for Medicare Part A applies equally to Medicare Part B.

[61 FR 40346, Aug. 2, 1996]



Sec. 407.22  Request for individual enrollment.

    (a) A request for enrollment is required of an individual who meets 
the eligibility requirements of Sec. 407.10 and desires SMI, if the 
individual--
    (1) Is not entitled to hospital insurance;
    (2) Has previously declined enrollment in SMI;
    (3) Has had a previous period of SMI entitlement which terminated;
    (4) Resides in Puerto Rico or outside the United States; or
    (5) Is enrolling or reenrolling during a special enrollment period 
under Sec. 407.20.
    (b) A request for enrollment under paragraph (a) of this section 
must:
    (1) Be signed by the individual or someone acting in his or her 
behalf; and
    (2) Be filed with SSA or CMS during the initial enrollment period, a 
general enrollment period, or a special enrollment period as provided in 
Sec. 407.20.



Sec. 407.25  Beginning of entitlement: Individual enrollment.

    The following apply whether an individual is self-enrolled or 
automatically enrolled in SMI:
    (a) Enrollment during initial enrollment period. (1) If an 
individual enrolls during the first three months of the initial 
enrollment period, entitlement begins with the first month of 
eligibility.
    (2) If an individual enrolls during the fourth month of the initial 
enrollment period, entitlement begins with the following month.
    (3) If an individual enrolls during the fifth month of the initial 
enrollment period, entitlement begins with the second month after the 
month of enrollment.
    (4) If an individual enrolls in either of the last two months of the 
initial enrollment period, entitlement begins with the third month after 
the month of enrollment.
    (5) Example. An individual first meets the eligibility requirements 
for

[[Page 269]]

enrollment in April. The initial enrollment period is January through 
July. The month in which the individual enrolls determines the month 
that begins the period of entitlement, as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Enrolls in initial enrollment period        Entitlement begins on--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
January...............................  April 1 (month eligibility
                                         requirements first met).
February..............................  April 1.
March.................................  April 1.
April.................................  May 1 (month following month of
                                         enrollment).
May...................................  July 1 (second month after month
                                         of enrollment).
June..................................  September 1 (third month after
                                         month of enrollment).
July..................................  October 1 (third month after
                                         month of enrollment).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Enrollment on reenrollment during general enrollment period. (1) 
if an individual enrolls or reenrolls during a general enrollment period 
before April 1, 1981 or after September 30, 1981, entitlement begins on 
July 1 of that calendar year.
    (2) If an individual enrolled or reenrolled during the general 
enrollment period between April 1, 1981 and September 20, 1981, 
entitlement began with the third month after the month in which the 
enrollment request was filed.
    (c) Enrollment or reenrollment during a SEP. The rules set forth in 
Sec. 406.24(d) of this chapter apply.

[53 FR 47204, Nov. 22, 1988, as amended at 61 FR 40347, Aug. 2, 1996]



Sec. 407.27  Termination of entitlement: Individual enrollment.

    An individual's entitlement will terminate for any of the following 
reasons:
    (a) Death. Entitlement to SMI ends on the last day of the month in 
which the individual dies.
    (b) Termination of hospital insurance benefits. If an individual's 
entitlement to hospital insurance ends before the month in which he or 
she attains age 65, entitlement to SMI will end on the same day unless 
it has been previously terminated in accordance with paragraph (c) or 
(d) of this section.
    (c) Request by individual. An individual may at any time give CMS or 
SSA written notice that he or she no longer wishes to participate in 
SMI, and request disenrollment.
    (1) Before July 1987, entitlement ended at the end of the calendar 
quarter after the quarter in which the individual filed the 
disenrollment request.
    (2) For disenrollment requests filed in or after July 1987, 
entitlement ends at the end of the month after the month in which the 
individual files the disenrollment request.
    (d) Nonpayment of premiums. If an individual fails to pay the 
premiums, entitlement will end as provided in the rules for SMI 
premiums, set forth in part 408 of this chapter.



Sec. 407.30  Limitations on enrollment.

    (a) Initial enrollment periods--(1) Individual under age 65. An 
individual who has not attained age 65 may have one or more periods of 
entitlement to hospital insurance, based on disability. Since each 
period of disability entitlement entitles the individual to hospital 
insurance and since entitlement to hospital insurance makes the 
individual eligible for SMI enrollment, an individual may have an SMI 
initial enrollment period for each continous period of entitlement to 
hospital insurance.
    (2) Individuals who have attained age 65. An individual who has 
attained age 65 may not have more than one initial enrollment period on 
the basis of age. However, if the individual develops ESRD after age 65, 
he or she may have another initial enrollment period based on meeting 
the requirements of Sec. 406.13 of this chapter.
    (b) Number of enrollments. There is no limitation on the number of 
enrollments.
    (c) Coverage under buy-in agreements. For purposes of paragraph (a) 
of this section, the continued enrollment of an individual following the 
end of coverage under a State buy-in agreement in considered an initial 
enrollment.



Sec. 407.32  Prejudice to enrollment rights because of Federal Government 
misrepresentation, inaction, or error.

    If an individual's enrollment or nonenrollment in SMI is 
unintentional, inadvertent, or erroneous because of the error, 
misrepresentation, on inaction of a Federal employee or any person 
authorized by the Federal Government to act in its behalf, the Social 
Security

[[Page 270]]

Administration or CMS may take whatever action it determines is 
necessary to provide appropriate relief. The action may include:
    (a) Designation of a special initial or general enrollment period;
    (b) Designation of an entitlement period based on that enrollment 
period;
    (c) Adjustment of premiums;
    (d) Any combination of actions under paragraphs (a) through (c) of 
this section; or
    (e) Any other remedial action that may be necessary to correct or 
eliminate the effects of the error, misrepresentation, or inaction.



                    Subpart C_State Buy-In Agreements



Sec. 407.40  Enrollment under a State buy-in agreement.

    (a) Statutory basis. (1) Section 1843 of the Act, as amended through 
1969, permitted a State to enter into an agreement with the Secretary to 
enroll in the SMI program certain individuals who are eligible for SMI 
and who are members of the buy-in group specified in the agreement. A 
buy-in group could include certain individuals receiving Federally-aided 
State cash assistance (with the option of excluding individuals also 
entitled to social security benefits or railroad retirement benefits) or 
could include all individuals eligible for Medicaid. Before 1981, 
December 31, 1969 was the last day on which a State could request a buy-
in agreement or a modification to include a coverage group broader than 
the one originally selected.
    (2) Section 945(e) of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980 (Pub. 
L. 96-499) further amended section 1843 to provide that, during calendar 
year 1981, a State could request a buy-in agreement if it did not 
already have one, or request a broader coverage group for an existing 
agreement.
    (3) Several laws enacted during 1980-1987 had the effect of 
requiring that the buy-in groups available under section 1843 of the Act 
be expanded to include certain individuals who lose eligibility for cash 
assistance payments but are treated as if they were cash assistance 
recipients for Medicaid eligibility purposes.
    (4) Section 301(e)(1) of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 
1988 (Pub. L. 100-360) amends section 1843 of the Act to restore the 
1981 provisions on a permanent basis, effective ``after 1988.''
    (5) The same section 301, as amended by section 608(d)(14)(H) of the 
Family Support Act of 1988 (Pub. L. 100-485), further amended section 
1843 of the Act, beginning January 1, 1989, to establish a new buy-in 
category consisting of Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries and to provide 
that a State may request a buy-in agreement if it does not already have 
one, or request a broader buy-in group for the existing agreement.
    (b) Definitions. As used in this section, unless the context 
indicates otherwise--
    Cash assistance means any of the following kinds of monthly cash 
benefits, authorized by specified titles of the Act and, for 
convenience, represented by initials, as follows:
    AABD stands for aid to the aged, blind or disabled under the first 
title XVI of the Act in effect until December 31, 1973.
    AB stands for aid to the blind under title X of the Act.
    AFDC stands for aid to families with dependent children under Part A 
of title IV of the Act.
    APTD stands for aid to the permanently and totally disabled under 
title XIV of the Act.
    OAA stands for old-age assistance under title I of the Act.
    SSI stands for supplemental security income for the aged, blind, and 
disabled under the second title XVI of the Act, effective January 1, 
1974.
    SSP stands for State supplementary payments, whether mandatory or 
optional, to an aged, blind, or disabled individual under the second 
title XVI or the Act.
    Qualified Medicare Beneficiary or QMB means an individual who meets 
the definition in Sec. 400.200 of this chapter and, therefore, is 
eligible to have the State Medicaid agency pay Medicare cost sharing 
amounts on his or her behalf.
    Railroad retirement beneficiary means an individual entitled to 
receive an annuity under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974.

[[Page 271]]

    State means one of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, 
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana 
Islands, except when reference is made to ``the 50 States''.
    State buy-in agreement or buy-in agreement means an agreement 
authorized by section 1843 of the Act, under which a State secures SMI 
or premium HI coverage for individuals who are members of the buy-in 
group specified in the agreement, by enrolling them and paying the 
premiums on their behalf.
    (c) Basic rules. (1) A State that has a buy-in agreement in effect 
must enroll any individual who is eligible to enroll in SMI under Sec. 
407.10.
    (2) Any State that does not have a buy-in agreement in effect may 
request buy-in for any one of the groups specified in Sec. Sec. 407.42 
and 407.43.
    (3) Any State that does have an agreement may request a modification 
to cover a broader buy-in group or cancel its current agreement and 
request a new agreement to cover a narrower group.

[56 FR 38080, Aug. 12, 1991; 56 FR 50058, Oct. 3, 1991]



Sec. 407.42  Buy-in groups available to the 50 States, the District of 
Columbia, and the Northern Mariana Islands.

    (a) Categories included in the buy-in groups. The buy-in groups that 
are available to the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the 
Northern Mariana Islands are specified in paragraph (b) of this section 
in terms of the following categories:
    (1) Category A: Individuals who--
    (i) Receive SSI or SSP or both; and
    (ii) Are covered under the State's Medicaid plan as categorically 
needy.
    (2) Category B: Individuals who--
    (i) Under the Act or any other provision of Federal law are treated, 
for Medicaid eligibility purposes, as though they were receiving SSI or 
SSP; and
    (ii) Are covered under the State's Medicaid plan as categorically 
needy.
    (3) Category C: Individuals who are receiving AFDC.
    (4) Category D: Individuals who, under the Act or any other 
provision of Federal law, are treated, for Medicaid eligibility 
purposes, as though they were receiving AFDC.
    (5) Category E: Individuals who, in accordance with Sec. 435.114 or 
Sec. 435.134 of this chapter, are covered under the State's Medicaid 
plan despite the increase in social security benefits provided by Public 
Law 92-336.
    (6) Category F: Individuals who are Qualified Medicare 
Beneficiaries. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Rules for buy-in for premium hospital insurance for QMBs are set 
forth in Sec. 406.26 of this chapter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (7) Category G: All other individuals who are eligible for Medicaid.
    (b) Buy-in groups available. Any of the 50 States, the District of 
Columbia, and the Northern Mariana Islands may buy-in for one of the 
following groups:
    (1) Group 1: Categories A through G.
    (2) Group 2: Categories A through F.
    (3) Group 3: Categories A through E.
    (4) Group 4: Categories A, B, and F, individuals in categories C and 
D who are not social security or railroad retirement beneficiaries, and 
individuals in category E who are included in that category (in 
accordance with Sec. 435.134 of this chapter) because they received 
OAA, AB, APTD, or AABD in August 1972 or would have been eligible to 
receive such cash assistance for that month if they had applied or had 
not been institutionalized.
    (5) Group 5: Categories A and B, individuals in categories C and D 
who are not social security or railroad retirement beneficiaries, and 
individuals in category E who are included in that category (in 
accordance with Sec. 435.134 of this chapter) because they received 
OAA, AB, APTD, or AABD in August 1972 or would have been eligible to 
receive such cash assistance for that month if they had applied or had 
not been institutionalized.
    (6) Group 6: Categories A, B, and F, and individuals in category E 
who are included in that category (in accordance with Sec. 435.134 of 
this chapter) because they received AABD in August 1972 or would have 
been eligible to receive AABD for that month if they had applied or had 
not been institutionalized. This option is available only to those 
States that had an AABD program as of December 31, 1973.

[[Page 272]]

    (7) Group 7: Categories A and B, and individuals in category E who 
are included in that category (in accordance with Sec. 435.134 of this 
chapter) because they received AABD in August 1972 or would have been 
eligible to receive AABD for that month if they had applied or had not 
been institutionalized. This option is available only to those States 
that had an AABD program as of December 31, 1973.

[56 FR 38081, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 407.43  Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin 
Islands, and American Samoa.

    (a) Categories included in buy-in groups. The buy-in groups that are 
available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, 
which are not covered by the SSI program, are described in paragraph (b) 
of this section in terms of the following categories:
    (1) Category A: Individuals receiving OAA, AB, APTD, or AFDC.
    (2) Category B: Individuals who, under the Act or any other 
provision of Federal law, are treated, for Medicaid eligibility 
purposes, as though they were receiving AFDC.
    (3) Category C: Individuals who, in accordance with Sec. 436.112 of 
this chapter, are covered under the State's Medicaid plan despite the 
increase in social security benefits provided by Public Law 92-336.
    (4) Category D: Individuals who are Qualified Medicare 
Beneficiaries. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Rules for buy-in for premium hospital insurance for QMBs are set 
forth in Sec. 406.26 of this chapter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (5) Category E: All other individuals who are eligible for Medicaid.
    (b) Buy-in groups available. Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, 
and American Samoa may choose any of the following coverage groups:
    (1) Group 1: Categories A through E.
    (2) Group 2: Categories A through D.
    (3) Group 3: Categories A through C.
    (4) Group 4: Individuals in category D, and individuals in 
categories A and B who are not social security or railroad retirement 
beneficiaries.
    (5) Group 5: Individuals in categories A and B who are not social 
security or railroad retirement beneficiaries.
    (6) Group 6: Individuals in category D, individuals in category A 
who are receiving OAA, and individuals in category C who are included in 
that category (in accordance with Sec. 436.112 of this chapter) because 
they received OAA for August 1972 or would have been eligible to receive 
OAA for that month if they had applied or had not been 
institutionalized.
    (7) Group 7: Individuals in category A who are receiving OAA, and 
individuals in category C who are included in that category (in 
accordance with Sec. 436.112 of this chapter) because they received OAA 
for August 1972 or would have been eligible to receive OAA for that 
month if they had applied or had not been institutionalized.
    (8) Group 8: Individuals in category D and individuals in category A 
who are receiving OAA and are not social security or railroad retirement 
beneficiaries.
    (9) Group 9: Individuals in category A who are receiving OAA and are 
not social security or railroad retirement beneficiaries.

[56 FR 38082, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 407.45  Termination of State buy-in agreements.

    (a) Termination by the State--(1) Termination after advance notice. 
A State may terminate its buy-in agreement after giving CMS 3 months, 
advance notice.
    (2) Termination without advance notice. A State may terminate its 
buy-in agreement without advance notice if--
    (i) The State gives CMS written certification to the effect that it 
is no longer legally able to comply with one or more of the provisions 
of the agreement; and
    (ii) Submits a supporting opinion from the appropriate State legal 
officer, if CMS requests such an opinion.
    (b) Termination by CMS. If CMS, after giving the State notice and 
opportunity for hearing, finds that the State has failed to comply 
substantially with one or more of the provisions of the agreement, other 
than the requirement for timely payment of premiums, CMS will give the 
State written notice to the effect that the agreement will terminate on 
the date indicated in the notice unless, before that date, CMS finds 
that there is no longer that failure to

[[Page 273]]

comply. (Rules for collection of overdue premiums, including assessment 
of interest and offset against FFP due the State, are those set forth in 
the Notice published on September 30, 1985 at 50 FR 39784.)



Sec. 407.47  Beginning of coverage under a State buy-in agreement.

    (a) General rule. The beginning of an individual's coverage period 
depends on two factors:
    (1) The individual's meeting the SMI eligibility requirements and 
the requirements for being a member of the buy-in group; and
    (2) The effective date of the buy-in agreement or agreement 
modification that covers the group to which the individual belongs, and 
which may not be earlier than the third month after the month in which 
the agreement or modification is executed.
    (b) Application of general rule: Medicaid eligibles who are, or are 
treated as, cash assistance recipients. For Medicaid eligibles who are, 
or are treated as, cash assistance recipients (that is, are members of 
categories A through E of Sec. 407.42(a) or categories A through C of 
Sec. 407.43(a)), coverage begins with the later of the following:
    (1) The first month in which the individual--
    (i) Meets the SMI eligibility requirements specified in Sec. 
407.10; and
    (ii) Is a member of one of those categories.
    (2) The month in which the buy-in agreement is effective.
    (c) Application of general rule: Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries. 
For individuals who are QMBs (that is, are members of category F of 
Sec. 407.42 or category D of Sec. 407.43(a)), coverage begins with the 
later of the following:
    (1) The first month in which the individual meets the SMI 
eligibility requirements specified in Sec. 407.10, and has QMB status.
    (2) The month in which the buy-in agreement or agreement 
modification covering QMBs is effective.
    (d) Application of general rule: Other individuals eligible for 
Medicaid. For individuals who are members of category G of Sec. 
407.42(a) or category E of Sec. 407.43(a), coverage begins with the 
later of the following:
    (1) The second month after the month in which the individual--
    (i) Meets the SMI eligibility requirements specified in Sec. 
407.10; and
    (ii) Is determined to be eligible for Medicaid.
    (2) The month in which the buy-in agreement or agreement 
modification is effective.
    (e) Coverage based on erroneous report. If the State erroneously 
reports to SSA that an individual is a member of its coverage group, the 
rules of paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section apply, and coverage 
begins as though the individual were in fact a member of the group. 
Coverage will end only as provided in Sec. 407.48.

[56 FR 38082, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 407.48  Termination of coverage under a State buy-in agreement.

    An individual's coverage under a buy-in agreement terminates with 
the earliest of the following events:
    (a) Death. Coverage ends on the last day of the month in which the 
individual dies.
    (b) Loss of entitlement to hospital insurance benefits before age 
65. If an individual loses entitlement to hospital insurance benefits 
before attaining age 65, coverage ends on the last day of the last month 
for which he or she is entitled to hospital insurance.
    (c) Loss of eligibility for the buy-in group. If an individual loses 
eligibility for inclusion in the buy-in group, buy-in coverage ends as 
follows:
    (1) On the last day of the last month for which he or she is 
eligible for inclusion in the group, if CMS determines ineligibility or 
receives a State ineligibility notice by the 25th day of the second 
month after the month in which the individual becomes ineligible for 
inclusion in the group.
    (2) On the last day of the second month before the month in which 
CMS receives a State ineligibility notice later than the time specified 
in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. A notice received by CMS after the 
25th day of the month is considered to have been received in the 
following month.
    (d) Termination or modification of buy-in agreement. If the State's 
buy-in agreement is terminated, or modified to substitute a narrower 
buy-in group,

[[Page 274]]

coverage ends on the last day of the last month for which the agreement 
was in effect, or covered the broader buy-in group.

[53 FR 47204, Nov. 22, 1988, as amended at 56 FR 38082, Aug. 12, 1991]



Sec. 407.50  Continuation of coverage: Individual enrollment following end of 
coverage under a State buy-in agreement.

    (a) Deemed enrollment. When coverage under a buy-in agreement ends 
because the agreement terminates, or is modified to substitute a 
narrower buy-in group, or because the individual is no longer eligible 
for inclusion in the buy-in group, the individual--
    (1) Is considered to have enrolled during his or her initial 
enrollment period; and
    (2) Will be entitled to SMI on this basis and liable for SMI 
premiums beginning with the first month for which he or she is no longer 
covered under the buy-in agreement.
    (b) Voluntary termination. (1) An individual may voluntarily 
terminate entitlement acquired under paragraph (a) of this section by 
filing, with SSA or CMS, a request for disenrollment.
    (2) Voluntary disenrollment is effective as follows:
    (i) If the individual files a request within 30 days after the date 
of CMS's notice that buy-in coverage has ended, the individual's 
entitlement ends on the last day of the last month for which the State 
paid the premium.
    (ii) If the individual files the request more than 30 days but not 
more than 6 months after buy-in coverage ends, entitlement ends on the 
last day of the month in which the request is filed.
    (iii) If the individual files the request later than the 6th month 
after buy-in coverage ends, entitlement ends at the end of the month 
after the month in which request is filed. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ For requests filed before July 1987, entitlement ended on the 
last day of the calendar quarter after the quarter in which the 
disenrollment request was filed.

[53 FR 47204, Nov. 22, 1988, as amended at 56 FR 38082, Aug. 12, 1991]



PART 408_PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE--Table of Contents




                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
408.1 Statutory basis.
408.2 Scope and purpose.
408.3 Definitions.
408.4 Payment obligations.
408.6 Methods and priorities for payment.
408.8 Grace period and termination date.
408.10 Claim for monthly benefits pending concurrently with request for 
          SMI enrollment.

                   Subpart B_Amount of Monthly Premium

408.20 Monthly premiums.
408.21 Reduction in Medicare Part B premium as an additional benefit 
          under Medicare+Choice plans.
408.22 Increased premiums for late enrollment and for reenrollment.
408.24 Individuals who enrolled or reenrolled before April 1, 1981 or 
          after September 30, 1981.
408.25 Individuals who enrolled or reenrolled between April 1 and 
          September 30, 1981.
408.26 Examples.
408.27 Rounding the monthly premium.

                Subpart C_Deduction From Monthly Benefits

408.40 Deduction from monthly benefits: Basic rules.
408.42 Deduction from railroad retirement benefits.
408.43 Deduction from social security benefits.
408.44 Deduction from civil service annuities.
408.45 Deduction from age 72 special payments.
408.46 Effect of suspension of social security benefits.
408.47 [Reserved]
408.50 When premiums are considered paid.
408.52 Change from direct remittance to deduction.
408.53 Change from partial direct remittance to full deduction.

             Subpart D_Direct Remittance: Individual Payment

408.60 Direct remittance: Basic rules.
408.62 Initial and subsequent billings.
408.63 Billing procedures when monthly benefits are less than monthly 
          premiums.
408.65 Payment options.
408.68 When premiums are considered paid.
408.70 Change from quarterly to monthly payments.
408.71 Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance.

[[Page 275]]

               Subpart E_Direct Remittance: Group Payment

408.80 Basic rules.
408.82 Conditions for group billing.
408.84 Billing and payment procedures.
408.86 Responsibilities under group billing arrangement.
408.88 Refund of group payments.
408.90 Termination of group billing arrangement.
408.92 Change from group payment to deduction or individual payment.

           Subpart F_Termination and Reinstatement of Coverage

408.100 Termination of coverage for nonpayment of premiums.
408.102 Reconsideration of termination.
408.104 Reinstatement procedures.

Subpart G_Collection of Unpaid Premiums; Refund of Excess Premiums After 
                        the Death of the Enrollee

408.110 Collection of unpaid premiums.
408.112 Refund of excess premiums after the enrollee dies.

 Subpart H_Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium Surcharge Agreements

408.200 Statutory basis.
408.201 Definitions.
408.202 Conditions for participation.
408.205 Application procedures.
408.207 Billing and payment procedures.
408.210 Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement.

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh).

    Source: 52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987, unless otherwise noted.



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec. 408.1  Statutory basis.

    (a) This part implements certain provisions of sections 1837 through 
1840 and 1881(d) of the Social Security Act (the Act) and conforms to 
other regulations that implement section 1843 of the Act. Section 
1838(b) requires regulations to establish when an individual's coverage 
ends because of nonpayment of premiums. It also specifies that those 
regulations may provide a grace period for payment of overdue premiums 
without loss of coverage. Section 1839 sets forth the specific 
procedures for determining the amount of the monthly premium and section 
1840 establishes the rules for payment of premiums. Section 1843 
provides that a State may enter into a buy-in agreement to secure SMI 
coverage for certain individuals by enrolling them in the SMI program 
and paying the premiums on their behalf. Section 1881(d) provides that 
Medicare payment, for the reasonable charges incurred in connection with 
a kidney donation, shall be made (without regard to deductible, premium, 
or coinsurance provisions of title XVIII) as prescribed in regulations.
    (b) The Federal Claims Collection Act (31 U.S.C. 3711), as 
implemented by 4 CFR parts 101-105, provides the basic authority for 
recovery of debts owed the United States government and specifies the 
conditions for the suspension or termination of collection action. 
Departmental regulations at 45 CFR part 30, updated by a final rule 
published on January 5, 1987 (52 FR 260) set forth procedures for the 
exercise of the Department's authority to collect and dispose of debts 
and were intended to complement rules applicable to particular programs. 
CMS rules are set forth at 42 CFR part 401, subpart F.

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987; 53 FR 4158, Feb. 12, 1988, as amended at 56 
FR 48112, Sept. 24, 1991]



Sec. 408.2  Scope and purpose.

    (a) This part sets forth the policies and procedures for determining 
the amount of monthly supplementary medical insurance (SMI) premiums, 
for the payment, collection, or refund of premiums, for termination of 
coverage because of nonpayment of premiums, and for reinstatement of 
coverage if certain conditions are met. It conforms to subpart C of part 
407 of this chapter, which sets forth the requirements for State buy-in 
agreements. These policies are intended to protect enrollee coverage to 
the maximum degree compatible with maintaining the integrity of the SMI 
program.
    (b) Policies that apply to premiums that certain individuals must 
pay in order to become entitled to Medicare Part A hospital insurance 
benefits, are set forth in part 406 of this chapter.

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987; 53 FR 4159, Feb. 12, 1988]

[[Page 276]]



Sec. 408.3  Definitions.

    As used in this part, unless the context indicates otherwise--
    Enrollee means an individual who is enrolled in the SMI program 
under Medicare Part B.
    Taxable year means the 12-month period (calendar or fiscal year) for 
which the individual files his or her income tax return.



Sec. 408.4  Payment obligations.

    (a) Month for which payment is due. (1) A payment is due for each 
month, beginning with the first month of SMI coverage and continuing 
through the month of death or, if earlier, the month in which coverage 
terminates.
    (2) A premium is due for the month of death, if SMI coverage is 
still in effect, even though the individual dies on the first day of the 
month.
    (b) Overdue premiums. (1) Overdue premiums constitute an obligation 
enforceable against the enrollee or the enrollee's estate.
    (2) Overdue premiums are collected--
    (i) By deduction from social security or railroad retirement 
benefits or Federal civil service annuities;
    (ii) Directly from the enrollee or the enrollee's estate; or
    (iii) By offset against any SMI payments payable to the enrollee or 
the enrollee's estate.
    (3) Interest is not charged on overdue premiums, except under a 
State buy-in agreement, as provided in Sec. 408.6(c)(4).
    (c) Premiums not required for certain kidney donors. (1) No premiums 
are required for SMI benefits related to the donation of a kidney if the 
donor is not an enrollee.
    (2) A kidney donor who is an enrollee is not relieved of the 
obligation for premiums.

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987; 53 FR 4159, Feb. 12, 1988]



Sec. 408.6  Methods and priorities for payment.

    (a) Methods of payment--(1) General rules. Premiums are paid by one 
of the following four methods:
    (i) Payment by a State under a buy-in agreement.
    (ii) Deduction from monthly railroad retirement of social security 
cash benefits or Federal civil service annuities.
    (iii) Direct remittance on an individual basis, by or on behalf of 
the enrollee.
    (iv) Direct remittance on a group basis, by an employer, union, 
lodge or other organization, or by an entity of State or local 
government.
    (2) Special situations. (i) If the monthly social security benefit 
or age 72 special benefit is less than the monthly premium, the benefit 
is withheld and the enrollee is required to pay the balance through 
direct remittance. (This situation may arise if the individual first 
becomes eligible for social security benefits after December 31, 1981, 
and is, therefore, not eligible for the fixed minimum, or receives age 
72 special benefits that are reduced because the individual receives a 
government pension.)
    (ii) If the monthly railroad retirement benefit or civil service 
annuity payment is less than the premium, the monthly payment is not 
withheld and the enrollee is required to pay the total premium by direct 
remittance.
    (b) Priorities for payment. (1) If an enrollee is enrolled under a 
State buy-in agreement--
    (i) SMI premiums may not be deducted from monthly cash benefits or 
annuities; and
    (ii) The enrollee may not be required to pay by direct remittance.
    (2) If an enrollee is not covered under a State buy-in agreement, 
but is receiving a monthly benefit or an annuity specified in paragraph 
(a)(1)(ii) of this section--
    (i) The premiums are deducted from that benefit or annuity; or
    (ii) If the monthly benefit or payment is less than the monthly 
premium, the rules of paragraph (a)(2) of this section apply.
    (3) If an enrollee is neither covered under a State buy-in 
agreement, nor receiving monthly benefits or annuity payments, the 
premiums must be paid totally by direct remittance.
    (c) Payment by a State under a buy-in agreement. (1) A buy-in 
agreement is an agreement under which a State, through enrollment and 
payment of SMI premiums, secures SMI benefits

[[Page 277]]

for individuals who are eligible for that program and also eligible for 
certain other cash or medical benefits. (Policies on enrollment under 
State buy-in agreements are contained in subpart C of part 407 of this 
chapter.)
    (2) The State pays the premiums for each month for which an 
individual is covered under the agreement.
    (3) If an individual's coverage under a State buy-in agreement 
terminates, his coverage continues on an individual enrollment basis. 
The premiums are then deducted from benefits, as set forth in subpart C 
of this part, or paid by direct remittance in accordance with subpart D 
or subpart E of this part.
    (4) Policy on collection of premiums from buy-in States is set forth 
in a Federal Register notice published on September 30, 1985 at 50 FR 
39784.



Sec. 408.8  Grace period and termination date.

    (a) Grace period. (1) For all initial premium payments (monthly or 
quarterly), and subsequent monthly or quarterly payments, the grace 
period ends with the last day of the third month after the billing 
month.
    (2) For payments required because the monthly benefit is less than 
the monthly premium, the grace period ends on April 30 of the year 
following the calendar year which the premiums are due.
    (b) Extension of grace period: Last day is nonwork day. If the last 
day of the grace period is a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or a day 
that, by statute or executive order, is a nonwork day for Federal 
employees, the grace period is extended to the next succeeding work day.
    (c) Termination date. The end of the grace period is the termination 
date for SMI coverage if overdue premiums have not been paid by that 
date in accordance with Sec. 408.68.
    (d) Extension of grace period for good cause. (1) CMS may reinstate 
entitlement, without interruption of coverage, if the individual shows 
good cause for failure to pay within the initial grace period, and pays 
all overdue premiums within three calendar months after the termination 
date.
    (2) Good cause will be found if the individual establishes, by a 
credible statement, that failure to pay premiums within the initial 
grace period was due to conditions over which he or she had no control, 
or which he or she could not reasonably have been expected to foresee.

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987, as amended at 56 FR 48112, Sept. 24, 1991]



Sec. 408.10  Claim for monthly benefits pending concurrently with request for 
SMI enrollment.

    (a) If it is clear that an individual who applies for social 
security or railroad retirement benefits and for SMI will be entitled to 
monthly benefits, the application for monthly benefits is processed 
simultaneously with the request for SMI enrollment.
    (1) If monthly benefits are paid, the SMI premiums are deducted from 
those benefits.
    (2) If monthly benefits are suspended (for instance, because the 
individual's earnings exceed the maximum allowed by law), the enrollee 
is billed for direct remittance.
    (b) If it is clear that an individual will be entitled to SMI, but 
there is substantial question as to eligibility for monthly benefits, 
the request for SMI enrollment is processed separately.
    (1) When SMI enrollment is approved, the enrollee is billed for 
direct remittance.
    (2) When the application for monthly benefits is adjudicated, the 
following rules apply:
    (i) If monthly benefits are paid, the SMI premiums are deducted from 
those benefits, with appropriate adjustments for any premiums already 
paid by direct remittance.
    (ii) If the application for monthly benefits is approved but the 
benefits are suspended, the grace period is as set forth in Sec. 
408.8(a).
    (iii) If the application for monthly benefits is denied, the grace 
period is as set forth in Sec. 408.8(a)(1).

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987, as amended at 56 FR 48112, Sept. 24, 1991]

[[Page 278]]



                  Subpart B_Amount of Monthly Premiums



Sec. 408.20  Monthly premiums.

    (a) Statutory provisions. (1) The law established a monthly premium 
of $3 for the initial period of the program. It also set forth criteria 
and procedures for the Secretary to follow each December, beginning with 
December 1968, to determine and promulgate the standard monthly premium 
for the 12-month period beginning with July of the following year.
    (2) The law was amended in 1983 to require that the Secretary 
promulgate the standard monthly premium in September of that year, and 
each year thereafter, to be effective for the 12 months beginning with 
the following January.
    (3) The standard monthly premium applies to individuals who enroll 
during their initial enrollment periods. In other situations, that 
premium may be increased or decreased as specified in this subpart.
    (4) The law was further amended in 1984 to include a temporary 
``hold harmless'' provision (set forth in paragraph (e) of this 
section), that was subsequently extended and finally made permanent in 
1988.
    (5) The law was further amended in 2003 to ensure that amounts 
payable from the Transitional Assistance Account described in Sec. 
403.822 of this chapter shall not be taken into account in computing 
actuarrial rates or premium amounts.
    (b) Criteria and procedures for the period from July 1976 through 
December 1983, the period from January 1991 through December 1995, and 
for periods after December 1998. (1) For periods from July 1976 through 
December 1983 and after December 1998, the Secretary determines and 
promulgates as the standard monthly premium (for disabled as well as 
aged enrollees) the lower of the following:
    (i) The actuarial rate for the aged.
    (ii) The monthly premium promulgated the previous December for the 
year beginning July 1, increased by a percentage that is the same as the 
latest cost-of-living increase in old age insurance benefits that 
occurred before the current promulgation. (Because of the change in the 
effective dates of the premium amount (under paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section), there was no increase in the standard monthly premium for the 
period July 1983 through December 1983.)
    (2) For periods after December 1998, the Secretary determines the 
standard monthly premium in the manner specified in paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section, but promulgates it in September for the following calendar 
year.
    (3) The premiums for calendar years 1991 through 1995 are those 
amounts as specified by section 1839(e)(1)(B) of the Act as follows:
    (i) In 1991, $29.90;
    (ii) In 1992, $31.80;
    (iii) In 1993, $36.60;
    (iv) In 1994, $41.10; and
    (v) In 1995, $46.10.
    (4) In no case shall payment made for transitional assistance costs 
under part 403, subpart H of this chapter be included in the formula 
used to calculate actuarial rates or standard monthly premiums.
    (c) Premiums for calendar years 1984 through 1990 and 1996 through 
1998. For calendar years 1984 through 1990 and 1996 through 1998, the 
standard monthly premium for all enrollees--
    (1) Is equal to 50 percent of the actuarial rate for enrollees age 
65 or over, that is, is calculated on the basis of 25 percent of program 
costs without regard to any cost-of-living increase in old age insurance 
benefits; and
    (2) Is promulgated in the preceding September.
    (d) Limitation on increase of standard premium: 1987 and 1988. If 
there is no cost-of-living increase in old age or disability benefits 
for December 1985 or December 1986, the standard monthly premiums for 
1987 and 1988 (promulgated in September 1986 and September 1987, 
respectively) may not be increased.
    (e) Nonstandard premiums for certain cases--(1) Basic rule. A 
nonstandard premium may be established in individual cases only if the 
individual is entitled to old age or disability benefits for the months 
of November and December, and actually receives the corresponding 
benefit checks in December and January.

[[Page 279]]

    (2) Special rules: Calendar years 1987 and 1988. For calendar years 
1987 and 1988, the following rules apply:
    (i) A nonstandard premium may be established if there is a cost-of-
living increase in old age or disability benefits but, because the 
increase in the standard premium is greater than the cost-of-living 
increase, the beneficiary would receive a lower cash benefit in January 
than he or she received in December.
    (ii) A nonstandard premium may not be established if the reduction 
in the individual's benefit would result, in whole or in part, from any 
circumstance other than the circumstance described in paragraph 
(e)(2)(i) of this section.
    (3) Special rule: Calendar years after 1988. (i) Beginning with 
calendar year 1989, a premium increase greater than the cost-of-living 
increase is still a prerequisite for a nonstandard premium.
    (ii) However, a nonstandard premium is not precluded solely because 
the cash benefit is further reduced as a result of government pension 
offset or workers' compensation payment.
    (4) Amount of nonstandard premium. The nonstandard premium is the 
greater of the following:
    (i) The premium paid for December.
    (ii) The standard premium promulgated for January, reduced as 
necessary to compensate for--
    (A) The fact that the cost-of-living increase was less than the 
increase in the standard premium; or
    (B) The further reduction in benefit because of government pension 
offset or workers' compensation payments.
    (5) Effective dates of nonstandard premium. A nonstandard premium 
established under this paragraph (e) continues in effect for the rest of 
the calendar year even if later there are retroactive adjustments in 
benefit payments. (The nonstandard premium could be affected by a 
determination that the individual had not established, or had lost, 
entitlement to monthly benefits for November or December, or both.)
    (6) Effect of late enrollment or reenrollment. A nonstandard premium 
is subject to increase for late enrollment or reenrollment as required 
under other sections of this subpart. The increase is computed on the 
basis of the standard premium and added to the nonstandard premium.

[56 FR 8839, Mar. 1, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 26959, May 25, 1994; 68 
FR 69927, Dec. 15, 2003]



Sec. 408.21  Reduction in Medicare Part B premium as an additional benefit 
under Medicare+Choice plans.

    (a) Basis for reduction in Part B premium. Beginning January 1, 2003 
an M+C organization may elect to receive a reduction in its payments 
under Sec. 422.250(a)(1) of this chapter if--
    (1) 80 percent of the payment reduction is applied to reduce the 
standard Medicare Part B premiums of its Medicare enrollees.
    (2) The Medicare Part B premium is reduced monthly and is offered to 
all Medicare enrollees in a specific plan benefit package.
    (b) Administrative requirements for the Part B premium reduction. 
(1) The Medicare Part B premium reduction cannot be greater than the 
standard premium amount determined for the year, under section 
1839(a)(3) of the Act. However, it may be less.
    (2) The Medicare Part B premium reduction must be a multiple of 10 
cents.
    (3) The Medicare Part B premium reduction is applied regardless of 
who pays or collects the Part B premium on behalf of the beneficiary.
    (4) The Medicare Part B premium can never be less than zero and will 
never result in a payment to a beneficiary for a specific month.
    (c) Beneficiary eligibility. In order for a beneficiary to be 
eligible for the Medicare Part B premium reduction, the beneficiary must 
be enrolled in an M+C plan that offers the Medicare Part B premium 
reduction as an additional benefit.
    (d) Notifications. After determining the Medicare Part B premium 
reduction amount for each eligible beneficiary, CMS will--
    (1) Transmit this information to the Social Security Administration, 
Railroad Retirement Board, or the Office of Personnel Management, as 
appropriate, which will adjust the benefit check amounts as appropriate 
and notify the beneficiaries of their new benefit amount.

[[Page 280]]

    (2) Notify states and formal groups and direct billed beneficiaries 
of their reduced premium amounts in the regular monthly billing process.

[68 FR 66723, Nov. 28, 2003]



Sec. 408.22  Increased premiums for late enrollment and for reenrollment.

    For an individual who enrolls after expiration of his or her initial 
enrollment period or reenrolls after termination of a coverage period, 
the standard monthly premium determined under Sec. 408.20 is increased 
by ten percent for each full twelve months in the periods specified in 
Sec. Sec. 408.24 and 408.25.



Sec. 408.24  Individuals who enrolled or reenrolled before April 1, 1981 or after September 30, 1981.

    (a) Enrollment. For an individual who first enrolled before April 1, 
1981 or after September 30, 1981, the period includes the number of 
months elapsed between the close of the individual's initial enrollment 
period and the close of the enrollment period in which he or she first 
enrolled, and excludes the following:
    (1) The three months of January through March 1968, if the 
individual first enrolled before April 1968.
    (2) Any months before January 1973 during which the individual was 
precluded from enrolling or reenrolling by the 3-year limitation on 
enrollment or reenrollment that was in effect before October 30, 1972.
    (3) Any months in or before a period of coverage under a State buy-
in agreement.
    (4) For an individual under age 65, any month before his or her 
current continuous period of entitlement to hospital insurance.
    (5) For an individual age 65 or older, any month before the month he 
or she attained age 65.
    (6) For premiums due for months beginning with September 1984 and 
ending with May 1986, the following:
    (i) Any months after December 1982 during which the individual was--
    (A) Age 65 to 69;
    (B) Entitled to hospital insurance (Medicare Part A); and
    (C) Covered under a group health plan (GHP) by reason of current 
employment status.
    (ii) Any months of SMI coverage for which the individual enrolled 
during a special enrollment period as provided in Sec. 407.20 of this 
chapter.
    (7) For premiums due for months beginning with June 1986, the 
following:
    (i) Any months after December 1982 during which the individual was:
    (A) Age 65 or over; and
    (B) Covered under a GHP by reason of current employment status.
    (ii) Any months of SMI coverage for which the individual enrolled 
during a special enrollment period as provided in Sec. 407.20 of this 
chapter.
    (8) For premiums due for months beginning with January 1987, the 
following:
    (i) Any months after December 1986 and before October 1998 during 
which the individual was:
    (A) A disabled Medicare beneficiary under age 65;
    (B) Not eligible for Medicare on the basis of end stage renal 
disease, under Sec. 406.13 of this chapter; and
    (C) Covered under an LGHP as described in Sec. 407.20 of this 
chapter.
    (ii) Any months of SMI coverage for which the individual enrolled 
during a special enrollment period as provided in Sec. 407.20 of this 
chapter.
    (9) For premiums due for months beginning with July 1990, the 
following:
    (i) Any months after December 1986 during which the individual met 
the conditions of paragraphs (a)(8)(i)(A) and (a)(8)(i)(B) of this 
section, and was covered under a GHP by reason of the current employment 
status of the individual or the individual's spouse.
    (ii) Any months of SMI coverage for which the individual enrolled 
during a special enrollment period as provided in Sec. 407.20 of this 
chapter.
    (b) Reenrollment. For an individual who reenrolled before April 1, 
1981 or after September 30, 1981, the period:
    (1) Includes the following:
    (i) The number of months elapsed between the close of the 
individual's initial enrollment period and the close of the enrollment 
period in which he or she first enrolled; plus
    (ii) The number of months elapsed between the individual's initial 
period of coverage and the close of the enrollment period in which he or 
she reenrolled; plus

[[Page 281]]

    (iii) The number of months elapsed between each subsequent period of 
coverage and the close of the enrollment period in which he or she 
reenrolled.
    (2) Excludes the following:
    (i) The periods specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(9) of 
this section; and
    (ii) Any month before April 1981 during which the individual was 
precluded from reenrolling by the two-enrollment limitation in effect 
before that date.

[52 FR 48118, Dec. 18, 1987, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 61 
FR 40347, Aug. 2, 1996]



Sec. 408.25  Individuals who enrolled or reenrolled between April 1 and 
September 30, 1981.

    (a) Basic rules. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section, the rules set forth in Sec. 408.24 apply to an individual who 
enrolled or reenrolled between April 1 and September 30, 1981.
    (b) Exception. For an individual who enrolled or reenrolled between 
April 1 and September 30, 1981, the months to be counted ran through the 
month in which he or she reenrolled. (During those 6 months, continuous 
open enrollment was in effect and there was no 3-month ``general 
enrollment period''.)



Sec. 408.26  Examples.

    Example 1. Mr. J, who became age 65 and otherwise eligible for 
enrollment in November 1965, first enrolls in March 1968. The months to 
be included in determining the amount of the increase in Mr. J's 
premiums begin with June 1966 (the first month after the close of his 
initial enrollment period) and extend through December 1967 (the period 
January through March of 1968 is excluded in determining the total 
months) for a total of 19 months. Since there is only one full 12-month 
period in 19 months, Mr. J's premiums will be 10 percent greater than if 
he had enrolled in his initial enrollment period.
    Example 2. Mr. V, who enrolled in December 1965, voluntarily 
terminates his enrollment effective midnight December 31, 1967. He 
enrolls for a second time in January 1969. The months to be included in 
determining the amount of the increase in Mr. V's premiums are January 
1968 through March 1969, a total of 15 months. Since this totals one 
full 12-month period. Mr. V's monthly premium, will be increased by 10 
percent.
    Example 3. Ms. N becomes age 65 in July 1965 and first enrolls in 
December 1967. She pays premiums increased by 10 percent above the 
regular rate, beginning July 1968, the first month of her SMI coverage. 
Ms. N fails to pay the premiums for the calendar quarter ending June 30, 
1970, and her coverage is terminated on that date, the end of her grace 
period. Ms. N enrolls for a second time in January 1971. The months to 
be included in determining the amount of the increase in Ms. N's 
premiums are June 1966 through December 1967, a total of 19 months, and 
July 1970 through March 1971, a total of 9 months, for a grand total of 
28 months. Since this totals two full 12-month periods, Ms. N's monthly 
premium will be increased by 20 percent.
    Example 4. Mr. X attained age 65 in August 1966 and enrolled during 
his initial enrollment period. His coverage was terminated effective 
June 30, 1968, for nonpayment of premiums. He reenrolls in March 1973. 
For purposes of computing any applicable premium increase, he will not 
be charged any months between March 1971 (the end of the last general 
enrollment period during which he was eligible to reenroll under the law 
in effect before October 30, 1972) and January 1973. Therefore, he will 
be charged 36 months (July 1968-March 1971 plus January 1973-March 1973) 
and his premiums for his second period of coverage will be increased 30 
percent.
    Example 5. Ms. C, who attained age 65 in August 1973, had two 
periods of supplementary medical insurance coverage, both of which were 
terminated because of nonpayment of premiums: August 1973 through April 
1975 and July 1977 through August 1978. She reenrolls in July 1981. The 
months to be included in determining the amount of premium increase are 
May 1975 through March 1977 (23 months) and April 1981 through July 1981 
(4 months) for a total of 27 months. The 31 months from September 1978 
through March 1981 may not be counted because Ms. C was prevented from 
reenrolling by the two-enrollment limitation in effect before April 1, 
1981. For Ms. C, the standard monthly premium would be increased by 20 
percent.

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987; 53 FR 4159, Feb. 12, 1988]



Sec. 408.27  Rounding the monthly premium.

    Any monthly premium that is not a multiple of 10 cents is rounded to 
the nearest multiple of 10 cents, and any odd mulitple of 5 cents is 
rounded to the next higher multiple of 10 cents.

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987; 53 FR 4159, Feb. 12, 1988]

[[Page 282]]



                Subpart C_Deduction From Monthly Benefits



Sec. 408.40  Deduction from monthly benefits: Basic rules.

    (a) Deduction from monthly benefits. (1) Enrollees who are receiving 
monthly benefits do not have the option of paying by direct remittance 
to avoid deduction.
    (2) If the enrollee is entitled to more than one type of monthly 
benefit, the order of priority for deduction is as follows:
    (i) Railroad retirement benefits.
    (ii) Social security benefits.
    (iii) Civil service annuities.
    (b) Deduction from initial or reinstated benefits. When an enrollee 
receives a monthly benefit check after an initial award or after a 
period of suspension, that check is, if administratively feasible, 
reduced or increased to deduct unpaid premiums or refund premiums paid 
in advance by direct remittance.
    (c) Ongoing deductions. The premium for each month is deducted from 
the cash benefit for the preceding month, e.g., the premium for March is 
deducted from the benefit for February, which is paid at the beginning 
of March.



Sec. 408.42  Deduction from railroad retirement benefits.

    (a) Responsibility for deductions. If an enrollee is entitled to 
railroad retirement benefits, his or her SMI premiums are deducted from 
those benefits by the Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) even though he or 
she is also entitled to social security benefits or a civil service 
annuity, or both.
    (b) Action when benefits are suspended. If the railroad retirement 
benefits are suspended, the RRB sends premium notices requesting direct 
remittance, to be made in accordance with the rules set forth in Subpart 
D of this part.



Sec. 408.43  Deduction from social security benefits.

    SSA, acting as CMS's agent, deducts the premiums from the monthly 
social security benefits if the enrollee is not entitled to railroad 
retirement benefits. (If the benefit is less than the monthly premium, 
the benefit is withheld and the enrollee is required to pay the balance 
through direct remittance.)



Sec. 408.44  Deduction from civil service annuities.

    (a) Responsibility for deductions. If an enrollee is not entitled to 
railroad retirement benefits or social security benefits, and is 
receiving a civil service annuity, the premiums are deducted from that 
annuity by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) on the basis of a 
notice from SSA indicating that the annuitant is entitled to SMI.
    (b) Deduction of spouse's premiums. If the annuitant's spouse is 
also enrolled for SMI and is not entitled to a civil service annuity or 
to social security or railroad retirement benefits, and the annuitant 
gives written consent, OPM also deducts the spouse's premium from the 
annuitant's monthly check.
    (c) Withdrawal of annuitant's consent. (1) If an annuitant wishes to 
withdraw consent for deduction of the spouse's premium, he or she must 
send written notice of withdrawal to OPM.
    (2) The withdrawal notice is effective with the third month after 
the month in which it is received, or with the month specified in the 
notice, whichever is later.



Sec. 408.45  Deduction from age 72 special payments.

    (a) Deduction of premiums. SMI premiums are deducted from age 72 
special payments made under section 228 of the Act or the payments are 
withheld under procedures that correspond to the rules set forth in 
Sec. Sec. 408.40 and 408.43.
    (b) Collection of premiums while age 72 special payments are 
suspended. If the age 72 special payments are suspended, CMS or its 
agent notifies the enrollee to pay premiums by direct remittance, in 
accordance with the rules set forth in Sec. 408.60.
    (c) Grace period. The grace period ends with the last day of the 
third month after the billing month.
    (d) Resumption of age 72 special payments. (1) If age 72 special 
payments are resumed before the end of the grace period and all premium 
arrears can be deducted from those special payments, SMI coverage 
continues and the enrollee need not pay by direct remittance.

[[Page 283]]

    (2) Subsequent special payments are reduced by the amount of the 
premium for as long as the enrollee receives special payments.



Sec. 408.46  Effect of suspension of social security benefits.

    (a) Benefit payments to be resumed during the taxable year. (1) If 
social security benefit payments are scheduled to be resumed during the 
enrollee's current taxable year, the enrollee is not billed.
    (2) The enrollee may, if he or she wishes, pay the premiums during 
suspension of benefits.
    (b) Benefit payments not to be resumed during the enrollee's current 
taxable year. (1) If social security benefits are suspended for a period 
that will not permit collection of all premiums due from monthly 
benefits payable in the enrollee's current taxable year, CMS or its 
agents bill the enrollee and require direct remittance in accordance 
with subpart D of this part.
    (2) The first billing is for whatever premiums are necessary to 
place the enrollee in a quarterly cycle.
    (3) Thereafter, the billing is on a quarterly basis. (Quarters for 
different enrollees are staggered throughout the year.)
    (4) The enrollee has the option of paying premiums for more than one 
quarter at the same time.



Sec. 408.47  [Reserved]



Sec. 408.50  When premiums are considered paid.

    (a) Actual deduction. A premium is considered paid if it is actually 
deducted from a monthly benefit check. Therefore--
    (1) The premium is ``paid'' even if SSA later finds that the benefit 
was paid in error; but
    (2) A finding that a monthly benefit was erroneously withheld does 
not constitute payment of the premium for that month. Since there was no 
payment, there was no deduction. The enrollee is billed and continuance 
of coverage depends on payment of premiums before the end of the grace 
period or extended grace period.
    (b) Payment within the grace period. Overdue premiums are considered 
paid within the grace period in the following situations:
    (1) Benefits are resumed during the grace period. (i) Monthly cash 
benefit payments are payable for the last month of the initial grace 
period or for earlier months on the basis of a notice filed by the 
enrollee before the initial grace period ends; and
    (ii) Those payments are sufficient to permit deduction of all 
overdue premiums.
    (2) Annual earnings report or other report submitted during the 
grace period shows a benefit is due. (i) Before the end of the grace 
period, the enrollee submits a report clearly showing that monthly cash 
benefits, previously withheld, are payable; and
    (ii) Those benefits are sufficient to permit deduction of the full 
amount of the overdue premiums.
    (3) Premium arrears are paid by direct remittance. The enrollee 
makes a direct remittance payment of all overdue premiums before the end 
of the grace period.

[52 FR 48115, Dec. 18, 1987; 53 FR 4159, Feb. 12, 1988; 56 FR 48112, 
Sept. 24, 1991]



Sec. 408.52  Change from direct remittance to deduction.

    If a direct remittance enrollee becomes entitled to monthly 
benefits--
    (a) The SMI premiums are deducted from those benefits; and
    (b) The enrollee is notified of the deduction and of any adjustment 
of the initial benefit check that is required to collect overdue 
premiums or refund premiums paid in advance.



Sec. 408.53  Change from partial direct remittance to full deduction.

    If a benefit that was less than the premium (and therefore required 
direct remittance of the difference) is increased to an amount equal to, 
or greater than, the premium--
    (a) The full premium is paid from the benefit; and
    (b) Any amounts the enrollee had paid toward premiums not yet due 
are refunded.

[[Page 284]]



             Subpart D_Direct Remittance: Individual Payment



Sec. 408.60  Direct remittance: Basic rules.

    (a) Premiums not deducted from monthly benefits under Subpart C of 
this part or paid by a State buy-in agreement must be paid by direct 
remittance to CMS or its agents, by or on behalf of the enrollee.
    (b) Quarterly payment is preferred as more cost-effective, but 
monthly payment is accepted if the enrollee is unwilling or unable to 
make quarterly payments or is also paying hospital insurance premiums, 
which must be paid every month.
    (c) CMS, directly or through its agents, sends quarterly or monthly 
premium bills and includes an addressed return envelope with the bill.
    (d) The individual must--
    (1) Send a check or money order that is drawn payable to ``CMS 
Medicare Insurance'' and show the enrollee's name and claim number as it 
appears on the Medicare card; and
    (2) Return the bill with the check or money order in the 
preaddressed envelope.



Sec. 408.62  Initial and subsequent billings.

    (a) Monthly billing. (1) The first premium bill is for the period 
from the first month of coverage (or the first month of change from 
deduction or State buy-in payment) through the end of the first month 
after the month of billing.
    (2) Subsequent billings are for periods of one month.
    (b) Quarterly billing. (1) The first premium bill is for the period 
from the first month of coverage (or of change from deduction or State 
buy-in payment) through the third month after the month of billing.
    (2) Subsequent billings are for periods of three months.



Sec. 408.63  Billing procedures when monthly benefits are less than monthly 
premiums.

    If monthly benefits are less than monthly premiums, the following 
procedures apply:
    (a) Notice of amount due. At the beginning of SMI entitlement, and 
at the beginning of each succeeding calendar year, SSA--
    (1) Notifies the enrollee of the amount of benefits payable for the 
rest of the year and the total premiums due for those same months; and
    (2) Bills the enrollee for the difference.
    (b) Notice of amount overdue. At the beginning of each succeeding 
calendar year, SSA--
    (1) Notifies the enrollee of any amounts overdue for premiums for 
the preceding calendar year; and
    (2) Indicates that if the amount still overdue on April 30 is equal 
to or greater than the premium for 3 months, SMI coverage will terminate 
on that date.



Sec. 408.65  Payment options.

    (a) The enrollee is not asked to pay premiums at the time of 
enrollment but is instructed to pay them upon receipt of a premium bill 
from CMS or its agents.
    (b) However, if the enrollee wishes, he or she may pay from one to 
12 months or from one to four quarters at the time of enrollment.



Sec. 408.68  When premiums are considered paid.

    (a) Payment by check. The premium is considered paid if the check is 
paid by the bank the first or second time it is presented for payment.
    (b) Payment within the grace period. (1) A premium is considered 
paid within the grace period if it is delivered personally, or mailed on 
or before the last day of that period.
    (2) A premium payment is considered to have been mailed 7 days 
before it is received by CMS.



Sec. 408.70  Change from quarterly to monthly payments.

    If an enrollee requests change from quarterly to monthly payment--
    (a) If the enrollee is paid up under the quarterly cycle, the first 
monthly bill is for one month.
    (b) If the enrollee is not paid up under the quarter system, the 
first bill includes all premiums due.

[[Page 285]]



Sec. 408.71  Change from deduction or State payment to direct remittance.

    (a) Basis for change. An SMI enrollee is required to pay by direct 
remittance in any of the following circumstances:
    (1) The enrollee's entitlement to social security or railroad 
retirement benefits ends for any reason other than death.
    (2) The premiums can no longer be deducted from the civil service 
annuity of the enrollee or the enrollee's spouse.
    (3) The enrollee no longer qualifies for coverage under a State buy-
in agreement, and is not entitled to social security or railroad 
retirement monthly benefits.
    (b) Billing. When any of the events specified in paragraph (a) of 
this section occurs (or as soon thereafter as possible), CMS or its 
agents bill the enrollee for direct remittance, in accordance with this 
subpart.



               Subpart E_Direct Remittance: Group Payment



Sec. 408.80  Basic rules.

    (a) Sources of group payment. An employer, a lodge, union, or other 
organization may pay SMI premiums on behalf of one or more enrollees.
    (b) Informal arrangement. Enrollees may turn over their premium 
notices to their employer, union, lodge, or other organization and that 
organization may send a single payment (with the premium notices 
attached so that the payments can readily be identified with the 
appropriate enrollees) to the CMS Premium Collection Center. Prompt 
payment is essential since SMI coverage terminates if premiums are not 
paid by the end of the grace period.
    (c) Group billing arrangement. CMS may send a single notice for the 
premiums due from a group of enrollees if the following conditions are 
met:
    (1) The group payer--
    (i) Uses funds other than the enrollees' to pay all or a substantial 
part of the premiums; or
    (ii) Deducts the premiums from periodic payments it makes to the 
enrollees in the group.
    (2) The enrollee's rights are protected and enrollees are not 
required to pay the costs of having their premiums paid on a group 
basis.



Sec. 408.82  Conditions for group billing.

    CMS agrees to a group billing arrangement only if the following 
conditions are met:
    (a) Conditions the group payer must meet. The group payer submits a 
written request for group billing--
    (1) Showing that all or part of the payments are made from the 
payer's funds or from funds due the enrollees and in the payer's 
possession; and
    (2) Agreeing not to charge the enrollees for the service of paying 
the premiums or for the administrative costs such as recordkeeping and 
postage.
    (b) Enrollees eligible for group payment. (1) Group payment may be 
made only on behalf of individuals who are already enrolled and are 
being billed for direct remittance.
    (2) Group payment may not be made for enrollees whose premiums are 
being deducted from monthly benefits in accordance with Subpart C of 
this part or being paid by the State under a buy-in agreement.
    (c) Protection of enrollee's rights. The use of group billing must 
not jeopardize the enrollees' right--
    (1) To confidentiality of personal information;
    (2) To terminate enrollment;
    (3) To resume individual payment of premiums if he or she wishes; 
and
    (4) To receive notice of any action that affects the SMI benefits.
    (d) Authorization by the enrollee. (1) To ensure maximum feasible 
protection of the rights specified in paragraph (c) of this section, 
each enrollee must give written authorization as specified in Sec. 
408.84(a)(2).
    (2) A group payer that is not an entity of State or local government 
must submit all enrollee authorizations to CMS.
    (3) A group payer that is an entity of State or local government may 
retain the authorizations and certify to CMS that it has on file an 
authorization for each enrollee included in the group.
    (4) It is on the basis of the enrollee's authorization that CMS 
sends the group payer information about each enrollee, as necessary to 
carry out the group payment function.
    (e) Size of group. The number of enrollees must be at least 20, 
which is the minimum size sufficient to make group

[[Page 286]]

billing efficient. (Smaller groups may use the informal procedure 
described in Sec. 408.80(b).)



Sec. 408.84  Billing and payment procedures.

    (a) Initial premium notice. (1) CMS or its agent always sends the 
initial premium notice to the enrollee.
    (2) An enrollee who wishes to have the premiums paid on a group 
basis must give the notice to the group payer, along with written 
authorization for sending subsequent notices to the group payer and for 
release of the information required for the group payment process.
    (b) Monthly billings. Group premiums are billed on a monthly basis. 
However, the group payer may pay up to 12 months in advance.
    (c) Group payers must make their payments within 30 days after 
billing, to avoid infringing on the 90-day grace period during which the 
premiums may be paid by the enrollee if he or she is dropped from the 
group.
    (d) Effect of group payment. Payment by a group payer is considered 
payment by the enrollee.



Sec. 408.86  Responsibilities under group billing arrangement.

    (a) Enrollee responsibilities. (1) The enrollee is still responsible 
for premium payments; the group payer simply acts as his agent. If the 
agent fails to pay, or identifies the payment incorrectly, SSA notifies 
both the agent and the enrollee that the enrollee's account is 
delinquent. If an enrollee fails to take action on that notice, 
entitlement is terminated for nonpayment of premiums.
    (2) The enrollee must promptly notify both SSA and the group payer 
of any change of address.
    (b) Group payer's responsibilities. The group payer must--
    (1) Make premium payments promptly upon receipt of notices;
    (2) Promptly notify both CMS and the enrollee when it drops an 
enrollee from the group;
    (3) Make payments in a way that facilitates efficient and economical 
processing; and
    (4) Maintain the confidentiality of the personal information 
obtained from CMS for the group payment process.
    (c) CMS responsibilities. CMS--
    (1) Sends the bill to the group payer upon authorization from the 
enrollee;
    (2) Notifies both the payer and the enrollee if the payer fails to 
make timely payments; and
    (3) Refunds excess premiums in accordance with Sec. 408.88.



Sec. 408.88  Refund of group payments.

    (a) Basis for refund. Group payments are refunded only in the 
following circumstances:
    (1) The premium was for a month after the month in which the 
enrollee's SMI coverage terminated or the enrollee died.
    (2) The premium was for a month after the month in which the group 
payer gave notice (before the 26th day of that month) that the enrollee 
was no longer eligible for group payment and was being dropped from the 
group.
    (b) Example. F is the wife of J who is a retiree of Corporation X. 
That corporation pays premiums on behalf of all of its retirees and 
their dependents. F obtains a divorce from J on October 20 and thus 
disqualifies herself for further premium payments by the corporation. 
The corporation gives notice on November 10 that a refund is due because 
F has been dropped from the list of persons for whom it has agreed to 
pay premiums. The premium paid for December would be refunded to the 
group payer.
    (c) To whom refund is made. (1) CMS ordinarily refunds to the group 
payer the premiums specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) However, if CMS has information that clearly shows those 
premiums were paid from the enrollee's funds, it sends the refund to the 
enrollee.



Sec. 408.90  Termination of group billing arrangement.

    (a) A group billing arrangement may be terminated either by the 
group payer or by CMS upon 30 days' notice.
    (b) CMS may terminate the arrangement if it finds that the group 
payer is not acting in the best interest of the enrollees or that, for 
any other reason, the arrangement has proved inconvenient for CMS.

[[Page 287]]



Sec. 408.92  Change from group payment to deduction or individual payment.

    (a) Enrollee excluded from group payment arrangement because of 
entitlement to monthly benefits. (1) When an enrollee becomes entitled 
to monthly benefits from which premiums can be deducted as specified in 
subpart C of this part, CMS notifies the group payer to discontinue 
payment for that enrollee.
    (2) In order to maintain confidentiality, CMS does not explain to 
the group payer the reason for excluding the enrollee from the group 
payment arrangement.
    (3) The enrollee's premiums are thereafter deducted from the monthly 
benefits, in accordance with subpart C of this part.
    (b) Enrollee no longer eligible for the group. (1) When an enrollee 
is no longer eligible to be included in the group (for instance because 
he or she is no longer employed by the group payer or has terminated 
union or lodge membership), the group payer must promptly notify CMS and 
the enrollee.
    (2) CMS or its agents resume sending individual bills to the 
enrollee, for direct remittance subject to the grace period and 
termination dates specified in Sec. 408.8.



           Subpart F_Termination and Reinstatement of Coverage



Sec. 408.100  Termination of coverage for nonpayment of premiums.

    (a) Effective date of termination. Termination is effective on the 
last day of the grace period. The determination is not made until 15 
days after that day to allow for processing of remittances mailed late 
in the grace period, as provided in Sec. 408.68.
    (b) Notice of termination. (1) SSA sends the enrollee notice of 
termination between 15 and 30 days after the end of the grace period and 
includes information regarding the enrollee's right of appeal.
    (2) CMS notifies any intermediary or carrier that had previously 
been informed that the enrollee had met the SMI deductible for the year 
in which the termination is effective.



Sec. 408.102  Reconsideration of termination.

    (a) Basic rules. Coverage may be reinstated without interruption of 
benefits if the following conditions are met:
    (1) The enrollee appeals the termination by the end of the month 
following the month in which SSA sent the notice of termination.
    (2) The enrollee alleges and it is found that the enrollee did not 
receive timely and adequate notice that the premiums were overdue.
    (3) The enrollee pays, within 30 days after SSA's subsequent request 
for payment, all premiums due through the month in which he or she 
appealed the termination.
    (b) Basis for reinstating coverage. Coverage may be reinstated if 
the evidence establishes one of the following:
    (1) The enrollee acted diligently to pay the premiums or to request 
relief upon receiving a premium notice very late in the grace period or 
shortly after its end, and the delayed notice was not the enrollee's 
fault. (For example, if the billing notice was misaddressed or lost in 
the mail, it would not be the enrollee's fault; if the enrollee had 
moved and not notified SSA of the new address, he or she would be 
responsible for the delay.)
    (2) On the basis of information given by SSA, the enrollee could 
reasonably have believed that the premiums were being paid by deduction 
from benefits or by some other means. (An example would be a notice 
indicating that premiums would be paid by a State Medicaid agency or a 
group payer or would be deducted from the spouse's civil service 
annuity.)
    (c) No basis for reinstating coverage. Coverage may not be 
reinstated if the enrollee--
    (1) Received timely and adequate notice but failed to pay within the 
grace period, for example because of insufficient income or resources; 
or
    (2) Appealed the termination more than one month after the month in 
which SSA sent the termination notice.



Sec. 408.104  Reinstatement procedures.

    (a) Request for payment. If the conditions of Sec. 408.102(a) (1) 
and (2) are met, SSA sends written notice requesting

[[Page 288]]

the enrollee to pay, within 30 days, all premiums due through the month 
in which the enrollee appealed the termination.
    (b) Reinstatement of coverage. If SSA receives the requested payment 
within 30 days, it sets aside the termination and reinstates the 
enrollee's coverage without interruption.



Subpart G_Collection of Unpaid Premiums; Refund of Excess Premiums After 
                        the Death of the Enrollee



Sec. 408.110  Collection of unpaid premiums.

    (a) Basis and scope--(1) Basis. Under the Federal Claims Collection 
Act of 1966 (31 U.S.C. 3711), CMS is required to collect any debts due 
it but is authorized to suspend or terminate collection action on debts 
of less than $20,000 when certain conditions are met. (See 4 CFR, parts 
101-105 for general rules implementing the Federal Claims Collection 
Act.) As indicated in Sec. 408.4, unpaid premiums are debts owed the 
Federal government by the enrollee or the enrollee's estate.
    (2) Scope. This section sets forth the methods of collection used by 
CMS and the circumstances under which CMS terminates or renews 
collection action. The regulations in this section apply to hospital 
insurance premiums as well as SMI premiums.
    (b) Collection of unpaid premiums. Generally, CMS will attempt to 
collect unpaid premiums by one of the following methods:
    (1) By billing enrollees who pay the premiums directly to CMS or to 
a designated agent in accordance with Sec. 408.60.
    (2) By deduction from any benefits payable to the enrollee or the 
estate of a deceased enrollee under Title II or XVIII of the Social 
Security Act, the Railroad Retirement Act or any act administered by the 
Office of Personnel Management in accordance with Sec. 408.4(b) and 
Subpart C of this part (Deduction from Monthly Benefits); or
    (3) By billing the estate of a deceased enrollee.
    (c) Termination of collection action. CMS terminates collection 
action on unpaid premiums under either of the following circumstances, 
if the cost of collection exceeds the amount of overdue premiums:
    (1) The individual is not entitled to benefits under the Acts listed 
in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, is not currently enrolled for SMI 
or premium hospital insurance, and demonstrates, to CMS's satisfaction, 
that he or she is unable to pay the debt within a reasonable time.
    (2) The individual has been dead more than 27 months (the maximum 
time allowed for claiming SMI benefits), and the legal representative of 
his or her estate demonstrates, to CMS's satisfaction, that the estate 
is unable to pay the debt within a reasonable time.
    (d) Renewal of collection efforts. CMS renews collection efforts in 
either of the following circumstances, if the cost of collection does 
not exceed the amount of the overdue premiums:
    (1) The individual enrolls again for premium hospital insurance or 
SMI. (Payment of overdue premiums is not a prerequisite for 
reenrollment.)
    (2) The individual becomes entitled or reentitled to social security 
or railroad retirement benefits or a Federal civil service annuity.



Sec. 408.112  Refund of excess premiums after the enrollee dies.

    If CMS has received premiums for months after the enrollee's death, 
CMS refunds those premiums as follows:
    (a) To the person or persons who paid the premiums or, if the 
premiums were paid by the enrollee, to the representative of the 
enrollee's estate, if any.
    (b) If refund cannot be made under paragraph (a) of this section, 
CMS refunds the premiums to the enrollee's survivors in the following 
order of priority:
    (1) The surviving spouse, if he or she was either living in the same 
household with the deceased at the time of death, or was, for the month 
of death, entitled to monthly social security or railroad retirement 
benefits on the basis of the same earnings record as the deceased 
beneficiary;
    (2) The child or children who were, for the month of death, entitled 
to monthly social security or railroad retirement benefits on the basis 
of the same earnings record as the deceased

[[Page 289]]

(and, if there is more than one child, in equal parts to each child);
    (3) The parent or parents who were, for the month of death, entitled 
to monthly social security or railroad retirement benefits on the basis 
of the same earnings record as the deceased (and, if there is more than 
one parent, in equal parts to each parent);
    (4) The surviving spouse who was not living in the same household 
with the deceased at the time of death and was not, for the month of 
death, entitled to monthly social security or railroad retirement 
benefits on the basis of the same earnings record as the deceased 
beneficiary;
    (5) The child or children who were not entitled to monthly social 
security or railroad retirement benefits on the basis of the same 
earnings record as the deceased (and, if there is more than one child, 
in equal parts to each child);
    (6) The parent or parents who were not entitled to monthly social 
security or railroad retirement benefits on the basis of the same 
earnings record as the deceased (and, if there is more than one parent, 
in equal parts to each parent).

If none of the listed relatives survives, no refund can be made.



 Subpart H_Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium Surcharge Agreements

    Source: 67 FR 60996, Sept. 27, 2002, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 408.200  Statutory basis.

    This subpart implements provisions of section 1839(e) of the Social 
Security Act that allow State or local government agencies to enter into 
an agreement with the Secretary to pay, on a quarterly or other periodic 
basis, a lump sum for the total of the SMI premium late enrollment 
surcharge amounts due for a group of eligible enrollees.



Sec. 408.201  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:
    SMI premium surcharge means the amount that the standard monthly SMI 
premium is increased for late enrollment or for reenrollment as 
specified in Sec. Sec. 408.22 through 408.25.
    SMI premium surcharge agreement means a written arrangement between 
the Secretary and a State or local government agency to pay, on a 
quarterly, monthly, or other periodic basis, a lump sum for the SMI 
premium surcharge amounts due for a designated group of eligible 
enrollees.



Sec. 408.202  Conditions for participation.

    (a) A State or local government agency may apply to CMS to enter 
into an SMI premium surcharge agreement if the following conditions are 
met:
    (1) Each individual designated for coverage under the premium 
surcharge agreement must be enrolled in Medicare Part B at the time the 
individual is added to the premium surcharge account.
    (2) Each enrollee designated for coverage under the agreement must, 
at the time the individual is added to the premium surcharge account, be 
responsible for paying the base premium and surcharge through direct 
remittance or benefit withholding from Social Security or Railroad 
Retirement benefits or a Civil Service annuity.
    (3) Each enrollee designated for coverage under the agreement must, 
at the time the individual is added to the premium surcharge account, 
not have premiums paid by a State Welfare Agency under a State buy-in 
agreement as described in Sec. 407.40 of this chapter or under a group 
billing arrangement as described in Sec. 408.80.
    (b) The State or local government agency must secure from each 
enrollee a signed, written statement authorizing CMS to send billing 
notices directly to the State or local government agency, and to release 
to the State or local government agency information required under the 
SMI premium surcharge agreement.
    (c) The authorization statement for each enrollee must be retained 
in the State or local government agency files for as long as the 
enrollee is covered by the agreement. These authorization statements 
need not be forwarded to CMS.
    (d) The State or local government agency must certify to CMS, in 
writing, that an authorization statement is

[[Page 290]]

on file for each enrollee covered under the SMI premium surcharge 
agreement. Only one certification is necessary for the entire group of 
covered enrollees.
    (e) A State or local government agency must establish an automated 
data exchange with CMS using the Third Party Premium Collection System, 
in order to transmit electronically an input file that will be used to 
add or remove enrollees from the billing system.



Sec. 408.205  Application procedures.

    (a) A State or local government agency must contact its CMS regional 
office (RO) to request application materials.
    (b) If interested in entering into an agreement, the State or local 
government agency must return to the RO two copies of the completed 
application materials.
    (c) CMS reviews the application materials, and, when they are 
approved, notifies the State or local government agency, and the RO.



Sec. 408.207  Billing and payment procedures.

    (a) Adding and removing enrollees. The State or local government 
agency must transmit an input file containing addition and removal 
records electronically to CMS as follows:
    (1) Input files must be transmitted at least once each calendar 
month, but may be transmitted as often as once a day.
    (2) CMS will not add or remove enrollees retroactively, except for 
removals upon the death of an enrollee.
    (3) The State or local government agency must pay the SMI premium 
surcharge for each eligible enrollee who is included in the agreement 
for the time period beginning with the month the enrollee is added and 
continuing through the month the State or local government agency 
informs CMS that the enrollee is to be removed, the month the enrollee's 
Part B coverage terminates, or the month of the enrollee's death, 
whichever comes first.
    (b) Payment and grace period. Payment must be made to CMS as 
follows:
    (1) Payment to CMS must be received by CMS by the first day of each 
month.
    (2) There is a 10-day grace period for receipt of payment.
    (3) Payment must be made to CMS via electronic funds transfer.
    (c) Late payment penalties. CMS may assess interest for any payment 
it does not receive by the first day of the month as follows:
    (1) Interest will be assessed at the SMI trust fund rate as computed 
for new investments in accordance with section 1841(c) of the Act.
    (2) Interest will be waived if the full payment is received by the 
10th day of the month in which it is due.
    (3) Interest will be calculated and assessed in 30-day increments.
    (4) Interest will be assessed on the balance of the amount billed 
that remains unpaid at the expiration of the grace period and unpaid 
balances from prior periods.
    (5) Interest will continue to accrue on unpaid amounts until the 
balance is paid in full.
    (d) Disagreement over billing amounts or interest. If the State or 
local government agency disagrees with the amount assessed in a billing 
statement or interest charge, it must notify CMS as follows:
    (1) The State or local government agency must provide evidence 
suitable to CMS to substantiate its claim.
    (2) The State or local government agency must continue to make full 
payment while CMS evaluates the evidence provided.
    (3) Credit for payment amounts or interest that CMS determines to be 
due to the State or local government agency will be reflected as an 
adjustment in subsequent bills, effective on the date the corrected 
amount would have been due.



Sec. 408.210  Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement.

    (a) Termination by the State or local government agency. The State 
or local government agency may voluntarily terminate its agreement with 
CMS as follows:
    (1) The State or local government agency must notify CMS, in 
writing, at least 30 days before the effective date of the termination.
    (2) The State or local government agency must pay any unpaid premium

[[Page 291]]

surcharge amounts and interest due within 30 days after the effective 
date of the termination.
    (3) Interest will continue to accrue until all amounts due are paid 
in full.
    (b) Termination by CMS. CMS may terminate the agreement with a State 
or local government agency as follows:
    (1) If a State or local government agency's payments are delinquent 
30 days or more, CMS may terminate the agreement with 30 days advance 
notice.
    (2) If the State or local government agency fails to comply with the 
terms of the agreement or procedures promulgated by CMS, CMS may 
terminate the agreement with 30 days advance notice.
    (3) If CMS finds that the State or local government agency is not 
acting in the best interest of the enrollees, or CMS, or for any reason 
other than those in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section, CMS 
may terminate the agreement at any time.
    (4) The State or local government agency must pay all outstanding 
premium surcharge and any interest amounts due within 30 days after the 
effective date of the termination.
    (5) Interest will continue to accrue until all amounts due are paid 
in full.
    (6) After the agreement is terminated, CMS will resume collection of 
the premium surcharge from the enrollees covered under the terminated 
agreement.
    (7) If an agreement is terminated by CMS, the State or local 
government agency must wait 3 years from the effective date of the 
termination before it can request to enter into another SMI premium 
surcharge agreement.



PART 409_HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS--Table of Contents




        Subpart A_Hospital Insurance Benefits: General Provisions

Sec.
409.1 Statutory basis.
409.2 Scope.
409.3 Definitions.
409.5 General description of benefits.

  Subpart B_Inpatient Hospital Services and Inpatient Critical Access 
                            Hospital Services

409.10 Included services.
409.11 Bed and board.
409.12 Nursing and related services; medical social services; use of 
          hospital or CAH facilities.
409.13 Drugs and biologicals.
409.14 Supplies, appliances, and equipment.
409.15 Services furnished by an intern or a resident-in-training.
409.16 Other diagnostic or therapeutic services.
409.18 Services related to kidney transplantations.

                     Subpart C_Posthospital SNF Care

409.20 Coverage of services.
409.21 Nursing care.
409.22 Bed and board.
409.23 Physical, occupational, and speech therapy.
409.24 Medical social services.
409.25 Drugs, biologicals, supplies, appliances, and equipment.
409.26 Transfer agreement hospital services.
409.27 Other services generally provided by (or under arrangements made 
          by) SNFs.

      Subpart D_Requirements for Coverage of Posthospital SNF Care

409.30 Basic requirements.
409.31 Level of care requirement.
409.32 Criteria for skilled services and the need for skilled services.
409.33 Examples of skilled nursing and rehabilitation services.
409.34 Criteria for ``daily basis''.
409.35 Criteria for ``practical matter''.
409.36 Effect of discharge from posthospital SNF care.

         Subpart E_Home Health Services Under Hospital Insurance

409.40 Basis, purpose, and scope.
409.41 Requirement for payment.
409.42 Beneficiary qualifications for coverage of services.
409.43 Plan of care requirements.
409.44 Skilled services requirements.
409.45 Dependent services requirements.
409.46 Allowable administrative costs.
409.47 Place of service requirements.
409.48 Visits.
409.49 Excluded services.
409.50 Coinsurance for durable medical equipment (DME) furnished as a 
          home health service.

             Subpart F_Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits

409.60 Benefit periods.
409.61 General limitations on amounts of benefits.
409.62 Lifetime maximum on inpatient psychiatric care.

[[Page 292]]

409.63 Reduction of inpatient psychiatric benefit days available in the 
          initial benefit period.
409.64 Services that are counted toward allowable amounts.
409.65 Lifetime reserve days.
409.66 Revocation of election not to use lifetime reserve days.
409.68 Guarantee of payment for inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH 
          services furnished before notification of exhaustion of 
          benefits.

        Subpart G_Hospital Insurance Deductibles and Coinsurance

409.80 Inpatient deductible and coinsurance: General provisions
409.82 Inpatient hospital deductible.
409.83 Inpatient hospital coinsurance.
409.85 Skilled nursing facility (SNF) care coinsurance.
409.87 Blood deductible.
409.89 Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance 
          requirements.

            Subpart H_Payments of Hospital Insurance Benefits

409.100 To whom payment is made.
409.102 Amounts of payment.

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh).

    Source: 48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, unless otherwise noted.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 409 appear at 62 FR 
46037, Aug. 29, 1997.



        Subpart A_Hospital Insurance Benefits: General Provisions



Sec. 409.1  Statutory basis.

    This part is based on the identified provisions of the following 
sections of the Social Security Act:
    (a) Sections 1812 and 1813 establish the scope of benefits of the 
hospital insurance program under Medicare Part A and set forth 
deductible and coinsurance requirements.
    (b) Sections 1814 and 1815 establish conditions for, and limitations 
on, payment for services furnished by providers.
    (c) Section 1820 establishes the critical access hospital program.
    (d) Section 1861 describes the services covered under Medicare Part 
A, and benefit periods.
    (e) Section 1862(a) specifies exclusions from coverage.
    (f) Section 1881 sets forth the rules for individuals who have end-
stage renal disease (ESRD), for organ donors, and for dialysis, 
transplantation, and other services furnished to ESRD patients.

[60 FR 50441, Sept. 29, 1995, as amended at 65 FR 62646, Oct. 19, 2000]



Sec. 409.2  Scope.

    Subparts A through G of this part describe the benefits available 
under Medicare Part A and set forth the limitations on those benefits, 
including certain amounts of payment for which beneficiaries are 
responsible.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985]



Sec. 409.3  Definitions.

    As used in this part, unless the context indicates otherwise--
    Arrangements means arrangements which provide that Medicare payment 
made to the provider that arranged for the services discharges the 
liability of the beneficiary or any other person to pay for those 
services.
    Covered refers to services for which the law and the regulations 
authorize Medicare payment.
    Nominal charge provider means a provider that furnishes services 
free of charge or at a nominal charge and is either a public provider, 
or another provider that (1) demonstrates to CMS's satisfaction that a 
significant portion of its patients are low-income, and (2) requests 
that payment for its services be determined accordingly.
    Participating refers to a hospital or other facility that meets the 
conditions of participation and has in effect a Medicare provider 
agreement.
    Qualified hospital means a facility that--
    (a) Is primarily engaged in providing, by or under the supervision 
of doctors of medicine or osteopathy, inpatient services for the 
diagnosis, treatment, and care or rehabilitation of persons who are 
sick, injured, or disabled;
    (b) Is not primarily engaged in providing skilled nursing care and 
related services for inpatients who require medical or nursing care;

[[Page 293]]

    (c) Provides 24-hour nursing service in accordance with Sec. 
1861(e)(5) of the Act;
    (d) If it is a U.S. hospital, is licensed, or approved as meeting 
the standards for licensing, by the State or local licensing agency; and
    (e) If it is a foreign hospital, is licensed, or approved as meeting 
the standard for licensing, by the appropriate foreign licensing agency, 
and for purposes of furnishing nonemergency services to U.S. residents, 
is accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare 
Organizations (JCAHO), or by a foreign program under standards that CMS 
finds to be equivalent to those of JCAHO.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986; 71 FR 48135, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 409.5  General description of benefits.

    Hospital insurance (Part A of Medicare) helps pay for inpatient 
hospital or inpatient CAH services and posthospital SNF care. It also 
pays for home health services and hospice care. There are limitations on 
the number of days of care that Medicare can pay for and there are 
deductible and coinsurance amounts for which the beneficiary is 
responsible. For each type of service, certain conditions must be met as 
specified in the pertinent sections of this subpart and in part 418 of 
this chapter regarding hospice care. Conditions for payment of emergency 
inpatient services furnished by a nonparticipating U.S. hospital and for 
services furnished in a foreign country are set forth in subparts G and 
H of part 424 of this chapter.

[71 FR 48135, Aug. 18, 2006]



  Subpart B_Inpatient Hospital Services and Inpatient Critical Access 
                            Hospital Services



Sec. 409.10  Included services.

    (a) Subject to the conditions, limitations, and exceptions set forth 
in this subpart, the term ``inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH 
services'' means the following services furnished to an inpatient of a 
participating hospital or of a participating CAH or, in the case of 
emergency services or services in foreign hospitals, to an inpatient of 
a qualified hospital:
    (1) Bed and board.
    (2) Nursing services and other related services.
    (3) Use of hospital or CAH facilities.
    (4) Medical social services.
    (5) Drugs, biologicals, supplies, appliances, and equipment.
    (6) Certain other diagnostic or therapeutic services.
    (7) Medical or surgical services provided by certain interns or 
residents-in-training.
    (8) Transportation services, including transport by ambulance.
    (b) Inpatient hospital services does not include the following types 
of services:
    (1) Posthospital SNF care, as described in Sec. 409.20, furnished 
by a hospital or a critical access hospital that has a swing-bed 
approval.
    (2) Nursing facility services, described in Sec. 440.155 of this 
chapter, that may be furnished as a Medicaid service under title XIX of 
the Act in a swing-bed hospital that has an approval to furnish nursing 
facility services.
    (3) Physician services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
415.102(a) of this chapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (4) Physician assistant services, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act.
    (5) Nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
defined in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (6) Certified nurse mid-wife services, as defined in section 
1861(gg) of the Act.
    (7) Qualified psychologist services, as defined in section 1861(ii) 
of the Act.
    (8) Services of an anesthetist, as defined in Sec. 410.69

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993; 64 FR 3648, Jan. 25, 1999; 65 FR 18535, Apr. 
7, 2000]



Sec. 409.11  Bed and board.

    (a) Semiprivate and ward accommodations. Except for applicable 
deductible and coinsurance amounts, Medicare Part A pays in full for bed 
and board and semiprivate (2 to 4 beds), or ward (5 or more beds) 
accommodations.
    (b) Private accommodations--(1) Conditions for payment in full. 
Except for applicable deductible and coinsurance

[[Page 294]]

amounts, Medicare Part A pays in full for a private room if--
    (i) The patient's condition requires him or her to be isolated;
    (ii) The hospital or CAH has no semiprivate or ward accommodations; 
or
    (iii) The hospital's or CAH's semiprivate and ward accommodations 
are fully occupied by other patients, were so occupied at the time the 
patient was admitted to the hospital or CAH, respectively, for treatment 
of a condition that required immediate inpatient hospital or inpatient 
CAH care, and have been so occupied during the interval.
    (2) Period of payment. In the situations specified in paragraph 
(b)(1) (i) and (iii) of this section, Medicare pays for a private room 
until the patient's condition no longer requires isolation or until 
semiprivate or ward accommodations are available.
    (3) Conditions for patient's liability. The hospital or CAH may 
charge the patient the difference between its customary charge for the 
private room and its most prevalent charge for a semiprivate room if--
    (i) None of the conditions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section is 
met; and
    (ii) The private room was requested by the patient or a member of 
the family, who, at the time of the request, was informed what the 
hospital's or CAH's charge would be.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.12  Nursing and related services, medical social services; use of 
hospital or CAH facilities.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, Medicare 
pays for nursing and related services, use of hospital or CAH 
facilities, and medical social services as inpatient hospital or 
inpatient CAH services only if those services are ordinarily furnished 
by the hospital or CAH, respectively, for the care and treatment of 
inpatients.
    (b) Exception. Medicare does not pay for the services of a private 
duty nurse or attendant. An individual is not considered to be a private 
duty nurse or attendant if he or she is a hospital or CAH employee at 
the time the services are furnished.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
58 FR 30666, 30667, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.13  Drugs and biologicals.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, Medicare 
pays for drugs and biologicals as inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH 
services only if--
    (1) They represent a cost to the hospital or CAH;
    (2) They are ordinarily furnished by the hospital or CAH for the 
care and treatment of inpatients; and
    (3) They are furnished to an inpatient for use in the hospital or 
CAH.
    (b) Exception. Medicare pays for a limited supply of drugs for use 
outside the hospital or CAH if it is medically necessary to facilitate 
the beneficiary's departure from the hospital and required until he or 
she can obtain a continuing supply.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.14  Supplies, appliances, and equipment.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, Medicare 
pays for supplies, appliances, and equipment as inpatient hospital or 
inpatient CAH services only if--
    (1) They are ordinarily furnished by the hospital or CAH to 
inpatients; and
    (2) They are furnished to inpatients for use in the hospital or CAH.
    (b) Exceptions. Medicare pays for items to be used beyond the 
hospital or CAH stay if--
    (1) The item is one that the beneficiary must continue to use after 
he or she leaves the hospital or CAH, for example, heart valves or a 
heart pacemaker, or
    (2) The item is medically necessary to permit or facilitate the 
beneficiary's departure from the hospital or CAH and is required until 
the beneficiary can obtain a continuing supply. Tracheostomy or draining 
tubes are examples.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]

[[Page 295]]



Sec. 409.15  Services furnished by an intern or a resident-in-training.

    Medical or surgical services provided by an intern or a resident-in-
training are included as ``inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH 
services'' if they are provided--
    (a) By an intern or a resident-in-training under a teaching program 
approved by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical 
Association, or the Bureau of Professional Education of the American 
Osteopathic Association;
    (b) By an intern or a resident-in-training in the field of dentistry 
under a teaching program approved by the Council on Dental Education of 
the American Dental Association; or
    (c) By an intern or a resident-in-training in the field of podiatry 
under a teaching program approved by the Council on Podiatry Education 
of the American Podiatry Association.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.16  Other diagnostic or therapeutic services.

    Diagnostic or therapeutic services other than those provided for in 
Sec. Sec. 409.12, 409.13, and 409.14 are considered as inpatient 
hospital or inpatient CAH services if--
    (a) They are furnished by the hospital or CAH, or by others under 
arrangements made by the hospital or CAH;
    (b) Billing for those services is through the hospital or CAH; and
    (c) The services are of a kind ordinarily furnished to inpatients 
either by the hospital or CAH or under arrangements made by the hospital 
or CAH.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.18  Services related to kidney transplantations.

    (a) Kidney transplants. Medicare pays for kidney transplantation 
surgery only if performed in a renal transplantation center approved 
under subpart U of part 405 of this chapter.
    (b) Services in connection with kidney donations. Medicare pays for 
services related to the evaluation or preparation of a potential or 
actual donor, to the donation of the kidney, or to postoperative 
recovery services directly related to the kidney donation--
    (1) If the kidney is intended for an individual who has ESRD and is 
entitled to Medicare benefits or can be expected to become so entitled 
within a reasonable time; and
    (2) Regardless of whether the donor is entitled to Medicare.



                     Subpart C_Posthospital SNF Care



Sec. 409.20  Coverage of services.

    (a) Included services. Subject to the conditions and limitations set 
forth in this subpart and subpart D of this part, ``posthospital SNF 
care'' means the following services furnished to an inpatient of a 
participating SNF, or of a participating hospital or critical access 
hospital (CAH) that has a swing-bed approval:
    (1) Nursing care provided by or under the supervision of a 
registered professional nurse.
    (2) Bed and board in connection with the furnishing of that nursing 
care.
    (3) Physical, occupational, or speech therapy.
    (4) Medical social services.
    (5) Drugs, biologicals, supplies, appliances, and equipment.
    (6) Services furnished by a hospital with which the SNF has a 
transfer agreement in effect under Sec. 483.75(n) of this chapter.
    (7) Other services that are generally provided by (or under 
arrangements made by) SNFs.
    (b) Excluded services--(1) Services that are not considered 
inpatient hospital services. No service is included as posthospital SNF 
care if it would not be included as an inpatient hospital service under 
Sec. Sec. 409.11 through 409.18.
    (2) Services not generally provided by (or under arrangements made 
by) SNFs. Except as specifically listed in Sec. Sec. 409.21 through 
409.27, only those services generally provided by (or under arrangements 
made by) SNFs are considered as posthospital SNF care. For example, a 
type of medical or surgical procedure that is ordinarily performed only 
on an

[[Page 296]]

inpatient basis in a hospital is not included as ``posthospital SNF 
care,'' because such procedures are not generally provided by (or under 
arrangements made by) SNFs.
    (c) Terminology. In Sec. 409.21 through Sec. 409.36--.
    (1) The terms SNF and swing-bed hospital are used when the context 
applies to the particular facility.
    (2) The term facility is used to mean both SNFs and swing-bed 
hospitals.
    (3) The term swing-bed hospital includes a CAH with swing-bed 
approval under subpart F of part 485 of this chapter.
    (4) The term post-hospital SNF care includes SNF care that does not 
follow a hospital stay when the beneficiary is enrolled in a plan, as 
defined in Sec. 422.4 of this chapter, offered by a Medicare+Choice 
(M+C) organization, that includes the benefits described in Sec. 
422.101(c) of this chapter.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
58 FR 30667, May 26, 1993; 63 FR 26306, May 12, 1998; 64 FR 3648, Jan. 
25, 1999; 64 FR 41681, July 30, 1999; 68 FR 46070, Aug. 4, 2003; 68 FR 
50854, Aug. 22, 2003; 69 FR 35529, June 25, 2004]



Sec. 409.21  Nursing care.

    (a) Basic rule. Medicare pays for nursing care as posthospital SNF 
care when provided by or under the supervision of a registered 
professional nurse.
    (b) Exception. Medicare does not pay for the services of a private 
duty nurse or attendant. An individual is not considered to be a private 
duty nurse or attendant if he or she is an SNF employee at the time the 
services are furnished.

[63 FR 26306, May 12, 1998]



Sec. 409.22  Bed and board.

    (a) Semiprivate and ward accommodations. Except for applicable 
deductible and coinsurance amounts Medicare Part A pays in full for 
semiprivate (2 to 4 beds), or ward (5 or more beds) accommodations.
    (b) Private accommodations--(1) Conditions for payment in full. 
Except for applicable coinsurance amounts, Medicare pays in full for a 
private room if--
    (i) The patient's condition requires him to be isolated;
    (ii) The SNF has no semiprivate or ward accommodations; or
    (iii) The SNF semiprivate and ward accommodations are fully occupied 
by other patients, were so occupied at the time the patient was admitted 
to the SNF for treatment of a condition that required immediate 
inpatient SNF care, and have been so occupied during the interval.
    (2) Period of payment. In the situations specified in paragraph 
(b)(1) (i) and (iii) of this section. Medicare pays for a private room 
until the patient's condition no longer requires isolation or until 
semiprivate or ward accommodations are available.
    (3) Conditions for patient's liability. The facility may charge the 
patient the difference between its customary charge for the private room 
furnished and its most prevalent charge for a semiprivate room if:
    (i) None of the conditions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section is 
met, and
    (ii) The private room was requested by the patient or a member of 
the family who, at the time of request was informed what the charge 
would be.



Sec. 409.23  Physical, occupational, and speech therapy.

    Medicare pays for physical, occupational, or speech therapy as 
posthospital SNF care if--
    (a) It is furnished by the facility or under arrangements made by 
the facility, and
    (b) Billing for the therapy is by or through the facility.



Sec. 409.24  Medical social services.

    Medicare pays for medical social services as posthospital SNF care, 
including--
    (a) Assessment of the social and emotional factors related to the 
beneficiary's illness, need for care, response to treatment, and 
adjustment to care in the facility;
    (b) Case work services to assist in resolving social or emotional 
problems that may have an adverse effect on the beneficiary's ability to 
respond to treatment; and
    (c) Assessment of the relationship of the beneficiary's medical and 
nursing

[[Page 297]]

requirements to his or her home situation, financial resources, and the 
community resources available upon discharge from facility care.

[63 FR 26306, May 12, 1998]



Sec. 409.25  Drugs, biologicals, supplies, appliances, and equipment.

    (a) Drugs and biologicals. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of 
this section, Medicare pays for drugs and biologicals as posthospital 
SNF care only if--
    (1) They represent a cost to the facility;
    (2) They are ordinarily furnished by the facility for the care and 
treatment of inpatients; and
    (3) They are furnished to an inpatient for use in the facility.
    (b) Exception. Medicare pays for a limited supply of drugs for use 
outside the facility if it is medically necessary to facilitate the 
beneficiary's departure from the facility and required until he or she 
can obtain a continuing supply.
    (c) Supplies, appliances, and equipment. Except as specified in 
paragraph (d) of this section, Medicare pays for supplies, appliances, 
and equipment as posthospital SNF care only if they are--
    (1) Ordinarily furnished by the facility to inpatients; and
    (2) Furnished to inpatients for use in the facility.
    (d) Exception. Medicare pays for items to be used after the 
individual leaves the facility if--
    (1) The item is one that the beneficiary must continue to use after 
leaving, such as a leg brace; or
    (2) The item is necessary to permit or facilitate the beneficiary's 
departure from the facility and is required until he or she can obtain a 
continuing supply, for example, sterile dressings.

[63 FR 26307, May 12, 1998]



Sec. 409.26  Transfer agreement hospital services.

    (a) Services furnished by an intern or a resident-in-training. 
Medicare pays for medical services that are furnished by an intern or a 
resident-in-training (under a hospital teaching program approved in 
accordance with the provisions of Sec. 409.15) as posthospital SNF 
care, if the intern or resident is in--
    (1) A participating hospital with which the SNF has in effect an 
agreement under Sec. 483.75(n) of this chapter for the transfer of 
patients and exchange of medical records; or
    (2) A hospital that has a swing-bed approval, and is furnishing 
services to an SNF-level inpatient of that hospital.
    (b) Other diagnostic or therapeutic services. Medicare pays for 
other diagnostic or therapeutic services as posthospital SNF care if 
they are provided--
    (1) By a participating hospital with which the SNF has in effect a 
transfer agreement as described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section; or
    (2) By a hospital or a CAH that has a swing-bed approval, to its own 
SNF-level inpatient.

[63 FR 26307, May 12, 1998]



Sec. 409.27  Other services generally provided by (or under arrangements made 
by) SNFs.

    In addition to those services specified in Sec. Sec. 409.21 through 
409.26, Medicare pays as posthospital SNF care for such other diagnostic 
and therapeutic services as are generally provided by (or under 
arrangements made by) SNFs, including--
    (a) Medical and other health services as described in subpart B of 
part 410 of this chapter, subject to any applicable limitations or 
exclusions contained in that subpart or in Sec. 409.20(b);
    (b) Respiratory therapy services prescribed by a physician for the 
assessment, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, management, and monitoring 
of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities of cardiopulmonary 
function; and
    (c) Transportation by ambulance that meets the general medical 
necessity requirements set forth in Sec. 410.40(d)(1) of this chapter.

[63 FR 26307, May 12, 1998, as amended at 64 FR 41681, July 30, 1999]

[[Page 298]]



      Subpart D_Requirements for Coverage of Posthospital SNF Care



Sec. 409.30  Basic requirements.

    Posthospital SNF care, including SNF-type care furnished in a 
hospital or CAH that has a swing-bed approval, is covered only if the 
beneficiary meets the requirements of this section and only for days 
when he or she needs and receives care of the level described in Sec. 
409.31. A beneficiary in an SNF is also considered to meet the level of 
care requirements of Sec. 409.31 up to and including the assessment 
reference date for the 5-day assessment prescribed in Sec. 413.343(b) 
of this chapter, when assigned to one of the Resource Utilization Groups 
that is designated (in the annual publication of Federal prospective 
payment rates described in Sec. 413.345 of this chapter) as 
representing the required level of care. For the purposes of this 
section, the assessment reference date is defined in accordance with 
Sec. 483.315(d) of this chapter, and must occur no later than the 
eighth day of posthospital SNF care.
    (a) Pre-admission requirements. The beneficiary must--
    (1) Have been hospitalized in a participating or qualified hospital 
or participating CAH, for medically necessary inpatient hospital or 
inpatient CAH care, for at least 3 consecutive calendar days, not 
counting the date of discharge; and
    (2) Have been discharged from the hospital or CAH in or after the 
month he or she attained age 65, or in a month for which he or she was 
entitled to hospital or CAH insurance benefits on the basis of 
disability or end-stage renal disease, in accordance with part 406 of 
this chapter.
    (b) Date of admission requirements. \1\ (1) Except as specified in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the beneficiary must be in need of 
posthospital SNF care, be admitted to the facility, and receive the 
needed care within 30 calendar days after the date of discharge from a 
hospital or CAH.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Before December 5, 1980, the law required that admission and 
receipt of care be within 14 days after discharge from the hospital or 
CAH and permitted admission up to 28 days after discharge if a SNF bed 
was not available in the geographic area in which the patient lived, or 
at the time it would be medically appropriate to begin an active course 
of treatment, if SNF care would not be medically appropriate within 14 
days after discharge.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) The following exceptions apply--
    (i) A beneficiary for whom posthospital SNF care would not be 
medically appropriate within 30 days after discharge from the hospital 
or CAH, or a beneficiary enrolled in a Medicare+Choice (M+C) plan, may 
be admitted at the time it would be medically appropriate to begin an 
active course of treatment.
    (ii) If, upon admission to the SNF, the beneficiary was enrolled in 
an M+C plan, as defined in Sec. 422.4 of this chapter, offering the 
benefits described in Sec. 422.101(c) of this chapter, the beneficiary 
will be considered to have met the requirements described in paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section, and also in Sec. 409.31(b)(2), for the 
duration of the SNF stay.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 41338, Nov. 14, 1986; 
58 FR 30666, 30667, May 26, 1993; 62 FR 46025, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 
26307, May 12, 1998; 64 FR 41681, July 30, 1999; 68 FR 50584, Aug. 22, 
2003]



Sec. 409.31  Level of care requirement.

    (a) Definition. As used in this section, skilled nursing and skilled 
rehabilitation services means services that:
    (1) Are ordered by a physician;
    (2) Require the skills of technical or professional personnel such 
as registered nurses, licensed practical (vocational) nurses, physical 
therapists, occupational therapists, and speech pathologists or 
audiologists; and
    (3) Are furnished directly by, or under the supervision of, such 
personnel.
    (b) Specific conditions for meeting level of care requirements. (1) 
The beneficiary must require skilled nursing or skilled rehabilitation 
services, or both, on a daily basis.
    (2) Those services must be furnished for a condition--
    (i) For which the beneficiary received inpatient hospital or 
inpatient CAH services; or
    (ii) Which arose while the beneficiary was receiving care in a SNF 
or swing-bed hospital for a condition for which

[[Page 299]]

he or she received inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH services; or
    (iii) For which, for an M+C enrollee described in Sec. 
409.20(c)(4), a physician has determined that a direct admission to a 
SNF without an inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH stay would be 
medically appropriate.
    (3) The daily skilled services must be ones that, as a practical 
matter, can only be provided in a SNF, on an inpatient basis.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993; 68 
FR 50854, Aug. 22, 2003; 70 FR 45055, Aug. 4, 2005]



Sec. 409.32  Criteria for skilled services and the need for skilled services.

    (a) To be considered a skilled service, the service must be so 
inherently complex that it can be safely and effectively performed only 
by, or under the supervision of, professional or technical personnel.
    (b) A condition that does not ordinarily require skilled services 
may require them because of special medical complications. Under those 
circumstances, a service that is usually nonskilled (such as those 
listed in Sec. 409.33(d)) may be considered skilled because it must be 
performed or supervised by skilled nursing or rehabilitation personnel. 
For example, a plaster cast on a leg does not usually require skilled 
care. However, if the patient has a preexisting acute skin condition or 
needs traction, skilled personnel may be needed to adjust traction or 
watch for complications. In situations of this type, the complications, 
and the skilled services they require, must be documented by physicians' 
orders and nursing or therapy notes.
    (c) The restoration potential of a patient is not the deciding 
factor in determining whether skilled services are needed. Even if full 
recovery or medical improvement is not possible, a patient may need 
skilled services to prevent further deterioration or preserve current 
capabilities. For example, a terminal cancer patient may need some of 
the skilled services described in Sec. 409.33.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 59 FR 65493, Dec. 20, 1994]



Sec. 409.33  Examples of skilled nursing and rehabilitation services.

    (a) Services that could qualify as either skilled nursing or skilled 
rehabilitation services--(1) Overall management and evaluation of care 
plan. (i) When overall management and evaluation of care plan constitute 
skilled services. The development, management, and evaluation of a 
patient care plan based on the physician's orders constitute skilled 
services when, because of the patient's physical or mental condition, 
those activities require the involvement of technical or professional 
personnel in order to meet the patient's needs, promote recovery, and 
ensure medical safety. Those activities include the management of a plan 
involving a variety of personal care services only when, in light of the 
patient's condition, the aggregate of those services requires the 
involvement of technical or professional personnel.
    (ii) Example. An aged patient with a history of diabetes mellitus 
and angina pectoris who is recovering from an open reduction of a 
fracture of the neck of the femur requires, among other services, 
careful skin care, appropriate oral medications, a diabetic diet, an 
exercise program to preserve muscle tone and body condition, and 
observation to detect signs of deterioration in his or her condition or 
complications resulting from restricted, but increasing, mobility. 
Although any of the required services could be performed by a properly 
instructed person, such a person would not have the ability to 
understand the relationship between the services and evaluate the 
ultimate effect of one service on the other. Since the nature of the 
patient's condition, age, and immobility create a high potential for 
serious complications, such an understanding is essential to ensure the 
patient's recovery and safety. Under these circumstances, the management 
of the plan of care would require the skills of a nurse even though the 
individual services are not skilled. Skilled planning and management 
activities are not always specifically identified in the patient's 
clinical record. Therefore, if the patient's overall condition supports 
a finding that recovery and safety can be ensured

[[Page 300]]

only if the total care is planned, managed, and evaluated by technical 
or professional personnel, it is appropriate to infer that skilled 
services are being provided.
    (2) Observation and assessment of the patient's changing condition--
(i) When observation and assessment constitute skilled services. 
Observation and assessment constitute skilled services when the skills 
of a technical or professional person are required to identify and 
evaluate the patient's need for modification of treatment or for 
additional medical procedures until his or her condition is stabilized.
    (ii) Examples. A patient with congestive heart failure may require 
continuous close observation to detect signs of decompensation, abnormal 
fluid balance, or adverse effects resulting from prescribed 
medication(s) that serve as indicators for adjusting therapeutic 
measures. Similarly, surgical patients transferred from a hospital to an 
SNF while in the complicated, unstabilized postoperative period, for 
example, after hip prosthesis or cataract surgery, may need continued 
close skilled monitoring for postoperative complications and adverse 
reaction. Patients who, in addition to their physical problems, exhibit 
acute psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or agitation, 
may also require skilled observation and assessment by technical or 
professional personnel to ensure their safety or the safety of others, 
that is, to observe for indications of suicidal or hostile behavior. The 
need for services of this type must be documented by physicians' orders 
or nursing or therapy notes.
    (3) Patient education services--(i) When patient education services 
constitute skilled services. Patient education services are skilled 
services if the use of technical or professional personnel is necessary 
to teach a patient self-maintenance.
    (ii) Examples. A patient who has had a recent leg amputation needs 
skilled rehabilitation services provided by technical or professional 
personnel to provide gait training and to teach prosthesis care. 
Similarly, a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes requires instruction 
from technical or professional personnel to learn the self-
administration of insulin or foot-care precautions.
    (b) Services that qualify as skilled nursing services. (1) 
Intravenous or intramuscular injections and intravenous feeding.
    (2) Enteral feeding that comprises at least 26 per cent of daily 
calorie requirements and provides at least 501 milliliters of fluid per 
day.
    (3) Nasopharyngeal and tracheostomy aspiration;
    (4) Insertion and sterile irrigation and replacement of suprapubic 
catheters;
    (5) Application of dressings involving prescription medications and 
aseptic techniques;
    (6) Treatment of extensive decubitus ulcers or other widespread skin 
disorder;
    (7) Heat treatments which have been specifically ordered by a 
physician as part of active treatment and which require observation by 
nurses to adequately evaluate the patient's progress;
    (8) Initial phases of a regimen involving administration of medical 
gases;
    (9) Rehabilitation nursing procedures, including the related 
teaching and adaptive aspects of nursing, that are part of active 
treatment, e.g., the institution and supervision of bowel and bladder 
training programs.
    (c) Services which would qualify as skilled rehabilitation services. 
(1) Ongoing assessment of rehabilitation needs and potential: Services 
concurrent with the management of a patient care plan, including tests 
and measurements of range of motion, strength, balance, coordination, 
endurance, functional ability, activities of daily living, perceptual 
deficits, speech and language or hearing disorders;
    (2) Therapeutic exercises or activities: Therapeutic exercises or 
activities which, because of the type of exercises employed or the 
condition of the patient, must be performed by or under the supervision 
of a qualified physical therapist or occupational therapist to ensure 
the safety of the patient and the effectiveness of the treatment;
    (3) Gait evaluation and training: Gait evaluation and training 
furnished to restore function in a patient whose ability to walk has 
been impaired by

[[Page 301]]

neurological, muscular, or skeletal abnormality;
    (4) Range of motion exercises: Range of motion exercises which are 
part of the active treatment of a specific disease state which has 
resulted in a loss of, or restriction of, mobility (as evidenced by a 
therapist's notes showing the degree of motion lost and the degree to be 
restored);
    (5) Maintenance therapy; Maintenance therapy, when the specialized 
knowledge and judgment of a qualified therapist is required to design 
and establish a maintenance program based on an initial evaluation and 
periodic reassessment of the patient's needs, and consistent with the 
patient's capacity and tolerance. For example, a patient with 
Parkinson's disease who has not been under a rehabilitation regimen may 
require the services of a qualified therapist to determine what type of 
exercises will contribute the most to the maintenance of his present 
level of functioning.
    (6) Ultrasound, short-wave, and microwave therapy treatment by a 
qualified physical therapist;
    (7) Hot pack, hydrocollator, infrared treatments, paraffin baths, 
and whirlpool; Hot pack hydrocollator, infrared treatments, paraffin 
baths, and whirlpool in particular cases where the patient's condition 
is complicated by circulatory deficiency, areas of desensitization, open 
wounds, fractures, or other complications, and the skills, knowledge, 
and judgment of a qualified physical therapist are required; and
    (8) Services of a speech pathologist or audiologist when necessary 
for the restoration of function in speech or hearing.
    (d) Personal care services. Personal care services which do not 
require the skills of qualified technical or professional personnel are 
not skilled services except under the circumstances specified in Sec. 
409.32(b). Personal care services include, but are not limited to, the 
following:
    (1) Administration of routine oral medications, eye drops, and 
ointments;
    (2) General maintenance care of colostomy and ileostomy;
    (3) Routine services to maintain satisfactory functioning of 
indwelling bladder catheters;
    (4) Changes of dressings for noninfected postoperative or chronic 
conditions;
    (5) Prophylactic and palliative skin care, including bathing and 
application of creams, or treatment of minor skin problems;
    (6) Routine care of the incontinent patient, including use of 
diapers and protective sheets;
    (7) General maintenance care in connection with a plaster cast;
    (8) Routine care in connection with braces and similar devices;
    (9) Use of heat as a palliative and comfort measure, such as 
whirlpool and hydrocollator;
    (10) Routine administration of medical gases after a regimen of 
therapy has been established;
    (11) Assistance in dressing, eating, and going to the toilet;
    (12) Periodic turning and positioning in bed; and
    (13) General supervision of exercises which have been taught to the 
patient; including the actual carrying out of maintenance programs, 
i.e., the performance of the repetitive exercises required to maintain 
function do not require the skills of a therapist and would not 
constitute skilled rehabilitation services (see paragraph (c) of this 
section). Similarly, repetitious exercises to improve gait, maintain 
strength, or endurance; passive exercises to maintain range of motion in 
paralyzed extremities, which are not related to a specific loss of 
function; and assistive walking do not constitute skilled rehabilitation 
services.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 63 FR 26307, May 12, 1998; 64 
FR 41681, July 30, 1999]



Sec. 409.34  Criteria for ``daily basis''.

    (a) To meet the daily basis requirement specified in Sec. 
409.31(b)(1), the following frequency is required:
    (1) Skilled nursing services or skilled rehabilitation services must 
be needed and provided 7 days a week; or
    (2) As an exception, if skilled rehabilitation services are not 
available 7 days a week those services must be needed and provided at 
least 5 days a week.
    (b) A break of one or two days in the furnishing of rehabilitation 
services

[[Page 302]]

will not preclude coverage if discharge would not be practical for the 
one or two days during which, for instance, the physician has suspended 
the therapy sessions because the patient exhibited extreme fatigue.



Sec. 409.35  Criteria for ``practical matter''.

    (a) General considerations. In making a ``practical matter'' 
determination, as required by Sec. 409.31(b)(3), consideration must be 
given to the patient's condition and to the availability and feasibility 
of using more economical alternative facilities and services. However, 
in making that determination, the availability of Medicare payment for 
those services may not be a factor. Example: The beneficiary can obtain 
daily physical therapy from a physical therapist in independent 
practice. However, Medicare pays only the appropriate portion (after 
deduction of applicable deductible and coinsurance amounts) of the first 
$500 of services furnished by such a practitioner in a year. This 
limitation on payment may not be a basis for finding that the needed 
care can only be provided in a SNF.
    (b) Examples of circumstances that meet practical matter criteria--
(1) Beneficiary's condition. Inpatient care would be required ``as a 
practical matter'' if transporting the beneficiary to and from the 
nearest facility that furnishes the required daily skilled services 
would be an excessive physical hardship.
    (2) Economy and efficiency. Even if the beneficiary's condition does 
not preclude transportation, inpatient care might be more efficient and 
less costly if, for instance, the only alternative is daily 
transportation by ambulance.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985]



Sec. 409.36  Effect of discharge from posthospital SNF care.

    If a beneficiary is discharged from a facility after receiving 
posthospital SNF care, he or she is not entitled to additional services 
of this kind in the same benefit period unless--
    (a) He or she is readmitted to the same or another facility within 
30 calendar days following the day of discharge (or, before December 5, 
1980, within 14 calendar days after discharge); or
    (b) He or she is again hospitalized for at least 3 consecutive 
calendar days.



         Subpart E_Home Health Services Under Hospital Insurance



Sec. 409.40  Basis, purpose, and scope.

    This subpart implements sections 1814(a)(2)(C), 1835(a)(2)(A), and 
1861(m) of the Act with respect to the requirements that must be met for 
Medicare payment to be made for home health services furnished to 
eligible beneficiaries.

[59 FR 65493, Dec. 20, 1994]



Sec. 409.41  Requirement for payment.

    In order for home health services to qualify for payment under the 
Medicare program the following requirements must be met:
    (a) The services must be furnished to an eligible beneficiary by, or 
under arrangements with, an HHA that--
    (1) Meets the conditions of participation for HHAs at part 484 of 
this chapter; and
    (2) Has in effect a Medicare provider agreement as described in part 
489, subparts A, B, C, D, and E of this chapter.
    (b) The physician certification and recertification requirements for 
home health services described in Sec. 424.22.
    (c) All requirements contained in Sec. Sec. 409.42 through 409.47.

[59 FR 65494, Dec. 20, 1994]



Sec. 409.42  Beneficiary qualifications for coverage of services.

    To qualify for Medicare coverage of home health services, a 
beneficiary must meet each of the following requirements:
    (a) Confined to the home. The beneficiary must be confined to the 
home or in an institution that is not a hospital, SNF or nursing 
facility as defined in section 1861(e)(1), 1819(a)(1) or 1919(a)(1) of 
the Act, respectively.
    (b) Under the care of a physician. The beneficiary must be under the 
care of a physician who establishes the plan of care. A doctor of 
podiatric medicine may establish a plan of care only if that is 
consistent with the functions he or she is authorized to perform under 
State law.

[[Page 303]]

    (c) In need of skilled services. The beneficiary must need at least 
one of the following skilled services as certified by a physician in 
accordance with the physician certification and recertification 
requirements for home health services under Sec. 424.22 of this 
chapter.
    (1) Intermittent skilled nursing services that meet the criteria for 
skilled services and the need for skilled services found in Sec. 
409.32. (Also see Sec. 409.33(a) and (b) for a description of examples 
of skilled nursing and rehabilitation services.)
    (2) Physical therapy services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
409.44(c).
    (3) Speech-language pathology services that meet the requirements of 
Sec. 409.44(c).
    (4) Continuing occupational therapy services that meet the 
requirements of Sec. 409.44(c) if the beneficiary's eligibility for 
home health services has been established by virtue of a prior need for 
intermittent skilled nursing care, speech-language pathology services, 
or physical therapy in the current or prior certification period.
    (d) Under a plan of care. The beneficiary must be under a plan of 
care that meets the requirements for plans of care specified in Sec. 
409.43.
    (e) By whom the services must be furnished. The home health services 
must be furnished by, or under arrangements made by, a participating 
HHA.

[59 FR 65494, Dec. 20, 1994; 60 FR 39122, Aug. 1, 1995]



Sec. 409.43  Plan of care requirements.

    (a) Contents. The plan of care must contain those items listed in 
Sec. 484.18(a) of this chapter that specify the standards relating to a 
plan of care that an HHA must meet in order to participate in the 
Medicare program.
    (b) Physician's orders. The physician's orders for services in the 
plan of care must specify the medical treatments to be furnished as well 
as the type of home health discipline that will furnish the ordered 
services and at what frequency the services will be furnished. Orders 
for services to be provided ``as needed'' or ``PRN'' must be accompanied 
by a description of the beneficiary's medical signs and symptoms that 
would occasion the visit and a specific limit on the number of those 
visits to be made under the order before an additional physician order 
would have to be obtained. Orders for care may indicate a specific range 
in frequency of visits to ensure that the most appropriate level of 
services is furnished. If a range of visits is ordered, the upper limit 
of the range is considered the specific frequency.
    (c) Physician signature--(1) Request for Anticipated payment 
signature requirements. If the physician signed plan of care is not 
available at the time the HHA requests an anticipated payment of the 
initial percentage prospective payment in accordance with Sec. 484.205, 
the request for the anticipated payment must be based on--
    (i) A physician's verbal order that--
    (A) Is recorded in the plan of care;
    (B) Includes a description of the patient's condition and the 
services to be provided by the home health agency;
    (C) Includes an attestation (relating to the physician's orders and 
the date received) signed and dated by the registered nurse or qualified 
therapist (as defined in 42 CFR 484.4) responsible for furnishing or 
supervising the ordered service in the plan of care; and
    (D) Is copied into the plan of care and the plan of care is 
immediately submitted to the physician; or
    (ii) A referral prescribing detailed orders for the services to be 
rendered that is signed and dated by a physician.
    (2) Reduction or disapproval of anticipated payment requests. CMS 
has the authority to reduce or disapprove requests for anticipated 
payments in situations when protecting Medicare program integrity 
warrants this action. Since the request for anticipated payment is based 
on verbal orders as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) and/or a 
prescribing referral as specified in (c)(1)(ii) of this section and is 
not a Medicare claim for purposes of the Act (although it is a ``claim'' 
for purposes of Federal, civil, criminal, and administrative law 
enforcement authorities, including but not limited to the Civil Monetary 
Penalties Law (as defined in 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7a (i) (2)), the Civil 
False Claims Act (as defined in 31 U.S.C. 3729(c)), and the Criminal 
False Claims Act (18 U.S.C. 287)), the request for anticipated payment 
will be canceled and recovered unless the claim is submitted

[[Page 304]]

within the greater of 60 days from the end of the episode or 60 days 
from the issuance of the request for anticipated payment.
    (3) Final percentage payment signature requirements. The plan of 
care must be signed and dated--
    (i) By a physician as described who meets the certification and 
recertification requirements of Sec. 424.22 of this chapter; and
    (ii) Before the claim for each episode for services is submitted for 
the final percentage prospective payment.
    (4) Changes to the plan of care signature requirements. Any changes 
in the plan must be signed and dated by a physician.
    (d) Oral (verbal) orders. If any services are provided based on a 
physician's oral orders, the orders must be put in writing and be signed 
and dated with the date of receipt by the registered nurse or qualified 
therapist (as defined in Sec. 484.4 of this chapter) responsible for 
furnishing or supervising the ordered services. Oral orders may only be 
accepted by personnel authorized to do so by applicable State and 
Federal laws and regulations as well as by the HHA's internal policies. 
The oral orders must also be countersigned and dated by the physician 
before the HHA bills for the care.
    (e) Frequency of review. (1) The plan of care must be reviewed by 
the physician (as specified in Sec. 409.42(b)) in consultation with 
agency professional personnel at least every 60 days or more frequently 
when there is a--
    (i) Beneficiary elected transfer;
    (ii) Significant change in condition resulting in a change in the 
case-mix assignment; or
    (iii) Discharge and return to the same HHA during the 60-day 
episode.
    (2) Each review of a beneficiary's plan of care must contain the 
signature of the physician who reviewed it and the date of review.
    (f) Termination of the plan of care. The plan of care is considered 
to be terminated if the beneficiary does not receive at least one 
covered skilled nursing, physical therapy, speech-language pathology 
services, or occupational therapy visit in a 60-day period unless the 
physician documents that the interval without such care is appropriate 
to the treatment of the beneficiary's illness or injury.

[59 FR 65494, Dec. 20, 1994, as amended at 65 FR 41210, July 3, 2000]



Sec. 409.44  Skilled services requirements.

    (a) General. The intermediary's decision on whether care is 
reasonable and necessary is based on information provided on the forms 
and in the medical record concerning the unique medical condition of the 
individual beneficiary. A coverage denial is not made solely on the 
basis of the reviewer's general inferences about patients with similar 
diagnoses or on data related to utilization generally but is based upon 
objective clinical evidence regarding the beneficiary's individual need 
for care.
    (b) Skilled nursing care. (1) Skilled nursing care consists of those 
services that must, under State law, be performed by a registered nurse, 
or practical (vocational) nurse, as defined in Sec. 484.4 of this 
chapter, and meet the criteria for skilled nursing services specified in 
Sec. 409.32. See Sec. 409.33(a) and (b) for a description of skilled 
nursing services and examples of them.
    (i) In determining whether a service requires the skill of a 
licensed nurse, consideration must be given to the inherent complexity 
of the service, the condition of the beneficiary, and accepted standards 
of medical and nursing practice.
    (ii) If the nature of a service is such that it can safely and 
effectively be performed by the average nonmedical person without direct 
supervision of a licensed nurse, the service cannot be regarded as a 
skilled nursing service.
    (iii) The fact that a skilled nursing service can be or is taught to 
the beneficiary or to the beneficiary's family or friends does not 
negate the skilled aspect of the service when performed by the nurse.
    (iv) If the service could be performed by the average nonmedical 
person, the absence of a competent person to perform it does not cause 
it to be a skilled nursing service.
    (2) The skilled nursing care must be provided on a part-time or 
intermittent basis.
    (3) The skilled nursing services must be reasonable and necessary 
for the treatment of the illness or injury.

[[Page 305]]

    (i) To be considered reasonable and necessary, the services must be 
consistent with the nature and severity of the beneficiary's illness or 
injury, his or her particular medical needs, and accepted standards of 
medical and nursing practice.
    (ii) The skilled nursing care provided to the beneficiary must be 
reasonable within the context of the beneficiary's condition.
    (iii) The determination of whether skilled nursing care is 
reasonable and necessary must be based solely upon the beneficiary's 
unique condition and individual needs, without regard to whether the 
illness or injury is acute, chronic, terminal, or expected to last a 
long time.
    (c) Physical therapy, speech-language pathology services, and 
occupational therapy. To be covered, physical therapy, speech-language 
pathology services, and occupational therapy must satisfy the criteria 
in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section. Occupational therapy 
services initially qualify for home health coverage only if they are 
part of a plan of care that also includes intermittent skilled nursing 
care, physical therapy, or speech-language pathology services as 
follows:
    (1) Speech-language pathology services and physical or occupational 
therapy services must relate directly and specifically to a treatment 
regimen (established by the physician, after any needed consultation 
with the qualified therapist) that is designed to treat the 
beneficiary's illness or injury. Services related to activities for the 
general physical welfare of beneficiaries (for example, exercises to 
promote overall fitness) do not constitute physical therapy, 
occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services for Medicare 
purposes.
    (2) Physical and occupational therapy and speech-language pathology 
services must be reasonable and necessary. To be considered reasonable 
and necessary, the following conditions must be met:
    (i) The services must be considered under accepted standards of 
medical practice to be a specific, safe, and effective treatment for the 
beneficiary's condition.
    (ii) The services must be of such a level of complexity and 
sophistication or the condition of the beneficiary must be such that the 
services required can safely and effectively be performed only by a 
qualified physical therapist or by a qualified physical therapy 
assistant under the supervision of a qualified physical therapist, by a 
qualified speech-language pathologist, or by a qualified occupational 
therapist or a qualified occupational therapy assistant under the 
supervision of a qualified occupational therapist (as defined in Sec. 
484.4 of this chapter). Services that do not require the performance or 
supervision of a physical therapist or an occupational therapist are not 
considered reasonable or necessary physical therapy or occupational 
therapy services, even if they are performed by or supervised by a 
physical therapist or occupational therapist. Services that do not 
require the skills of a speech-language pathologist are not considered 
to be reasonable and necessary speech-language pathology services even 
if they are performed by or supervised by a speech-language pathologist.
    (iii) There must be an expectation that the beneficiary's condition 
will improve materially in a reasonable (and generally predictable) 
period of time based on the physician's assessment of the beneficiary's 
restoration potential and unique medical condition, or the services must 
be necessary to establish a safe and effective maintenance program 
required in connection with a specific disease, or the skills of a 
therapist must be necessary to perform a safe and effective maintenance 
program. If the services are for the establishment of a maintenance 
program, they may include the design of the program, the instruction of 
the beneficiary, family, or home health aides, and the necessary 
infrequent reevaluations of the beneficiary and the program to the 
degree that the specialized knowledge and judgment of a physical 
therapist, speech-language pathologist, or occupational therapist is 
required.
    (iv) The amount, frequency, and duration of the services must be 
reasonable.

[59 FR 65494, Dec. 20, 1994]

[[Page 306]]



Sec. 409.45  Dependent services requirements.

    (a) General. Services discussed in paragraphs (b) through (g) of 
this section may be covered only if the beneficiary needs skilled 
nursing care on an intermittent basis, as described in Sec. 409.44(b); 
physical therapy or speech-language pathology services as described in 
Sec. 409.44(c); or has a continuing need for occupational therapy 
services as described in Sec. 409.44(c) if the beneficiary's 
eligibility for home health services has been established by virtue of a 
prior need for intermittent skilled nursing care, speech-language 
pathology services, or physical therapy in the current or prior 
certification period; and otherwise meets the qualifying criteria 
(confined to the home, under the care of a physician, in need of skilled 
services, and under a plan of care) specified in Sec. 409.42. Home 
health coverage is not available for services furnished to a beneficiary 
who is no longer in need of one of the qualifying skilled services 
specified in this paragraph. Therefore, dependent services furnished 
after the final qualifying skilled service are not covered, except when 
the dependent service was not followed by a qualifying skilled service 
as a result of the unexpected inpatient admission or death of the 
beneficiary, or due to some other unanticipated event.
    (b) Home health aide services. To be covered, home health aide 
services must meet each of the following requirements:
    (1) The reason for the visits by the home health aide must be to 
provide hands-on personal care to the beneficiary or services that are 
needed to maintain the beneficiary's health or to facilitate treatment 
of the beneficiary's illness or injury. The physician's order must 
indicate the frequency of the home health aide services required by the 
beneficiary. These services may include but are not limited to:
    (i) Personal care services such as bathing, dressing, grooming, 
caring for hair, nail and oral hygiene that are needed to facilitate 
treatment or to prevent deterioration of the beneficiary's health, 
changing the bed linens of an incontinent beneficiary, shaving, 
deodorant application, skin care with lotions and/or powder, foot care, 
ear care, feeding, assistance with elimination (including enemas unless 
the skills of a licensed nurse are required due to the beneficiary's 
condition, routine catheter care, and routine colostomy care), 
assistance with ambulation, changing position in bed, and assistance 
with transfers.
    (ii) Simple dressing changes that do not require the skills of a 
licensed nurse.
    (iii) Assistance with medications that are ordinarily self-
administered and that do not require the skills of a licensed nurse to 
be provided safely and effectively.
    (iv) Assistance with activities that are directly supportive of 
skilled therapy services but do not require the skills of a therapist to 
be safely and effectively performed, such as routine maintenance 
exercises and repetitive practice of functional communication skills to 
support speech-language pathology services.
    (v) Routine care of prosthetic and orthotic devices.
    (2) The services to be provided by the home health aide must be--
    (i) Ordered by a physician in the plan of care; and
    (ii) Provided by the home health aide on a part-time or intermittent 
basis.
    (3) The services provided by the home health aide must be reasonable 
and necessary. To be considered reasonable and necessary, the services 
must--
    (i) Meet the requirement for home health aide services in paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section;
    (ii) Be of a type the beneficiary cannot perform for himself or 
herself; and
    (iii) Be of a type that there is no able or willing caregiver to 
provide, or, if there is a potential caregiver, the beneficiary is 
unwilling to use the services of that individual.
    (4) The home health aide also may perform services incidental to a 
visit that was for the provision of care as described in paragraphs 
(b)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section. For example, these incidental 
services may include changing bed linens, personal laundry, or preparing 
a light meal.

[[Page 307]]

    (c) Medical social services. Medical social services may be covered 
if the following requirements are met:
    (1) The services are ordered by a physician and included in the plan 
of care.
    (2)(i) The services are necessary to resolve social or emotional 
problems that are expected to be an impediment to the effective 
treatment of the beneficiary's medical condition or to his or her rate 
of recovery.
    (ii) If these services are furnished to a beneficiary's family 
member or caregiver, they are furnished on a short-term basis and it can 
be demonstrated that the service is necessary to resolve a clear and 
direct impediment to the effective treatment of the beneficiary's 
medical condition or to his or her rate of recovery.
    (3) The frequency and nature of the medical social services are 
reasonable and necessary to the treatment of the beneficiary's 
condition.
    (4) The medical social services are furnished by a qualified social 
worker or qualified social work assistant under the supervision of a 
social worker as defined in Sec. 484.4 of this chapter.
    (5) The services needed to resolve the problems that are impeding 
the beneficiary's recovery require the skills of a social worker or a 
social work assistant under the supervision of a social worker to be 
performed safely and effectively.
    (d) Occupational therapy. Occupational therapy services that are not 
qualifying services under Sec. 409.44(c) are nevertheless covered as 
dependent services if the requirements of Sec. 409.44(c)(2)(i) through 
(iv), as to reasonableness and necessity, are met.
    (e) Durable medical equipment. Durable medical equipment in 
accordance with Sec. 410.38 of this chapter, which describes the scope 
and conditions of payment for durable medical equipment under Part B, 
may be covered under the home health benefit as either a Part A or Part 
B service. Durable medical equipment furnished by an HHA as a home 
health service is always covered by Part A if the beneficiary is 
entitled to Part A.
    (f) Medical supplies. Medical supplies (including catheters, 
catheter supplies, ostomy bags, and supplies relating to ostomy care but 
excluding drugs and biologicals) may be covered as a home health 
benefit. For medical supplies to be covered as a Medicare home health 
benefit, the medical supplies must be needed to treat the beneficiary's 
illness or injury that occasioned the home health care.
    (g) Intern and resident services. The medical services of interns 
and residents in training under an approved hospital teaching program 
are covered if the services are ordered by the physician who is 
responsible for the plan of care and the HHA is affiliated with or under 
the common control of the hospital furnishing the medical services.

Approved means--
    (1) Approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical 
Education;
    (2) In the case of an osteopathic hospital, approved by the 
Committee on Hospitals of the Bureau of Professional Education of the 
American Osteopathic Association;
    (3) In the case of an intern or resident-in-training in the field of 
dentistry, approved by the Council on Dental Education of the American 
Dental Association; or
    (4) In the case of an intern or resident-in-training in the field of 
podiatry, approved by the Council on Podiatric Medical Education of the 
American Podiatric Medical Association.

[59 FR 65495, Dec. 20, 1994; 60 FR 39122, 39123, Aug. 1, 1995]



Sec. 409.46  Allowable administrative costs.

    Services that are allowable as administrative costs but are not 
separately billable include, but are not limited to, the following:
    (a) Registered nurse initial evaluation visits. Initial evaluation 
visits by a registered nurse for the purpose of assessing a 
beneficiary's health needs, determining if the agency can meet those 
health needs, and formulating a plan of care for the beneficiary are 
allowable administrative costs. If a physician specifically orders that 
a particular skilled service be furnished during the evaluation in which 
the agency accepts the beneficiary for treatment and all other coverage 
criteria are met, the visit is billable as a skilled nursing

[[Page 308]]

visit. Otherwise it is considered to be an administrative cost.
    (b) Visits by registered nurses or qualified professionals for the 
supervision of home health aides. Visits by registered nurses or 
qualified professionals for the purpose of supervising home health aides 
as required at Sec. 484.36(d) of this chapter are allowable 
administrative costs. Only if the registered nurse or qualified 
professional visits the beneficiary for the purpose of furnishing care 
that meets the coverage criteria at Sec. 409.44, and the supervisory 
visit occurs simultaneously with the provision of covered care, is the 
visit billable as a skilled nursing or therapist's visit.
    (c) Respiratory care services. If a respiratory therapist is used to 
furnish overall training or consultative advice to an HHA's staff and 
incidentally provides respiratory therapy services to beneficiaries in 
their homes, the costs of the respiratory therapist's services are 
allowable as administrative costs. Visits by a respiratory therapist to 
a beneficiary's home are not separately billable. However, respiratory 
therapy services that are furnished as part of a plan of care by a 
skilled nurse or physical therapist and that constitute skilled care may 
be separately billed as skilled visits.
    (d) Dietary and nutrition personnel. If dieticians or nutritionists 
are used to provide overall training or consultative advice to HHA staff 
and incidentally provide dietetic or nutritional services to 
beneficiaries in their homes, the costs of these professional services 
are allowable as administrative costs. Visits by a dietician or 
nutritionist to a beneficiary's home are not separately billable.

[59 FR 65496, Dec. 20, 1994]



Sec. 409.47  Place of service requirements.

    To be covered, home health services must be furnished in either the 
beneficiary's home or an outpatient setting as defined in this section.
    (a) Beneficiary's home. A beneficiary's home is any place in which a 
beneficiary resides that is not a hospital, SNF, or nursing facility as 
defined in sections 1861(e)(1), 1819(a)(1), of 1919(a)(1) of the Act, 
respectively.
    (b) Outpatient setting. For purposes of coverage of home health 
services, an outpatient setting may include a hospital, SNF or a 
rehabilitation center with which the HHA has an arrangement in 
accordance with the requirements of Sec. 484.14(h) of this chapter and 
that is used by the HHA to provide services that either--
    (1) Require equipment that cannot be made available at the 
beneficiary's home; or
    (2) Are furnished while the beneficiary is at the facility to 
receive services requiring equipment described in paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section.

[59 FR 65496, Dec. 20, 1994]



Sec. 409.48  Visits.

    (a) Number of allowable visits under Part A. To the extent that all 
coverage requirements specified in this subpart are met, payment may be 
made on behalf of eligible beneficiaries under Part A for an unlimited 
number of covered home health visits. All Medicare home health services 
are covered under hospital insurance unless there is no Part A 
entitlement.
    (b) Number of visits under Part B. To the extent that all coverage 
requirements specified in this subpart are met, payment may be made on 
behalf of eligible beneficiaries under Part B for an unlimited number of 
covered home health visits. Medicare home health services are covered 
under Part B only when the beneficiary is not entitled to coverage under 
Part A.
    (c) Definition of visit. A visit is an episode of personal contact 
with the beneficiary by staff of the HHA or others under arrangements 
with the HHA, for the purpose of providing a covered service.
    (1) Generally, one visit may be covered each time an HHA employee or 
someone providing home health services under arrangements enters the 
beneficiary's home and provides a covered service to a beneficiary who 
meets the criteria of Sec. 409.42 (confined to the home, under the care 
of a physician, in need of skilled services, and under a plan of care).
    (2) If the HHA furnishes services in an outpatient facility under 
arrangements with the facility, one visit may be covered for each type 
of service provided.

[[Page 309]]

    (3) If two individuals are needed to provide a service, two visits 
may be covered. If two individuals are present, but only one is needed 
to provide the care, only one visit may be covered.
    (4) A visit is initiated with the delivery of covered home health 
services and ends at the conclusion of delivery of covered home health 
services. In those circumstances in which all reasonable and necessary 
home health services cannot be provided in the course of a single visit, 
HHA staff or others providing services under arrangements with the HHA 
may remain at the beneficiary's residence between visits (for example, 
to provide non-covered services). However, if all covered services could 
be provided in the course of one visit, only one visit may be covered.

[59 FR 65497, Dec. 20, 1994]



Sec. 409.49  Excluded services.

    (a) Drugs and biologicals. Drugs and biologicals are excluded from 
payment under the Medicare home health benefit.
    (1) A drug is any chemical compound that may be used on or 
administered to humans or animals as an aid in the diagnosis, treatment 
or prevention of disease or other condition or for the relief of pain or 
suffering or to control or improve any physiological pathologic 
condition.
    (2) A biological is any medicinal preparation made from living 
organisms and their products including, but not limited to, serums, 
vaccines, antigens, and antitoxins.
    (b) Transportation. The transportation of beneficiaries, whether to 
receive covered care or for other purposes, is excluded from home health 
coverage. Costs of transportation of equipment, materials, supplies, or 
staff may be allowable as administrative costs, but no separate payment 
is made for them.
    (c) Services that would not be covered as inpatient services. 
Services that would not be covered if furnished as inpatient hospital 
services are excluded from home health coverage.
    (d) Housekeeping services. Services whose sole purpose is to enable 
the beneficiary to continue residing in his or her home (for example, 
cooking, shopping, Meals on Wheels, cleaning, laundry) are excluded from 
home health coverage.
    (e) Services covered under the End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) 
program. Services that are covered under the ESRD program and are 
contained in the composite rate reimbursement methodology, including any 
service furnished to a Medicare ESRD beneficiary that is directly 
related to that individual's dialysis, are excluded from coverage under 
the Medicare home health benefit.
    (f) Prosthetic devices. Items that meet the requirements of Sec. 
410.36(a)(2) of this chapter for prosthetic devices covered under Part B 
are excluded from home health coverage. Catheters, catheter supplies, 
ostomy bags, and supplies relating to ostomy care are not considered 
prosthetic devices if furnished under a home health plan of care and are 
not subject to this exclusion from coverage.
    (g) Medical social services provided to family members. Except as 
provided in Sec. 409.45(c)(2), medical social services provided solely 
to members of the beneficiary's family and that are not incidental to 
covered medical social services being provided to the beneficiary are 
not covered.

[59 FR 65497, Dec. 20, 1994; 60 FR 39123, Aug. 1, 1995]



Sec. 409.50  Coinsurance for durable medical equipment (DME) furnished as a 
home health service.

    The coinsurance liability of the beneficiary or other person for DME 
furnished as a home health service is 20 percent of the customary 
(insofar as reasonable) charge for the services.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986. Redesignated at 59 FR 65496, Dec. 20, 1994]



             Subpart F_Scope of Hospital Insurance Benefits



Sec. 409.60  Benefit periods.

    (a) When benefit periods begin. The initial benefit period begins on 
the day the beneficiary receives inpatient hospital, inpatient CAH, or 
SNF services for the first time after becoming entitled to hospital 
insurance. Thereafter, a new benefit period begins whenever

[[Page 310]]

the beneficiary receives inpatient hospital, inpatient CAH, or SNF 
services after he or she has ended a benefit period as described in 
paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) When benefit periods end--(1) A benefit period ends when a 
beneficiary has, for at least 60 consecutive days not been an inpatient 
in any of the following:
    (i) A hospital that meets the requirements of section 1861(e)(1) of 
the Act.
    (ii) A CAH that meets the requirements of section 1820 of the Act.
    (iii) A SNF that meets the requirements of sections 1819(a)(1) or 
1861(y) of the Act.
    (2) For purposes of ending a benefit period, a beneficiary was an 
inpatient of a SNF if his or her care in the SNF met the skilled level 
of care requirements specified in Sec. 409.31(b) (1) and (3).
    (c) Presumptions. (1) For purposes of determining whether a 
beneficiary was an inpatient of a SNF under paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section--
    (i) A beneficiary's care met the skilled level of care requirements 
if inpatient SNF claims were paid for those services under Medicare or 
Medicaid, unless:
    (A) Such payments were made under Sec. 411.400 or Medicaid 
administratively necessary days provisions which result in payment for 
care not meeting the skilled level of care requirements, or
    (B) A Medicare denial and a Medicaid payment are made for the same 
period, in which case the presumption in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 
section applies;
    (ii) A beneficiary's care met the skilled level of care requirements 
if a SNF claim was paid under section 1879(e) of the Social Security 
Act;
    (iii) A beneficiary's care did not meet the skilled level of care 
requirements if a SNF claim was paid for the services under Sec. 
411.400;
    (iv) A beneficiary's care did not meet the skilled level of care 
requirements if a Medicaid SNF claim was denied on the grounds that the 
services were not at the skilled level of care (even if paid under 
applicable Medicaid administratively necessary days provisions which 
result in payment for care not meeting the skilled level of care 
requirements);
    (2) For purposes of determining whether a beneficiary was an 
inpatient of a SNF under paragraph (b)(2) of this section a 
beneficiary's care in a SNF is presumed--
    (i) To have met the skilled level of care requirements during any 
period for which the beneficiary was assigned to one of the Resource 
Utilization Groups designated as representing the required level of 
care, as provided in Sec. 409.30.
    (ii) To have met the skilled level of care requirements if a 
Medicaid or Medicare claim was denied on grounds other than that the 
services were not at the skilled level of care;
    (iii) Not to have met the skilled level of care requirements if a 
Medicare SNF claim was denied on the grounds that the services were not 
at the skilled level of care and payment was not made under Sec. 
411.400; or
    (iv) Not to have met the skilled level of care requirements if no 
Medicare or Medicaid claim was submitted by the SNF.
    (3) If information upon which to base a presumption is not readily 
available, the intermediary may, at its discretion review the 
beneficiary's medical records to determine whether he or she was an 
inpatient of a SNF as set forth under paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (4) When the intermediary makes a benefit period determination based 
upon paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the beneficiary may seek to 
reverse the benefit period determination by timely appealing the prior 
Medicare SNF claim determination under part 405, subpart G of this 
chapter, or the prior Medicaid SNF claim under part 431, subpart E of 
this chapter.
    (5) When the intermediary makes a benefit period determination under 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the beneficiary will be notified of 
the basis for the determination, and of his or her right to present 
evidence to rebut the determination that the skilled level of care 
requirements specified in Sec. 409.31 (b)(1) and (b)(3) were or were 
not met on reconsideration and appeal under 42 CFR, part 405, subpart G 
of this chapter.
    (d) Limitation on benefit period determinations. When the 
intermediary considers the same prior SNF stay of a

[[Page 311]]

particular beneficiary in making benefit period determinations for more 
than one inpatient Medicare claim--
    (1) Medicare will recognize only the initial level of care 
characterization for that prior SNF stay (or if appealed under 42 CFR 
part 405, subpart G of this chapter, the level of care determined under 
appeal); or
    (2) If part of a prior SNF stay has one level of care 
characterization and another part has another level of care 
characterization, Medicare will recognize only the initial level of care 
characterization for a particular part of a prior SNF stay (or if 
appealed under 42 CFR part 405, subpart G of this chapter, the level of 
care determined under appeal).
    (e) Relation of benefit period to benefit limitations. The 
limitations specified in Sec. Sec. 409.61 and 409.64, and the 
deductible and coinsurance requirements set forth in subpart G of this 
part apply for each benefit period. The limitations of Sec. 409.63 
apply only to the initial benefit period.

[52 FR 22645, June 15, 1987; 52 FR 28824, Aug. 4, 1987, as amended at 58 
FR 30667, May 26, 1993; 63 FR 26307, May 12, 1998; 70 FR 45055, Aug. 4, 
2005]



Sec. 409.61  General limitations on amount of benefits.

    (a) Inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH services--(1) Regular 
benefit days. Up to 90 days are available in each benefit period, 
subject to the limitations on days for psychiatric hospital services set 
forth in Sec. Sec. 409.62 and 409.63.
    (i) For the first 60 days (referred to in this subpart as full 
benefit days), Medicare pays the hospital or CAH for all covered 
services furnished the beneficiary, except for a deductible which is the 
beneficiary's responsibility. (Section 409.82 specifies the requirements 
for the inpatient hospital deductible.)
    (ii) For the next 30 days (referred to in this subpart as 
coinsurance days), Medicare pays for all covered services except for a 
daily coinsurance amount, which is the beneficiary's responsibility. 
(Section 409.83 specifies the inpatient hospital coinsurance amounts.)
    (2) Lifetime reserve days. Each beneficiary has a non-renewable 
lifetime reserve of 60 days of inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH 
services that he may draw upon whenever he is hospitalized for more than 
90 days in a benefit period. Upon exhaustion of the regular benefit 
days, the reserve days will be used unless the beneficiary elects not to 
use them, as provided in Sec. 409.65. For lifetime reserve days, 
Medicare pays for all covered services except for a daily coinsurance 
amount that is the beneficiary's responsibility. (See Sec. 409.83.)
    (3) Order of payment for inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH 
services. Medicare pays for inpatient hospital services in the following 
order.
    (i) The 60 full benefit days;
    (ii) The 30 coinsurance days;
    (iii) The remaining lifetime reserve days.
    (b) Posthospital SNF care furnished by a SNF, or by a hospital or a 
CAH with a swing-bed approval. Up to 100 days are available in each 
benefit period after discharge from a hospital or CAH. For the first 20 
days, Medicare pays for all covered services. For the 21st through 100th 
day, Medicare pays for all covered services except for a daily 
coinsurance amount that is the beneficiary's responsibility.
    (c) Renewal of inpatient benefits. The beneficiary's full 
entitlement to the 90 inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH regular 
benefit days, and the 100 SNF benefit days, is renewed each time he or 
she begins a benefit period. However, once lifetime reserve days are 
used, they can never be renewed.
    (d) Home health services. Medicare Part A pays for all covered home 
health services\1\ with no deductible, and subject to the following 
limitations on payment for durable medical equipment (DME):
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Before July 1, 1981, Medicare Part A paid for not more than 100 
home health visits during one year following the beneficiary's most 
recent discharge from a hospital or a SNF.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (1) For DME furnished by an HHA that is a nominal charge provider, 
Medicare Part A pays 80 percent of fair compensation.
    (2) For DME furnished by an HHA that is not a nominal charge 
provider, Medicare Part A pays the lesser of the following:
    (i) 80 percent of the reasonable cost of the service.

[[Page 312]]

    (ii) The reasonable cost of, or the customary charge for, the 
service, whichever is less, minus 20 percent of the customary (insofar 
as reasonable) charge for the service.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986; 
54 FR 4027, Jan. 27, 1989; 58 FR 30666, 30667, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.62  Lifetime maximum on inpatient psychiatric care.

    There is a lifetime maximum of 190 days on inpatient psychiatric 
hospital services available to any beneficiary. Therefore, once an 
individual receives benefits for 190 days of care in a psychiatric 
hospital, no further benefits of that type are available to that 
individual.



Sec. 409.63  Reduction of inpatient psychiatric benefit days available in the initial benefit period.

    (a) Reduction rule. (1) If the individual was an inpatient in a 
psychiatric hospital on the first day of Medicare entitlement and for 
any of the 150 days immediately before that first day of entitlement, 
those days are subtracted from the 150 days (90 regular days plus 60 
lifetime reserve days) which would otherwise be available in the initial 
benefit period for inpatient psychiatric services in a psychiatric or 
general hospital.
    (2) Reduction is required only if the hospital was participating in 
Medicare as a psychiatric hospital on the individual's first day of 
entitlement.
    (3) The reduction applies only to the beneficiary's first benefit 
period. For subsequent benefit periods, the 90 benefit days, plus any 
remaining lifetime reserve days, subject to the 190 day lifetime limit 
on psychiatric hospital care, are available.
    (b) Application to general hospital days. (1) Days spent in a 
general hospital before entitlement are not subtracted under paragraph 
(a) of this section even if the stay was for diagnosis or treatment of 
mental illness.
    (2) After entitlement, all psychiatric care days, whether in a 
general or a psychiatric hospital, are counted toward the number of days 
available in the initial benefit period.
    (c) Examples: (1) The individual was an inpatient of a participating 
psychiatric hospital for 20 days before the first day of entitlement and 
remained there for another 6 months. Therefore, 130 days of benefits 
(150 minus 20) are payable. Payment could be made for: 60 full benefit 
days, 30 coinsurance days, and 40 lifetime reserve days.
    (2) During the 150-day period preceding Medicare entitlement, an 
individual had been a patient of a general hospital for 60 days of 
inpatient psychiatric care and had spent 90 days in a psychiatric 
hospital, ending with the first day of entitlement. During the initial 
benefit period, the beneficiary spent 90 days in a general hospital and 
received psychiatric care there. The 60 days spent in the general 
hospital for psychiatric treatment before entitlement do not reduce the 
benefits available in the first benefit period. Only the 90 days spent 
in the psychiatric hospital before entitlement reduce such benefits, 
leaving a total of 60 available psychiatric days. However, after 
entitlement, the reduction applies not only to days spent in a 
psychiatric hospital, but also to days of psychiatric treatment in a 
general hospital. Thus, Medicare payment could be made only for 60 of 
the 90 days spent in the general hospital.
    (3) An individual was admitted to a general hospital for a mental 
condition and, after 10 days, transferred to a participating psychiatric 
hospital. The individual remained in the psychiatric hospital for 78 
days before becoming entitled to hospital insurance benefits and for 130 
days after entitlement. The beneficiary was then transferred to a 
general hospital and received treatment of a medical condition for 20 
days. The 10 days spent in the general hospital during the 150-day pre-
entitlement period have no effect on the inpatient hospital benefit days 
available to the individual for psychiatric care in the first benefit 
period, even though the general hospital stay was for a mental 
condition. Only the 78 days spent in the psychiatric hospital during the 
pre-entitlement period are subtracted from the 150 benefit days. 
Accordingly, the individual has 72 days of psychiatric care (150 days 
less 78 days) available in the first benefit period. Benefits could be 
paid for the individual's hospitalization during the first

[[Page 313]]

benefit period in the following manner. For the 130-day psychiatric 
hospital stay, 72 days (60 full benefit days and 12 coinsurance days), 
and for the general hospital stay, 20 days (18 coinsurance and 2 
lifetime reserve days).



Sec. 409.64  Services that are counted toward allowable amounts.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section for lifetime 
reserve days, all covered inpatient days and home health visits are 
counted toward the allowable amounts specified in Sec. Sec. 409.61 
through 409.63 if--
    (1) They are paid for by Medicare; or
    (2) They would be paid for by Medicare if the following requirements 
had been met:
    (i) A proper and timely request for payment had been filed; and
    (ii) The hospital, CAH, SNF, or home health agency had submitted all 
necessary evidence, including physician certification of need for 
services when such certification was required; or
    (3) They could not be paid for because the total payment due was 
equal to, or less than, the applicable deductible and coinsurance 
amounts.
    (b) Exception. Even though the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section are met, lifetime reserve days are not counted toward the 
allowable amounts if the beneficiary elected or is deemed to have 
elected not to use them as set forth in Sec. 409.65.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30667, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.65  Lifetime reserve days.

    (a) Election not to use lifetime reserve days. (1) Whenever a 
beneficiary has exhausted the 90 regular benefit days, the hospital or 
CAH may bill Medicare for lifetime reserve days unless the beneficiary 
elects not to use them or, in accordance with paragraph (b) of this 
section, is deemed to have elected not to use them.
    (2) It may be advantageous to elect not to use lifetime reserve days 
if the beneficiary has private insurance coverage that begins after the 
first 90 inpatient days in a benefit period, or if the daily charge is 
only slightly higher than the lifetime reserve days coinsurance amount. 
In such cases, the beneficiary may want to save the lifetime reserve 
days for future care that may be more expensive.
    (3) If the beneficiary elects not to use lifetime reserve days for a 
particular hospital or CAH stay, they are still available for a later 
stay. However, once the beneficiary uses lifetime reserve days, they can 
never be renewed.
    (4) If the beneficiary elects not to use lifetime reserve days, the 
hospital or CAH may require him or her to pay for any services furnished 
after the regular days are exhausted.
    (b) Deemed election. A beneficiary will be deemed to have elected 
not to use lifetime reserve days if the average daily charges for such 
days is equal to or less than the applicable coinsurance amount 
specified in Sec. 409.83. A beneficiary would get no benefit from using 
the days under those circumstances.
    (c) Who may file an election. An election not to use reserve days 
may be filed by--
    (1) The beneficiary; or
    (2) If the beneficiary is physically or mentally unable to act, by 
the beneficiary's legal representative. In addition, if some other 
payment source is available, such as private insurance, any person 
authorized under Sec. 405.1664 of this chapter to execute a request for 
payment for the beneficiary may file the election.
    (d) Filing the election. (1) The beneficiary's election not to use 
lifetime reserve days must be filed in writing with the hospital or CAH.
    (2) The election may be filed at the time of admission to the 
hospital or CAH or at any time thereafter up to 90 days after the 
beneficiary's discharge.
    (3) A retroactive election (that is, one made after lifetime reserve 
days have been used because the regular days were exhausted), is not 
acceptable unless it is approved by the hospital or CAH.
    (e) Period covered by election--(1) General rule. Except as provided 
in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, an election not to use lifetime 
reserve days may apply to an entire hospital or CAH stay or to a single 
period of consecutive days in a stay, but cannot apply to selected days 
in a stay. For example, a beneficiary may restrict the election to the 
period covered by private insurance but cannot use individual lifetime

[[Page 314]]

reserve days within that period. If an election not to use reserve days 
is effective after the first day on which reserve days are available, it 
must remain in effect until the end of the stay, unless it is revoked in 
accordance with Sec. 409.66.
    (2) Exception. A beneficiary election not to use lifetime reserve 
days for an inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH stay for which payment 
may be made under the prospective payment system (part 412 of this 
chapter) is subject to the following rules:
    (i) If the beneficiary has one or more regular benefit days (see 
Sec. 409.61(a)(1) of this chapter) remaining in the benefit period upon 
entering the hospital or CAH, an election not to use lifetime reserve 
days will apply automatically to all days that are not outlier days. The 
beneficiary may also elect not to use lifetime reserve days for outlier 
days but this election must apply to all outlier days.
    (ii) If the beneficiary has no regular benefit days (see Sec. 
409.61(a)(1) of this chapter) remaining in the benefit period upon 
entering the hospital or CAH, an election not to use lifetime reserve 
days must apply to the entire hospital or CAH stay.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 39837, Sept. 1, 1983; 
49 FR 323, Jan. 3, 1984; 58 FR 30666, 30667, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.66  Revocation of election not to use lifetime reserve days.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a 
beneficiary (or anyone authorized to execute a request for payment, if 
the beneficiary is incapacitated) may revoke an election not to use 
lifetime reserve days during hospitalization or within 90 days after 
discharge.
    (b) The revocation must be submitted to the hospital or CAH in 
writing and identify the stay or stays to which it applies.
    (c) Exceptions. A revocation of an election not to use lifetime 
reserve days may not be filed--
    (1) After the beneficiary dies; or
    (2) After the hospital or CAH has filed a claim under the 
supplementary medical insurance program (Medicare Part B), for medical 
and other health services furnished to the beneficiary on the days in 
question.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.68  Guarantee of payment for inpatient hospital or inpatient CAH 
services furnished before notification of exhaustion of benefits.

    (a) Conditions for payment. Payment may be made for inpatient 
hospital or inpatient CAH services furnished a beneficiary after he or 
she has exhausted the available benefit days if the following conditions 
are met:
    (1) The services were furnished before CMS or the intermediary 
notified the hospital or CAH that the beneficiary had exhausted the 
available benefit days and was not entitled to have payment made for 
those services.
    (2) At the time the hospital or CAH furnished the services, it was 
unaware that the beneficiary had exhausted the available benefit days 
and could reasonably have assumed that he or she was entitled to have 
payment made for these services.
    (3) Payment would be precluded solely because the beneficiary has no 
benefit days available for the particular hospital or CAH stay.
    (4) The hospital or CAH claims reimbursement for the services and 
refunds any payments made for those services by the beneficiary or by 
another person on his or her behalf.
    (b) Limitations on payment. (1) If all of the conditions in 
paragraph (a) of this section are met, Medicare payment may be made for 
the day of admission, and up to 6 weekdays thereafter, plus any 
intervening Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays.
    (2) Payment may not be made under this section for any day after the 
hospital or CAH is notified that the beneficiary has exhausted the 
available benefit days.
    (c) Recovery from the beneficiary. Any payment made to a hospital or 
CAH under this section is considered an overpayment to the beneficiary 
and may be recovered from him or her under the provisions set forth 
elsewhere in this chapter.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 33033, Aug. 16, 1985; 
58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]

[[Page 315]]



        Subpart G_Hospital Insurance Deductibles and Coinsurance



Sec. 409.80  Inpatient deductible and coinsurance: General provisions.

    (a) What they are. (1) The inpatient deductible and coinsurance 
amounts are portions of the cost of covered hospital or CAH or SNF 
services that Medicare does not pay.
    (2) The hospital or CAH or SNF may charge these amounts to the 
beneficiary or someone on his or her behalf.
    (b) Changes in the inpatient deductible and coinsurance amounts. (1) 
The law requires the Secretary to adjust the inpatient hospital 
deductible each year to reflect changes in the average cost of hospital 
care. In adjusting the deductible, the Secretary must use a formula 
specified in section 1813(b)(2) of the Act. Under that formula, the 
inpatient hospital deductible is increased each year by about the same 
percentage as the increase in the average Medicare daily hospital costs. 
The result of the deductible increase is that the beneficiary continues 
to pay about the same proportion of the hospital bill.
    (2) Since the coinsurance amounts are, by statute, specific 
fractions of the deductible, they change when the deductible changes.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 30666, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.82  Inpatient hospital deductible.

    (a) General provisions--(1) The inpatient hospital deductible is a 
fixed amount chargeable to the beneficiary when he or she receives 
covered services in a hospital or a CAH for the first time in a benefit 
period.
    (2) Although the beneficiary may be hospitalized several times 
during a benefit period, the deductible is charged only once during that 
period. If the beneficiary begins more than one benefit period in the 
same year, a deductible is charged for each of those periods.
    (3) For services furnished before January 1, 1982, the applicable 
deductible is the one in effect when the benefit period began.
    (4) For services furnished after December 31, 1981, the applicable 
deductible is the one in effect during the calendar year in which the 
services were furnished.
    (b) Specific deductible amounts. The specific deductible amounts for 
each calendar year are published in the Federal Register no later than 
October 1 of the preceding year.
    (c) Exception to published amounts. If the total hospital or CAH 
charge is less than the deductible amount applicable for the calendar 
year in which the services were furnished, the amount of the charge is 
the deductible for the year.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 54 FR 4026, Jan. 27, 1989; 58 
FR 30666, 30667, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.83  Inpatient hospital coinsurance.

    (a) General provisions--(1) Inpatient hospital coinsurance is the 
amount chargeable to a beneficiary for each day after the first 60 days 
of inpatient hospital care or inpatient CAH care or both in a benefit 
period.
    (2) For each day from the 61st to the 90th day, the coinsurance 
amount is \1/4\ of the applicable deductible.
    (3) For each day from the 91st to the 150th day (lifetime reserve 
days), the coinsurance amount is \1/2\ of the applicable deductible.
    (4) For coinsurance days before January 1, 1982, the coinsurance 
amount is based on the deductible applicable for the calendar year in 
which the benefit period began. The coinsurance amounts do not change 
during a beneficiary's benefit period even though the coinsurance days 
may fall in a subsequent year for which a higher deductible amount has 
been determined.
    (5) For coinsurance days after December 31, 1981, the coinsurance 
amount is based on the deductible applicable for the calendar year in 
which the services were furnished. For example, if an individual starts 
a benefit period by being admitted to a hospital in 1981 and remains in 
the hospital long enough to use coinsurance days in 1982, the 
coinsurance amount charged for those days is based on the 1982 inpatient 
hospital deductible.
    (b) Specific coinsurance amounts. The specific coinsurance amounts 
for each calendar year are published in the Federal Register no later 
than October 1 of the preceding year.

[[Page 316]]

    (c) Exceptions to published amounts. (1) If the actual charge to the 
patient for the 61st through the 90th day of inpatient hospital or 
inpatient CAH services is less than the coinsurance amount applicable 
for the calendar year in which the services were furnished, the actual 
charge per day is the daily coinsurance amount.
    (2) If the actual charge to the patient for the 91st through the 
150th day (lifetime reserve days) is less than the coinsurance amount 
applicable for the calendar year in which the services were furnished, 
the beneficiary is deemed to have elected not to use the days because he 
or she would not benefit from using them.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 54 FR 4026, Jan. 27, 1989; 58 
FR 30666, 30667, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.85  Skilled nursing facility (SNF) care coinsurance.

    (a) General provisions. (1) SNF care coinsurance is the amount 
chargeable to a beneficiary after the first 20 days of SNF care in a 
benefit period.
    (2) For each day from the 21st through the 100th day, the 
coinsurance is \1/8\ of the applicable inpatient hospital deductible.
    (3) For coinsurance days before January 1, 1982, the coinsurance 
amount is based on the deductible applicable for the year in which the 
benefit period began. The coinsurance amounts do not change during a 
beneficiary's benefit period even though the coinsurance days may fall 
in a subsequent year for which a higher deductible amount has been 
determined.
    (4) For coinsurance days after December 31, 1981, the coinsurance 
amount is based on the deductible applicable for the calendar year in 
which the services were furnished.
    (b) Specific coinsurance amounts. The specific SNF coinsurance 
amounts for each calendar year are published in the Federal Register no 
later than October 1 of the preceding year.
    (c) Exception to published amounts. If the actual charge to the 
patient is less than the coinsurance amount applicable for the calendar 
year in which the services were furnished, the actual charge per day is 
the daily coinsurance.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 54 FR 4026, Jan. 27, 1989]



Sec. 409.87  Blood deductible.

    (a) General provisions. (1) As used in this section, packed red 
cells means the red blood cells that remain after plasma is separated 
from whole blood.
    (2) A unit of packed red cells is treated as the equivalent of a 
unit of whole blood.
    (3) Medicare does not pay for the first 3 units of whole blood or 
units of packed red cells that a beneficiary receives, during a calendar 
year, as an inpatient of a hospital or CAH or SNF, or on an outpatient 
basis under Medicare Part B.
    (4) The deductible does not apply to other blood components such as 
platelets, fibrinogen, plasma, gamma globulin, and serum albumin, or to 
the cost of processing, storing, and administering blood.
    (5) The blood deductible is in addition to the inpatient hospital 
deductible and daily coinsurance.
    (6) The Part A blood deductible is reduced to the extent that the 
Part B blood deductible has been applied. For example, if a beneficiary 
had received one unit under Medicare Part B, and later in the same 
benefit period received three units under Medicare Part A, Medicare Part 
A would pay for the third of the latter units. (As specified in Sec. 
410.161 of this chapter, the Part B blood deductible is reduced to the 
extent a blood deductible has been applied under Medicare Part A.)
    (b) Beneficiary's responsibility for the first 3 units of whole 
blood or packed red cells--(1) Basic rule. Except as specified in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the beneficiary is responsible for the 
first 3 units of whole blood or packed red cells. He or she has the 
option of paying the hospital's or CAH's charges for the blood or packed 
red cells or arranging for it to be replaced.
    (2) Exception. The beneficiary is not responsible for the first 3 
units of whole blood or packed red cells if the provider obtained that 
blood or red cells at no charge other than a processing or service 
charge. In that case,

[[Page 317]]

the blood or red cells is deemed to have been replaced.
    (c) Provider's right to charge for the first 3 units of whole blood 
or packed red cells--(1) Basic rule. Except as specified in paragraph 
(c)(2) of this section, a provider may charge a beneficiary its 
customary charge for any of the first 3 units of whole blood or packed 
red cells.
    (2) Exception. A provider may not charge the beneficiary for the 
first 3 units of whole blood or packed red cells in any of the following 
circumstances:
    (i) The blood or packed red cells has been replaced.
    (ii) The provider (or its blood supplier) receives, from an 
individual or a blood bank, a replacement offer that meets the criteria 
specified in paragraph (d) of this section. The provider is precluded 
from charging even if it or its blood supplier rejects the replacement 
offer.
    (iii) The provider obtained the blood or packed red cells at no 
charge other than a processing or service charge and it is therefore 
deemed to have been replaced.
    (d) Criteria for replacement of blood. A blood replacement offer 
made by a beneficiary, or an individual or a blood bank on behalf of a 
beneficiary, discharges the beneficiary's obligation to pay for 
deductible blood or packed red cells if the replacement blood meets the 
applicable criteria specified in Food and Drug Administration 
regulations under 21 CFR part 640, i.e.--
    (1) The replacement blood would not endanger the health of a 
recipient; and
    (2) The prospective donor's health would not be endangered by making 
a blood donation.

[48 FR 12541, Mar. 25, 1983, as amended at 56 FR 8840, Mar. 1, 1991; 57 
FR 36014, Aug. 12, 1992; 58 FR 30666, 30667, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 409.89  Exemption of kidney donors from deductible and coinsurance 
requirements.

    The deductible and coinsurance requirements set forth in this 
subpart do not apply to any services furnished to an individual in 
connection with the donation of a kidney for transplant surgery.



            Subpart H_Payment of Hospital Insurance Benefits

    Source: 53 FR 6633, Mar. 2, 1988, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 409.100  To whom payment is made.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section--
    (1) Medicare pays hospital insurance benefits only to a 
participating provider.
    (2) For home health services (including medical supplies described 
in section 1861(m)(5) of the Act, but excluding durable medical 
equipment to the extent provided for in such section) furnished to an 
individual who at the time the item or service is furnished is under a 
plan of care of an HHA, payment is made to the HHA (without regard to 
whether the item or service is furnished by the HHA directly, under 
arrangement with the HHA, or under any other contracting or consulting 
arrangement).
    (b) Exceptions. Medicare may pay hospital insurance benefits as 
follows:
    (1) For emergency services furnished by a nonparticipating hospital, 
to the hospital or to the beneficiary, under the conditions prescribed 
in subpart G of part 424 of this chapter.
    (2) For services furnished by a Canadian or Mexican hospital, to the 
hospital or to the beneficiary, under the conditions prescribed in 
subpart H of part 424 of this chapter.

[53 FR 6633, Mar. 2, 1988, as amended at 65 FR 41211, July 3, 2000]



Sec. 409.102  Amounts of payment.

    (a) The amounts Medicare pays for hospital insurance benefits are 
generally determined in accordance with part 412 or part 413 of this 
chapter.
    (b) Except as provided in Sec. Sec. 409.61(d) and 409.89, hospital 
insurance benefits are subject to the deductible and coinsurance 
requirements set forth in subpart G of this part.

[[Page 318]]



PART 410_SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE (SMI) BENEFITS--Table of Contents




                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
410.1 Basis and scope.
410.2 Definitions.
410.3 Scope of benefits.
410.5 Other applicable rules.

               Subpart B_Medical and Other Health Services

410.10 Medical and other health services: Included services.
410.12 Medical and other health services: Basic conditions and 
          limitations.
410.14 Special requirements for services furnished outside the United 
          States.
410.16 Initial preventive physical examination: Conditions for and 
          limitations on coverage.
410.17 Cardiovascular disease screening tests.
410.18 Diabetes screening tests.
410.20 Physicians' services.
410.21 Limitations on services of a chiropractor.
410.22 Limitations on services of an optometrist.
410.23 Screening for glaucoma: Conditions for and limitations on 
          coverage
410.24 Limitations on services of a doctor of dental surgery or dental 
          medicine.
410.25 Limitations on services of a podiatrist.
410.26 Services and supplies incident to a physician's professional 
          services: Conditions.
410.27 Outpatient hospital services and supplies incident to a physician 
          service: Conditions.
410.28 Hospital or CAH diagnostic services furnished to outpatients: 
          Conditions.
410.29 Limitations on drugs and biologicals.
410.30 Prescription drugs used in immunosuppressive therapy.
410.31 Bone mass measurement: Conditions for coverage and frequency 
          standards.
410.32 Diagnostic X-ray tests, diagnostic laboratory tests, and other 
          diagnostic tests: Conditions.
410.33 Independent diagnostic testing facility.
410.34 Mammography services: Conditions for and limitations on coverage.
410.35 X-ray therapy and other radiation therapy services: Scope.
410.36 Medical supplies, appliances, and devices: Scope.
410.37 Colorectal cancer screening tests: Conditions for and limitations 
          on coverage.
410.38 Durable medical equipment: Scope and conditions.
410.39 Prostate cancer screening tests: Conditions for and limitations 
          on coverage.
410.40 Coverage of ambulance services.
410.41 Requirements for ambulance suppliers.
410.42 Limitations on coverage of certain services furnished to hospital 
          outpatients.
410.43 Partial hospitalization services: Conditions and exclusions.
410.45 Rural health clinic services: Scope and conditions.
410.46 Physician and other practitioner services furnished in or at the 
          direction of an IHS or Indian tribal hospital or clinic: Scope 
          and conditions.
410.50 Institutional dialysis services and supplies: Scope and 
          conditions.
410.52 Home dialysis services, supplies, and equipment: Scope and 
          conditions.
410.55 Services related to kidney donations: Conditions.
410.56 Screening pelvic examinations.
410.57 Pneumococcal vaccine and flu vaccine.
410.58 Additional services to HMO and CMP enrollees.
410.59 Outpatient occupational therapy services: Conditions.
410.60 Outpatient physical therapy services: Conditions.
410.61 Plan of treatment requirements for outpatient rehabilitation 
          services.
410.62 Outpatient speech-language pathology services: Conditions and 
          exclusions.
410.63 Hepatitis B vaccine and blood clotting factors: Conditions.
410.66 Emergency outpatient services furnished by a nonparticipating 
          hospital and services furnished in a foreign country.
410.68 Antigens: Scope and conditions.
410.69 Services of a certified registered nurse anesthetist or an 
          anesthesiologist's assistant: Basic rule and definitions.
410.71 Clinical psychologist services and services and supplies incident 
          to clinical psychologist services.
410.73 Clinical social worker services.
410.74 Physician assistants' services.
410.75 Nurse practitioners' services.
410.76 Clinical nurse specialists' services.
410.77 Certified nurse-midwives' services: Qualifications and 
          conditions.
410.78 Telehealth services.

                Subpart C_Home Health Services Under SMI

410.80 Applicable rules.

   Subpart D_Comprehensive Outpatient Rehabilitation Facility (CORF) 
                                Services

410.100 Included services.
410.102 Excluded services.

[[Page 319]]

410.105 Requirements for coverage of CORF services.

  Subpart E_Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) Providing Partial 
                        Hospitalization Services

410.110 Requirements for coverage of partial hospitalization services by 
          CMHCs.

Subpart F [Reserved]

                   Subpart G_Medical Nutrition Therapy

410.130 Definitions.
410.132 Medical nutrition therapy.
410.134 Provider qualifications.

  Subpart H_Outpatient Diabetes Self-Management Training and Diabetes 
                          Outcome Measurements

410.140 Definitions.
410.141 Outpatient diabetes self-management training.
410.142 CMS process for approving national accreditation organizations.
410.143 Requirements for approved accreditation organizations.
410.144 Quality standards for deemed entities.
410.145 Requirements for entities.
410.146 Diabetes outcome measurements.

                    Subpart I_Payment of SMI Benefits

410.150 To whom payment is made.
410.152 Amounts of payment.
410.155 Outpatient mental health treatment limitation.
410.160 Part B annual deductible.
410.161 Part B blood deductible.
410.163 Payment for services furnished to kidney donors.
410.165 Payment for rural health clinic services and ambulatory surgical 
          center services: Conditions.
410.170 Payment for home health services, for medical and other health 
          services furnished by a provider or an approved ESRD facility, 
          and for comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility 
          (CORF) services: Conditions.
410.172 Payment for partial hospitalization services in CMHCs: 
          Conditions.
410.175 Alien absent from the United States.

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1834, 1871, and 1893 of the Social Security 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395m, 1395hh, and 1395ddd).

    Source: 51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, unless otherwise noted.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 410 appear at 62 FR 
46037, Aug. 29, 1997.



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec. 410.1  Basis and scope.

    (a) Statutory basis. This part is based on the indicated provisions 
of the following sections of the Act:
    (1) Section 1832--Scope of benefits furnished under the Medicare 
Part B supplementary medical insurance (SMI) program.
    (2) Section 1833 through 1835 and 1862--Amounts of payment for SMI 
services, the conditions for payment, and the exclusions from coverage.
    (3) Section 1861(qq)--Definition of the kinds of services that may 
be covered.
    (4) Section 1865(b)--Permission for CMS to approve and recognize a 
national accreditation organization for the purpose of deeming entities 
accredited by the organization to meet program requirements.
    (5) Section 1881--Medicare coverage for end-stage renal disease 
beneficiaries.
    (6) Section 1842(o)--Payment for drugs and biologicals not paid on a 
cost or prospective payment basis.
    (b) Scope of part. This part sets forth the benefits available under 
Medicare Part B, the conditions for payment and the limitations on 
services, the percentage of incurred expenses that Medicare Part B pays, 
and the deductible and copayment amounts for which the beneficiary is 
responsible. (Exclusions applicable to these services are set forth in 
subpart C of part 405 of this chapter. General conditions for Medicare 
payment are set forth in part 424 of this chapter.)

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 55 
FR 53521, Dec. 31, 1990; 59 FR 63462, Dec. 8, 1994; 63 FR 58905, Nov. 2, 
1998; 65 FR 83148, Dec. 29, 2000; 69 FR 66420, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.2  Definitions.

    As used in this part--
    Community mental health center (CMHC) means an entity that--
    (1) Provides outpatient services, including specialized outpatient 
services for children, the elderly, individuals who are chronically 
mentally ill, and residents of its mental health service area who have 
been discharged from inpatient treatment at a mental health facility;

[[Page 320]]

    (2) Provides 24-hour-a-day emergency care services;
    (3) Provides day treatment or other partial hospitalization 
services, or psychosocial rehabilitation services;
    (4) Provides screening for patients being considered for admission 
to State mental health facilities to determine the appropriateness of 
this admission; and
    (5) Meets applicable licensing or certification requirements for 
CMHCs in the State in which it is located.
    Encounter means a direct personal contact between a patient and a 
physician, or other person who is authorized by State licensure law and, 
if applicable, by hospital or CAH staff bylaws, to order or furnish 
hospital services for diagnosis or treatment of the patient.
    Nominal charge provider means a provider that furnishes services 
free of charge or at a nominal charge, and is either a public provider 
or another provider that (1) demonstrates to CMS's satisfaction that a 
significant portion of its patients are low-income; and (2) requests 
that payment for its services be determined accordingly.
    Outpatient means a person who has not been admitted as an inpatient 
but who is registered on the hospital or CAH records as an outpatient 
and receives services (rather than supplies alone) directly from the 
hospital or CAH.
    Partial hospitalization services means a distinct and organized 
intensive ambulatory treatment program that offers less than 24-hour 
daily care and furnishes the services described in Sec. 410.43.
    Participating refers to a hospital, CAH, SNF, HHA, CORF, or hospice 
that has in effect an agreement to participate in Medicare; or a clinic, 
rehabilitation agency, or public health agency that has a provider 
agreement to participate in Medicare but only for purposes of providing 
outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech pathology 
services; or a CMHC that has in effect a similar agreement but only for 
purposes of providing partial hospitalization services, and 
nonparticipating refers to a hospital, CAH, SNF, HHA, CORF, hospice, 
clinic, rehabilitation agency, public health agency, or CMHC that does 
not have in effect a provider agreement to participate in Medicare.

[59 FR 6577, Feb. 11, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 46025, Aug. 29, 1997; 65 
FR 18536, Apr. 7, 2000]



Sec. 410.3  Scope of benefits.

    (a) Covered services. The SMI program helps pay for the following:
    (1) Medical and other health services such as physicians' services, 
outpatient services furnished by a hospital or a CAH, diagnostic tests, 
outpatient physical therapy and speech pathology services, rural health 
clinic services, Federally qualified health center services, IHS, Indian 
tribe, or tribal organization facility services, and outpatient renal 
dialysis services.
    (2) Services furnished by ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs), home 
health agencies (HHAs), comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation 
facilities (CORFs), and partial hospitalization services provided by 
community mental health centers (CMHCs).
    (3) Other medicial services, equipment, and supplies that are not 
covered under Medicare Part A hospital insurance.
    (b) Limitations on amount of payment. (1) Medicare Part B does not 
pay the full reasonable costs or charges for all covered services. The 
beneficiary is responsible for an annual deductible and a blood 
deductible and, after the annual deductible has been satisfied, for 
coinsurance amounts specified for most of the services.
    (2) Specific rules on payment are set forth in subpart E of this 
part.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 24981, June 12, 1992; 
58 FR 30668, May 26, 1993; 59 FR 6577, Feb. 11, 1994; 66 FR 55328, Nov. 
1, 2001]



Sec. 410.5  Other applicable rules.

    The following other rules of this chapter set forth additional 
policies and procedures applicable to four of the kinds of services 
covered under the SMI program:
    (a) Part 405, subpart U: End-Stage Renal Disease services.
    (b) Part 405, Subpart X: Rural Health Clinic and Federally Qualified 
Health Center services.
    (c) Part 416: Ambulatory Surgical Center services.

[[Page 321]]

    (d) Part 493: Laboratory Services.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 7134, Feb. 28, 1992; 57 
FR 24981, June 12, 1992]



               Subpart B_Medical and Other Health Services



Sec. 410.10  Medical and other health services: Included services.

    Subject to the conditions and limitations specified in this subpart, 
``medical and other health services'' includes the following services:
    (a) Physicians' services.
    (b) Services and supplies furnished incident to a physician's 
professional services, of kinds that are commonly furnished in 
physicians' offices and are commonly either furnished without charge or 
included in the physicians' bills.
    (c) Services and supplies, including partial hospitalization 
services, that are incident to physician services and are furnished to 
outpatients by or under arrangements made by a hospital or a CAH.
    (d) Diagnostic services furnished to outpatients by or under 
arrangements made by a hospital or a CAH if the services are services 
that the hospital or CAH ordinarily furnishes to its outpatients for 
diagnostic study.
    (e) Diagnostic laboratory and X-ray tests (including diagnostic 
mammography that meets the conditions for coverage specified in Sec. 
410.34(b) of this subpart) and other diagnostic tests.
    (f) X-ray therapy and other radiation therapy services.
    (g) Medical supplies, appliances, and devices.
    (h) Durable medical equipment.
    (i) Ambulance services.
    (j) Rural health clinic services.
    (k) Home dialysis supplies and equipment; on or after July 1, 1991, 
epoetin (EPO) for home dialysis patients, and, on or after January 1, 
1994, for dialysis patients, competent to use the drug; self-care home 
dialysis support services; and institutional dialysis services and 
supplies.
    (l) Pneumococcal vaccinations.
    (m) Outpatient physical therapy and speech pathology services.
    (n) Cardiac pacemakers and pacemaker leads.
    (o) Additional services furnished to enrollees of HMOs or CMPs, as 
described in Sec. 410.58.
    (p) Hepatitis B vaccine.
    (q) Blood clotting factors for hemophilia patients competent to use 
these factors without medical or other supervision.
    (r) Screening mammography services.
    (s) Federally qualified health center services.
    (t) Services of a certified registered nurse anesthetist or an 
anesthesiologist's assistant.
    (u) Prescription drugs used in immunosuppressive therapy.
    (v) Clinical psychologist services and services and supplies 
furnished as an incident to the services of a clinical psychologist, as 
provided in Sec. 410.71.
    (w) Clinical social worker services, as provided in Sec. 410.73.
    (x) Services of physicians and other practitioners furnished in or 
at the direction of an IHS or Indian tribal hospital or clinic.
    (y) Intravenous immune globulin administered in the home for the 
treatment of primary immune deficiency diseases.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 52 FR 27765, July 23, 1987; 
55 FR 22790, June 4, 1990; 55 FR 53522, Dec. 31, 1990; 56 FR 8841, Mar. 
1, 1991; 56 FR 43709, Sept. 4, 1991; 57 FR 24981, June 12, 1992; 57 FR 
33896, July 31, 1992; 58 FR 30668, May 26, 1993; 59 FR 26959, May 25, 
1994; 59 FR 49833, Sept. 30, 1994; 60 FR 8955, Feb. 16, 1995; 63 FR 
20128, Apr. 23, 1998; 66 FR 55328, Nov. 1, 2001; 69 FR 66420, Nov. 15, 
2004]



Sec. 410.12  Medical and other health services: Basic conditions and limitations.

    (a) Basic conditions. The medical and other health services 
specified in Sec. 410.10 are covered by Medicare Part B only if they 
are not excluded under subpart A of part 411 of this chapter, and if 
they meet the following conditions:
    (1) When the services must be furnished. The services must be 
furnished while the individual is in a period of entitlement. (The rules 
on entitlement are set forth in part 406 of this chapter.)
    (2) By whom the services must be furnished. The services must be 
furnished by a facility or other entity as specified in Sec. Sec. 
410.14 through 410.69.

[[Page 322]]

    (3) Physician certification and recertification requirements. If the 
services are subject to physician certification requirements, they must 
be certified as being medically necessary, and as meeting other 
applicable requirements, in accordance with subpart B of part 424 of 
this chapter.
    (b) Limitations on payment. Payment for medical and other health 
services is subject to limitations on the amounts of payment as 
specified in Sec. Sec. 410.152 and 410.155 and to the annual and blood 
deductibles as set forth in Sec. Sec. 410.160 and 410.161.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 57 
FR 33896, July 31, 1992]



Sec. 410.14  Special requirements for services furnished outside the United 
States.

    Medicare part B pays for physicians' services and ambulance services 
furnished outside the United States if the services meet the applicable 
conditions of Sec. 410.12 and are furnished in connection with covered 
inpatient hospital services that meet the specific requirements and 
conditions set forth in subpart H of part 424 of this chapter.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988]



Sec. 410.16  Initial preventive physical examination: Conditions for and 
limitations on coverage.

    (a) Definitions. As used in this section, the following definitions 
apply:
    Eligible beneficiary means an individual who receives his or her 
initial preventive physical examination within 6 months after the 
effective date of his or her first Medicare Part B coverage period, but 
only if that first Part B coverage period begins on or after January 1, 
2005.
    Initial preventive physical examination means all of the following 
services furnished to an eligible beneficiary by a physician or other 
qualified nonphysician practitioner with the goal of health promotion 
and disease detection:
    (1) Review of the beneficiary's medical and social history with 
attention to modifiable risk factors for disease, as those terms are 
defined in this section.
    (2) Review of the beneficiary's potential (risk factors) for 
depression, including current or past experiences with depression or 
other mood disorders, based on the use of an appropriate screening 
instrument for persons without a current diagnosis of depression, which 
the physician or other qualified nonphysician practitioner may select 
from various available standardized screening tests designed for this 
purpose and recognized by national professional medical organizations.
    (3) Review of the beneficiary's functional ability, and level of 
safety as those terms are defined in this section, as described in 
paragraph (4) of this definition, based on the use of appropriate 
screening questions or a screening questionnaire, which the physician or 
other qualified nonphysician practitioner may select from various 
available screening questions or standardized questionnaires designed 
for this purpose and recognized by national professional medical 
organizations.
    (4) An examination to include measurement of the beneficiary's 
height, weight, blood pressure, a visual acuity screen, and other 
factors as deemed appropriate, based on the beneficiary's medical and 
social history, and current clinical standards.
    (5) Performance and interpretation of an electrocardiogram.
    (6) Education, counseling, and referral, as deemed appropriate by 
the physician or qualified nonphysician practitioner, based on the 
results of the review and evaluation services described in this section.
    (7) Education, counseling, and referral, including a brief written 
plan such as a checklist provided to the beneficiary for obtaining the 
appropriate screening and other preventive services that are covered as 
separate Medicare Part B benefits as described in section 1861(s)(10), 
section 1861(jj), section 1861(nn), section 1861(oo), section 1861(pp), 
section 1861(qq)(1), section 1861(rr), section 1861(uu), section 
1861(vv), section 1861(xx)(1), and section 1861(yy) of the Act.
    Medical history is defined to include, at a minimum, the following:
    (1) Past medical and surgical history, including experiences with 
illnesses,

[[Page 323]]

hospital stays, operations, allergies, injuries, and treatments.
    (2) Current medications and supplements, including calcium and 
vitamins.
    (3) Family history, including a review of medical events in the 
beneficiary's family, including diseases that may be hereditary or place 
the individual at risk.
    A physician for purposes of this section means a doctor of medicine 
or osteopathy (as defined in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act).
    A qualified nonphysician practitioner for purposes of this section 
means a physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse 
specialist (as authorized under section 1861(s)(2)((K)(i) and section 
1861(s)(2)((K)(ii) of the Act and defined in section 1861(aa)(5) of the 
Act, or in Sec. 410.74, Sec. 410.75, and Sec. 410.76).
    Review of the beneficiary's functional ability and level of safety 
must include, at a minimum, a review of the following areas:
    (1) Hearing impairment.
    (2) Activities of daily living.
    (3) Falls risk.
    (4) Home safety
    Social history is defined to include, at a minimum, the following:
    (1) History of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use.
    (2) Diet.
    (3) Physical activities.
    (b) Condition for coverage of an initial preventive physical 
examination. Medicare Part B pays for an initial preventive physical 
examination provided to an eligible beneficiary, as described in this 
section, if it is furnished by a physician or other qualified 
nonphysician practitioner, as defined in this section.
    (c) Limitations on coverage of initial preventive physical 
examinations. Payment may not be made for an initial preventive physical 
preventive examination that is performed for an individual who is not an 
eligible beneficiary as described in this section.

[69 FR 66420, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.17  Cardiovascular disease screening tests.

    (a) Definition. For purposes of this subpart, the following 
definition apply:
    Cardiovascular screening blood test means:
    (1) A lipid panel consisting of a total cholesterol, HDL 
cholesterol, and triglyceride. The test is performed after a 12-hour 
fasting period.
    (2) Other blood tests, previously recommended by the U.S. Preventive 
Services Task Force (USPSTF), as determined by the Secretary through a 
national coverage determination process.
    (3) Other non-invasive tests, for indications that have a blood test 
recommended by the USPSTF, as determined by the Secretary through a 
national coverage determination process.
    (b) General conditions of coverage. Medicare Part B covers 
cardiovascular disease screening tests when ordered by the physician who 
is treating the beneficiary (see Sec. 410.32(a)) for the purpose of 
early detection of cardiovascular disease in individuals without 
apparent signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease.
    (c) Limitation on coverage of cardiovascular screening tests. 
Payment may be made for cardiovascular screening tests performed for an 
asymptomatic individual only if the individual has not had the screening 
tests paid for by Medicare during the preceding 59 months following the 
month in which the last cardiovascular screening tests were performed.

[69 FR 66421, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.18  Diabetes screening tests.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following 
definitions apply:
    Diabetes means diabetes mellitus, a condition of abnormal glucose 
metabolism diagnosed using the following criteria: a fasting blood sugar 
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL on two different occasions; a 2-hour 
post-glucose challenge greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL on two 
different occasions; or a random glucose test over 200 mg/dL for a 
person with symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes.
    Pre-diabetes means a condition of abnormal glucose metabolism 
diagnosed using the following criteria: a fasting glucose level of 100-
125 mg/dL, or a 2-hour post-glucose challenge of 140-199 mg/dL. The term 
pre-diabetes includes the following conditions:
    (1) Impaired fasting glucose.

[[Page 324]]

    (2) Impaired glucose tolerance.
    (b) General conditions of coverage. Medicare Part B covers diabetes 
screening tests after a referral from a physician or qualified 
nonphysician practitioner to an individual at risk for diabetes for the 
purpose of early detection of diabetes.
    (c) Types of tests covered. The following tests are covered if all 
other conditions of this subpart are met:
    (1) Fasting blood glucose test.
    (2) Post-glucose challenges including, but not limited to, an oral 
glucose tolerance test with a glucose challenge of 75 grams of glucose 
for non-pregnant adults, a 2-hour post glucose challenge test alone.
    (3) Other tests as determined by the Secretary through a national 
coverage determination.
    (d) Amount of testing covered. Medicare covers the following for 
individuals:
    (1) Diagnosed with pre-diabetes, two screening tests per calendar 
year.
    (2) Previously tested who were not diagnosed with pre-diabetes, or 
who were never tested before, one screening test per year.
    (e) Eligible risk factors. Individuals with the following risk 
factors are eligible to receive the benefit:
    (1) Hypertension.
    (2) Dyslipidemia.
    (3) Obesity, defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 
30 kg/m\2\.
    (4) Prior identification of impaired fasting glucose or glucose 
intolerance.
    (5) Any two of the following characteristics:
    (i) Overweight, defined as body mass index greater than 25, but less 
than 30 kg/m\2\.
    (ii) A family history of diabetes.
    (iii) 65 years of age or older.
    (iv) A history of gestational diabetes mellitus or delivery of a 
baby weighing more than 9 pounds.

[69 FR 66421, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.20  Physicians' services.

    (a) Included services. Medicare Part B pays for physicians' 
services, including diagnosis, therapy, surgery, consultations, and 
home, office, and institutional calls.
    (b) By whom services must be furnished. Medicare Part B pays for the 
services specified in paragraph (a) of this section if they are 
furnished by one of the following professionals who is legally 
authorized to practice by the State in which he or she performs the 
functions or actions, and who is acting within the scope of his or her 
license.
    (1) A doctor of medicine or osteopathy, including an osteopathic 
practitioner recognized in section 1101(a)(7) of the Act.
    (2) A doctor of dental surgery or dental medicine.
    (3) A doctor of podiatric medicine.
    (4) A doctor of optometry.
    (5) A chiropractor who meets the qualifications specified in Sec. 
410.22
    (c) Limitations on services. The Services specified in paragraph (a) 
of this section may be covered under Medicare Part B if they are 
furnished within the limitations specified in Sec. Sec. 410.22 through 
410.25.



Sec. 410.21  Limitations on services of a chiropractor.

    (a) Qualifications for chiropractors. (1) A chiropractor licensed or 
authorized to practice before July 1, 1974, and an individual who began 
studies in a chiropractic college before that date, must have--
    (i) Had preliminary education equal to the requirements for 
graduation from an accredited high school or other secondary school;
    (ii) Graduated from a college of chiropractic approved by the 
State's chiropractic examiners after completing a course of study 
covering a period of not less than 3 school years of 6 months each year 
in actual continuous attendance and covering adequate courses of study 
in the subjects of anatomy, physiology, symptomatology and diagnosis, 
hygiene and sanitation, chemistry, histology, pathology, and principles 
and practice of chiropractic, including clinical instruction in 
vertebral palpation, nerve tracing and adjusting; and
    (iii) Passed an examination prescribed by the State's chiropractic 
examiners covering the subjects specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of 
this section.
    (2) A chiropractor first licensed or authorized to practice after 
June 30, 1974, and an individual who begins

[[Page 325]]

studies in a chiropractic college after that date, must have--
    (i) Had preliminary education equal to the requirements for 
graduation from an accredited high school or other secondary school;
    (ii) Satisfactorily completed 2 years of pre-chiropractic study at 
the college level;
    (iii) Satisfactorily completed a 4-year course of 8 months each year 
offered by a college or school of chiropractic approved by the State's 
chiropractic examiners and including at least 4,000 hours in courses in 
anatomy, physiology, symptomatology and diagnosis, hygiene and 
sanitation, chemistry, histology, pathology, principles and practice of 
chiropractic, and clinical instruction in vertebral palpation, nerve 
tracing and adjusting, plus courses in the use and effect of X-ray and 
chiropractic analysis;
    (iv) Passed an examination prescribed by the State's chiropractic 
examiners covering the subjects specified in paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of 
this section; and
    (v) Attained 21 years of age.
    (b) Limitations on services. (1) Medicare Part B pays only for a 
chiropractor's manual manipulation of the spine to correct a subluxation 
if the subluxation has resulted in a neuromusculoskeletal condition for 
which manual manipulation is appropriate treatment.
    (2) Medicare Part B does not pay for X-rays or other diagnostic or 
therapeutic services furnished or ordered by a chiropractor.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 64 FR 59439, Nov. 2, 1999. 
Redesignated at 66 FR 55328, Nov. 1, 2001]



Sec. 410.22  Limitations on services of an optometrist.

    Medicare Part B pays for the services of a doctor of optometry, 
which he or she is legally authorized to perform in the State in which 
he or she performs them, if the services are among those described in 
section 1861(s) of the Act and Sec. 410.10 of this part.

[64 FR 59439, Nov. 2, 1999. Redesignated at 66 FR 55328, Nov. 1, 2001]



Sec. 410.23  Screening for glaucoma: Conditions for and limitations on 
coverage.

    (a) Definitions: As used in this section, the following definitions 
apply:
    (1) Direct supervision in the office setting means the optometrist 
or the ophthalmologist must be present in the office suite and be 
immediately available to furnish assistance and direction throughout the 
performance of the procedure. It does not mean the physician must be 
present in the room when the procedure is performed.
    (2) Eligible beneficiary means individuals in the following high 
risk categories:
    (i) Individual with diabetes mellitus.
    (ii) Individual with a family history of glaucoma.
    (iii) African-Americans age 50 and over.
    (iv) Hispanic-Americans age 65 and over.
    (3) Screening for glaucoma means the following procedures furnished 
to an individual for the early detection of glaucoma:
    (i) A dilated eye examination with an intraocular pressure 
measurement.
    (ii) A direct ophthalmoscopy examination, or a slit-lamp 
biomicroscopic examination.
    (b) Condition for coverage of screening for glaucoma. Medicare Part 
B pays for glaucoma screening examinations provided to eligible 
beneficiaries as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section if they 
are furnished by or under the direct supervision in the office setting 
of an optometrist or ophthalmologist who is legally authorized to 
perform these services under State law (or the State regulatory 
mechanism provided by State law) of the State in which the services are 
furnished, as would otherwise be covered if furnished by a physician or 
incident to a physician's professional service.
    (c) Limitations on coverage of glaucoma screening examinations. (1) 
Payment may not be made for a glaucoma screening examination that is 
performed for an individual who is not an eligible beneficiary as 
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (2) Payment may be made for a glaucoma screening examination that is 
performed on an individual who is an

[[Page 326]]

eligible beneficiary as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, 
after at least 11 months have passed following the month in which the 
last glaucoma screening examination was performed.

[66 FR 55328, Nov. 1, 2001, as amended at 70 FR 70330, Nov. 21, 2005]



Sec. 410.24  Limitations on services of a doctor of dental surgery or dental 
medicine.

    Medicare Part B pays for services furnished by a doctor of dental 
surgery or dental medicine within the scope of his or her license, if 
the services would be covered as physicians' services when performed by 
a doctor of medicine or osteopathy. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ For services furnished before July 1, 1981, Medicare Part B paid 
only for the following services of a doctor of dental surgery or dental 
medicine;
    Surgery on the jaw or any adjoining structure; and
    Reduction of a fracture of the jaw or other facial bone.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 8852, Mar. 1, 1991]



Sec. 410.25  Limitations on services of a podiatrist.

    Medicare Part B pays for the services of a doctor of podiatric 
medicine, acting within the scope of his or her license, if the services 
would be covered as physicians' services when performed by a doctor of 
medicine or osteopathy.



Sec. 410.26  Services and supplies incident to a physician's professional 
services: Conditions.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following 
definitions apply:
    (1) Auxiliary personnel means any individual who is acting under the 
supervision of a physician (or other practitioner), regardless of 
whether the individual is an employee, leased employee, or independent 
contractor of the physician (or other practitioner) or of the same 
entity that employs or contracts with the physician (or other 
practitioner).
    (2) Direct supervision means the level of supervision by the 
physician (or other practitioner) of auxiliary personnel as defined in 
Sec. 410.32(b)(3)(ii).
    (3) Independent contractor means an individual (or an entity that 
has hired such an individual) who performs part-time or full-time work 
for which the individual (or the entity that has hired such an 
individual) receives an IRS-1099 form.
    (4) Leased employment means an employment relationship that is 
recognized by applicable State law and that is established by two 
employers by a contract such that one employer hires the services of an 
employee of the other employer.
    (5) Noninstitutional setting means all settings other than a 
hospital or skilled nursing facility.
    (6) Practitioner means a non-physician practitioner who is 
authorized by the Act to receive payment for services incident to his or 
her own services.
    (7) Services and supplies means any services or supplies (including 
drugs or biologicals that are not usually self-administered) that are 
included in section 1861(s)(2)(A) of the Act and are not specifically 
listed in the Act as a separate benefit included in the Medicare 
program.
    (b) Medicare Part B pays for services and supplies incident to the 
service of a physician (or other practitioner).
    (1) Services and supplies must be furnished in a noninstitutional 
setting to noninstitutional patients.
    (2) Services and supplies must be an integral, though incidental, 
part of the service of a physician (or other practitioner) in the course 
of diagnosis or treatment of an injury or illness.
    (3) Services and supplies must be commonly furnished without charge 
or included in the bill of a physician (or other practitioner).
    (4) Services and supplies must be of a type that are commonly 
furnished in the office or clinic of a physician (or other 
practitioner).
    (5) Services and supplies must be furnished under the direct 
supervision of the physician (or other practitioner). The physician (or 
other practitioner) directly supervising the auxiliary personnel need 
not be the same physician (or other practitioner) upon whose 
professional service the incident to service is based.
    (6) Services and supplies must be furnished by the physician, 
practitioner

[[Page 327]]

with an incident to benefit, or auxiliary personnel.
    (7) A physician (or other practitioner) may be an employee or an 
independent contractor.
    (c) Limitations. (1) Drugs and biologicals are also subject to the 
limitations specified in Sec. 410.29.
    (2) Physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech-language 
pathology services provided incident to a physician's professional 
services are subject to the provisions established in Sec. 
410.59(a)(3)(iii), Sec. 410.60(a)(3)(iii), and Sec. 410.62(a)(3)(ii).

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 66 FR 55328, Nov. 1, 2001; 67 
FR 20684, Apr. 26, 2002; 69 FR 66421, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.27  Outpatient hospital services and supplies incident to a 
physician service: Conditions.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for hospital services and supplies 
furnished incident to a physician service to outpatients, including 
drugs and biologicals that cannot be self-administered, if--
    (1) They are furnished--
    (i) By or under arrangements made by a participating hospital, 
except in the case of an SNF resident as provided in Sec. 411.15(p) of 
this chapter;
    (ii) As an integral though incidental part of a physician's 
services; and
    (iii) In the hospital or at a location (other than an RHC or an 
FQHC) that CMS designates as a department of a provider under Sec. 
413.65 of this chapter; and
    (2) In the case of partial hospitalization services, also meet the 
conditions of paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) Drugs and biologicals are also subject to the limitations 
specified in Sec. 410.168.
    (c) Rules on emergency services furnished to outpatients by 
nonparticipating hospitals are specified in Sec. 410.168.
    (d) Medicare Part B pays for partial hospitalization services if 
they are--
    (1) Prescribed by a physician who certifies and recertifies the need 
for the services in accordance with subpart B of part 424 of this 
chapter; and
    (2) Furnished under a plan of treatment as required under subpart B 
of part 424 of this chapter.
    (e) Services furnished by an entity other than the hospital are 
subject to the limitations specified in Sec. 410.42(a).
    (f) Services furnished at a location (other than an RHC or an FQHC) 
that CMS designates as a department of a provider under Sec. 413.65 of 
this chapter must be under the direct supervision of a physician. 
``Direct supervision'' means the physician must be present and on the 
premises of the location and immediately available to furnish assistance 
and direction throughout the performance of the procedure. It does not 
mean that the physician must be present in the room when the procedure 
is performed.

[56 FR 8841, Mar. 1, 1991, as amended at 63 FR 26307, May 12, 1998; 65 
FR 18536, Apr. 7, 2000]



Sec. 410.28  Hospital or CAH diagnostic services furnished to outpatients: 
Conditions.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for hospital or CAH diagnostic services 
furnished to outpatients, including drugs and biologicals required in 
the performance of the services (even if those drugs or biologicals are 
self-administered), if those services meet the following conditions:
    (1) They are furnished by or under arrangements made by a 
participating hospital or participating CAH, except in the case of an 
SNF resident as provided in Sec. 411.15(p) of this chapter.
    (2) They are ordinarily furnished by, or under arrangements made by, 
the hospital or CAH to its outpatients for the purpose of diagnostic 
study.
    (3) They would be covered as inpatient hospital services if 
furnished to an inpatient.
    (b) Drugs and biologicals are also subject to the limitations 
specified in Sec. 410.29(b) and (c).
    (c) Diagnostic services furnished by an entity other than the 
hospital or CAH are subject to the limitations specified in Sec. 
410.42(a).
    (d) Rules on emergency services furnished to outpatients by 
nonparticipating hospitals are set forth in subpart G of part 424 of 
this chapter.
    (e) Medicare Part B makes payment under section 1833(t) of the Act 
for diagnostic services furnished at a facility (other than an RHC or an 
FQHC) that CMS designates as having provider-

[[Page 328]]

based status only when the diagnostic services are furnished under the 
appropriate level of physician supervision specified by CMS in 
accordance with the definitions in Sec. 410.32(b)(3)(i), (b)(3)(ii), 
and (b)(3)(iii). Under general supervision at a facility accorded 
provider-based status, the training of the nonphysician personnel who 
actually perform the diagnostic procedure and the maintenance of the 
necessary equipment and supplies are the continuing responsibility of 
the facility.
    (f) The rules for clinical diagnostic laboratory tests set forth in 
Sec. Sec. 410.32(a) and (d)(2) through (d)(4) of this subpart are 
applicable to those tests when furnished in hospitals and CAHs.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 58 FR 30668, May 26, 1993; 63 
FR 26307, May 12, 1998; 65 FR 18536, Apr. 7, 2000; 66 FR 58809, Nov. 23, 
2001]



Sec. 410.29  Limitations on drugs and biologicals.

    Medicare part B does not pay for the following:
    (a) Except as provided in Sec. 410.28(a) for outpatient diagnostic 
services and Sec. 410.63(b) for blood clotting factors, and except for 
EPO, any drug or biological that can be self-administered.
    (b) Any drug product that meets all of the following conditions:
    (1) The drug product was approved by the Food and Drug 
Administration (FDA) before October 10, 1962.
    (2) The drug product is available only through prescription.
    (3) The drug product is the subject of a notice of opportunity for 
hearing issued under section 505(e) of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
Cosmetic Act and published in the Federal Register on a proposed order 
of FDA to withdraw its approval for the drug product because it has 
determined that the product is less than effective for all its labeled 
indications.
    (4) The drug product is presently not subject to a determination by 
FDA, made under its efficacy review program, that there is a compelling 
justification of the drug product's medical need. (21 CFR 310.6 contains 
an explanation of the efficacy review program.)
    (c) Any drug product that is identical, related, or similar, as 
defined in 21 CFR 310.6, to a drug product that meets the conditions of 
paragraph (b) of this section.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 55 FR 22790, June 4, 1990; 56 
FR 43709, Sept. 4, 1991]



Sec. 410.30  Prescription drugs used in immunosuppressive therapy.

    (a) Scope. Payment may be made for prescription drugs used in 
immunosuppressive therapy that have been approved for marketing by the 
FDA and that meet one of the following conditions:
    (1) The approved labeling includes the indication for preventing or 
treating the rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue.
    (2) The approved labeling includes the indication for use in 
conjunction with immunosuppressive drugs to prevent or treat rejection 
of a transplanted organ or tissue.
    (3) Have been determined by a carrier (in accordance with part 421, 
subpart C of this chapter), in processing a Medicare claim, to be 
reasonable and necessary for the specific purpose of preventing or 
treating the rejection of a patient's transplanted organ or tissue, or 
for use in conjunction with immunosuppressive drugs for the purpose of 
preventing or treating the rejection of a patient's transplanted organ 
or tissue. (In making these determinations, the carriers may consider 
factors such as authoritative drug compendia, current medical 
literature, recognized standards of medical practice, and professional 
medical publications.)
    (b) Period of eligibility. Coverage is available only for 
prescription drugs used in immunosuppressive therapy, furnished to an 
individual who receives an organ or tissue transplant for which Medicare 
payment is made, for the following periods:
    (1) For drugs furnished before 1995, for a period of up to 1 year 
beginning with the date of discharge from the hospital during which the 
covered transplant was performed.
    (2) For drugs furnished during 1995, within 18 months after the date 
of discharge from the hospital during which the covered transplant was 
performed.

[[Page 329]]

    (3) For drugs furnished during 1996, within 24 months after the date 
of discharge from the hospital during which the covered transplant was 
performed.
    (4) For drugs furnished during 1997, within 30 months after the date 
of discharge from the hospital during which the covered transplant was 
performed.
    (5) For drugs furnished after 1997, within 36 months after the date 
of discharge from the hospital during which the covered transplant was 
performed.
    (c) Coverage. Drugs are covered under this provision irrespective of 
whether they can be self-administered.

[60 FR 8955, Feb. 16, 1995. Redesignated at 63 FR 34327, June 24, 1998]



Sec. 410.31  Bone mass measurement: Conditions for coverage and frequency 
standards.

    (a) Definition. As used in this section unless specified otherwise, 
the following definition applies:
    Bone mass measurement means a radiologic, radioisotopic, or other 
procedure that meets the following conditions:
    (1) Is performed for the purpose of identifying bone mass, detecting 
bone loss, or determining bone quality.
    (2) Is performed with either a bone densitometer (other than dual-
photon absorptiometry) or with a bone sonometer system that has been 
cleared for marketing for this use by the FDA under 21 CFR part 807, or 
approved for marketing by the FDA for this use under 21 CFR part 814.
    (3) Includes a physician's interpretation of the results of the 
procedure.
    (b) Conditions for coverage. Medicare covers a medically necessary 
bone mass measurement if the following conditions are met:
    (1) Following an evaluation of the beneficiary's need for the 
measurement, including a determination as to the medically appropriate 
procedure to be used for the beneficiary, it is ordered by the physician 
or a qualified nonphysician practitioner (as these terms are defined in 
Sec. 410.32(a)) treating the beneficiary.
    (2) It is performed under the appropriate level of supervision of a 
physician (as set forth in Sec. 410.32(b)).
    (3) It is reasonable and necessary for diagnosing, treating, or 
monitoring the condition of a beneficiary who meets the conditions 
described in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (c) Standards on frequency of coverage--(1) General rule. Except as 
allowed under paragraph (c)(2) of this section, Medicare may cover a 
bone mass measurement for a beneficiary if at least 23 months have 
passed since the month the last bone mass measurement was performed.
    (2) Exception. If medically necessary, Medicare may cover a bone 
mass measurement for a beneficiary more frequently than allowed under 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Examples of situations where more 
frequent bone mass measurement procedures may be medically necessary 
include, but are not limited to, the following medical circumstances:
    (i) Monitoring beneficiaries on long-term glucocorticoid (steroid) 
therapy of more than 3 months.
    (ii) Allowing for a confirmatory baseline bone mass measurement 
(either central or peripheral) to permit monitoring of beneficiaries in 
the future if the initial test was performed with a technique that is 
different from the proposed monitoring method.
    (d) Beneficiaries who may be covered. The following categories of 
beneficiaries may receive Medicare coverage for a medically necessary 
bone mass measurement:
    (1) A woman who has been determined by the physician (or a qualified 
nonphysician practitioner) treating her to be estrogen-deficient and at 
clinical risk for osteoporosis, based on her medical history and other 
findings.
    (2) An individual with vertebral abnormalities as demonstrated by an 
x-ray to be indicative of osteoporosis, osteopenia, or vertebral 
fracture.
    (3) An individual receiving (or expecting to receive) glucocorticoid 
(steroid) therapy equivalent to 7.5 mg of prednisone, or greater, per 
day for more than 3 months.
    (4) An individual with primary hyperparathyroidism.
    (5) An individual being monitored to assess the response to or 
efficacy of an FDA-approved osteoporosis drug therapy.
    (e) Denial as not reasonable and necessary. If CMS determines that a 
bone

[[Page 330]]

mass measurement does not meet the conditions for coverage in paragraphs 
(b) or (d) of this section, or the standards on frequency of coverage in 
paragraph (c) of this section, it is excluded from Medicare coverage as 
not ``reasonable'' and ``necessary'' under section 1862(a)(1)(A) of the 
Act and Sec. 411.15(k) of this chapter.

[63 FR 34327, June 24, 1998]



Sec. 410.32  Diagnostic x-ray tests, diagnostic laboratory tests, and other 
diagnostic tests: Conditions.

    (a) Ordering diagnostic tests. All diagnostic x-ray tests, 
diagnostic laboratory tests, and other diagnostic tests must be ordered 
by the physician who is treating the beneficiary, that is, the physician 
who furnishes a consultation or treats a beneficiary for a specific 
medical problem and who uses the results in the management of the 
beneficiary's specific medical problem. Tests not ordered by the 
physician who is treating the beneficiary are not reasonable and 
necessary (see Sec. 411.15(k)(1) of this chapter).
    (1) Chiropractic exception. A physician may order an x-ray to be 
used by a chiropractor to demonstrate the subluxation of the spine that 
is the basis for a beneficiary to receive manual manipulation treatments 
even though the physician does not treat the beneficiary.
    (2) Mammography exception. A physician who meets the qualification 
requirements for an interpreting physician under section 354 of the 
Public Health Service Act as provided in Sec. 410.34(a)(7) may order a 
diagnostic mammogram based on the findings of a screening mammogram even 
though the physician does not treat the beneficiary.
    (3) Application to nonphysician practitioners. Nonphysician 
practitioners (that is, clinical nurse specialists, clinical 
psychologists, clinical social workers, nurse-midwives, nurse 
practitioners, and physician assistants) who furnish services that would 
be physician services if furnished by a physician, and who are operating 
within the scope of their authority under State law and within the scope 
of their Medicare statutory benefit, may be treated the same as 
physicians treating beneficiaries for the purpose of this paragraph.
    (b) Diagnostic x-ray and other diagnostic tests--(1) Basic rule. 
Except as indicated in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, all diagnostic 
x-ray and other diagnostic tests covered under section 1861(s)(3) of the 
Act and payable under the physician fee schedule must be furnished under 
the appropriate level of supervision by a physician as defined in 
section 1861(r) of the Act. Services furnished without the required 
level of supervision are not reasonable and necessary (see Sec. 
411.15(k)(1) of this chapter).
    (2) Exceptions. The following diagnostic tests payable under the 
physician fee schedule are excluded from the basic rule set forth in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section:
    (i) Diagnostic mammography procedures, which are regulated by the 
Food and Drug Administration.
    (ii) Diagnostic tests personally furnished by a qualified 
audiologist as defined in section 1861(ll)(3) of the Act.
    (iii) Diagnostic psychological testing services when--
    (A) Personally furnished by a clinical psychologist or an 
independently practicing psychologist as defined in program 
instructions; or
    (B) Furnished under the general supervision of a physician or a 
clinical psychologist.
    (iv) Diagnostic tests (as established through program instructions) 
personally performed by a physical therapist who is certified by the 
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties as a qualified 
electrophysiologic clinical specialist and permitted to provide the 
service under State law.
    (v) Diagnostic tests performed by a nurse practitioner or clinical 
nurse specialist authorized to perform the tests under applicable State 
laws.
    (vi) Pathology and laboratory procedures listed in the 80000 series 
of the Current Procedural Terminology published by the American Medical 
Association.
    (3) Levels of supervision. Except where otherwise indicated, all 
diagnostic x-ray and other diagnostic tests subject to this provision 
and payable under the physician fee schedule must be furnished under at 
least a general level of

[[Page 331]]

physician supervision as defined in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section. 
In addition, some of these tests also require either direct or personal 
supervision as defined in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) or (b)(3)(iii) of this 
section, respectively. (However, diagnostic tests performed by a 
physician assistant (PA) that the PA is legally authorized to perform 
under State law require only a general level of physician supervision.) 
When direct or personal supervision is required, physician supervision 
at the specified level is required throughout the performance of the 
test.
    (i) General supervision means the procedure is furnished under the 
physician's overall direction and control, but the physician's presence 
is not required during the performance of the procedure. Under general 
supervision, the training of the nonphysician personnel who actually 
perform the diagnostic procedure and the maintenance of the necessary 
equipment and supplies are the continuing responsibility of the 
physician.
    (ii) Direct supervision in the office setting means the physician 
must be present in the office suite and immediately available to furnish 
assistance and direction throughout the performance of the procedure. It 
does not mean that the physician must be present in the room when the 
procedure is performed.
    (iii) Personal supervision means a physician must be in attendance 
in the room during the performance of the procedure.
    (c) Portable x-ray services. Portable x-ray services furnished in a 
place of residence used as the patient's home are covered if the 
following conditions are met:
    (1) These services are furnished under the general supervision of a 
physician, as defined in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section.
    (2) The supplier of these services meets the requirements set forth 
in part 486, subpart C of this chapter, concerning conditions for 
coverage for portable x-ray services.
    (3) The procedures are limited to--
    (i) Skeletal films involving the extremities, pelvis, vertebral 
column, or skull;
    (ii) Chest or abdominal films that do not involve the use of 
contrast media; and
    (iii) Diagnostic mammograms if the approved portable x-ray supplier, 
as defined in subpart C of part 486 of this chapter, meets the 
certification requirements of section 354 of the Public Health Service 
Act, as implemented by 21 CFR part 900, subpart B.
    (d) Diagnostic laboratory tests--(1) Who may furnish services. 
Medicare Part B pays for covered diagnostic laboratory tests that are 
furnished by any of the following:
    (i) A participating hospital or participating RPCH.
    (ii) A nonparticipating hospital that meets the requirements for 
emergency outpatient services specified in subpart G of part 424 of this 
chapter and the laboratory requirements specified in part 493 of this 
chapter.
    (iii) The office of the patient's attending or consulting physician 
if that physician is a doctor of medicine, osteopathy, podiatric 
medicine, dental surgery, or dental medicine.
    (iv) An RHC.
    (v) A laboratory, if it meets the applicable requirements for 
laboratories of part 493 of this chapter, including the laboratory of a 
nonparticipating hospital that does not meet the requirements for 
emergency outpatient services in subpart G of part 424 of this chapter.
    (vi) An FQHC.
    (vii) An SNF to its resident under Sec. 411.15(p) of this chapter, 
either directly (in accordance with Sec. 483.75(k)(1)(i) of this 
chapter) or under an arrangement (as defined in Sec. 409.3 of this 
chapter) with another entity described in this paragraph.
    (2) Documentation and recordkeeping requirements--(i) Ordering the 
service. The physician or (qualified nonphysican practitioner, as 
defined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section), who orders the service 
must maintain documentation of medical necessity in the beneficiary's 
medical record.
    (ii) Submitting the claim. The entity submitting the claim must 
maintain the following documentation:
    (A) The documentation that it receives from the ordering physician 
or nonphysician practitioner.

[[Page 332]]

    (B) The documentation that the information that it submitted with 
the claim accurately reflects the information it received from the 
ordering physician or nonphysician practitioner.
    (iii) Requesting additional information. The entity submitting the 
claim may request additional diagnostic and other medical information to 
document that the services it bills are reasonable and necessary. If the 
entity requests additional documentation, it must request material 
relevant to the medical necessity of the specific test(s), taking into 
consideration current rules and regulations on patient confidentiality.
    (3) Claims review. (i) Documentation requirements. Upon request by 
CMS, the entity submitting the claim must provide the following 
information:
    (A) Documentation of the order for the service billed (including 
information sufficient to enable CMS to identify and contact the 
ordering physician or nonphysician practitioner).
    (B) Documentation showing accurate processing of the order and 
submission of the claim.
    (C) Diagnostic or other medical information supplied to the 
laboratory by the ordering physician or nonphysician practitioner, 
including any ICD-9-CM code or narrative description supplied.
    (ii) Services that are not reasonable and necessary. If the 
documentation provided under paragraph (d)(3)(i) of this section does 
not demonstrate that the service is reasonable and necessary, CMS takes 
the following actions:
    (A) Provides the ordering physician or nonphysician practitioner 
information sufficient to identify the claim being reviewed.
    (B) Requests from the ordering physician or nonphysician 
practitioner those parts of a beneficiary's medical record that are 
relevant to the specific claim(s) being reviewed.
    (C) If the ordering physician or nonphysician practitioner does not 
supply the documentation requested, informs the entity submitting the 
claim(s) that the documentation has not been supplied and denies the 
claim.
    (iii) Medical necessity. The entity submitting the claim may request 
additional diagnostic and other medical information from the ordering 
physician or nonphysician practitioner to document that the services it 
bills are reasonable and necessary. If the entity requests additional 
documentation, it must request material relevant to the medical 
necessity of the specific test(s), taking into consideration current 
rules and regulations on patient confidentiality.
    (4) Automatic denial and manual review. (i) General rule. Except as 
provided in paragraph (d)(4)(ii) of this section, CMS does not deny a 
claim for services that exceed utilization parameters without reviewing 
all relevant documentation that is submitted with the claim (for 
example, justifications prepared by providers, primary and secondary 
diagnoses, and copies of medical records).
    (ii) Exceptions. CMS may automatically deny a claim without manual 
review if a national coverage decision or LMRP specifies the 
circumstances under which the service is denied, or the service is 
specifically excluded from Medicare coverage by law.
    (e) Diagnostic laboratory tests furnished in hospitals and CAHs. The 
provisions of paragraphs (a) and (d)(2) through (d)(4), inclusive, of 
this section apply to all diagnostic laboratory test furnished by 
hospitals and CAHs to outpatients.

[62 FR 59098, Oct. 31, 1997, as amended at 63 FR 26308, May 12, 1998; 63 
FR 53307, Oct. 5, 1998; 63 FR 58906, Nov. 2, 1998; 64 FR 59440, Nov. 2, 
1999; 66 FR 58809, Nov. 23, 2001; 69 FR 66421, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.33  Independent diagnostic testing facility.

    (a) General rule. (1) Effective for diagnostic procedures performed 
on or after March 15, 1999, carriers will pay for diagnostic procedures 
under the physician fee schedule only when performed by a physician, a 
group practice of physicians, an approved supplier of portable x-ray 
services, a nurse practitioner, or a clinical nurse specialist when he 
or she performs a test he or she is authorized by the State to perform, 
or an independent diagnostic testing facility (IDTF). An IDTF may be a 
fixed location, a mobile entity, or an individual nonphysician 
practitioner. It is independent of a physician's office or hospital; 
however, these

[[Page 333]]

rules apply when an IDTF furnishes diagnostic procedures in a 
physician's office.
    (2) Exceptions. The following diagnostic tests that are payable 
under the physician fee schedule and furnished by a nonhospital testing 
entity are not required to be furnished in accordance with the criteria 
set forth in paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section:
    (i) Diagnostic mammography procedures, which are regulated by the 
Food and Drug Administration.
    (ii) Diagnostic tests personally furnished by a qualified 
audiologist as defined in section 1861(ll)(3) of the Act.
    (iii) Diagnostic psychological testing services personally furnished 
by a clinical psychologist or a qualified independent psychologist as 
defined in program instructions.
    (iv) Diagnostic tests (as established through program instructions) 
personally performed by a physical therapist who is certified by the 
American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties as a qualified 
electrophysiologic clinical specialist and permitted to provide the 
service under State law.
    (b) Supervising physician. (1) An IDTF must have one or more 
supervising physicians who are responsible for the direct and ongoing 
oversight of the quality of the testing performed, the proper operation 
and calibration of the equipment used to perform tests, and the 
qualification of nonphysician personnel who use the equipment. This 
level of supervision is that required for general supervision set forth 
in Sec. 410.32(b)(3)(i).
    (2) The supervising physician must evidence proficiency in the 
performance and interpretation of each type of diagnostic procedure 
performed by the IDTF. The proficiency may be documented by 
certification in specific medical specialties or subspecialties or by 
criteria established by the carrier for the service area in which the 
IDTF is located. In the case of a procedure requiring the direct or 
personal supervision of a physician as set forth in Sec. 
410.32(b)(3)(ii) or (b)(3)(iii), the IDTF's supervising physician must 
personally furnish this level of supervision whether the procedure is 
performed in the IDTF or, in the case of mobile services, at the remote 
location. The IDTF must maintain documentation of sufficient physician 
resources during all hours of operations to assure that the required 
physician supervision is furnished. In the case of procedures requiring 
direct supervision, the supervising physician may oversee concurrent 
procedures.
    (c) Nonphysician personnel. Any nonphysician personnel used by the 
IDTF to perform tests must demonstrate the basic qualifications to 
perform the tests in question and have training and proficiency as 
evidenced by licensure or certification by the appropriate State health 
or education department. In the absence of a State licensing board, the 
technician must be certified by an appropriate national credentialing 
body. The IDTF must maintain documentation available for review that 
these requirements are met.
    (d) Ordering of tests. All procedures performed by the IDTF must be 
specifically ordered in writing by the physician who is treating the 
beneficiary, that is, the physician who is furnishing a consultation or 
treating a beneficiary for a specific medical problem and who uses the 
results in the management of the beneficiary's specific medical problem. 
(Nonphysician practitioners may order tests as set forth in Sec. 
410.32(a)(3).) The order must specify the diagnosis or other basis for 
the testing. The supervising physician for the IDTF may not order tests 
to be performed by the IDTF, unless the IDTF's supervising physician is 
in fact the beneficiary's treating physician. That is, the physician in 
question had a relationship with the beneficiary prior to the 
performance of the testing and is treating the beneficiary for a 
specific medical problem. The IDTF may not add any procedures based on 
internal protocols without a written order from the treating physician.
    (e) Multi-State entities. An IDTF that operates across State 
boundaries must maintain documentation that its supervising physicians 
and technicians are licensed and certified in each of the States in 
which it is furnishing services.

[[Page 334]]

    (f) Applicability of State law. An IDTF must comply with the 
applicable laws of any State in which it operates.

[62 FR 59099, Oct. 31, 1997, as amended at 64 FR 59440, Nov. 2, 1999]



Sec. 410.34  Mammography services: Conditions for and limitations on 
coverage.

    (a) Definitions. As used in this section, the following definitions 
apply:
    (1) Diagnostic mammography means a radiologic procedure furnished to 
a man or woman with signs or symptoms of breast disease, or a personal 
history of breast cancer, or a personal history of biopsy-proven benign 
breast disease, and includes a physician's interpretation of the results 
of the procedure.
    (2) Screening mammography means a radiologic procedure furnished to 
a woman without signs or symptoms of breast disease, for the purpose of 
early detection of breast cancer, and includes a physician's 
interpretation of the results of the procedure.
    (3) Supplier of diagnostic mammography means a facility that is 
certified and responsible for ensuring that all diagnostic mammography 
services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries meet the conditions for 
coverage of diagnostic mammography services as specified in paragraph 
(b) of this section.
    (4) Supplier of screening mammography means a facility that is 
certified and responsible for ensuring that all screening mammography 
services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries meet the conditions and 
limitations for coverage of screening mammography services as specified 
in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.
    (5) Certificate means the certificate described in 21 CFR 900.2(b) 
that may be issued to, or renewed for, a facility that meets the 
requirements for conducting an examination or procedure involving 
mammography.
    (6) Provisional certificate means the provisional certificate 
described in 21 CFR 900.2(m) that may be issued to a facility to enable 
the facility to qualify to meet the requirements for conducting an 
examination or procedure involving mammography.
    (7) The term meets the certification requirements of section 354 of 
the Public Health Service (PHS) Act means that in order to qualify for 
coverage of its services under the Medicare program, a supplier of 
diagnostic or screening mammography services must meet the following 
requirements:
    (i) Must have a valid provisional certificate, or a valid 
certificate, that has been issued by FDA indicating that the supplier 
meets the certification requirements of section 354 of the PHS Act, as 
implemented by 21 CFR part 900, subpart B.
    (ii) Has not been issued a written notification by FDA that states 
that the supplier must cease conducting mammography examinations because 
the supplier is not in compliance with certain critical certification 
requirements of section 354 of the PHS Act, implemented by 21 CFR part 
900, subpart B.
    (iii) Must not employ for provision of the professional component of 
mammography services a physician or physicians for whom the facility has 
received written notification by FDA that the physician (or physicians) 
is (or are) in violation of the certification requirements set forth in 
section 354 of the PHS Act, as implemented by 21 CFR 900.12(a)(1)(i).
    (b) Conditions for coverage of diagnostic mammography services. 
Medicare Part B pays for diagnostic mammography services if they meet 
the following conditions:
    (1) They are ordered by a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (as 
defined in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act).
    (2) They are furnished by a supplier of diagnostic mammography 
services that meets the certification requirements of section 354 of the 
PHS Act, as implemented by 21 CFR part 900, subpart B.
    (c) Conditions for coverage of screening mammography services. 
Medicare Part B pays for screening mammography services if they are 
furnished by a supplier of screening mammography services that meets the 
certification requirements of section 354 of the PHS Act, as implemented 
by 21 CFR part 900, subpart B.
    (d) Limitations on coverage of screening mammography services. The 
following limitations apply to coverage of screening mammography 
services as described in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section:

[[Page 335]]

    (1) The service must be, at a minimum a two-view exposure (that is, 
a cranio-caudal and a medial lateral oblique view) of each breast.
    (2) Payment may not be made for screening mammography performed on a 
woman under age 35.
    (3) Payment may be made for only 1 screening mammography performed 
on a woman over age 34, but under age 40.
    (4) For an asymptomatic woman over 39 years of age, payment may be 
made for a screening mammography performed after at least 11 months have 
passed following the month in which the last screening mammography was 
performed.

[59 FR 49833, Sept. 30, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 14224, Mar. 16, 1995; 
60 FR 63176, Dec. 8, 1995; 62 FR 59100, Oct. 31, 1997; 63 FR 4596, Jan. 
30, 1998]



Sec. 410.35  X-ray therapy and other radiation therapy services: Scope.

    Medicare Part B pays for X-ray therapy and other radiation therapy 
services, including radium therapy and radioactive isotope therapy, and 
materials and the services of technicians administering the treatment.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986. Redesignated at 55 FR 53522, Dec. 31, 1990]



Sec. 410.36  Medical supplies, appliances, and devices: Scope.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for the following medical supplies, 
appliances and devices:
    (1) Surgical dressings, and splints, casts, and other devices used 
for reduction of fractures and dislocations.
    (2) Prosthetic devices, other than dental, that replace all or part 
of an internal body organ, including colostomy bags and supplies 
directly related to colostomy care, including--
    (i) Replacement of prosthetic devices; and
    (ii) One pair of conventional eyeglasses or conventional contact 
lenses furnished after each cataract surgery during which an intraocular 
lens is inserted.
    (3) Leg, arm, back, and neck braces and artificial legs, arms, and 
eyes, including replacements if required because of a change in the 
individual's physical condition.
    (b) As a requirement for payment, CMS may determine through carrier 
instructions, or carriers may determine, that an item listed in 
paragraph (a) of this section requires a written physician order before 
delivery of the item.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 36014, Aug. 12, 1992; 
57 FR 57688, Dec. 7, 1992]



Sec. 410.37  Colorectal cancer screening tests: Conditions for and 
limitations on coverage.

    (a) Definitions. As used in this section, the following definitions 
apply:
    (1) Colorectal cancer screening tests means any of the following 
procedures furnished to an individual for the purpose of early detection 
of colorectal cancer:
    (i) Screening fecal-occult blood tests.
    (ii) Screening flexible sigmoidoscopies.
    (iii) In the case of an individual at high risk for colorectal 
cancer, screening colonoscopies.
    (iv) Screening barium enemas.
    (v) Other tests or procedures established by a national coverage 
determination, and modifications to tests under this paragraph, with 
such frequency and payment limits as CMS determines appropriate, in 
consultation with appropriate organizations
    (2) Screening fecal-occult blood test means--
    (i) A guaiac-based test for peroxidase activity, testing two samples 
from each of three consecutive stools, or,
    (ii) Other tests as determined by the Secretary through a national 
coverage determination.
    (3) An individual at high risk for colorectal cancer means an 
individual with--
    (i) A close relative (sibling, parent, or child) who has had 
colorectal cancer or an adenomatous polyp;
    (ii) A family history of familial adenomatous polyposis;
    (iii) A family history of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer;
    (iv) A personal history of adenomatous polyps; or
    (v) A personal history of colorectal cancer; or

[[Page 336]]

    (vi) Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's Disease, and 
ulcerative colitis.
    (4) Screening barium enema means--
    (i) A screening double contrast barium enema of the entire 
colorectum (including a physician's interpretation of the results of the 
procedure); or
    (ii) In the case of an individual whose attending physician decides 
that he or she cannot tolerate a screening double contrast barium enema, 
a screening single contrast barium enema of the entire colorectum 
(including a physician's interpretation of the results of the 
procedure).
    (5) An attending physician for purposes of this provision is a 
doctor of medicine or osteopathy (as defined in section 1861(r)(1) of 
the Act) who is fully knowledgeable about the beneficiary's medical 
condition, and who would be responsible using the results of any 
examination performed in the overall management of the beneficiary's 
specific medical problem.
    (b) Condition for coverage of screening fecal-occult blood tests. 
Medicare Part B pays for a screening fecal-occult blood test if it is 
ordered in writing by the beneficiary's attending physician.
    (c) Limitations on coverage of screening fecal-occult blood tests. 
(1) Payment may not be made for a screening fecal-occult blood test 
performed for an individual under age 50.
    (2) For an individual 50 years of age or over, payment may be made 
for a screening fecal-occult blood test performed after at least 11 
months have passed following the month in which the last screening 
fecal-occult blood test was performed.
    (d) Condition for coverage of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening. 
Medicare Part B pays for a flexible sigmoidoscopy screening service if 
it is performed by a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (as defined in 
section 1861(r)(1) of the Act), or by a physician assistant, nurse 
practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist (as defined in section 
1861(aa)(5) of the Act and Sec. Sec. 410.74, 410.75, and 410.76) who is 
authorized under State law to perform the examination.
    (e) Limitations on coverage of screening flexible sigmoidoscopies. 
(1) Payment may not be made for a screening flexible sigmoidoscopy 
performed for an individual under age 50.
    (2) For an individual 50 years of age or over, except as described 
in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, payment may be made for screening 
flexible sigmoidoscopy after at least 47 months have passed following 
the month in which the last screening flexible sigmoidoscopy or, as 
provided in paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section, the last screening 
barium enema was performed.
    (3) In the case of an individual who is not at high risk for 
colorectal cancer as described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section but 
who has had a screening colonoscopy performed, payment may be made for a 
screening flexible sigmoidosocopy only after at least 119 months have 
passed following the month in which the last screening colonoscopy was 
performed.
    (f) Condition for coverage of screening colonoscopies. Medicare Part 
B pays for a screening colonoscopy if it is performed by a doctor of 
medicine or osteopathy (as defined in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act).
    (g) Limitations on coverage of screening colonoscopies. (1) 
Effective for services furnished on or after January 1, 1998 through 
June 30, 2001, payment may not be made for a screening colonoscopy for 
an individual who is not at high risk for colorectal cancer as described 
in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
    (2) Effective for services furnished on or after July 1, 2001, 
except as described in paragraph (g)(4) of this section, payment may be 
made for a screening colonoscopy performed for an individual who is not 
at high risk for colorectal cancer as described in paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section, after at least 119 months have passed following the month 
in which the last screening colonoscopy was performed.
    (3) Payment may be made for a screening colonoscopy performed for an 
individual who is at high risk for colorectal cancer as described in 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, after at least 23 months have passed 
following the month in which the last screening colonoscopy was 
performed, or, as provided in paragraphs (h) and (i) of this

[[Page 337]]

section, the last screening barium enema was performed.
    (4) In the case of an individual who is not at high risk for 
colorectal cancer as described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section but 
who has had a screening flexible sigmoidoscopy performed, payment may be 
made for a screening colonoscopy only after at least 47 months have 
passed following the month in which the last screening flexible 
sigmoidoscopy was performed.
    (h) Conditions for coverage of screening barium enemas. Medicare 
Part B pays for a screening barium enema if it is ordered in writing by 
the beneficiary's attending physician.
    (i) Limitations on coverage of screening barium enemas. (1) In the 
case of an individual age 50 or over who is not at high risk of 
colorectal cancer, payment may be made for a screening barium enema 
examination performed after at least 47 months have passed following the 
month in which the last screening barium enema or screening flexible 
sigmoidoscopy was performed.
    (2) In the case of an individual who is at high risk for colorectal 
cancer, payment may be made for a screening barium enema examination 
performed after at least 23 months have passed following the month in 
which the last screening barium enema or the last screening colonoscopy 
was performed.

[62 FR 59100, Oct. 31, 1997, as amended at 66 FR 55329, Nov. 1, 2001; 67 
FR 80040, Dec. 31, 2002]



Sec. 410.38  Durable medical equipment: Scope and conditions.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for the rental or purchase of durable 
medical equipment, including iron lungs, oxygen tents, hospital beds, 
and wheelchairs, if the equipment is used in the patient's home or in an 
institution that is used as a home.
    (b) An institution that is used as a home may not be a hospital or a 
CAH or a SNF as defined in sections 1861(e)(1), 1861(mm)(1) and 
1819(a)(1) of the Act, respectively.
    (c) Power mobility devices (PMDs). (1) Definitions. For the purposes 
of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:
    Physician has the same meaning as in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act.
    Power mobility device means a covered item of durable medical 
equipment that is in a class of wheelchairs that includes a power 
wheelchair (a four-wheeled motorized vehicle whose steering is operated 
by an electronic device or a joystick to control direction and turning) 
or a power-operated vehicle (a three or four-wheeled motorized scooter 
that is operated by a tiller) that a beneficiary uses in the home.
    Prescription means a written order completed by the physician or 
treating practitioner who performed the face-to-face examination and 
that includes the beneficiary's name, the date of the face-to-face 
examination, the diagnoses and conditions that the PMD is expected to 
modify, a description of the item (for example, a narrative description 
of the specific type of PMD), the length of need, and the physician or 
treating practitioner's signature and the date the prescription was 
written.
    Treating practitioner means a physician assistant, nurse 
practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist as those terms are defined in 
section 1861(aa)(5) of the Act, who has conducted a face-to-face 
examination of the beneficiary.
    Supplier means an entity with a valid Medicare supplier number, 
including an entity that furnishes items through the mail.
    (2) Conditions of payment. Medicare Part B pays for a power mobility 
device if the physician or treating practitioner, as defined in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section meets the following conditions:
    (i) Conducts a face-to-face examination of the beneficiary for the 
purpose of evaluating and treating the beneficiary for his or her 
medical condition and determining the medical necessity for the PMD as 
part of an appropriate overall treatment plan.
    (ii) Writes a prescription, as defined in paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section that is provided to the beneficiary or supplier, and is received 
by the supplier within 45 days after the face-to-face examination.
    (iii) Provides supporting documentation, including pertinent parts 
of the beneficiary's medical record (for example, history, physical 
examination, diagnostic tests, summary of findings, diagnoses, treatment 
plans and/or other

[[Page 338]]

information as may be appropriate) that supports the medical necessity 
for the power mobility device, which is received by the supplier within 
45 days after the face-to-face examination.
    (3) Exceptions. (i) Beneficiaries discharged from a hospital do not 
need to receive a separate face-to-face examination as long as the 
physician or treating practitioner who performed the face-to-face 
examination of the beneficiary in the hospital issues a PMD prescription 
and supporting documentation that is received by the supplier within 45 
days after the date of discharge.
    (ii) Accessories for PMDs may be ordered by the physician or 
treating practitioner without conducting a face-to-face examination of 
the beneficiary.
    (4) Dispensing a power mobility device. Suppliers may not dispense a 
PMD to a beneficiary until the PMD prescription and the supporting 
documentation have been received from the physician or treating 
practitioner who performed the face-to-face examination of the 
beneficiary. These documents must be received within 45 days after the 
date of the face-to-face examination.
    (5) Documentation. (i) A supplier must maintain the prescription and 
the supporting documentation provided by the physician or treating 
practitioner and make them available to CMS and its agents upon request.
    (ii) Upon request by CMS or its agents, a supplier must submit 
additional documentation to CMS or its agents to support and/or 
substantiate the medical necessity for the power mobility device.
    (6) Safety requirements. The PMD must meet any safety requirements 
specified by CMS.
    (d) Medicare Part B pays for medically necessary equipment that is 
used for treatment of decubitus ulcers if--
    (1) The equipment is ordered in writing by the beneficiary's 
attending physician, or by a specialty physician on referral from the 
beneficiary's attending physician, and the written order is furnished to 
the supplier before the delivery of the equipment; and
    (2) The prescribing physician has specified in the prescription that 
he or she will be supervising the use of the equipment in connection 
with the course of treatment.
    (e) Medicare Part B pays for a medically necessary seat-lift if it--
    (1) Is ordered in writing by the beneficiary's attending physician, 
or by a specialty physician on referral from the beneficiary's attending 
physician, and the written order is furnished to the supplier before the 
delivery of the seat-lift;
    (2) Is for a beneficiary who has a diagnosis designated by CMS as 
requiring a seat-lift; and
    (3) Meets safety requirements specified by CMS.
    (f) Medicare Part B pays for transcutaneous electrical nerve 
stimulator units that are--
    (1) Determined to be medically necessary; and
    (2) Ordered in writing by the beneficiary's attending physician, or 
by a specialty physician on referral from the beneficiary's attending 
physician, and the written order is furnished to the supplier before the 
delivery of the unit to the beneficiary.
    (g) As a requirement for payment, CMS may determine through carrier 
instructions, or carriers may determine that an item of durable medical 
equipment requires a written physician order before delivery of the 
item.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 57688, Dec. 7, 1992; 58 
FR 30668, May 26, 1993; 70 FR 50946, Aug. 26, 2005; 71 FR 17030, Apr. 5, 
2006]



Sec. 410.39  Prostate cancer screening tests: Conditions for and limitations 
on coverage.

    (a) Definitions. As used in this section, the following definitions 
apply:
    (1) Prostate cancer screening tests means any of the following 
procedures furnished to an individual for the purpose of early detection 
of prostate cancer:
    (i) A screening digital rectal examination.
    (ii) A screening prostate-specific antigen blood test.
    (iii) For years beginning after 2002, other procedures CMS finds 
appropriate for the purpose of early detection of prostate cancer, 
taking into account changes in technology and standards of medical 
practice, availability,

[[Page 339]]

effectiveness, costs, and other factors CMS considers appropriate.
    (2) A screening digital rectal examination means a clinical 
examination of an individual's prostate for nodules or other 
abnormalities of the prostate.
    (3) A screening prostate-specific antigen blood test means a test 
that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in an individual's 
blood.
    (4) A physician for purposes of this provision means a doctor of 
medicine or osteopathy (as defined in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act) who 
is fully knowledgeable about the beneficiary, and who would be 
responsible for explaining the results of the screening examination or 
test.
    (5) A physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse 
specialist, or certified nurse midwife for purposes of this provision 
means a physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse 
specialist, or certified nurse midwife (as defined in sections 1861(aa) 
and 1861(gg) of the Act) who is fully knowledgeable about the 
beneficiary, and who would be responsible for explaining the results of 
the screening examination or test.
    (b) Condition for coverage of screening digital rectal examinations. 
Medicare Part B pays for a screening digital rectal examination if it is 
performed by the beneficiary's physician, or by the beneficiary's 
physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or 
certified nurse midwife as defined in paragraphs (a)(4) or (a)(5) of 
this section who is authorized to perform this service under State law.
    (c) Limitation on coverage of screening digital rectal examinations. 
(1) Payment may not be made for a screening digital rectal examination 
performed for a man age 50 or younger.
    (2) For an individual over 50 years of age, payment may be made for 
a screening digital rectal examination only if the man has not had such 
an examination paid for by Medicare during the preceding 11 months 
following the month in which his last Medicare-covered screening digital 
rectal examination was performed.
    (d) Condition for coverage of screening prostate-specific antigen 
blood tests. Medicare Part B pays for a screening prostate-specific 
antigen blood test if it is ordered by the beneficiary's physician, or 
by the beneficiary's physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical 
nurse specialist, or certified nurse midwife as defined in paragraphs 
(a)(4) or (a)(5) of this section who is authorized to order this test 
under State law.
    (e) Limitation on coverage of screening prostate-specific antigen 
blood test. (1) Payment may not be made for a screening prostate-
specific antigen blood test performed for a man age 50 or younger.
    (2) For an individual over 50 years of age, payment may be made for 
a screening prostate-specific antigen blood test only if the man has not 
had such an examination paid for by Medicare during the preceding 11 
months following the month in which his last Medicare-covered screening 
prostate-specific antigen blood test was performed.

[64 FR 59440, Nov. 2, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 19331, Apr. 11, 2000]



Sec. 410.40  Coverage of ambulance services.

    (a). Basic rules. Medicare Part B covers ambulance services if the 
following conditions are met:
    (1) The supplier meets the applicable vehicle, staff, and billing 
and reporting requirements of Sec. 410.41 and the service meets the 
medical necessity and origin and destination requirements of paragraphs 
(d) and (e) of this section.
    (2) Medicare Part A payment is not made directly or indirectly for 
the services.
    (b) Levels of service. Medicare covers the following levels of 
ambulance service, which are defined in Sec. 414.605 of this chapter:
    (1) Basic life support (BLS) (emergency and nonemergency).
    (2) Advanced life support, level 1 (ALS1) (emergency and 
nonemergency).
    (3) Advanced life support, level 2 (ALS2).
    (4) Paramedic ALS intercept (PI).
    (5) Specialty care transport (SCT).
    (6) Fixed wing transport (FW).
    (7) Rotary wing transport (RW).
    (c) Paramedic ALS intercept services. Paramedic ALS intercept 
services must meet the following requirements:

[[Page 340]]

    (1) Be furnished in an area that is designated as a rural area by 
any law or regulation of the State or that is located in a rural census 
tract of a metropolitan statistical area (as determined under the most 
recent Goldsmith Modification). (The Goldsmith Modification is a 
methodology to identify small towns and rural areas within large 
metropolitan counties that are isolated from central areas by distance 
or other features.)
    (2) Be furnished under contract with one or more volunteer ambulance 
services that meet the following conditions:
    (i) Are certified to furnish ambulance services as required under 
Sec. 410.41.
    (ii) Furnish services only at the BLS level.
    (iii) Be prohibited by State law from billing for any service.
    (3) Be furnished by a paramedic ALS intercept supplier that meets 
the following conditions:
    (i) Is certified to furnish ALS services as required in Sec. 
410.41(b)(2).
    (ii) Bills all the recipients who receive ALS intercept services fro 
the entity, regardless of whether or not those recipients are Medicare 
beneficiaries.
    (d) Medical necessity requirements--(1) General rule. Medicare 
covers ambulance services, including fixed wing and rotary wing 
ambulance services, only if they are furnished to a beneficiary whose 
medical condition is such that other means of transportation are 
contraindicated. The beneficiary's condition must require both the 
ambulance transportation itself and the level of service provided in 
order for the billed service to be considered medically necessary. 
Nonemergency transportation by ambulance is appropriate if either: the 
beneficiary is bed-confined, and it is documented that the beneficiary's 
condition is such that other methods of transportation are 
contraindicated; or, if his or her medical condition, regardless of bed 
confinement, is such that transportation by ambulance is medically 
required. Thus, bed confinement is not the sole criterion in determining 
the medical necessity of ambulance transportation. It is one factor that 
is considered in medical necessity determinations. For a beneficiary to 
be considered bed-confined, the following criteria must be met:
    (i) The beneficiary is unable to get up from bed without assistance.
    (ii) The beneficiary is unable to ambulate.
    (iii) The beneficiary is unable to sit in a chair or wheelchair.
    (2) Special rule for nonemergency, scheduled, repetitive ambulance 
services. Medicare covers medically necessary nonemergency, scheduled, 
repetitive ambulance services if the ambulance provider or supplier, 
before furnishing the service to the beneficiary, obtains a written 
order from the beneficiary's attending physician certifying that the 
medical necessity requirements of paragraph (d)(1) of this section are 
met. The physician's order must be dated no earlier than 60 days before 
the date the service is furnished.
    (3) Special rule for nonemergency ambulance services that are either 
unscheduled or that are scheduled on a nonrepetitive basis. Medicare 
covers medically necessary nonemergency ambulance services that are 
either unscheduled or that are scheduled on a nonrepetitive basis under 
one of the following circumstances:
    (i) For a resident of a facility who is under the care of a 
physician if the ambulance provider or supplier obtains a written order 
from the beneficiary's attending physician, within 48 hours after the 
transport, certifying that the medical necessity requirements of 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section are met.
    (ii) For a beneficiary residing at home or in a facility who is not 
under the direct care of a physician. A physician certification is not 
required.
    (iii) If the ambulance provider or supplier is unable to obtain a 
signed physician certification statement from the beneficiary's 
attending physician, a signed certification statement must be obtained 
from either the physician assistant (PA), nurse practitioner (NP), 
clinical nurse specialist (CNS), registered nurse (RN), or discharge 
planner, who has personal knowledge of the beneficiary's condition at 
the time the ambulance transport is ordered or the service is furnished. 
This individual must be employed by the beneficiary's attending 
physician or by the hospital or facility where the beneficiary is

[[Page 341]]

being treated and from which the beneficiary is transported. Medicare 
regulations for PAs, NPs, and CNSs apply and all applicable State 
licensure laws apply; or,
    (iv) If the ambulance provider or supplier is unable to obtain the 
required certification within 21 calendar days following the date of the 
service, the ambulance supplier must document its attempts to obtain the 
requested certification and may then submit the claim. Acceptable 
documentation includes a signed return receipt from the U.S. Postal 
Service or other similar service that evidences that the ambulance 
supplier attempted to obtain the required signature from the 
beneficiary's attending physician or other individual named in paragraph 
(d)(3)(iii) of this section.
    (v) In all cases, the provider or supplier must keep appropriate 
documentation on file and, upon request, present it to the contractor. 
The presence of the signed certification statement or signed return 
receipt does not alone demonstrate that the ambulance transport was 
medically necessary. All other program criteria must be met in order for 
payment to be made.
    (e) Origin and destination requirements. Medicare covers the 
following ambulance transportation:
    (1) From any point of origin to the nearest hospital, CAH, or SNF 
that is capable of furnishing the required level and type of care for 
the beneficiary's illness or injury. The hospital or CAH must have 
available the type of physician or physician specialist needed to treat 
the beneficiary's condition.
    (2) From a hospital, CAH, or SNF to the beneficiary's home.
    (3) From a SNF to the nearest supplier of medically necessary 
services not available at the SNF where the beneficiary is a resident, 
including the return trip.
    (4) For a beneficiary who is receiving renal dialysis for treatment 
of ESRD, from the beneficiary's home to the nearest facility that 
furnishes renal dialysis, including the return trip.
    (f) Specific limits on coverage of ambulance services outside the 
United States. If services are furnished outside the United States, 
Medicare Part B covers ambulance transportation to a foreign hospital 
only in conjunction with the beneficiary's admission for medically 
necessary inpatient services as specified in subpart H of part 424 of 
this chapter.

[64 FR 3648, Jan. 25, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 13914, Mar. 15, 2000; 67 
FR 9132, Feb. 27, 2002]



Sec. 410.41  Requirements for ambulance suppliers.

    (a) Vehicle. A vehicle used as an ambulance must meet the following 
requirements:
    (1) Be specially designed to respond to medical emergencies or 
provide acute medical care to transport the sick and injured and comply 
with all State and local laws governing an emergency transportation 
vehicle.
    (2) Be equipped with emergency warning lights and sirens, as 
required by State or local laws.
    (3) Be equipped with telecommunications equipment as required by 
State or local law to include, at a minimum, one two-way voice radio or 
wireless telephone.
    (4) Be equipped with a stretcher, linens, emergency medical 
supplies, oxygen equipment, and other lifesaving emergency medical 
equipment as required by State or local laws.
    (b) Vehicle staff--(1) BLS vehicles. A vehicle furnishing ambulance 
services must be staffed by at least two people, one of whom must meet 
the following requirements:
    (i) Be certified as an emergency medical technician by the State or 
local authority where the services are furnished.
    (ii) Be legally authorized to operate all lifesaving and life-
sustaining equipment on board the vehicle.
    (2) ALS vehicles. In addition to meeting the vehicle staff 
requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, one of the two staff 
members must be certified as a paramedic or an emergency medical 
technician, by the State or local authority where the services are being 
furnished, to perform one or more ALS services.
    (c) Billing and reporting requirements. An ambulance supplier must 
comply with the following requirements:

[[Page 342]]

    (1) Bill for ambulance services using CMS-designated procedure codes 
to describe origin and destination and indicate on claims form that the 
physician certification is on file.
    (2) Upon a carrier's request, complete and return the ambulance 
supplier form designated by CMS and provide the Medicare carrier with 
documentation of compliance with emergency vehicle and staff licensure 
and certification requirements in accordance with State and local laws.
    (3) Upon a carrier's request, provide additional information and 
documentation as required.

[64 FR 3648, Jan. 25, 1999]



Sec. 410.42  Limitations on coverage of certain services furnished to 
hospital outpatients.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section, Medicare Part B does not pay for any item or service that is 
furnished to a hospital outpatient (as defined in Sec. 410.2) during an 
encounter (as defined in Sec. 410.2) by an entity other than the 
hospital unless the hospital has an arrangement (as defined in Sec. 
409.3 of this chapter) with that entity to furnish that particular 
service to its patients. As used in this paragraph, the term 
``hospital'' includes a CAH.
    (b) Exception. The limitations stated in paragraph (a) of this 
section do not apply to the following services:
    (1) Physician services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
415.102(a) of this chapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (2) Physician assistant services, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act.
    (3) Nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
defined in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (4) Certified nurse mid-wife services, as defined in section 
1861(gg) of the Act.
    (5) Qualified psychologist services, as defined in section 1861(ii) 
of the Act.
    (6) Services of an anesthetist, as defined in Sec. 410.69.
    (7) Services furnished to SNF residents as defined in Sec. 
411.15(p) of this chapter.

[65 FR 18536, Apr. 7, 2000]



Sec. 410.43  Partial hospitalization services: Conditions and exclusions.

    (a) Partial hospitalization services are services that--
    (1) Are reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or active 
treatment of the individual's condition;
    (2) Are reasonably expected to improve or maintain the individual's 
condition and functional level and to prevent relapse or 
hospitalization; and
    (3) Include any of the following:
    (i) Individual and group therapy with physicians or psychologists or 
other mental health professionals to the extent authorized under State 
law.
    (ii) Occupational therapy requiring the skills of a qualified 
occupational therapist.
    (iii) Services of social workers, trained psychiatric nurses, and 
other staff trained to work with psychiatric patients.
    (iv) Drugs and biologicals furnished for therapeutic purposes, 
subject to the limitations specified in Sec. 410.29.
    (v) Individualized activity therapies that are not primarily 
recreational or diversionary.
    (vi) Family counseling, the primary purpose of which is treatment of 
the individual's condition.
    (vii) Patient training and education, to the extent the training and 
educational activities are closely and clearly related to the 
individual's care and treatment.
    (viii) Diagnostic services.
    (b) The following services are separately covered and not paid as 
partial hospitalization services:
    (1) Physician services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
415.102(a) of this chapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (2) Physician assistant services, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act.
    (3) Nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
defined in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (4) Qualified psychologist services, as defined in section 1861(ii) 
of the Act.
    (5) Services furnished to SNF residents as defined in Sec. 
411.15(p) of this chapter.

[59 FR 6577, Feb. 11, 1994, as amended at 65 FR 18536, Apr. 7, 2000]

[[Page 343]]



Sec. 410.45  Rural health clinic services: Scope and conditions.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for the following rural health clinic 
services, if they are furnished in accordance with the requirements and 
conditions specified in part 405, subpart X, and part 491 of this 
chapter:
    (1) Physicians' services.
    (2) Services and supplies furnished as an incident to physicians' 
professional services.
    (3) Nurse practitioner and physician assistant services.
    (4) Services and supplies furnished as an incident to nurse 
practitioners' or physician assistants' services.
    (5) Visiting nurse services.
    (b) Medicare pays for rural health clinic services when they are 
furnished at the clinic, at a hospital or other medical facility, or at 
the beneficiary's place of residence.



Sec. 410.46  Physician and other practitioner services furnished in or at the 

direction of an IHS or Indian tribal hospital or clinic: Scope and conditions.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays, in accordance with the physician fee 
schedule, for services furnished in or at the direction of a hospital or 
outpatient clinic (provider-based or free-standing) that is operated by 
the Indian Health Service (IHS) or by an Indian tribe or tribal 
organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian 
Health Care Improvement Act). These services are subject to the same 
situations, terms, and conditions that would apply if the services were 
furnished in or at the direction of a hospital or clinic that is not 
operated by IHS or by an Indian tribe or tribal organization. Payments 
include health professional shortage areas incentive payments when the 
requirements for these incentive payments in Sec. 414.42 of this 
chapter are met.
    (b) Payment is not made under this section to the extent that 
Medicare otherwise pays for the same services under other provisions.
    (c) Payment is made under these provisions for the following 
services:
    (1) Services for which payment is made under the physician fee 
schedule in accordance with part 414 of this chapter.
    (2) Services furnished by non-physician practitioners for which 
payment under Part B is made under the physician fee schedule.
    (3) Services furnished by a physical therapist or occupational 
therapist, for which payment under Part B is made under the physician 
fee schedule.
    (d) Payments under these provisions will be paid to the IHS or 
tribal hospital or clinic.

[66 FR 55329, Nov. 1, 2001]



Sec. 410.50  Institutional dialysis services and supplies: Scope and 
conditions.

    Medicare Part B pays for the following institutional dialysis 
services and supplies if they are furnished in approved ESRD facilities:
    (a) All services, items, supplies, and equipment necessary to 
perform dialysis and drugs medically necessary in the treatment of the 
patient for ESRD.
    (b) Routine dialysis monitoring tests (i.e., hematocrit and clotting 
time) used by the facility to monitor the patients' fluids incident to 
each dialysis treatment, when performed by qualified staff of the 
facility under the direction of a physician, as provided in Sec. 
405.2163(b) of this chapter, even if the facility does not meet the 
conditions for coverage of services of independent laboratories in 
subpart M of part 405 of this chapter.
    (c) Routine diagnostic tests.
    (d) Epoetin (EPO) and its administration.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 43709, Sept. 4, 1991; 
59 FR 1285, Jan. 10, 1994]



Sec. 410.52  Home dialysis services, supplies, and equipment: Scope and 
conditions.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for the following services, supplies, and 
equipment furnished to an ESRD patient in his or her home:
    (1) Purchase or rental, installation, and maintenance of all 
dialysis equipment necessary for home dialysis, and reconditioning of 
this equipment. Dialysis equipment includes, but is not limited to, 
artificial kidney and automated peritoneal dialysis machines, and 
support equipment such as blood

[[Page 344]]

pumps, bubble detectors, and other alarm systems.
    (2) Items and supplies required for dialysis, including (but not 
limited to) dialyzers, syringes and needles, forceps, scissors, scales, 
sphygmomanometer with cuff and stethoscope, alcohol wipes, sterile 
drapes, and rubber gloves.
    (3) Home dialysis support services furnished by an approved ESRD 
facility, including periodic monitoring of the patient's home 
adaptation, emergency visits by qualified provider or facility 
personnel, any of the tests specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of 
Sec. 410.50, personnel costs associated with the installation and 
maintenance of dialysis equipment, testing and appropriate treatment of 
water, and ordering of supplies on an ongoing basis.
    (4) On or after July 1, 1991, epoetin (EPO) for use at home by a 
home dialysis patient and, on or after January 1, 1994, by a dialysis 
patient, if it has been determined, in accordance with Sec. 405.2163 of 
this chapter, that the patient is competent to use the drug safely and 
effectively.
    (b) Home dialysis support services specified in paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section must be furnished in accordance with a written treatment 
plan that is prepared and reviewed by a team consisting of the 
individual's physician and other qualified professionals. (Section 
405.2137 of this chapter contains specific details.)

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 43709, Sept. 4, 1991; 
59 FR 26959, May 25, 1994]



Sec. 410.55  Services related to kidney donations: Conditions.

    Medicare Part B pays for medical and other health services covered 
under this subpart that are furnished in connection with a kidney 
donation--
    (a) If the kidney is intended for an individual who has end-stage 
renal disease and is entitled to Medicare benefits; and
    (b) Regardless of whether the donor is entitled to Medicare.



Sec. 410.56  Screening pelvic examinations.

    (a) Conditions for screening pelvic examinations. Medicare Part B 
pays for a screening pelvic examination (including a clinical breast 
examination) if it is performed by a doctor of medicine or osteopathy 
(as defined in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act), or by a certified nurse 
midwife (as defined in section 1861(gg) of the Act), or a physician 
assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinic nurse specialist (as defined in 
section 1861(aa) of the Act) who is authorized under State law to 
perform the examination.
    (b) Limits on coverage of screening pelvic examinations. The 
following limitations apply to coverage of screening pelvic examination 
services:
    (1) General rule. Except as specified in paragraphs (b)(2) and 
(b)(3) of this section, payment may be made for a pelvic examination 
performed on an asymptomatic woman only if the individual has not had a 
pelvic examination paid for by Medicare during the preceding 23 months 
following the month in which her last Medicare-covered screening pelvic 
examination was performed.
    (2) More frequent screening based on high-risk factors. Subject to 
the limitation as specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, payment 
may be made for a screening pelvic examination performed more frequently 
than once every 24 months if the test is performed by a physician or 
other practitioner specified in paragraph (a) of this section, and there 
is evidence that the woman is at high risk (on the basis of her medical 
history or other findings) of developing cervical cancer or vaginal 
cancer, as determined in accordance with the following risk factors:
    (i) High risk factors for cervical cancer:
    (A) Early onset of sexual activity (under 16 years of age).
    (B) Multiple sexual partners (five or more in a lifetime).
    (C) History of a sexually transmitted disease (including HIV 
infection).
    (D) Absence of three negative or any Pap smears within the previous 
7 years.
    (ii) High risk factor for vaginal cancer: DES (diethylstilbestrol)-
exposed daughters of women who took DES during pregnancy.
    (3) More frequent screening for women of childbearing age. Subject 
to the limitation as specified in paragraph (b)(4)

[[Page 345]]

of this section, payment may be made for a screening pelvic examination 
performed more frequently than once every 24 months if the test is 
performed by a physician or other practitioner as specified in paragraph 
(a) of this section for a woman of childbearing age who has had an 
examination that indicated the presence of cervical or vaginal cancer or 
other abnormality during any of the preceding 3 years. The term ``woman 
of childbearing age'' means a woman who is premenopausal, and has been 
determined by a physician, or a qualified practitioner, as specified in 
paragraph (a) of this section, to be of childbearing age, based on her 
medical history or other findings.
    (4) Limitation applicable to women at high risk and those of 
childbearing age. Payment is not made for a screening pelvic examination 
for women considered to be at high risk (under any of the criteria 
described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section), or who qualify for 
coverage under the childbearing provision (under the criteria described 
in paragraph (b)(3) of this section) more frequently than once every 11 
months after the month that the last screening pelvic examination 
covered by Medicare was performed.

[62 FR 59101, Oct. 31, 1997; 63 FR 4596, Jan. 30, 1998, as amended at 66 
FR 55329, Nov. 1, 2001]



Sec. 410.57  Pneumococcal vaccine and flu vaccine.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for pneumococcal vaccine and its 
administration when reasonable and necessary for the prevention of 
disease, if the vaccine is ordered by a doctor of medicine or 
osteopathy.
    (b) Medicare Part B pays for the influenza virus vaccine and its 
administration.

[63 FR 35066, June 26, 1998]



Sec. 410.58  Additional services to HMO and CMP enrollees.

    Services not usually covered under Medicare Part B may be covered as 
medical and other health services if they are furnished to an enrollee 
of an HMO or a CMP and the following conditions are met:
    (a) The services are--
    (1) Furnished by a physician assistant or nurse practitioner as 
defined in Sec. 491.2 of this chapter, or are incident to services 
furnished by such a practitioner; or
    (2) Furnished by a clinical psychologist as defined in Sec. 417.416 
of this chapter to an enrollee of an HMO or CMP that participates in 
Medicare under a risk-sharing contract, or are incident to those 
services.
    (b) The services are services that would be covered under Medicare 
Part B if they were furnished by a physician or as incident to a 
physician's professional services.



Sec. 410.59  Outpatient occupational therapy services: Conditions.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as specified in paragraph (a)(3)(iii) of this 
section, Medicare Part B pays for outpatient occupational therapy 
services only if they are furnished by an individual meeting the 
qualifications in Sec. 484.4 of this chapter for an occupational 
therapist or by an appropriately supervised occupational therapy 
assistant but only under the following conditions:
    (1) They are furnished to a beneficiary while he or she is under the 
care of a physician who is a doctor of medicine, osteopathy, or 
podiatric medicine.
    (2) They are furnished under a written plan of treatment that meets 
the requirements of Sec. 410.61.
    (3) They are furnished--
    (i) By a provider as defined in Sec. 489.2 of this chapter, or by 
others under arrangements with, and under the supervision of, a 
provider; or
    (ii) By, or under the direct supervision of, an occupational 
therapist in private practice as described in paragraph (c) of this 
section; or
    (iii) By, or incident to the service of, a physician, physician 
assistant, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse practitioner when those 
professionals may perform occupational therapy services within the scope 
of State law. When an occupational therapy service is provided incident 
to the service of a physician, physician assistant, clinical nurse 
specialist, or nurse practitioner, by anyone other than a physician, 
physician assistant, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse practitioner, 
the service and

[[Page 346]]

the person who furnishes the service must meet the standards and 
conditions that apply to occupational therapy and occupational 
therapists, except that a license to practice occupational therapy in 
the State is not required.
    (b) Conditions for coverage of outpatient therapy services furnished 
to certain inpatients of a hospital or a CAH or SNF. Medicare Part B 
pays for outpatient occupational therapy services furnished to an 
inpatient of a hospital, CAH, or SNF who requires them but who has 
exhausted or is otherwise ineligible for benefit days under Medicare 
Part A.
    (c) Special provisions for services furnished by occupational 
therapists in private practice--(1) Basic qualifications. In order to 
qualify under Medicare as a supplier of outpatient occupational therapy 
services, each individual occupational therapist in private practice 
must meet the following requirements:
    (i) Be legally authorized (if applicable, licensed, certified, or 
registered) to engage in the private practice of occupational therapy by 
the State in which he or she practices, and practice only within the 
scope of his or her license, certification, or registration.
    (ii) Engage in the private practice of occupational therapy on a 
regular basis as an individual, in one of the following practice types:
    (A) An unincorporated solo practice.
    (B) A partnership or unincorporated group practice.
    (C) An unincorporated solo practice, partnership, or group practice, 
or a professional corporation or other incorporated occupational therapy 
practice.
    (D) An employee of a physician group.
    (E) An employee of a group that is not a professional corporation.
    (iii) Bill Medicare only for services furnished in his or her 
private practice office space, or in the patient's home. A therapist's 
private practice office space refers to the location(s) where the 
practice is operated, in the State(s) where the therapist (and practice, 
if applicable) is legally authorized to furnish services, during the 
hours that the therapist engages in practice at that location. When 
services are furnished in private practice office space, that space must 
be owned, leased, or rented by the practice and used for the exclusive 
purpose of operating the practice. A patient's home does not include any 
institution that is a hospital, an CAH, or a SNF.
    (iv) Treat individuals who are patients of the practice and for whom 
the practice collects fees for the services furnished.
    (2) Supervision of occupational therapy services. Occupational 
therapy services are performed by, or under the direct supervision of, 
an occupational therapist in private practice. All services not 
performed personally by the therapist must be performed by employees of 
the practice, directly supervised by the therapist, and included in the 
fee for the therapist's services.
    (d) Excluded services. No service is included as an outpatient 
occupational therapy service if it would not be included as an inpatient 
hospital service if furnished to a hospital or CAH inpatient.
    (e) Annual limitation on incurred expenses. (1) Amount of 
limitation. (i) In 1999, 2000, and 2001, no more than $1,500 of 
allowable charges incurred in a calendar year for outpatient 
occupational therapy services are recognized incurred expenses.
    (ii) In 2002 and thereafter, the limitation is determined by 
increasing the limitation in effect in the previous calendar year by the 
increase in the Medicare Economic Index for the current year.
    (iii) The limitation is not applied for services furnished from 
December 8, 2003 through December 31, 2005.
    (2) For purposes of applying the limitation, outpatient occupational 
therapy includes:
    (i) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, 
outpatient occupational therapy services furnished under this section;
    (ii) Outpatient occupational therapy services furnished by a 
comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility;
    (iii) Outpatient occupational therapy services furnished by a 
physician or incident to a physician's service;

[[Page 347]]

    (iv) Outpatient occupational therapy services furnished by a nurse 
practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or physician assistant or 
incident to their services.
    (3) For purposes of applying the limitation, outpatient occupational 
therapy services excludes services furnished by a hospital directly or 
under arrangements.

[63 FR 58906, Nov. 2, 1998, as amended at 67 FR 80040, Dec. 31, 2002; 69 
FR 66421, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.60  Outpatient physical therapy services: Conditions.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as specified in paragraph (a)(3)(iii) of this 
section, Medicare Part B pays for outpatient physical therapy services 
only if they are furnished by an individual meeting the qualifications 
in Sec. 484.4 of this chapter for a physical therapist or by an 
appropriately supervised physical therapist assistant but only under the 
following conditions:
    (1) They are furnished to a beneficiary while he or she is under the 
care of a physician who is a doctor of medicine, osteopathy, or 
podiatric medicine.
    (2) They are furnished under a written plan of treatment that meets 
the requirements of Sec. 410.61.
    (3) They are furnished--
    (i) By a provider as defined in Sec. 489.2 of this chapter, or by 
others under arrangements with, and under the supervision of, a 
provider; or
    (ii) By, or under the direct supervision of a physical therapist in 
private practice as described in paragraph (c) of this section; or
    (iii) By, or incident to the service of, a physician, physician 
assistant, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse practitioner when those 
professionals may perform physical therapy services under State law. 
When a physical therapy service is provided incident to the service of a 
physician, physician's assistant, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse 
practitioner, by anyone other than a physician, physician assistant, 
clinical nurse specialist, or nurse practitioner, the service and the 
person who furnishes the service must meet the standards and conditions 
that apply to physical therapy and physical therapists, except that a 
license to practice physical therapy in the State is not required.
    (b) Condition for coverage of outpatient physical therapy services 
furnished to certain inpatients of a hospital or a CAH or SNF. Medicare 
Part B pays for outpatient physical therapy services furnished to an 
inpatient of a hospital, CAH, or SNF who requires them but who has 
exhausted or is otherwise +ineligible for benefit days under Medicare 
Part A.
    (c) Special provisions for services furnished by physical therapists 
in private practice--(1) Basic qualifications. In order to qualify under 
Medicare as a supplier of outpatient physical therapy services, each 
individual physical therapist in private practice must meet the 
following requirements:
    (i) Be legally authorized (if applicable, licensed, certified, or 
registered) to engage in the private practice of physical therapy by the 
State in which he or she practices, and practice only within the scope 
of his or her license, certification, or registration.
    (ii) Engage in the private practice of physical therapy on a regular 
basis as an individual, in one of the following practice types:
    (A) An unincorporated solo practice.
    (B) An unincorporated partnership or unincorporated group practice.
    (C) An unincorporated solo practice, partnership, or group practice, 
or a professional corporation or other incorporated physical therapy 
practice.
    (D) An employee of a physician group.
    (E) An employee of a group that is not a professional corporation.
    (iii) Bill Medicare only for services furnished in his or her 
private practice office space, or in the patient's home. A therapist's 
private practice office space refers to the location(s) where the 
practice is operated, in the State(s) where the therapist (and practice, 
if applicable) is legally authorized to furnish services, during the 
hours that the therapist engages in practice at that location. When 
services are furnished in private practice office space, that space must 
be owned, leased, or rented by the practice and used for the exclusive 
purpose of operating the practice. A patient's home does not include any

[[Page 348]]

institution that is a hospital, a CAH, or a SNF.
    (iv) Treat individuals who are patients of the practice and for whom 
the practice collects fees for the services furnished.
    (2) Supervision of physical therapy services. Physical therapy 
services are performed by, or under the direct supervision of, a 
physical therapist in private practice. All services not performed 
personally by the therapist must be performed by employees of the 
practice, directly supervised by the therapist, and included in the fee 
for the therapist's services.
    (d) Excluded services. No service is included as an outpatient 
physical therapy service if it would not be included as an inpatient 
hospital service if furnished to a hospital or CAH inpatient.
    (e) Annual limitation on incurred expenses. (1) Amount of 
limitation. (i) In 1999, 2000, and 2001, no more than $1,500 of 
allowable charges incurred in a calendar year for outpatient physical 
therapy services are recognized incurred expenses.
    (ii) In 2002 and thereafter, the limitation shall be determined by 
increasing the limitation in effect in the previous calendar year by the 
increase in the Medicare Economic Index for the current year.
    (iii) The limitation is not applied for services furnished from 
December 8, 2003 through December 31, 2005.
    (2) For purposes of applying the limitation, outpatient physical 
therapy includes:
    (i) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, 
outpatient physical therapy services furnished under this section;
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(3) of this section 
outpatient speech-language pathology services furnished under Sec. 
410.62;
    (iii) Outpatient physical therapy and speech-language pathology 
services furnished by a comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation 
facility;
    (iv) Outpatient physical therapy and speech-language pathology 
services furnished by a physician or incident to a physician's service;
    (v) Outpatient physical therapy and speech-language pathology 
services furnished by a nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, 
or physician assistant or incident to their services.
    (3) For purposes of applying the limitation, outpatient physical 
therapy excludes services furnished by a hospital or CAH directly or 
under arrangements.

[63 FR 58906, Nov. 2, 1998, as amended at 67 FR 80041, Dec. 31, 2002; 69 
FR 66422, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.61  Plan of treatment requirements for outpatient rehabilitation 
services.

    (a) Basic requirement. Outpatient rehabilitation services (including 
services furnished by a qualified physical or occupational therapist in 
private practice), must be furnished under a written plan of treatment 
that meets the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (e) of this 
section.
    (b) Establishment of the plan. The plan is established before 
treatment is begun by one of the following:
    (1) A physician.
    (2) A physical therapist who furnishes the physical therapy 
services.
    (3) A speech-language pathologist who furnishes the speech-language 
pathology services.
    (4) An occupational therapist who furnishes the occupational therapy 
services.
    (5) A nurse practitioner, a clinical nurse specialist, or a 
physician assistant.
    (c) Content of the plan. The plan prescribes the type, amount, 
frequency, and duration of the physical therapy, occupational therapy, 
or speech-language pathology services to be furnished to the individual, 
and indicates the diagnosis and anticipated goals.
    (d) Changes in the plan. Any changes in the plan--
    (1) Are made in writing and signed by one of the following:
    (i) The physician.
    (ii) The physical therapist who furnishes the physical therapy 
services.
    (iii) The occupational therapist that furnishes the occupational 
therapy services.
    (iv) The speech-language pathologist who furnishes the speech-
language pathology services.
    (v) A registered professional nurse or a staff physician, in 
accordance with

[[Page 349]]

oral orders from the physician, physical therapist, occupational 
therapist, or speech-language pathologist who furnishes the services.
    (vi) A nurse practitioner, a clinical nurse specialist, or a 
physician assistant.
    (2) The changes are incorporated in the plan immediately.
    (e) Review of the plan. (1) The physician reviews the plan as often 
as the individual's condition requires, but at least every 30 days.
    (2) Each review is dated and signed by the physician who performs 
it.

[53 FR 6638, Mar. 2, 1988; 53 FR 12945, Apr. 20, 1988, as amended at 54 
FR 38680, Sept. 20, 1989; 54 FR 46614, Nov. 6, 1989. Redesignated at 56 
FR 8854, Mar. 1, 1991; 56 FR 23022, May 20, 1991; 63 FR 58907, Nov. 2, 
1998; 67 FR 80040, Dec. 31, 2002]



Sec. 410.62  Outpatient speech-language pathology services: Conditions and 
exclusions.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as specified in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this 
section, Medicare Part B pays for outpatient speech-language pathology 
services only if they are furnished by an individual who meets the 
qualifications for a speech-language pathologist in Sec. 484.4 of this 
chapter and only under the following conditions:
    (1) They are furnished to a beneficiary while he or she is under the 
care of a physician who is a doctor of medicine or osteopathy.
    (2) They are furnished under a written plan of treatment that--
    (i) Is established by a physician or, effective January 1, 1982, by 
either a physician or the speech-language pathologist who provides the 
services to the particular individual;
    (ii) Is periodically reviewed by a physician; and
    (iii) Meets the requirements of Sec. 410.61.
    (3) They are furnished--
    (i) By a provider as defined in Sec. 489.2 of this chapter, or by 
others under arrangements with, and under the supervision of, a 
provider; or
    (ii) By, or incident to the service of, a physician, physician 
assistant, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse practitioner when those 
professionals may perform speech-language pathology services under State 
law. When a speech-language pathology service is provided incident to 
the services of a physician, physician assistant, clinical nurse 
specialist, or nurse practitioner, by anyone other than a physician, 
physician assistant, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse practitioner, 
the service and the person who furnishes the service must meet the 
standards and conditions that apply to speech-language pathology and 
speech-language pathologists, except that a license to practice speech-
language pathology services in the State is not required.
    (b) Condition for coverage of outpatient speech-language pathology 
services to certain inpatients of a hospital, CAH, or SNF. Medicare Part 
B pays for outpatient speech-language pathology services furnished to an 
inpatient of a hospital, CAH, or SNF who requires the services but has 
exhausted or is otherwise ineligible for benefit days under Medicare 
Part A.
    (c) Excluded services. No service is included as an outpatient 
speech-language pathology service if it is not included as an inpatient 
hospital service if furnished to a hospital or CAH inpatient.
    (d) Limitation. After 1998, outpatient speech-language pathology 
services are subject to the limitation in Sec. 410.60(e).

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 56 
FR 8852, Mar. 1, 1991; 56 FR 23022, May 20. 1991; 58 FR 30668, May 26, 
1993; 63 FR 58907, Nov. 2, 1998; 69 FR 66422, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.63  Hepatitis B vaccine and blood clotting factors: Conditions.

    Notwithstanding the exclusion from coverage of vaccines (see Sec. 
405.310 of this chapter) and self-administered drugs (see Sec. 410.29), 
the following services are included as medical and other health services 
covered under Sec. 410.10, subject to the specified conditions:
    (a) Hepatitis B vaccine: Conditions. Effective September 1, 1984, 
hepatitis B vaccinations that are reasonable and necessary for the 
prevention of illness for those individuals who are at high or 
intermediate risk of contracting hepatitis B as listed below:
    (1) High risk groups. (i) End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients;
    (ii) Hemophiliacs who receive Factor VIII or IX concentrates;

[[Page 350]]

    (iii) Clients of institutions for the mentally retarded;
    (iv) Persons who live in the same household as a hepatitis B 
carrier;
    (v) Homosexual men;
    (vi) Illicit injectable drug abusers; and
    (vii) Pacific Islanders (that is, those Medicare beneficiaries who 
reside on Pacific islands under U.S. jurisdiction, other than residents 
of Hawaii).
    (2) Intermediate risk groups. (i) Staff in institutions for the 
mentally retarded and classroom employees who work with mentally 
retarded persons;
    (ii) Workers in health care professions who have frequent contact 
with blood or blood-derived body fluids during routine work (including 
workers who work outside of a hospital and have frequent contact with 
blood or other infectious secretions); and
    (iii) Heterosexually active persons with multiple sexual partners 
(that is, those Medicare beneficiaries who have had at least two 
documented episodes of sexually transmitted diseases within the 
preceding 5 years).
    (3) Exception. Individuals described in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) 
of this section are not considered at high or intermediate risk of 
contracting hepatitis B if they have undergone a prevaccination 
screening and have been found to be currently positive for antibodies to 
hepatitis B.
    (b) Blood clotting factors: Conditions. Effective July 18, 1984, 
blood clotting factors to control bleeding for hemophilia patients 
competent to use these factors without medical or other supervision, and 
items related to the administration of those factors. The amount of 
clotting factors covered under this provision is determined by the 
carrier based on the historical utilization pattern or profile developed 
by the carrier for each patient, and based on consideration of the need 
for a reasonable reserve supply to be kept in the home in the event of 
emergency or unforeseen circumstance.
    (c) Blood clotting factors: Furnishing Fee. (1) Effective January 1, 
2005, a furnishing fee of $0.14 per unit of clotting factor is paid to 
entities that furnish blood clotting factors unless the costs associated 
with furnishing the clotting factor are paid through another payment 
system, for example, hospitals that furnish clotting factor to patients 
during a Part A covered inpatient hospital stay.
    (2) The furnishing fee for blood clotting factors furnished in 2006 
or a subsequent year is be equal to the furnishing fee paid the previous 
year increased by the percentage increase in the consumer price index 
for medical care for the 12-month period ending with June of the 
previous year.

[55 FR 22790, June 4, 1990; 55 FR 31186, Aug. 1, 1990, as amended at 69 
FR 66422, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.66  Emergency outpatient services furnished by a nonparticipating 
hospital and services furnished in a foreign country.

    Conditions for payment of emergency inpatient services furnished by 
a nonparticipating U.S. hospital and for services furnished in a foreign 
country are set forth in subparts G and H of part 424 of this chapter.

[71 FR 48136, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 410.68  Antigens: Scope and conditions.

    Medicare Part B pays for--
    (a) Antigens that are furnished as services incident to a 
physician's professional services; or
    (b) A supply of antigen sufficient for not more than 12 months that 
is--
    (1) Prepared for a patient by a doctor of medicine or osteopathy who 
has examined the patient and developed a plan of treatment including 
dosage levels; and
    (2) Administered--
    (i) In accord with the plan of treatment developed by the doctor of 
medicine or osteopathy who prepared the antigen; and
    (ii) By a doctor of medicine or osteopathy or by a properly 
instructed person under the supervision of a doctor of medicine or 
osteopathy.

[54 FR 4026, Jan. 27, 1989, as amended at 65 FR 65440, Nov. 1, 2000]



Sec. 410.69  Services of a certified registered nurse anesthetist or an 
anesthesiologist's assistant: Basic rule and definitions.

    (a) Basic rule. Medicare Part B pays for anesthesia services and 
related care furnished by a certified registered

[[Page 351]]

nurse anesthetist or an anesthesiologist's assistant who is legally 
authorized to perform the services by the State in which the services 
are furnished.
    (b) Definitions. For purposes of this part--
    Anesthesiologist's assistant means a person who--
    (1) Works under the direction of an anesthesiologist;
    (2) Is in compliance with all applicable requirements of State law, 
including any licensure requirements the State imposes on nonphysician 
anesthetists; and
    (3) Is a graduate of a medical school-based anesthesiologist's 
assistant educational program that--
    (A) Is accredited by the Committee on Allied Health Education and 
Accreditation; and
    (B) Includes approximately two years of specialized basic science 
and clinical education in anesthesia at a level that builds on a 
premedical undergraduate science background.
    Anesthetist includes both an anesthesiologist's assistant and a 
certified registered nurse anesthetist.
    Certified registered nurse anesthetist means a registered nurse who:
    (1) Is licensed as a registered professional nurse by the State in 
which the nurse practices;
    (2) Meets any licensure requirements the State imposes with respect 
to non-physician anesthetists;
    (3) Has graduated from a nurse anesthesia educational program that 
meets the standards of the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia 
Programs, or such other accreditation organization as may be designated 
by the Secretary; and
    (4) Meets the following criteria:
    (i) Has passed a certification examination of the Council on 
Certification of Nurse Anesthetists, the Council on Recertification of 
Nurse Anesthetists, or any other certification organization that may be 
designated by the Secretary; or
    (ii) Is a graduate of a program described in paragraph (3) of this 
definition and within 24 months after that graduation meets the 
requirements of paragraph (4)(i) of this definition.

[57 FR 33896, July 31, 1992]



Sec. 410.71  Clinical psychologist services and services and supplies 
incident to clinical psychologist services.

    (a) Included services. (1) Medicare Part B covers services furnished 
by a clinical psychologist, who meets the requirements specified in 
paragraph (d) of this section, that are within the scope of his or her 
State license, if the services would be covered if furnished by a 
physician or as an incident to a physician's services.
    (2) Medicare Part B covers services and supplies furnished as an 
incident to the services of a clinical psychologist if the following 
requirements are met:
    (i) The services and supplies would be covered if furnished by a 
physician or as an incident to a physician's services.
    (ii) The services or supplies are of the type that are commonly 
furnished in a physician's or clinical psychologist's office and are 
either furnished without charge or are included in the physician's or 
clinical psychologist's bill.
    (iii) The services are an integral, although incidental, part of the 
professional services performed by the clinical psychologist.
    (iv) The services are performed under the direct supervision of the 
clinical psychologist. For example, when services are performed in the 
clinical psychologist's office, the clinical psychologist must be 
present in the office suite and immediately available to provide 
assistance and direction throughout the time the service is being 
performed.
    (v) The individual performing the service must be an employee of 
either the clinical psychologist or the legal entity that employs the 
supervising clinical psychologist, under the common law control test of 
the Act as more fully set forth in 20 CFR 404.1007.
    (b) Application of mental health treatment limitation. The treatment 
services of a clinical psychologist and services and supplies furnished 
as an incident to those services are subject to the limitation on 
payment for outpatient mental health treatment services set forth in 
Sec. 410.155.
    (c) Payment for consultations. A clinical psychologist or an 
attending or primary care physician may not bill Medicare or the 
beneficiary for the

[[Page 352]]

consultation that is required under paragraph (e) of this section.
    (d) Qualifications. For purposes of this subpart, a clinical 
psychologist is an individual who--
    (1) Holds a doctoral degree in psychology; and
    (2) Is licensed or certified, on the basis of the doctoral degree in 
psychology, by the State in which he or she practices, at the 
independent practice level of psychology to furnish diagnostic, 
assessment, preventive, and therapeutic services directly to 
individuals.
    (e) Agreement to consult. A clinical psychologist who bills Medicare 
Part B must agree to meet the requirements of paragraphs (e)(1) through 
(e)(3) of this section. The clinical psychologist's signature on a 
Medicare provider/supplier enrollment form indicates his or her 
agreement.
    (1) Unless the beneficiary's primary care or attending physician has 
referred the beneficiary to the clinical psychologist, to inform the 
beneficiary that it is desirable for the clinical psychologist to 
consult with the beneficiary's attending or primary care physician (if 
the beneficiary has such a physician) to consider any conditions 
contributing to the beneficiary's symptoms.
    (2) If the beneficiary assents to the consultation, in accordance 
with accepted professional ethical norms and taking into consideration 
patient confidentiality--
    (i) To attempt, within a reasonable time after receiving the 
consent, to consult with the physician; and
    (ii) If attempts to consult directly with the physician are not 
successful, to notify the physician, within a reasonable time, that he 
or she is furnishing services to the beneficiary.
    (3) Unless the primary care or attending physician referred the 
beneficiary to the clinical psychologist, to document, in the 
beneficiary's medical record, the date the patient consented or declined 
consent to consultation, the date of consultation, or, if attempts to 
consult did not succeed, the date and manner of notification to the 
physician.

[63 FR 20128, Apr. 23, 1998]



Sec. 410.73  Clinical social worker services.

    (a) Definition: clinical social worker. For purposes of this part, a 
clinical social worker is defined as an individual who--
    (1) Possesses a master's or doctor's degree in social work;
    (2) After obtaining the degree, has performed at least 2 years of 
supervised clinical social work; and
    (3) Either is licensed or certified as a clinical social worker by 
the State in which the services are performed or, in the case of an 
individual in a State that does not provide for licensure or 
certification as a clinical social worker--
    (i) Is licensed or certified at the highest level of practice 
provided by the laws of the State in which the services are performed; 
and
    (ii) Has completed at least 2 years or 3,000 hours of post master's 
degree supervised clinical social work practice under the supervision of 
a master's degree level social worker in an appropriate setting such as 
a hospital, SNF, or clinic.
    (b) Covered clinical social worker services. Medicare Part B covers 
clinical social worker services.
    (1) Definition. ``Clinical social worker services'' means, except as 
specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the services of a 
clinical social worker furnished for the diagnosis and treatment of 
mental illness that the clinical social worker is legally authorized to 
perform under State law (or the State regulatory mechanism provided by 
State law) of the State in which the services are performed. The 
services must be of a type that would be covered if they were furnished 
by a physician or as an incident to a physician's professional service 
and must meet the requirements of this section.
    (2) Exception. The following services are not clinical social worker 
services for purposes of billing Medicare Part B:
    (i) Services furnished by a clinical social worker to an inpatient 
of a Medicare-participating hospital.
    (ii) Services furnished by a clinical social worker to an inpatient 
of a Medicare-participating SNF.

[[Page 353]]

    (iii) Services furnished by a clinical social worker to a patient in 
a Medicare-participating dialysis facility if the services are those 
required by the conditions for coverage for ESRD facilities under Sec. 
405.2163 of this chapter.
    (c) Agreement to consult. A clinical social worker must comply with 
the consultation requirements set forth at Sec. 410.71(f) (reading 
``clinical psychologist'' as ``clinical social worker'').
    (d) Prohibited billing. (1) A clinical social worker may not bill 
Medicare for the services specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (2) A clinical social worker or an attending or primary care 
physician may not bill Medicare or the beneficiary for the consultation 
that is required under paragraph (c) of this section.

[63 FR 20128, Apr. 23, 1998]



Sec. 410.74  Physician assistants' services.

    (a) Basic rule. Medicare Part B covers physician assistants' 
services only if the following conditions are met:
    (1) The services would be covered as physicians' services if 
furnished by a physician (a doctor of medicine or osteopathy, as set 
forth in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act).
    (2) The physician assistant--
    (i) Meets the qualifications set forth in paragraph (c) of this 
section;
    (ii) Is legally authorized to perform the services in the State in 
which they are performed;
    (iii) Performs services that are not otherwise precluded from 
coverage because of a statutory exclusion;
    (iv) Performs the services under the general supervision of a 
physician (The supervising physician need not be physically present when 
the physician assistant is performing the services unless required by 
State law; however, the supervising physician must be immediately 
available to the physician assistant for consultation.);
    (v) Furnishes services that are billed by the employer of a 
physician assistant; and
    (vi) Performs the services--
    (A) In all settings in either rural and urban areas; or
    (B) As an assistant at surgery.
    (b) Services and supplies furnished incident to a physician 
assistant's services. Medicare covers services and supplies (including 
drugs and biologicals that cannot be self-administered) that are 
furnished incident to the physician assistant's services described in 
paragraph (a) of this section. These services and supplies are covered 
only if they--
    (1) Would be covered if furnished by a physician or as incident to 
the professional services of a physician;
    (2) Are the type that are commonly furnished in a physician's office 
and are either furnished without charge or are included in the bill for 
the physician assistants' services;
    (3) Are, although incidental, an integral part of the professional 
service performed by the physician;
    (4) Are performed under the direct supervision of the physician 
assistant (that is, the physician assistant is physically present and 
immediately available); and
    (5) Are performed by the employee of a physician assistant or an 
entity that employs both the physician assistant and the person 
providing the services.
    (c) Qualifications. For Medicare Part B coverage of his or her 
services, a physician assistant must meet all of the following 
conditions:
    (1) Have graduated from a physician assistant educational program 
that is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health 
Education Programs; or
    (2) Have passed the national certification examination that is 
administered by the National Commission on Certification of Physician 
Assistants; and
    (3) Be licensed by the State to practice as a physician assistant.
    (d) Professional services. Physician assistants can be paid for 
professional services only if the services have been professionally 
performed by them and no facility or other provider charges for the 
service or is paid any amount for the furnishing of those professional 
services.
    (1) Supervision of other nonphysician staff by a physician assistant 
does not constitute personal performance of a professional service by 
the physician assistant.
    (2) The services are provided on an assignment-related basis, and 
the physician assistant may not charge a beneficiary for a service not 
payable under

[[Page 354]]

this provision. If a beneficiary has made payment for a service, the 
physician assistant must make the appropriate refund to the beneficiary.

[63 FR 58907, Nov. 2, 1998; 64 FR 25457, May 12, 1999]



Sec. 410.75  Nurse practitioners' services.

    (a) Definition. As used in this section, the term ``physician'' 
means a doctor of medicine or osteopathy, as set forth in section 
1861(r)(1) of the Act.
    (b) Qualifications. For Medicare Part B coverage of his or her 
services, a nurse practitioner must--(1)(i) Be a registered professional 
nurse who is authorized by the State in which the services are furnished 
to practice as a nurse practitioner in accordance with State law; and
    (ii) Be certified as a nurse practitioner by a recognized national 
certifying body that has established standards for nurse practitioners; 
or
    (2) Be a registered professional nurse who is authorized by the 
State in which the services are furnished to practice as a nurse 
practitioner in accordance with State law and have been granted a 
Medicare billing number as a nurse practitioner by December 31, 2000; or
    (3) Be a nurse practitioner who on or after January 1, 2001, applies 
for a Medicare billing number for the first time and meets the standards 
for nurse practitioners in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) of this 
section; or
    (4) Be a nurse practitioner who on or after January 1, 2003, applies 
for a Medicare billing number for the first time and possesses a 
master's degree in nursing and meets the standards for nurse 
practitioners in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (c) Services. Medicare Part B covers nurse practitioners' services 
in all settings in both rural and urban areas, only if the services 
would be covered if furnished by a physician and the nurse 
practitioner--
    (1) Is legally authorized to perform them in the State in which they 
are performed;
    (2) Is not performing services that are otherwise excluded from 
coverage because of one of the statutory exclusions; and
    (3) Performs them while working in collaboration with a physician.
    (i) Collaboration is a process in which a nurse practitioner works 
with one or more physicians to deliver health care services within the 
scope of the practitioner's expertise, with medical direction and 
appropriate supervision as provided for in jointly developed guidelines 
or other mechanisms as provided by the law of the State in which the 
services are performed.
    (ii) In the absence of State law governing collaboration, 
collaboration is a process in which a nurse practitioner has a 
relationship with one or more physicians to deliver health care 
services. Such collaboration is to be evidenced by nurse practitioners 
documenting the nurse practitioners' scope of practice and indicating 
the relationships that they have with physicians to deal with issues 
outside their scope of practice. Nurse practitioners must document this 
collaborative process with physicians.
    (iii) The collaborating physician does not need to be present with 
the nurse practitioner when the services are furnished or to make an 
independent evaluation of each patient who is seen by the nurse 
practitioner.
    (d) Services and supplies incident to a nurse practitioners' 
services. Medicare Part B covers services and supplies (including drugs 
and biologicals that cannot be self-administered) incident to a nurse 
practitioner's services that meet the requirements in paragraph (c) of 
this section. These services and supplies are covered only if they--
    (1) Would be covered if furnished by a physician or as incident to 
the professional services of a physician;
    (2) Are of the type that are commonly furnished in a physician's 
office and are either furnished without charge or are included in the 
bill for the nurse practitioner's services;
    (3) Although incidental, are an integral part of the professional 
service performed by the nurse practitioner; and
    (4) Are performed under the direct supervision of the nurse 
practitioner (that is, the nurse practitioner must be physically present 
and immediately available).

[[Page 355]]

    (e) Professional services. Nurse practitioners can be paid for 
professional services only when the services have been personally 
performed by them and no facility or other provider charges, or is paid, 
any amount for the furnishing of the professional services.
    (1) Supervision of other nonphysician staff by a nurse practitioner 
does not constitute personal performance of a professional service by a 
nurse practitioner.
    (2) The services are provided on an assignment-related basis, and a 
nurse practitioner may not charge a beneficiary for a service not 
payable under this provision. If a beneficiary has made payment for a 
service, the nurse practitioner must make the appropriate refund to the 
beneficiary.

[63 FR 58908, Nov. 2, 1998; 64 FR 25457, May 12, 1999, as amended at 64 
FR 59440, Nov. 2, 1999]



Sec. 410.76  Clinical nurse specialists' services.

    (a) Definition. As used in this section, the term ``physician'' 
means a doctor of medicine or osteopathy, as set forth in section 
1861(r)(1) of the Act.
    (b) Qualifications. For Medicare Part B coverage of his or her 
services, a clinical nurse specialist must--
    (1) Be a registered nurse who is currently licensed to practice in 
the State where he or she practices and be authorized to perform the 
services of a clinical nurse specialist in accordance with State law;
    (2) Have a master's degree in a defined clinical area of nursing 
from an accredited educational institution; and
    (3) Be certified as a clinical nurse specialist by a national 
certifying body that has established standards for clinical nurse 
specialists and that is approved by the Secretary.
    (c) Services. Medicare Part B covers clinical nurse specialists' 
services in all settings in both rural and urban areas only if the 
services would be covered if furnished by a physician and the clinical 
nurse specialist--
    (1) Is legally authorized to perform them in the State in which they 
are performed;
    (2) Is not performing services that are otherwise excluded from 
coverage by one of the statutory exclusions; and
    (3) Performs them while working in collaboration with a physician.
    (i) Collaboration is a process in which a clinical nurse specialist 
works with one or more physicians to deliver health care services within 
the scope of the practitioner's expertise, with medical direction and 
appropriate supervision as provided for in jointly developed guidelines 
or other mechanisms as provided by the law of the State in which the 
services are performed.
    (ii) In the absence of State law governing collaboration, 
collaboration is a process in which a clinical nurse specialist has a 
relationship with one or more physicians to deliver health care 
services. Such collaboration is to be evidenced by clinical nurse 
specialists documenting the clinical nurse specialists' scope of 
practice and indicating the relationships that they have with physicians 
to deal with issues outside their scope of practice. Clinical nurse 
specialists must document this collaborative process with physicians.
    (iii) The collaborating physician does not need to be present with 
the clinical nurse specialist when the services are furnished, or to 
make an independent evaluation of each patient who is seen by the 
clinical nurse specialist.
    (d) Services and supplies furnished incident to clinical nurse 
specialists' services. Medicare Part B covers services and supplies 
(including drugs and biologicals that cannot be self-administered) 
incident to a clinical nurse specialist's services that meet the 
requirements in paragraph (c) of this section. These services and 
supplies are covered only if they--
    (1) Would be covered if furnished by a physician or as incident to 
the professional services of a physician;
    (2) Are of the type that are commonly furnished in a physician's 
office and are either furnished without charge or are included in the 
bill for the clinical nurse specialist's services;
    (3) Although incidental, are an integral part of the professional 
service performed by the clinical nurse specialist; and
    (4) Are performed under the direct supervision of the clinical nurse 
specialist (that is, the clinical nurse specialist must be physically 
present and immediately available).

[[Page 356]]

    (e) Professional services. Clinical nurse specialists can be paid 
for professional services only when the services have been personally 
performed by them and no facility or other provider charges, or is paid, 
any amount for the furnishing of the professional services.
    (1) Supervision of other nonphysician staff by clinical nurse 
specialists does not constitute personal performance of a professional 
service by clinical nurse specialists.
    (2) The services are provided on an assignment-related basis, and a 
clinical nurse specialist may not charge a beneficiary for a service not 
payable under this provision. If a beneficiary has made payment for a 
service, the clinical nurse specialist must make the appropriate refund 
to the beneficiary.

[63 FR 58908, Nov. 2, 1998, as amended at 67 FR 80040, Dec. 31, 2002]



Sec. 410.77  Certified nurse-midwives' services: Qualifications and 
conditions.

    (a) Qualifications. For Medicare coverage of his or her services, a 
certified nurse-midwife must:
    (1) Be a registered nurse who is legally authorized to practice as a 
nurse-midwife in the State where services are performed;
    (2) Have successfully completed a program of study and clinical 
experience for nurse-midwives that is accredited by an accrediting body 
approved by the U.S. Department of Education; and
    (3) Be certified as a nurse-midwife by the American College of 
Nurse-Midwives or the American College of Nurse-Midwives Certification 
Council.
    (b) Services. A certified nurse-midwife's services are services 
furnished by a certified nurse-midwife and services and supplies 
furnished as an incident to the certified nurse-midwife's services 
that--
    (1) Are within the scope of practice authorized by the law of the 
State in which they are furnished and would otherwise be covered if 
furnished by a physician or as an incident to a physician's service; and
    (2) Unless required by State law, are provided without regard to 
whether the certified nurse-midwife is under the supervision of, or 
associated with, a physician or other health care provider.
    (c) Incident to services: Basic rule. Medicare covers services and 
supplies furnished incident to the services of a certified nurse-
midwife, including drugs and biologicals that cannot be self-
administered, if the services and supplies meet the following 
conditions:
    (1) They would be covered if furnished by a physician or as incident 
to the professional services of a physician.
    (2) They are of the type that are commonly furnished in a 
physician's office and are either furnished without charge or are 
included in the bill for the certified nurse-midwife's services.
    (3) Although incidental, they are an integral part of the 
professional service performed by the certified nurse-midwife.
    (4) They are furnished under the direct supervision of a certified 
nurse-midwife (that is, the midwife is physically present and 
immediately available).
    (d) Professional services. A nurse-midwife can be paid for 
professional services only when the services have been performed 
personally by the nurse-midwife.
    (1) Supervision of other nonphysician staff by a nurse-midwife does 
not constitute personal performance of a professional service by the 
nurse-midwife.
    (2) The service is provided on an assignment-related basis, and a 
nurse-midwife may not charge a beneficiary for a service not payable 
under this provision. If the beneficiary has made payment for a service, 
the nurse-midwife must make the appropriate refund to the beneficiary.
    (3) A nurse-midwife may provide services that he or she is legally 
authorized to perform under State law as a nurse-midwife, if the 
services would otherwise be covered by the Medicare program when 
furnished by a physician or incident to a physicians' professional 
services.

[63 FR 58909, Nov. 2, 1998]



Sec. 410.78  Telehealth services.

    (a) Definitions. For the purposes of this section the following 
definitions apply:
    (1) Asynchronous store and forward technologies means the 
transmission of

[[Page 357]]

a patient's medical information from an originating site to the 
physician or practitioner at the distant site. The physician or 
practitioner at the distant site can review the medical case without the 
patient being present. An asynchronous telecommunications system in 
single media format does not include telephone calls, images transmitted 
via facsimile machines and text messages without visualization of the 
patient (electronic mail). Photographs visualized by a 
telecommunications system must be specific to the patient's medical 
condition and adequate for furnishing or confirming a diagnosis and or 
treatment plan. Dermatological photographs, for example, a photograph of 
a skin lesion, may be considered to meet the requirement of a single 
media format under this provision.
    (2) Distant site means the site at which the physician or 
practitioner delivering the service is located at the time the service 
is provided via a telecommunications system.
    (3) Interactive telecommunications system means multimedia 
communications equipment that includes, at a minimum, audio and video 
equipment permitting two-way, real-time interactive communication 
between the patient and distant site physician or practitioner. 
Telephones, facsimile machines, and electronic mail systems do not meet 
the definition of an interactive telecommunications system.
    (4) Originating site means the location of an eligible Medicare 
beneficiary at the time the service being furnished via a 
telecommunications system occurs. For asynchronous store and forward 
telecommunications technologies, the only originating sites are Federal 
telemedicine demonstration programs conducted in Alaska or Hawaii.
    (b) General rule. Medicare Part B pays for office and other 
outpatient visits, professional consultation, psychiatric diagnostic 
interview examination, individual psychotherapy, pharmacologic 
management, end stage renal disease related services included in the 
monthly capitation payment (except for one visit per month to examine 
the access site), and individual medical nutrition therapy furnished by 
an interactive telecommunications system if the following conditions are 
met:
    (1) The physician or practitioner at the distant site must be 
licensed to furnish the service under State law. The physician or 
practitioner at the distant site who is licensed under State law to 
furnish a covered telehealth service described in this section may bill, 
and receive payment for, the service when it is delivered via a 
telecommunications system.
    (2) The practitioner at the distant site is one of the following:
    (i) A physician as described in Sec. 410.20.
    (ii) A physician assistant as described Sec. 410.74.
    (iii) A nurse practitioner as described in Sec. 410.75.
    (iv) A clinical nurse specialist as described in Sec. 410.76.
    (v) A nurse-midwife as described in Sec. 410.77.
    (vi) A clinical psychologist as described in Sec. 410.71.
    (vii) A clinical social worker as described in Sec. 410.73.
    (viii) A registered dietitian or nutrition professional as described 
in Sec. 410.134.
    (3) The services are furnished to a beneficiary at an originating 
site, which is one of the following:
    (i) The office of a physician or practitioner.
    (ii) A critical access hospital (as described in section 1861(mm)(1) 
of the Act).
    (iii) A rural health clinic (as described in section 1861(aa)(2) of 
the Act).
    (iv) A Federally qualified health center (as defined in section 
1861(aa)(4) of the Act).
    (v) A hospital (as defined in section 1861(e) of the Act).
    (4) Originating sites must be located in either a rural health 
professional shortage area as defined under section 332(a)(1)(A) of the 
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254e(a)(1)(A)) or in a county that 
is not included in a Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined in section 
1886(d)(2)(D) of the Act. Entities participating in a Federal 
telemedicine demonstration project that have been approved by, or 
receive funding from, the Secretary as of December

[[Page 358]]

31, 2000 qualify as an eligible originating site regardless of 
geographic location.
    (5) The medical examination of the patient is under the control of 
the physician or practitioner at the distant site.
    (c) Telepresenter not required. A telepresenter is not required as a 
condition of payment unless a telepresenter is medically necessary as 
determined by the physician or practitioner at the distant site.
    (d) Exception to the interactive telecommunications system 
requirement. For Federal telemedicine demonstration programs conducted 
in Alaska or Hawaii only, Medicare payment is permitted for telehealth 
when asynchronous store and forward technologies, in single or 
multimedia formats, are used as a substitute for an interactive 
telecommunications system.
    (e) Limitation. A clinical psychologist and a clinical social worker 
may bill and receive payment for individual psychotherapy via a 
telecommunications system, but may not seek payment for medical 
evaluation and management services.
    (f) Process for adding or deleting services. Changes to the list of 
Medicare telehealth services are made through the annual physician fee 
schedule rulemaking process.

[66 FR 55330, Nov. 1, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 80041, Dec. 31, 2002; 69 
FR 66423, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 70330, Nov. 21, 2005]



                Subpart C_Home Health Services Under SMI



Sec. 410.80  Applicable rules.

    Home health services furnished under Medicare Part B are subject to 
the rules set forth in subpart E of part 409 of this chapter.



   Subpart D_Comprehensive Outpatient Rehabilitation Facility (CORF) 
                                Services



Sec. 410.100  Included services.

    Subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in Sec. Sec. 
410.102 and 410.105, CORF services means the following services 
furnished to an outpatient of the CORF by personnel that meet the 
qualifications set forth in Sec. 485.70 of this chapter.
    (a) Physicians' services. The following services of the facility 
physician constitute CORF services: consultation with and medical 
supervision of non-physician staff, establishment and review of the plan 
of treatment, and other medical and facility administration activities. 
Those services are reimbursed on a reasonable cost basis under part 413 
of this chapter. Diagnostic and therapeutic services furnished to an 
individual patient are not CORF physician's services. If covered, 
payment for these services would be made by the carrier on a reasonable 
charge basis subject to the provisions of subpart E of part 405 of this 
chapter.
    (b) Physical therapy services. (1) These services include--
    (i) Testing and measurement of the function or dysfunction of the 
neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems; 
and.
    (ii) Assessment and treatment related to dysfunction caused by 
illness or injury, and aimed at preventing or reducing disability or 
pain and restoring lost function.
    (2) The establishment of a maintenance therapy program for an 
individual whose restoration potential has been reached is a physical 
therapy service; however, maintenance therapy itself is not covered as 
part of these services.
    (c) Occupational therapy services. These services include--
    (1) Teaching of compensatory techniques to permit an individual with 
a physical impairment or limitation to engage in daily activities.
    (2) Evaluation of an individual's level of independent functioning.
    (3) Selection and teaching of task-oriented therapeutic activities 
to restore sensory-integrative function; and
    (4) Assessment of an individual's vocational potential, except when 
the assessment is related solely to vocational rehabilitation.
    (d) Speech-language pathology services. These are services for the 
diagnosis and treatment of speech and language disorders that create 
difficulties in communication.

[[Page 359]]

    (e) Respiratory therapy services. (1) These are services for the 
assessment, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, management, and monitoring 
of patients with deficiencies or abnormalities of cardiopulmonary 
function.
    (2) These services include--
    (i) Application of techniques for support of oxygenation and 
ventilation of the patient and for pulmonary rehabilitation.
    (ii) Therapeutic use and monitoring of gases, mists, and aerosols 
and related equipment;
    (iii) Bronchial hygiene therapy;
    (iv) Pulmonary rehabilitation techniques such as exercise 
conditioning, breathing retraining and patient education in the 
management of respiratory problems.
    (v) Diagnostic tests to be evaluated by a physician, such as 
pulmonary function tests, spirometry and blood gas analysis; and
    (vi) Periodic assessment of chronically ill patients and their need 
for respiratory therapy.
    (f) Prosthetic device services. These services include--
    (1) Prosthetic devices (excluding dental devices and renal dialysis 
machines), that replace all or part of an internal body organ or 
external body member (including contiguous tissue) or replace all or 
part of the function of a permanently inoperative or malfunctioning 
external body member or internal body organ; and
    (2) Services necessary to design the device, select materials and 
components, measure, fit, and align the device, and instruct the patient 
in its use.
    (g) Orthotic device services. These services include--
    (1) Orthopedic devices that support or align movable parts of the 
body, prevent or correct deformities, or improve functioning; and
    (2) Services necessary to design the device, select the materials 
and components, measure, fit, and align the device, and instruct the 
patient in its use.
    (h) Social services. These services include--
    (1) Assessment of the social and emotional factors related to the 
individual's illness, need for care, response to treatment, and 
adjustment to care furnished by the facility;
    (2) Casework services to assist in resolving social or emotional 
problems that may have an adverse effect on the beneficiary's ability to 
respond to treatment; and
    (3) Assessment of the relationship of the individual's medical and 
nursing requirements to his or her home situation, financial resources, 
and the community resources available upon discharge from facility care.
    (i) Psychological services. These services include--
    (1) Assessment, diagnosis and treatment of an individual's mental 
and emotional functioning as it relates to the individual's 
rehabilitation;
    (2) Psychological evaluations of the individual's response to and 
rate of progress under the treatment plan; and
    (3) Assessment of those aspects of an individual's family and home 
situation that affect the individual's rehabilitation treatment.
    (j) Nursing care services. These services include nursing services 
specified in the plan of treatment and any other nursing services 
necessary for the attainment of the rehabilitation goals.
    (k) Drugs and biologicals. These are drugs and biologicals that 
are--
    (1) Prescribed by a physician and administered by or under the 
supervision of a physician or a registered professional nurse; and
    (2) Not excluded from Medicare Part B payment for reasons specified 
in Sec. 410.29.
    (l) Supplies, appliances, and equipment. These include--
    (1) Non-reusable supplies such as oxygen and bandages;
    (2) Medical equipment and appliances; and
    (3) Durable medical equipment of the type specified in Sec. 410.38, 
(except renal dialysis systems) for use outside the CORF, whether 
purchased or rented.
    (m) Home environment evaluation. This is a single home visit to 
evaluate the potential impact of the home situation on the 
rehabilitation goals.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986; 52 FR 4499, Feb. 12, 1987]

[[Page 360]]



Sec. 410.102  Excluded services.

    None of the services specified in Sec. 410.100 is covered as a CORF 
service if the service--
    (a) Would not be covered as an inpatient hospital service if 
furnished to a hospital inpatient;
    (b) Is not reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment 
of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body 
member. An example would be services furnished as part of a maintenance 
program involving repetitive activities that do not require the skilled 
services of nurses or therapists.



Sec. 410.105  Requirements for coverage of CORF services.

    Services specified in Sec. 410.100 and not excluded under Sec. 
410.102 are covered as CORF services if they are furnished by a 
participating CORF (that is, a CORF that meets the conditions of subpart 
B of part 485 of this chapter, and has in effect a provider agreement 
under part 489 of this chapter) and if the following requirements are 
met:
    (a) Referral and medical history. The services must be furnished to 
an individual who is referred by a physician who certifies that the 
individual needs skilled rehabilitation services, and makes the 
following information available to the CORF before or at the time 
treatment is begun:
    (1) The individual's significant medical history.
    (2) Current medical findings.
    (3) Diagnosis(es) and contraindications to any treatment modality.
    (4) Rehabilitation goals, if determined.
    (b) When and where services are furnished. (1) All services must be 
furnished while the individual is under the care of a physician.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the 
services must be furnished on the premises of the CORF.
    (3) Exceptions. (i) Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and 
speech pathology services may be furnished away from the premises of the 
CORF.
    (ii) The single home visit specified in Sec. 410.100(m) is also 
covered.
    (c) Plan of treatment. (1) The services must be furnished under a 
written plan of treatment that--
    (i) Is established and signed by a physician before treatment is 
begun; and
    (ii) Prescribes the type, amount, frequency, and duration of the 
services to be furnished, and indicates the diagnosis and anticipated 
rehabilitation goals.
    (2) The plan must be reviewed at least every 60 days by a facility 
physician who, when appropriate, consults with the professional 
personnel providing the services.
    (3) The reviewing physician must certify or recertify that the plan 
is being followed, the patient is making progress in attaining the 
rehabilitation goals, and the treatment is having no harmful effects on 
the patient.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 8841, Mar. 1, 1991]



  Subpart E_Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) Providing Partial 
                        Hospitalization Services



Sec. 410.110  Requirements for coverage of partial hospitalization services 
by CMHCs.

    Medicare part B covers partial hospitalization services furnished by 
or under arrangements made by a CMHC if they are provided by a CMHC as 
defined in Sec. 410.2 that has in effect a provider agreement under 
part 489 of this chapter and if the services are--
    (a) Prescribed by a physician and furnished under the general 
supervision of a physician;
    (b) Subject to certification by a physician in accordance with Sec. 
424.24(e)(1) of this subchapter; and
    (c) Furnished under a plan of treatment that meets the requirements 
of Sec. 424.24(e)(2) of this subchapter.

[59 FR 6577, Feb. 11, 1994]

Subpart F [Reserved]



                   Subpart G_Medical Nutrition Therapy

    Source: 66 FR 55331, Nov. 1, 2001, unless otherwise noted.

[[Page 361]]



Sec. 410.130  Definitions.

    For the purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:
    Chronic renal insufficiency means the stage of renal disease 
associated with a reduction in renal function not severe enough to 
require dialysis or transplantation (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] 
13-50 ml/min/1.73m\2\).
    Diabetes means diabetes mellitus, a condition of abnormal glucose 
metabolism diagnosed using the following criteria: A fasting blood sugar 
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL on two different occasions; a 2 hour 
post-glucose challenge greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL on 2 different 
occasions; or a random glucose test over 200 mg/dL for a person with 
symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes.
    Episode of care means services covered in a 12-month time period 
when coordinated with initial diabetes self-management training (DSMT) 
and one calendar year for each year thereafter, starting with the 
assessment and including all covered interventions based on referral(s) 
from a physician as specified in Sec. 410.132(c). The time period 
covered for gestational diabetes extends only until the pregnancy ends.
    Medical nutrition therapy services means nutritional diagnostic, 
therapeutic, and counseling services provided by a registered dietitian 
or nutrition professional for the purpose of managing diabetes or a 
renal disease.
    Physician means a doctor of medicine or osteopathy legally 
authorized to practice medicine and surgery by the State in which he or 
she performs such function or action (including a physician within the 
meaning of section of 1101(a)(7) of the Act).
    Renal disease means chronic renal insufficiency, end-stage renal 
disease when dialysis is not received, or the medical condition of a 
beneficiary for 36 months after kidney transplant.
    Treating physician means the primary care physician or specialist 
coordinating care for the beneficiary with diabetes or renal disease.

[66 FR 55331, Nov. 1, 2001, as amended at 68 FR 63261, Nov. 7, 2003]



Sec. 410.132  Medical nutrition therapy.

    (a) Conditions for coverage of MNT services. Medicare Part B pays 
for MNT services provided by a registered dietitian or nutrition 
professional as defined in Sec. 410.134 when the beneficiary is 
referred for the service by the treating physician. Services covered 
consist of face-to-face nutritional assessments and interventions in 
accordance with nationally accepted dietary or nutritional protocols.
    (b) Limitations on coverage of MNT services. (1) MNT services based 
on a diagnosis of renal disease as described in this subpart are not 
covered for beneficiaries receiving maintenance dialysis for which 
payment is made under section 1881 of the Act.
    (2) A beneficiary may only receive the maximum number of hours 
covered under the DSMT benefit for both DSMT and MNT during the initial 
DSMT training period unless additional hours are determined to be 
medically necessary under the national coverage determination process.
    (3) In years when the beneficiary is eligible for MNT and follow-up 
DSMT, the beneficiary may only receive the maximum number of hours 
covered under MNT unless additional hours are determined to be medically 
necessary under the national coverage determination process.
    (4) If a beneficiary has both diabetes and renal disease, the 
beneficiary may only receive the maximum number of hours covered under 
the renal MNT benefit in one episode of care unless he or she is 
receiving initial DSMT services, in which case the beneficiary would 
receive whichever is greater.
    (5) An exception to the maximum number of hours in (b)(2), (3), and 
(4) of this section may be made when the treating physician determines 
that there is a change of diagnosis, medical condition, or treatment 
regimen related to diabetes or renal disease that requires a change in 
MNT during an episode of care.
    (c) Referrals. Referral may only be made by the treating physician 
when the beneficiary has been diagnosed with diabetes or renal disease 
as defined in this subpart with documentation maintained by the 
referring physician in the beneficiary's medical

[[Page 362]]

record. Referrals must be made for each episode of care and any 
additional assessments or interventions required by a change of 
diagnosis, medical condition, or treatment regimen during an episode of 
care.



Sec. 410.134  Provider qualifications.

    For Medicare Part B coverage of MNT, only a registered dietitian or 
nutrition professional may provide the services. ``Registered dietitian 
or nutrition professional'' means an individual who, on or after 
December 22, 2000:
    (a) Holds a bachelor's or higher degree granted by a regionally 
accredited college or university in the United States (or an equivalent 
foreign degree) with completion of the academic requirements of a 
program in nutrition or dietetics accredited by an appropriate national 
accreditation organization recognized for this purpose.
    (b) Has completed at least 900 hours of supervised dietetics 
practice under the supervision of a registered dietitian or nutrition 
professional.
    (c) Is licensed or certified as a dietitian or nutrition 
professional by the State in which the services are performed. In a 
State that does not provide for licensure or certification, the 
individual will be deemed to have met this requirement if he or she is 
recognized as a ``registered dietitian'' by the Commission on Dietetic 
Registration or its successor organization, or meets the requirements of 
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
    (d) Exceptions. (i) A dietitian or nutritionist licensed or 
certified in a State as of December 21, 2000 is not required to meet the 
requirements of (a) and (b) of this section.
    (ii) A ``registered dietitian'' in good standing, as recognized by 
the Commission of Dietetic Registration or its successor organization, 
is deemed to have met the requirements of (a) and (b) of this section.

[66 55331, Nov. 1, 2001; 67 FR 20684, Apr. 26, 2002]



  Subpart H_Outpatient Diabetes Self-Management Training and Diabetes 
                          Outcome Measurements

    Source: 65 FR 83148, Dec. 29, 2000, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 410.140  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply:
    ADA stands for the American Diabetes Association.
    Approved entity means an individual, physician, or entity accredited 
by an approved organization as meeting one of the sets of quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144 and approved by CMS under Sec. 
410.141(e) to furnish training.
    Deemed entity means an individual, physician, or entity accredited 
by an approved organization, but that has not yet been approved by CMS 
to furnish and receive Medicare payment for the training. Upon being 
approved by CMS under Sec. 410.141(e) to furnish training, CMS refers 
to this entity as an ``approved entity''.
    Diabetes means diabetes mellitus, a condition of abnormal glucose 
metabolism diagnosed using the following criteria: A fasting blood sugar 
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL on two different occasions; a 2 hour 
post-glucose challenge greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL on 2 different 
occasions; or a random glucose test over 200 mg/dL for a person with 
symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes.
    NSDSMEP stands for the National Standards for Diabetes Self 
Management Education Programs.
    Organization means a national accreditation organization.
    Rural means an area that meets one of the following conditions:
    (1) Is not urbanized (as defined by the Bureau of the Census) and 
that is designated by the chief executive officer of the State, and 
certified by the Secretary, as an area with a shortage of personal 
health services.
    (2) Is designated by the Secretary either as an area with a shortage 
of personal health services or as a health professional shortage area.

[[Page 363]]

    (3) Is designated by the Indian Health Service as a health service 
delivery area as defined in Sec. 36.15 of this title.
    Training means outpatient diabetes self-management training.

[65 FR 83148, Dec. 29, 2000, as amended at 68 FR 63261, Nov. 7, 2003]



Sec. 410.141  Outpatient diabetes self-management training.

    (a) General rule. Medicare Part B covers training defined in Sec. 
410.140 if all of the conditions and requirements of this subpart are 
met.
    (b) Conditions for coverage. The training must meet the following 
conditions:
    (1) Training orders. Following an evaluation of the beneficiary's 
need for the training, it is ordered by the physician (or qualified 
nonphysician practitioner) (as defined in Sec. 410.32(a)) treating the 
beneficiary's diabetes.
    (2) Plan of care. It is included in a comprehensive plan of care 
established by the physician (or qualified nonphysician practitioner) 
treating the beneficiary for diabetes that meets the following 
requirements:
    (i) Describes the content, number of sessions, frequency, and 
duration of the training as written by the physician (or qualified 
nonphysician practitioner) treating the beneficiary.
    (ii) Contains a statement specified by CMS and signed by the 
physician (or qualified nonphysician practitioner) managing the 
beneficiary's diabetic condition. By signing this statement, the 
physician (or qualified nonphysician practitioner) certifies that he or 
she is managing the beneficiary's diabetic condition and the training 
described in the plan of care is needed to ensure therapy compliance or 
to provide the beneficiary with the skills and knowledge to help manage 
the beneficiary's diabetes. The physician's (or qualified nonphysician 
practitioner's) statement must identify the beneficiary's specific 
medical conditions (described in paragraph (d) of this section) that the 
training will address.
    (iii) Provides that any changes to the plan of care are signed by 
the physician (or qualified nonphysician practitioner) treating the 
beneficiary.
    (iv) Is incorporated into the approved entity's medical record for 
the beneficiary and is made available, upon request, to CMS.
    (3) Reasonable and necessary. It is reasonable and necessary for 
treating or monitoring the condition of a beneficiary who meets the 
conditions described in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (c) Types and frequency of training--(1) Initial training--
     General rule. (i) Medicare Part B covers initial training that 
meets the following conditions:
    (A) Is furnished to a beneficiary who has not previously received 
initial training under this benefit.
    (B) Is furnished within a continuous 12-month period.
    (C) Does not exceed a total of 10 hours.
    (D) Except as permitted under paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section, 
9 hours of the training are furnished in a group setting consisting of 2 
to 20 individuals who need not all be Medicare beneficiaries.
    (E) Is furnished in increments of no less than one-half hour.
    (F) May include 1 hour of individual training for an assessment of 
the beneficiary's training needs.
    (ii) Exception. Medicare covers training on an individual basis for 
a Medicare beneficiary who meets any of the following conditions:
    (A) No group session is available within 2 months of the date the 
training is ordered.
    (B) The beneficiary's physician (or qualified nonphysician 
practitioner) documents in the beneficiary's medical record that the 
beneficiary has special needs resulting from conditions, such as severe 
vision, hearing, or language limitations that will hinder effective 
participation in a group training session.
    (2) Follow-up training. After receiving the initial training 
described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, Medicare covers follow-up 
training that meets the following conditions:
    (i) Consists of no more than 2 hours individual or group training 
for a beneficiary each year.
    (ii) Group training consists of 2 to 20 individuals who need not all 
be Medicare beneficiaries.
    (iii) Is furnished any time in a calendar year following the year in 
which

[[Page 364]]

the beneficiary completes the initial training.
    (iv) Is furnished in increments of no less than one-half hour.
    (v) The physician (or qualified nonphysician practitioner) treating 
the beneficiary must document, in the referral for training and the 
beneficiary's medical record, the specific medical condition (described 
in paragraph (d) of this section) that the follow-up training must 
address.
    (d) Beneficiaries who may be covered. Medicare Part B covers 
outpatient diabetes self-management training for a beneficiary who has 
been diagnosed with diabetes.
    (e) Who may furnish services. Training may be furnished by a 
physician, individual, or entity that meets the following conditions:
    (1) Furnishes other services for which direct Medicare payment may 
be made.
    (2) May properly receive Medicare payment under Sec. 424.73 or 
Sec. 424.80 of this chapter, which set forth prohibitions on assignment 
and reassignment of benefits.
    (3) Submits necessary documentation to, and is accredited by, an 
accreditation organization approved by CMS under Sec. 410.142 to meet 
one of the sets of quality standards described in Sec. 410.144.
    (4) Provides documentation to CMS, as requested, including diabetes 
outcome measurements set forth at Sec. 410.146.

[65 FR 83148, Dec. 29, 2000, as amended at 68 FR 63261, Nov. 7, 2003]



Sec. 410.142  CMS process for approving national accreditation organizations.

    (a) General rule. CMS may approve and recognize a nonprofit or not-
for-profit organization with demonstrated experience in representing the 
interest of individuals with diabetes to accredit entities to furnish 
training.
    (b) Required information and materials. An organization requesting 
CMS's approval and recognition of its accreditation program must furnish 
to CMS the following information and materials:
    (1) The requirements and quality standards that the organization 
uses to accredit entities to furnish training.
    (2) If an organization does not use the CMS quality standards or the 
NSDSMEP quality standards described in Sec. 410.144(a) or (b), a 
detailed comparison including a crosswalk between the organization's 
standards and the CMS quality standards described in Sec. 410.144(a).
    (3) Detailed information about the organization's accreditation 
process, including all of the following information:
    (i) Frequency of accreditation.
    (ii) Copies of accreditation forms, guidelines, and instructions to 
evaluators.
    (iii) Descriptions of the following:
    (A) The accreditation review process and the accreditation status 
decision making process.
    (B) The procedures used to notify a deemed entity of deficiencies in 
its outpatient diabetes self-management training program and procedures 
to monitor the correction of those deficiencies.
    (C) The procedures used to enforce compliance with the accreditation 
requirements and standards.
    (4) Detailed information about the individuals who perform 
evaluations for the organization, including all of the following 
information:
    (i) The education and experience requirements for the individuals 
who perform evaluations.
    (ii) The content and frequency of continuing education furnished to 
the individuals who perform evaluations.
    (iii) The process used to monitor the performance of individuals who 
perform evaluations.
    (iv) The organization's policies and practices for participation in 
the accreditation process by an individual who is professionally or 
financially affiliated with the entity being evaluated.
    (5) A description of the organization's data management and analysis 
system for its accreditation activities and decisions, including the 
kinds of reports, tables, and other displays generated by that system.
    (6) A description of the organization's procedures for responding to 
and investigating complaints against an approved entity, including 
policies and procedures regarding coordination of

[[Page 365]]

these activities with appropriate licensing bodies, ombudsmen programs, 
and CMS.
    (7) A description of the organization's policies and procedures for 
withholding or removing a certificate of accreditation for failure to 
meet the organization's standards or requirements, and other actions the 
organization takes in response to noncompliance with its standards and 
requirements.
    (8) A description of all types (for example, full or partial) and 
categories (for example, provisional, conditional, or temporary) of 
accreditation offered by the organization, the duration of each type and 
category of accreditation, and a statement identifying the types and 
categories that will serve as a basis for accreditation if CMS approves 
the organization.
    (9) A list of all of the approved entities currently accredited to 
furnish training and the type, category, and expiration date of the 
accreditation held by each of them.
    (10) The name and address of each person with an ownership or 
control interest in the organization.
    (11) Documentation that demonstrates its ability to furnish CMS with 
electronic data in CMS-compatible format.
    (12) A resource analysis that demonstrates that its staffing, 
funding, and other resources are adequate to perform the required 
accreditation activities.
    (13) A statement acknowledging that, as a condition for approval and 
recognition by CMS of its accreditation program, it agrees to comply 
with the requirements set forth in Sec. Sec. 410.142 through 410.146.
    (14) Additional information CMS requests to enable it to respond to 
the organization's request for CMS approval and recognition of its 
accreditation program to accredit entities to furnish training.
    (c) Onsite visit. CMS may visit the prospective organization's 
offices to verify information in the organization's application, 
including, but not limited to, review of documents, and interviews with 
the organization's staff.
    (d) Notice and comment--(1) Proposed notice. CMS publishes a 
proposed notice in the Federal Register announcing its intention to 
approve an organization's request for CMS approval and recognition of 
its accreditation program and the standards it uses to accredit entities 
to furnish training. The notice includes the following information:
    (i) The basis for approving the organization.
    (ii) A description of how the organization's accreditation program 
applies and enforces quality standards that have been determined by CMS 
to meet or exceed the CMS quality standards described in Sec. 
410.144(a) or how the organization would use the NSDSMEP quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144(b).
    (iii) An opportunity for public comment.
    (2) Final notice. (i) After considering public comments CMS receives 
on the proposed notice, it publishes a final notice in the Federal 
Register indicating whether it has approved an organization's request 
for CMS approval and recognition of its accreditation program and the 
standards it uses to accredit entities to furnish training.
    (ii) If CMS approves the request, the final notice specifies the 
effective date and the term of the approval, which may not exceed 6 
years.
    (e) Criteria CMS uses to approve national accreditation 
organizations. In deciding to approve and recognize an organization's 
accreditation program to accredit entities to furnish training, CMS 
considers the following criteria:
    (1) The organization uses and enforces quality standards that CMS 
has determined meet or exceed the CMS quality standards described in 
Sec. 410.144(a), or uses the NSDSMEP quality standards described in 
Sec. 410.144(b).
    (2) The organization meets the requirements for approved 
organizations in Sec. 410.143.
    (3) The organization is not owned or controlled by the entities it 
accredits, as defined in Sec. 413.17(b)(2) or (b)(3), respectively, of 
this chapter.
    (4) The organization does not accredit any entity it owns or 
controls.
    (f) Notice of CMS's decision. CMS notifies the prospective 
organization in writing of its decision. The notice includes the 
following information:

[[Page 366]]

    (1) Statement of approval or denial.
    (2) If approved, the expiration date of CMS's approval and 
recognition of the accreditation program.
    (3) If denied, the rationale for the denial and the reconsideration 
and reapplication procedures.
    (g) Reconsideration of adverse decision. An organization that has 
received CMS's notice of denial of its request for CMS approval and 
recognition of its accreditation program to accredit entities to furnish 
training may request reconsideration of CMS's decision in accordance 
with part 488 subpart D of this chapter.
    (h) Request for approval following denial. (1) Except as provided in 
paragraph (h)(2) of this section, an organization that has received 
CMS's notice of denial of its request for CMS approval and recognition 
of its accreditation program to accredit entities to furnish training 
may submit a new request to CMS if it meets the following conditions:
    (i) Has revised its accreditation program to correct the 
deficiencies CMS noted in its denial notice.
    (ii) Demonstrates, through documentation, the use of one of the sets 
of quality standards described in Sec. 410.144.
    (iii) Resubmits the application in its entirety.
    (2) For an organization that has requested reconsideration of CMS's 
denial of its request for CMS approval and recognition of its 
accreditation program to accredit entities to furnish training, CMS will 
not consider the organization's new request until all administrative 
proceedings on the previous request have been completed.
    (i) Withdrawal. An organization requesting CMS approval and 
recognition of its accreditation program to accredit entities may 
withdraw its application at any time.
    (j) Applying for continued CMS approval. At least 6 months before 
the expiration of CMS's approval and recognition of the organization's 
program, an organization must request from CMS continued approval and 
recognition.



Sec. 410.143  Requirements for approved accreditation organizations.

    (a) Ongoing responsibilities of an approved accreditation 
organization. An organization approved and recognized by CMS must 
undertake the following activities on an ongoing basis:
    (1) Provide to CMS in writing, on a monthly basis, all of the 
following:
    (i) Copies of all accreditation decisions and any accreditation-
related information that CMS may require (including corrective action 
plans and summaries of unmet quality standards described in Sec. 
410.144).
    (ii) Notice of all complaints related to approved entities.
    (iii) Within 30 days of taking remedial or adverse action (including 
revocation, withdrawal, or revision of an approved entity's deemed 
status) against an approved entity, information describing the remedial 
or adverse action and the circumstances that led to taking the action.
    (iv) Notice of any proposed changes in its accreditation standards 
and requirements or evaluation process. If an organization implements 
changes without CMS approval (other than changes to the NSDSMEP quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144(b)), CMS may withdraw its approval 
and recognition of the organization's accreditation program.
    (2) If an organization does not use the NSDSMEP quality standards 
described in Sec. 410.144(b), and wishes to change its quality 
standards that CMS previously approved, the organization must submit its 
plan to alter its quality standards and include a crosswalk between the 
set of quality standards described in Sec. 410.144 and the 
organization's revised standards. If an organization implements changes 
in its quality standards without CMS approval, CMS may withdraw its 
approval and recognition of the organization's accreditation program.
    (3) If CMS notifies an organization that uses the CMS quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144(a) that it has changed the CMS 
quality standards, the organization must meet the following 
requirements:
    (i) Submit to CMS, within 30 days of CMS's notification of a change 
in the quality standards, its organization's

[[Page 367]]

plan to alter its quality standards to conform to the revised quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144(a).
    (ii) Implement the changes to its accreditation program by the 
implementation date specified in CMS's notification of the changes in 
the quality standards.
    (b) CMS oversight of approved national accreditation organizations. 
CMS, or its agent, performs oversight activities to ensure that an 
approved organization and the entities the organization accredits 
continue to meet a set of quality standards described in Sec. 410.144. 
CMS (or its agent) uses the following procedures:
    (1) Equivalency review. CMS compares the organization's standards 
and its application and enforcement of its standards to a set of quality 
standards (described in Sec. 410.144) and processes when any of the 
following conditions exist:
    (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its process for 
approving and recognizing an organization.
    (ii) Except for an organization that uses the NSDSMEP quality 
standards, the organization proposes to adopt new standards or changes 
its accreditation process.
    (iii) The organization reapplies to CMS for continuation of its 
approval and recognition by CMS of its program to accredit entities to 
furnish training.
    (2) Validation reviews. CMS validates an organization's 
accreditation process by conducting evaluations of approved entities 
accredited by the organization and comparing its results to the results 
of the organization's evaluation of the approved entities.
    (3) Onsite inspections. CMS may conduct an onsite inspection of the 
organization's operations and offices to verify information and assess 
the organization's compliance with its own policies and procedures. The 
onsite inspection may include, but is not limited to, reviewing 
documents, auditing documentation of meetings concerning the 
accreditation process, evaluating accreditation results or the 
accreditation status decision making process, and interviewing the 
organization's staff.
    (4) Withdrawal of CMS approval and recognition--(i) CMS gives an 
organization written notice of CMS's intent to withdraw its approval and 
recognition of the organization's program to accredit entities if CMS 
determines through an equivalency review, validation review, onsite 
inspection, or CMS's daily experience with the organization that any of 
the following conditions exist:
    (A) Except for those accrediting organizations using quality 
standards in Sec. 410.144(b), the quality standards that the 
organization applies and enforces do not meet or exceed the CMS quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144(a).
    (B) The organization has failed to meet the requirements for 
accreditation in Sec. Sec. 410.142 through 410.144.
    (ii) Request for reconsideration. An organization may request a 
reconsideration of CMS's decision to withdraw its approval and 
recognition of the organization in accordance with part 488, subpart D 
of this chapter.



Sec. 410.144  Quality standards for deemed entities.

    An organization approved and recognized by CMS may accredit an 
entity to meet one of the following sets of quality standards:
    (a) CMS quality standards. Standards prescribed by CMS, which 
include the following:
    (1) Organizational structure. (i) Provides the educational resources 
to support the programs offered and the beneficiaries served, including 
adequate space, personnel, budget, instructional materials, 
confidentiality, privacy, and operational support.
    (ii) Defines clearly and documents the organizational relationships, 
lines of authority, staffing, job descriptions, and operational 
policies.
    (iii) Maintains a written policy that affirms education as an 
integral component of diabetes care.
    (iv) Includes in its operational policies, specific standards and 
procedures identifying the amount of collaborative, interactive, skill-
based training methods and didactic training methods furnished to the 
beneficiary.
    (v) Assesses the service area to define the target population in 
order to appropriately allocate personnel and resources.
    (vi) Identifies in its operational policies, the minimal amount that 
each

[[Page 368]]

team member must be involved in the following:
    (A) Development of training materials.
    (B) Instruction of beneficiaries.
    (2) Environment. Maintains a safe and sanitary environment, properly 
constructed, equipped, and maintained to protect the health and safety 
of all patients and that meets all applicable fire protection and life 
safety codes.
    (3) Program staff. (i) Requires a program coordinator who is 
responsible for program planning, implementation, and evaluation.
    (ii) Requires nonphysician professional staff to obtain 12 hours of 
continuing diabetes education concerning educational principles and 
behavior change strategies every 2 years.
    (4) Team approach. (i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of 
this section for a rural area, furnishes services using a 
multidisciplinary instructional team that meets the following 
requirements:
    (A) The team includes at least a registered dietitian, as recognized 
under State law, and a certified diabetes educator (CDE), certified by a 
qualified organization that has registered with CMS, who have didactic 
experience and knowledge of diabetes clinical and educational issues. 
(If the team includes a registered nurse, an approved entity may delay 
implementation of the requirement for a CDE until February 27, 2004.)
    (B) The team is qualified to teach the training content areas 
required in paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
    (C) All appropriate team members must be present during the portion 
of the training for which they are responsible and must directly furnish 
the training within the scope of their practices.
    (ii) In a rural area, an individual who is qualified as a registered 
dietitian and as a CDE that is currently certified by an organization 
approved by CMS (or until February 27, 2004 an individual who is 
qualified as a registered dietitian and as a registered nurse) may 
furnish training and is deemed to meet the multidisciplinary team 
requirement in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section.
    (5) Training content. Offers training and is capable of meeting the 
needs of its patients on the following subjects:
    (i) Diabetes overview/pathophysiology of diabetes.
    (ii) Nutrition.
    (iii) Exercise and activity.
    (iv) Diabetes medications (including skills related to the self-
administration of injectable drugs).
    (v) Self-monitoring and use of the results.
    (vi) Prevention, detection, and treatment of acute complications.
    (vii) Prevention, detection, and treatment of chronic complications.
    (viii) Foot, skin, and dental care.
    (ix) Behavior change strategies, goal setting, risk factor 
reduction, and problem solving.
    (x) Preconception care, pregnancy, and gestational diabetes.
    (xi) Relationships among nutrition, exercise, medication, and blood 
glucose levels.
    (xii) Stress and psychosocial adjustment.
    (xiii) Family involvement and social support.
    (xiv) Benefits, risks, and management options for improving glucose 
control.
    (xv) Use of health care systems and community resources.
    (6) Training methods. (i) Offers individual and group instruction 
for effective training.
    (ii) Uses instructional methods and materials that are appropriate 
for the target population, and participants being served.
    (iii) Uses primarily interactive, collaborative, skill-based 
training methods and maximizes the use of interactive training methods.
    (7) Review of plan of care and goals. (i) Reviews each beneficiary's 
plan of care.
    (ii) Develops and updates an individual assessment, in collaboration 
with each beneficiary, that includes relevant medical history, present 
health status, health service or resource utilization, risk factors, 
diabetes knowledge and skills, cultural influences, health beliefs and 
attitudes, health behaviors and goals, support systems, barriers to 
learning, and socioeconomic factors.

[[Page 369]]

    (iii) Based on the assessment, develops, in collaboration with each 
beneficiary, an individual education plan. Includes in the education 
plan, the goals for education, the periodic updates, the specific amount 
of interactive, collaborative, skill-based training methods and didactic 
training methods that have been and will be furnished.
    (iv) Documents the results, including assessment, intervention, 
evaluation and follow-up in the beneficiary's medical record.
    (v) Forwards a copy of the documentation in paragraph (a)(7)(ii) 
through (iv) of this section to the referring physician (or qualified 
nonphysician practitioner).
    (vi) Periodically updates the beneficiary's referring physician (or 
qualified nonphysician practitioner) about the beneficiary's educational 
status.
    (8) Educational intervention. Offers appropriate and timely 
educational intervention based on referral from the beneficiary's 
physician (or qualified nonphysician practitioner) and based on periodic 
reassessments of health status, knowledge, skills, attitudes, goals, and 
self-care behaviors.
    (9) Performance measurement and quality improvement. Establishes and 
maintains an effective internal performance measurement and quality 
improvement program that focuses on maximizing outcomes by improving 
patient safety and quality of care. The program must meet the following 
requirements:
    (i) Stresses health outcomes (for example, improved beneficiary 
diabetes control, beneficiary understanding, or beneficiary compliance) 
and provides for the collection, analysis, and reporting of data that 
permits measurement of performance outcomes, or other quality 
indicators.
    (ii) Requires an entity to take the following actions:
    (A) Evaluate itself on an annual basis as to its effectiveness in 
using performance measures.
    (B) Improve its performance on at least one outcome or quality 
indicator each year.
    (10) Quality improvement. Has an agreement with a QIO to participate 
in quality improvement projects defined by the QIO, or if a program 
elects not to participate in a QIO project, it must be able to 
demonstrate a level of achievement through a project of its own design 
that is comparable to or better than the achievement to be expected from 
participation in the QIO quality improvement project.
    (b) The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education 
Programs. The set of quality standards contained in the NSDSMEP or any 
NSDSMEP standards subsequently revised.
    (c) Standards of a national accreditation organization that 
represents individuals with diabetes. Standards that meet or exceed the 
CMS quality standards described in paragraph (a) of this section that 
have been developed by a national organization (and approved by CMS) 
that is either a nonprofit or not-for-profit organization with 
demonstrated experience in representing the interest of individuals, 
including health care professionals and Medicare beneficiaries, with 
diabetes.



Sec. 410.145  Requirements for entities.

    (a) Deemed entities. (1) Except as permitted in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, an entity may be deemed to meet a set of quality standards 
described in Sec. 410.144 if the following conditions are met:
    (i) The entity has submitted necessary documentation and is fully 
accredited (and periodically reaccredited) by an organization approved 
by CMS under Sec. 410.142.
    (ii) The entity is not accredited by an organization that owns or 
controls the entity.
    (2) Before August 27, 2002 CMS may deem an entity to meet the 
NSDSMEP quality standards described in Sec. 410.144(b), if the entity 
provides the Medicare contractor that will process its claims with a 
copy of a current certificate the entity received from the ADA that 
verifies the training program it furnishes meets the NSDSMEP quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144(b).
    (b) Approved entities. An entity may be approved to furnish training 
if the entity meets the following conditions:
    (1) Before submitting a claim for Medicare payment, forwards a copy 
of its certificate or proof of accreditation from an organization 
approved by CMS

[[Page 370]]

under Sec. 410.142 indicating that the entity meets a set of quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144, or before August 27, 2002, submits 
documentation of its current ADA recognition status.
    (2) Agrees to submit to evaluation (including onsite inspections) by 
CMS (or its agent) to validate its approved organization's accreditation 
process.
    (3) Authorizes its approved organization to release to CMS a copy of 
its most recent accreditation evaluation, and any accreditation-related 
information that CMS may require.
    (4) At a minimum, allows the QIO (under a contract with CMS) access 
to beneficiary or group training records.
    (c) Effective dates--(1) Deemed to meet quality standards. Except as 
permitted in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the date on which an 
entity is deemed to meet a set of quality standards described in Sec. 
410.144 is the later of one of the following dates:
    (i) The date CMS approves and recognizes the accreditation 
organization to accredit entities to furnish training.
    (ii) The date an organization accredits the entity to meet a set of 
quality standards described in Sec. 410.144.
    (2) Approved to furnish training. CMS covers the training furnished 
by an entity beginning on the later of one of the following dates:
    (i) The date CMS approves the deemed entity as meeting the 
conditions for coverage in Sec. 410.141(e).
    (ii) The date the entity is deemed to meet a set of quality 
standards described in Sec. 410.144.
    (d) Removal of approved status--(1) General rule. CMS removes an 
entity's approved status for any of the following reasons:
    (i) CMS determines, on the basis of its own evaluation or the 
results of the accreditation evaluation, that the entity does not meet a 
set of quality standards described in Sec. 410.144.
    (ii) CMS withdraws its approval of the organization that deemed the 
entity to meet a set of quality standards described in Sec. 410.144.
    (iii) The entity fails to meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) 
and (b) of this section.
    (2) Effective date. The effective date of CMS's removal of an 
entity's approved status is 60 days after the date of CMS's notice to 
the entity.



Sec. 410.146  Diabetes outcome measurements.

    (a) Information collection. An approved entity must collect and 
record in an organized systematic manner the following patient 
assessment information at least on a quarterly basis for a beneficiary 
who receives training under Sec. 410.141:
    (1) Medical information that includes the following:
    (i) Duration of the diabetic condition.
    (ii) Use of insulin or oral agents.
    (iii) Height and weight by date.
    (iv) Results and date of last lipid test.
    (v) Results and date of last HbA1C.
    (vi) Information on self-monitoring (frequency and results).
    (vii) Blood pressure with the corresponding dates.
    (viii) Date of the last eye exam.
    (2) Other information that includes the following:
    (i) Educational goals.
    (ii) Assessment of educational needs.
    (iii) Training goals.
    (iv) Plan for a follow-up assessment of achievement of training 
goals between 6 months and 1 year after the beneficiary completes the 
training.
    (v) Documentation of the training goals assessment.
    (b) Follow-up assessment information. An approved entity may obtain 
information from the beneficiary's survey, primary care physician 
contact, and follow-up visits.



                    Subpart I_Payment of SMI Benefits

    Source: 51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 59 FR 6577, Feb. 11, 1994.



Sec. 410.150  To whom payment is made.

    (a) General rules. (1) Any SMI enrollee is, subject to the 
conditions, limitations, and exclusions set forth in this part and in 
parts 405, 416 and 424 of this chapter, entitled to have payment made as 
specified in paragraph (b) of this section.

[[Page 371]]

    (2) The services specified in paragraphs (b)(5) through (b)(14) of 
this section must be furnished by a facility that has in effect a 
provider agreement or other appropriate agreement to participate in 
Medicare.
    (b) Specific rules. Subject to the conditions set forth in paragraph 
(a) of this section, Medicare Part B pays as follows:
    (1) To the individual, or to a physician or other supplier on the 
individual's behalf, for medical and other health services furnished by 
the physician or other supplier.
    (2) To a nonparticipating hospital on the individual's behalf for 
emergency outpatient services furnished by the hospital, in accordance 
with subpart G of part 424 of this chapter.
    (3) To the individual, for emergency outpatient services furnished 
by a nonparticipating hospital, in accordance with Sec. 424.53 of this 
chapter.
    (4) To the individual, for physicians' services and ambulance 
services furnished outside the United States in accordance with Sec. 
424.53 of this chapter.
    (5) To a provider on the individual's behalf for medical and other 
health services furnished by the provider (or by others under 
arrangements made with them by the provider).
    (6) To a home health agency on the individual's behalf for home 
health services furnished by the home health agency.
    (7) To a clinic, rehabilitation agency, or public health agency on 
the individual's behalf for outpatient physical therapy or speech 
pathology services furnished by the clinic or agency (or by others under 
arrangements made with them by the clinic or agency).
    (8) To a rural health clinic or Federally qualified health center on 
the individual's behalf for rural health clinic or Federally qualified 
health center services furnished by the rural health clinic or Federally 
qualified health center, respectively.
    (9) To an ambulatory surgical center (ASC) on the individual's 
behalf for covered ambulatory surgical center facility services that are 
furnished in connection with surgical procedures performed in an ASC, as 
provided in part 416 of this chapter.
    (10) To a comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility (CORF) on 
the individual's behalf for comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation 
facility services furnished by the CORF.
    (11) To a renal dialysis facility, on the individual's behalf, for 
institutional or home dialysis services, supplies, and equipment 
furnished by the facility.
    (12) To a critical access hospital (CAH) on the individual's behalf 
for outpatient CAH services furnished by the CAH.
    (13) To a community mental health center (CMHC) on the individual's 
behalf, for partial hospitalization services furnished by the CMHC (or 
by others under arrangements made with them by the CMHC).
    (14) To an SNF for services (other than those described in Sec. 
411.15(p)(2) of this chapter) that it furnishes to a resident (as 
defined in Sec. 411.15(p)(3) of this chapter) of the SNF who is not in 
a covered Part A stay.
    (15) To the qualified employer of a physician assistant for 
professional services furnished by the physician assistant and for 
services and supplies furnished incident to his or her services. Payment 
is made to the employer of a physician assistant regardless of whether 
the physician assistant furnishes services under a W-2, employer-
employee employment relationship, or whether the physician assistant is 
an independent contractor who receives a 1099 reflecting the 
relationship. Both types of relationships must conform to the 
appropriate guidelines provided by the Internal Revenue Service. A 
qualified employer is not a group of physician assistants that 
incorporate to bill for their services. Payment is made only if no 
facility or other provider charges or is paid any amount for services 
furnished by a physician assistant.
    (16) To a nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist for 
professional services furnished by a nurse practitioner or clinical 
nurse specialist in all settings in both rural and nonrural areas and 
for services and supplies furnished incident to those services. Payment 
is made only if no facility or other provider charges, or is paid, any

[[Page 372]]

amount for the furnishing of the professional services of the nurse 
practitioner or clinical nurse specialist.
    (17) To a clinical psychologist on the individual's behalf for 
clinical psychologist services and for services and supplies furnished 
as an incident to his or her services.
    (18) To a clinical social worker on the individual's behalf for 
clinical social worker services.
    (19) To a participating HHA, for home health services (including 
medical supplies described in section 1861(m)(5) of the Act, but 
excluding durable medical equipment to the extent provided for in such 
section) furnished to an individual who at the time the item or service 
is furnished is under a plan of care of an HHA (without regard to 
whether the item or service is furnished by the HHA directly, under 
arrangement with the HHA, or under any other contracting or consulting 
arrangement).

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 57 
FR 24981, June 12, 1992; 58 FR 30668, May 26, 1993; 59 FR 6577, Feb. 11, 
1994; 63 FR 20129, Apr. 23, 1998; 63 FR 26308, May 12, 1998; 63 FR 
58909, Nov. 2, 1998; 65 FR 41211, July 3, 2000; 66 FR 39599, July 31, 
2001]



Sec. 410.152  Amounts of payment.

    (a) General provisions--(1) Exclusion from incurred expenses. As 
used in this section, ``incurred expenses'' are expenses incurred by an 
individual, during his or her coverage period, for covered Part B 
services, excluding the following:
    (i) Expenses incurred for services for which the beneficiary is 
entitled to have payment made under Medicare Part A or would be so 
entitled except for the application of the Part A deductible and 
coinsurance requirements.
    (ii) Expenses incurred in meeting the Part B blood deductible (Sec. 
410.161).
    (iii) In the case of services payable under a formula that takes 
into account reasonable charges, reasonable costs, customary charges, 
customary (insofar as reasonable) charges, charges related to reasonable 
costs, fair compensation, a pre-treatment prospective payment rate, or a 
standard overhead amount, or any combination of two or more of these 
factors, expenses in excess of any factor taken into account under that 
formula.
    (iv) Expenses in excess of the outpatient mental health treatment 
limitation described in Sec. 410.155.
    (v) In the case of expenses incurred for outpatient physical therapy 
services including speech-language pathology services, the expenses 
excluded are from the incurred expenses under Sec. 410.60(e). In the 
case of expenses incurred for outpatient occupational therapy including 
speech-language pathology services, the expenses excluded are from the 
incurred expenses under Sec. 410.59(e).
    (2) Other applicable provisions. Medicare Part B pays for incurred 
expenses the amounts specified in paragraphs (b) through (k) of this 
section, subject to the following:
    (i) The principles and procedures for determining reasonable costs 
and reasonable charges and the conditions for Medicare payment, as set 
forth in parts 405 (subparts E and X), 413, and 424 of this chapter.
    (ii) The Part B annual deductible (Sec. 410.160).
    (iii) The special rules for payment to health maintenance 
organizations (HMOs), health care prepayment plans (HCPPs), and 
competitive medical plans (CMPs) that are set forth in part 417 of this 
chapter. (A prepayment organization that does not qualify as an HMO, 
CMP, or HCPP is paid in accordance with paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section.)
    (b) Basic rules for payment. Except as specified in paragraphs (c) 
through (h) of this section, Medicare Part B pays the following amounts:
    (1) For services furnished by, or under arrangements made by, a 
provider other than a nominal charge provider, whichever of the 
following is less:
    (i) 80 percent of the reasonable cost of the services.
    (ii) The reasonable cost of, or the customary charges for, the 
services, whichever is less, minus 20 percent of the customary (insofar 
as reasonable) charges for the services.
    (2) For services furnished by, or under arrangements made by, a 
nominal charge provider, 80 percent of fair compensation.

[[Page 373]]

    (3) For emergency outpatient hospital services furnished by a 
nonparticipating hospital that is eligible to receive payment for those 
services under subpart G of part 424 of this chapter, the amount 
specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (4) For services furnished by a person or an entity other than those 
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section, 80 
percent of the reasonable charges or 80 percent of the payment amount 
computed on any other payment basis for the services.
    (c) Amount of payment: Home health services other than durable 
medical equipment (DME). For home health services other than DME 
furnished by, or under arrangements made by, a participating HHA, 
Medicare Part B pays the following amounts:
    (1) For services furnished by an HHA that is a nominal charge 
provider, 100 percent of fair compensation.
    (2) For services furnished by an HHA that is not a nominal charge 
provider, the lesser of the reasonable cost of the services and the 
customary charges for the services.
    (d) Amount of payment: DME furnished as a home health service--(1) 
Basic rule. Except as specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section--
    (i) For DME furnished by an HHA that is a nominal charge provider, 
Medicare Part B pays 80 percent of fair compensation.
    (ii) For DME furnished by an HHA that is not a nominal charge 
provider, Medicare Part B pays the lesser of the following:
    (A) 80 percent of the reasonable cost of the service.
    (B) The reasonable cost of, or the customary charge for, the 
service, whichever is less, minus 20 percent of the customary (insofar 
as reasonable) charge for the service.
    (2) Exception. If the DME is used DME purchased by or on behalf of 
the beneficiary at a price at least 25 percent less than the reasonable 
charge for new equipment--
    (i) For used DME furnished by an HHA that is a nominal charge 
provider, Medicare Part B pays 100 percent of fair compensation.
    (ii) For used DME furnished by an HHA that is not a nominal charge 
provider, Medicare Part B pays 100 percent of the reasonable cost of, or 
the customary charge for, the services, whichever is less.
    (e) Amount of payment: Renal dialysis services, supplies, and 
equipment. Effective for services furnished on or after August 1, 1983, 
Medicare Part B pays for the institutional dialysis services specified 
in Sec. 409.250 and the home dialysis services, supplies, and equipment 
specified in Sec. 409.252, as follows:
    (1) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, 80 
percent of the per treatment prospective reimbursement rate established 
under Sec. 413.170 of this chapter, for outpatient maintenance dialysis 
furnished by ESRD facilities approved in accordance with subpart U of 
part 405 of this chapter.
    (2) Exception. If a home dialysis patient elects to obtain home 
dialysis supplies or equipment (or both) from a party other than an 
approved ESRD facility, payment is in accordance with paragraph (b)(4) 
of this section.
    (f) Amount of payment: Rural health clinic and Federally qualified 
health center services. Medicare Part B pays, for services by a 
participating independent rural health clinic or Federally qualified 
health center, 80 percent of the costs determined under subpart X of 
part 405 of this chapter, to the extent those costs are reasonable and 
related to the cost of furnishing rural health clinic or Federally 
qualified health center services or reasonable on the basis of other 
tests specified by CMS.
    (g) Amount of payment: Used durable medical equipment furnished by 
otherthan an HHA. Medicare Part B pays the following amounts for used 
DME purchased by or on behalf of the beneficiary at a price at least 25 
percent less than the reasonable charge for comparable new equipment:
    (1) For used DME furnished by, or under arrangements made by, a 
nominal charge provider, 100 percent of fair compensation.
    (2) For used DME furnished by or under arrangements made by a 
provider that is not a nominal charge provider, 100 percent of the 
reasonable cost of the service or the customary charge for the service, 
whichever is less.

[[Page 374]]

    (3) For used DME furnished by other than a provider, 100 percent of 
the reasonable charge.
    (h) Amount of payment: Pneumococcal vaccine. Medicare Part B pays 
for pneumococcal vaccine and its administration as follows:
    (1) For services furnished by a nominal charge provider, 100 percent 
of fair compensation.
    (2) For services furnished by a provider that is not a nominal 
charge provider, the reasonable cost of the services or the customary 
charge for the service, whichever is less.
    (3) For services furnished by other than a provider, a rural health 
clinic or a Federally qualified health center, 100 percent of the 
reasonable charge.
    (4) For services furnished by a rural health clinic or a Federally 
qualified health center, 100 percent of the reasonable cost.
    (i) Amount of payment: ASC facility services. For ASC facility 
services that are furnished in connection with the surgical procedures 
specified in part 416 of this chapter, Medicare Part B pays 80 percent 
of a standard overhead amount, as specified in Sec. 416.120(c) of this 
chapter. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ For services furnished before July 1, 1987, Medicare Part B paid 
100 percent of the standard amount.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (j) Amount of payment: services of Federally funded health 
facilities prior to October 1, 1991. Medicare Part B pays 80 percent of 
charges related to the reasonable costs that a Federally funded health 
facility incurs in furnishing the services. See Sec. 411.8(b)(6) of 
this chapter.
    (k) Amount of payment: Outpatient CAH services. (1) Payment for CAH 
outpatient services is the reasonable cost of the CAH in providing these 
services, as determined in accordance with section 1861(v)(1)(A) of the 
Act, with Sec. 413.70(b) and (c) of this chapter, and with the 
applicable principles of cost reimbursement in part 413 and in part 415 
of this chapter.
    (2) Payment for CAH outpatient services is subject to the applicable 
Medicare Part B deductible and coinsurance amounts, except as described 
in Sec. 413.70(b)(2)(iii) of this chapter, with Part B coinsurance 
being calculated as 20 percent of the customary (insofar as reasonable) 
charges of the CAH for the services.
    (l) Amount of payment: Flu vaccine. Medicare Part B pays 100 percent 
of the Medicare allowed charge.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986; 52 FR 4499, Feb. 12, 1987, as amended at 53 
FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 56 FR 2138, Jan. 22, 1991; 56 FR 8841, Mar. 1, 
1991; 57 FR 24981, June 12, 1992; 58 FR 30668, May 26, 1993; 59 FR 
63462, Dec. 8, 1994; 62 FR 46025, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 20129, Apr. 23, 
1998; 63 FR 26357, May 12, 1998; 63 FR 35066, June 26, 1998; 63 FR 
58910, Nov. 2, 1998; 65 FR 47047, 47105, Aug. 1, 2000; 66 FR 32192, June 
13, 2001]



Sec. 410.155  Outpatient mental health treatment limitation.

    (a) Limitation. Only 62\1/2\ percent of the expenses incurred for 
services subject to the limit as specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section are considered incurred expenses under Medicare Part B when 
determining the amount of payment and deductible under Sec. Sec. 
410.152 and 410.160, respectively.
    (b) Application of the limitation--(1) Services subject to the 
limitation. Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the 
following services are subject to the limitation if they are furnished 
in connection with the treatment of a mental, psychoneurotic, or 
personality disorder (that is, any condition identified by a diagnosis 
code within the range of 290 through 319) and are furnished to an 
individual who is not an inpatient of a hospital:
    (i) Services furnished by physicians and other practitioners, 
whether furnished directly or as an incident to those practitioners' 
services.
    (ii) Services provided by a CORF.
    (2) Services not subject to the limitation. Services not subject to 
the limitation include the following:
    (i) Services furnished to a hospital inpatient.
    (ii) Brief office visits for the sole purpose of monitoring or 
changing drug prescriptions used in the treatment of mental, 
psychoneurotic, or personality disorders.
    (iii) Partial hospitalization services not directly provided by a 
physician.
    (iv) Diagnostic services, such as psychological testing, that are 
performed to establish a diagnosis.

[[Page 375]]

    (v) Medical management, as opposed to psychotherapy, furnished to a 
patient diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or a related disorder.
    (c) Examples. (1) A clinical psychologist submitted a claim for $200 
for outpatient treatment of a beneficiary's mental disorder. The 
Medicare approved amount was $180. Since clinical psychologists must 
accept assignment, the beneficiary is not liable for the $20 in excess 
charges. The beneficiary previously satisfied the $100 annual Part B 
deductible. The limitation reduces the amount of incurred expenses to 
62\1/2\ percent of the approved amount. After subtracting any unmet 
deductible, Medicare pays 80 percent of the remaining incurred expenses. 
Medicare payment and beneficiary liability are computed as follows:

1. Actual charges.............................................   $200.00
2. Medicare approved amount...................................    180.00
3. Medicare incurred expenses (0.625 x line 2)................    112.50
4. Unmet deductible...........................................      0.00
5. Remainder after subtracting deductible (line 3 minus line      112.50
 4)...........................................................
6. Medicare payment (0.80 x line 5)...........................     90.00
7. Beneficiary liability (line 2 minus line 6)................     90.00
 

    (2) A clinical social worker submitted a claim for $135 for 
outpatient treatment of a beneficiary's mental disorder. The Medicare 
approved amount was $120. Since clinical social workers must accept 
assignment, the beneficiary is not liable for the $15 in excess charges. 
The beneficiary previously satisfied $70 of the $100 annual Part B 
deductible, leaving $30 unmet.

1. Actual charges.............................................   $135.00
2. Medicare approved amount...................................    120.00
3. Medicare incurred expenses (0.625 x line 2)................     75.00
4. Unmet deductible...........................................     30.00
5. Remainder after subtracting deductible (line 3 minus line       45.00
 4)...........................................................
6. Medicare payment (0.80 x line 5)...........................     36.00
7. Beneficiary liability (line 2 minus line 6)................     84.00
 

    (3) A physician who did not accept assignment submitted a claim for 
$780 for services in connection with the treatment of a mental disorder 
that did not require inpatient hospitalization. The Medicare approved 
amount was $750. Because the physician did not accept assignment, the 
beneficiary is liable for the $30 in excess charges. The beneficiary had 
not satisfied any of the $100 Part B annual deductible.

1. Actual charges.............................................   $780.00
2. Medicare approved amount...................................    750.00
3. Medicare incurred expenses (0.625 x line 2)................    468.75
4. Unmet deductible...........................................    100.00
5. Remainder after subtracting deductible (line 3 minus line      368.75
 4)...........................................................
6. Medicare payment (0.80 x line 5)...........................    295.00
7. Beneficiary liability (line 1 minus line 6)................    485.00
 

    (4) A beneficiary's only Part B expenses during 1995 were for a 
physician's services in connection with the treatment of a mental 
disorder that initially required inpatient hospitalization. The 
remaining services were furnished on an outpatient basis. The 
beneficiary had not satisfied any of the $100 annual Part B deductible 
in 1995. The physician, who accepted assignment, submitted a claim for 
$780. The Medicare-approved amount was $750. The beneficiary incurred 
$350 of the approved amount while a hospital inpatient and incurred the 
remaining $400 of the approved amount for outpatient services. Only $400 
of the approved amount is subject to the 62\1/2\ percent limitation 
because the statutory limitation does not apply to services furnished to 
hospital inpatients.

1. Actual charges.............................................   $780.00
2. Medicare approved amount...................................   $750.00
  2A. Inpatient portion.......................................      $350
  2B. Outpatient portion......................................      $400
3. Medicare incurred expenses.................................   $600.00
  3A. Inpatient portion.......................................      $350
  3B. Outpatient portion (0.625 x line 2B)....................      $250
4. Unmet deductible...........................................   $100.00
5. Remainder after subtracting deductible (line 3 minus line     $500.00
 4)...........................................................
6. Medicare payment (0.80 x line 5)...........................   $400.00
7. Beneficiary liability (line 2 minus line 6)................   $350.00
 


[63 FR 20129, Apr. 23, 1998]



Sec. 410.160  Part B annual deductible.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 
incurred expenses (as defined in Sec. 410.152) are subject to, and 
count toward meeting the annual deductible.
    (b) Exceptions. Expenses incurred for the following services are not 
subject to the Part B annual deductible and do not count toward meeting 
that deductible:
    (1) Home health services.
    (2) Pneumococcal vaccines and their administration.
    (3) Federally qualified health center services.
    (4) ASC facility services furnished before July 1987 and physician 
services furnished before April 1988 that met the requirements for 
payment of 100 percent of the reasonable charges.

[[Page 376]]

    (5) Screening mammography services as described in Sec. 410.34 (c) 
and (d).
    (6) Screening pelvic examinations as described in Sec. 410.56.
    (c) Application of the Part B annual deductible. (1) Before payment 
is made under Sec. 410.152, an individual's incurred expenses for the 
calendar year are reduced by the Part B annual deductible.
    (2) The Part B annual deductible is applied to incurred expenses in 
the order in which claims for those expenses are processed by the 
Medicare program.
    (3) Only one Part B annual deductible may be imposed for any 
calendar year and it may be met by any combination of expenses incurred 
in that year.
    (d) Special rule for services reimbursable on a formula basis. (1) 
In applying the formula that takes into account reasonable costs, 
customary charges, and customary (insofar as reasonable) charges, and is 
used to determine payment for services furnished by a provider that is 
not a nominal charge provider, the Medicare intermediary takes the 
following steps:
    (i) Reduces the customary charges for the services by an amount 
equal to any unmet portion of the deductible for the calendar year, in 
accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (The amount of this 
reduction is considered to be the amount of the deductible that is met 
on the basis of the services to which it is applied.)
    (ii) Determines 20 percent of any remaining portion of the customary 
(insofar as reasonable) charge.
    (iii) Determines the lesser of the reasonable cost of the services 
and the customary charges for the services.
    (iv) Reduces the amount determined under paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of 
this section by the sum of the reduction made under paragraph (c)(1)(i) 
of this section and the amount determined under parargaph (c)(1)(ii) of 
this section.
    (v) Reduces the reasonable cost of the services by the amount of the 
reduction made under paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section and multiplies 
the result by 80 percent.
    (2) In accordance with Sec. 410.152(b)(1), the amount payable is 
the amount determined under paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section, or the 
amount determined under paragraph (c)(1)(v) of this section, whichever 
is less.
    (e) Special rule for services of an independent rural health clinic. 
Application of the Part B annual deductible to rural health clinic 
services is in accordance with Sec. 405.2425(b)(2) of this chapter.
    (f) Amount of the Part B annual deductible. (1) Beginning with 
expenses for services furnished during calendar year 2006, and for all 
succeeding years, the annual deductible is the previous year's 
deductible plus the annual percentage increase in the monthly actuarial 
rate for Medicare enrollees age 65 and over, rounded to the nearest 
dollar.
    (2) For 2005, the deductible is $110.
    (3) From 1991 through 2004, the deductible was $100.
    (4) From 1982 through 1990, the deductible was $75.
    (5) From 1973 through 1981, the deductible was $60.
    (6) From 1966 through 1972, the deductible was $50.
    (g) Carryover of Part B annual deductible. For calendar years before 
1982, the Part B annual deductible was reduced by the amount of expenses 
incurred during the last quarter of the preceding year that was applied 
to meet the deductible for that preceding year. Example: If $20 of 
expenses incurred in November 1980 was used to meet the 1980 deductible, 
the 1981 deductible was reduced to $40 ($60-$20).
    (h) Examples of application of the annual deductible. (1) Mr. A 
submitted claims for the following expenses incurred during 1982: $20 
for services furnished in March by physician X; $30 for services 
furnished in April by physician Y; $50 for services furnished in June by 
physician Z, for a total of $100. The carrier determined that the 
charges as submitted were the reasonable charges. The first $75 of 
expenses for which claims were processed is applied to meet the $75 
deductible for that year. Medicare Part B pays 80 percent of the 
remaining $25, or $20.
    (2) Mr. B submitted a claim that included a $25 charge by a doctor 
for an examination to prescribe a hearing aid and an $80 charge for 
office surgery. This was the first claim relating to Mr. B's medical 
expenses processed in the calendar year. The carrier disallowed

[[Page 377]]

the $25 charge because the type of examination is not covered by 
Medicare. The carrier reduced the $80 surgery charge to a reasonable 
charge of $40. Only the $40 reasonable charge for covered services will 
count toward meeting Mr. B's deductible. Since the remainder of the 
surgery charge constitutes and excess over the reasonable charge, it 
cannot be applied to satisfy Mr. B's deductible.
    (3) Mr. C became entitled to Medicare Part B benefits on July 1, 
1982. He incurred expenses of $200 in July, August, and September. The 
carrier determined that the changes as submitted were reasonable. Even 
though Mr. C was entitled to benefits for only half the year, he must 
meet the full $75 deductible. Thus, $75 of this expense constitutes Mr. 
C's deductible. Medicare would pay $100, which is 80 percent of the 
remaining $125.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 8842 and 8852, Mar. 1, 
1991; 57 FR 24981, June 12, 1992; 62 FR 59101, Oct. 31, 1997; 69 FR 
66423, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 410.161  Part B blood deductible.

    (a) General rules. (1) As used in this section, packed red cells 
means the red blood cells that remain after plasma is separated from 
whole blood.
    (2) A unit of packed red cells is treated as the equivalent of a 
pint of whole blood, which in this section is referred to as a unit of 
whole blood.
    (3) Medicare does not pay for the first 3 units of whole blood or 
units of packed red cells that are furnished under Part A or Part B in a 
calendar year. The Part B blood deductible is reduced to the extent that 
a blood deductible has been applied under Part A.
    (4) The blood deductible does not apply to other blood components 
such as platelets, fibrinogen, plasma, gamma globulin and serum albumin, 
or to the costs of processing, storing, and administering blood.
    (5) The blood deductible is in addition to the Part B annual 
deductible specified in Sec. 410.160.
    (b) Beneficiary's responsibility for the first 3 units of blood. (1) 
The beneficiary is responsible for the first three units of whole blood 
or packed red cells received during a calendar year.
    (2) If the blood is furnished by a hospital or CAH, the rules set 
forth in Sec. 409.87 (b), (c), and (d) of this chapter apply.
    (3) If the blood is furnished by a physician, clinic, or other 
supplier that has accepted assignment of Medicare benefits, or claims 
payment under Sec. 424.64 of this chapter because the beneficiary died 
without assigning benefits, the supplier may charge the beneficiary the 
reasonable charge for the first 3 units, to the extent that those units 
are not replaced.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 56 
FR 8852, Mar. 1, 1991; 58 FR 30668, May 26, 1993]



Sec. 410.163  Payment for services furnished to kidney donors.

    Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, there are no 
deductible or coinsurance requirements with respect to services 
furnished to an individual who donates a kidney for transplant surgery.



Sec. 410.165  Payment for rural health clinic services and ambulatory 
surgical center services: Conditions.

    (a) Medicare Part B pays for covered rural health clinic and 
Federally qualified health center services if--
    (1) The services are furnished in accordance with the requirements 
of subpart X of part 405 of this chapter and subpart A of part 491 of 
this chapter; and
    (2) The clinic or center files a written request for payment on the 
form and in the manner prescribed by CMS.
    (b) Medicare Part B pays for covered ambulatory surgical center 
(ASC) services if--
    (1) The services are furnished in accordance with the requirements 
of part 416 of this chapter; and
    (2) The ASC files a written request for payment on the form and in 
the manner prescribed by CMS.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 24981, June 12, 1992]

[[Page 378]]



Sec. 410.170  Payment for home health services, for medical and other health 

services furnished by a provider or an approved ESRD facility, and for 

comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility (CORF) 

services: Conditions.

    Payment under Medicare Part B, for home health services, for medical 
and other health services, or for CORF services, may be made to the 
provider or facility only if the following conditions are met:
    (a) Request for payment. A written request for payment is filed by 
or on behalf of the individual to whom the services were furnished.
    (b) Physician certification. (1) For home health services, a 
physician provides certification and recertification in accordance with 
Sec. 424.22 of this chapter.
    (2) For medical and other health services, a physician provides 
certification and recertification in accordance with Sec. 424.24 of 
this chapter.
    (3) For CORF services, a physician provides certification and 
recertification in accordance with Sec. 424.27 of this chapter.
    (c) In the case of home dialysis support services described in Sec. 
410.52, the services are furnished in accordance with a written plan 
prepared and periodically reviewed by a team that includes the patient's 
physician and other professionals familiar with the patient's condition 
as required by Sec. 405.2137(b)(3) of this chapter.

[51 FR 41339, Nov. 14, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988]



Sec. 410.172  Payment for partial hospitalization services in CMHCs: 
Conditions.

    Medicare Part B pays for partial hospitalization services furnished 
in a CMHC on behalf of an individual only if the following conditions 
are met:
    (a) The CMHC files a written request for payment on the CMS form 
1450 and in the manner prescribed by CMS; and
    (b) The services are furnished in accordance with the requirements 
described in Sec. 410.110.

[59 FR 6578, Feb. 11, 1994]



Sec. 410.175  Alien absent from the United States.

    (a) Medicare does not pay Part B benefits for services furnished to 
an individual who is not a citizen or a national of the United States if 
those services are furnished in any month for which the individual is 
not paid monthly social security cash benefits (or would not be paid if 
he or she were entitled to those benefits) because he or she has been 
outside the United States continuously for 6 full calendar months.
    (b) Payment of benefits resumes with services furnished during the 
first full calendar month the alien is back in the United States.

[53 FR 6634, Mar. 2, 1988]



PART 411_EXCLUSIONS FROM MEDICARE AND LIMITATIONS ON MEDICARE PAYMENT--Table of Contents




    Subpart A_General Exclusions and Exclusion of Particular Services

Sec.
411.1 Basis and scope.
411.2 Conclusive effect of QIO determinations on payment of claims.
411.4 Services for which neither the beneficiary nor any other person is 
          legally obligated to pay.
411.6 Services furnished by a Federal provider of services or other 
          Federal agency.
411.7 Services that must be furnished at public expense under a Federal 
          law or Federal Government contract.
411.8 Services paid for by a Government entity.
411.9 Services furnished outside the United States.
411.10 Services required as a result of war.
411.12 Charges imposed by an immediate relative or member of the 
          beneficiary's household.
411.15 Particular services excluded from coverage.

   Subpart B_Insurance Coverage That Limits Medicare Payment: General 
                               Provisions

411.20 Basis and scope.
411.21 Definitions.
411.22 Reimbursement obligations of primary payers and entities that 
          received payment from primary payers.
411.23 Beneficiary's cooperation.
411.24 Recovery of conditional payments.
411.25 Primary payer's notice of mistaken Medicare primary payment.
411.26 Subrogation and right to intervene.

[[Page 379]]

411.28 Waiver of recovery and compromise of claims.
411.30 Effect of primary payment on benefit utilization and deductibles.
411.31 Authority to bill primary payers for full charges.
411.32 Basis for Medicare secondary payments.
411.33 Amount of Medicare secondary payment.
411.35 Limitations on charges to a beneficiary or other party when a 
          workers' compensation plan, a no-fault insurer, or an employer 
          group health plan is primary payer.
411.37 Amount of Medicare recovery when a primary payment is made as a 
          result of a judgment or settlement.

  Subpart C_Limitations on Medicare Payment for Services Covered Under 
                          Workers' Compensation

411.40 General provisions.
411.43 Beneficiary's responsibility with respect to workers' 
          compensation.
411.45 Basis for conditional Medicare payment in workers' compensation 
          cases.
411.46 Lump-sum payments.
411.47 Apportionment of a lump-sum compromise settlement of a workers' 
          compensation claim.

  Subpart D_Limitations on Medicare Payment for Services Covered Under 
                     Liability or No-Fault Insurance

411.50 General provisions.
411.51 Beneficiary's responsibility with respect to no-fault insurance.
411.52 Basis for conditional Medicare payment in liability cases.
411.53 Basis for conditional Medicare payment in no-fault cases.
411.54 Limitation on charges when a beneficiary has received a liability 
          insurance payment or has a claim pending against a liability 
          insurer.

Subpart E_Limitations on Payment for Services Covered Under Group Health 
                        Plans: General Provisions

411.100 Basis and scope.
411.101 Definitions.
411.102 Basic prohibitions and requirements.
411.103 Prohibition against financial and other incentives.
411.104 Current employment status.
411.106 Aggregation rules.
411.108 Taking into account entitlement to Medicare.
411.110 Basis for determination of nonconformance.
411.112 Documentation of conformance.
411.114 Determination of nonconformance.
411.115 Notice of determination of nonconformance.
411.120 Appeals.
411.121 Hearing procedures.
411.122 Hearing officer's decision.
411.124 Administrator's review of hearing decision.
411.126 Reopening of determinations and decisions.
411.130 Referral to Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

 Subpart F_Special Rules: Individuals Eligible or Entitled on the Basis 
         of ESRD, Who Are Also Covered Under Group Health Plans

411.160 Scope.
411.161 Prohibition against taking into account Medicare eligibility or 
          entitlement or differentiating benefits.
411.162 Medicare benefits secondary to group health plan benefits.
411.163 Coordination of benefits: Dual entitlement situations.
411.165 Basis for conditional Medicare payments.

  Subpart G_Special Rules: Aged Beneficiaries and Spouses Who Are Also 
                    Covered Under Group Health Plans

411.170 General provisions.
411.172 Medicare benefits secondary to group health plan benefits.
411.175 Basis for Medicare primary payments.

  Subpart H_Special Rules: Disabled Beneficiaries Who Are Also Covered 
                     Under Large Group Health Plans

411.200 Basis.
411.201 Definitions.
411.204 Medicare benefits secondary to LGHP benefits.
411.206 Basis for Medicare primary payments and limits on secondary 
          payments.

Subpart I [Reserved]

   Subpart J_Financial Relationships Between Physicians and Entities 
                  Furnishing Designated Health Services

411.350 Scope of subpart.
411.351 Definitions.
411.352 Group practice.
411.353 Prohibition on certain referrals by physicians and limitations 
          on billing.
411.354 Financial relationship, compensation, and ownership or 
          investment interest.
411.355 General exceptions to the referral prohibition related to both 
          ownership/investment and compensation.

[[Page 380]]

411.356 Exceptions to the referral prohibition related to ownership or 
          investment interests.
411.357 Exceptions to the referral prohibition related to compensation 
          arrangements.
411.361 Reporting requirements.

             Subpart K_Payment for Certain Excluded Services

411.370 Advisory opinions relating to physician referrals.
411.372 Procedure for submitting a request.
411.373 Certification.
411.375 Fees for the cost of advisory opinions.
411.377 Expert opinions from outside sources.
411.378 Withdrawing a request.
411.379 When CMS accepts a request.
411.380 When CMS issues a formal advisory opinion.
411.382 CMS's right to rescind advisory opinions.
411.384 Disclosing advisory opinions and supporting information.
411.386 CMS's advisory opinions as exclusive.
411.387 Parties affected by advisory opinions.
411.388 When advisory opinions are not admissible evidence.
411.389 Range of the advisory opinion.

             Subpart K_Payment for Certain Excluded Services

411.400 Payment for custodial care and services not reasonable and 
          necessary.
411.402 Indemnification of beneficiary.
411.404 Criteria for determining that a beneficiary knew that services 
          were excluded from coverage as custodial care or as not 
          reasonable and necessary.
411.406 Criteria for determining that a provider, practitioner, or 
          supplier knew that services were excluded from coverage as 
          custodial care or as not reasonable and necessary.
411.408 Refunds of amounts collected for physician services not 
          reasonable and necessary, payment not accepted on an 
          assignment-related basis.

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1860D-1 through 1860D-42, and 1871 of the 
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395 w-101 through 1395w-152, and 
1395hh).

    Effective Date Note: At 71 FR 45169, Aug. 8, 2006, the authority 
citation to part 411 was revised, effective October 10, 2006. For the 
convenience of the user, the revised text is set forth as follows:
    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1860D-4(e)(6), 1871, and 1877(b)(4) and (5) 
of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1302, 1395w-104(e)(6), 1395hh, and 
1395nn(b)(4) and (5)).

    Source: 54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, unless otherwise noted.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 411 appear at 71 FR 
9471, Feb. 24, 2006



    Subpart A_General Exclusions and Exclusion of Particular Services



Sec. 411.1  Basis and scope.

    (a) Statutory basis. Sections 1814(a) and 1835(a) of the Act require 
that a physician certify or recertify a patient's need for home health 
services but, in general, prohibit a physician from certifying or 
recertifying the need for services if the services will be furnished by 
an HHA in which the physician has a significant ownership interest, or 
with which the physician has a significant financial or contractual 
relationship. Sections 1814(c), 1835(d), and 1862 of the Act exclude 
from Medicare payment certain specified services. The Act provides 
special rules for payment of services furnished by the following: 
Federal providers or agencies (sections 1814(c) and 1835(d)); hospitals 
and physicians outside of the U.S. (sections 1814(f) and 1862(a)(4)); 
and hospitals and SNFs of the Indian Health Service (section 1880 of the 
Act). Section 1877 of the Act sets forth limitations on referrals and 
payment for designated health services furnished by entities with which 
the referring physician (or an immediate family member of the referring 
physician) has a financial relationship.
    (b) Scope. This subpart identifies:
    (1) The particular types of services that are excluded;
    (2) The circumstances under which Medicare denies payment for 
certain services that are usually covered; and
    (3) The circumstances under which Medicare pays for services usually 
excluded from payment.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 41978, Aug. 14, 1995; 
60 FR 45361, Aug. 31, 1995; 66 FR 952, Jan. 4, 2001]



Sec. 411.2  Conclusive effect of QIO determinations on payment of claims.

    If a utilization and quality control quality improvement 
organization

[[Page 381]]

(QIO) has assumed review responsibility, in accordance with part 466 of 
this chapter, for services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries, Medicare 
payment is not made for those services unless the conditions of subpart 
C of part 466 of this chapter are met.



Sec. 411.4  Services for which neither the beneficiary nor any other person 
is legally obligated to pay.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in Sec. 411.8(b) (for services 
paid by a governmental entity), Medicare does not pay for a service if--
    (1) The beneficiary has no legal obligation to pay for the service; 
and
    (2) No other person or organization (such as a prepayment plan of 
which the beneficiary is a member) has a legal obligation to provide or 
pay for that service.
    (b) Special conditions for services furnished to individuals in 
custody of penal authorities. Payment may be made for services furnished 
to individuals or groups of individuals who are in the custody of the 
police or other penal authorities or in the custody of a government 
agency under a penal statute only if the following conditions are met:
    (1) State or local law requires those individuals or groups of 
individuals to repay the cost of medical services they receive while in 
custody.
    (2) The State or local government entity enforces the requirement to 
pay by billing all such individuals, whether or not covered by Medicare 
or any other health insurance, and by pursuing collection of the amounts 
they owe in the same way and with the same vigor that it pursues the 
collection of other debts.



Sec. 411.6  Services furnished by a Federal provider of services or other 
Federal agency.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 
Medicare does not pay for services furnished by a Federal provider of 
services or other Federal agency.
    (b) Exceptions. Payment may be made--
    (1) For emergency hospital services, if the conditions of Sec. 
424.103 of this chapter are met;
    (2) For services furnished by a participating Federal provider which 
CMS has determined is providing services to the public generally as a 
community institution or agency;
    (3) For services furnished by participating hospitals and SNFs of 
the Indian Health Service; and
    (4) For services furnished under arrangements (as defined in Sec. 
409.3 of this chapter) made by a participating hospital.



Sec. 411.7  Services that must be furnished at public expense under a Federal 
law or Federal Government contract.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 
payment may not be made for services that any provider or supplier is 
obligated to furnish at public expense, in accordance with a law of, or 
a contract with, the United States.
    (b) Exception. Payment may be made for services that a hospital or 
SNF of the Indian Health Service is obligated to furnish at public 
expense.



Sec. 411.8  Services paid for by a Government entity.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 
Medicare does not pay for services that are paid for directly or 
indirectly by a government entity.
    (b) Exceptions. Payment may be made for the following:
    (1) Services furnished under a health insurance plan established for 
employees of the government entity.
    (2) Services furnished under a title of the Social Security Act 
other than title XVIII.
    (3) Services furnished in or by a participating general or special 
hospital that--
    (i) Is operated by a State or local government agency; and
    (ii) Serves the general community.
    (4) Services furnished in a hospital or elsewhere, as a means of 
controlling infectious diseases or because the individual is medically 
indigent.
    (5) Services furnished by a participating hospital or SNF of the 
Indian Health Service.
    (6) Services furnished by a public or private health facility that--

[[Page 382]]

    (i) Is not a Federal provider or other facility operated by a 
Federal agency;
    (ii) Receives U.S. government funds under a Federal program that 
provides support to facilities that furnish health care services;
    (iii) Customarily seeks payment for services not covered under 
Medicare from all available sources, including private insurance and 
patients' cash resources; and
    (iv) Limits the amounts it collects or seeks to collect from a 
Medicare Part B beneficiary and others on the beneficiary's behalf to:
    (A) Any unmet deductible applied to the charges related to the 
reasonable costs that the facility incurs in providing the covered 
services;
    (B) Twenty percent of the remainder of those charges;
    (C) The charges for noncovered services.
    (7) Rural health clinic services that meet the requirements set 
forth in part 491 of this chapter.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 56 FR 2139, Jan. 22, 1991]



Sec. 411.9  Services furnished outside the United States.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section, Medicare does not pay for services furnished outside the United 
States. For purposes of this paragraph (a), the following rules apply:
    (1) The United States includes the 50 States, the District of 
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, The 
Northern Mariana Islands, and for purposes of services rendered on board 
ship, the territorial waters adjoining the land areas of the United 
States.
    (2) Services furnished on board ship are considered to have been 
furnished in United States territorial waters if they were furnished 
while the ship was in a port of one of the jurisdictions listed in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, or within 6 hours before arrival at, 
or 6 hours after departure from, such a port.
    (3) A hospital that is not physically situated in one of the 
jurisdictions listed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section is considered 
to be outside the United States, even if it is owned or operated by the 
United States Government.
    (b) Exception. Under the circumstances specified in subpart H of 
part 424 of this chapter, payment may be made for covered inpatient 
services furnished in a foreign hospital and, on the basis of an 
itemized bill, for covered physicians' services and ambulance service 
furnished in connection with those inpatient services, but only for the 
period during which the inpatient hospital services are furnished.



Sec. 411.10  Services required as a result of war.

    Medicare does not pay for services that are required as a result of 
war, or an act of war, that occurs after the effective date of a 
beneficiary's current coverage for hospital insurance benefits or 
supplementary medical insurance benefits.



Sec. 411.12  Charges imposed by an immediate relative or member of the 
beneficiary's household.

    (a) Basic rule. Medicare does not pay for services usually covered 
under Medicare if the charges for those services are imposed by--
    (1) An immediate relative of the beneficiary; or
    (2) A member of the beneficiary's household.
    (b) Definitions. As used in this section--
    Immediate relative means any of the following:
    (1) Husband or wife.
    (2) Natural or adoptive parent, child, or sibling.
    (3) Stepparent, stepchild, stepbrother, or stepsister.
    (4) Father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, 
brother-in-law, or sister-in-law.
    (5) Grandparent or grandchild.
    (6) Spouse of grandparent or grandchild.
    Member of the household means any person sharing a common abode as 
part of a single family unit, including domestic employees and others 
who live together as part of a family unit, but not including a mere 
roomer or boarder.
    Professional corporation means a corporation that is completely 
owned by

[[Page 383]]

one or more physicians and is operated for the purpose of conducting the 
practice of medicine, osteopathy dentistry, podiatry, optometry, or 
chiropractic, or is owned by other health care professionals as 
authorized by State law.
    (c) Applicability of the exclusion. The exclusion applies to the 
following charges in the specified circumstances:
    (1) Physicians' services. (i) Charges for physicians' services 
furnished by an immediate relative of the beneficiary or member of the 
beneficiary's household, even if the bill or claim is submitted by 
another individual or by an entity such as a partnership or a 
professional corporation.
    (ii) Charges for services furnished incident to a physician's 
professional services (for example by the physician's nurse or 
technician), only if the physician who ordered or supervised the 
services has an excluded relationship to the beneficiary.
    (2) Services other than physicians' services. (i) Charges imposed by 
an individually owned provider or supplier if the owner has an excluded 
relationship to the beneficiary; and
    (ii) Charges imposed by a partnership if any of the partners has an 
excluded relationship to the beneficiary.
    (d) Exception to the exclusion. The exclusion does not apply to 
charges imposed by a corporation other than a professional corporation.



Sec. 411.15  Particular services excluded from coverage.

    The following services are excluded from coverage:
    (a) Routine physical checkups such as:
    (1) Examinations performed for a purpose other than treatment or 
diagnosis of a specific illness, symptoms, complaint, or injury, except 
for screening mammography, colorectal cancer screening tests, screening 
pelvic exams, prostate cancer screening tests, glaucoma screening exams, 
or initial preventive physical examinations that meet the criteria 
specified in paragraphs (k)(6) through (k)(11) of this section.
    (2) Examinations required by insurance companies, business 
establishments, government agencies, or other third parties.
    (b) Eyeglasses or contact lenses, except for:
    (1) Post-surgical prosthetic lenses customarily used during 
convalescence for eye surgery in which the lens of the eye was removed 
(e.g., cataract surgery);
    (2) Prosthetic lenses for patients who lack the lens of the eye 
because of congenital absence or surgical removal; and
    (3) One pair of conventional eyeglasses or conventional contact 
lenses furnished after each cataract surgery during which an intraocular 
lens is inserted.
    (c) Eye examinations for the purpose of prescribing, fitting, or 
changing eyeglasses or contact lenses for refractive error only and 
procedures performed in the course of any eye examination to determine 
the refractive state of the eyes, without regard to the reason for the 
performance of the refractive procedures. Refractive procedures are 
excluded even when performed in connection with otherwise covered 
diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury.
    (d) Hearing aids or examination for the purpose of prescribing, 
fitting, or changing hearing aids.
    (e) Immunizations, except for--
    (1) Vaccinations or inoculations directly related to the treatment 
of an injury or direct exposure such as antirabies treatment, tetanus 
antitoxin or booster vaccine, botulin antitoxin, antivenom sera, or 
immune globulin;
    (2) Pneumococcal vaccinations that are reasonable and necessary for 
the prevention of illness;
    (3) Hepatitis B vaccinations that are reasonable and necessary for 
the prevention of illness for those individuals, as defined in Sec. 
410.63(a) of this chapter, who are at high or intermediate risk of 
contracting hepatitis B; and
    (4) Influenza vaccinations that are reasonable and necessary for the 
prevention of illness.
    (f) Orthopedic shoes or other supportive devices for the feet, 
except when shoes are integral parts of leg braces.
    (g) Custodial care, except as necessary for the palliation or 
management of terminal illness, as provided in part 418 of this chapter. 
(Custodial care is any

[[Page 384]]

care that does not meet the requirements for coverage as SNF care as set 
forth in Sec. Sec. 409.31 through 409.35 of this chapter.)
    (h) Cosmetic surgery and related services, except as required for 
the prompt repair of accidental injury or to improve the functioning of 
a malformed body member.
    (i) Dental services in connection with the care, treatment, filling, 
removal, or replacement of teeth, or structures directly supporting the 
teeth, except for inpatient hospital services in connection with such 
dental procedures when hospitalization is required because of--
    (1) The individual's underlying medical condition and clinical 
status; or
    (2) The severity of the dental procedures. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Before July 1981, inpatient hospital care in connection with 
dental procedures was covered only when required by the patient's 
underlying medical condition and clinical status.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (j) Personal comfort services, except as necessary for the 
palliation or management of terminal illness as provided in part 418 of 
this chapter. The use of a television set or a telephone are examples of 
personal comfort services.
    (k) Any services that are not reasonable and necessary for one of 
the following purposes:
    (1) For the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to 
improve the functioning of a malformed body member.
    (2) In the case of hospice services, for the palliation or 
management of terminal illness, as provided in part 418 of this chapter.
    (3) In the case of pneumococcal vaccine for the prevention of 
illness.
    (4) In the case of the patient outcome assessment program 
established under section 1875(c) of the Act, for carrying out the 
purpose of that section.
    (5) In the case of hepatitis B vaccine, for the prevention of 
illness for those individuals at high or intermediate risk of 
contracting hepatitis B. (Section 410.63(a) of this chapter sets forth 
criteria for identifying those individuals.)
    (6) In the case of screening mammography, for the purpose of early 
detection of breast cancer subject to the conditions and limitations 
specified in Sec. 410.34 of this chapter.
    (7) In the case of colorectal cancer screening tests, for the 
purpose of early detection of colorectal cancer subject to the 
conditions and limitations specified in Sec. 410.37 of this chapter.
    (8) In the case of screening pelvic examinations, for the purpose of 
early detection of cervical or vaginal cancer subject to the conditions 
and limitations specified in Sec. 410.56 of this chapter.
    (9) In the case of prostate cancer screening tests, for the purpose 
of early detection of prostate cancer, subject to the conditions and 
limitations specified in Sec. 410.39 of this chapter.
    (10) In the case of screening exams for glaucoma, for the purpose of 
early detection of glaucoma, subject to the conditions and limitations 
specified in Sec. 410.23 of this chapter.
    (11) In the case of initial preventive physical examinations, with 
the goal of health promotion and disease prevention, subject to the 
conditions and limitations specified in Sec. 410.16 of this chapter.
    (l) Foot care--(1) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph 
(l)(2) of this section, any services furnished in connection with the 
following:
    (i) Routine foot care, such as the cutting or removal of corns, or 
calluses, the trimming of nails, routine hygienic care (preventive 
maintenance care ordinarily within the realm of self care), and any 
service performed in the absence of localized illness, injury, or 
symptoms involving the feet.
    (ii) The evaluation or treatment of subluxations of the feet 
regardless of underlying pathology. (Subluxations are structural 
misalignments of the joints, other than fractures or complete 
dislocations, that require treatment only by nonsurgical methods.
    (iii) The evaluation or treatment of flattened arches (including the 
prescription of supportive devices) regardless of the underlying 
pathology.
    (2) Exceptions. (i) Treatment of warts is not excluded.
    (ii) Treatment of mycotic toenails may be covered if it is furnished 
no more often than every 60 days or the billing physician documents the 
need for more frequent treatment.

[[Page 385]]

    (iii) The services listed in paragraph (l)(1) of this section are 
not excluded if they are furnished--
    (A) As an incident to, at the same time as, or as a necessary 
integral part of a primary covered procedure performed on the foot; or
    (B) As initial diagnostic services (regardless of the resulting 
diagnosis) in connection with a specific symptom or complaint that might 
arise from a condition whose treatment would be covered.
    (m) Services to hospital patients--(1) Basic rule. Except as 
provided in paragraph (m)(3) of this section, any service furnished to 
an inpatient of a hospital or to a hospital outpatient (as defined in 
Sec. 410.2 of this chapter) during an encounter (as defined in Sec. 
410.2 of this chapter) by an entity other than the hospital unless the 
hospital has an arrangement (as defined in Sec. 409.3 of this chapter) 
with that entity to furnish that particular service to the hospital's 
patients. As used in this paragraph (m)(1), the term ``hospital'' 
includes a CAH.
    (2) Scope of exclusion. Services subject to exclusion from coverage 
under the provisions of this paragraph (m) include, but are not limited 
to, clinical laboratory services; pacemakers and other prostheses and 
prosthetic devices (other than dental) that replace all or part of an 
internal body organ (for example, intraocular lenses); artificial limbs, 
knees, and hips; equipment and supplies covered under the prosthetic 
device benefits; and services incident to a physician service.
    (3) Exceptions. The following services are not excluded from 
coverage:
    (i) Physicians' services that meet the criteria of Sec. 415.102(a) 
of this chapter for payment on a reasonable charge or fee schedule 
basis.
    (ii) Physician assistant services, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act, that are furnished after December 31, 1990.
    (iii) Nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
defined in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (iv) Certified nurse-midwife services, as defined in section 
1861(ff) of the Act, that are furnished after December 31, 1990.
    (v) Qualified psychologist services, as defined in section 1861(ii) 
of the Act, that are furnished after December 31, 1990.
    (vi) Services of an anesthetist, as defined in Sec. 410.69 of this 
chapter.
    (n) Certain services of an assistant-at-surgery. (1) Services of an 
assistant-at-surgery in a cataract operation (including subsequent 
insertion of an intraocular lens) unless, before the surgery is 
performed, the appropriate QIO or a carrier has approved the use of such 
an assistant in the surgical procedure based on the existence of a 
complicating medical condition.
    (2) Services on an assistant-at-surgery in a surgical procedure (or 
class of surgical procedures) for which assistants-at-surgery on average 
are used in fewer than 5 percent of such procedures nationally.
    (o) Experimental or investigational devices, except for certain 
devices--
    (1) Categorized by the FDA as a non-experimental/investigational 
(Category B) device defined in Sec. 405.201(b) of this chapter; and
    (2) Furnished in accordance with the FDA-approved protocols 
governing clinical trials.
    (p) Services furnished to SNF residents--(1) Basic rule. Except as 
provided in paragraph (p)(2) of this section, any service furnished to a 
resident of an SNF during a covered Part A stay by an entity other than 
the SNF, unless the SNF has an arrangement (as defined in Sec. 409.3 of 
this chapter) with that entity to furnish that particular service to the 
SNF's residents. Services subject to exclusion under this paragraph 
include, but are not limited to--
    (i) Any physical, occupational, or speech-language therapy services, 
regardless of whether the services are furnished by (or under the 
supervision of) a physician or other health care professional, and 
regardless of whether the resident who receives the services is in a 
covered Part A stay; and
    (ii) Services furnished as an incident to the professional services 
of a physician or other health care professional specified in paragraph 
(p)(2) of this section.

[[Page 386]]

    (2) Exceptions. The following services are not excluded from 
coverage, provided that the claim for payment includes the SNF's 
Medicare provider number in accordance with Sec. 424.32(a)(5) of this 
chapter:
    (i) Physicians' services that meet the criteria of Sec. 415.102(a) 
of this chapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (ii) Services performed under a physician's supervision by a 
physician assistant who meets the applicable definition in section 
1861(aa)(5) of the Act.
    (iii) Services performed by a nurse practitioner or clinical nurse 
specialist who meets the applicable definition in section 1861(aa)(5) of 
the Act and is working in collaboration (as defined in section 
1861(aa)(6) of the Act) with a physician.
    (iv) Services performed by a certified nurse-midwife, as defined in 
section 1861(gg) of the Act.
    (v) Services performed by a qualified psychologist, as defined in 
section 1861(ii) of the Act.
    (vi) Services performed by a certified registered nurse anesthetist, 
as defined in section 1861(bb) of the Act.
    (vii) Dialysis services and supplies, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(F) of the Act, and those ambulance services that are 
furnished in conjunction with them.
    (viii) Erythropoietin (EPO) for dialysis patients, as defined in 
section 1861(s)(2)(O) of the Act.
    (ix) Hospice care, as defined in section 1861(dd) of the Act.
    (x) An ambulance trip that initially conveys an individual to the 
SNF to be admitted as a resident, or that conveys an individual from the 
SNF in connection with one of the circumstances specified in paragraphs 
(p)(3)(i) through (p)(3)(iv) of this section as ending the individual's 
status as an SNF resident.
    (xi) The transportation costs of electrocardiogram equipment (HCPCS 
code R0076), but only with respect to those electrocardiogram test 
services furnished during 1998.
    (xii) Those chemotherapy items identified, as of July 1, 1999, by 
HCPCS codes J9000-J9020; J9040-J9151; J9170-J9185; J9200-J9201; J9206-
J9208; J9211; J9230-J9245; and J9265-J9600; and, as of January 1, 2004, 
by HCPCS codes A9522, A9523, A9533, and A9534.
    (xiii) Those chemotherapy administration services identified, as of 
July 1, 1999, by HCPCS codes 36260-36262; 36489; 36530-36535; 36640; 
36823; and 96405-96542.
    (xiv) Those radioisotope services identified, as of July 1, 1999, by 
HCPCS codes 79030-79440.
    (xv) Those customized prosthetic devices (including artificial limbs 
and their components) identified, as of July 1, 1999, by HCPCS codes 
L5050-L5340; L5500-L5611; L5613-L5986; L5988; L6050-L6370; L6400-6880; 
L6920-L7274; and L7362-L7366, which are delivered for a resident's use 
during a stay in the SNF and intended to be used by the resident after 
discharge from the SNF.
    (3) SNF resident defined. For purposes of this paragraph, a 
beneficiary who is admitted to a Medicare-participating SNF is 
considered to be a resident of the SNF for the duration of the 
beneficiary's covered Part A stay. In addition, for purposes of the 
services described in paragraph (p)(1)(i) of this section, a beneficiary 
who is admitted to a Medicare-participating SNF is considered to be a 
resident of the SNF regardless of whether the beneficiary is in a 
covered Part A stay. Whenever the beneficiary leaves the facility, the 
beneficiary's status as an SNF resident for purposes of this paragraph 
(along with the SNF's responsibility to furnish or make arrangements for 
the services described in paragraph (p)(1) of this section) ends when 
one of the following events occurs--
    (i) The beneficiary is admitted as an inpatient to a Medicare-
participating hospital or CAH, or as a resident to another SNF;
    (ii) The beneficiary receives services from a Medicare-participating 
home health agency under a plan of care;
    (iii) The beneficiary receives outpatient services from a Medicare-
participating hospital or CAH (but only with respect to those services 
that are beyond the general scope of SNF comprehensive care plans, as 
required under Sec. 483.20 of this chapter); or
    (iv) The beneficiary is formally discharged (or otherwise departs) 
from the SNF, unless the beneficiary is readmitted (or returns) to that 
or another SNF by midnight of the day of departure.

[[Page 387]]

    (q) Assisted suicide. Any health care service used for the purpose 
of causing, or assisting to cause, the death of any individual. This 
does not pertain to the withholding or withdrawing of medical treatment 
or care, nutrition or hydration or to the provision of a service for the 
purpose of alleviating pain or discomfort, even if the use may increase 
the risk of death, so long as the service is not furnished for the 
specific purpose of causing death.
    (r) A home health service (including medical supplies described in 
section 1861(m)(5) of the Act, but excluding durable medical equipment 
to the extent provided for in such section) as defined in section 
1861(m) of the Act furnished to an individual who is under a plan of 
care of an HHA, unless that HHA has submitted a claim for payment for 
such services.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989; 55 FR 1820, Jan. 19, 1990, as amended at 55 
FR 22789, June 4, 1990; 55 FR 31185, Aug. 1, 1990; 57 FR 33897, July 31, 
1992; 57 FR 36015, Aug. 12, 1992; 58 FR 30669, May 26, 1993; 59 FR 
49834, Sept. 30, 1994; 60 FR 48424, Sept. 19, 1995; 60 FR 63188, Dec. 8, 
1995; 62 FR 46037, Aug. 29, 1997; 62 FR 59101, Oct. 31, 1997; 63 FR 
26308, May 12, 1998; 63 FR 35066, June 26, 1998; 64 FR 41682, July 30, 
1999; 64 FR 59441, Nov. 2, 1999; 65 FR 18537, Apr. 7, 2000; 65 FR 41211, 
July 3, 2000; 65 FR 46796, July 31, 2000; 66 FR 32778, June 18, 2001; 66 
FR 39600, July 31, 2001; 66 FR 48078, Sept. 17, 2001; 66 FR 55331, Nov. 
1, 2001; 66 FR 58786, Nov. 23, 2001; 68 FR 46070, Aug. 4, 2003; 69 FR 
66423, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 45055, Aug. 4, 2005]



   Subpart B_Insurance Coverage That Limits Medicare Payment: General 
                               Provisions



Sec. 411.20  Basis and scope.

    (a) Statutory basis. (1) Section 1862(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Act 
precludes Medicare payment for services to the extent that payment has 
been made or can reasonably be expected to be made under a group health 
plan with respect to--
    (i) A beneficiary entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD during 
the first 18 months of that entitlement;
    (ii) A beneficiary who is age 65 or over, entitled to Medicare on 
the basis of age, and covered under the plan by virtue of his or her 
current employment status or the current employment status of a spouse 
of any age; or
    (iii) A beneficiary who is under age 65, entitled to Medicare on the 
basis of disability, and covered under the plan by virtue of his or her 
current employment status or the current employment status of a family 
member.
    (2) Section 1862(b)(2)(A)(ii) of the Act precludes Medicare payment 
for services to the extent that payment has been made or can reasonably 
be expected to be made under any of the following:
    (i) Workers' compensation.
    (ii) Liability insurance.
    (iii) No-fault insurance.
    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth general rules that apply to the 
types of insurance specified in paragraph (a) of this section. Other 
general rules that apply to group health plans are set forth in subpart 
E of this part.

[60 FR 45361, Aug. 31, 1995, as amended at 71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.21  Definitions.

    In this subpart B and in subparts C through H of this part, unless 
the context indicates otherwise--
    Conditional payment means a Medicare payment for services for which 
another payer is responsible, made either on the bases set forth in 
subparts C through H of this part, or because the intermediary or 
carrier did not know that the other coverage existed.
    Coverage or covered services, when used in connection with primary 
payments, means services for which a primary payer would pay if a proper 
claim were filed.
    Monthly capitation payment means a comprehensive monthly payment 
that covers all physician services associated with the continuing 
medical management of a maintenance dialysis patient who dialyses at 
home or as an outpatient in an approved ESRD facility.
    Plan means any arrangement, oral or written, by one or more 
entities, to provide health benefits or medical care or assume legal 
liability for injury or illness.
    Primary payer means, when used in the context in which Medicare is 
the secondary payer, any entity that is or was required or responsible 
to make payment with respect to an item or service (or any portion 
thereof) under a primary plan. These entities include,

[[Page 388]]

but are not limited to, insurers or self-insurers, third party 
administrators, and all employers that sponsor or contribute to group 
health plans or large group health plans.
    Primary payment means, when used in the context in which Medicare is 
the secondary payer, payment by a primary payer for services that are 
also covered under Medicare.
    Primary plan means, when used in the context in which Medicare is 
the secondary payer, a group health plan or large group health plan, a 
workers' compensation law or plan, an automobile or liability insurance 
policy or plan (including a self-insured plan), or no-fault insurance.
    Prompt or promptly, when used in connection with primary payments, 
except as provided in Sec. 411.50, for payments by liability insurers, 
means payment within 120 days after receipt of the claim.
    Proper claim means a claim that is filed timely and meets all other 
claim filing requirements specified by the plan, program, or insurer.
    Secondary, when used to characterize Medicare benefits, means that 
those benefits are payable only to the extent that payment has not been 
made and cannot reasonably be expected to be made under other coverage 
that is primary to Medicare.
    Secondary payments means payments made for Medicare covered services 
or portions of services that are not payable under other coverage that 
is primary to Medicare.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 45361, Aug. 31, 1995; 
71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.22  Reimbursement obligations of primary payers and entities that 
received payment from primary payers.

    (a) A primary payer, and an entity that receives payment from a 
primary payer, must reimburse CMS for any payment if it is demonstrated 
that the primary payer has or had a responsibility to make payment.
    (b) A primary payer's responsibility for payment may be demonstrated 
by--
    (1) A judgment;
    (2) A payment conditioned upon the recipient's compromise, waiver, 
or release (whether or not there is a determination or admission of 
liability) of payment for items or services included in a claim against 
the primary payer or the primary payer's insured; or
    (3) By other means, including but not limited to a settlement, 
award, or contractual obligation.

[71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.23  Beneficiary's cooperation.

    (a) If CMS takes action to recover conditional payments, the 
beneficiary must cooperate in the action.
    (b) If CMS's recovery action is unsuccessful because the beneficiary 
does not cooperate, CMS may recover from the beneficiary.



Sec. 411.24  Recovery of conditional payments.

    If a Medicare conditional payment is made, the following rules 
apply:
    (a) Release of information. The filing of a Medicare claim by on or 
behalf of the beneficiary constitutes an express authorization for any 
entity, including State Medicaid and workers' compensation agencies, and 
data depositories, that possesses information pertinent to the Medicare 
claim to release that information to CMS. This information will be used 
only for Medicare claims processing and for coordination of benefits 
purposes.
    (b) Right to initiate recovery. CMS may initiate recovery as soon as 
it learns that payment has been made or could be made under workers' 
compensation, any liability or no-fault insurance, or an employer group 
health plan.
    (c) Amount of recovery. (1) If it is not necessary for CMS to take 
legal action to recover, CMS recovers the lesser of the following:
    (i) The amount of the Medicare primary payment.
    (ii) The full primary payment amount that the primary payer is 
obligated to pay under this part without regard to any payment, other 
than a full primary payment that the primary payer has paid or will 
make, or, in the case of a primary payment recipient, the amount of the 
primary payment.
    (2) If it is necessary for CMS to take legal action to recover from 
the primary payer, CMS may recover twice

[[Page 389]]

the amount specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section.
    (d) Methods of recovery. CMS may recover by direct collection or by 
offset against any monies CMS owes the entity responsible for refunding 
the conditional payment.
    (e) Recovery from primary payers. CMS has a direct right of action 
to recover from any primary payer.
    (f) Claims filing requirements. (1) CMS may recover without regard 
to any claims filing requirements that the insurance program or plan 
imposes on the beneficiary or other claimant such as a time limit for 
filing a claim or a time limit for notifying the plan or program about 
the need for or receipt of services.
    (2) However, CMS will not recover its payment for particular 
services in the face of a claims filing requirement unless it has filed 
a claim for recovery by the end of the year following the year in which 
the Medicare intermediary or carrier that paid the claim has notice that 
the third party is a primary plan to Medicare for those particular 
services. (A notice received during the last three months of a year is 
considered received during the following year.)
    (g) Recovery from parties that receive primary payments. CMS has a 
right of action to recover its payments from any entity, including a 
beneficiary, provider, supplier, physician, attorney, State agency or 
private insurer that has received a primary payment.
    (h) Reimbursement to Medicare. If the beneficiary or other party 
receives a primary payment, the beneficiary or other party must 
reimburse Medicare within 60 days.
    (i) Special rules. (1) In the case of liability insurance 
settlements and disputed claims under employer group health plans, 
workers' compensation insurance or plan, and no-fault insurance, the 
following rule applies: If Medicare is not reimbursed as required by 
paragraph (h) of this section, the primary payer must reimburse Medicare 
even though it has already reimbursed the beneficiary or other party.
    (2) The provisions of paragraph (i)(1) of this section also apply if 
a primary payer makes its payment to an entity other than Medicare when 
it is, or should be, aware that Medicare has made a conditional primary 
payment.
    (3) In situations that involve procurement costs, the rule of Sec. 
411.37(b) applies.
    (j) Recovery against Medicaid agency. If a primary payment is made 
to a State Medicaid agency and that agency does not reimburse Medicare, 
CMS may reduce any Federal funds due the Medicaid agency (under title 
XIX of the Act) by an amount equal to the Medicare payment or the 
primary payment, whichever is less.
    (k) Recovery against Medicare contractor. If a Medicare contractor, 
including an intermediary or carrier, also insures, underwrites, or 
administers as a third party administrator, a program or plan that is 
primary to Medicare, and does not reimburse Medicare, CMS may offset the 
amount owed against any funds due the intermediary or carrier under 
title XVIII of the Act or due the contractor under the contract.
    (l) Recovery when there is failure to file a proper claim--(1) Basic 
rule. If Medicare makes a conditional payment with respect to services 
for which the beneficiary or provider or supplier has not filed a proper 
claim with a primary payer, and Medicare is unable to recover from the 
primary payer, Medicare may recover from the beneficiary or provider or 
supplier that was responsible for the failure to file a proper claim.
    (2) Exceptions: (i) This rule does not apply in the case of 
liability insurance nor when failure to file a proper claim is due to 
mental or physical incapacity of the beneficiary.
    (ii) CMS will not recover from providers or suppliers that are in 
compliance with the requirements of Sec. 489.20 of this chapter and can 
show that the reason they failed to file a proper claim is that the 
beneficiary, or someone acting on his or her behalf, failed to give, or 
gave erroneous, information regarding coverage that is primary to 
Medicare.
    (m) Interest charges. (1) With respect to recovery of payments for 
items and services furnished before October 31, 1994, CMS charges 
interest, exercising common law authority in accordance with 45 CFR 
30.13, consistent with the

[[Page 390]]

Federal Claims Collection Act (31 U.S.C. 3711).
    (2) In addition to its common law authority with respect to recovery 
of payments for items and services furnished on or after October 31, 
1994, CMS charges interest in accordance with section 1862(b)(2)(B)(i) 
of the Act. Under that provision--
    (i) CMS may charge interest if reimbursement is not made to the 
appropriate trust fund before the expiration of the 60-day period that 
begins on the date on which notice or other information is received by 
CMS that payment has been or could be made under a primary plan;
    (ii) Interest may accrue from the date when that notice or other 
information is received by CMS, is charged until reimbursement is made, 
and is applied for full 30-day periods; and
    (iii) The rate of interest is that provided at Sec. 405.378(d) of 
this chapter.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 1820, Jan. 19, 1990; 60 
FR 45361, 45362, Aug. 31, 1995; 69 FR 45607, July 30, 2004; 71 FR 9470, 
Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.25  Primary payer's notice of mistaken Medicare primary payment.

    (a) If a primary payer learns that CMS has made a Medicare primary 
payment for services for which the primary payer has made or should have 
made primary payment, it must give notice to that effect to the Medicare 
intermediary or carrier that paid the claim.
    (b) The notice must describe the specific situation and the 
circumstances (including the particular type of insurance coverage as 
specified in Sec. 411.20(a)) and, if appropriate, the time period 
during which the insurer is primary to Medicare.
    (c) If a plan is self-insured and self-administered, the employer 
must give the notice to CMS. Otherwise, the insurer, underwriter, or 
third party administrator must give the notice.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989; as amended at 55 FR 1820, Jan. 19, 1990]



Sec. 411.26  Subrogation and right to intervene.

    (a) Subrogation. With respect to services for which Medicare paid, 
CMS is subrogated to any individual, provider, supplier, physician, 
private insurer, State agency, attorney, or any other entity entitled to 
payment by a primary payer.
    (b) Right to intervene. CMS may join or intervene in any action 
related to the events that gave rise to the need for services for which 
Medicare paid.



Sec. 411.28  Waiver of recovery and compromise of claims.

    (a) CMS may waive recovery, in whole or in part, if the probability 
of recovery, or the amount involved, does not warrant pursuit of the 
claim.
    (b) General rules applicable to compromise of claims are set forth 
in subpart F of part 401 and Sec. 405.376 of this chapter.
    (c) Other rules pertinent to recovery are contained in subpart C of 
part 405 of this chapter.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 61 FR 63749, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 411.30  Effect of primary payment on benefit utilization and 
deductibles.

    (a) Benefit utilization. Inpatient psychiatric hospital and SNF care 
that is paid for by a primary payer is not counted against the number of 
inpatient care days available to the beneficiary under Medicare Part A.
    (b) Deductibles. Expenses for Medicare covered services that are 
paid for by primary payers are credited toward the Medicare Part A and 
Part B deductibles.



Sec. 411.31  Authority to bill primary payers for full charges.

    (a) The fact that Medicare payments are limited to the DRG amount, 
or the reasonable charge, reasonable cost, capitation or fee schedule 
rate, does not affect the amount that a primary payer may pay.
    (b) With respect to workers' compensation plans, no-fault insurers, 
and employer group health plans, a provider or supplier may bill its 
full charges and expect those charges to be paid unless there are limits 
imposed by laws other than title XVIII of the Act or by agreements with 
the primary payer.

[[Page 391]]



Sec. 411.32  Basis for Medicare secondary payments.

    (a) Basic rules. (1) Medicare benefits are secondary to benefits 
payable by a primary payer even if State law or the primary payer states 
that its benefits are secondary to Medicare benefits or otherwise limits 
its payments to Medicare beneficiaries.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, Medicare 
makes secondary payments, within the limits specified in paragraph (c) 
of this section and in Sec. 411.33, to supplement the primary payment 
if that payment is less than the charges for the services and, in the 
case of services paid on other than a reasonable charge basis, less than 
the gross amount payable by Medicare under Sec. 411.33(e).
    (b) Exception. Medicare does not make a secondary payment if the 
provider or supplier is either obligated to accept, or voluntarily 
accepts, as full payment, a primary payment that is less than its 
charges.
    (c) General limitation: Failure to file a proper claim. When a 
provider or supplier, or a beneficiary who is not physically or mentally 
incapacitated, receives a reduced primary payment because of failure to 
file a proper claim, the Medicare secondary payment may not exceed the 
amount that would have been payable under Sec. 411.33 if the primary 
payer had paid on the basis of a proper claim.

The provider, supplier, or beneficiary must inform CMS that a reduced 
payment was made, and the amount that would have been paid if a proper 
claim had been filed.



Sec. 411.33  Amount of Medicare secondary payment.

    (a) Services for which CMS pays on a Medicare fee schedule or 
reasonable charge basis. The Medicare secondary payment is the lowest of 
the following:
    (1) The actual charge by the supplier (or the amount the supplier is 
obligated to accept as payment in full if that is less than the charges) 
minus the amount paid by the primary payer.
    (2) The amount that Medicare would pay if the services were not 
covered by a primary payer.
    (3) The higher of the Medicare fee schedule, Medicare reasonable 
charge, or other amount which would be payable under Medicare (without 
regard to any applicable Medicare deductible or coinsurance amounts) or 
the primary payer's allowable charge (without regard to any deductible 
or co-insurance imposed by the policy or plan) minus the amount actually 
paid by the primary payer.
    (b) Example: An individual received treatment from a physician for 
which the physician charged $175. The primary payer allowed $150 of the 
charge and paid 80 percent of this amount or $120. The Medicare fee 
schedule for this treatment is $125. The individual's Part B deductible 
had been met. As secondary payer, Medicare pays the lowest of the 
following amounts:
    (1) Excess of actual charge minus the primary payment: $175-120=$55.
    (2) Amount Medicare would pay if the services were not covered by a 
primary payer: .80x$125=$100.
    (3) Primary payer's allowable charge without regard to its 
coinsurance (since that amount is higher than the Medicare fee schedule 
in this case) minus amount paid by the primary payer: $150-120=$30.

The Medicare payment is $30.
    (c)-(d) [Reserved]
    (e) Services reimbursed on a basis other than fee schedule, 
reasonable charge, or monthly capitation rate. The Medicare secondary 
payment is the lowest of the following:
    (1) The gross amount payable by Medicare (that is, the amount 
payable without considering the effect of the Medicare deductible and 
coinsurance or the payment by the primary payer), minus the applicable 
Medicare deductible and coinsurance amounts.
    (2) The gross amount payable by Medicare, minus the amount paid by 
the primary payer.
    (3) The provider's charges (or the amount the provider is obligated 
to accept as payment in full, if that is less than the charges), minus 
the amount payable by the primary payer.
    (4) The provider's charges (or the amount the provider is obligated 
to accept as payment in full if that is less than the charges), minus 
the applicable Medicare deductible and coinsurance amounts.

[[Page 392]]

    (f) Examples: (1) A hospital furnished 7 days of inpatient hospital 
care in 1987 to a Medicare beneficiary. The provider's charges for 
Medicare-covered services totaled $2,800. The primary payer paid $2,360. 
No part of the Medicare inpatient hospital deductible of $520 had been 
met. If the gross amount payable by Medicare in this case is $2,700, 
then as secondary payer, Medicare pays the lowest of the following 
amounts:
    (i) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the Medicare 
inpatient hospital deductible: $2,700-$520=$2,180.
    (ii) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the primary payment: 
$2,700-$2,360=$340.
    (iii) The provider's charges minus the primary payment: $2,800-
$2,360=$440.
    (iv) The provider's charges minus the Medicare deductible: $2,800-
$520=$2,280. Medicare's secondary payment is $340 and the combined 
payment made by the primary payer and Medicare on behalf of the 
beneficiary is $2,700. The $520 deductible was satisfied by the primary 
payment so that the beneficiary incurred no out-of-pocket expenses.
    (2) A hospital furnished 1 day of inpatient hospital care in 1987 to 
a Medicare beneficiary. The provider's charges for Medicare-covered 
services totalled $750. The primary payer paid $450. No part of the 
Medicare inpatient hospital deductible had been met previously. The 
primary payment is credited toward that deductible. If the gross amount 
payable by Medicare in this case is $850, then as secondary payer, 
Medicare pays the lowest of the following amounts:
    (i) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the Medicare 
deductible: $850-$520=$330.
    (ii) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the primary payment: 
$850-$450=$400.
    (iii) The provider's charges minus the primary payment: $750-
$450=$300.
    (iv) The provider's charges minus the Medicare deductible: $750-
$520=$230. Medicare's secondary payment is $230, and the combined 
payment made by the primary payer and Medicare on behalf of the 
beneficiary is $680. The hospital may bill the beneficiary $70 (the $520 
deductible minus the $450 primary payment). This fully discharges the 
beneficiary's deductible obligation.
    (3) An ESRD beneficiary received 8 dialysis treatments for which a 
facility charged $160 per treatment for a total of $1,280. No part of 
the beneficiary's $75 Part B deductible had been met. The primary payer 
paid $1,024 for Medicare-covered services. The composite rate per 
dialysis treatment at this facility is $131 or $1,048 for 8 treatments. 
As secondary payer, Medicare pays the lowest of the following:
    (i) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the applicable 
Medicare deductible and coinsurance: $1,048-$75-$194.60=$778.40. (The 
coinsurance is calculated as follows: $1,048 composite rate-$75 
deductible=$973x.20=$194.60).
    (ii) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the primary payment: 
$1,048-$1,024=$24.
    (iii) The provider's charges minus the primary payment: $1,280-
$1,024=$256.
    (iv) The provider's charge minus the Medicare deductible and 
coinsurance: $1,280-$75-$194.60=1010.40. Medicare pays $24. The 
beneficiary's Medicare deductible and coinsurance were met by the 
primary payment.
    (4) A hospital furnished 5 days of inpatient care in 1987 to a 
Medicare beneficiary. The provider's charges for Medicare-covered 
services were $4,000 and the gross amount payable was $3,500. The 
provider agreed to accept $3,000 from the primary payer as payment in 
full. The primary payer paid $2,900 due to a deductible requirement 
under the primary plan. Medicare considers the amount the provider is 
obligated to accept as full payment ($3,000) to be the provider charges. 
The Medicare secondary payment is the lowest of the following:
    (i) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the Medicare 
inpatient deductible: $3,500-$520=$2,980.
    (ii) The gross amount payable by Medicare minus the primary payment: 
$3,500-$2,900=$600.
    (iii) The provider's charge minus the primary payment: $3,000-
$2,900=$100.
    (iv) The provider's charges minus the Medicare inpatient deductible: 
$3,000-$520=$2,480. The Medicare secondary payment is $100. When 
Medicare is the secondary payer, the combined

[[Page 393]]

payment made by the primary payer and Medicare on behalf of the 
beneficiary is $3,000. The beneficiary has no liability for Medicare-
covered services since the primary payment satisfied the $520 
deductible.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 1820, Jan. 19, 1990; 60 
FR 45362, Aug. 31, 1995; 71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.35  Limitations on charges to a beneficiary or other party when a 

workers' compensation plan, a no-fault insurer, or an employer group health 

plan is primary payer.

    (a) Definition. As used in this section Medicare-covered services 
means services for which Medicare benefits are payable or would be 
payable except for the Medicare deductible and coinsurance provisions 
and the amounts payable by the primary payer.
    (b) Applicability. This section applies when a workers' compensation 
plan, a no-fault insurer or an employer group health plan is primary to 
Medicare.
    (c) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, 
the amounts the provider or supplier may collect or seek to collect, for 
the Medicare-covered services from the beneficiary or any entity other 
than the workers' compensation plan, the no-fault insurer, or the 
employer plan and Medicare, are limited to the following:
    (1) The amount paid or payable by the primary payer to the 
beneficiary. If this amount exceeds the amount payable by Medicare 
(without regard to deductible or coinsurance), the provider or supplier 
may retain the primary payment in full without violating the terms of 
the provider agreement or the conditions of assignment.
    (2) The amount, if any, by which the applicable Medicare deductible 
and coinsurance amounts exceed any primary payment made or due to the 
beneficiary or to the provider or supplier for the medical services.
    (3) The amount of any charges that may be made to a beneficiary 
under Sec. 413.35 of this chapter when cost limits are applied to the 
services, or under Sec. 489.32 of this chapter when the services are 
partially covered, but only to the extent that the primary payer is not 
responsible for those charges.
    (d) Exception. The limitations of paragraph (c) of this section do 
not apply if the services were furnished by a supplier that is not a 
participating supplier and has not accepted assignment for the services 
or claimed payment under Sec. 424.64 of this chapter.



Sec. 411.37  Amount of Medicare recovery when a primary payment is made as a 

result of a judgment or settlement.

    (a) Recovery against the party that received payment--(1) General 
rule. Medicare reduces its recovery to take account of the cost of 
procuring the judgment or settlement, as provided in this section, if--
    (i) Procurement costs are incurred because the claim is disputed; 
and
    (ii) Those costs are borne by the party against which CMS seeks to 
recover.
    (2) Special rule. If CMS must file suit because the party that 
received payment opposes CMS's recovery, the recovery amount is as set 
forth in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (b) Recovery against the primary payer. If CMS seeks recovery from 
the primary payer, in accordance with Sec. 411.24(i), the recovery 
amount will be no greater than the amount determined under paragraph (c) 
or (d) or (e) of this section.
    (c) Medicare payments are less than the judgment or settlement 
amount. If Medicare payments are less than the judgment or settlement 
amount, the recovery is computed as follows:
    (1) Determine the ratio of the procurement costs to the total 
judgment or settlement payment.
    (2) Apply the ratio to the Medicare payment. The product is the 
Medicare share of procurement costs.
    (3) Subtract the Medicare share of procurement costs from the 
Medicare payments. The remainder is the Medicare recovery amount.
    (d) Medicare payments equal or exceed the judgment or settlement 
amount. If Medicare payments equal or exceed the judgment or settlement 
amount, the recovery amount is the total judgment or settlement payment 
minus the total procurement costs.
    (e) CMS incurs procurement costs because of opposition to its 
recovery. If CMS must bring suit against the party

[[Page 394]]

that received payment because that party opposes CMS's recovery, the 
recovery amount is the lower of the following:
    (1) Medicare payment.
    (2) The total judgment or settlement amount, minus the party's total 
procurement cost.



  Subpart C_Limitations on Medicare Payment for Services Covered Under 
                          Workers' Compensation



Sec. 411.40  General provisions.

    (a) Definition. ``Workers' compensation plan of the United States'' 
includes the workers' compensation plans of the 50 States, the District 
of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, 
as well as the systems provided under the Federal Employees' 
Compensation Act and the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation 
Act.
    (b) Limitations on Medicare payment. (1) Medicare does not pay for 
any services for which--
    (i) Payment has been made, or can reasonably be expected to be made 
under a workers' compensation law or plan of the United States or a 
state; or
    (ii) Payment could be made under the Federal Black Lung Program, but 
is precluded solely because the provider of the services has failed to 
secure, from the Department of Labor, a provider number to include in 
the claim.
    (2) If the payment for a service may not be made under workers' 
compensation because the service is furnished by a source not authorized 
to provide that service under the particular workers' compensation 
program, Medicare pays for the service if it is a covered service.
    (3) Medicare makes secondary payments in accordance with Sec. 
411.32 and Sec. 411.33.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.43  Beneficiary's responsibility with respect to workers' 
compensation.

    (a) The beneficiary is responsible for taking whatever action is 
necessary to obtain any payment that can reasonably be expected under 
workers' compensation.
    (b) Except as specified in Sec. 411.45(a), Medicare does not pay 
until the beneficiary has exhausted his or her remedies under workers' 
compensation.
    (c) Except as specified in Sec. 411.45(b), Medicare does not pay 
for services that would have been covered under workers' compensation if 
the beneficiary had filed a proper claim.
    (d) However, if a claim is denied for reasons other than not being a 
proper claim, Medicare pays for the services if they are covered under 
Medicare.



Sec. 411.45  Basis for conditional Medicare payment in workers' compensation 
cases.

    (a) A conditional Medicare payment may be made under either of the 
following circumstances:
    (1) The beneficiary has filed a proper claim for workers' 
compensation benefits, but the intermediary or carrier determines that 
the workers' compensation carrier will not pay promptly. This includes 
cases in which a workers' compensation carrier has denied a claim.
    (2) The beneficiary, because of physical or mental capacity, failed 
to file a proper claim.
    (b) Any conditional payment that CMS makes is conditioned on 
reimbursement to CMS in accordance with subpart B of this part.

[71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.46  Lump-sum payments.

    (a) Lump-sum commutation of future benefits. If a lump-sum 
compensation award stipulates that the amount paid is intended to 
compensate the individual for all future medical expenses required 
because of the work-related injury or disease, Medicare payments for 
such services are excluded until medical expenses related to the injury 
or disease equal the amount of the lump-sum payment.
    (b) Lump-sum compromise settlement. (1) A lump-sum compromise 
settlement is deemed to be a workers' compensation payment for Medicare 
purposes, even if the settlement agreement stipulates that there is no 
liability under the workers' compensation law or plan.

[[Page 395]]

    (2) If a settlement appears to represent an attempt to shift to 
Medicare the responsibility for payment of medical expenses for the 
treatment of a work-related condition, the settlement will not be 
recognized. For example, if the parties to a settlement attempt to 
maximize the amount of disability benefits paid under workers' 
compensation by releasing the workers' compensation carrier from 
liability for medical expenses for a particular condition even though 
the facts show that the condition is work-related, Medicare will not pay 
for treatment of that condition.
    (c) Lump-sum compromise settlement: Effect on services furnished 
before the date of settlement. Medicare pays for medical expenses 
incurred before the lump-sum compromise settlement only to the extent 
specified in Sec. 411.47.
    (d) Lump-sum compromise settlement: Effect on payment for services 
furnished after the date of settlement--(1) Basic rule. Except as 
specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, if a lump-sum compromise 
settlement forecloses the possibility of future payment of workers' 
compensation benefits, medical expenses incurred after the date of the 
settlement are payable under Medicare.
    (2) Exception. If the settlement agreement allocates certain amounts 
for specific future medical services, Medicare does not pay for those 
services until medical expenses related to the injury or disease equal 
the amount of the lump-sum settlement allocated to future medical 
expenses.



Sec. 411.47  Apportionment of a lump-sum compromise settlement of a workers' 
compensation claim.

    (a) Determining amount of compromise settlement considered as a 
payment for medical expenses. (1) If a compromise settlement allocates a 
portion of the payment for medical expenses and also gives reasonable 
recognition to the income replacement element, that apportionment may be 
accepted as a basis for determining Medicare payments.
    (2) If the settlement does not give reasonable recognition to both 
elements of a workers' compensation award or does not apportion the sum 
granted, the portion to be considered as payment for medical expenses is 
computed as follows:
    (i) Determine the ratio of the amount awarded (less the reasonable 
and necessary costs incurred in procuring the settlement) to the total 
amount that would have been payable under workers' compensation if the 
claim had not been compromised.
    (ii) Multiply that ratio by the total medical expenses incurred as a 
result of the injury or disease up to the date of the settlement. The 
product is the amount of the workers' compensation settlement to be 
considered as payment for medical expenses.

    Example: As the result of a work injury, an individual suffered loss 
of income and incurred medical expenses for which the total workers' 
compensation payment would have been $24,000 if the case had not been 
compromised. The medical expenses amounted to $18,000. The workers' 
compensation carrier made a settlement with the beneficiary under which 
it paid $8,000 in total. A separate award was made for legal fees. Since 
the workers' compensation compromise settlement was for one-third of the 
amount which would have been payable under workers' compensation had the 
case not been compromised ($8,000/$24,000=\1/3\), the workers' 
compensation compromise settlement is considered to have paid for one-
third of the total medical expenses (\1/3\x$18,000=$6,000).

    (b) Determining the amount of the Medicare overpayment. When 
conditional Medicare payments have been made, and the beneficiary 
receives a compromise settlement payment, the Medicare overpayment is 
determined as set forth in this paragraph (b). The amount of the 
workers' compensation payment that is considered to be for medical 
expenses (as determined under paragraph (a) of this section) is applied, 
at the workers' compensation rate of payment prevailing in the 
particular jurisdiction, in the following order:
    (1) First to any beneficiary payments for services payable under 
workers' compensation but not covered under Medicare.
    (2) Then to any beneficiary payments for services payable under 
workers' compensation and also covered under Medicare Part B. (These 
include deductible and coinsurance amounts and, in unassigned cases, the 
charge in excess of the reasonable charge.)

[[Page 396]]

    (3) Last to any beneficiary payments for services payable under 
workers' compensation and also covered under Medicare Part A. (These 
include Part A deductible and coinsurance amounts and charges for 
services furnished after benefits are exhausted.)

The difference between the amount of the workers' compensation payment 
for medical expenses and any beneficiary payments constitutes the 
Medicare overpayment. The beneficiary is liable for that amount.

    Example: In the example in paragraph (a) of this section, it was 
determined that the workers' compensation settlement paid for $6,000 of 
the total medical expenses. The $18,000 in medical expenses included 
$1,500 in charges for services not covered under Medicare, $7,500 in 
charges for services covered under Medicare Part B, and $9,000 in 
hospital charges for services covered under Medicare Part A. All charges 
were at the workers' compensation payment rate, that is, in amounts the 
provider or supplier must accept as payment in full.
    The Medicare reasonable charge for physicians' services was $7,000 
and Medicare paid $5,600 (80 percent of the reasonable charge). The Part 
B deductible had been met. The Medicare payment rate for the hospital 
services was $8,000. Medicare paid the hospital $7,480 ($8,000--the Part 
A deductible of $520).
    In this situation, the beneficiary's payments totalled $3,920:

Services not covered under Medicare............................   $1,500
Excess of physicians' charges over reasonable charges..........      500
Medicare Part B coinsurance....................................    1,400
Part A deductible..............................................      520
                                                                --------
      Total....................................................    3,920
 

    The Medicare overpayment, for which the beneficiary is liable, would 
be $2,080 ($6,000-$3,920).



  Subpart D_Limitations on Medicare Payment for Services Covered Under 
                     Liability or No-Fault Insurance



Sec. 411.50  General provisions.

    (a) Limits on applicability. The provisions of this subpart C do not 
apply to any services required because of accidents that occurred before 
December 5, 1980.
    (b) Definitions.
    Automobile means any self-propelled land vehicle of a type that must 
be registered and licensed in the State in which it is owned.
    Liability insurance means insurance (including a self-insured plan) 
that provides payment based on legal liability for injury or illness or 
damage to property. It includes, but is not limited to, automobile 
liability insurance, uninsured motorist insurance, underinsured motorist 
insurance, homeowners' liability insurance, malpractice insurance, 
product liability insurance, and general casualty insurance.
    Liability insurance payment means a payment by a liability insurer, 
or an out-of-pocket payment, including a payment to cover a deductible 
required by a liability insurance policy, by any individual or other 
entity that carries liability insurance or is covered by a self-insured 
plan.
    No-fault insurance means insurance that pays for medical expenses 
for injuries sustained on the property or premises of the insured, or in 
the use, occupancy, or operation of an automobile, regardless of who may 
have been responsible for causing the accident. This insurance includes 
but is not limited to automobile, homeowners, and commercial plans. It 
is sometimes called ``medical payments coverage'', ``personal injury 
protection'', or ``medical expense coverage''.
    Prompt or promptly, when used in connection with payment by a 
liability insurer means payment within 120 days after the earlier of the 
following:
    (1) The date a claim is filed with an insurer or a lien is filed 
against a potential liability settlement.
    (2) The date the service was furnished or, in the case of inpatient 
hospital services, the date of discharge.
    Self-insured plan means a plan under which an individual, or a 
private or governmental entity, carries its own risk instead of taking 
out insurance with a carrier. This term includes a plan of an individual 
or other entity engaged in a business, trade, or profession, a plan of a 
non-profit organization such as a social, fraternal, labor, educational, 
religious, or professional organization, and the plan established by the 
Federal government to pay liability claims under the Federal Tort Claims 
Act. An entity that engages in a business, trade, or profession is

[[Page 397]]

deemed to have a self-insured plan for purposes of liability insurance 
if it carries its own risk (whether by a failure to obtain insurance, or 
otherwise) in whole or in part.
    Underinsured motorist insurance means insurance under which the 
policyholder's level of protection against losses caused by another is 
extended to compensate for inadequate coverage in the other party's 
policy or plan.
    Uninsured motorist insurance means insurance under which the 
policyholder's insurer will pay for damages caused by a motorist who has 
no automobile liability insurance or who carries less than the amount of 
insurance required by law, or is underinsured.
    (c) Limitation on payment for services covered under no-fault 
insurance. Except as provided under Sec. Sec. 411.52 and 411.53 with 
respect to conditional payments. Medicare does not pay for the 
following:
    (1) Services for which payment has been made or can reasonably be 
expected to be made under automobile no-fault insurance.
    (2) Services furnished on or after November 13, 1989 for which 
payment has been made or can reasonably be expected to be made under any 
no-fault insurance other than automobile no-fault.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 1820, Jan. 19, 1990; 71 
FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.51  Beneficiary's responsibility with respect to no-fault insurance.

    (a) The beneficiary is responsible for taking whatever action is 
necessary to obtain any payment that can reasonably be expected under 
no-fault insurance.
    (b) Except as specified in Sec. 411.53, Medicare does not pay until 
the beneficiary has exhausted his or her remedies under no-fault 
insurance.
    (c) Except as specified in Sec. 411.53, Medicare does not pay for 
services that would have been covered by the no-fault insurance if the 
beneficiary had filed a proper claim.
    (d) However, if a claim is denied for reasons other than not being a 
proper claim, Medicare pays for the services if they are covered under 
Medicare.



Sec. 411.52  Basis for conditional Medicare payment in liability cases.

    (a) A conditional Medicare payment may be made in liability cases 
under either of the following circumstances:
    (1) The beneficiary has filed a proper claim for liability insurance 
benefits but the intermediary or carrier determines that the liability 
insurer will not pay promptly for any reason other than the 
circumstances described in Sec. 411.32(a)(1). This includes cases in 
which the liability insurance carrier has denied the claim.
    (2) The beneficiary has not filed a claim for liability insurance 
benefits.
    (b) Any conditional payment that CMS makes is conditioned on 
reimbursement to CMS in accordance with subpart B of this part.

[71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.53  Basis for conditional Medicare payment in no-fault cases.

    (a) A conditional Medicare payment may be made in no-fault cases 
under either of the following circumstances:
    (1) The beneficiary has filed a proper claim for no-fault insurance 
benefits but the intermediary or carrier determines that the no-fault 
insurer will not pay promptly for any reason other than the 
circumstances described in Sec. 411.32(a)(1). This includes cases in 
which the no-fault insurance carrier has denied the claim.
    (2) The beneficiary, because of physical or mental incapacity, 
failed to meet a claim-filing requirement stipulated in the policy.
    (b) Any conditional payment that CMS makes is conditioned on 
reimbursement to CMS in accordance with subpart B of this part.

[71 FR 9470, Feb. 24, 2006]



Sec. 411.54  Limitation on charges when a beneficiary has received a 
liability insurance payment or has a claim pending against a liability 
insurer.

    (a) Definition. As used in this section, Medicare-covered services 
means services for which Medicare benefits are payable or would be 
payable except for applicable Medicare deductible and coinsurance 
provisions. Medicare benefits are payable notwithstanding potential

[[Page 398]]

liability insurance payments, but are recoverable in accordance with 
Sec. 411.24.
    (b) Applicability. This section applies when a beneficiary has 
received a liability insurance payment or has a claim pending against a 
liability insurer for injuries or illness allegedly caused by another 
party.
    (c) Itemized bill. A hospital must, upon request, furnish to the 
beneficiary or his or her representative an itemized bill of the 
hospital's charges.
    (d) Exception--(1) Prepaid health plans. If the services were 
furnished through an organization that has a contact under section 1876 
of the Act (that is, an HMO or CMP), or through an organization that is 
paid under section 1833(a)(1)(A) of the Act (that is, through an HCPP) 
the rules of Sec. 417.528 of this chapter apply.
    (2) Special rules for Oregon. For the State of Oregon, because of a 
court decision, and in the absence of a reversal on appeal or a 
statutory clarification overturning the decision, there are the 
following special rules:
    (i) The provider or supplier may elect to bill a liability insurer 
or place a lien against the beneficiary's liability settlement for 
Medicare covered services, rather than bill only Medicare for Medicare 
covered services, if the liability insurer pays within 120 days after 
the earlier of the following dates:
    (A) The date the provider or supplier files a claim with the insurer 
or places a lien against a potential liability settlement.
    (B) The date the services were provided or, in the case of inpatient 
hospital services, the date of discharge.
    (ii) If the liability insurer does not pay within the 120-day 
period, the provider or supplier:
    (A) Must withdraw its claim with the liability insurer and/or 
withdraw its lien against a potential liability settlement.
    (B) May only bill Medicare for Medicare covered services.
    (C) May bill the beneficiary only for applicable Medicare deductible 
and co-insurance amounts plus the amount of any charges that may be made 
to a beneficiary under 413.35 of this chapter (when cost limits are 
applied to these services) or under 489.32 of this chapter (when 
services are partially covered).

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 68 FR 43942, July 25, 2003]



Subpart E_Limitations on Payment for Services Covered Under Group Health 
                        Plans: General Provisions

    Source: 60 FR 45362, Aug. 31, 1995, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 411.100  Basis and scope.

    (a) Statutory basis. (1) Section 1862(b) of the Act provides in part 
that Medicare is secondary payer, under specified conditions, for 
services covered under any of the following:
    (i) Group health plans of employers that employ at least 20 
employees and that cover Medicare beneficiaries age 65 or older who are 
covered under the plan by virtue of the individual's current employment 
status with an employer or the current employment status of a spouse of 
any age. (Section 1862(b)(1)(A))
    (ii) Group health plans (without regard to the number of individuals 
employed and irrespective of current employment status) that cover 
individuals who have ESRD. Except as provided in Sec. 411.163, group 
health plans are always primary payers throughout the first 18 months of 
ESRD-based Medicare eligibility or entitlement. (Section 1862(b)(1)(C))
    (iii) Large group health plans (that is, plans of employers that 
employ at least 100 employees) and that cover Medicare beneficiaries who 
are under age 65, entitled to Medicare on the basis of disability, and 
covered under the plan by virtue of the individual's or a family 
member's current employment status with an employer. (Section 
1862(b)(1)(B))
    (2) Sections 1862(b)(1)(A), (B), and (C) of the Act provide that 
group health plans and large group health plans may not take into 
account that the individuals described in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section are entitled to Medicare on the basis of age or disability, or 
eligible for, or entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD.

[[Page 399]]

    (3) Section 1862(b)(1)(A)(i)(II) of the Act provides that group 
health plans of employers of 20 or more employees must provide to any 
employee or spouse age 65 or older the same benefits, under the same 
conditions, that it provides to employees and spouses under 65. The 
requirement applies regardless of whether the individual or spouse 65 or 
older is entitled to Medicare.
    (4) Section 1862(b)(1)(C)(ii) of the Act provides that group health 
plans may not differentiate in the benefits they provide between 
individuals who have ESRD and other individuals covered under the plan 
on the basis of the existence of ESRD, the need for renal dialysis, or 
in any other manner. Actions that constitute ``differentiating'' are 
listed in Sec. 411.161(b).
    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth general rules pertinent to--
    (1) Medicare payment for services that are covered under a group 
health plan and are furnished to certain beneficiaries who are entitled 
on the basis of ESRD, age, or disability.
    (2) The prohibition against taking into account Medicare entitlement 
based on age or disability, or Medicare eligibility or entitlement based 
on ESRD.
    (3) The prohibition against differentiation in benefits between 
individuals who have ESRD and other individuals covered under the plan.
    (4) The requirement to provide to those 65 or over the same benefits 
under the same conditions as are provided to those under 65.
    (5) The appeals procedures for group health plans that CMS 
determines are nonconforming plans.



Sec. 411.101  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart and in subparts F through H of this part--
    COBRA stands for Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 
1985.
    Days means calendar days.
    Employee (subject to the special rules in Sec. 411.104) means an 
individual who--
    (1) Is working for an employer; or
    (2) Is not working for an employer but is receiving payments that 
are subject to FICA taxes, or would be subject to FICA taxes except that 
the employer is exempt from those taxes under the Internal Revenue Code.
    Employer means, in addition to individuals (including self-employed 
persons) and organizations engaged in a trade or business, other 
entities exempt from income tax such as religious, charitable, and 
educational institutions, the governments of the United States, the 
individual States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American 
Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the District of Columbia, and 
the agencies, instrumentalities, and political subdivisions of these 
governments.
    FICA stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, the law 
that imposes social security taxes on employers and employees under 
section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code.
    Group health plan (GHP) means any arrangement made by one or more 
employers or employee organizations to provide health care directly or 
through other methods such as insurance or reimbursement, to current or 
former employees, the employer, others associated or formerly associated 
with the employer in a business relationship, or their families, that--
    (1) Is of, or contributed to by, one or more employers or employee 
organizations.
    (2) If it involves more than one employer or employee organization, 
provides for common administration.
    (3) Provides substantially the same benefits or the same benefit 
options to all those enrolled under the arrangement.

The term includes self-insured plans, plans of governmental entities 
(Federal, State and local), and employee organization plans; that is, 
union plans, employee health and welfare funds or other employee 
organization plans. The term also includes employee-pay-all plans, which 
are plans under the auspices of one or more employers or employee 
organizations but which receive no financial contributions from them. 
The term does not include a plan that is unavailable to employees; for 
example, a plan only for self-employed persons.
    IRC stands for Internal Revenue Code.

[[Page 400]]

    IRS stands for Internal Revenue Service.
    Large group health plan (LGHP) means a GHP that covers employees of 
either--
    (1) A single employer or employee organization that employed at 
least 100 full-time or part-time employees on 50 percent or more of its 
regular business days during the previous calendar year; or
    (2) Two or more employers, or employee organizations, at least one 
of which employed at least 100 full-time or part-time employees on 50 
percent or more of its regular business days during the previous 
calendar year.
    MSP stands for Medicare secondary payer.
    Multi-employer plan means a plan that is sponsored jointly by two or 
more employers (sometimes called a multiple-employer plan) or by 
employers and unions (sometimes under the Taft-Hartley law).
    Self-employed person encompasses consultants, owners of businesses, 
and directors of corporations, and members of the clergy and religious 
orders who are paid for their services by a religious body or other 
entity.
    Similarly situated individual means--
    (1) In the case of employees, other employees enrolled or seeking to 
enroll in the plan; and
    (2) In the case of other categories of individuals, other persons in 
any of those categories who are enrolled or seeking to enroll in the 
plan.



Sec. 411.102  Basic prohibitions and requirements.

    (a) ESRD. (1) A group health plan of any size--(i) May not take into 
account the ESRD-based Medicare eligibility or entitlement of any 
individual who is covered or seeks to be covered under the plan; and
    (ii) May not differentiate in the benefits it provides between 
individuals with ESRD and other individuals covered under the plan, on 
the basis of the existence of ESRD, or the need for dialysis, or in any 
other manner.
    (2) The prohibitions of paragraph (a) of this section do not 
prohibit a plan from paying benefits secondary to Medicare after the 
first 18 months of ESRD-based eligibility or entitlement.
    (b) Age. A GHP of an employer or employee organization of at least 
20 employees--
    (1) May not take into account the age-based Medicare entitlement of 
an individual or spouse age 65 or older who is covered (or seeks to be 
covered) under the plan by virtue of current employment status; and
    (2) Must provide, to employees age 65 or older and to spouses age 65 
or older of employees of any age, the same benefits under the same 
conditions as it provides to employees and spouses under age 65.
    (c) Disability. A GHP of an employer or employee organization of at 
least 100 employees may not take into account the disability-based 
Medicare entitlement of any individual who is covered (or seeks to be 
covered) under the plan by virtue of current employment status.



Sec. 411.103  Prohibition against financial and other incentives.

    (a) General rule. An employer or other entity (for example, an 
insurer) is prohibited from offering Medicare beneficiaries financial or 
other benefits as incentives not to enroll in, or to terminate 
enrollment in, a GHP that is, or would be, primary to Medicare. This 
prohibition precludes offering to Medicare beneficiaries an alternative 
to the employer primary plan (for example, coverage of prescription 
drugs) unless the beneficiary has primary coverage other than Medicare. 
An example would be primary coverage through his own or a spouse's 
employer.
    (b) Penalty for violation. (1) Any entity that violates the 
prohibition of paragraph (a) of this section is subject to a civil money 
penalty of up to $5,000 for each violation; and
    (2) The provisions of section 1128A of the Act (other than 
subsections (a) and (b)) apply to the civil money penalty of up to 
$5,000 in the same manner as the provisions apply to a penalty or 
proceeding under section 1128A(a).



Sec. 411.104  Current employment status.

    (a) General rule. An individual has current employment status if--
    (1) The individual is actively working as an employee, is the 
employer (including a self-employed person), or is

[[Page 401]]

associated with the employer in a business relationship; or
    (2) The individual is not actively working and--
    (i) Is receiving disability benefits from an employer for up to 6 
months (the first 6 months of employer disability benefits are subject 
to FICA taxes); or
    (ii) Retains employment rights in the industry and has not had his 
employment terminated by the employer, if the employer provides the 
coverage (or has not had his membership in the employee organization 
terminated, if the employee organization provides the coverage), is not 
receiving disability benefits from an employer for more than 6 months, 
is not receiving disability benefits from Social Security, and has GHP 
coverage that is not pursuant to COBRA continuation coverage (26 U.S.C. 
4980B; 29 U.S.C. 1161-1168; 42 U.S.C. 300bb-1 et seq.). Whether or not 
the individual is receiving pay during the period of nonwork is not a 
factor.
    (b) Persons who retain employment rights. For purposes of paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section, persons who retain employment rights include but 
are not limited to--
    (1) Persons who are furloughed, temporarily laid off, or who are on 
sick leave;
    (2) Teachers and seasonal workers who normally do not work 
throughout the year; and
    (3) Persons who have health coverage that extends beyond or between 
active employment periods; for example, based on an hours bank 
arrangement. (Active union members often have hours bank coverage.)
    (c) Coverage by virtue of current employment status. An individual 
has coverage by virtue of current employment status with an employer 
if--
    (1) the individual has GHP or LGHP coverage based on employment, 
including coverage based on a certain number of hours worked for that 
employer or a certain level of commissions earned from work for that 
employer at any time; and
    (2) the individual has current employment status with that employer, 
as defined in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (d) Special rule: Self-employed person. A self-employed individual 
is considered to have GHP or LGHP coverage by virtue of current 
employment status during a particular tax year only if, during the 
preceding tax year, the individual's net earnings, from work in that 
year related to the employer that offers the group health coverage, are 
at least equal to the amount specified in section 211(b)(2) of the Act, 
which defines ``self-employment income'' for social security purposes.
    (e) Special Rule: members of religious orders and members of 
clergy--(1) Members of religious orders who have not taken a vow of 
poverty. A member of a religious order who has not taken a vow of 
poverty is considered to have current employment status with the 
religious order if--
    (i) The religious order pays FICA taxes on behalf of that member; or
    (ii) The individual is receiving cash remuneration from the 
religious order.
    (2) Members of religious orders who have taken a vow of poverty. A 
member of a religious order whose members are required to take a vow of 
poverty is not considered to be employed by the order if the services he 
or she performs as a member of the order are considered employment only 
because the order elects social security coverage under section 3121(r) 
of the IRC. This exemption applies retroactively to services performed 
as a member of the order, beginning with the effective dates of the MSP 
provisions for the aged and the disabled, respectively. The exemption 
does not apply to services performed for employers outside of the order.
    (3) Members of the clergy. A member of the clergy is considered to 
have current employment status with a church or other religious 
organization if the individual is receiving cash remuneration from the 
church or other religious organization for services rendered.
    (f) Special rule: Delayed compensation subject to FICA taxes. An 
individual who is not working is not considered an employee solely on 
the basis of receiving delayed compensation payments for previous 
periods of work even if those payments are subject to FICA taxes (or 
would be subject to FICA taxes if the employer were not exempt from 
paying

[[Page 402]]

those taxes). For example, an individual who is not working in 1993 and 
receives payments subject to FICA taxes for work performed in 1992 is 
not considered to be an employee in 1993 solely on the basis of 
receiving those payments.



Sec. 411.106  Aggregation rules.

    The following rules apply in determining the number and size of 
employers, as required by the MSP provisions for the aged and disabled:
    (a) All employers that are treated as a single employer under 
subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) 
of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 52 (a) and (b)) are treated as a single employer.
    (b) All employees of the members of an affiliated service group (as 
defined in section 414(m) of the IRC (26 U.S.C. 414m)) are treated as 
employed by a single employer.
    (c) Leased employees (as defined in section 414(n)(2) of the IRC (26 
U.S.C. 414(n)(2)) are treated as employees of the person for whom they 
perform services to the same extent as they are treated under section 
414(n) of the IRC.
    (d) In applying the IRC provisions identified in this section, CMS 
relies upon regulations and decisions of the Secretary of the Treasury 
respecting those provisions.



Sec. 411.108  Taking into account entitlement to Medicare.

    (a) Examples of actions that constitute ``taking into account''. 
Actions by GHPs or LGHPs that constitute taking into account that an 
individual is entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD, age, or 
disability (or eligible on the basis of ESRD) include, but are not 
limited to, the following:
    (1) Failure to pay primary benefits as required by subparts F, G, 
and H of this part 411.
    (2) Offering coverage that is secondary to Medicare to individuals 
entitled to Medicare.
    (3) Terminating coverage because the individual has become entitled 
to Medicare, except as permitted under COBRA continuation coverage 
provisions (26 U.S.C. 4980B(f)(2)(B)(iv); 29 U.S.C. 1162.(2)(D); and 42 
U.S.C. 300bb-2.(2)(D)).
    (4) In the case of a LGHP, denying or terminating coverage because 
an individual is entitled to Medicare on the basis of disability without 
denying or terminating coverage for similarly situated individuals who 
are not entitled to Medicare on the basis of disability.
    (5) Imposing limitations on benefits for a Medicare entitled 
individual that do not apply to others enrolled in the plan, such as 
providing less comprehensive health care coverage, excluding benefits, 
reducing benefits, charging higher deductibles or coinsurance, providing 
for lower annual or lifetime benefit limits, or more restrictive pre-
existing illness limitations.
    (6) Charging a Medicare entitled individual higher premiums.
    (7) Requiring a Medicare entitled individual to wait longer for 
coverage to begin.
    (8) Paying providers and suppliers less for services furnished to a 
Medicare beneficiary than for the same services furnished to an enrollee 
who is not entitled to Medicare.
    (9) Providing misleading or incomplete information that would have 
the effect of inducing a Medicare entitled individual to reject the 
employer plan, thereby making Medicare the primary payer. An example of 
this would be informing the beneficiary of the right to accept or reject 
the employer plan but failing to inform the individual that, if he or 
she rejects the plan, the plan will not be permitted to provide or pay 
for secondary benefits.
    (10) Including in its health insurance cards, claims forms, or 
brochures distributed to beneficiaries, providers, and suppliers, 
instructions to bill Medicare first for services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries without stipulating that such action may be taken only 
when Medicare is the primary payer.
    (11) Refusing to enroll an individual for whom Medicare would be 
secondary payer, when enrollment is available to similarly situated 
individuals for whom Medicare would not be secondary payer.
    (b) Permissible actions. (1) If a GHP or LGHP makes benefit 
distinctions among various categories of individuals (distinctions 
unrelated to the fact that the individual is disabled, based,

[[Page 403]]

for instance, on length of time employed, occupation, or marital 
status), the GHP or LGHP may make the same distinctions among the same 
categories of individuals entitled to Medicare whose plan coverage is 
based on current employment status. For example, if a GHP or LGHP does 
not offer coverage to employees who have worked less than one year and 
who are not entitled to Medicare on the basis of disability or age, the 
GHP or LGHP is not required to offer coverage to employees who have 
worked less than one year and who are entitled to Medicare on the basis 
of disability or age.
    (2) A GHP or LGHP may pay benefits secondary to Medicare for an aged 
or disabled beneficiary who has current employment status if the plan 
coverage is COBRA continuation coverage because of reduced hours of 
work. Medicare is primary payer for this beneficiary because, although 
he or she has current employment status, the GHP coverage is by virtue 
of the COBRA law rather than by virtue of the current employment status.
    (3) A GHP may terminate COBRA continuation coverage of an individual 
who becomes entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD, when permitted 
under the COBRA provisions.

[60 FR 45362, Aug. 31, 1995; 60 FR 53876, Oct. 18, 1995]



Sec. 411.110  Basis for determination of nonconformance.

    (a) A ``determination of nonconformance'' is a CMS determination 
that a GHP or LGHP is a nonconforming plan as provided in this section.
    (b) CMS makes a determination of nonconformance for a GHP or LGHP 
that, at any time during a calendar year, fails to comply with any of 
the following statutory provisions:
    (1) The prohibition against taking into account that a beneficiary 
who is covered or seeks to be covered under the plan is entitled to 
Medicare on the basis of ESRD, age, or disability, or eligible on the 
basis of ESRD.
    (2) The nondifferentiation clause for individuals with ESRD.
    (3) The equal benefits clause for the working aged.
    (4) The obligation to refund conditional Medicare primary payments.
    (c) CMS may make a determination of nonconformance for a GHP or LGHP 
that fails to respond to a request for information, or to provide 
correct information, either voluntarily or in response to a CMS request, 
on the plan's primary payment obligation with respect to a given 
beneficiary, if that failure contributes to either or both of the 
following:
    (1) Medicare erroneously making a primary payment.
    (2) A delay or foreclosure of CMS's ability to recover an erroneous 
primary payment.



Sec. 411.112  Documentation of conformance.

    (a) Acceptable documentation. CMS may require a GHP or LGHP to 
demonstrate that it has complied with the Medicare secondary payer 
provisions and to submit supporting documentation by an official 
authorized to act on behalf of the entity, under penalty of perjury. The 
following are examples of documentation that may be acceptable:
    (1) A copy of the employer's plan or policy that specifies the 
services covered, conditions of coverage, benefit levels and limitations 
with respect to persons entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD, age, 
or disability as compared to the provisions applicable to other 
enrollees and potential enrollees.
    (2) An explanation of the plan's allegation that it does not owe CMS 
any amount CMS claims the plan owes as repayment for conditional or 
mistaken Medicare primary payments.
    (b) Lack of acceptable documentation. If a GHP or LGHP fails to 
provide acceptable evidence or documentation that it has complied with 
the MSP prohibitions and requirements set forth in Sec. 411.110, CMS 
may make a determination of nonconformance for both the year in which 
the services were furnished and the year in which the request for 
information was made.



Sec. 411.114  Determination of nonconformance.

    (a) Starting dates for determination of nonconformance. CMS's 
authority to determine nonconformance of GHPs begins on the following 
dates:

[[Page 404]]

    (1) On January 1, 1987 for MSP provisions that affect the disabled.
    (2) On December 20, 1989 for MSP provisions that affect ESRD 
beneficiaries and the working aged.
    (3) On August 10, 1993 for failure to refund mistaken Medicare 
primary payments.
    (b) Special rule for failure to repay. A GHP that fails to comply 
with Sec. 411.110 (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(3) in a particular year is 
nonconforming for that year. If, in a subsequent year, that plan fails 
to repay the resulting mistaken primary payments (in accordance with 
Sec. 411.110(a)(4)), the plan is also nonconforming for the subsequent 
year. For example, if a plan paid secondary for the working aged in 
1991, that plan was nonconforming for 1991. If in 1994 CMS identifies 
mistaken primary payments attributable to the 1991 violation, and the 
plan refuses to repay, it is also nonconforming for 1994.



Sec. 411.115  Notice of determination of nonconformance.

    (a) Notice to the GHP or LGHP. (1) If CMS determines that a GHP or 
an LGHP is nonconforming with respect to a particular calendar year, CMS 
mails to the plan written notice of the following:
    (i) The determination.
    (ii) The basis for the determination.
    (iii) The right of the parties to request a hearing.
    (iv) An explanation of the procedure for requesting a hearing.
    (v) The tax that may be assessed by the IRS in accordance with 
section 5000 of the IRC.
    (vi) The fact that if none of the parties requests a hearing within 
65 days from the date of its notice, the determination is binding on all 
parties unless it is reopened in accordance with Sec. 411.126.
    (2) The notice also states that the plan must, within 30 days from 
the date on its notice, submit to CMS the names and addresses of all 
employers and employee organizations that contributed to the plan during 
the calendar year for which CMS has determined nonconformance.
    (b) Notice to contributing employers and employee organizations. CMS 
mails written notice of the determination, including all the information 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, to all contributing 
employers and employee organizations already known to CMS or identified 
by the plan in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of this section. 
Employers and employee organizations have 65 days from the date of their 
notice to request a hearing.



Sec. 411.120  Appeals.

    (a) Parties to the determination. The parties to the determination 
are CMS, the GHP or LGHP for which CMS determined nonconformance, and 
any employers or employee organizations that contributed to the plan 
during the calendar year for which CMS determined nonconformance.
    (b) Request for hearing. (1) A party's request for hearing must be 
in writing (not in facsimile or other electronic medium) and in the 
manner stipulated in the notice of nonconformance; it must be filed 
within 65 days from the date on the notice.
    (2) The request may include rationale showing why the parties 
believe that CMS's determination is incorrect and supporting 
documentation.
    (3) A request is considered filed on the date it is received by the 
appropriate office, as shown by the receipt date stamped on the request.



Sec. 411.121  Hearing procedures.

    (a) Nature of hearing. (1) If any of the parties requests a hearing 
within 65 days from the date on the notice of the determination of 
nonconformance, the CMS Administrator appoints a hearing officer.
    (2) If no party files a request within the 65-day period, the 
initial determination of nonconformance is binding upon all parties 
unless it is reopened in accordance with Sec. 411.126.
    (3) If more than one party requests a hearing the hearing officer 
conducts a single hearing in which all parties may participate.
    (4) On the record review. Ordinarily, the hearing officer makes a 
decision based upon review of the data and documents on which CMS based 
its determination of nonconformance and any other documentation 
submitted by any of the parties within 65 days from the date on the 
notice.

[[Page 405]]

    (5) Oral hearing. The hearing officer may provide for an oral 
hearing either on his or her own motion or in response to a party's 
request if the party demonstrates to the hearing officer's satisfaction 
that an oral hearing is necessary. Within 30 days of receipt of the 
request, the hearing officer gives all known parties written notice of 
the request and whether the request for oral hearing is granted.
    (b) Notice of time and place of oral hearing. If the hearing officer 
provides an oral hearing, he or she gives all known parties written 
notice of the time and place of the hearing at least 30 days before the 
scheduled date.
    (c) Prehearing discovery. (1) The hearing officer may permit 
prehearing discovery if it is requested by a party at least 10 days 
before the scheduled date of the hearing.
    (2) If the hearing officer approves the request, he or she--
    (i) Provides a reasonable time for inspection and reproduction of 
documents; and
    (ii) In ruling on discovery matters, is guided by the Federal Rules 
of Civil Procedure. (28 U.S.C.A. Rules 26-37)
    (3) The hearing officer's orders on all discovery matters are final.
    (d) Conduct of hearing. The hearing officer determines the conduct 
of the hearing, including the order in which the evidence and the 
allegations are presented.
    (e) Evidence at hearing. (1) The hearing officer inquires into the 
matters at issue and may receive from all parties documentary and other 
evidence that is pertinent and material, including the testimony of 
witnesses, and evidence that would be inadmissible in a court of law.
    (2) Evidence may be received at any time before the conclusion of 
the hearing.
    (3) The hearing officer gives the parties opportunity for submission 
and consideration of evidence and arguments and, in ruling on the 
admissibility of evidence, excludes irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly 
repetitious evidence.
    (4) The hearing officer's ruling on admissibility of evidence is 
final and not subject to further review.
    (f) Subpoenas. (1) The hearing officer may, either on his or her own 
motion or upon the request of any party, issue subpoenas for either or 
both of the following if they are reasonably necessary for full 
presentation of the case:
    (i) The attendance and testimony of witnesses.
    (ii) The production of books, records, correspondence, papers, or 
other documents that are relevant and material to any matter at issue.
    (2) A party that wishes the issuance of a subpoena must, at least 10 
days before the date fixed for the hearing, file with the hearing 
officer a written request that identifies the witnesses or documents to 
be produced and describes the address or location in sufficient detail 
to permit the witnesses or documents to be found.
    (3) The request for a subpoena must state the pertinent facts that 
the party expects to establish by the witnesses or documents and whether 
those facts could be established by other evidence without the use of a 
subpoena.
    (4) The hearing officer issues the subpoenas at his or her 
discretion, and CMS assumes the cost of the issuance and the fees and 
mileage of any subpoenaed witness, in accordance with section 205(d) of 
the Act (42 U.S.C. 405(d)).
    (g) Witnesses. Witnesses at the hearing testify under oath or 
affirmation, unless excused by the hearing officer for cause. The 
hearing officer may examine the witnesses and shall allow the parties to 
examine and cross-examine witnesses.
    (h) Record of hearing. A complete record of the proceedings at the 
hearing is made and transcribed in all cases. It is made available to 
the parties upon request. The record is not closed until a decision has 
been issued.
    (i) Sources of hearing officer's authority. In the conduct of the 
hearing, the hearing officer complies with all the provisions of title 
XVIII of the Act and implementing regulations, as well as with CMS 
Rulings issued under Sec. 401.108 of this chapter. The hearing officer 
gives great weight to interpretive rules, general statements of policy, 
and rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice established by 
CMS.

[[Page 406]]



Sec. 411.122  Hearing officer's decision.

    (a) Timing. (1) If the decision is based on a review of the record, 
the hearing officer mails the decision to all known parties within 120 
days from the date of receipt of the request for hearing.
    (2) If the decision is based on an oral hearing, the hearing officer 
mails the decision to all known parties within 120 days from the 
conclusion of the hearing.
    (b) Basis, content, and distribution of hearing decision. (1) The 
written decision is based on substantial evidence and contains findings 
of fact, a statement of reasons, and conclusions of law.
    (2) The hearing officer mails a copy of the decision to each of the 
parties, by certified mail, return receipt requested, and includes a 
notice that the administrator may review the hearing decision at the 
request of a party or on his or her own motion.
    (c) Effect of hearing decision. The hearing officer's decision is 
the final Departmental decision and is binding upon all parties unless 
the Administrator chooses to review that decision in accordance with 
Sec. 411.124 or it is reopened by the hearing officer in accordance 
with Sec. 411.126.



Sec. 411.124  Administrator's review of hearing decision.

    (a) Request for review. A party's request for review of a hearing 
officer's decision must be in writing (not in facsimile or other 
electronic medium) and must be received by the Administrator within 25 
days from the date on the decision.
    (b) Office of the Attorney Advisor responsibility. The Office of the 
Attorney Advisor examines the hearing officer's decision, the requests 
made by any of the parties or CMS, and any submission made in accordance 
with the provisions of this section in order to assist the Administrator 
in deciding whether to review the decision.
    (c) Administrator's discretion. The Administrator may--
    (1) Review or decline to review the hearing officer's decision;
    (2) Exercise this discretion on his or her own motion or in response 
to a request from any of the parties; and
    (3) Delegate review responsibility to the Deputy Administrator. (As 
used in this section, the term ``Administrator'' includes ``Deputy 
Administrator'' if review responsibility has been delegated.)
    (d) Basis for decision to review. In deciding whether to review a 
hearing officer's decision, the Administrator considers--
    (1) Whether the decision--
    (i) Is based on a correct interpretation of law, regulation, or CMS 
Ruling;
    (ii) Is supported by substantial evidence;
    (iii) Presents a significant policy issue having a basis in law and 
regulations;
    (iv) Requires clarification, amplification, or an alternative legal 
basis for the decision; and
    (v) Is within the authority provided by statute, regulation, or CMS 
Ruling; and
    (2) Whether review may lead to the issuance of a CMS Ruling or other 
directive needed to clarify a statute or regulation.
    (e) Notice of decision to review or not to review. (1) The 
Administrator gives all parties prompt written notice of his or her 
decision to review or not to review.
    (2) The notice of a decision to review identifies the specific 
issues the Administrator will consider.
    (f) Response to notice of decision to review. (1) Within 20 days 
from the date on a notice of the Administrator's decision to review a 
hearing officer's decision, any of the parties may file with the 
Administrator any or all of the following:
    (i) Proposed findings and conclusions.
    (ii) Supporting views or exceptions to the hearing officer's 
decision.
    (iii) Supporting reasons for the proposed findings and exceptions.
    (iv) A rebuttal to another party's request for review or to other 
submissions already filed with the Administrator.
    (2) The submissions must be limited to the issues the Administrator 
has decided to review and confined to the record established by the 
hearing officer.

[[Page 407]]

    (3) All communications from the parties concerning a hearing 
officer's decision being reviewed by the Administrator must be in 
writing (not in facsimile or other electronic medium) and must include a 
certification that copies have been sent to all other parties.
    (4) The Administrator does not consider any communication that does 
not meet the requirements of this paragraph.
    (g) Administrator's review decision. (1) The Administrator bases his 
or her decision on the following:
    (i) The entire record developed by the hearing officer.
    (ii) Any materials submitted in connection with the hearing or under 
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (iii) Generally known facts not subject to reasonable dispute.
    (2) The Administrator mails copies of the review decision to all 
parties within 120 days from the date of the hearing officer's decision.
    (3) The Administrator's review decision may affirm, reverse, or 
modify the hearing decision or may remand the case to the hearing 
officer.
    (h) Basis and effect of remand--(1) Basis. The bases for remand do 
not include the following:
    (i) Evidence that existed at the time of the hearing and that was 
known or could reasonably have been expected to be known.
    (ii) A court case that was either not available at the time of the 
hearing or was decided after the hearing.
    (iii) Change of the parties' representation.
    (iv) An alternative legal basis for an issue in dispute.
    (2) Effect of remand. (i) The Administrator may instruct the hearing 
officer to take further action with respect to the development of 
additional facts or new issues or to consider the applicability of laws 
or regulations other than those considered during the hearing.
    (ii) The hearing officer takes the action in accordance with the 
Administrator's instructions in the remand notice and again issues a 
decision.
    (iii) The Administrator may review or decline to review the hearing 
officer's remand decision in accordance with the procedures set forth in 
this section.
    (i) Finality of decision. The Administrator's review decision, or 
the hearing officer's decision following remand, is the final 
Departmental decision and is binding on all parties unless the 
Administrator chooses to review the decision in accordance with this 
section, or the decision is reopened in accordance with Sec. 411.126.



Sec. 411.126  Reopening of determinations and decisions.

    (a) A determination that a GHP or LGHP is a nonconforming GHP or the 
decision or revised decision of a hearing officer or of the CMS 
Administrator may be reopened within 12 months from the date on the 
notice of determination or decision or revised decision, for any reason 
by the entity that issued the determination or decision.
    (b) The decision to reopen or not to reopen is not appealable.



Sec. 411.130  Referral to Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

    (a) CMS responsibility. After CMS determines that a plan has been a 
nonconforming GHP in a particular year, it refers its determination to 
the IRS, but only after the parties have exhausted all CMS appeal rights 
with respect to the determination.
    (b) IRS responsibility. The IRS administers section 5000 of the IRC, 
which imposes a tax on employers (other than governmental entities) and 
employee organizations that contribute to a nonconforming GHP. The tax 
is equal to 25 percent of the employer's or employee organization's 
expenses, incurred during the calendar year in which the plan is a 
nonconforming GHP, for each GHP, both conforming and nonconforming, to 
which the employer or employee organization contributes.



 Subpart F_Special Rules: Individuals Eligible or Entitled on the Basis 
         of ESRD, Who Are Also Covered Under Group Health Plans



Sec. 411.160  Scope.

    This subpart sets forth special rules that apply to individuals who 
are eligible for, or entitled to, Medicare on the

[[Page 408]]

basis of ESRD. (Section 406.13 of this chapter contains the rules for 
eligibility and entitlement based on ESRD.)

[60 FR 45367, Aug. 31, 1995]



Sec. 411.161  Prohibition against taking into account Medicare eligibility or 
entitlement or differentiating benefits.

    (a) Taking into account--(1) Basic rule. A GHP may not take into 
account that an individual is eligible for or entitled to Medicare 
benefits on the basis of ESRD during the coordination period specified 
in Sec. 411.162(b) and (c). Examples of actions that constitute taking 
into account Medicare entitlement are listed in Sec. 411.108(a).
    (2) Applicability. This prohibition applies for ESRD-based Medicare 
eligibility to the same extent as for ESRD-based Medicare entitlement. 
An individual who has ESRD but who has not filed an application for 
entitlement to Medicare on that basis is eligible for Medicare based on 
ESRD for purposes of paragraphs (b)(2) and (c)(2) through (c)(4) of 
Sec. 411.162 if the individual meets the other requirements of Sec. 
406.13 of this chapter.
    (3) Relation to COBRA continuation coverage. This rule does not 
prohibit the termination of GHP coverage under title X of COBRA when 
termination of that coverage is expressly permitted, upon entitlement to 
Medicare, under 26 U.S.C. 4980B(f)(2)(B)(iv); 29 U.S.C. 1162.(2)(D); or 
42 U.S.C. 300bb-2.(2)(D).\1\ (Situations in which Medicare is secondary 
to COBRA continuation coverage are set forth in Sec. 411.162(a)(3).)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ COBRA requires that certain group health plans offer 
continuation of plan coverage for 18 to 36 months after the occurrence 
of certain ``qualifying events,'' including loss of employment or 
reduction of employment hours. Those are events that otherwise would 
result in loss of group health plan coverage unless the individual is 
given the opportunity to elect, and does so elect, to continue plan 
coverage at his or her own expense. With one exception, the COBRA 
amendments expressly permit termination of continuation coverage upon 
entitlement to Medicare. The exception is that the plan may not 
terminate continuation coverage of an individual (and his or her 
qualified dependents) if the individual retires on or before the date 
the employer substantially eliminates regular plan coverage by filing 
for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (26 U.S.C. 4980B(g)(1)(D) and 29 U.S.C. 
1167.(3)(C)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Nondifferentiation. (1) A GHP may not differentiate in the 
benefits it provides between individuals who have ESRD and others 
enrolled in the plan, on the basis of the existence of ESRD, or the need 
for renal dialysis, or in any other manner.
    (2) GHP actions that constitute differentiation in plan benefits 
(and that may also constitute ``taking into account'' Medicare 
eligibility or entitlement) include, but are not limited to the 
following:
    (i) Terminating coverage of individuals with ESRD, when there is no 
basis for such termination unrelated to ESRD (such as failure to pay 
plan premiums) that would result in termination for individuals who do 
not have ESRD.
    (ii) Imposing on persons who have ESRD, but not on others enrolled 
in the plan, benefit limitations such as less comprehensive health plan 
coverage, reductions in benefits, exclusions of benefits, a higher 
deductible or coinsurance, a longer waiting period, a lower annual or 
lifetime benefit limit, or more restrictive preexisting illness 
limitations.
    (iii) Charging individuals with ESRD higher premiums.
    (iv) Paying providers and suppliers less for services furnished to 
individuals who have ESRD than for the same services furnished to those 
who do not have ESRD, such as paying 80 percent of the Medicare rate for 
renal dialysis on behalf of a plan enrollee who has ESRD and the usual, 
reasonable and customary charge for renal dialysis on behalf of an 
enrollee who does not have ESRD.
    (v) Failure to cover routine maintenance dialysis or kidney 
transplants, when a plan covers other dialysis services or other organ 
transplants.
    (c) Uniform Limitations on particular services permissible. A plan 
is not prohibited from limiting covered utilization of a particular 
service as long as the limitation applies uniformly to all plan 
enrollees. For instance, if a plan limits its coverage of renal dialysis

[[Page 409]]

sessions to 30 per year for all plan enrollees, the plan would not be 
differentiating in the benefits it provides between plan enrollees who 
have ESRD and those who do not.
    (d) Benefits secondary to Medicare. (1) The prohibition against 
differentiation of benefits does not preclude a plan from paying 
benefits secondary to Medicare after the expiration of the coordination 
period described in Sec. 411.162(b) and (c), but a plan may not 
otherwise differentiate, as described in paragraph (b) of this section, 
in the benefits it provides.
    (2) Example--

    Mr. Smith works for employer A, and he and his wife are covered 
through employer A's GHP (Plan A). Neither is eligible for Medicare nor 
has ESRD. Mrs. Smith works for employer B, and is also covered by 
employer B's plan (Plan B). Plan A is more comprehensive than Plan B and 
covers certain items and services which Plan B does not cover, such as 
prescription drugs. If Mrs. Smith obtains a medical service, Plan B pays 
primary and Plan A pays secondary. That is, Plan A covers Plan B 
copayment amounts and items and services that Plan A covers but that 
Plan B does not.
    Mr. Jones also works for employer A, and he and his wife are covered 
by Plan A. Mrs. Jones does not have other GHP coverage. Mrs. Jones 
develops ESRD and becomes entitled to Medicare on that basis. Plan A 
pays primary to Medicare during the first 18 months of Medicare 
entitlement based on ESRD. When Medicare becomes the primary payer, the 
plan converts Mrs. Jones' coverage to a Medicare supplement policy. That 
policy pays Medicare deductible and coinsurance amounts but does not pay 
for items and services not covered by Medicare, which plan A would have 
covered. That conversion is impermissible because the plan is providing 
a lower level of coverage for Mrs. Jones, who has ESRD, than it provides 
for Mrs. Smith, who does not. In other words, if Plan A pays secondary 
to primary payers other than Medicare, it must provide the same level of 
secondary benefits when Medicare is primary in order to comply with the 
nondifferentiation provision.

[60 FR 45368, Aug. 31, 1995]



Sec. 411.162  Medicare benefits secondary to group health plan benefits.

    (a) General provisions--(1) Basic rule. Except as provided in Sec. 
411.163 (with respect to certain individuals who are also entitled on 
the basis of age or disability), Medicare is secondary to any GHP 
(including a retirement plan), with respect to benefits that are payable 
to an individual who is entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD, for 
services furnished during any coordination period determined in 
accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (No Medicare 
benefits are payable on behalf of an individual who is eligible but not 
yet entitled.)
    (2) Medicare benefits secondary without regard to size of employer 
and beneficiary's employment status. The size of employer and employment 
status requirements of the MSP provisions for the aged and disabled do 
not apply with respect to ESRD beneficiaries.
    (3) COBRA continuation coverage. Medicare is secondary payer for 
benefits that a GHP--
    (i) Is required to keep in effect under COBRA continuation 
requirements (as explained in the footnote to Sec. 411.161(a)(3)), even 
after the individual becomes entitled to Medicare; or
    (ii) Voluntarily keeps in effect after the individual becomes 
entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD, even though not obligated to 
do so under the COBRA provisions.
    (4) Medicare payments during the coordination period. During the 
coordination period, CMS makes Medicare payments as follows:
    (i) Primary payments only for Medicare covered services that are--
    (A) Furnished to Medicare beneficiaries who have declined to enroll 
in the GHP;
    (B) Not covered under the plan; \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ CMS does not pay if noncoverage of services constitutes 
differentiation as prohibited by Sec. 411.161(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (C) Covered under the plan but not available to particular enrollees 
because they have exhausted their benefits; or
    (D) Furnished to individuals whose COBRA continuation coverage has 
been terminated because of the individual's Medicare entitlement.
    (ii) Secondary payments, within the limits specified in Sec. Sec. 
411.32 and 411.33, to supplement the amount paid by the GHP if that plan 
pays only a portion of the charge for the services.
    (b) Beginning of coordination period. (1) For individuals who start 
a course

[[Page 410]]

of maintenance dialysis or who receive a kidney transplant before 
December 1989, the coordination period begins with the earlier of--
    (i) The month in which the individual initiated a regular course of 
renal dialysis; or
    (ii) In the case of an individual who received a kidney transplant, 
the first month in which the individual became entitled to Medicare, or, 
if earlier, the first month for which the individual would have been 
entitled to Medicare benefits if he or she had filed an application for 
such benefits.
    (2) For individuals other than those specified in paragraph (b)(1) 
of this section, the coordination period begins with the earlier of--
    (i) The first month in which the individual becomes entitled to 
Medicare part A on the basis of ESRD; or
    (ii) The first month the individual would have become entitled to 
Medicare part A on the basis of ESRD if he or she had filed an 
application for such benefits.
    (c) End of coordination period. (1) For individuals who start a 
regular course of renal dialysis or who receive a kidney transplant 
before December 1989, the coordination period ends with the earlier of 
the end of the 12th month of dialysis or the end of the 12th month of a 
transplant. The 12th month of dialysis may be any time from the 9th 
month through the 12th month of Medicare entitlement, depending on the 
extent to which the individual was subject to a waiting period before 
becoming entitled to Medicare.
    (2) The coordination period for the following individuals ends with 
the earlier of the 12th month of eligibility or the 12th month of 
entitlement to Medicare part A:
    (i) Individuals, other than those specified in paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section, who became entitled to Medicare part A solely on the basis 
of ESRD during December 1989 and January 1990.
    (ii) Individuals, other than those specified in paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section, who could have become entitled to Medicare Part A solely 
on the basis of ESRD during December 1989 and January 1990 if they had 
filed an application.
    (iii) Individuals who become entitled to Medicare part A on the 
basis of ESRD after September 1997.
    (iv) Individuals who can become entitled to Medicare part A on the 
basis of ESRD after September 1997.
    (3) The coordination period for the following individuals ends with 
the earlier of the end of the 18th month of eligibility or the 18th 
month of entitlement to Medicare part A:
    (i) Individuals, other than those specified in paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section, who become entitled to Medicare part A on the basis of 
ESRD from February 1990 through April 1997.
    (ii) Individuals, other than those specified in paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section, who could become entitled to Medicare part A on the basis 
of ESRD from February 1990 through April 1997 if they would file an 
application.
    (4) The coordination periods for the following individuals ends 
September 30, 1998:
    (i) Individuals who become entitled to Medicare part A on the basis 
of ESRD from May 1997, through September 1997.
    (ii) Individuals who could become entitled to Medicare part A on the 
basis of ESRD from May 1997, through September 1997, if they would file 
an application.
    (d) Examples. Based on the rules specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) 
of this section and the rules specified in Sec. 406.13 of this 
subchapter, the following examples illustrate how to determine, in 
different situations, the number of months during which Medicare is 
secondary payer.
    (1) An individual began dialysis on November 4, 1989. He did not 
initiate a course in self-dialysis training nor did he receive a kidney 
transplant during the first 3 calendar months of dialysis. Thus, he 
became entitled to Medicare on February 1, 1990. Since this individual 
began dialysis before December 1989, the 12-month period began with the 
first month of dialysis, November 1989, and ended October 31, 1990. The 
coordination period in this case is 9 months, February 1990 through 
October 1990.
    (2) An individual began dialysis on January 29, 1990. He did not 
initiate a course in self-dialysis training nor did

[[Page 411]]

he receive a kidney transplant during the first 3 calendar months of 
dialysis. Thus, he became entitled to Medicare on April 1, 1990. Since 
the individual began dialysis after November 1989, and became entitled 
to Medicare after January 1990, the coordination period began with the 
first month of entitlement, April 1990, and ended September 30, 1991, 
the end of the 18th month of entitlement.
    (3) An individual began a regular course of maintenance dialysis on 
February 10, 1990. He did not initiate a course of self-dialysis 
training nor did he receive a kidney transplant during the first 3 
calendar months of dialysis. Thus, he became entitled to Medicare on May 
1, 1990. Medicare is secondary payer from May 1, 1990 through October 
1991, a total of 18 months.
    (4) The same facts exist as in the example under paragraph (d)(3), 
except that the individual began a course of self-dialysis training 
during the first 3 calendar months of dialysis. Thus, the effective date 
of his Medicare entitlement is February 1, 1990, and Medicare is 
secondary payer from February 1, 1990 through July 1991, a total of 18 
months.
    (5) An individual began dialysis on September 15, 1990. He did not 
initiate a course of self-dialysis training nor did he receive a kidney 
transplant during the first 3 calendar months of dialysis. Thus, he 
became entitled to Medicare effective December 1, 1990. Medicare is 
secondary payer from December 1, 1990 through May 1992, a total of 18 
months.
    (6) An individual began dialysis on November 17, 1990. He initiates 
a course of self-dialysis training in January 1991, and thus becomes 
entitled to Medicare effective November 1, 1990. Medicare is secondary 
payer from November 1, 1990, through April 1992, a total of 18 months.
    (7) An individual began a regular course of dialysis on December 10, 
1990. He does not initiate a course of self-dialysis training nor does 
he receive a kidney transplant. He decides to delay his enrollment in 
Medicare because his employer group health plan pays charges in full and 
he does not wish to incur part B premiums at this time. However, in 
March 1992, he files for part A and part B Medicare entitlement, and 
stipulates that he wants his Medicare entitlement to be effective March 
1, 1992 (one year later than he could have become entitled). Since this 
individual could have been entitled to Medicare as early as March 1, 
1991, Medicare is secondary payer only from March 1, 1992, through 
August 1992, a period of 6 months.

(While Medicare is secondary payer for only the last 6 months of this 
period, the Medicare program is effectively secondary payer for the full 
coordination period, due to the fact that the individual delayed his 
Medicare enrollment on account of his employer plan coverage and 
Medicare made no payments at all during the deferred period.)
    (8) The same facts exist as in the example under paragraph (d)(7) of 
this section, except that the individual defers Medicare entitlement 
beyond August 1992. (For purposes of this example, Medicare entitlement 
is not retroactive, but rather takes effect after August 1992.) There 
would be no period during which Medicare is secondary payer in this 
situation. This is because Medicare entitlement does not begin until 
after the 18-month period expires as specified in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) 
of this section. Medicare would become primary payer as of the effective 
date of Medicare entitlement. The employer plan is required to pay 
primary from December 1, 1990, through August 1992, a total of 21 
months.
    (9) An individual becomes entitled to Medicare on December 1, 1997. 
The employer plan is primary payer, and Medicare is secondary payer, 
from December 1, 1997, through November 30, 1998, a period of 12 months. 
Medicare becomes primary payer on December 1, 1998, because the 
extension of the coordination period from 12 to 18 months applies only 
to items and services furnished before October 1, 1998.
    (10) An individual becomes entitled to Medicare on August 1, 1997. 
Medicare is secondary payer from August 1, 1997, through September 30, 
1998, a period of 14 months. Medicare becomes primary payer on October 
1, 1998, because the coordination period has expired.
    (e) [Reserved]

[[Page 412]]

    (f) Determinations for subsequent periods of ESRD eligibility. If an 
individual has more than one period of eligibility based on ESRD, a 
coordination period will be determined for each period of eligibility in 
accordance with this section.

[57 FR 36015, Aug. 12, 1992; 57 FR 45113, Sept. 30, 1992. Redesignated 
and amended at 60 FR 45362, 45368, Aug. 31, 1995]



Sec. 411.163  Coordination of benefits: Dual entitlement situations.

    (a) Basic rule. Coordination of benefits is governed by this section 
if an individual is eligible for or entitled to Medicare on the basis of 
ESRD and also entitled on the basis of age or disability.
    (b) Specific rules. \1\ (1) Coordination period ended before August 
1993. If the first 18 months of ESRD-based eligibility or entitlement 
ended before August 1993, Medicare was primary payer from the first 
month of dual eligibility or entitlement, regardless of when dual 
eligibility or entitlement began.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ A lawsuit was filed in United States District Court for the 
District of Columbia on May 5, 1995 (National Medical Care, Inc. v. 
Shalala, Civil Action No. 95-0860), challenging the implementation of 
one aspect of the OBRA '93 provisions with respect to group health plan 
retirement coverage. The court issued a preliminary injunction order on 
June 6, 1995, which enjoins the Secretary from applying the rule 
contained in Sec. 411.163(b)(4) for items and services furnished 
between August 10, 1993 and April 24, 1995, pending the court's decision 
on the merits. CMS will modify the rules, if required, based on the 
final ruling by the court.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) First month of ESRD-based eligibility or entitlement and first 
month of dual eligibility/entitlement after February 1992 and before 
August 10, 1993. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, 
if the first month of ESRD-based eligibility or entitlement and first 
month of dual eligibility/entitlement were after February 1992 and 
before August 10, 1993, Medicare--
    (i) Is primary payer from the first month of dual eligibility/
entitlement through August 9, 1993;
    (ii) Is secondary payer from August 10, 1993, through the 18th month 
of ESRD-based eligibility or entitlement; and
    (iii) Again becomes primary payer after the 18th month of ESRD-based 
eligibility or entitlement.
    (3) First month of ESRD-based eligibility or entitlement after 
February 1992 and first month of dual eligibility/entitlement after 
August 9, 1993. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, 
if the first month of ESRD-based eligibility or entitlement is after 
February 1992, and the first month of dual eligibility/entitlement is 
after August 9, 1993, the rules of Sec. 411.162(b) and (c) apply; that 
is, Medicare--
    (i) Is secondary payer during the first 18 months of ESRD-based 
eligibility or entitlement; and
    (ii) Becomes primary after the 18th month of ESRD-based eligibility 
or entitlement.
    (4) Medicare continues to be primary after an aged or disabled 
beneficiary becomes eligible on the basis of ESRD. (i) Applicability of 
the rule. Medicare remains the primary payer when an individual becomes 
eligible for Medicare based on ESRD if all of the following conditions 
are met:
    (A) The individual is already entitled on the basis of age or 
disability when he or she becomes eligible on the basis of ESRD.
    (B) The MSP prohibition against ``taking into account'' age-based or 
disability-based entitlement does not apply because plan coverage was 
not ``by virtue of current employment status'' or the employer had fewer 
than 20 employees (in the case of the aged) or fewer than 100 employees 
(in the case of the disabled).
    (C) The plan is paying secondary to Medicare because the plan had 
justifiably taken into account the age-based or disability-based 
entitlement.
    (ii) Effect of the rule. The plan may continue to pay benefits 
secondary to Medicare under paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section. 
However, the plan may not differentiate in the services covered and the 
payments made between persons who have ESRD and those who do not.
    (c) Examples. (1) (Rule (b)(1).) Mr. A, who is covered by a GHP, 
became entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD in January 1992. On 
December 20, 1992, Mr. A attained age 65 and became entitled on the 
basis of age. Since prior law

[[Page 413]]

was still in effect (OBRA '93 amendment was effective in August 1993), 
Medicare became primary payer as of December 1992, when dual entitlement 
began.
    (2) (Rule (b)(2).) Miss B, who has GHP coverage, became entitled to 
Medicare on the basis of ESRD in July 1992, and also entitled on the 
basis of disability in June 1993. Medicare was primary payer from June 
1993 through August 9, 1993, because the plan permissibly took into 
account the ESRD-based entitlement (ESRD was not the ``sole'' basis of 
Medicare entitlement); secondary payer from August 10, 1993, through 
December 1993, the 18th month of ESRD-based entitlement (the plan is no 
longer permitted to take into account ESRD-based entitlement that is not 
the ``sole'' basis of Medicare entitlement); and again became primary 
payer beginning January 1994.
    (3) (Rule (b)(3).) Mr. C, who is 67 years old and entitled to 
Medicare on the basis of age, has GHP coverage by virtue of current 
employment status. Mr. C is diagnosed as having ESRD and begins a course 
of maintenance dialysis on June 27, 1993. Effective September 1, 1993, 
Mr. C. is eligible for Medicare on the basis of ESRD. Medicare, which 
was secondary because Mr. C's GHP coverage was by virtue of current 
employment, continues to be secondary payer through February 1995, the 
18th month of ESRD-based eligibility, and becomes primary payer 
beginning March 1995.
    (4) (Rule (b)(3).) Mr. D retired at age 62 and maintained GHP 
coverage as a retiree. In January 1994, at the age of 64, Mr. D became 
entitled to Medicare based on ESRD. Seven months into the 18-month 
coordination period (July 1994) Mr. D turned age 65. The coordination 
period continues without regard to age-based entitlement, with the 
retirement plan continuing to pay primary benefits through June 1995, 
the 18th month of ESRD-based entitlement. Thereafter, Medicare becomes 
the primary payer.
    (5) (Rule (b)(3).) Mrs. E retired at age 62 and maintained GHP 
coverage as a retiree. In July 1994, she simultaneously became eligible 
for Medicare based on ESRD (maintenance dialysis began in April 1994) 
and entitled based on age. The retirement plan must pay benefits primary 
to Medicare from July 1994 through December 1995, the first 18 months of 
ESRD-based eligibility. Thereafter, Medicare becomes the primary payer.
    (6) (Rule (b)(3).) Mr. F, who is 67 years of age, is working and has 
GHP coverage because of his employment status, subsequently develops 
ESRD, and begins a course of maintenance dialysis in October 1994. He 
becomes eligible for Medicare based on ESRD effective January 1, 1995. 
Under the working aged provision, the plan continues to pay primary to 
Medicare through December 1994. On January 1, 1995, the working aged 
provision ceases to apply and the ESRD MSP provision takes effect. In 
September 1995, Mr. F retires. The GHP must ignore Mr. F's retirement 
status and continue to pay primary to Medicare through June 1996, the 
end of the 18-month coordination period.
    (7) (Rule (b)(4).) Mrs. G, who is 67 years of age, is retired. She 
has GHP retirement coverage through her former employer. Her plan 
permissibly took into account her age-based Medicare entitlement when 
she retired and is paying benefits secondary to Medicare. Mrs. G 
subsequently develops ESRD and begins a course of maintenance dialysis 
in October 1995. She automatically becomes eligible for Medicare based 
on ESRD effective January 1, 1996. The plan continues to be secondary on 
the basis of Mrs. G's age-based entitlement as long as the plan does not 
differentiate in the services it provides to Mrs. G and does not do 
anything else that would constitute ``taking into account'' her ESRD-
based eligibility.

[60 FR 45369, Aug. 31, 1995; 60 FR 53876, Oct. 18, 1995]



Sec. 411.165  Basis for conditional Medicare payments.

    (a) General rule. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section, the Medicare intermediary or carrier may make a conditional 
payment if--
    (1) The beneficiary, the provider, or the supplier that has accepted 
assignment files a proper claim under the group health plan and the plan 
denies the claim in whole or in part; or

[[Page 414]]

    (2) The beneficiary, because of physical or mental incapacity, fails 
to file a proper claim.
    (b) Exception. Medicare does not make conditional primary payments 
under either of the following circumstances:
    (1) The claim is denied for one of the following reasons:
    (i) It is alleged that the group health plan is secondary to 
Medicare.
    (ii) The group health plan limits its payments when the individual 
is entitled to Medicare.
    (iii) Failure to file a proper claim if that failure is for any 
reason other than the physical or mental incapacity of the beneficiary.
    (2) The group health plan fails to furnish information requested by 
CMS and necessary to determine whether the employer plan is primary to 
Medicare.

[57 FR 36015, Aug. 12, 1992. Redesignated and amended at 60 FR 45362, 
45370, Aug. 31, 1995; 60 FR 53877, Oct. 18, 1995]



  Subpart G_Special Rules: Aged Beneficiaries and Spouses Who Are Also 
                    Covered Under Group Health Plans



Sec. 411.170  General provisions.

    (a) Basis. (1) This subpart is based on certain provisions of 
section 1862(b) of the Act, which impose specific requirements and 
limitations with respect to--
    (i) Individuals who are entitled to Medicare on the basis of age; 
and
    (ii) GHPs of at least one employer of 20 or more employees that 
cover those individuals.
    (2) Under these provisions, the following rules apply:
    (i) An employer is considered to employ 20 or more employees if the 
employer has 20 or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or 
more calendar weeks in the current calendar year or the preceding 
calendar year.
    (ii) The plan may not take into account the Medicare entitlement 
of--
    (A) An individual age 65 or older who is covered or seeks to be 
covered under the plan by virtue of current employment status; or
    (B) The spouse, including divorced or common-law spouse age 65 or 
older of an individual (of any age) who is covered or seeks to be 
covered by virtue of current employment status. (Section 411.108 gives 
examples of actions that constitute ``taking into account.'')
    (iii) Regardless of whether entitled to Medicare, employees and 
spouses age 65 or older, including divorced or common-law spouses of 
employees of any age, are entitled to the same plan benefits under the 
same conditions as employees and spouses under age 65.
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c) Determination of ``aged''. (1) An individual attains a 
particular age on the day preceding the anniversary of his or her birth.
    (2) The period during which an individual is considered to be 
``aged'' begins on the first day of the month in which that individual 
attains age 65.
    (3) For services furnished before May 1986, the period during which 
an individual is considered ``aged'' ends as follows:
    (i) For services furnished before July 18, 1984, it ends on the last 
day of the month in which the individual attains age 70.
    (ii) For services furnished between July 18, 1984 and April 30, 
1986, it ends on the last day of the month before the month the 
individual attains age 70.
    (4) For services furnished on or after May 1, 1986, the period has 
no upper age limit.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989. Redesignated and amended at 60 FR 45362, 
45370, Aug. 31, 1995]



Sec. 411.172  Medicare benefits secondary to group health plan benefits.

    (a) Conditions that the individual must meet. Medicare Part A and 
Part B benefits are secondary to benefits payable by a GHP for services 
furnished during any month in which the individual--
    (1) Is aged;
    (2) Is entitled to Medicare Part A benefits under Sec. 406.10 of 
this chapter; and
    (3) Meets one of the following conditions:
    (i) Is covered under a GHP of an employer that has at least 20 
employees (including a multi-employer plan in which at least one of the 
participating employers meets that condition), and coverage under the 
plan is by virtue of

[[Page 415]]

the individual's current employment status.
    (ii) Is the aged spouse (including a divorced or common-law spouse) 
of an individual (of any age) who is covered under a GHP described in 
paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section by virtue of the individual's 
current employment status.
    (b) Special rule for multi-employer plans. The requirements and 
limitations of paragraph (a) of this section and of (a)(2)(iii) of Sec. 
411.170 do not apply with respect to individuals enrolled in a multi-
employer plan if--
    (1) The individuals are covered by virtue of current employment 
status with an employer that has fewer than 20 employees; and
    (2) The plan requests an exception and identifies the individuals 
for whom it requests the exception as meeting the conditions specified 
in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (c) Refusal to accept group health plan coverage. An employee or 
spouse may refuse the health plan offered by the employer. If the 
employee or spouse refuses the plan--
    (1) Medicare is primary payer for that individual; and
    (2) The plan may not offer that individual coverage complementary to 
Medicare.
    (d) Reemployed retiree or annuitant. A reemployed retiree or 
annuitant who is covered by a GHP and who performs sufficient services 
to qualify for coverage on that basis (that is, other employees in the 
same category are provided health benefits) is considered covered ``by 
reason of current employment status'' even if:
    (1) The employer provides the same GHP coverage to retirees; or
    (2) The premiums for the plan are paid from a retirement or pension 
fund.
    (e) Secondary payments. Medicare pays secondary benefits, within the 
limitations specified in Sec. Sec. 411.32 and 411.33, to supplement the 
primary benefits paid by the group health plan if that plan pays only a 
portion of the charge for the services.
    (f) Disabled aged individuals who are considered employed. (1) For 
services furnished on or after November 12, 1985, and before July 17, 
1987, a disabled, nonworking individual age 65 or older was considered 
employed if he or she--
    (i) Was receiving, from an employer, disability payments that were 
subject to tax under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA); and
    (ii) For the month before the month of attainment of age 65, was not 
entitled to disability benefits under title II of the Act and 20 CFR 
404.315 of the SSA regulations.
    (2) For services furnished on or after July 17, 1987, an individual 
is considered employed if he or she receives, from an employer, 
disability benefits that are subject to tax under FICA, even if he or 
she was entitled to Social Security disability benefits before attaining 
age 65.
    (g) Individuals entitled to Medicare on the basis of age who are 
also eligible for or entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD. If an 
aged individual is, or could upon filing an application become, entitled 
to Medicare on the basis of ESRD, the coordination of benefits rules of 
subpart F of this part apply.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 1820, Jan. 19, 1990. 
Redesignated and amended at 60 FR 45362, 45370, Aug. 31, 1995; 60 FR 
53877, Oct. 18, 1995]



Sec. 411.175  Basis for Medicare primary payments.

    (a) General rule. CMS makes Medicare primary payments for covered 
services that are--
    (1) Furnished to Medicare beneficiaries who have declined to enroll 
in the GHP;
    (2) Not covered by the plan for any individuals or spouses who are 
enrolled by virtue of the individual's current employment status;
    (3) Covered under the plan but not available to particular 
individuals or spouses enrolled by virtue of current employment status 
because they have exhausted their benefits under the plan;
    (4) Furnished to individuals whose COBRA continuation coverage has 
been terminated because of the individual's Medicare entitlement; or
    (5) Covered under COBRA continuation coverage notwithstanding the 
individual's Medicare entitlement.

[[Page 416]]

    (b) Conditional Medicare payments: Basic rule. Except as provided in 
paragraph (c) of this section, Medicare may make a conditional primary 
payment if--
    (1) The beneficiary, the provider, or the supplier that has accepted 
assignment has filed a proper claim under the group health plan and the 
plan has denied the claim in whole or in part; or
    (2) The beneficiary, because of physical or mental incapacity, 
failed to file proper claim.
    (c) Conditional primary payments: Exception. Medicare does not make 
conditional primary payments under either of the following 
circumstances:
    (1) The claim is denied for one of the following reasons:
    (i) It is alleged that the group health plan is secondary to 
Medicare.
    (ii) The plan limits its payments when the individual is entitled to 
Medicare.
    (iii) The plan covers the services for individuals or spouses who 
are enrolled in the plan by virtue of current employment status and are 
under age 65 but not for individuals and spouses who are enrolled on the 
same basis but are age 65 or older.
    (iv) Failure to file a proper claim if that failure is for any 
reason other than physical or mental incapacity of the beneficiary.
    (2) The group health plan fails to furnish information requested by 
CMS and necessary to determine whether the employer plan is primary to 
Medicare.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989. Redesignated and amended at 60 FR 45362, 
45371, Aug. 31, 1995]



  Subpart H_Special Rules: Disabled Beneficiaries Who Are Also Covered 
                     Under Large Group Health Plans

    Source: 60 FR 45371, Aug. 31, 1995, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 411.200  Basis.

    (a) This subpart is based on certain provisions of section 1862(b) 
of the Act, which impose specific requirements and limitations with 
respect to--
    (1) Individuals who are entitled to Medicare on the basis of 
disability; and
    (2) Large group health plans (LGHPs) that cover those individuals.
    (b) Under these provisions, the LGHP may not take into account the 
Medicare entitlement of a disabled individual who is covered (or seeks 
to be covered) under the plan by virtue of his or her own current 
employment status or that of a member of his or her family. (Sec. 
411.108 gives examples of actions that constitute taking into account.)



Sec. 411.201  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart--
    Entitled to Medicare on the basis of disability means entitled or 
deemed entitled on the basis of entitlement to social security 
disability benefits or railroad retirement disability benefits. (Sec. 
406.12 of this chapter explains the requirements an individual must meet 
in order to be entitled or deemed to be entitled to Medicare on the 
basis of disability.)
    Family member means a person who is enrolled in an LGHP based on 
another person's enrollment; for example, the enrollment of the named 
insured individual. Family members may include a spouse (including a 
divorced or common-law spouse), a natural, adopted, foster, or 
stepchild, a parent, or a sibling.



Sec. 411.204  Medicare benefits secondary to LGHP benefits.

    (a) Medicare benefits are secondary to benefits payable by an LGHP 
for services furnished during any month in which the individual--
    (1) Is entitled to Medicare Part A benefits under Sec. 406.12 of 
this chapter;
    (2) Is covered under an LGHP; and
    (3) Has LGHP coverage by virtue of his or her own or a family 
member's current employment status.
    (b) Individuals entitled to Medicare on the basis of disability who 
are also eligible for, or entitled to, Medicare on the basis of ESRD. If 
a disabled individual is, or could upon filing an application become, 
entitled to Medicare on the basis of ESRD, the coordination of benefits 
rules of subpart F of this part apply.

[[Page 417]]



Sec. 411.206  Basis for Medicare primary payments and limits on secondary 
payments.

    (a) General rule. CMS makes Medicare primary payments for services 
furnished to disabled beneficiaries covered under the LGHP by virtue of 
their own or a family member's current employment status if the services 
are--
    (1) Furnished to Medicare beneficiaries who have declined to enroll 
in the GHP;
    (2) Not covered under the plan for the disabled individual or 
similarly situated individuals;
    (3) Covered under the plan but not available to particular disabled 
individuals because they have exhausted their benefits under the plan;
    (4) Furnished to individuals whose COBRA continuation coverage has 
been terminated because of the individual's Medicare entitlement; or
    (5) Covered under COBRA continuation coverage notwithstanding the 
individual's Medicare entitlement.
    (b) Conditional primary payments: Basic rule. Except as provided in 
paragraph (c) of this section, CMS may make a conditional Medicare 
primary payment for any of the following reasons:
    (1) The beneficiary, the provider, or the supplier that has accepted 
assignment has filed a proper claim with the LGHP and the LGHP has 
denied the claim in whole or in part.
    (2) The beneficiary, because of physical or mental incapacity, 
failed to file a proper claim.
    (c) Conditional primary payments: Exceptions. CMS does not make 
conditional Medicare primary payments if--
    (1) The LGHP denies the claim in whole or in part for one of the 
following reasons:
    (i) It is alleged that the LGHP is secondary to Medicare.
    (ii) The LGHP limits its payments when the individual is entitled to 
Medicare.
    (iii) The LGHP does not provide the benefits to individuals who are 
entitled to Medicare on the basis of disability and covered under the 
plan by virtue of current employment status but does provide the 
benefits to other similarly situated individuals enrolled in the plan.
    (iv) The LGHP takes into account entitlement to Medicare in any 
other way.
    (v) There was failure to file a proper claim for any reason other 
than physical or mental incapacity of the beneficiary.
    (2) The LGHP, an employer or employee organization, or the 
beneficiary fails to furnish information that is requested by CMS and 
that is necessary to determine whether the LGHP is primary to Medicare.
    (d) Limit on secondary payments. The provisions of Sec. 411.172(e) 
also apply to services furnished to the disabled under this subpart.

Subpart I [Reserved]



   Subpart J_Financial Relationships Between Physicians and Entities 
                  Furnishing Designated Health Services

    Source: 69 FR 16126, March 26, 2004, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 411.350  Scope of subpart.

    (a) This subpart implements section 1877 of the Act, which generally 
prohibits a physician from making a referral under Medicare for 
designated health services to an entity with which the physician or a 
member of the physician's immediate family has a financial relationship.
    (b) This subpart does not provide for exceptions or immunity from 
civil or criminal prosecution or other sanctions applicable under any 
State laws or under Federal law other than section 1877 of the Act. For 
example, although a particular arrangement involving a physician's 
financial relationship with an entity may not prohibit the physician 
from making referrals to the entity under this subpart, the arrangement 
may nevertheless violate another provision of the Act or other laws 
administered by HHS, the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and 
Exchange Commission, the Internal Revenue Service, or any other Federal 
or State agency.

[[Page 418]]

    (c) This subpart requires, with some exceptions, that certain 
entities furnishing covered services under Medicare Part A or Part B 
report information concerning ownership, investment, or compensation 
arrangements in the form, in the manner, and at the times specified by 
CMS.



Sec. 411.351  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart, unless the context indicates otherwise:
    Centralized building means all or part of a building, including, for 
purposes of this subpart only, a mobile vehicle, van, or trailer that is 
owned or leased on a full-time basis (that is, 24 hours per day, 7 days 
per week, for a term of not less than 6 months) by a group practice and 
that is used exclusively by the group practice. Space in a building or a 
mobile vehicle, van, or trailer that is shared by more than one group 
practice, by a group practice and one or more solo practitioners, or by 
a group practice and another provider or supplier (for example, a 
diagnostic imaging facility) is not a centralized building for purposes 
of this subpart. This provision does not preclude a group practice from 
providing services to other providers or suppliers (for example, 
purchased diagnostic tests) in the group practice's centralized 
building. A group practice may have more than one centralized building.
    Clinical laboratory services means the biological, microbiological, 
serological, chemical, immunohematological, hematological, biophysical, 
cytological, pathological, or other examination of materials derived 
from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the 
diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or 
the assessment of the health of, human beings, including procedures to 
determine, measure, or otherwise describe the presence or absence of 
various substances or organisms in the body, as specifically identified 
by the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes. All services so identified on the List 
of CPT/HCPCS Codes are clinical laboratory services for purposes of this 
subpart. Any service not specifically identified as a clinical 
laboratory service on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes is not a clinical 
laboratory service for purposes of this subpart.
    Consultation means a professional service furnished to a patient by 
a physician if the following conditions are satisfied:
    (1) The physician's opinion or advice regarding evaluation and/or 
management of a specific medical problem is requested by another 
physician.
    (2) The request and need for the consultation are documented in the 
patient's medical record.
    (3) After the consultation is provided, the physician prepares a 
written report of his or her findings, which is provided to the 
physician who requested the consultation.
    (4) With respect to radiation therapy services provided by a 
radiation oncologist, a course of radiation treatments over a period of 
time will be considered to be pursuant to a consultation, provided the 
radiation oncologist communicates with the referring physician on a 
regular basis about the patient's course of treatment and progress.
    Designated health services (DHS) means any of the following services 
(other than those provided as emergency physician services furnished 
outside of the U.S.), as they are defined in this section:
    (1) Clinical laboratory services.
    (2) Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language 
pathology services.
    (3) Radiology and certain other imaging services.
    (4) Radiation therapy services and supplies.
    (5) Durable medical equipment and supplies.
    (6) Parenteral and enteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies.
    (7) Prosthetics, orthotics, and prosthetic devices and supplies.
    (8) Home health services.
    (9) Outpatient prescription drugs.
    (10) Inpatient and outpatient hospital services.
    Except as otherwise noted in this subpart, the term ``designated 
health services'' or DHS means only DHS payable, in whole or in part, by 
Medicare. DHS do not include services that are reimbursed by Medicare as 
part of a

[[Page 419]]

composite rate (for example, ambulatory surgical center services or SNF 
Part A payments), except to the extent the services listed in paragraphs 
(1) through (10) of this definition are themselves payable through a 
composite rate (for example, all services provided as home health 
services or inpatient and outpatient hospital services are DHS).
    Does not violate the anti-kickback statute, as used in this subpart 
only, means that the particular arrangement--
    (1) Meets a safe harbor under the anti-kickback statute in Sec. 
1001.952 of this title, ``Exceptions'';
    (2) Has been specifically approved by the OIG in a favorable 
advisory opinion issued to a party to the particular arrangement (e.g., 
the entity furnishing DHS) with respect to the particular arrangement 
(and not a similar arrangement), provided that the arrangement is 
conducted in accordance with the facts certified by the requesting party 
and the opinion is otherwise issued in accordance with part 1008 of this 
title, ``Advisory Opinions by the OIG''; or
    (3) Does not violate the anti-kickback provisions in section 
1128B(b) of the Act.
    A favorable advisory opinion for purposes of this definition means 
an opinion in which the OIG opines that--
    (1) The party's specific arrangement does not implicate the anti-
kickback statute, does not constitute prohibited remuneration, or fits 
in a safe harbor under Sec. 1001.952 of this title; or
    (2) The party will not be subject to any OIG sanctions arising under 
the anti-kickback statute (for example, under sections 1128(a)(7) and 
1128a(b)(7) of the Act) in connection with the party's specific 
arrangement.
    Durable medical equipment (DME) and supplies has the meaning given 
in section 1861(n) of the Act and Sec. 414.202 of this chapter.
    Employee means any individual who, under the common law rules that 
apply in determining the employer-employee relationship (as applied for 
purposes of section 3121(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), is 
considered to be employed by, or an employee of, an entity. (Application 
of these common law rules is discussed in 20 CFR 404.1007 and 26 CFR 
31.3121(d)-1(c).)
    Entity means--
    (1) A physician's sole practice or a practice of multiple physicians 
or any other person, sole proprietorship, public or private agency or 
trust, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, foundation, 
not-for-profit corporation, or unincorporated association that furnishes 
DHS. An entity does not include the referring physician himself or 
herself, but does include his or her medical practice. A person or 
entity is considered to be furnishing DHS if it-
    (i) Is the person or entity to which CMS makes payment for the DHS, 
directly or upon assignment on the patient's behalf; or
    (ii) Is the person or entity to which the right to payment for the 
DHS has been reassigned pursuant to Sec. 424.80(b)(1) (employer), 
(b)(2) (facility), or (b)(3) (health care delivery system) of this 
chapter (other than a health care delivery system that is a health plan 
(as defined in Sec. 1001.952(l) of this title), and other than any 
managed care organization (MCO), provider-sponsored organization (PSO), 
or independent practice association (IPA) with which a health plan 
contracts for services provided to plan enrollees).
    (2) A health plan, MCO, PSO, or IPA that employs a supplier or 
operates a facility that could accept reassignment from a supplier 
pursuant to Sec. 424.80(b)(1) and (b)(2) of this chapter, with respect 
to any designated health services provided by that supplier.
    (3) For purposes of this subpart, ``entity'' does not include a 
physician's practice when it bills Medicare for a diagnostic test in 
accordance with Sec. 414.50 of this chapter (Physician billing for 
purchased diagnostic tests) and section 3060.4 of the Medicare Carriers 
Manual (Purchased diagnostic tests), as amended or replaced from time to 
time.
    Fair market value means the value in arm's-length transactions, 
consistent with the general market value. ``General market value'' means 
the price that an asset would bring as the result of bona fide 
bargaining between well-informed buyers and sellers who are not 
otherwise in a position to generate business for the other party, or the 
compensation that would be included in a service agreement as the result 
of

[[Page 420]]

bona fide bargaining between well-informed parties to the agreement who 
are not otherwise in a position to generate business for the other 
party, on the date of acquisition of the asset or at the time of the 
service agreement. Usually, the fair market price is the price at which 
bona fide sales have been consummated for assets of like type, quality, 
and quantity in a particular market at the time of acquisition, or the 
compensation that has been included in bona fide service agreements with 
comparable terms at the time of the agreement, where the price or 
compensation has not been determined in any manner that takes into 
account the volume or value of anticipated or actual referrals. With 
respect to rentals and leases described in Sec. 411.357(a), (b), and 
(l) (as to equipment leases only), ``fair market value'' means the value 
of rental property for general commercial purposes (not taking into 
account its intended use). In the case of a lease of space, this value 
may not be adjusted to reflect the additional value the prospective 
lessee or lessor would attribute to the proximity or convenience to the 
lessor when the lessor is a potential source of patient referrals to the 
lessee. For purposes of this definition, a rental payment does not take 
into account intended use if it takes into account costs incurred by the 
lessor in developing or upgrading the property or maintaining the 
property or its improvements.
    An hourly payment for a physician's personal services (that is, 
services performed by the physician personally and not by employees, 
contractors, or others) shall be considered to be fair market value if 
the hourly payment is established using either of the following two 
methodologies:
    (1) The hourly rate is less than or equal to the average hourly rate 
for emergency room physician services in the relevant physician market, 
provided there are at least three hospitals providing emergency room 
services in the market.
    (2) The hourly rate is determined by averaging the 50th percentile 
national compensation level for physicians with the same physician 
specialty (or, if the specialty is not identified in the survey, for 
general practice) in at least four of the following surveys and dividing 
by 2,000 hours. The surveys are:
     Sullivan, Cotter & Associates, Inc.--Physician 
Compensation and Productivity Survey
     Hay Group--Physicians Compensation Survey
     Hospital and Healthcare Compensation Services--
Physician Salary Survey Report
     Medical Group Management Association--Physician 
Compensation and Productivity Survey
     ECS Watson Wyatt--Hospital and Health Care 
Management Compensation Report
     William M. Mercer--Integrated Health Networks 
Compensation Survey
    Home health services means the services described in section 1861(m) 
of the Act and part 409, subpart E of this chapter.
    Hospital means any entity that qualifies as a ``hospital'' under 
section 1861(e) of the Act, as a ``psychiatric hospital'' under section 
1861(f) of the Act, or as a ``critical access hospital'' under section 
1861(mm)(1) of the Act, and refers to any separate legally organized 
operating entity plus any subsidiary, related entity, or other entities 
that perform services for the hospital's patients and for which the 
hospital bills. However, a ``hospital'' does not include entities that 
perform services for hospital patients ``under arrangements'' with the 
hospital.
    HPSA means, for purposes of this subpart, an area designated as a 
health professional shortage area under section 332(a)(1)(A) of the 
Public Health Service Act for primary medical care professionals (in 
accordance with the criteria specified in part 5 of this title).
    Immediate family member or member of a physician's immediate family 
means husband or wife; birth or adoptive parent, child, or sibling; 
stepparent, stepchild, stepbrother, or stepsister; father-in-law, 
mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-
in-law; grandparent or grandchild; and spouse of a grandparent or 
grandchild.
    ``Incident to'' services means those services that meet the 
requirements of section 1861(s)(2)(A) of the Act, 42 CFR Sec. 410.26, 
and section 2050 of the Medicare Carriers (CMS Pub. 14-3), Part 3--

[[Page 421]]

Claims Process, as amended or replaced from time to time.
    Inpatient hospital services means those services defined in section 
1861(b) of the Act and Sec. 409.10(a) and (b) of this chapter and 
include inpatient psychiatric hospital services listed in section 
1861(c) of the Act and inpatient critical access hospital services, as 
defined in section 1861(mm)(2) of the Act. ``Inpatient hospital 
services'' do not include emergency inpatient services provided by a 
hospital located outside of the U.S. and covered under the authority in 
section 1814(f)(2) of the Act and part 424, subpart H of this chapter, 
or emergency inpatient services provided by a nonparticipating hospital 
within the U.S., as authorized by section 1814(d) of the Act and 
described in part 424, subpart G of this chapter. ``Inpatient hospital 
services'' also do not include dialysis furnished by a hospital that is 
not certified to provide end-stage renal dialysis (ESRD) services under 
subpart U of part 405 of this chapter. ``Inpatient hospital services'' 
include services that are furnished either by the hospital directly or 
under arrangements made by the hospital with others. ``Inpatient 
hospital services'' do not include professional services performed by 
physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse 
specialists, certified nurse midwives, and certified registered nurse 
anesthetists and qualified psychologists if Medicare reimburses the 
services independently and not as part of the inpatient hospital service 
(even if they are billed by a hospital under an assignment or 
reassignment).
    Laboratory means an entity furnishing biological, microbiological, 
serological, chemical, immunohematological, hematological, biophysical, 
cytological, pathological, or other examination of materials derived 
from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the 
diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or 
the assessment of the health of, human beings. These examinations also 
include procedures to determine, measure, or otherwise describe the 
presence or absence of various substances or organisms in the body. 
Entities only collecting or preparing specimens (or both) or only 
serving as a mailing service and not performing testing are not 
considered laboratories.
    List of CPT/HCPCS Codes means the list of CPT and HCPCS codes that 
identifies those items and services that are designated health services 
under section 1877 of the Act or that may qualify for certain exceptions 
under section 1877 of the Act. It is updated annually, as published in 
the Federal Register, and is posted on the CMS Web site at http://
www.cms.gov/medlearn/refphys.asp.
    Locum tenens physician means a physician who substitutes (that is, 
``stands in the shoes'') in exigent circumstances for a physician, in 
accordance with applicable reassignment rules and regulations, including 
section 3060.7 of the Medicare Carriers Manual (CMS Pub. 14-3), Part 3--
Claims Process, as amended or replaced from time to time.
    Member of the group or member of a group practice means, for 
purposes of this subpart, a direct or indirect physician owner of a 
group practice (including a physician whose interest is held by his or 
her individual professional corporation or by another entity), a 
physician employee of the group practice (including a physician employed 
by his or her individual professional corporation that has an equity 
interest in the group practice), a locum tenens physician (as defined in 
this section), or an on-call physician while the physician is providing 
on-call services for members of the group practice. A physician is a 
member of the group during the time he or she furnishes ``patient care 
services'' to the group as defined in this section. An independent 
contractor or a leased employee is not a member of the group (unless the 
leased employee meets the definition of an ``employee'' under this Sec. 
411.351).
    Outpatient hospital services means the therapeutic, diagnostic, and 
partial hospitalization services listed under sections 1861(s)(2)(B) and 
(s)(2)(C) of the Act; outpatient services furnished by a psychiatric 
hospital, as defined in section 1861(f) of the Act; and outpatient 
critical access hospital services, as defined in section 1861(mm)(3) of 
the Act. ``Outpatient hospital services'' do not include emergency 
services furnished

[[Page 422]]

by nonparticipating hospitals and covered under the conditions described 
in section 1835(b) of the Act and subpart G of part 424 of this chapter. 
``Outpatient hospital services'' include services that are furnished 
either by the hospital directly or under arrangements made by the 
hospital with others. ``Outpatient hospital services'' do not include 
professional services performed by physicians, physician assistants, 
nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse 
midwives, certified registered nurse anesthetists, and qualified 
psychologists if Medicare reimburses the services independently and not 
as part of the outpatient hospital service (even if they are billed by a 
hospital under an assignment or reassignment).
    Outpatient prescription drugs mean all drugs covered by Medicare 
Part B or Part D.
    Parenteral and enteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies means the 
following services (including all HCPCS level 2 codes for these 
services):
    (1) Parenteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies, meaning those 
items and supplies needed to provide nutriment to a patient with 
permanent, severe pathology of the alimentary tract that does not allow 
absorption of sufficient nutrients to maintain strength commensurate 
with the patient's general condition, as described in section 65-10 of 
the Medicare Coverage Issues Manual (CMS Pub. 6), as amended or replaced 
from time to time; and
    (2) Enteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies, meaning items and 
supplies needed to provide enteral nutrition to a patient with a 
functioning gastrointestinal tract who, due to pathology to or 
nonfunction of the structures that normally permit food to reach the 
digestive tract, cannot maintain weight and strength commensurate with 
his or her general condition, as described in section 65-10 of the 
Medicare Coverage Issues Manual (CMS Pub. 6), as amended or replaced 
from time to time.
    Patient care services means any task(s) performed by a physician in 
the group practice that address the medical needs of specific patients 
or patients in general, regardless of whether they involve direct 
patient encounters or generally benefit a particular practice. Patient 
care services can include, for example, the services of physicians who 
do not directly treat patients, such as time spent by a physician 
consulting with other physicians or reviewing laboratory tests, or time 
spent training staff members, arranging for equipment, or performing 
administrative or management tasks.
    Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language 
pathology services means those particular services so identified on the 
List of CPT/HCPCS Codes. All services so identified on the List of CPT/
HCPCS Codes are physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-
language pathology services for purposes of this subpart. Any service 
not specifically identified as physical therapy, occupational therapy or 
speech-language pathology on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes is not a 
physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology 
service for purposes of this subpart. The list of codes identifying 
physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology 
services for purposes of this regulation includes the following:
    (1) Physical therapy services, meaning those outpatient physical 
therapy services (including speech-language pathology services) 
described at section 1861(p) of the Act that are covered under Medicare 
Part A or Part B, regardless of who provides them, if the services 
include--
    (i) Assessments, function tests and measurements of strength, 
balance, endurance, range of motion, and activities of daily living;
    (ii) Therapeutic exercises, massage, and use of physical medicine 
modalities, assistive devices, and adaptive equipment;
    (iii) Establishment of a maintenance therapy program for an 
individual whose restoration potential has been reached; however, 
maintenance therapy itself is not covered as part of these services; or
    (iv) Speech-language pathology services that are for the diagnosis 
and treatment of speech, language, and cognitive disorders that include 
swallowing and other oral-motor dysfunctions.

[[Page 423]]

    (2) Occupational therapy services, meaning those services described 
at section 1861(g) of the Act that are covered under Medicare Part A or 
Part B, regardless of who provides them, if the services include--
    (i) Teaching of compensatory techniques to permit an individual with 
a physical or cognitive impairment or limitation to engage in daily 
activities;
    (ii) Evaluation of an individual's level of independent functioning;
    (iii) Selection and teaching of task-oriented therapeutic activities 
to restore sensory-integrative function; or
    (iv) Assessment of an individual's vocational potential, except when 
the assessment is related solely to vocational rehabilitation.
    Physician means a doctor of medicine or osteopathy, a doctor of 
dental surgery or dental medicine, a doctor of podiatric medicine, a 
doctor of optometry, or a chiropractor, as defined in section 1861(r) of 
the Act.
    Physician in the group practice means a member of the group 
practice, as well as an independent contractor physician during the time 
the independent contractor is furnishing patient care services (as 
defined in this section) for the group practice under a contractual 
arrangement with the group practice to provide services to the group 
practice's patients in the group practice's facilities. The contract 
must contain the same restrictions on compensation that apply to members 
of the group practice under Sec. 411.352(g) (or the contract must fit 
in the personal services exception in Sec. 411.357(d)), and the 
independent contractor's arrangement with the group practice must comply 
with the reassignment rules at Sec. 424.80(b)(3) of this chapter (see 
also section 3060.3 of the Medicare Carriers Manual (CMS Pub. 14-3), 
Part 3--Claims Process, as amended or replaced from time to time). 
Referrals from an independent contractor who is a physician in the group 
practice are subject to the prohibition on referrals in Sec. 
411.353(a), and the group practice is subject to the limitation on 
billing for those referrals in Sec. 411.353(b).
    Physician incentive plan means any compensation arrangement between 
an entity (or downstream subcontractor) and a physician or physician 
group that may directly or indirectly have the effect of reducing or 
limiting services furnished with respect to individuals enrolled with 
the entity.
    Plan of care means the establishment by a physician of a course of 
diagnosis or treatment (or both) for a particular patient, including the 
ordering of services.
    Professional courtesy means the provision of free or discounted 
health care items or services to a physician or his or her immediate 
family members or office staff.
    Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Prosthetic Devices and Supplies means 
the following services (including all HCPCS level 2 codes for these 
items and services that are covered by Medicare):
    (1) Orthotics, meaning leg, arm, back, and neck braces, as listed in 
section 1861(s)(9) of the Act.
    (2) Prosthetics, meaning artificial legs, arms, and eyes, as 
described in section 1861(s)(9) of the Act.
    (3) Prosthetic devices, meaning devices (other than a dental device) 
listed in section 1861(s)(8) of the Act that replace all or part of an 
internal body organ, including colostomy bags, and one pair of 
conventional eyeglasses or contact lenses furnished subsequent to each 
cataract surgery with insertion of an intraocular lens.
    (4) Prosthetic supplies, meaning supplies that are necessary for the 
effective use of a prosthetic device (including supplies directly 
related to colostomy care).
    Radiation therapy services and supplies means those particular 
services and supplies, including (effective January 1, 2007) therapeutic 
nuclear medicine services and supplies, so identified on the List of 
CPT/HCPCS Codes. All services and supplies so identified on the List of 
CPT/HCPCS Codes are radiation therapy services and supplies for purposes 
of this subpart. Any service or supply not specifically identified as 
radiation therapy services or supplies on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes is 
not a radiation therapy service or supply for purposes of this subpart. 
The list of codes identifying radiation therapy services and supplies is 
based on section 1861(s)(4) of the Act and Sec. 410.35 of this chapter.

[[Page 424]]

    Radiology and certain other imaging services means those particular 
services so identified on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes. All services so 
identified on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes are radiology and certain 
other imaging services for purposes of this subpart. Any service not 
specifically identified as radiology and certain other imaging services 
on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes is not a radiology or certain other 
imaging service for purposes of this subpart. The list of codes 
identifying radiology and certain other imaging services includes the 
professional and technical components of any diagnostic test or 
procedure using x-rays, ultrasound, computerized axial tomography, 
magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine (effective January 1, 
2007), or other imaging services. All codes identified as radiology and 
certain other imaging services are covered under section 1861(s)(3) of 
the Act and Sec. 410.32 and Sec. 410.34 of this chapter, but do not 
include--
    (1) X-ray, fluoroscopy, or ultrasound procedures that require the 
insertion of a needle, catheter, tube, or probe through the skin or into 
a body orifice; and
    (2) Radiology procedures that are integral to the performance of a 
nonradiological medical procedure and performed--
    (i) During the nonradiological medical procedure; or
    (ii) Immediately following the nonradiological medical procedure 
when necessary to confirm placement of an item placed during the 
nonradiological medical procedure.
    Referral--
    (1) Means either of the following:
    (i) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this definition, the 
request by a physician for, or ordering of, or the certifying or 
recertifying of the need for, any designated health service for which 
payment may be made under Medicare Part B, including a request for a 
consultation with another physician and any test or procedure ordered by 
or to be performed by (or under the supervision of) that other 
physician, but not including any designated health service personally 
performed or provided by the referring physician. A designated health 
service is not personally performed or provided by the referring 
physician if it is performed or provided by any other person, including, 
but not limited to, the referring physician's employees, independent 
contractors, or group practice members.
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this definition, a 
request by a physician that includes the provision of any designated 
health service for which payment may be made under Medicare, the 
establishment of a plan of care by a physician that includes the 
provision of such a designated health service, or the certifying or 
recertifying of the need for such a designated health service, but not 
including any designated health service personally performed or provided 
by the referring physician. A designated health service is not 
personally performed or provided by the referring physician if it is 
performed or provided by any other person including, but not limited to, 
the referring physician's employees, independent contractors, or group 
practice members.
    (2) Does not include a request by a pathologist for clinical 
diagnostic laboratory tests and pathological examination services, by a 
radiologist for diagnostic radiology services, and by a radiation 
oncologist for radiation therapy or ancillary services necessary for, 
and integral to, the provision of radiation therapy, if--
    (i) The request results from a consultation initiated by another 
physician (whether the request for a consultation was made to a 
particular physician or to an entity with which the physician is 
affiliated); and
    (ii) The tests or services are furnished by or under the supervision 
of the pathologist, radiologist, or radiation oncologist, or under the 
supervision of a pathologist, radiologist, or radiation oncologist, 
respectively, in the same group practice as the pathologist, 
radiologist, or radiation oncologist.
    (3) Can be in any form, including, but not limited to, written, 
oral, or electronic.
    Referring physician means a physician who makes a referral as 
defined in this section or who directs another person or entity to make 
a referral or who

[[Page 425]]

controls referrals made by another person or entity. A referring 
physician and the professional corporation of which he or she is a sole 
owner are the same for purposes of this subpart.
    Remuneration means any payment or other benefit made directly or 
indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, except that the 
following are not considered remuneration for purposes of this section:
    (1) The forgiveness of amounts owed for inaccurate tests or 
procedures, mistakenly performed tests or procedures, or the correction 
of minor billing errors.
    (2) The furnishing of items, devices, or supplies (not including 
surgical items, devices, or supplies) that are used solely to collect, 
transport, process, or store specimens for the entity furnishing the 
items, devices, or supplies or are used solely to order or communicate 
the results of tests or procedures for the entity.
    (3) A payment made by an insurer or a self-insured plan (or a 
subcontractor of the insurer or plan) to a physician to satisfy a claim, 
submitted on a fee-for-service basis, for the furnishing of health 
services by that physician to an individual who is covered by a policy 
with the insurer or by the self-insured plan, if--
    (i) The health services are not furnished, and the payment is not 
made, under a contract or other arrangement between the insurer or the 
plan (or a subcontractor of the insurer or plan) and the physician;
    (ii) The payment is made to the physician on behalf of the covered 
individual and would otherwise be made directly to the individual; and
    (iii) The amount of the payment is set in advance, does not exceed 
fair market value, and is not determined in a manner that takes into 
account directly or indirectly the volume or value of any referrals.
    Same building means a structure with, or combination of structures 
that share, a single street address as assigned by the U.S. Postal 
Service, excluding all exterior spaces (for example, lawns, courtyards, 
driveways, parking lots) and interior loading docks or parking garages. 
For purposes of this section, the ``same building'' does not include a 
mobile vehicle, van, or trailer.
    Specialty hospital means a subsection (d) hospital (as defined in 
section 1886(d)(1)(B)) that is primarily or exclusively engaged in the 
care and treatment of one of the following: Patients with a cardiac 
condition; patients with an orthopedic condition; patients receiving a 
surgical procedure; or any other specialized category of services that 
the Secretary designates as inconsistent with the purpose of permitting 
physician ownership and investment interests in a hospital. A 
``specialty hospital'' does not include any hospital--
    (1) Determined by the Secretary to be in operation before or under 
development as of November 18, 2003;
    (2) For which the number of physician investors at any time on or 
after such date is no greater than the number of such investors as of 
such date;
    (3) For which the type of categories described above is no different 
at any time on or after such date than the type of such categories as of 
such date;
    (4) For which any increase in the number of beds occurs only in the 
facilities on the main campus of the hospital and does not exceed 50 
percent of the number of beds in the hospital as of November 18, 2003, 
or 5 beds, whichever is greater; and
    (5) that meets such other requirements as the Secretary may specify.
    Transaction means an instance or process of two or more persons or 
entities doing business. An isolated transaction means one involving a 
single payment between two or more persons or entities or a transaction 
that involves integrally related installment payments provided that--
    (1) The total aggregate payment is fixed before the first payment is 
made and does not take into account, directly or indirectly, the volume 
or value of referrals or other business generated by the referring 
physician; and
    (2) The payments are immediately negotiable or are guaranteed by a 
third party, secured by a negotiable promissory note, or subject to a 
similar mechanism to assure payment even in the

[[Page 426]]

event of default by the purchaser or obligated party. Sec. 411.352 
Group practice.

[69 FR 16126, March 26, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 4525, Jan. 28, 2005; 
70 FR 70330, Nov. 21, 2005]

    Effective Date Note: At 71 FR 45169, Aug. 8, 2006, Sec. 411.351 was 
amended by adding the definitions of ``electronic health record'' and 
``interoperable'', effective October 10, 2006. For the convenience of 
the user, the added text is set forth as follows:



Sec. 411.351  Definitions.

                                * * * * *

    Electronic health record means a repository of consumer health 
status information in computer processable form used for clinical 
diagnosis and treatment for a broad array of clinical conditions.

                                * * * * *

    Interoperable means able to communicate and exchange data 
accurately, effectively, securely, and consistently with different 
information technology systems, software applications, and networks, in 
various settings; and exchange data such that the clinical or 
operational purpose and meaning of the data are preserved and unaltered.

                                * * * * *



411.352  Group practice.

    For purposes of this subpart, a group practice is a physician 
practice that meets the following conditions:
    (a) Single legal entity. The group practice must consist of a single 
legal entity operating primarily for the purpose of being a physician 
group practice in any organizational form recognized by the State in 
which the group practice achieves its legal status, including, but not 
limited to, a partnership, professional corporation, limited liability 
company, foundation, not-for-profit corporation, faculty practice plan, 
or similar association. The single legal entity may be organized by any 
party or parties, including, but not limited to, physicians, health care 
facilities, or other persons or entities (including, but not limited to, 
physicians individually incorporated as professional corporations). The 
single legal entity may be organized or owned (in whole or in part) by 
another medical practice, provided that the other medical practice is 
not an operating physician practice (and regardless of whether the 
medical practice meets the conditions for a group practice under this 
section). For purposes of this subpart, a single legal entity does not 
include informal affiliations of physicians formed substantially to 
share profits from referrals, or separate group practices under common 
ownership or control through a physician practice management company, 
hospital, health system, or other entity or organization. A group 
practice that is otherwise a single legal entity may itself own 
subsidiary entities. A group practice operating in more than one State 
will be considered to be a single legal entity notwithstanding that it 
is composed of multiple legal entities, provided that--
    (1) The States in which the group practice is operating are 
contiguous (although each State need not be contiguous to every other 
State);
    (2) The legal entities are absolutely identical as to ownership, 
governance, and operation; and
    (3) Organization of the group practice into multiple entities is 
necessary to comply with jurisdictional licensing laws of the States in 
which the group practice operates.
    (b) Physicians. The group practice must have at least two physicians 
who are members of the group (whether employees or direct or indirect 
owners), as defined in Sec. 411.351.
    (c) Range of care. Each physician who is a member of the group, as 
defined in Sec. 411.351, must furnish substantially the full range of 
patient care services that the physician routinely furnishes, including 
medical care, consultation, diagnosis, and treatment, through the joint 
use of shared office space, facilities, equipment, and personnel.
    (d) Services furnished by group practice members. (1) Except as 
otherwise provided in paragraphs (d)(3), (d)(4), (d)(5), and (d)(6) of 
this section, substantially all of the patient care services of the 
physicians who are members of the group (that is, at least 75 percent of 
the total patient care services of the group practice members) must be 
furnished through the group and billed under a billing number assigned 
to the group, and the amounts received must be

[[Page 427]]

treated as receipts of the group. ``Patient care services'' must be 
measured by one of the following:
    (i) The total time each member spends on patient care services 
documented by any reasonable means (including, but not limited to, time 
cards, appointment schedules, or personal diaries). (For example, if a 
physician practices 40 hours a week and spends 30 hours a week on 
patient care services for a group practice, the physician has spent 75 
percent of his or her time providing patient care services for the 
group.)
    (ii) Any alternative measure that is reasonable, fixed in advance of 
the performance of the services being measured, uniformly applied over 
time, verifiable, and documented.
    (2) The data used to calculate compliance with this ``substantially 
all test'' and related supportive documentation must be made available 
to the Secretary upon request.
    (3) The ``substantially all test'' set forth in paragraph (d)(1) of 
this section does not apply to any group practice that is located solely 
in an HPSA, as defined in Sec. 411.351.
    (4) For a group practice located outside of an HPSA (as defined in 
Sec. 411.351), any time spent by a group practice member providing 
services in an HPSA should not be used to calculate whether the group 
practice has met the ``substantially all test,'' regardless of whether 
the member's time in the HPSA is spent in a group practice, clinic, or 
office setting.
    (5) During the ``start up'' period (not to exceed 12 months) that 
begins on the date of the initial formation of a new group practice, a 
group practice must make a reasonable, good faith effort to ensure that 
the group practice complies with the ``substantially all'' test 
requirement set forth in paragraph (d)(1) of this section as soon as 
practicable, but no later than 12 months from the date of the initial 
formation of the group practice. This paragraph (d)(5) does not apply 
when an existing group practice admits a new member or reorganizes.
    (6)(i) If the addition to an existing group practice of a new member 
who would be considered to have relocated his or her practice under 
Sec. 411.457(e)(2) would result in the existing group practice not 
meeting the ``substantially all'' test set forth in paragraph (d)(1) of 
this section, the group practice will have 12 months following the 
addition of the new member to come back into full compliance, provided 
that--
    (A) For the 12-month period the group practice is fully compliant 
with the ``substantially all'' test if the new member is not counted as 
a member of the group for purposes of Sec. 411.352; and
    (B) The new member's employment with, or ownership interest in, the 
group practice is documented in writing no later than the beginning of 
his or her new employment, ownership, or investment.
    (ii) This paragraph (d)(6) does not apply when an existing group 
practice reorganizes or admits a new member who is not relocating his or 
her practice.
    (e) Distribution of expenses and income. The overhead expenses of, 
and income from, the practice must be distributed according to methods 
that are determined before the receipt of payment for the services 
giving rise to the overhead expense or producing the income. Nothing in 
this section prevents a group practice from adjusting its compensation 
methodology prospectively, subject to restrictions on the distribution 
of revenue from DHS under Sec. 411.352(i).
    (f) Unified business. (1) The group practice must be a unified 
business having at least the following features:
    (i) Centralized decision-making by a body representative of the 
group practice that maintains effective control over the group's assets 
and liabilities (including, but not limited to, budgets, compensation, 
and salaries); and
    (ii) Consolidated billing, accounting, and financial reporting.
    (2) Location and specialty-based compensation practices are 
permitted with respect to revenues derived from services that are not 
DHS and may be permitted with respect to revenues derived from DHS under 
Sec. 411.352(i).
    (g) Volume or value of referrals. No physician who is a member of 
the group practice directly or indirectly receives compensation based on 
the volume or value of referrals by the

[[Page 428]]

physician, except as provided in Sec. 411.352(i).
    (h) Physician-patient encounters. Members of the group must 
personally conduct no less than 75 percent of the physician-patient 
encounters of the group practice.
    (i) Special rule for productivity bonuses and profit shares. (1) A 
physician in a group practice may be paid a share of overall profits of 
the group, or a productivity bonus based on services that he or she has 
personally performed (including services ``incident to'' those 
personally performed services as defined in Sec. 411.351), provided 
that the share or bonus is not determined in any manner that is directly 
related to the volume or value of referrals of DHS by the physician.
    (2) Overall profits means the group's entire profits derived from 
DHS payable by Medicare or Medicaid or the profits derived from DHS 
payable by Medicare or Medicaid of any component of the group practice 
that consists of at least five physicians. Overall profits should be 
divided in a reasonable and verifiable manner that is not directly 
related to the volume or value of the physician's referrals of DHS. The 
share of overall profits will be deemed not to relate directly to the 
volume or value of referrals if one of the following conditions is met:
    (i) The group's profits are divided per capita (for example, per 
member of the group or per physician in the group).
    (ii) Revenues derived from DHS are distributed based on the 
distribution of the group practice's revenues attributed to services 
that are not DHS payable by any Federal health care program or private 
payer.
    (iii) Revenues derived from DHS constitute less than 5 percent of 
the group practice's total revenues, and the allocated portion of those 
revenues to each physician in the group practice constitutes 5 percent 
or less of his or her total compensation from the group.
    (3) A productivity bonus should be calculated in a reasonable and 
verifiable manner that is not directly related to the volume or value of 
the physician's referrals of DHS. A productivity bonus will be deemed 
not to relate directly to the volume or value of referrals of DHS if one 
of the following conditions is met:
    (i) The bonus is based on the physician's total patient encounters 
or relative value units (RVUs). (The methodology for establishing RVUs 
is set forth in Sec. 414.22 of this chapter.)
    (ii) The bonus is based on the allocation of the physician's 
compensation attributable to services that are not DHS payable by any 
Federal health care program or private payer.
    (iii) Revenues derived from DHS are less than 5 percent of the group 
practice's total revenues, and the allocated portion of those revenues 
to each physician in the group practice constitutes 5 percent or less of 
his or her total compensation from the group practice.
    (4) Supporting documentation verifying the method used to calculate 
the profit share or productivity bonus under paragraphs (i)(2) and 
(i)(3) of this section, and the resulting amount of compensation, must 
be made available to the Secretary upon request.



Sec. 411.353  Prohibition on certain referrals by physicians and limitations 
on billing.

    (a) Prohibition on referrals. Except as provided in this subpart, a 
physician who has a direct or indirect financial relationship with an 
entity, or who has an immediate family member who has a direct or 
indirect financial relationship with the entity, may not make a referral 
to that entity for the furnishing of DHS for which payment otherwise may 
be made under Medicare. A physician's prohibited financial relationship 
with an entity that furnishes DHS is not imputed to his or her group 
practice or its members or its staff; however, a referral made by a 
physician's group practice, its members, or its staff may be imputed to 
the physician, if the physician directs the group practice, its members, 
or its staff to make the referral or if the physician controls referrals 
made by his or her group practice, its members, or its staff.
    (b) Limitations on billing. An entity that furnishes DHS pursuant to 
a referral that is prohibited by paragraph (a) of this section may not 
present or cause to be presented a claim or bill to

[[Page 429]]

the Medicare program or to any individual, primary payer, or other 
entity for the DHS performed pursuant to the prohibited referral.
    (c) Denial of payment. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this 
section, no Medicare payment may be made for a designated health service 
that is furnished pursuant to a prohibited referral.
    (d) Refunds. An entity that collects payment for a designated health 
service that was performed under a prohibited referral must refund all 
collected amounts on a timely basis, as defined in Sec. 1003.101 of 
this title.
    (e) Exception for certain entities. Payment may be made to an entity 
that submits a claim for a designated health service if--
    (1) The entity did not have actual knowledge of, and did not act in 
reckless disregard or deliberate ignorance of, the identity of the 
physician who made the referral of the designated health service to the 
entity; and
    (2) The claim otherwise complies with all applicable Federal and 
State laws, rules, and regulations.
    (f) Exception for certain arrangements involving temporary 
noncompliance. (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (f)(2), (f)(3), and 
(f)(4) of this section, an entity may submit a claim or bill and payment 
may be made to an entity that submits a claim or bill for a designated 
health service if--
    (i) The financial relationship between the entity and the referring 
physician fully complied with an applicable exception under Sec. 
411.355, Sec. 411.356, or Sec. 411.357 for at least 180 consecutive 
calendar days immediately preceding the date on which the financial 
relationship became noncompliant with the exception;
    (ii) The financial relationship has fallen out of compliance with 
the exception for reasons beyond the control of the entity, and the 
entity promptly takes steps to rectify the noncompliance; and
    (iii) The financial relationship does not violate the anti-kickback 
statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act), and the claim or bill otherwise 
complies with all applicable Federal and State laws, rules, and 
regulations.
    (2) Paragraph (f)(1) of this section applies only to DHS furnished 
during the period of time it takes the entity to rectify the 
noncompliance, which must not exceed 90 consecutive calendar days 
following the date on which the financial relationship became 
noncompliant with an exception.
    (3) This paragraph (f) may only be used by an entity once every 3 
years with respect to the same referring physician.
    (4) This paragraph (f) does not apply if the exception with which 
the financial relationship previously complied was Sec. 411.357(k) or 
(m).



Sec. 411.354  Financial relationship, compensation, and ownership or 
investment interest.

    (a) Financial relationships. (1) Financial relationship means--
    (i) A direct or indirect ownership or investment interest (as 
defined in paragraph (b) of this section) in any entity that furnishes 
DHS; or
    (ii) A direct or indirect compensation arrangement (as defined in 
paragraph (c) of this section) with an entity that furnishes DHS.
    (2) A direct financial relationship exists if remuneration passes 
between the referring physician (or a member of his or her immediate 
family) and the entity furnishing DHS without any intervening persons or 
entities. (3) An indirect financial relationship exists under the 
conditions described in paragraphs (b)(5) and (c)(2) of this section.
    (b) Ownership or investment interest. An ownership or investment 
interest may be through equity, debt, or other means, and includes an 
interest in an entity that holds an ownership or investment interest in 
any entity that furnishes DHS.
    (1) An ownership or investment interest includes, but is not limited 
to, stock, stock options other than those described in Sec. 
411.354(b)(3)(ii), partnership shares, limited liability company 
memberships, as well as loans, bonds, or other financial instruments 
that are secured with an entity's property or revenue or a portion of 
that property or revenue.
    (2) An ownership or investment interest in a subsidiary company is 
neither an ownership or investment interest in

[[Page 430]]

the parent company, nor in any other subsidiary of the parent, unless 
the subsidiary company itself has an ownership or investment interest in 
the parent or such other subsidiaries. It may, however, be part of an 
indirect financial relationship.
    (3) Ownership and investment interests do not include, among other 
things--
    (i) An interest in a retirement plan;
    (ii) Stock options and convertible securities received as 
compensation until the stock options are exercised or the convertible 
securities are converted to equity (before this time the stock options 
or convertible securities are compensation arrangements as defined in 
paragraph (c) of this section);
    (iii) An unsecured loan subordinated to a credit facility (which is 
a compensation arrangement as defined in paragraph (c) of this section); 
or
    (iv) An ``under arrangements'' contract between a hospital and an 
entity owned by one or more physicians (or a group of physicians) 
providing DHS ``under arrangements'' with the hospital (such a contract 
is a compensation arrangement as defined in paragraph (c) of this 
section).
    (4) An ownership or investment interest that meets an exception set 
forth in Sec. 411.355 or Sec. 411.356 need not also meet an exception 
for compensation arrangements set forth in Sec. 411.357 with respect to 
profit distributions, dividends, or interest payments on secured 
obligations.
    (5) Indirect ownership or investment interest. (i) An indirect 
ownership or investment interest exists if--
    (A) Between the referring physician (or immediate family member) and 
the entity furnishing DHS there exists an unbroken chain of any number 
(but no fewer than one) of persons or entities having ownership or 
investment interests; and
    (B) The entity furnishing DHS has actual knowledge of, or acts in 
reckless disregard or deliberate ignorance of, the fact that the 
referring physician (or immediate family member) has some ownership or 
investment interest (through any number of intermediary ownership or 
investment interests) in the entity furnishing the DHS.
    (ii) An indirect ownership or investment interest exists even though 
the entity furnishing DHS does not know, or act in reckless disregard or 
deliberate ignorance of, the precise composition of the unbroken chain 
or the specific terms of the ownership or investment interests that form 
the links in the chain.
    (iii) Notwithstanding anything in this paragraph (b)(5), common 
ownership or investment in an entity does not, in and of itself, 
establish an indirect ownership or investment interest by one common 
owner or investor in another common owner or investor.
    (iv) An indirect ownership or investment interest requires an 
unbroken chain of ownership interests between the referring physician 
and the entity furnishing DHS such that the referring physician has an 
indirect ownership or investment interest in the entity furnishing DHS.
    (c) Compensation arrangement. A compensation arrangement is any 
arrangement involving remuneration, direct or indirect, between a 
physician (or a member of a physician's immediate family) and an entity. 
An ``under arrangements'' contract between a hospital and an entity 
providing DHS ``under arrangements'' to the hospital creates a 
compensation arrangement for purposes of these regulations.
    (1) A compensation arrangement does not include the portion of any 
business arrangement that consists solely of the remuneration described 
in section 1877(h)(1)(C) of the Act and in paragraphs (1) through (3) of 
the definition of the term ``remuneration'' in Sec. 411.351. (However, 
any other portion of the arrangement may still constitute a compensation 
arrangement.)
    (2) Indirect compensation arrangement. An indirect compensation 
arrangement exists if--
    (i) Between the referring physician (or a member of his or her 
immediate family) and the entity furnishing DHS there exists an unbroken 
chain of any number (but not fewer than one) of persons or entities that 
have financial relationships (as defined in paragraph (a) of this 
section) between them (that is, each link in the chain has either an 
ownership or investment interest or a

[[Page 431]]

compensation arrangement with the preceding link);
    (ii) The referring physician (or immediate family member) receives 
aggregate compensation from the person or entity in the chain with which 
the physician (or immediate family member) has a direct financial 
relationship that varies with, or otherwise reflects, the volume or 
value of referrals or other business generated by the referring 
physician for the entity furnishing the DHS, regardless of whether the 
individual unit of compensation satisfies the special rules on unit-
based compensation under Sec. 411.354(d)(2) or (d)(3). If the financial 
relationship between the physician (or immediate family member) and the 
person or entity in the chain with which the referring physician (or 
immediate family member) has a direct financial relationship is an 
ownership or investment interest, the determination whether the 
aggregate compensation varies with, or otherwise reflects, the volume or 
value of referrals or other business generated by the referring 
physician for the entity furnishing the DHS will be measured by the 
nonownership or noninvestment interest closest to the referring 
physician (or immediate family member). (For example, if a referring 
physician has an ownership interest in company A, which owns company B, 
which has a compensation arrangement with company C, which has a 
compensation arrangement with entity D that furnishes DHS, we would look 
to the aggregate compensation between company B and company C for 
purposes of this paragraph (c)(2)(ii)); and
    (iii) The entity furnishing DHS has actual knowledge of, or acts in 
reckless disregard or deliberate ignorance of, the fact that the 
referring physician (or immediate family member) receives aggregate 
compensation that varies with, or otherwise reflects, the volume or 
value of referrals or other business generated by the referring 
physician for the entity furnishing the DHS.
    (d) Special rules on compensation. The following special rules apply 
only to compensation under section 1877 of the Act and subpart J of this 
part.
    (1) Compensation will be considered ``set in advance'' if the 
aggregate compensation, a time-based or per unit of service based 
(whether per-use or per-service) amount, or a specific formula for 
calculating the compensation is set in an agreement between the parties 
before the furnishing of the items or services for which the 
compensation is to be paid. The formula for determining the compensation 
must be set forth in sufficient detail so that it can be objectively 
verified, and the formula may not be changed or modified during the 
course of the agreement in any manner that reflects the volume or value 
of referrals or other business generated by the referring physician.
    (2) Unit-based compensation (including time-based or per unit of 
service based compensation) will be deemed not to take into account 
``the volume or value of referrals'' if the compensation is fair market 
value for services or items actually provided and does not vary during 
the course of the compensation agreement in any manner that takes into 
account referrals of DHS.
    (3) Unit-based compensation (including time-based or per unit of 
service based compensation) will be deemed to not take into account 
``other business generated between the parties'' so long as the 
compensation is fair market value for items and services actually 
provided and does not vary during the course of the compensation 
arrangement in any manner that takes into account referrals or other 
business generated by the referring physician, including private pay 
health care business (except for services personally performed by the 
referring physician, which will not be considered ``other business 
generated'' by the referring physician).
    (4) A physician's compensation from a bona fide employer or under a 
managed care or other contract may be conditioned on the physician's 
referrals to a particular provider, practitioner, or supplier, so long 
as the compensation arrangement--
    (i) Is set in advance for the term of the agreement;
    (ii) Is consistent with fair market value for services performed 
(that is, the payment does not take into account the volume or value of 
anticipated or required referrals);

[[Page 432]]

    (iii) Otherwise complies with an applicable exception under Sec. 
411.355 or Sec. 411.357;
    (iv) Complies with the following conditions:
    (A) The requirement to make referrals to a particular provider, 
practitioner, or supplier is set forth in a written agreement signed by 
the parties;
    (B) The requirement to make referrals to a particular provider, 
practitioner, or supplier does not apply if the patient expresses a 
preference for a different provider, practitioner, or supplier; the 
patient's insurer determines the provider, practitioner, or supplier; or 
the referral is not in the patient's best medical interests in the 
physician's judgment; and
    (v) The required referrals relate solely to the physician's services 
covered by the scope of the employment or the contract and the referral 
requirement is reasonably necessary to effectuate the legitimate 
business purposes of the compensation relationship. In no event may the 
physician be required to make referrals that relate to services that are 
not provided by the physician under the scope of his or her employment 
or contract. Sec. 411.355 General exceptions to the referral 
prohibition related to both ownership/investment and compensation.



Sec. 411.355  General exceptions to the referral prohibition related to both 
ownership/investment and compensation.

    The prohibition on referrals set forth in Sec. 411.353 does not 
apply to the following types of services:
    (a) Physician services. (1) Physician services as defined in Sec. 
410.20(a) of this chapter that are furnished--
    (i) Personally by another physician who is a member of the referring 
physician's group practice or is a physician in the same group practice 
(as defined in Sec. 411.351) as the referring physician; or
    (ii) Under the supervision of another physician who is a member of 
the referring physician's group practice or is a physician in the same 
group practice (as defined at Sec. 411.351) as the referring physician, 
provided that the supervision complies with all other applicable 
Medicare payment and coverage rules for the physician services.
    (2) For purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, sbull; physician 
services'' include only those ``incident to'' services (as defined in 
Sec. 411.351) that are physician services under Sec. 410.20(a) of this 
chapter.
    (3) All other ``incident to'' services (for example, diagnostic 
tests, physical therapy) are outside the scope of paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    (b) In-office ancillary services. Services (including certain items 
of durable medical equipment (DME), as defined in paragraph (b)(4) of 
this section, and infusion pumps that are DME (including external 
ambulatory infusion pumps), but excluding all other DME and parenteral 
and enteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies (such as infusion pumps 
used for PEN)), that meet the following conditions:
    (1) They are furnished personally by one of the following 
individuals:
    (i) The referring physician.
    (ii) A physician who is a member of the same group practice as the 
referring physician.
    (iii) An individual who is supervised by the referring physician or, 
if the referring physician is in a group practice, by another physician 
in the group practice, provided the supervision complies with all other 
applicable Medicare payment and coverage rules for the services.
    (2) They are furnished in one of the following locations:
    (i) The same building (as defined in Sec. 411.351), but not 
necessarily in the same space or part of the building, in which all of 
the conditions of paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A), (b)(2)(i)(B), or (b)(2)(i)(C) 
of this section are satisfied:
    (A)(1) The referring physician or his or her group practice (if any) 
has an office that is normally open to the physician's or group's 
patients for medical services at least 35 hours per week; and
    (2) The referring physician or one or more members of the referring 
physician's group practice regularly practices medicine and furnishes 
physician services to patients at least 30 hours per week. The 30 hours 
must include some physician services that are unrelated to the 
furnishing of DHS payable by Medicare, any other Federal health

[[Page 433]]

care payer, or a private payer, even though the physician services may 
lead to the ordering of DHS; or
    (B)(1) The patient receiving the DHS usually receives physician 
services from the referring physician or members of the referring 
physician's group practice (if any);
    (2) The referring physician or the referring physician's group 
practice owns or rents an office that is normally open to the 
physician's or group's patients for medical services at least 8 hours 
per week; and
    (3) The referring physician regularly practices medicine and 
furnishes physician services to patients at least 6 hours per week. The 
6 hours must include some physician services that are unrelated to the 
furnishing of DHS payable by Medicare, any other Federal health care 
payer, or a private payer, even though the physician services may lead 
to the ordering of DHS; or
    (C)(1) The referring physician is present and orders the DHS during 
a patient visit on the premises as set forth in paragraph 
(b)(2)(i)(C)(2) of this section or the referring physician or a member 
of the referring physician's group practice (if any) is present while 
the DHS is furnished during occupancy of the premises as set forth in 
paragraph (b)(2)(i)(C)(2) of this section;
    (2) The referring physician or the referring physician's group 
practice owns or rents an office that is normally open to the 
physician's or group's patients for medical services at least 8 hours 
per week; and
    (3) The referring physician or one or more members of the referring 
physician's group practice regularly practices medicine and furnishes 
physician services to patients at least 6 hours per week. The 6 hours 
must include some physician services that are unrelated to the 
furnishing of DHS payable by Medicare, any other Federal health care 
payer, or a private payer, even though the physician services may lead 
to the ordering of DHS.
    (ii) A centralized building (as defined in Sec. 411.351) that is 
used by the group practice for the provision of some or all of the group 
practice's clinical laboratory services.
    (iii) A centralized building (as defined in Sec. 411.351) that is 
used by the group practice for the provision of some or all of the group 
practice's DHS (other than clinical laboratory services).
    (3) They are billed by one of the following:
    (i) The physician performing or supervising the service.
    (ii) The group practice of which the performing or supervising 
physician is a member under a billing number assigned to the group 
practice.
    (iii) The group practice if the supervising physician is a 
``physician in the group practice'' (as defined at Sec. 411.351) under 
a billing number assigned to the group practice.
    (iv) An entity that is wholly owned by the performing or supervising 
physician or by that physician's group practice under the entity's own 
billing number or under a billing number assigned to the physician or 
group practice.
    (v) An independent third party billing company acting as an agent of 
the physician, group practice, or entity specified in paragraphs 
(b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iv) of this section under a billing number 
assigned to the physician, group practice, or entity, provided the 
billing arrangement meets the requirements of Sec. 424.80(b)(6) of this 
chapter. For purposes of this paragraph (b)(3), a group practice may 
have, and bill under, more than one Medicare billing number, subject to 
any applicable Medicare program restrictions.
    (4) For purposes of paragraph (b) of this section, DME covered by 
the in-office ancillary services exception means canes, crutches, 
walkers and folding manual wheelchairs, and blood glucose monitors, that 
meet the following conditions:
    (i) The item is one that a patient requires for the purposes of 
ambulating, uses in order to depart from the physician's office, or is a 
blood glucose monitor (including one starter set of test strips and 
lancets, consisting of no more than 100 of each). A blood glucose 
monitor may be furnished only by a physician or employee of a physician 
or group practice that also furnishes outpatient diabetes self-
management training to the patient.

[[Page 434]]

    (ii) The item is furnished in a building that meets the ``same 
building'' requirements in the in-office ancillary services exception as 
part of the treatment for the specific condition for which the patient-
physician encounter occurred.
    (iii) The item is furnished personally by the physician who ordered 
the DME, by another physician in the group practice, or by an employee 
of the physician or the group practice.
    (iv) A physician or group practice that furnishes the DME meets all 
DME supplier standards located in Sec. 424.57(c) of this chapter.
    (v) The arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback statute 
(section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or regulation 
governing billing or claims submission.
    (vi) All other requirements of the in-office ancillary services 
exception in paragraph (b) of this section are met.
    (5) A designated health service is ``furnished'' for purposes of 
paragraph (b) of this section in the location where the service is 
actually performed upon a patient or where an item is dispensed to a 
patient in a manner that is sufficient to meet the applicable Medicare 
payment and coverage rules.
    (6) Special rule for home care physicians. In the case of a 
referring physician whose principal medical practice consists of 
treating patients in their private homes, the ``same building'' 
requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section are met if the 
referring physician (or a qualified person accompanying the physician, 
such as a nurse or technician) provides the DHS contemporaneously with a 
physician service that is not a designated health service provided by 
the referring physician to the patient in the patient's private home. 
For purposes of paragraph (b)(5) of this section only, a private home 
does not include a nursing, long-term care, or other facility or 
institution, except that a patient may have a private home in an 
assisted living or independent living facility.
    (c) Services furnished by an organization (or its contractors or 
subcontractors) to enrollees. Services furnished by an organization (or 
its contractors or subcontractors) to enrollees of one of the following 
prepaid health plans (not including services provided to enrollees in 
any other plan or line of business offered or administered by the same 
organization):
    (1) An HMO or a CMP in accordance with a contract with CMS under 
section 1876 of the Act and part 417, subparts J through M of this 
chapter.
    (2) A health care prepayment plan in accordance with an agreement 
with CMS under section 1833(a)(1)(A) of the Act and part 417, subpart U 
of this chapter.
    (3) An organization that is receiving payments on a prepaid basis 
for Medicare enrollees through a demonstration project under section 
402(a) of the Social Security Amendments of 1967 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1) or 
under section 222(a) of the Social Security Amendments of 1972 (42 
U.S.C. 1395b-1 note).
    (4) A qualified HMO (within the meaning of section 1310(d) of the 
Public Health Service Act).
    (5) A coordinated care plan (within the meaning of section 
1851(a)(2)(A) of the Act) offered by an organization in accordance with 
a contract with CMS under section 1857 of the Act and part 422 of this 
chapter.
    (6) A managed care organization (MCO) contracting with a State under 
section 1903(m) of the Act.
    (7) A prepaid inpatient health plan (PIHP) or prepaid ambulance 
health plan (PAHP) contracting with a State under part 438 of this 
chapter.
    (8) A health insuring organization (HIO) contracting with a State 
under part 438, subpart D of this chapter.
    (9) An entity operating under a demonstration project under sections 
1115(a), 1915(a), 1915(b), or 1932(a) of the Act.
    (d) [Reserved]
    (e) Academic medical centers. (1) Services provided by an academic 
medical center if all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The referring physician--
    (A) Is a bona fide employee of a component of the academic medical 
center on a full-time or substantial part-time basis. (A ``component'' 
of an academic medical center means an affiliated medical school, 
faculty practice plan, hospital, teaching facility, institution

[[Page 435]]

of higher education, departmental professional corporation, or nonprofit 
support organization whose primary purpose is supporting the teaching 
mission of the academic medical center.) The components need not be 
separate legal entities;
    (B) Is licensed to practice medicine in the State(s) in which he or 
she practices medicine;
    (C) Has a bona fide faculty appointment at the affiliated medical 
school or at one or more of the educational programs at the accredited 
academic hospital; and
    (D) Provides either substantial academic services or substantial 
clinical teaching services (or a combination of academic services and 
clinical teaching services) for which the faculty member receives 
compensation as part of his or her employment relationship with the 
academic medical center. Parties should use a reasonable and consistent 
method for calculating a physician's academic services and clinical 
teaching services. A physician will be deemed to meet this requirement 
if he or she spends at least 20 percent of his or her professional time 
or 8 hours per week providing academic services or clinical teaching 
services (or a combination of academic services or clinical teaching 
services). A physician who does not spend at least 20 percent of his or 
her professional time or 8 hours per week providing academic services or 
clinical teaching services (or a combination of academic services or 
clinical teaching services) is not precluded from qualifying under this 
paragraph (e)(1)(i)(D).
    (ii) The total compensation paid by all academic medical center 
components to the referring physician is set in advance and, in the 
aggregate, does not exceed fair market value for the services provided, 
and is not determined in a manner that takes into account the volume or 
value of any referrals or other business generated by the referring 
physician within the academic medical center.
    (iii) The academic medical center must meet all of the following 
conditions:
    (A) All transfers of money between components of the academic 
medical center must directly or indirectly support the missions of 
teaching, indigent care, research, or community service.
    (B) The relationship of the components of the academic medical 
center must be set forth in written agreement(s) or other written 
document(s) that have been adopted by the governing body of each 
component. If the academic medical center is one legal entity, this 
requirement will be satisfied if transfers of funds between components 
of the academic medical center are reflected in the routine financial 
reports covering the components.
    (C) All money paid to a referring physician for research must be 
used solely to support bona fide research or teaching and must be 
consistent with the terms and conditions of the grant.
    (iv) The referring physician's compensation arrangement does not 
violate the anti-kickback statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any 
Federal or State law or regulation governing billing or claims 
submission.
    (2) The ``academic medical center'' for purposes of this section 
consists of--
    (i) An accredited medical school (including a university, when 
appropriate) or an accredited academic hospital (as defined at Sec. 
411.355(e)(3));
    (ii) One or more faculty practice plans affiliated with the medical 
school, the affiliated hospital(s), or the accredited academic hospital; 
and
    (iii) One or more affiliated hospital(s) in which a majority of the 
physicians on the medical staff consists of physicians who are faculty 
members and a majority of all hospital admissions are made by physicians 
who are faculty members. The hospital for purposes of this paragraph 
(e)(2)(iii) may be the same hospital that satisfies the requirement of 
paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section. For purposes of this provision, a 
faculty member is a physician who is either on the faculty of the 
affiliated medical school or on the faculty of one or more of the 
educational programs at the accredited academic hospital. In meeting 
this paragraph (e)(2)(iii), faculty from any affiliated medical school 
or accredited academic hospital education program may be aggregated, and

[[Page 436]]

residents and non-physician professionals need not be counted. Any 
faculty member may be counted, including courtesy and volunteer faculty.
    (3) An accredited academic hospital for purposes of this section 
means a hospital or a health system that sponsors four or more approved 
medical education programs.
    (f) Implants furnished by an ASC. Implants furnished by an ASC, 
including, but not limited to, cochlear implants, intraocular lenses, 
and other implanted prosthetics, implanted prosthetic devices, and 
implanted DME that meet the following conditions:
    (1) The implant is implanted by the referring physician or a member 
of the referring physician's group practice in a Medicare-certified ASC 
(under part 416 of this chapter) with which the referring physician has 
a financial relationship.
    (2) The implant is implanted in the patient during a surgical 
procedure paid by Medicare to the ASC as an ASC procedure under Sec. 
416.65.
    (3) The arrangement for the furnishing of the implant does not 
violate the anti-kickback statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act).
    (4) All billing and claims submission for the implants does not 
violate any Federal or State law or regulation governing billing or 
claims submission.
    (5) The exception set forth in this paragraph (f) does not apply to 
any financial relationships between the referring physician and any 
entity other than the ASC in which the implant is furnished to, and 
implanted in, the patient.
    (g) EPO and other dialysis-related drugs furnished in or by an ESRD 
facility. EPO and other dialysis-related drugs that meet the following 
conditions:
    (1) The EPO and other dialysis-related drugs are furnished in or by 
an ESRD facility. For purposes of this paragraph (g): ``EPO and other 
dialysis-related drugs'' means certain outpatient prescription drugs 
that are required for the efficacy of dialysis and identified as 
eligible for this exception on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes; and 
``furnished'' means that the EPO or dialysis-related drugs are 
administered to a patient in the ESRD facility, or, in the case of EPO 
or Aranesp (or equivalent drug identified on the List of CPT/HCPCS 
Codes) only, are dispensed by the ESRD facility for use at home.
    (2) The arrangement for the furnishing of the EPO and other 
dialysis-related drugs does not violate the anti-kickback statute 
(section 1128B(b) of the Act).
    (3) All billing and claims submission for the EPO and other 
dialysis-related drugs does not violate any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing billing or claims submission.
    (4) The exception set forth in this paragraph (g) does not apply to 
any financial relationship between the referring physician and any 
entity other than the ESRD facility that furnishes the EPO and other 
dialysis-related drugs to the patient.
    (h) Preventive screening tests, immunizations, and vaccines. 
Preventive screening tests, immunizations, and vaccines that meet the 
following conditions:
    (1) The preventive screening tests, immunizations, and vaccines are 
subject to CMS-mandated frequency limits.
    (2) The arrangement for the provision of the preventive screening 
tests, immunizations, and vaccines does not violate the anti-kickback 
statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act).
    (3) All billing and claims submission for the preventive screening 
tests, immunizations, and vaccines does not violate any Federal or State 
law or regulation governing billing or claims submission.
    (4) The preventive screening tests, immunizations, and vaccines must 
be covered by Medicare and must be listed as eligible for this exception 
on the List of CPT/HCPCS Codes.
    (i) Eyeglasses and contact lenses following cataract surgery. 
Eyeglasses and contact lenses that are covered by Medicare when 
furnished to patients following cataract surgery that meet the following 
conditions:
    (1) The eyeglasses or contact lenses are provided in accordance with 
the coverage and payment provisions set forth in Sec. 410.36(a)(2)(ii) 
and Sec. 414.228 of this chapter, respectively.
    (2) The arrangement for the furnishing of the eyeglasses or contact

[[Page 437]]

lenses does not violate the anti-kickback statute (section 1128B(b) of 
the Act).
    (3) All billing and claims submission for the eyeglasses or contact 
lenses does not violate any Federal or State law or regulation governing 
billing or claims submission.
    (j) Intra-family rural referrals. (1) Services provided pursuant to 
a referral from a referring physician to his or her immediate family 
member or to an entity furnishing DHS with which the immediate family 
member has a financial relationship, if all of the following conditions 
are met:
    (i) The patient who is referred resides in a rural area as defined 
in Sec. 411.356(c)(1);
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (j)(1)(iii) of this section, no 
other person or entity is available to furnish the services in a timely 
manner in light of the patient's condition within 25 miles of the 
patient's residence;
    (iii) In the case of services furnished to patients where they 
reside (for example, home health services or in-home DME), no other 
person or entity is available to furnish the services in a timely manner 
in light of the patient's condition; and
    (iv) The financial relationship does not violate the anti-kickback 
statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing billing or claims submission;
    (2) The referring physician or the immediate family member must make 
reasonable inquiries as to the availability of other persons or entities 
to furnish the DHS. However, neither the referring physician nor the 
immediate family member has any obligation to inquire as to the 
availability of persons or entities located farther than 25 miles from 
the patient's residence.



Sec. 411.356  Exceptions to the referral prohibition related to ownership or 
investment interests.

    For purposes of Sec. 411.353, the following ownership or investment 
interests do not constitute a financial relationship:
    (a) Publicly-traded securities. Ownership of investment securities 
(including shares or bonds, debentures, notes, or other debt 
instruments) that at the time the DHS referral was made could be 
purchased on the open market and that meet the requirements of 
paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
    (1) They are either--
    (i) Listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the American 
Stock Exchange, or any regional exchange in which quotations are 
published on a daily basis, or foreign securities listed on a recognized 
foreign, national, or regional exchange in which quotations are 
published on a daily basis; or
    (ii) Traded under an automated interdealer quotation system operated 
by the National Association of Securities Dealers.
    (2) They are in a corporation that had stockholder equity exceeding 
$75 million at the end of the corporation's most recent fiscal year or 
on average during the previous 3 fiscal years. ``Stockholder equity'' is 
the difference in value between a corporation's total assets and total 
liabilities.
    (b) Mutual funds. Ownership of shares in a regulated investment 
company as defined in section 851(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986, if the company had, at the end of its most recent fiscal year, or 
on average during the previous 3 fiscal years, total assets exceeding 
$75 million.
    (c) Specific providers. Ownership or investment interest in the 
following entities, for purposes of the services specified:
    (1) A rural provider, in the case of DHS furnished in a rural area 
by the provider. A ``rural provider'' is an entity that furnishes 
substantially all (not less than 75 percent) of the DHS that it 
furnishes to residents of a rural area and, for the 18-month period 
beginning on December 8, 2003 (or such other period as Congress may 
specify), is not a specialty hospital. A rural area for purposes of this 
paragraph (c)(1) is an area that is not an urban area as defined in 
Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(ii) of this chapter.
    (2) A hospital that is located in Puerto Rico, in the case of DHS 
furnished by such a hospital.
    (3) A hospital that is located outside of Puerto Rico, in the case 
of DHS furnished by such a hospital, if--

[[Page 438]]

    (i) the referring physician is authorized to perform services at the 
hospital;
    (ii) effective for the 18-month period beginning on December 8, 2003 
(or such other period as Congress may specify), the hospital is not a 
specialty hospital; and
    (iii) the ownership or investment interest is in the entire hospital 
and not merely in a distinct part or department of the hospital.



Sec. 411.357  Exceptions to the referral prohibition related to compensation 
arrangements.

    For purposes of Sec. 411.353, the following compensation 
arrangements do not constitute a financial relationship:
    (a) Rental of office space. Payments for the use of office space 
made by a lessee to a lessor if there is a rental or lease agreement 
that meets the following requirements:
    (1) The agreement is set out in writing, is signed by the parties, 
and specifies the premises it covers.
    (2) The term of the agreement is at least 1 year. To meet this 
requirement, if the agreement is terminated during the term with or 
without cause, the parties may not enter into a new agreement during the 
first year of the original term of the agreement.
    (3) The space rented or leased does not exceed that which is 
reasonable and necessary for the legitimate business purposes of the 
lease or rental and is used exclusively by the lessee when being used by 
the lessee (and is not shared with or used by the lessor or any person 
or entity related to the lessor), except that the lessee may make 
payments for the use of space consisting of common areas if the payments 
do not exceed the lessee's pro rata share of expenses for the space 
based upon the ratio of the space used exclusively by the lessee to the 
total amount of space (other than common areas) occupied by all persons 
using the common areas.
    (4) The rental charges over the term of the agreement are set in 
advance and are consistent with fair market value.
    (5) The rental charges over the term of the agreement are not 
determined in a manner that takes into account the volume or value of 
any referrals or other business generated between the parties.
    (6) The agreement would be commercially reasonable even if no 
referrals were made between the lessee and the lessor.
    (7) A holdover month-to-month rental for up to 6 months immediately 
following an agreement of at least 1 year that met the conditions of 
this paragraph (a) will satisfy this paragraph (a), provided the 
holdover rental is on the same terms and conditions as the immediately 
preceding agreement.
    (b) Rental of equipment. Payments made by a lessee to a lessor for 
the use of equipment under the following conditions:
    (1) A rental or lease agreement is set out in writing, is signed by 
the parties, and specifies the equipment it covers.
    (2) The equipment rented or leased does not exceed that which is 
reasonable and necessary for the legitimate business purposes of the 
lease or rental and is used exclusively by the lessee when being used by 
the lessee and is not shared with or used by the lessor or any person or 
entity related to the lessor.
    (3) The agreement provides for a term of rental or lease of at least 
1 year. To meet this requirement, if the agreement is terminated during 
the term with or without cause, the parties may not enter into a new 
agreement during the first year of the original term of the agreement.
    (4) The rental charges over the term of the agreement are set in 
advance, are consistent with fair market value, and are not determined 
in a manner that takes into account the volume or value of any referrals 
or other business generated between the parties.
    (5) The agreement would be commercially reasonable even if no 
referrals were made between the parties.
    (6) A holdover month-to-month rental for up to 6 months immediately 
following an agreement of at least 1 year that met the conditions of 
this paragraph (b) will satisfy this paragraph (b), provided the 
holdover rental is on the same terms and conditions as the immediately 
preceding agreement.
    (c) Bona fide employment relationships. Any amount paid by an 
employer to a

[[Page 439]]

physician (or immediate family member) who has a bona fide employment 
relationship with the employer for the provision of services if the 
following conditions are met:
    (1) The employment is for identifiable services.
    (2) The amount of the remuneration under the employment is--
    (i) Consistent with the fair market value of the services; and
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(4) of this section, is not 
determined in a manner that takes into account (directly or indirectly) 
the volume or value of any referrals by the referring physician.
    (3) The remuneration is provided under an agreement that would be 
commercially reasonable even if no referrals were made to the employer.
    (4) Paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section does not prohibit payment 
of remuneration in the form of a productivity bonus based on services 
performed personally by the physician (or immediate family member of the 
physician).
    (d) Personal service arrangements. (1) General--Remuneration from an 
entity under an arrangement or multiple arrangements to a physician, an 
immediate family member of the physician, or to a group practice, 
including remuneration for specific physician services furnished to a 
nonprofit blood center, if the following conditions are met:
    (i) Each arrangement is set out in writing, is signed by the 
parties, and specifies the services covered by the arrangement.
    (ii) The arrangement(s) covers all of the services to be furnished 
by the physician (or an immediate family member of the physician) to the 
entity. This requirement will be met if all separate arrangements 
between the entity and the physician and the entity and any family 
members incorporate each other by reference or if they cross-reference a 
master list of contracts that is maintained and updated centrally and is 
available for review by the Secretary upon request. The master list 
should be maintained in a manner that preserves the historical record of 
contracts. A physician or family member can ``furnish'' services through 
employees whom they have hired for the purpose of performing the 
services; through a wholly owned entity; or through locum tenens 
physicians (as defined in Sec. 411.351, except that the regular 
physician need not be a member of a group practice).
    (iii) The aggregate services contracted for do not exceed those that 
are reasonable and necessary for the legitimate business purposes of the 
arrangement(s).
    (iv) The term of each arrangement is for at least 1 year. To meet 
this requirement, if an arrangement is terminated during the term with 
or without cause, the parties may not enter into the same or 
substantially the same arrangement during the first year of the original 
term of the arrangement.
    (v) The compensation to be paid over the term of each arrangement is 
set in advance, does not exceed fair market value, and, except in the 
case of a physician incentive plan, is not determined in a manner that 
takes into account the volume or value of any referrals or other 
business generated between the parties.
    (vi) The services to be furnished under each arrangement do not 
involve the counseling or promotion of a business arrangement or other 
activity that violates any State or Federal law.
    (2) Physician incentive plan exception. In the case of a physician 
incentive plan (as defined in Sec. 411.351) between a physician and an 
entity (or downstream subcontractor), the compensation may be determined 
in a manner (through a withhold, capitation, bonus, or otherwise) that 
takes into account directly or indirectly the volume or value of any 
referrals or other business generated between the parties, if the plan 
meets the following requirements:
    (i) No specific payment is made directly or indirectly under the 
plan to a physician or a physician group as an inducement to reduce or 
limit medically necessary services furnished with respect to a specific 
individual enrolled with the entity.
    (ii) Upon request of the Secretary, the entity provides the 
Secretary with access to information regarding the plan (including any 
downstream subcontractor plans), in order to permit the Secretary to 
determine whether the plan is in compliance with paragraph (d)(2) of 
this section.

[[Page 440]]

    (iii) In the case of a plan that places a physician or a physician 
group at substantial financial risk as defined in Sec. 422.208, the 
entity (and/or any downstream contractor) complies with the requirements 
concerning physician incentive plans set forth at Sec. 422.208 and 
Sec. 422.210 of this chapter.
    (e) Physician recruitment. (1) Remuneration provided by a hospital 
to recruit a physician that is paid directly to the physician and that 
is intended to induce the physician to relocate his or her medical 
practice to the geographic area served by the hospital in order to 
become a member of the hospital's medical staff, if all of the following 
conditions are met:
    (i) The arrangement is set out in writing and signed by both 
parties;
    (ii) The arrangement is not conditioned on the physician's referral 
of patients to the hospital;
    (iii) The hospital does not determine (directly or indirectly) the 
amount of the remuneration to the physician based on the volume or value 
of any actual or anticipated referrals by the physician or other 
business generated between the parties; and
    (iv) The physician is allowed to establish staff privileges at any 
other hospital(s) and to refer business to any other entities (except as 
referrals may be restricted under a separate employment or services 
contract that complies with Sec. 411.354(d)(4)).
    (2) The ``geographic area served by the hospital'' is the area 
composed of the lowest number of contiguous zip codes from which the 
hospital draws at least 75 percent of its inpatients. A physician will 
be considered to have relocated his or her medical practice if--
    (i) The physician moves his or her medical practice at least 25 
miles; or
    (ii) The physician's new medical practice derives at least 75 
percent of its revenues from professional services furnished to patients 
(including hospital inpatients) not seen or treated by the physician at 
his or her prior medical practice site during the preceding 3 years, 
measured on an annual basis (fiscal or calendar year). For the initial 
``start up'' year of the recruited physician's practice, the 75 percent 
test in the preceding sentence will be satisfied if there is a 
reasonable expectation that the recruited physician's medical practice 
for the year will derive at least 75 percent of its revenues from 
professional services furnished to patients not seen or treated by the 
physician at his or her prior medical practice site during the preceding 
3 years.
    (3) Residents and physicians who have been in practice 1 year or 
less will not be subject to the relocation requirement of this 
paragraph, except that the recruited resident or physician must 
establish his or her medical practice in the geographic area served by 
the hospital.
    (4) In the case of remuneration provided by a hospital to a 
physician either indirectly through payments made to another physician 
or physician practice, or directly to a physician who joins a physician 
practice, the following additional conditions must be met:
    (i) The written agreement in Sec. 411.357(e)(1) is also signed by 
the party to whom the payments are directly made;
    (ii) Except for actual costs incurred by the physician or physician 
practice in recruiting the new physician, the remuneration is passed 
directly through to or remains with the recruited physician;
    (iii) In the case of an income guarantee made by the hospital to a 
recruited physician who joins a physician or physician practice, the 
costs allocated by the physician or physician practice to the recruited 
physician do not exceed the actual additional incremental costs 
attributable to the recruited physician;
    (iv) Records of the actual costs and the passed through amounts are 
maintained for a period of at least 5 years and made available to the 
Secretary upon request;
    (v) The remuneration from the hospital under the arrangement is not 
to be determined in a manner that takes into account (directly or 
indirectly) the volume or value of any actual or anticipated referrals 
by the recruited physician or the physician practice (or any physician 
affiliated with the physician practice) receiving the direct payments 
from the hospital;

[[Page 441]]

    (vi) The physician or physician practice may not impose additional 
practice restrictions on the recruited physician other than conditions 
related to quality of care; and
    (vii) The arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback statute 
(section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or regulation 
governing billing or claims submission.
    (5) This paragraph (e) applies to remuneration provided by a 
federally qualified health center in the same manner as it applies to 
remuneration provided by a hospital, so long as the arrangement does not 
violate the anti-kickback statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any 
Federal or State law or regulation governing billing or claims 
submission.
    (f) Isolated transactions. Isolated financial transactions, such as 
a one-time sale of property or a practice, if all of the following 
conditions are met:
    (1) The amount of remuneration under the isolated transaction is--
    (i) Consistent with the fair market value of the transaction; and
    (ii) Not determined in a manner that takes into account (directly or 
indirectly) the volume or value of any referrals by the referring 
physician or other business generated between the parties.
    (2) The remuneration is provided under an agreement that would be 
commercially reasonable even if the physician made no referrals.
    (3) There are no additional transactions between the parties for 6 
months after the isolated transaction, except for transactions that are 
specifically excepted under the other provisions in Sec. 411.355 
through Sec. 411.357 and except for commercially reasonable post-
closing adjustments that do not take into account (directly or 
indirectly) the volume or value of referrals or other business generated 
by the referring physician.
    (g) Certain arrangements with hospitals. Remuneration provided by a 
hospital to a physician if the remuneration does not relate, directly or 
indirectly, to the furnishing of DHS. To qualify as ``unrelated,'' 
remuneration must be wholly unrelated to the furnishing of DHS and must 
not in any way take into account the volume or value of a physician's 
referrals. Remuneration relates to the furnishing of DHS if it--
    (1) Is an item, service, or cost that could be allocated in whole or 
in part to Medicare or Medicaid under cost reporting principles;
    (2) Is furnished, directly or indirectly, explicitly or implicitly, 
in a selective, targeted, preferential, or conditioned manner to medical 
staff or other persons in a position to make or influence referrals; or
    (3) Otherwise takes into account the volume or value of referrals or 
other business generated by the referring physician.
    (h) Group practice arrangements with a hospital. An arrangement 
between a hospital and a group practice under which DHS are furnished by 
the group but are billed by the hospital if the following conditions are 
met:
    (1) With respect to services furnished to an inpatient of the 
hospital, the arrangement is pursuant to the provision of inpatient 
hospital services under section 1861(b)(3) of the Act.
    (2) The arrangement began before, and has continued in effect 
without interruption since, December 19, 1989.
    (3) With respect to the DHS covered under the arrangement, at least 
75 percent of these services furnished to patients of the hospital are 
furnished by the group under the arrangement.
    (4) The arrangement is in accordance with a written agreement that 
specifies the services to be furnished by the parties and the 
compensation for services furnished under the agreement.
    (5) The compensation paid over the term of the agreement is 
consistent with fair market value, and the compensation per unit of 
service is fixed in advance and is not determined in a manner that takes 
into account the volume or value of any referrals or other business 
generated between the parties.
    (6) The compensation is provided in accordance with an agreement 
that would be commercially reasonable even if no referrals were made to 
the entity.
    (i) Payments by a physician. Payments made by a physician (or his or 
her immediate family member)--

[[Page 442]]

    (1) To a laboratory in exchange for the provision of clinical 
laboratory services; or
    (2) To an entity as compensation for any other items or services 
that are furnished at a price that is consistent with fair market value, 
and that are not specifically excepted under another provision in Sec. 
411.355 through Sec. 411.357 (including, but not limited to, Sec. 
411.357(l)). ``Services'' in this context means services of any kind 
(not just those defined as ``services'' for purposes of the Medicare 
program in Sec. 400.202).
    (j) Charitable donations by a physician. Bona fide charitable 
donations made by a physician (or immediate family member) to an entity 
if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
    (1) The charitable donation is made to an organization exempt from 
taxation under the Internal Revenue Code (or to a supporting 
organization);
    (2) The donation is neither solicited, nor made, in any manner that 
takes into account the volume or value of referrals or other business 
generated between the physician and the entity; and
    (3) The donation arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback 
statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing billing or claims submission.
    (k) Non-monetary compensation up to $300. (1) Compensation from an 
entity in the form of items or services (not including cash or cash 
equivalents) that does not exceed an aggregate of $300 per year, if all 
of the following conditions are satisfied:
    (i) The compensation is not determined in any manner that takes into 
account the volume or value of referrals or other business generated by 
the referring physician.
    (ii) The compensation may not be solicited by the physician or the 
physician's practice (including employees and staff members).
    (iii) The compensation arrangement does not violate the anti-
kickback statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act) or any Federal or State 
law or regulation governing billing or claims submission.
    (2) The $300 limit in this paragraph (k) will be adjusted each 
calendar year to the nearest whole dollar by the increase in the 
Consumer Price Index-Urban All Items (CPI-U) for the 12-month period 
ending the preceding September 30. CMS intends to display as soon as 
possible after September 30 each year, both the increase in the CPI-U 
for the 12-month period and the new non-monetary compensation limit on 
the physician self-referral Web site: http://cms.hhs.gov/medlearn/
refphys.asp.
    (l) Fair market value compensation. Compensation resulting from an 
arrangement between an entity and a physician (or an immediate family 
member) or any group of physicians (regardless of whether the group 
meets the definition of a group practice set forth in Sec. 411.352) for 
the provision of items or services by the physician (or an immediate 
family member) or group of physicians to the entity, if the arrangement 
is set forth in an agreement that meets the following conditions:
    (1) The arrangement is in writing, signed by the parties, and covers 
only identifiable items or services, all of which are specified in the 
agreement.
    (2) The writing specifies the timeframe for the arrangement, which 
can be for any period of time and contain a termination clause, provided 
the parties enter into only one arrangement for the same items or 
services during the course of a year. An arrangement made for less than 
1 year may be renewed any number of times if the terms of the 
arrangement and the compensation for the same items or services do not 
change.
    (3) The writing specifies the compensation that will be provided 
under the arrangement. The compensation must be set in advance, 
consistent with fair market value, and not determined in a manner that 
takes into account the volume or value of referrals or other business 
generated by the referring physician.
    (4) The arrangement would be commercially reasonable (taking into 
account the nature and scope of the transaction) and furthers the 
legitimate business purposes of the parties.
    (5) It does not violate the anti-kickback statute (section 1128B(b) 
of the Act), or any Federal or State law or regulation governing billing 
or claims submission.

[[Page 443]]

    (6) The services to be performed under the arrangement do not 
involve the counseling or promotion of a business arrangement or other 
activity that violates a State or Federal law.
    (m) Medical staff incidental benefits. Compensation in the form of 
items or services (not including cash or cash equivalents) from a 
hospital to a member of its medical staff when the item or service is 
used on the hospital's campus, if all of the following conditions are 
met:
    (1) The compensation is provided to all members of the medical staff 
practicing in the same specialty (but not necessarily accepted by every 
member to whom it is offered) without regard to the volume or value of 
referrals or other business generated between the parties.
    (2) Except with respect to identification of medical staff on a 
hospital Web site or in hospital advertising, the compensation is 
provided only during periods when the medical staff members are making 
rounds or are engaged in other services or activities that benefit the 
hospital or its patients.
    (3) The compensation is provided by the hospital and used by the 
medical staff members only on the hospital's campus. Compensation, 
including, but not limited to, Internet access, pagers, or two-way 
radios, used away from the campus only to access hospital medical 
records or information or to access patients or personnel who are on the 
hospital campus, as well as the identification of the medical staff on a 
hospital Web site or in hospital advertising, will meet the ``on 
campus'' requirement of this paragraph (m).
    (4) The compensation is reasonably related to the provision of, or 
designed to facilitate directly or indirectly the delivery of, medical 
services at the hospital.
    (5) The compensation is of low value (that is, less than $25) with 
respect to each occurrence of the benefit (for example, each meal given 
to a physician while he or she is serving patients who are hospitalized 
must be of low value). The $25 limit in this paragraph (m)(5) will be 
adjusted each calendar year to the nearest whole dollar by the increase 
in the Consumer Price Index-Urban All Items (CPI-U) for the 12-month 
period ending the preceding September 30. CMS intends to display as soon 
as possible after September 30 each year both the increase in the CPI-U 
for the 12-month period and the new limits on the physician self-
referral Web site: http://cms.hhs.gov/medlearn/refphys.asp.
    (6) The compensation is not determined in any manner that takes into 
account the volume or value of referrals or other business generated 
between the parties.
    (7) The compensation arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback 
statute, (section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing billing or claims submission.
    (8) Other facilities and health care clinics (including, but not 
limited to, federally qualified health centers) that have bona fide 
medical staffs may provide compensation under this paragraph (m) on the 
same terms and conditions applied to hospitals under this paragraph (m).
    (n) Risk-sharing arrangements. Compensation pursuant to a risk-
sharing arrangement (including, but not limited to, withholds, bonuses, 
and risk pools) between a managed care organization or an independent 
physicians' association and a physician (either directly or indirectly 
through a subcontractor) for services provided to enrollees of a health 
plan, provided that the arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback 
statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing billing or claims submission. For purposes of this 
paragraph (n), ``health plan'' and ``enrollees'' have the meanings 
ascribed to those terms in Sec. 1001.952(l) of this title.
    (o) Compliance training. Compliance training provided by an entity 
to a physician (or to the physician's immediate family member or office 
staff) who practices in the entity's local community or service area, 
provided the training is held in the local community or service area. 
For purposes of this paragraph (o), ``compliance training''

[[Page 444]]

means training regarding the basic elements of a compliance program (for 
example, establishing policies and procedures, training of staff, 
internal monitoring, reporting); specific training regarding the 
requirements of Federal and State health care programs (for example, 
billing, coding, reasonable and necessary services, documentation, 
unlawful referral arrangements); or training regarding other Federal, 
State, or local laws, regulations, or rules governing the conduct of the 
party for whom the training is provided (but not including continuing 
medical education).
    (p) Indirect compensation arrangements. Indirect compensation 
arrangements, as defined in Sec. 411.354(c)(2), if all of the following 
conditions are satisfied:
    (1) The compensation received by the referring physician (or 
immediate family member) described in Sec. 411.354(c)(2)(ii) is fair 
market value for services and items actually provided and not determined 
in any manner that takes into account the value or volume of referrals 
or other business generated by the referring physician for the entity 
furnishing DHS.
    (2) The compensation arrangement described in Sec. 
411.354(c)(2)(ii) is set out in writing, signed by the parties, and 
specifies the services covered by the arrangement, except in the case of 
a bona fide employment relationship between an employer and an employee, 
in which case the arrangement need not be set out in a written contract, 
but must be for identifiable services and be commercially reasonable 
even if no referrals are made to the employer.
    (3) The compensation arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback 
statute (section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing billing or claims submission.
    (q) Referral services. Remuneration that meets all of the conditions 
set forth in Sec. 1001.952(f) of this title.
    (r) Obstetrical malpractice insurance subsidies. Remuneration to the 
referring physician that meets all of the conditions set forth in Sec. 
1001.952(o) of this title.
    (s) Professional courtesy. Professional courtesy (as defined in 
Sec. 411.351) offered by an entity to a physician or a physician's 
immediate family member or office staff if all of the following 
conditions are met:
    (1) The professional courtesy is offered to all physicians on the 
entity's bona fide medical staff or in the entity's local community or 
service area without regard to the volume or value of referrals or other 
business generated between the parties;
    (2) The health care items and services provided are of a type 
routinely provided by the entity;
    (3) The entity's professional courtesy policy is set out in writing 
and approved in advance by the entity's governing body;
    (4) The professional courtesy is not offered to a physician (or 
immediate family member) who is a Federal health care program 
beneficiary, unless there has been a good faith showing of financial 
need;
    (5) If the professional courtesy involves any whole or partial 
reduction of any coinsurance obligation, the insurer is informed in 
writing of the reduction; and
    (6) The arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback statute 
(section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or regulation 
governing billing or claims submission.
    (t) Retention payments in underserved areas. (1) Remuneration 
provided by a hospital or federally qualified health center directly to 
a physician on the hospital's or federally qualified health center's 
medical staff to retain the physician's medical practice in the 
geographic area served by the hospital or federally qualified health 
center (as defined in paragraph (e)(2) of this section), if all of the 
following conditions are met:
    (i) Paragraphs 411.357(e)(1)(i) through 411.357(e)(1)(iv) are 
satisfied;
    (ii) The geographic area served by the hospital or federally 
qualified health center is a HPSA (regardless of the physician's 
specialty) or is an area with demonstrated need for the physician as 
determined by the Secretary in an advisory opinion issued according to 
section 1877(g)(6) of the Act;
    (iii) The physician has a bona fide firm, written recruitment offer 
from a hospital or federally qualified health

[[Page 445]]

center that is not related to the hospital or the federally qualified 
health center making the payment, and the offer specifies the 
remuneration being offered and would require the physician to move the 
location of his or her practice at least 25 miles and outside of the 
geographic area served by the hospital or federally qualified health 
center making the retention payment;
    (iv) The retention payment is limited to the lower of--
    (A) The amount obtained by subtracting (1) the physician's current 
income from physician and related services from (2) the income the 
physician would receive from comparable physician and related services 
in the bona fide recruitment offer, provided that the respective incomes 
are determined using a reasonable and consistent methodology, and that 
they are calculated uniformly over no more than a 24-month period; or
    (B) The reasonable costs the hospital or federally qualified health 
center would otherwise have to expend to recruit a new physician to the 
geographic area served by the hospital or federally qualified health 
center in order to join the medical staff of the hospital or federally 
qualified health center to replace the retained physician;
    (v) Any retention payment is subject to the same obligations and 
restrictions, if any, on repayment or forgiveness of indebtedness as the 
bona fide recruitment offer;
    (vi) The hospital or federally qualified health center does not 
enter into a retention arrangement with a particular referring physician 
more frequently than once every 5 years and the amount and terms of the 
retention payment are not altered during the term of the arrangement in 
any manner that takes into account the volume or value of referrals or 
other business generated by the physician;
    (vii) The arrangement otherwise complies with all of the conditions 
of this section; and
    (viii) The arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback statute 
(section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or regulation 
governing billing or claims submission.
    (2) The Secretary may waive the relocation requirement of paragraph 
(t)(1) of this section for payments made to physicians practicing in a 
HPSA or an area with demonstrated need for the physician through an 
advisory opinion issued according to section 1877(g)(6) of the Act, if 
the retention payment arrangement otherwise complies with all of the 
conditions of this paragraph.
    (u) Community-wide health information systems. Items or services of 
information technology provided by an entity to a physician that allow 
access to, and sharing of, electronic health care records and any 
complementary drug information systems, general health information, 
medical alerts, and related information for patients served by community 
providers and practitioners, in order to enhance the community's overall 
health, provided that--
    (1) The items or services are available as necessary to enable the 
physician to participate in a community-wide health information system, 
are principally used by the physician as part of the community-wide 
health information system, and are not provided to the physician in any 
manner that takes into account the volume or value of referrals or other 
business generated by the physician;
    (2) The community-wide health information systems are available to 
all providers, practitioners, and residents of the community who desire 
to participate; and
    (3) The arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback statute, 
(section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or regulation 
governing billing or claims submission.

    Effective Date Note: At 71 FR 45169, Aug. 8, 2006, Sec. 411.357 was 
amended by adding paragraphs (v) and (w), effective October 10, 2006. 
For the convenience of the user, the added text is set forth as follows:



Sec. 411.357  Exceptions to the referral prohibition related to 

compensation arrangements.

                                * * * * *

    (v) Electronic prescribing items and services. Nonmonetary 
remuneration (consisting of items and services in the form of hardware, 
software, or information technology and training services) necessary and 
used solely

[[Page 446]]

to receive and transmit electronic prescription information, if all of 
the following conditions are met:
    (1) The items and services are provided by a--
    (i) Hospital to a physician who is a member of its medical staff;
    (ii) Group practice (as defined at Sec. 411.352) to a physician who 
is a member of the group (as defined at Sec. 411.351); or
    (iii) PDP sponsor or MA organization to a prescribing physician.
    (2) The items and services are provided as part of, or are used to 
access, an electronic prescription drug program that meets the 
applicable standards under Medicare Part D at the time the items and 
services are provided.
    (3) The donor (or any person on the donor's behalf) does not take 
any action to limit or restrict the use or compatibility of the items or 
services with other electronic prescribing or electronic health records 
systems.
    (4) For items or services that are of the type that can be used for 
any patient without regard to payor status, the donor does not restrict, 
or take any action to limit, the physician's right or ability to use the 
items or services for any patient.
    (5) Neither the physician nor the physician's practice (including 
employees and staff members) makes the receipt of items or services, or 
the amount or nature of the items or services, a condition of doing 
business with the donor.
    (6) Neither the eligibility of a physician for the items or 
services, nor the amount or nature of the items or services, is 
determined in a manner that takes into account the volume or value of 
referrals or other business generated between the parties.
    (7) The arrangement is set forth in a written agreement that--
    (i) Is signed by the parties;
    (ii) Specifies the items and services being provided and the donor's 
cost of the items and services; and
    (iii) Covers all of the electronic prescribing items and services to 
be provided by the donor. This requirement will be met if all separate 
agreements between the donor and the physician (and the donor and any 
family members of the physician) incorporate each other by reference or 
if they cross-reference a master list of agreements that is maintained 
and updated centrally and is available for review by the Secretary upon 
request. The master list should be maintained in a manner that preserves 
the historical record of agreements.
    (8) The donor does not have actual knowledge of, and does not act in 
reckless disregard or deliberate ignorance of, the fact that the 
physician possesses or has obtained items or services equivalent to 
those provided by the donor.
    (w) Electronic health records items and services. Nonmonetary 
remuneration (consisting of items and services in the form of software 
or information technology and training services) necessary and used 
predominantly to create, maintain, transmit, or receive electronic 
health records, if all of the following conditions are met:
    (1) The items and services are provided by an entity (as defined at 
Sec. 411.351) to a physician.
    (2) The software is interoperable (as defined at Sec. 411.351) at 
the time it is provided to the physician. For purposes of this 
paragraph, software is deemed to be interoperable if a certifying body 
recognized by the Secretary has certified the software no more than 12 
months prior to the date it is provided to the physician.
    (3) The donor (or any person on the donor's behalf) does not take 
any action to limit or restrict the use, compatibility or 
interoperability of the items or services with other electronic 
prescribing or electronic health records systems.
    (4) Before receipt of the items and services, the physician pays 15 
percent of the donor's cost for the items and services. The donor (or 
any party related to the donor) does not finance the physician's payment 
or loan funds to be used by the physician to pay for the items and 
services.
    (5) Neither the physician nor the physician's practice (including 
employees and staff members) makes the receipt of items or services, or 
the amount or nature of the items or services, a condition of doing 
business with the donor.
    (6) Neither the eligibility of a physician for the items or 
services, nor the amount or nature of the items or services, is 
determined in a manner that directly takes into account the volume or 
value of referrals or other business generated between the parties. For 
purposes of this paragraph, the determination is deemed not to directly 
take into account the volume or value of referrals or other business 
generated between the parties if any one of the following conditions is 
met:
    (i) The determination is based on the total number of prescriptions 
written by the physician (but not the volume or value of prescriptions 
dispensed or paid by the donor or billed to the program);
    (ii) The determination is based on the size of the physician's 
medical practice (for example, total patients, total patient encounters, 
or total relative value units);
    (iii) The determination is based on the total number of hours that 
the physician practices medicine;
    (iv) The determination is based on the physician's overall use of 
automated technology in his or her medical practice (without specific 
reference to the use of technology in connection with referrals made to 
the donor);

[[Page 447]]

    (v) The determination is based on whether the physician is a member 
of the donor's medical staff, if the donor has a formal medical staff;
    (vi) The determination is based on the level of uncompensated care 
provided by the physician; or
    (vii) The determination is made in any reasonable and verifiable 
manner that does not directly take into account the volume or value of 
referrals or other business generated between the parties.
    (7) The arrangement is set forth in a written agreement that--
    (i) Is signed by the parties;
    (ii) Specifies the items and services being provided, the donor's 
cost of the items and services, and the amount of the physician's 
contribution; and
    (iii) Covers all of the electronic health records items and services 
to be provided by the donor. This requirement will be met if all 
separate agreements between the donor and the physician (and the donor 
and any family members of the physician) incorporate each other by 
reference or if they cross-reference a master list of agreements that is 
maintained and updated centrally and is available for review by the 
Secretary upon request. The master list should be maintained in a manner 
that preserves the historical record of agreements.
    (8) The donor does not have actual knowledge of, and does not act in 
reckless disregard or deliberate ignorance of, the fact that the 
physician possesses or has obtained items or services equivalent to 
those provided by the donor.
    (9) For items or services that are of the type that can be used for 
any patient without regard to payor status, the donor does not restrict, 
or take any action to limit, the physician's right or ability to use the 
items or services for any patient.
    (10) The items and services do not include staffing of physician 
offices and are not used primarily to conduct personal business or 
business unrelated to the physician's medical practice.
    (11) The electronic health records software contains electronic 
prescribing capability, either through an electronic prescribing 
component or the ability to interface with the physician's existing 
electronic prescribing system that meets the applicable standards under 
Medicare Part D at the time the items and services are provided.
    (12) The arrangement does not violate the anti-kickback statute 
(section 1128B(b) of the Act), or any Federal or State law or regulation 
governing billing or claims submission.
    (13) The transfer of the items or services occurs and all conditions 
in this paragraph (w) are satisfied on or before December 31, 2013.



Sec. 411.361  Reporting requirements.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 
all entities furnishing services for which payment may be made under 
Medicare must submit information to CMS or to the Office of Inspector 
General (OIG) concerning their reportable financial relationships (as 
defined in paragraph (d) of this section), in the form, manner, and at 
the times that CMS or OIG specifies.
    (b) Exception. The requirements of paragraph (a) of this section do 
not apply to entities that furnish 20 or fewer Part A and Part B 
services during a calendar year, or to any Medicare covered services 
furnished outside the United States.
    (c) Required information. The information requested by CMS or OIG 
can include the following:
    (1) The name and unique physician identification number (UPIN) of 
each physician who has a reportable financial relationship with the 
entity.
    (2) The name and UPIN of each physician who has an immediate family 
member (as defined in Sec. 411.351) who has a reportable financial 
relationship with the entity.
    (3) The covered services furnished by the entity.
    (4) With respect to each physician identified under paragraphs 
(c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section, the nature of the financial 
relationship (including the extent and/or value of the ownership or 
investment interest or the compensation arrangement) as evidenced in 
records that the entity knows or should know about in the course of 
prudently conducting business, including, but not limited to, records 
that the entity is already required to retain to comply with the rules 
of the Internal Revenue Service and the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and other rules of the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
    (d) Reportable financial relationships. For purposes of this 
section, a reportable financial relationship is any ownership or 
investment interest, as defined in Sec. 411.354(b) or any compensation 
arrangement, as defined in Sec. 411.354(c), except for ownership or 
investment interests that satisfy the exceptions set forth in Sec. 
411.356(a) or

[[Page 448]]

Sec. 411.356(b) regarding publicly-traded securities and mutual funds.
    (e) Form and timing of reports. Entities that are subject to the 
requirements of this section must submit the required information, upon 
request, within the time period specified by the request. Entities are 
given at least 30 days from the date of the request to provide the 
information. Entities must retain the information, and documentation 
sufficient to verify the information, for the length of time specified 
by the applicable regulatory requirements for the information, and, upon 
request, must make that information and documentation available to CMS 
or OIG.
    (f) Consequences of failure to report. Any person who is required, 
but fails, to submit information concerning his or her financial 
relationships in accordance with this section is subject to a civil 
money penalty of up to $10,000 for each day following the deadline 
established under paragraph (e) of this section until the information is 
submitted. Assessment of these penalties will comply with the applicable 
provisions of part 1003 of this title.
    (g) Public disclosure. Information furnished to CMS or OIG under 
this section is subject to public disclosure in accordance with the 
provisions of part 401 of this chapter.



Sec. 411.370  Advisory opinions relating to physician referrals.

    (a) Period during which CMS will accept requests. The provisions of 
Sec. 411.370 through Sec. 411.389 apply to requests for advisory 
opinions that are submitted to CMS after November 3, 1997, and before 
August 21, 2000, and to any requests submitted during any other time 
period during which CMS is required by law to issue the advisory 
opinions described in this subpart.
    (b) Matters that qualify for advisory opinions and who may request 
one. Any individual or entity may request a written advisory opinion 
from CMS concerning whether a physician's referral relating to 
designated health services (other than clinical laboratory services) is 
prohibited under section 1877 of the Act. In the advisory opinion, CMS 
determines whether a business arrangement described by the parties to 
that arrangement appears to constitute a ``financial relationship'' (as 
defined in section 1877(a)(2) of the Act) that could potentially 
restrict a physician's referrals, and whether the arrangement or the 
designated health services at issue appear to qualify for any of the 
exceptions to the referral prohibition described in section 1877 of the 
Act.
    (1) The request must involve an existing arrangement or one into 
which the requestor, in good faith, specifically plans to enter. The 
planned arrangement may be contingent upon the party or parties 
receiving a favorable advisory opinion. CMS does not consider, for 
purposes of an advisory opinion, requests that present a general 
question of interpretation, pose a hypothetical situation, or involve 
the activities of third parties.
    (2) The requestor must be a party to the existing or proposed 
arrangement.
    (c) Matters not subject to advisory opinions. CMS does not address 
through the advisory opinion process--
    (1) Whether the fair market value was, or will be, paid or received 
for any goods, services, or property; and
    (2) Whether an individual is a bona fide employee within the 
requirements of section 3121(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    (d) Facts subject to advisory opinions. CMS considers requests for 
advisory opinions that involve applying specific facts to the subject 
matter described in paragraph (b) of this section. Requestors must 
include in the advisory opinion request a complete description of the 
arrangement that the requestor is undertaking, or plans to undertake, as 
described in Sec. 411.372.
    (e) Requests that will not be accepted. CMS does not accept an 
advisory opinion request or issue an advisory opinion if--
    (1) The request is not related to a named individual or entity;
    (2) CMS is aware that the same, or substantially the same, course of 
action is under investigation, or is or has been the subject of a 
proceeding involving the Department of Health and Human Services or 
another governmental agency; or
    (3) CMS believes that it cannot make an informed opinion or could 
only

[[Page 449]]

make an informed opinion after extensive investigation, clinical study, 
testing, or collateral inquiry.
    (f) Effects of an advisory opinion on other Governmental authority. 
Nothing in this part limits the investigatory or prosecutorial authority 
of the OIG, the Department of Justice, or any other agency of the 
Government. In addition, in connection with any request for an advisory 
opinion, CMS, the OIG, or the Department of Justice may conduct whatever 
independent investigation it believes appropriate.

[69 FR 57227, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.372  Procedure for submitting a request.

    (a) Format for a request. A party or parties must submit a request 
for an advisory opinion to CMS in writing, including an original request 
and 2 copies. The request must be addressed to: Centers for Medicare & 
Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Office of 
Financial Management, Division of Premium Billing and Collections, Mail 
Stop C3-09-27, Attention: Advisory Opinions, 7500 Security Boulevard, 
Baltimore, MD 21244-1850.
    (b) Information CMS requires with all submissions. The request must 
include the following:
    (1) The name, address, telephone number, and Taxpayer Identification 
Number of the requestor.
    (2) The names and addresses, to the extent known, of all other 
actual and potential parties to the arrangement that is the subject of 
the request.
    (3) The name, title, address, and daytime telephone number of a 
contact person who will be available to discuss the request with CMS on 
behalf of the requestor.
    (4) A complete and specific description of all relevant information 
bearing on the arrangement, including--
    (i) A complete description of the arrangement that the requestor is 
undertaking, or plans to undertake, including: the purpose of the 
arrangement; the nature of each party's (including each entity's) 
contribution to the arrangement; the direct or indirect relationships 
between the parties, with an emphasis on the relationships between 
physicians involved in the arrangement (or their immediate family 
members who are involved) and any entities that provide designated 
health services; the types of services for which a physician wishes to 
refer, and whether the referrals will involve Medicare or Medicaid 
patients;
    (ii) Complete copies of all relevant documents or relevant portions 
of documents that affect or could affect the arrangement, such as 
personal services or employment contracts, leases, deeds, pension or 
insurance plans, financial statements, or stock certificates (or, if 
these relevant documents do not yet exist, a complete description, to 
the best of the requestor's knowledge, of what these documents are 
likely to contain);
    (iii) Detailed statements of all collateral or oral understandings, 
if any; and
    (iv) Descriptions of any other arrangements or relationships that 
could affect CMS's analysis.
    (5) Complete information on the identity of all entities involved 
either directly or indirectly in the arrangement, including their names, 
addresses, legal form, ownership structure, nature of the business 
(products and services) and, if relevant, their Medicare and Medicaid 
provider numbers. The requestor must also include a brief description of 
any other entities that could affect the outcome of the opinion, 
including those with which the requestor, the other parties, or the 
immediate family members of involved physicians, have any financial 
relationships (either direct or indirect, and as defined in section 
1877(a)(2) of the Act and Sec. 411.351), or in which any of the parties 
holds an ownership or control interest as defined in section 1124(a)(3) 
of the Act.
    (6) A discussion of the specific issues or questions the requestor 
would like CMS to address including, if possible, a description of why 
the requestor believes the referral prohibition in section 1877 of the 
Act might or might not be triggered by the arrangement and which, if 
any, exceptions to the prohibition the requestor believes might apply. 
The requestor should attempt to designate which facts are relevant to 
each issue or question raised in the request and should cite the 
provisions of law under which each issue or question arises.

[[Page 450]]

    (7) An indication of whether the parties involved in the request 
have also asked for or are planning to ask for an advisory opinion on 
the arrangement in question from the OIG under section 1128D(b) of the 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7d(b)) and whether the arrangement is or is not, to 
the best of the requestor's knowledge, the subject of an investigation.
    (8) The certification(s) described in Sec. 411.373. The 
certification(s) must be signed by--
    (i) The requestor, if the requestor is an individual;
    (ii) The chief executive officer, or comparable officer, of the 
requestor, if the requestor is a corporation;
    (iii) The managing partner of the requestor, if the requestor is a 
partnership; or
    (iv) A managing member, if the requestor is a limited liability 
company.
    (9) A check or money order payable to CMS in the amount described in 
Sec. 411.375(a).
    (c) Additional information CMS might require. If the request does 
not contain all of the information required by paragraph (b) of this 
section, or, if either before or after accepting the request, CMS 
believes it needs more information in order to render an advisory 
opinion, it may request whatever additional information or documents it 
deems necessary. Additional information must be provided in writing, 
signed by the same person who signed the initial request (or by an 
individual in a comparable position), and be certified as described in 
Sec. 411.373.

[69 FR 57227, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.373  Certification.

    (a) Every request must include the following signed certification: 
``With knowledge of the penalties for false statements provided by 18 
U.S.C. 1001 and with knowledge that this request for an advisory opinion 
is being submitted to the Department of Health and Human Services, I 
certify that all of the information provided is true and correct, and 
constitutes a complete description of the facts regarding which an 
advisory opinion is sought, to the best of my knowledge and belief.''
    (b) If the advisory opinion relates to a proposed arrangement, in 
addition to the certification required by paragraph (a) of this section, 
the following certification must be included and signed by the 
requestor: ``The arrangement described in this request for an advisory 
opinion is one into which [the requestor], in good faith, plans to 
enter.'' This statement may be made contingent on a favorable advisory 
opinion, in which case the requestor should add one of the following 
phrases to the certification:
    (1) ``if CMS issues a favorable advisory opinion.''
    (2) ``if CMS and the OIG issue favorable advisory opinions.''

[69 FR 57227, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.375  Fees for the cost of advisory opinions.

    (a) Initial payment. Parties must include with each request for an 
advisory opinion submitted through December 31, 1998, a check or money 
order payable to CMS for $250. For requests submitted after this date, 
parties must include a check or money order in this amount, unless CMS 
has revised the amount of the initial fee in a program issuance, in 
which case, the requestor must include the revised amount. This initial 
payment is nonrefundable.
    (b) How costs are calculated. Before issuing the advisory opinion, 
CMS calculates the costs the Department has incurred in responding to 
the request. The calculation includes the costs of salaries, benefits, 
and overhead for analysts, attorneys, and others who have worked on the 
request, as well as administrative and supervisory support for these 
individuals.
    (c) Agreement to pay all costs. (1) By submitting the request for an 
advisory opinion, the requestor agrees, except as indicated in paragraph 
(c)(3) of this section, to pay all costs the Department incurs in 
responding to the request for an advisory opinion.
    (2) In its request for an advisory opinion, the requestor may 
designate a triggering dollar amount. If CMS estimates that the costs of 
processing the advisory opinion request have reached or are likely to 
exceed the designated triggering dollar amount, CMS notifies the 
requestor.

[[Page 451]]

    (3) If CMS notifies the requestor that the actual or estimated cost 
of processing the request has reached or is likely to exceed the 
triggering dollar amount, CMS stops processing the request until the 
requestor makes a written request for CMS to continue. If CMS is delayed 
in processing the request for an advisory opinion because of this 
procedure, the time within which CMS must issue an advisory opinion is 
suspended until the requestor asks CMS to continue working on the 
request.
    (4) If the requestor chooses not to pay for CMS to complete an 
advisory opinion, or withdraws the request, the requestor is still 
obligated to pay for all costs CMS has identified as costs it incurred 
in processing the request for an advisory opinion, up to that point.
    (5) If the costs CMS has incurred in responding to the request are 
greater than the amount the requestor has paid, CMS, before issuing the 
advisory opinion, notifies the requestor of any additional amount that 
is due. CMS does not issue an advisory opinion until the requestor has 
paid the full amount that is owed. Once the requestor has paid CMS the 
total amount due for the costs of processing the request, CMS issues the 
advisory opinion. The time period CMS has for issuing advisory opinions 
is suspended from the time CMS notifies the requestor of the amount owed 
until the time CMS receives full payment.
    (d) Fees for outside experts. (1) In addition to the fees identified 
in this section, the requestor also must pay any required fees for 
expert opinions, if any, from outside sources, as described in Sec. 
411.377.
    (2) The time period for issuing an advisory opinion is suspended 
from the time that CMS notifies the requestor that it needs an outside 
expert opinion until the time CMS receives that opinion.

[69 FR 57228, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.377  Expert opinions from outside sources.

    (a) CMS may request expert advice from qualified sources if CMS 
believes that the advice is necessary to respond to a request for an 
advisory opinion. For example, CMS may require the use of accountants or 
business experts to assess the structure of a complex business 
arrangement or to ascertain a physician's or immediate family member's 
financial relationship with entities that provide designated health 
services.
    (b) If CMS determines that it needs to obtain expert advice in order 
to issue a requested advisory opinion, CMS notifies the requestor of 
that fact and provides the identity of the appropriate expert and an 
estimate of the costs of the expert advice. As indicated in Sec. 
411.375(d), the requestor must pay the estimated cost of the expert 
advice.
    (c) Once CMS has received payment for the estimated cost of the 
expert advice, CMS arranges for the expert to provide a prompt review of 
the issue or issues in question. CMS considers any additional expenses 
for the expert advice, beyond the estimated amount, as part of the costs 
CMS has incurred in responding to the request, and the responsibility of 
the requestor, as described in Sec. 411.375(c).

[69 FR 57229, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.378  Withdrawing a request.

    The party requesting an advisory opinion may withdraw the request 
before CMS issues a formal advisory opinion. This party must submit the 
withdrawal in writing to the same address as the request, as indicated 
in Sec. 411.372(a). Even if the party withdraws the request, the party 
must pay the costs the Department has expended in processing the 
request, as discussed in Sec. 411.375. CMS reserves the right to keep 
any request for an advisory opinion and any accompanying documents and 
information, and to use them for any governmental purposes permitted by 
law.

[69 FR 57229, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.379  When CMS accepts a request.

    (a) Upon receiving a request for an advisory opinion, CMS promptly 
makes an initial determination of whether the request includes all of 
the information it will need to process the request.
    (b) Within 15 working days of receiving the request, CMS--
    (1) Formally accepts the request for an advisory opinion;

[[Page 452]]

    (2) Notifies the requestor about the additional information it 
needs; or
    (3) Declines to formally accept the request.
    (c) If the requestor provides the additional information CMS has 
requested, or otherwise resubmits the request, CMS processes the 
resubmission in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section 
as if it were an initial request for an advisory opinion.
    (d) Upon accepting the request, CMS notifies the requestor by 
regular U.S. mail of the date that CMS formally accepted the request.
    (e) The 90-day period that CMS has to issue an advisory opinion set 
forth in Sec. 411.380(c) does not begin until CMS has formally accepted 
the request for an advisory opinion.

[69 FR 57229, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.380  When CMS issues a formal advisory opinion.

    (a) CMS considers an advisory opinion to be issued once it has 
received payment and once the opinion has been dated, numbered, and 
signed by an authorized CMS official.
    (b) An advisory opinion contains a description of the material facts 
known to CMS that relate to the arrangement that is the subject of the 
advisory opinion, and states CMS's opinion about the subject matter of 
the request based on those facts. If necessary, CMS includes in the 
advisory opinion material facts that could be considered confidential 
information or trade secrets within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 1095.
    (c)(1) CMS issues an advisory opinion, in accordance with the 
provisions of this part, within 90 days after it has formally accepted 
the request for an advisory opinion, or, for requests that CMS 
determines, in its discretion, involve complex legal issues or highly 
complicated fact patterns, within a reasonable time period.
    (2) If the 90th day falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, 
the time period ends at the close of the first business day following 
the weekend or holiday;
    (3) The 90-day period is suspended from the time CMS'
    (i) Notifies the requestor that the costs have reached or are likely 
to exceed the triggering amount as described in Sec. 411.375(c)(2) 
until CMS receives written notice from the requestor to continue 
processing the request;
    (ii) Requests additional information from the requestor until CMS 
receives the additional information;
    (iii) Notifies the requestor of the full amount due until CMS 
receives payment of this amount; and
    (iv) Notifies the requestor of the need for expert advice until CMS 
receives the expert advice.
    (d) After CMS has notified the requestor of the full amount owed and 
has received full payment of that amount, CMS issues the advisory 
opinion and promptly mails it to the requestor by regular first class 
U.S. mail.

[69 FR 57229, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.382  CMS's right to rescind advisory opinions.

    Any advice CMS gives in an opinion does not prejudice its right to 
reconsider the questions involved in the opinion and, if it determines 
that it is in the public interest, to rescind or revoke the opinion. CMS 
provides notice to the requestor of its decision to rescind or revoke 
the opinion so that the requestor and the parties involved in the 
requestor's arrangement may discontinue any course of action they have 
taken in accordance with the advisory opinion. CMS does not proceed 
against the requestor with respect to any action the requestor and the 
involved parties have taken in good faith reliance upon CMS's advice 
under this part, provided--
    (a) The requestor presented to CMS a full, complete and accurate 
description of all the relevant facts; and
    (b) The parties promptly discontinue the action upon receiving 
notice that CMS had rescinded or revoked its approval, or discontinue 
the action within a reasonable ``wind down'' period, as determined by 
CMS.

[69 FR 57229, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.384  Disclosing advisory opinions and supporting information.

    (a) Advisory opinions that CMS issues and releases in accordance 
with the procedures set forth in this subpart are available to the 
public.

[[Page 453]]

    (b) Promptly after CMS issues an advisory opinion and releases it to 
the requestor, CMS makes available a copy of the advisory opinion for 
public inspection during its normal hours of operation and on the DHHS/
CMS Web site.
    (c) Any predecisional document, or part of such predecisional 
document, that is prepared by CMS, the Department of Justice, or any 
other Department or agency of the United States in connection with an 
advisory opinion request under the procedures set forth in this part is 
exempt from disclosure under 5 U.S.C. 552, and will not be made publicly 
available.
    (d) Documents submitted by the requestor to CMS in connection with a 
request for an advisory opinion are available to the public to the 
extent they are required to be made available by 5 U.S.C. 552, through 
procedures set forth in 45 CFR part 5.
    (e) Nothing in this section limits CMS's obligation, under 
applicable laws, to publicly disclose the identity of the requesting 
party or parties, and the nature of the action CMS has taken in response 
to the request.

[69 FR 57230, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.386  CMS's advisory opinions as exclusive.

    The procedures described in this subpart constitute the only method 
by which any individuals or entities can obtain a binding advisory 
opinion on the subject of a physician's referrals, as described in Sec. 
411.370. CMS has not and does not issue a binding advisory opinion on 
the subject matter in Sec. 411.370, in either oral or written form, 
except through written opinions it issues in accordance with this 
subpart.

[69 FR 57230, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.387  Parties affected by advisory opinions.

    An advisory opinion issued by CMS does not apply in any way to any 
individual or entity that does not join in the request for the opinion. 
Individuals or entities other than the requestor(s) may not rely on an 
advisory opinion.

[69 FR 57230, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.388  When advisory opinions are not admissible evidence.

    The failure of a party to seek or to receive an advisory opinion may 
not be introduced into evidence to prove that the party either intended 
or did not intend to violate the provisions of sections 1128, 1128A or 
1128B of the Act.

[69 FR 57230, Sept. 24, 2004]



Sec. 411.389  Range of the advisory opinion.

    (a) An advisory opinion states only CMS's opinion regarding the 
subject matter of the request. If the subject of an advisory opinion is 
an arrangement that must be approved by or is regulated by any other 
agency, CMS's advisory opinion cannot be read to indicate CMS's views on 
the legal or factual issues that may be raised before that agency.
    (b) An advisory opinion that CMS issues under this part does not 
bind or obligate any agency other than the Department. It does not 
affect the requestor's, or anyone else's, obligations to any other 
agency, or under any statutory or regulatory provision other than that 
which is the specific subject matter of the advisory opinion.

[69 FR 57230, Sept. 24, 2004]



             Subpart K_Payment for Certain Excluded Services



Sec. 411.400  Payment for custodial care and services not reasonable and 
necessary.

    (a) Conditions for payment. Notwithstanding the exclusions set forth 
in Sec. 411.15 (g) and (k). Medicare pays for ``custodial care'' and 
``services not reasonable and necessary'' if the following conditions 
are met:
    (1) The services were funished by a provider or by a practitioner or 
supplier that had accepted assignment of benefits for those services.
    (2) Neither the beneficiary nor the provider, practitioner, or 
supplier knew, or could reasonably have been expected to know, that the 
services were excluded from coverage under Sec. 411.15 (g) or (k).
    (b) Time limits on payment--(1) Basic rule. Except as provided in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, payment may not

[[Page 454]]

be made for inpatient hospital care, posthospital SNF care, or home 
health services furnished after the earlier of the following:
    (i) The day on which the beneficiary has been determined, under 
Sec. 411.404, to have knowledge, actual or imputed, that the services 
were excluded from coverage by reason of Sec. 411.15(g) or Sec. 
411.15(k).
    (ii) The day on which the provider has been determined, under Sec. 
411.406 to have knowledge, actual or imputed, that the services are 
excluded from coverage by reason of Sec. 411.15(g) or Sec. 411.15(k).
    (2) Exception. Payment may be made for services furnished during the 
first day after the limit established in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section, if the QIO or the intermediary determines that the additional 
period of one day is necessary for planning post-discharge care. It the 
QIO or the intermediary determines that yet another day is necessary for 
planning post-discharge care, payment may be made for services furnished 
during the second day after the limit established in paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section.



Sec. 411.402  Indemnification of beneficiary.

    (a) Conditions for indemnification. If Medicare payment is precluded 
because the conditions of Sec. 411.400(a)(2) are not met. Medicare 
indemnifies the beneficiary (and recovers from the provider, 
practitioner, or supplier), if the following conditions are met:
    (1) The beneficiary paid the provider, practitioner, or supplier 
some or all of the charges for the excluded services.
    (2) The beneficiary did not know and could not reasonably have been 
expected to know that the services were not covered.
    (3) The provider, practitioner, or supplier knew, or could 
reasonably have been expected to know that the services were not 
covered.
    (4) The beneficiary files a proper request for indemnification 
before the end of the sixth month after whichever of the following is 
later:
    (i) The month is which the beneficiary paid the provider, 
practitioner, or supplier.
    (ii) The month in which the intermediary or carrier notified the 
beneficiary (or someone on his or her behalf) that the beneficiary would 
not be liable for the services.

For good cause shown by the beneficiary, the 6-month period may be 
extended.
    (b) Amount of indemnification. \1\ The amount of indemnification is 
the total that the beneficiary paid the provider, practitioner, or 
supplier.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ For services furnished before 1988, the indemnification amount 
was reduced by any deductible or coinsurance amounts that would have 
been applied if the services had been covered.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Effect of indemnification. The amount of indemnification is 
considered an overpayment to the provider, practitioner, or supplier, 
and as such is recoverable under this part or in accordance with other 
applicable provisions of law.



Sec. 411.404  Criteria for determining that a beneficiary knew that services 

were excluded from coverage as custodial care or as not reasonable and 

necessary.

    (a) Basic rule. A beneficiary who receives services that constitute 
custodial care under Sec. 411.15(g) or that are not reasonable and 
necessary under Sec. 411.15(k), is considered to have known that the 
services were not covered if the criteria of paragraphs (b) and (c) of 
this section are met.
    (b) Written notice. (1) Written notice is given to the beneficiary, 
or to someone acting on his or her behalf, that the services were not 
covered because they did not meet Medicare coverage guidelines.
    (2) A notice concerning similar or reasonably comparable services 
furnished on a previous occasion also meets this criterion.
    (3) After a beneficiary is notified that there is no Medicare 
payment for a service that is not covered by Medicare, he or she is 
presumed to know that there is no Medicare payment for any form of 
subsequent treatment for the non-covered condition.
    (c) Source of notice. The notice was given by one of the following:
    (1) The QIO, intermediary, or carrier.

[[Page 455]]

    (2) The group or committee responsible for utilization review for 
the provider that furnished the services.
    (3) The provider, practitioner, or supplier that furnished the 
service.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 69 FR 66423, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 411.406  Criteria for determining that a provider, practitioner, or 

supplier knew that services were excluded from coverage as custodial care or 

as not reasonable and necessary.

    (a) Basic rule. A provider, practitioner, or supplier that furnished 
services which constitute custodial care under Sec. 411.15(g) or that 
are not reasonable and necessary under Sec. 411.15(k) is considered to 
have known that the services were not covered if any one of the 
conditions specified in paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section is 
met.
    (b) Notice from the QIO, intermediary or carrier. The QIO, 
intermediary, or carrier had informed the provider, practitioner, or 
supplier that the services furnished were not covered, or that similar 
or reasonably comparable services were not covered.
    (c) Notice from the utilization review committee or the 
beneficiary's attending phyician. The utilization review group or 
committee for the provider or the beneficiary's attending physician had 
informed the provider that these services were not covered.
    (d) Notice from the provider, practitioner, or supplier to the 
beneficiary. Before the services were furnished, the provider, 
practitioner or supplier informed the beneficiary that--
    (1) The services were not covered; or
    (2) The beneficiary no longer needed covered services.
    (e) Knowledge based on experience, actual notice, or constructive 
notice. It is clear that the provider, practitioner, or supplier could 
have been expected to have known that the services were excluded from 
coverage on the basis of the following:
    (1) Its receipt of CMS notices, including manual issuances, 
bulletins, or other written guides or directives from intermediaries, 
carriers, or QIOs, including notification of QIO screening criteria 
specific to the condition of the beneficiary for whom the furnished 
services are at issue and of medical procedures subject to preadmission 
review by a QIO.
    (2) Federal Register publications containing notice of national 
coverage decisions or of other specifications regarding noncoverage of 
an item or service.
    (3) Its knowledge of what are considered acceptable standards of 
practice by the local medical community.

[54 FR 41734, Oct. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 48425, Sept. 19, 1995]



Sec. 411.408  Refunds of amounts collected for physician services not 

reasonable and necessary, payment not accepted on an assignment-related basis.

    (a) Basic rule. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, 
a physician who furnishes a beneficiary services for which the physician 
does not undertake to claim payment on an assignment-related basis must 
refund any amounts collected from the beneficiary for services otherwise 
covered if Medicare payment is denied because the services are found to 
be not reasonable and necessary under Sec. 411.15(k).
    (b) Time limits for making refunds. A timely refund of any 
incorrectly collected amounts of money must be made to the beneficiary 
to whom the services were furnished. A refund is timely if--
    (1) A physician who does not request a review within 30 days after 
receipt of the denial notice makes the refund within that time period; 
or
    (2) A physician who files a request for review within 30 days after 
receipt of the denial notice makes the refund within 15 days after 
receiving notice of an initial adverse review determination, whether or 
not the physician further appeals the initial adverse review 
determination.
    (c) Notices and appeals. If payment is denied for nonassignment-
related claims because the services are found to be not reasonable and 
necessary, a notice of denial will be sent to both the physician and the 
beneficiary. The physician who does not accept assignment will have the 
same rights as a physician who submits claims on an assignment-related 
basis, as detailed in subpart H of part 405 and subpart B of part 473, 
to appeal the determination, and

[[Page 456]]

will be subject to the same time limitations.
    (d) When a refund is not required. A refund of any amounts collected 
for services not reasonable and necessary is not required if--
    (1) The physician did not know, and could not reasonably have been 
expected to know, that Medicare would not pay for the service; or
    (2) Before the service was provided--
    (i) The physician informed the beneficiary, or someone acting on the 
beneficiary's behalf, in writing that the physician believed Medicare 
was likely to deny payment for the specific service; and
    (ii) The beneficiary (or someone eligible to sign for the 
beneficiary under Sec. 424.36(b) of this chapter) signed a statement 
agreeing to pay for that service.
    (e) Criteria for determining that a physician knew that services 
were excluded as not reasonable and necessary. A physician will be 
determined to have known that furnished services were excluded from 
coverage as not reasonable and necessary if one or more of the 
conditions in Sec. 411.406 of this subpart are met.
    (f) Acceptable evidence of prior notice to a beneficiary that 
Medicare was likely to deny payment for a particular service. To qualify 
for waiver of the refund requirement under paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section, the physician must inform the beneficiary (or person acting on 
his or her behalf) that the physician believes Medicare is likely to 
deny payment.
    (1) The notice must--
    (i) Be in writing, using approved notice language;
    (ii) Cite the particular service or services for which payment is 
likely to be denied; and
    (iii) Cite the physician's reasons for believing Medicare payment 
will be denied.
    (2) The notice is not acceptable evidence if--
    (i) The physician routinely gives this notice to all beneficiaries 
for whom he or she furnishes services; or
    (ii) The notice is no more than a statement to the effect that there 
is a possibility that Medicare may not pay for the service.
    (g) Applicability of sanctions to physicians who fail to make 
refunds under this section. A physician who knowingly and willfully 
fails to make refunds as required by this section may be subject to 
sanctions as provided for in chapter V, parts 1001, 1002, and 1003 of 
this title.

[55 FR 24568, June 18, 1990; 55 FR 35142, 35143, Aug. 28, 1990]



PART 412_PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEMS FOR INPATIENT HOSPITAL SERVICES--Table of Contents




                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
412.1 Scope of part.
412.2 Basis of payment.
412.4 Discharges and transfers.
412.6 Cost reporting periods subject to the prospective payment systems.
412.8 Publication of schedules for determining prospective payment 
          rates.
412.10 Changes in the DRG classification system.

Subpart B_Hospital Services Subject to and Excluded From the Prospective 
  Payment Systems for Inpatient Operating Costs and Inpatient Capital-
                              Related Costs

412.20 Hospital services subject to the prospective payment systems.
412.22 Excluded hospitals and hospital units: General rules.
412.23 Excluded hospitals: Classifications.
412.25 Excluded hospital units: Common requirements.
412.27 Excluded psychiatric units: Additional requirements.
412.29 Excluded rehabilitation units: Additional requirements.
412.30 Exclusion of new rehabilitation units and expansion of units 
          already excluded.

 Subpart C_Conditions for Payment Under the Prospective Payment Systems 
    for Inpatient Operating Costs and Inpatient Capital-Related Costs

412.40 General requirements.
412.42 Limitations on charges to beneficiaries.
412.44 Medical review requirements: Admissions and quality review.
412.46 Medical review requirements: Physician acknowledgement.
412.48 Denial of payment as a result of admissions and quality review.
412.50 Furnishing of inpatient hospital services directly or under 
          arrangements.

[[Page 457]]

412.52 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Subpart D_Basic Methodology for Determining Prospective Payment Federal 
                   Rates for Inpatient Operating Costs

412.60 DRG classification and weighting factors.
412.62 Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for fiscal year 1984.
412.63 Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for Federal fiscal 
          years 1984 through 2004.
412.64 Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for Federal fiscal 
          year 2005 and subsequent fiscal years.

   Subpart E_Determination of Transition Period Payment Rates for the 
        Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs

412.70 General description.
412.71 Determination of base-year inpatient operating costs.
412.72 Modification of base-year costs.
412.73 Determination of the hospital-specific rate based on a Federal 
          fiscal year 1982 base period.
412.75 Determination of the hospital-specific rate for inpatient 
          operating costs based on a Federal fiscal year 1987 base 
          period.
412.77 Determination of the hospital-specific rate for inpatient 
          operating costs for sole community hospitals based on a 
          Federal fiscal year 1996 base period.
412.78 Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts resulting 
          from unlawful claims.
412.79 Determination of the hospital-specific rate for inpatient 
          operating costs for Medicare-dependent, small rural hospitals 
          based on a Federal fiscal year 2002 base period.

 Subpart F_Payment for Outlier Cases and Special Treatment Payment for 
                             New Technology

                        Payment for Outlier Cases

412.80 Outlier cases: General provisions.
412.82 Payment for extended length-of-stay cases (day outliers).
412.84 Payment for extraordinarily high-cost cases (cost outliers).
412.86 Payment for extraordinarily high-cost day outliers.

          Additional Special Payment for Certain New Technology

412.87 Additional payment for new medical services and technologies: 
          General provisions.
412.88 Additional payment for new medical service or technology.

Subpart G_Special Treatment of Certain Facilities Under the Prospective 
              Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs

412.90 General rules.
412.92 Special treatment: Sole community hospitals.
412.96 Special treatment: Referral centers.
412.98 [Reserved]
412.100 Special treatment: Renal transplantation centers.
412.101 Special treatment: Inpatient hospital payment adjustment for 
          low-volume hospitals.
412.102 Special treatment: Hospitals located in areas that are 
          reclassified from urban to rural as a result of a geographic 
          redesignation.
412.103 Special treatment: Hospitals located in urban areas and that 
          apply for reclassification as rural.
412.104 Special treatment: Hospitals with high percentage of ESRD 
          discharges.
412.105 Special treatment: Hospitals that incur indirect costs for 
          graduate medical education programs.
412.106 Special treatment: Hospitals that serve a disproportionate share 
          of low-income patients.
412.107 Special treatment: Hospitals that receive an additional update 
          for FYs 1998 and 1999.
412.108 Special treatment: Medicare-dependent, small rural hospitals.
412.109 Special treatment: Essential access community hospitals (EACHs).

  Subpart H_Payments to Hospitals Under the Prospective Payment Systems

412.110 Total Medicare payment.
412.112 Payments determined on a per case basis.
412.113 Other payments.
412.115 Additional payments.
412.116 Method of payment.
412.120 Reductions to total payments.
412.125 Effect of change of ownership on payments under the prospective 
          payment systems.
412.130 Retroactive adjustments for incorrectly excluded hospitals and 
          units.

Subparts I-J [Reserved]

 Subpart K_Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs for 
                    Hospitals Located in Puerto Rico

412.200 General provisions.
412.204 Payments to hospitals located in Puerto Rico.
412.208 Puerto Rico rates for Federal fiscal year 1988.

[[Page 458]]

412.210 Puerto Rico rates for Federal fiscal years 1989 through 2003.
412.211 Puerto Rico rates for Federal fiscal year 2004 and subsequent 
          fiscal years.
412.212 National rate.
412.220 Special treatment of certain hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

      Subpart L_The Medicare Geographic Classification Review Board

                Criteria and Conditions for Redesignation

412.230 Criteria for an individual hospital seeking redesignation to 
          another rural area or an urban area.
412.232 Criteria for all hospitals in a rural county seeking urban 
          redesignation.
412.234 Criteria for all hospitals in an urban county seeking 
          redesignation to another urban area.

                       Composition and Procedures

412.246 MGCRB members.
412.248 Number of members needed for a decision or a hearing.
412.250 Sources of MGCRB's authority.
412.252 Applications.
412.254 Proceedings before MGCRB.
412.256 Application requirements.
412.258 Parties to MGCRB proceeding.
412.260 Time and place of the oral hearing.
412.262 Disqualification of an MGCRB member.
412.264 Evidence and comments in MGCRB proceeding.
412.266 Availability of wage data.
412.268 Subpoenas.
412.270 Witnesses.
412.272 Record of proceedings before the MGCRB.
412.273 Withdrawing an application, terminating an approved 3-year 
          reclassification, or canceling a previous withdrawal or 
          termination.
412.274 Scope and effect of an MGCRB decision.
412.276 Timing of MGCRB decision and its appeal.
412.278 Administrator's review.
412.280 Representation.

  Subpart M_Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Hospital Capital 
                                  Costs

                           General Provisions

412.300 Scope of subpart and definition.
412.302 Introduction to capital costs.
412.304 Implementation of the capital prospective payment system.

 Basic Methodology for Determining the Federal Rate for Capital-Related 
                                  Costs

412.308 Determining and updating the Federal rate.
412.312 Payment based on the Federal rate.
412.316 Geographic adjustment factors.
412.320 Disproportionate share adjustment factor.
412.322 Indirect medical education adjustment factor.

  Determination of Transition Period Payment Rates for Capital-Related 
                                  Costs

412.324 General description.
412.328 Determining and updating the hospital-specific rate.
412.331 Determining hospital-specific rates in cases of hospital merger, 
          consolidation, or dissolution.
412.332 Payment based on the hospital-specific rate.
412.336 Transition period payment methodologies.
412.340 Fully prospective payment methodology.
412.344 Hold-harmless payment methodology.
412.348 Exception payments.
412.352 Budget neutrality adjustment.

                 Special Rules for Puerto Rico Hospitals

412.370 General provisions for hospitals located in Puerto Rico.
412.374 Payments to hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

Subpart N_Prospective Payment System for Hospital Inpatient Services of 
                    Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities

412.400 Basis and scope of subpart.
412.402 Definitions.
412.404 Conditions for payment under the prospective payment system for 
          inpatient hospital services of psychiatric facilities.
412.422 Basis of payment.
412.424 Methodology for calculating the Federal per diem payment amount.
412.426 Transition period.
412.428 Publication of Updates to the inpatient psychiatric facility 
          prospective payment system.
412.432 Method of payment under the inpatient psychiatric facility 
          prospective payment system.

    Subpart O_Prospective Payment System for Long-Term Care Hospitals

412.500 Basis and scope of subpart.
412.503 Definitions.
412.505 Conditions for payment under the prospective payment system for 
          long-term care hospitals.
412.507 Limitation on charges to beneficiaries.
412.508 Medical review requirements.
412.509 Furnishing of inpatient hospital services directly or under 
          arrangement.
412.511 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

[[Page 459]]

412.513 Patient classification system.
412.515 LTC-DRG weighting factors.
412.517 Revision of LTC-DRG group classifications and weighting factors.
412.521 Basis of payment.
412.523 Methodology for calculating the Federal prospective payment 
          rates.
412.525 Adjustments to the Federal prospective payment.
412.529 Special payment provisions for short-stay outliers.
412.531 Special payment provisions when an interruption of a stay occurs 
          in a long-term care hospital.
412.532 Special payment provisions for patients who are transferred to 
          onsite providers and readmitted to a long-term care hospital.
412.533 Transition payments.
412.534 Special payment provisions for long-term care hospitals within 
          hospitals and satellites of long-term care hospitals.
412.535 Publication of the Federal prospective payment rates.
412.541 Method of payment under the long-term care hospital prospective 
          payment system.

Subpart P_Prospective Payment for Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospitals and 
                          Rehabilitation Units

412.600 Basis and scope of subpart.
412.602 Definitions.
412.604 Conditions for payment under the prospective payment system for 
          inpatient rehabilitation facilities.
412.606 Patient assessments.
412.608 Patients' rights regarding the collection of patient assessment 
          data.
412.610 Assessment schedule.
412.612 Coordination of the collection of patient assessment data.
412.614 Transmission of patient assessment data.
412.616 Release of information collected using the patient assessment 
          instrument.
412.618 Assessment process for interrupted stays.
412.620 Patient classification system.
412.622 Basis of payment.
412.624 Methodology for calculating the Federal prospective payment 
          rates.
412.626 Transition period.
412.628 Publication of the Federal prospective payment rates.
412.630 Limitation on review.
412.632 Method of payment under the inpatient rehabilitation facility 
          prospective payment system.

    Authority: Secs. 1102 and 1871 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1302 and 1395hh), and sec. 124 of Pub. L. 106-113 (113 Stat. 1501A-332).

    Source: 50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, unless otherwise noted.



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec. 412.1  Scope of part.

    (a) Purpose. (1) This part implements sections 1886(d) and (g) of 
the Act by establishing a prospective payment system for the operating 
costs of inpatient hospital services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries 
in cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1983 and a 
prospective payment system for the capital-related costs of inpatient 
hospital services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries in cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 1991. Under these prospective 
payment systems, payment for the operating and capital-related costs of 
inpatient hospital services furnished by hospitals subject to the 
systems (generally, short-term, acute-care hospitals) is made on the 
basis of prospectively determined rates and applied on a per discharge 
basis. Payment for other costs related to inpatient hospital services 
(organ acquisition costs incurred by hospitals with approved organ 
transplantation centers, the costs of qualified nonphysician 
anesthetist's services, as described in Sec. 412.113(c), and direct 
costs of approved nursing and allied health educational programs) is 
made on a reasonable cost basis. Payment for the direct costs of 
graduate medical education is made on a per resident amount basis in 
accordance with Sec. Sec. 413.75-413.83 of this chapter. Additional 
payments are made for outlier cases, bad debts, indirect medical 
education costs, and for serving a disproportionate share of low-income 
patients. Under either prospective payment system, a hospital may keep 
the difference between its prospective payment rate and its operating or 
capital-related costs incurred in furnishing inpatient services, and the 
hospital is at risk for inpatient operating or inpatient capital-related 
costs that exceed its payment rate.
    (2) This part implements section 124 of Public Law 106-113 by 
establishing a per diem prospective payment system for the inpatient 
operating and capital costs of hospital inpatient services furnished to 
Medicare beneficiaries by a psychiatric facility that meets the 
conditions of subpart N of this part.

[[Page 460]]

    (3) This part implements section 1886(j) of the Act by establishing 
a prospective payment system for the inpatient operating and capital 
costs of inpatient hospital services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries 
by a rehabilitation hospital or rehabilitation unit that meets the 
conditions of Sec. 412.604.
    (4) This part implements section 123 of Public Law 106-113, which 
provides for the establishment of a prospective payment system for the 
costs of inpatient hospital services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries 
by long-term care hospitals described in section 1886(d)(1)(B)(iv) of 
the Act, for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2002. This part also reflects the provisions of section 307 of Public 
Law 106-554, which state that the Secretary shall examine and may 
provide for appropriate adjustments to the long-term care hospital 
prospective payment system, including adjustments to diagnosis-related 
group (DRG) weights, area wage adjustments, geographic reclassification, 
outlier adjustments, updates, and disproportionate share adjustments 
consistent with section 1886(d)(5)(F) of the Act.
    (b) Summary of content. (1) This subpart describes the basis of 
payment for inpatient hospital services under the prospective payment 
systems specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section and sets forth the 
general basis of these systems.
    (2) Subpart B sets forth the classifications of hospitals that are 
included in and excluded from the prospective payment systems specified 
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and sets forth requirements 
governing the inclusion or exclusion of hospitals in the systems as a 
result of changes in their classification.
    (3) Subpart C sets forth certain conditions that must be met for a 
hospital to receive payment under the prospective payment systems 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (4) Subpart D sets forth the basic methodology by which prospective 
payment rates for inpatient operating costs are determined under the 
prospective payment system specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section.
    (5) Subpart E describes the transition ratesetting methods that are 
used to determine transition payment rates for inpatient operating costs 
during the first 4 years of the prospective payment system specified in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (6) Subpart F sets forth the methodology for determining payments 
for outlier cases under the prospective payment system specified in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (7) Subpart G sets forth rules for special treatment of certain 
facilities under the prospective payment system specified in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section for inpatient operating costs.
    (8) Subpart H describes the types, amounts, and methods of payment 
to hospitals under the prospective payment system specified in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section for inpatient operating costs.
    (9) Subpart K describes how the prospective payment system specified 
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for inpatient operating costs is 
implemented for hospitals located in Puerto Rico.
    (10) Subpart L sets forth the procedures and criteria concerning 
applications from hospitals to the Medicare Geographic Classification 
Review Board for geographic redesignation under the prospective payment 
systems specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (11) Subpart M describes how the prospective payment system 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for inpatient capital-
related costs is implemented effective with reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 1991.
    (12) Subpart N describes the prospective payment system specified in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section for inpatient psychiatric facilities 
and sets forth the general methodology for paying the operating and 
capital-related costs of inpatient hospital services furnished by 
inpatient psychiatric facilities effective with cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2005.
    (13) Subpart O of this part describes the prospective payment system 
specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section for long-term care 
hospitals and sets

[[Page 461]]

forth the general methodology for paying for the operating and capital-
related costs of inpatient hospital services furnished by long-term care 
hospitals, effective with cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002.
    (14) Subpart P describes the prospective payment system specified in 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section for rehabilitation hospitals and 
rehabilitation units and sets forth the general methodology for paying 
for the operating and capital-related costs of inpatient hospital 
services furnished by rehabilitation hospitals and rehabilitation units 
effective with cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2002.

[66 FR 41385, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 56048, Aug. 30, 2002; 69 
FR 66976, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 47484, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 412.2  Basis of payment.

    (a) Payment on a per discharge basis. Under both the inpatient 
operating and inpatient capital-related prospective payment systems, 
hospitals are paid a predetermined amount per discharge for inpatient 
hospital services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries. The prospective 
payment rate for each discharge (as defined in Sec. 412.4) is 
determined according to the methodology described in subpart D, E, or G 
of this part, as appropriate, for operating costs, and according to the 
methodology described in subpart M of this part for capital-related 
costs. An additional payment is made for both inpatient operating and 
inpatient capital-related costs, in accordance with subpart F of this 
part, for cases that are extraordinarily costly to treat.
    (b) Payment in full. (1) The prospective payment amount paid for 
inpatient hospital services is the total Medicare payment for the 
inpatient operating costs (as described in paragraph (c) of this 
section) and the inpatient capital-related costs (as described in 
paragraph (d) of this section) incurred in furnishing services covered 
by the Medicare program.
    (2) The full prospective payment amount, as determined under subpart 
D, E, or G and under subpart M of this part, is made for each stay 
during which there is at least one Medicare payable day of care. Payable 
days of care, for purposes of this paragraph include the following:
    (i) Limitation of liability days payable under the payment 
procedures for custodial care and services that are not reasonable and 
necessary as specified in Sec. 411.400 of this chapter.
    (ii) Guarantee of payment days, as authorized under Sec. 409.68 of 
this chapter, for inpatient hospital services furnished to an individual 
whom the hospital has reason to believe is entitled to Medicare benefits 
at the time of admission.
    (3) If a patient is admitted to an acute care hospital and then the 
acute care hospital meets the criteria at Sec. 412.23(e) to be paid as 
a LTCH, during the course of the patient's hospitalization, Medicare 
considers all the days of the patient stay in the facility (days prior 
to and after the designation of LTCH status) to be a single episode of 
LTCH care. Medicare will not make payment under subpart H for any part 
of the hospitalization. Payment for the entire patient stay (days prior 
to and after the designation of LTCH status) will be made in accordance 
with the requirements specified in Sec. 412.521. The requirements of 
this paragraph (b)(3) apply only to a patient stay in which a patient is 
in an acute care hospital and that hospital is designated as a LTCH on 
or after October 1, 2004.
    (c) Inpatient operating costs. The prospective payment system 
provides a payment amount for inpatient operating costs, including--
    (1) Operating costs for routine services (as described in Sec. 
413.53(b) of this chapter), such as the costs of room, board, and 
routine nursing services;
    (2) Operating costs for ancillary services, such as radiology and 
laboratory services furnished to hospital inpatients;
    (3) Special care unit operating costs (intensive care type unit 
services, as described in Sec. 413.53(b) of this chapter);
    (4) Malpractice insurance costs related to services furnished to 
inpatients; and
    (5) Preadmission services otherwise payable under Medicare Part B 
furnished to a beneficiary during the 3 calendar days immediately 
preceding the date of the beneficiary's admission

[[Page 462]]

to the hospital that meet the following conditions:
    (i) The services are furnished by the hospital or by an entity 
wholly owned or operated by the hospital. An entity is wholly owned by 
the hospital if the hospital is the sole owner of the entity. An entity 
is wholly operated by a hospital if the hospital has exclusive 
responsibility for conducting and overseeing the entity's routine 
operations, regardless of whether the hospital also has policymaking 
authority over the entity.
    (ii) For services furnished after January 1, 1991, the services are 
diagnostic (including clinical diagnostic laboratory tests).
    (iii) For services furnished on or after October 1, 1991, the 
services are furnished in connection with the principal diagnosis that 
requires the beneficiary to be admitted as an inpatient and are not the 
following:
    (A) Ambulance services.
    (B) Maintenance renal dialysis.
    (d) Inpatient capital-related costs. For cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1991, the capital prospective payment 
system provides a payment amount for inpatient hospital capital-related 
costs as described in part 413, subpart G of this chapter.
    (e) Excluded costs. The following inpatient hospital costs are 
excluded from the prospective payment amounts and are paid for on a 
reasonable cost basis:
    (1) Capital-related costs for cost reporting periods beginning 
before October 1, 1991, and an allowance for return on equity, as 
described in Sec. Sec. 413.130 and 413.157, respectively, of this 
chapter.
    (2) Direct medical education costs for approved nursing and allied 
health education programs as described in Sec. 413.85 of this chapter.
    (3) Costs for direct medical and surgical services of physicians in 
teaching hospitals exercising the election in Sec. 405.521 of this 
chapter.
    (4) The acquisition costs of hearts, kidneys, livers, lungs, 
pancreas, and intestines (or multivisceral organs) incurred by approved 
transplantation centers.
    (5) The costs of qualified nonphysician anesthetists' services, as 
described in Sec. 412.113(c).
    (f) Additional payments to hospitals. In addition to payments based 
on the prospective payment system rates for inpatient operating and 
inpatient capital-related costs, hospitals receive payments for the 
following:
    (1) Outlier cases, as described in subpart F of this part.
    (2) The indirect costs of graduate medical education, as specified 
in subparts F and G of this part and in Sec. 412.105 for inpatient 
operating costs and in Sec. 412.322 for inpatient capital-related 
costs.
    (3) Costs excluded from the prospective payment rates under 
paragraph (e) of this section, as provided in Sec. 412.115.
    (4) Bad debts of Medicare beneficiaries, as provided in Sec. 
412.115(a).
    (5) ESRD beneficiary discharges if such discharges are ten percent 
or more of the hospital's total Medicare discharges, as provided in 
Sec. 412.104.
    (6) Serving a disproportionate share of low-income patients, as 
provided in Sec. 412.106 for inpatient operating costs and Sec. 
412.320 for inpatient capital-related costs.
    (7) The direct graduate medical education costs for approved 
residency programs in medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, and podiatry as 
described in Sec. Sec. 413.75-413.83 of this chapter.
    (8) For discharges on or after June 19, 1990, and before October 1, 
1994, and for discharges on or after October 1, 1997, a payment amount 
per unit for blood clotting factor provided to Medicare inpatients who 
have hemophilia. For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2005, 
the additional payment is made based on the average sales price 
methodology specified in Subpart K, Part 414 of this subchapter and the 
furnishing fee specified in Sec. 410.63 of this subchapter.

[[Page 463]]

    (9) Special additional payment for certain new technology as 
specified in Sec. Sec. 412.87 and 412.88 of Subpart F.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 
52 FR 33057, Sept. 1, 1987; 53 FR 38526, Sept. 30, 1988; 55 FR 15173, 
Apr. 20, 1990; 55 FR 36068, Sept. 4, 1990; 57 FR 33897, July 31, 1992; 
57 FR 39819, Sept. 1, 1992; 57 FR 46510, Oct. 9, 1992; 58 FR 46337, 
Sept. 1, 1993; 59 FR 1658, Jan. 12, 1994; 59 FR 45396, Sept. 1, 1994; 62 
FR 46025, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 6868, Feb. 11, 1998; 64 FR 41540, July 
30, 1999; 65 FR 47106, Aug. 1, 2000; 66 FR 39933, Aug. 1, 2001; 66 FR 
46924, Sept. 7, 2001; 69 FR 49240, Aug. 11, 2004; 70 FR 47484, Aug. 12, 
2005]



Sec. 412.4  Discharges and transfers.

    (a) Discharges. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) 
of this section, a hospital inpatient is considered discharged from a 
hospital paid under the prospective payment system when--
    (1) The patient is formally released from the hospital; or
    (2) The patient dies in the hospital.
    (b) Acute care transfers. A discharge of a hospital inpatient is 
considered to be a transfer for purposes of payment under this part if 
the patient is readmitted the same day (unless the readmission is 
unrelated to the initial discharge) to another hospital that is--
    (1) Paid under the prospective payment system described in subparts 
A through M of this part; or
    (2) Excluded from being paid under the prospective payment system 
described in subparts A through M of this part because of participation 
in an approved statewide cost control program as described in subpart C 
of part 403 of this chapter.
    (c) Postacute care transfers. A discharge of a hospital inpatient is 
considered to be a transfer for purposes of this part when the patient's 
discharge is assigned, as described in Sec. 412.60(c), to one of the 
qualifying diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) listed in paragraph (d) of 
this section and the discharge is made under any of the following 
circumstances:
    (1) To a hospital or distinct part hospital unit excluded from the 
prospective payment system described in subparts A through M of this 
part under subpart B of this part.
    (2) To a skilled nursing facility.
    (3) To home under a written plan of care for the provision of home 
health services from a home health agency and those services begin 
within 3 days after the date of discharge.
    (d) Qualifying DRGs. (1) For a fiscal year prior to FY 2006, for 
purposes of paragraph (c) of this section, and subject to the provisions 
of paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the qualifying DRGs must meet the 
following criteria for both of the 2 most recent years for which data 
are available:
    (i) The DRG must have a geometric mean length of stay of at least 3 
days.
    (ii) The DRG must have at least 14,000 cases identified as postacute 
care transfer cases.
    (iii) The DRG must have at least 10 percent of the postacute care 
transfers occurring before the geometric mean length of stay for the 
DRG.
    (iv) If the DRG is one of a paired DRG based on the presence or 
absence of a comorbidity or complication, one of the DRGs meets the 
criteria specified under paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iii) of 
this section.
    (v) To initially qualify, the DRG must meet the criteria specified 
in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iv) of this section and must have 
a decline in the geometric mean length of stay for the DRG during the 
most recent 5 years of at least 7 percent. Once a DRG initially 
qualifies, the DRG is subject to the criteria specified in paragraphs 
(d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iv) of this section for each subsequent fiscal 
year.
    (2) For purposes of paragraph (c), a discharge is also considered to 
be a transfer if it meets the following conditions:
    (i) The discharge is assigned to a DRG that contains only cases that 
were assigned to a DRG that qualified under this paragraph within the 
previous 2 years; and
    (ii) The latter DRG was split or otherwise modified within the 
previous 2 fiscal years.
    (3) For fiscal years beginning with FY 2006, for purposes of 
paragraph (c) of this section--
    (i) The qualifying DRGs must meet the following criteria using data 
from the March 2005 update of the FY 2004 MedPAR file and Version 23.0 
of the DRG Definitions Manual (FY 2006):

[[Page 464]]

    (A) The DRG has at least 2,050 total postacute care transfer cases;
    (B) At least 5.5 percent of the cases in the DRG are discharged to 
postacute care prior to the geometric mean length of stay for the DRG;
    (C) The DRG must have a geometric mean length of stay greater than 3 
days;
    (D) The DRG is paired with a DRG based on the presence or absence of 
a comorbidity or complication or major cardiovascular condition that, it 
meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (d)(3)(i)(A) and 
(d)(3)(ii)(B) of this section.
    (ii) If a DRG did not exist in Version 23.0 of the DRG Definitions 
Manual or a DRG included in Version 23.0 of the DRG Definitions Manual 
is revised, the DRG will be a qualifying DRG if it meets the following 
criteria based on the version of the DRG Definitions Manual in use when 
the new or revised DRG first becomes effective, using the most recent 
complete year of MedPAR data:
    (A) The total number of discharges to postacute care in the DRG must 
equal or exceed the 55th percentile for all DRGs;
    (B) The proportion of short-stay discharges to postacute care to 
total discharges in the DRG exceeds the 55th percentile for all DRGs; 
and
    (C) The DRG is paired with a DRG based on the presence or absence of 
a comorbidity or a complication or major cardiovascular condition that 
meets the criteria specified under paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) and 
(d)(3)(ii)(B) of this section.
    (e) Payment for discharges. The hospital discharging an inpatient 
(under paragraph (a) of this section) is paid in full, in accordance 
with Sec. 412.2(b).
    (f) Payment for transfers--(1) General rule. Except as provided in 
paragraph (f)(2) or (f)(3) of this section, a hospital that transfers an 
inpatient under the circumstances described in paragraph (b) or (c) of 
this section, is paid a graduated per diem rate for each day of the 
patient's stay in that hospital, not to exceed the amount that would 
have been paid under subparts D and M of this part if the patient had 
been discharged to another setting. The per diem rate is determined by 
dividing the appropriate prospective payment rate (as determined under 
subparts D and M of this part) by the geometric mean length of stay for 
the specific DRG to which the case is assigned. Payment is graduated by 
paying twice the per diem amount for the first day of the stay, and the 
per diem amount for each subsequent day, up to the full DRG payment.
    (2) Special rule for DRGs 209, 210, and 211 for fiscal years prior 
to FY 2006. For fiscal years prior to FY 2006, a hospital that transfers 
an inpatient under the circumstances described in paragraph (c) of this 
section and the transfer is assigned to DRGs 209, 210, or 211 is paid as 
follows:
    (i) 50 percent of the appropriate prospective payment rate (as 
determined under subparts D and M of this part) for the first day of the 
stay; and
    (ii) 50 percent of the amount calculated under paragraph (f)(1) of 
this section for each day of the stay, up to the full DRG payment.
    (3) Transfer assigned to DRG 385. If a transfer is classified into 
DRG 385 (Neonates, died or transferred) the transferring hospital is 
paid in accordance with Sec. 412.2(b).
    (4) Outliers. Effective with discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 1984, a transferring hospital may qualify for an additional 
payment for extraordinarily high-cost cases that meet the criteria for 
cost outliers as described in subpart F of this part.
    (5) Special rule for DRGs meeting specific criteria. For discharges 
occurring on or after October 1, 2005, a hospital that transfers an 
inpatient under the circumstances described in paragraph (c) of this 
section is paid using the provisions of paragraph (f)(2)(i) and 
(f)(2)(ii) of this section if the transfer case is assigned to one of 
the DRGs meeting the following criteria:
    (i) The DRG meets the criteria specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i) or 
(d)(3)(iii) of this section;
    (ii) The average charges of the 1-day discharge cases in the DRG 
must be at least 50 percent of the average charges for all cases in the 
DRG; and
    (iii) The geometric mean length of stay for the DRG is greater than 
4 days; and

[[Page 465]]

    (iv) If a DRG is a paired with a DRG based on the presence or 
absence of a comorbidity or complication or a major cardiovascular 
complication that meets the criteria specified in paragraph (f)(5)(i) 
through (f)(5)(iii) of this section, that DRG will also be paid under 
the provisions of paragraph (f)(2)(i) and (f)(2)(ii) of this section.

[63 FR 41003, July 31, 1998, as amended at 65 FR 47106, Aug. 1, 2000; 67 
FR 50111, Aug. 1, 2002; 68 FR 45469, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 49240, Aug. 11, 
2004; 70 FR 47484, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 412.6  Cost reporting periods subject to the prospective payment 
systems.

    (a) Initial cost reporting period for each prospective payment 
system. (1) Each subject hospital is paid under the prospective payment 
system for operating costs for inpatient hospital services effective 
with the hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or after 
October 1, 1983 and for inpatient capital-related costs effective with 
the hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or after October 
1, 1991.
    (2) The hospital is paid the applicable prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs and capital-related costs for each discharge 
occurring on or after the first day of its first cost reporting period 
subject to the applicable prospective payment system.
    (3) If a discharged beneficiary was admitted to the hospital before 
the first day of the hospital's first cost reporting period subject to 
the prospective payment system for inpatient operating costs, the 
reasonable costs of services furnished before that day are paid under 
the cost reimbursement provisions of part 413 of this chapter. For such 
discharges, the amount otherwise payable under the applicable 
prospective payment rate is reduced by the amount paid on a reasonable 
cost basis for inpatient hospital services furnished to that beneficiary 
during the hospital stay. If the amount paid under reasonable cost 
exceeds the inpatient operating prospective payment amount, the 
reduction is limited to the inpatient operating prospective payment 
amount.
    (b) Changes in cost reporting periods. CMS recognizes a change in a 
hospital's cost reporting period made after November 30, 1982 only if 
the change has been requested in writing by the hospital and approved by 
the intermediary in accordance with Sec. 413.24(f)(3) of this chapter.

[57 FR 39819, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.8  Publication of schedules for determining prospective payment 
rates.

    (a) Initial prospective payment rates--(1) For inpatient operating 
costs. Initial prospective payment rates for inpatient operating costs 
(for the period October 1, 1983 through September 30, 1984) were 
determined in accordance with documents published in the Federal 
Register on September 1, 1983 (48 FR 39838), and January 3, 1984 (49 FR 
324).
    (2) For inpatient capital-related costs. Initial prospective payment 
rates for inpatient capital-related costs (for the period October 1, 
1991 through September 30, 1992) were determined in accordance with the 
final rule published in the Federal Register on August 30, 1991 (56 FR 
43196).
    (b) Annual publication of schedule for determining prospective 
payment rates. (1) CMS proposes changes in the methods, amounts, and 
factors used to determine inpatient prospective payment rates in a 
Federal Register document published for public comment not later than 
the April 1 before the beginning of the Federal fiscal year in which the 
proposed changes would apply.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, CMS 
publishes a Federal Register document setting forth final methods, 
amounts, and factors for determining inpatient prospective payment rates 
not later than the August 1 before the Federal fiscal year in which the 
rates would apply.
    (c) Publication schedule for FY 2007. For FY 2007, not later than 
August 1, 2006, CMS publishes a Federal Register document setting forth 
a description of the methodology and data used in computing the 
inpatient prospective payment rates for that year.

[57 FR 39820, Sept. 1, 1992, as amended at 62 FR 46025, Aug. 29, 1997; 
71 FR 48136, Aug. 18, 2006]

[[Page 466]]



Sec. 412.10  Changes in the DRG classification system.

    (a) General rule. CMS issues changes in the DRG classification 
system in a Federal Register notice at least annually. Except as 
specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the DRG changes are 
effective prospectively with discharges occurring on or after the same 
date the payment rates are effective.
    (b) Basis for changes in the DRG classification system. All changes 
in the DRG classification system are made using the principles 
established for the DRG system. This means that cases are classified so 
each DRG is--
    (1) Clinically coherent; and
    (2) Embraces an acceptable range of resource consumption.
    (c) Interim coverage changes--(1) Criteria. CMS makes interim 
changes to the DRG classification system during the Federal fiscal year 
to incorporate items and services newly covered under Medicare.
    (2) Implementation and effective date. CMS issues interim coverage 
changes through its administrative issuance system and makes the change 
effective as soon as is administratively feasible.
    (3) Publication for comment. CMS publishes any change made under 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section in the next annual notice of changes to 
the DRG classification system published in accordance with paragraph (a) 
of this section.
    (d) Interim changes to correct omissions and inequities--(1) 
Criteria. CMS makes interim changes to the DRG classification system to 
correct a serious omission or inequity in the system only if failure to 
make the changes would have--
    (i) A potentially substantial adverse impact on the health and 
safety of beneficiaries; or
    (ii) A significant and unwarranted fiscal impact on hospitals or the 
Medicare program.
    (2) Publication and effective date. CMS publishes these changes in 
the Federal Register in a final notice with comment period with a 
prospective effective date. The change is also published for public 
information in the next annual notice of changes to the DRG 
classification system published in accordance with paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    (e) Review by ProPAC. Changes published annually in accordance with 
paragraph (a) of this section are subject to review and comment by 
ProPAC upon publication. Interim changes to the DRG classification 
system that are made in accordance with paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 
section are subject to review by ProPAC before implementation.

[50 FR 35688, Sept. 3, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 31496, Sept. 3, 1986; 
57 FR 39820, Sept. 1, 1992]



Subpart B_Hospital Services Subject to and Excluded From the Prospective 
  Payment Systems for Inpatient Operating Costs and Inpatient Capital-
                              Related Costs



Sec. 412.20  Hospital services subject to the prospective payment systems.

    (a) Except for services described in paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and 
(e) of this section, all covered hospital inpatient services furnished 
to beneficiaries during the subject cost reporting periods are paid 
under the prospective payment system as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1).
    (b) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2005, covered inpatient hospital services furnished to 
Medicare beneficiaries by an inpatient psychiatric facility that meets 
the conditions of Sec. 412.404 are paid under the prospective payment 
system described in subpart N of this part.
    (c)(1) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2002, covered inpatient hospital services furnished to 
Medicare beneficiaries by a rehabilitation hospital or rehabilitation 
unit that meet the conditions of Sec. 412.604 are paid under the 
prospective payment system described in subpart P of this part.
    (2) CMS will not pay for services under Subpart P of this part if 
the services are paid for by a health maintenance organization (HMO) or 
competitive medical plan (CMP) that elects not to have CMS make payments 
to an inpatient rehabilitation facility for services, which are 
inpatient hospital

[[Page 467]]

services, furnished to the HMO's or CMP's Medicare enrollees, as 
provided under part 417 of this chapter.
    (d) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002, covered inpatient hospital services furnished to 
Medicare beneficiaries by a long-term care hospital that meets the 
conditions for payment of Sec. Sec. 412.505 through 412.511 are paid 
under the prospective payment system described in subpart O of this 
part.
    (e) Inpatient hospital services will not be paid under the 
prospective payment systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) under any of 
the following circumstances:
    (1) The services are furnished by a hospital (or hospital unit) 
explicitly excluded from the prospective payment systems under 
Sec. Sec. 412.23, 412.25, 412.27, and 412.29.
    (2) The services are emergency services furnished by a 
nonparticipating hospital in accordance with Sec. 424.103 of this 
chapter.
    (3) The services are paid for by an HMO or competitive medical plan 
(CMP) that elects not to have CMS make payments directly to a hospital 
for inpatient hospital services furnished to the HMO's or CMP's Medicare 
enrollees, as provided in Sec. 417.240(d) and Sec. 417.586 of this 
chapter.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 57 
FR 39820, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 66 FR 41386, Aug. 
7, 2001; 67 FR 56048, Aug. 30, 2002; 68 FR 45698, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 
66976, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 412.22  Excluded hospitals and hospital units: General rules.

    (a) Criteria. Subject to the criteria set forth in paragraph (e) of 
this section, a hospital is excluded from the prospective payment 
systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) of this part if it meets the 
criteria for one or more of the excluded classifications described in 
Sec. 412.23. For purposes of this subpart, the term ``hospital'' 
includes a critical access hospital (CAH).
    (b) Cost reimbursement. Except for those hospitals specified in 
paragraph (c) of this section, and Sec. 412.20(b), (c), and (d), all 
excluded hospitals (and excluded hospital units, as described in Sec. 
412.23 through Sec. 412.29) are reimbursed under the cost reimbursement 
rules set forth in part 413 of this chapter, and are subject to the 
ceiling on the rate of hospital cost increases as specified in Sec. 
413.40 of this chapter.
    (c) Special payment provisions. The following classifications of 
hospitals are paid under special provisions and therefore are not 
generally subject to the cost reimbursement or prospective payment rules 
of this chapter.
    (1) Veterans Administration hospitals.
    (2) Hospitals reimbursed under State cost control systems approved 
under part 403 of this chapter.
    (3) Hospitals reimbursed in accordance with demonstration projects 
authorized under section 402(a) of Public Law 90-248 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1) 
or section 222(a) of Public Law 92-603 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1 (note)).
    (4) Nonparticipating hospitals furnishing emergency services to 
Medicare beneficiaries.
    (d) Changes in hospitals' status. For purposes of exclusion from the 
prospective payment systems under this subpart, the status of each 
currently participating hospital (excluded or not excluded) is 
determined at the beginning of each cost reporting period and is 
effective for the entire cost reporting period. Any changes in the 
status of the hospital are made only at the start of a cost reporting 
period.
    (e) Hospitals-within-hospitals. Except as provided in paragraph (f) 
of this section, a hospital that occupies space in a building also used 
by another hospital, or in one or more separate buildings located on the 
same campus as buildings used by another hospital, must meet the 
following criteria in order to be excluded from the prospective payment 
systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1):
    (1) Except as specified in paragraph (f) of this section, for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1997--
    (i) Separate governing body. The hospital has a governing body that 
is separate from the governing body of the hospital occupying space in 
the same building or on the same campus. The hospital's governing body 
is not under the control of the hospital occupying space in the same 
building or on the

[[Page 468]]

same campus, or of any third entity that controls both hospitals.
    (ii) Separate chief medical officer. The hospital has a single chief 
medical officer who reports directly to the governing body and who is 
responsible for all medical staff activities of the hospital. The chief 
medical officer of the hospital is not employed by or under contract 
with either the hospital occupying space in the same building or on the 
same campus or any third entity that controls both hospitals.
    (iii) Separate medical staff. The hospital has a medical staff that 
is separate from the medical staff of the hospital occupying space in 
the same building or on the same campus. The hospital's medical staff is 
directly accountable to the governing body for the quality of medical 
care provided in the hospital, and adopts and enforces by-laws governing 
medical staff activities, including criteria and procedures for 
recommending to the governing body the privileges to be granted to 
individual practitioners.
    (iv) Chief executive officer. The hospital has a single chief 
executive officer through whom all administration authority flows, and 
who exercises control and surveillance over all administrative 
activities of the hospital. The chief executive officer is not employed 
by, or under contract with, either the hospital occupying space in the 
same building or on the same campus or any third entity that controls 
both hospitals.
    (v) Performance of basic hospital functions. The hospital meets one 
of the following criteria:
    (A) The hospital performs the basic functions specified in 
Sec. Sec. 482.21 through 482.27, 482.30, 482.42, 482.43, and 482.45 of 
this chapter through the use of employees or under contracts or other 
agreements with entities other than the hospital occupying space in the 
same building or on the same campus, or a third entity that controls 
both hospitals. Food and dietetic services and housekeeping, 
maintenance, and other services necessary to maintain a clean and safe 
physical environment could be obtained under contracts or other 
agreements with the hospital occupying space in the same building or on 
the same campus, or with a third entity that controls both hospitals.
    (B) For the same period of at least 6 months used to determine 
compliance with the criterion regarding the age of patients in Sec. 
412.23(d)(2) or the length-of-stay criterion in Sec. 412.23(e)(2), or 
for hospitals other than children's or long-term care hospitals, for a 
period of at least 6 months immediately preceding the first cost 
reporting period for which exclusion is sought, the cost of the services 
that the hospital obtains under contracts or other agreements with the 
hospital occupying space in the same building or on the same campus, or 
with a third entity that controls both hospitals, is no more than 15 
percent of the hospital's total inpatient operating costs, as defined in 
Sec. 412.2(c). For purposes of this paragraph (e)(1)(v)(B), however, 
the costs of preadmission services are those specified under Sec. 
413.40(c)(2) rather than those specified under Sec. 412.2(c)(5).
    (C) For the same period of at least 6 months used to determine 
compliance with the criterion regarding the age of inpatients in Sec. 
412.23(d)(2) or the length-of-stay criterion in Sec. 412.23(e)(2), or 
for hospitals other than children's or long-term care hospitals, for the 
period of at least 6 months immediately preceding the first cost 
reporting period for which exclusion is sought, the hospital has an 
inpatient population of whom at least 75 percent were referred to the 
hospital from a source other than another hospital occupying space in 
the same building or on the same campus.
    (2) Effective for long-term care hospitals-within-hospitals for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2004, the hospital 
must meet the governance and control requirements at paragraphs 
(e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iv) of this section.
    (3) Notification of co-located status. A long-term care hospital 
that occupies space in a building used by another hospital, or in one or 
more entire buildings located on the same campus as buildings used by 
another hospital and that meets the criteria of paragraphs (e)(1) or 
(e)(2) of this section must notify its fiscal intermediary and CMS in 
writing of its co-location and

[[Page 469]]

identify by name, address, and Medicare provider number those 
hospital(s) with which it is co-located.
    (f) Application for certain hospitals. Except as provided in 
paragraph (f)(3) of this section, if a hospital was excluded from the 
prospective payment systems under the provisions of this section on or 
before September 30, 1995, and at that time occupied space in a building 
also used by another hospital, or in one or more buildings located on 
the same campus as buildings used by another hospital, the criteria in 
paragraph (e) of this section do not apply to the hospital as long as 
the hospital--
    (1) Continues to operate under the same terms and conditions, 
including the number of beds and square footage considered to be part of 
the hospital for purposes of Medicare participation and payment in 
effect on September 30, 1995; or
    (2) In the case of a hospital that changes the terms and conditions 
under which it operates after September 30, 1995, but before October 1, 
2003, continues to operate under the same terms and conditions, 
including the number of beds and square footage considered to be part of 
the hospital for purposes of Medicare participation and payment in 
effect on September 30, 2003.
    (3) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2006, in applying the provisions of paragraph (f)(1) or (f)(2) of this 
section, any hospital that was excluded from the prospective payment 
systems under the provisions of this section on or before September 30, 
1995, and at that time occupied space in a building also used by another 
hospital, or in one or more buildings located on the same campus as 
buildings used by another hospital may increase or decrease the square 
footage or decrease the number of beds considered to be part of the 
hospital at any time without affecting the provisions of paragraph 
(f)(1) or (f)(2) of this section.
    (i) If a hospital to which the provisions of paragraph (f)(1) of 
this section applies decreases its number of beds below the number of 
beds considered to be part of the hospital on September 30, 1995, it may 
subsequently increase the number of beds at any time as long as the 
resulting total number of beds considered to be part of the hospital 
does not exceed the number of beds at the hospital on September 30, 
1995.
    (ii) If a hospital to which the provisions of paragraph (f)(2) of 
this section applies decreases its number of beds below the number of 
beds considered to be part of the hospital on September 30, 2003, it may 
subsequently increase the number of beds at any time as long as the 
resulting total number of beds considered to be part of the hospital 
does not exceed the number of beds at the hospital on September 30, 
2003.
    (g) Definition of control. For purposes of this section, control 
exists if an individual or an organization has the power, directly or 
indirectly, significantly to influence or direct the actions or policies 
of an organization or institution.
    (h) Satellite facilities. (1) For purposes of paragraphs (h)(2) 
through (h)(5) of this section, a satellite facility is a part of a 
hospital that provides inpatient services in a building also used by 
another hospital, or in one or more entire buildings located on the same 
campus as buildings used by another hospital.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraphs (h)(3), (h)(4), (h)(5), (h)(7) 
and (h)(8) of this section, effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1999, a hospital that has a satellite 
facility must meet the following criteria in order to be excluded from 
the acute care hospital inpatient prospective payment systems for any 
period:
    (i) In the case of a hospital (other than a children's hospital) 
that was excluded from the prospective payment systems for the most 
recent cost reporting period beginning before October 1, 1997, the 
hospital's number of State-licensed and Medicare-certified beds, 
including those at the satellite facilities, does not exceed the 
hospital's number of State-licensed and Medicare-certified beds on the 
last day of the hospital's last cost reporting period beginning before 
October 1, 1997.
    (ii) The satellite facility independently complies with--
    (A) For psychiatric hospitals, the requirements under Sec. 
412.23(a);

[[Page 470]]

    (B) For rehabilitation hospitals, the requirements under Sec. 
412.23(b)(2);
    (C) For the children's hospitals, the requirements under Sec. 
412.23(d)(2); or
    (D) For long-term care hospitals, the requirements under Sec. Sec. 
412.23(e)(1) through (e)(3)(i).
    (iii) The satellite facility meets all of the following 
requirements:
    (A) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002, it is not under the control of the governing body or 
chief executive officer of the hospital in which it is located, and it 
furnishes inpatient care through the use of medical personnel who are 
not under the control of the medical staff or chief medical officer of 
the hospital in which it is located.
    (B) It maintains admission and discharge records that are separately 
identified from those of the hospital in which it is located and are 
readily available.
    (C) It has beds that are physically separate from (that is, not 
commingled with) the beds of the hospital in which it is located.
    (D) It is serviced by the same fiscal intermediary as the hospital 
of which it is a part.
    (E) It is treated as a separate cost center of the hospital of which 
it is a part.
    (F) For cost reporting and apportionment purposes, it uses an 
accounting system that properly allocates costs and maintains adequate 
statistical data to support the basis of allocation.
    (G) It reports its costs on the cost report of the hospital of which 
it is a part, covering the same fiscal period and using the same method 
of apportionment as the hospital of which it is a part.
    (3) Except as provided in paragraphs (h)(4) and (h)(5) of this 
section, the provisions of paragraph (h)(2) of this section do not apply 
to--
    (4) For cost reporting periods beginning before October 1, 2006, in 
applying the provisions of paragraph (h)(3) of this section, any 
hospital structured as a satellite facility on September 30, 1999, may 
increase or decrease the square footage of the satellite facility or may 
decrease the number of beds in the satellite facility if these changes 
are made necessary by relocation of a facility--
    (i) To permit construction or renovation necessary for compliance 
with changes in Federal, State, or local law; or
    (ii) Because of catastrophic events such as fires, floods, 
earthquakes, or tornadoes.
    (5) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2006, in applying the provisions of paragraph (h)(3) of this section--
    (i) Any hospital structured as a satellite facility on September 30, 
1999, may increase or decrease the square footage or decrease the number 
of beds considered to be part of the satellite facility at any time 
without affecting the provisions of paragraph (h)(3) of this section; 
and
    (ii) If the satellite facility decreases its number of beds below 
the number of beds considered to be part of the satellite facility on 
September 30, 1999, it may subsequently increase the number of beds at 
any time as long as the resulting total number of beds considered to be 
part of the satellite facility does not exceed the number of beds at the 
satellite facility on September 30, 1999.
    (6) Notification of co-located status. A satellite of a long-term 
care hospital that occupies space in a building used by another 
hospital, or in one or more entire buildings located on the same campus 
as buildings used by another hospital and that meets the criteria of 
paragraphs (h)(1) through (h)(5) of this section must notify its fiscal 
intermediary and CMS in writing of its co-location and identify by name, 
address, and Medicare provider number, those hospital(s) with which it 
is co-located.
    (7) The provisions of paragraph (h)(2)(i) of this section do not 
apply to any long-term care hospital that is subject to the long-term 
care hospital prospective payment system under Subpart O of this 
subpart, effective for cost reporting periods occurring on or after 
October 1, 2002, and that elects to be paid based on 100 percent of the 
Federal prospective payment rate as specified in Sec. 412.533(c), 
beginning with the first cost reporting period following that election, 
or when the LTCH is fully transitioned to 100 percent of the Federal 
prospective rate, or to a new

[[Page 471]]

long-term care hospital, as defined in Sec. 412.23(e)(4).
    (8) The provisions of paragraph (h)(2)(i) of this section do not 
apply to any inpatient rehabilitation facility that is subject to the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment system under 
subpart P of this part, effective for cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 2003.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 
57 FR 39820, Sept. 1, 1994; 62 FR 46026, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 26357, May 
12, 1998; 64 FR 41540, July 30, 1999; 66 FR 41386, Aug. 7, 2001; 67 FR 
50111, Aug. 1, 2002; 67 FR 56048, Aug. 30, 2002; 68 FR 10988, Mar. 7, 
2003; 68 FR 34162, June 6, 2003; 68 FR 45469, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 49240, 
Aug. 11, 2004; 69 FR 60252, Oct. 7, 2004; 69 FR 66976, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 
FR 24222, May 6, 2005; 71 FR 48136, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.23  Excluded hospitals: Classifications.

    Hospitals that meet the requirements for the classifications set 
forth in this section are not reimbursed under the prospective payment 
systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1):
    (a) Psychiatric hospitals. A psychiatric hospital must--
    (1) Meet the following requirements to be excluded from the 
prospective payment system as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) and to be 
paid under the prospective payment system as specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(2) and in subpart N of this part;
    (2) Be primarily engaged in providing, by or under the supervision 
of a psychiatrist, psychiatric services for the diagnosis and treatment 
of mentally ill persons; and
    (3) Meet the conditions of participation for hospitals and special 
conditions of participation for psychiatric hospitals set forth in part 
482 of this chapter.
    (b) Rehabilitation hospitals. A rehabilitation hospital must meet 
the following requirements to be excluded from the prospective payment 
systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) and to be paid under the 
prospective payment system specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(3) and in Subpart 
P of this part:
    (1) Have a provider agreement under part 489 of this chapter to 
participate as a hospital.
    (2) Except in the case of a newly participating hospital seeking 
classification under this paragraph as a rehabilitation hospital for its 
first 12-month cost reporting period, as described in paragraph (b)(8) 
of this section, a hospital must show that during its most recent, 
consecutive, and appropriate 12-month time period (as defined by CMS or 
the fiscal intermediary), it served an inpatient population that meets 
the criteria under paragraph (b)(2)(i) or (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
    (i) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 2004 
and before July 1, 2005, the hospital has served an inpatient population 
of whom at least 50 percent, and for cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after July 1, 2005 and before July 1, 2007, the hospital has served 
an inpatient population of whom at least 60 percent, and for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 2007 and before July 1, 
2008, the hospital has served an inpatient population of whom at least 
65 percent required intensive rehabilitative services for treatment of 
one or more of the conditions specified at paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this 
section. A patient with a comorbidity, as defined at Sec. 412.602, may 
be included in the inpatient population that counts toward the required 
applicable percentage if--
    (A) The patient is admitted for inpatient rehabilitation for a 
condition that is not one of the conditions specified in paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section;
    (B) The patient has a comorbidity that falls in one of the 
conditions specified in paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section; and
    (C) The comorbidity has caused significant decline in functional 
ability in the individual such that, even in the absence of the 
admitting condition, the individual would require the intensive 
rehabilitation treatment that is unique to inpatient rehabilitation 
facilities paid under subpart P of this part and that cannot be 
appropriately performed in another care setting covered under this 
title.
    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 2008, 
the hospital has served an inpatient population of whom at least 75 
percent required intensive rehabilitative services

[[Page 472]]

for treatment of one or more of the conditions specified in paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section. A patient with a comorbidity as described 
in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section is not included in the inpatient 
population that counts toward the required 75 percent.
    (iii) List of conditions. (A) Stroke.
    (B) Spinal cord injury.
    (C) Congenital deformity.
    (D) Amputation.
    (E) Major multiple trauma.
    (F) Fracture of femur (hip fracture).
    (G) Brain injury.
    (H) Neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, motor 
neuron diseases, polyneuropathy, muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's 
disease.
    (I) Burns.
    (J) Active, polyarticular rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, 
and seronegative arthropathies resulting in significant functional 
impairment of ambulation and other activities of daily living that have 
not improved after an appropriate, aggressive, and sustained course of 
outpatient therapy services or services in other less intensive 
rehabilitation settings immediately preceding the inpatient 
rehabilitation admission or that result from a systemic disease 
activation immediately before admission, but have the potential to 
improve with more intensive rehabilitation.
    (K) Systemic vasculidities with joint inflammation, resulting in 
significant functional impairment of ambulation and other activities of 
daily living that have not improved after an appropriate, aggressive, 
and sustained course of outpatient therapy services or services in other 
less intensive rehabilitation settings immediately preceding the 
inpatient rehabilitation admission or that result from a systemic 
disease activation immediately before admission, but have the potential 
to improve with more intensive rehabilitation.
    (L) Severe or advanced osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis or 
degenerative joint disease) involving two or more major weight bearing 
joints (elbow, shoulders, hips, or knees, but not counting a joint with 
a prosthesis) with joint deformity and substantial loss of range of 
motion, atrophy of muscles surrounding the joint, significant functional 
impairment of ambulation and other activities of daily living that have 
not improved after the patient has participated in an appropriate, 
aggressive, and sustained course of outpatient therapy services or 
services in other less intensive rehabilitation settings immediately 
preceding the inpatient rehabilitation admission but have the potential 
to improve with more intensive rehabilitation. (A joint replaced by a 
prosthesis no longer is considered to have osteoarthritis, or other 
arthritis, even though this condition was the reason for the joint 
replacement.)
    (M) Knee or hip joint replacement, or both, during an acute 
hospitalization immediately preceding the inpatient rehabilitation stay 
and also meet one or more of the following specific criteria:
    (1) The patient underwent bilateral knee or bilateral hip joint 
replacement surgery during the acute hospital admission immediately 
preceding the IRF admission.
    (2) The patient is extremely obese with a Body Mass Index of at 
least 50 at the time of admission to the IRF.
    (3) The patient is age 85 or older at the time of admission to the 
IRF.
    (3) Have in effect a preadmission screening procedure under which 
each prospective patient's condition and medical history are reviewed to 
determine whether the patient is likely to benefit significantly from an 
intensive inpatient hospital program or assessment.
    (4) Ensure that the patients receive close medical supervision and 
furnish, through the use of qualified personnel, rehabilitation nursing, 
physical therapy, and occupational therapy, plus, as needed, speech 
therapy, social or psychological services, and orthotic and prosthetic 
services.
    (5) Have a director of rehabilitation who--
    (i) Provides services to the hospital and its inpatients on a full-
time basis;
    (ii) Is a doctor of medicine or osteopathy;
    (iii) Is licensed under State law to practice medicine or surgery; 
and
    (iv) Has had, after completing a one-year hospital internship, at 
least two years of training or experience in the

[[Page 473]]

medical-management of inpatients requiring rehabilitation services.
    (6) Have a plan of treatment for each inpatient that is established, 
reviewed, and revised as needed by a physician in consultation with 
other professional personnel who provide services to the patient.
    (7) Use a coordinated multidisciplinary team approach in the 
rehabilitation of each inpatient, as documented by periodic clinical 
entries made in the patient's medical record to note the patient's 
status in relationship to goal attainment, and that team conferences are 
held at least every two weeks to determine the appropriateness of 
treatment.
    (8) A hospital that seeks classification under this paragraph as a 
rehabilitation hospital for the first full 12-month cost reporting 
period that occurs after it becomes a Medicare-participating hospital 
may provide a written certification that the inpatient population it 
intends to serve meets the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section, instead of showing that it has treated that population during 
its most recent 12-month cost reporting period. The written 
certification is also effective for any cost reporting period of not 
less than one month and not more than 11 months occurring between the 
date the hospital began participating in Medicare and the start of the 
hospital's regular 12-month cost reporting period.
    (9) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1991, if a hospital is excluded from the prospective payment systems 
specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) or is paid under the prospective payment 
system specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(3) for a cost reporting period under 
paragraph (b)(8) of this section, but the inpatient population it 
actually treated during that period does not meet the requirements of 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, we adjust payments to the hospital 
retroactively in accordance with the provisions in Sec. 412.130.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Children's hospitals. A children's hospital must--
    (1) Have a provider agreement under part 489 of this chapter to 
participate as a hospital; and
    (2) Be engaged in furnishing services to inpatients who are 
predominantly individuals under the age of 18.
    (e) Long-term care hospitals. A long-term care hospital must meet 
the requirements of paragraph (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section and, 
when applicable, the additional requirement of Sec. 412.22(e), to be 
excluded from the prospective payment system specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(1) and to be paid under the prospective payment system 
specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(4) and in Subpart O of this part.
    (1) Provider agreements. The hospital must have a provider agreement 
under Part 489 of this chapter to participate as a hospital; and
    (2) Average length of stay. (i) The hospital must have an average 
Medicare inpatient length of stay of greater than 25 days (which 
includes all covered and noncovered days of stay of Medicare patients) 
as calculated under paragraph (e)(3) of this section; or
    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after August 5, 
1997, a hospital that was first excluded from the prospective payment 
system under this section in 1986 meets the length of stay criterion if 
it has an average inpatient length of stay for all patients, including 
both Medicare and non-Medicare inpatients, of greater than 20 days and 
demonstrates that at least 80 percent of its annual Medicare inpatient 
discharges in the 12-month cost reporting period ending in fiscal year 
1997 have a principal diagnosis that reflects a finding of neoplastic 
disease as defined in paragraph (f)(1)(iv) of this section.
    (3) Calculation of average length of stay. (i) Subject to the 
provisions of paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) through (e)(3)(iv) of this section, 
the average Medicare inpatient length of stay specified under paragraph 
(e)(2)(i) of this section is calculated by dividing the total number of 
covered and noncovered days of stay of Medicare inpatients (less leave 
or pass days) by the number of total Medicare discharges for the 
hospital's most recent complete cost reporting period. Subject to the 
provisions of paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) through (e)(3)(iv) of this section, 
the average inpatient length of stay specified under paragraph 
(e)(2)(ii) of this section is calculated by dividing

[[Page 474]]

the total number of days for all patients, including both Medicare and 
non-Medicare inpatients (less leave or pass days) by the number of total 
discharges for the hospital's most recent complete cost reporting 
period.
    (ii) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 
1, 2004, in calculating the hospital's average length of stay, if the 
days of a stay of an inpatient involves days of care furnished during 
two or more separate consecutive cost reporting periods, that is, an 
admission during one cost reporting period and a discharge during a 
future consecutive cost reporting period, the total number of days of 
the stay are considered to have occurred in the cost reporting period 
during which the inpatient was discharged. However, if after application 
of this provision, a hospital fails to meet the average length of stay 
specified under paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section, Medicare 
will determine the hospital's average inpatient length of stay for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 2004, but before July 1, 
2005, by dividing the applicable total days for Medicare inpatients 
under paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section or the total days for all 
inpatients under paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section, during the cost 
reporting period when they occur, by the number of discharges occurring 
during the same cost reporting period.
    (iii) If a change in a hospital's average length of stay specified 
under paragraph (e)(2)(i) or paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section is 
indicated, the calculation is made by the same method for the period of 
at least 5 months of the immediately preceding 6-month period.
    (iv) If a hospital has undergone a change of ownership (as described 
in Sec. 489.18 of this chapter) at the start of a cost reporting period 
or at any time within the period of at least 5 months of the preceding 
6-month period, the hospital may be excluded from the prospective 
payment system as a long-term care hospital for a cost reporting period 
if, for the period of at least 5 months of the 6 months immediately 
preceding the start of the period (including time before the change of 
ownership), the hospital has the required average length of stay, 
continuously operated as a hospital, and continuously participated as a 
hospital in Medicare.
    (4) Rules applicable to new long-term care hospitals--(i) 
Definition. For purposes of payment under the long-term care hospital 
prospective payment system under subpart O of this part, a new long-term 
care hospital is a provider of inpatient hospital services that meets 
the qualifying criteria in paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section 
and, under present or previous ownership (or both), its first cost 
reporting period as a LTCH begins on or after October 1, 2002.
    (ii) Satellite facilities and remote locations of hospitals seeking 
to become new long-term care hospitals. Except as specified in paragraph 
(e)(4)(iii) of this section, a satellite facility (as defined in Sec. 
412.22(h)) or a remote location of a hospital (as defined in Sec. 
413.65(a)(2) of this chapter) that voluntarily reorganizes as a separate 
Medicare participating hospital, with or without a concurrent change in 
ownership, and that seeks to qualify as a new long-term care hospital 
for Medicare payment purposes must demonstrate through documentation 
that it meets the average length of stay requirement as specified under 
paragraphs (e)(2)(i) or (e)(2)(ii) of this section based on discharges 
that occur on or after the effective date of its participation under 
Medicare as a separate hospital.
    (iii) Provider-based facility or organization identified as a 
satellite facility and remote location of a hospital prior to July 1, 
2003. Satellite facilities and remote locations of hospitals that became 
subject to the provider-based status rules under Sec. 413.65 as of July 
1, 2003, that become separately participating hospitals, and that seek 
to qualify as long-term care hospitals for Medicare payment purposes may 
submit to the fiscal intermediary discharge data gathered during 5 
months of the immediate 6 months preceding the facility's separation 
from the main hospital for calculation of the average length of stay 
specified under paragraph (e)(2)(i) or paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this 
section.
    (f) Cancer hospitals--(1) General rule. Except as provided in 
paragraph (f)(2) of this section, if a hospital meets the following 
criteria, it is classified as a

[[Page 475]]

cancer hospital and is excluded from the prospective payment systems 
beginning with its first cost reporting period beginning on or after 
October 1, 1989. A hospital classified after December 19, 1989, is 
excluded beginning with its first cost reporting period beginning after 
the date of its classification.
    (i) It was recognized as a comprehensive cancer center or clinical 
cancer research center by the National Cancer Institute of the National 
Institutes of Health as of April 20, 1983.
    (ii) It is classified on or before December 31, 1990, or, if on 
December 19, 1989, the hospital was located in a State operating a 
demonstration project under section 1814(b) of the Act, the 
classification is made on or before December 31, 1991.
    (iii) It demonstrates that the entire facility is organized 
primarily for treatment of and research on cancer (that is, the facility 
is not a subunit of an acute general hospital or university-based 
medical center).
    (iv) It shows that at least 50 percent of its total discharges have 
a principal diagnosis that reflects a finding of neoplastic disease. 
(The principal diagnosis for this purpose is defined as the condition 
established after study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the 
admission of the patient to the hospital. For the purposes of meeting 
this definition, only discharges with ICD-9-CM principal diagnosis codes 
of 140 through 239, V58.0, V58.1, V66.1, V66.2, or 990 will be 
considered to reflect neoplastic disease.)
    (2) Alternative. A hospital that applied for and was denied, on or 
before December 31, 1990, classification as a cancer hospital under the 
criteria set forth in paragraph (f)(1) of this section is classified as 
a cancer hospital and is excluded from the prospective payment systems 
beginning with its first cost reporting period beginning on or after 
January 1, 1991, if it meets the criterion set forth in paragraph 
(f)(1)(i) of this section and the hospital is--
    (i) Licensed for fewer than 50 acute care beds as of August 5, 1997;
    (ii) Is located in a State that as of December 19, 1989, was not 
operating a demonstration project under section 1814(b) of the Act; and
    (iii) Demonstrates that, for the 4-year period ending on December 
31, 1996, at least 50 percent of its total discharges have a principal 
diagnosis that reflects a finding of neoplastic disease as defined in 
paragraph (f)(1)(iv) of this section.
    (g) Hospitals outside the 50 States, the District of Columbia, or 
Puerto Rico. A hospital is excluded from the prospective payment systems 
if it is not located in one of the fifty States, the District of 
Columbia, or Puerto Rico.
    (h) Hospitals reimbursed under special arrangements. A hospital must 
be excluded from prospective payment for inpatient hospital services if 
it is reimbursed under special arrangement as provided in Sec. 
412.22(c).
    (i) Changes in classification of hospitals. For purposes of 
exclusions from the prospective payment system, the classification of a 
hospital is effective for the hospital's entire cost reporting period. 
Any changes in the classification of a hospital are made only at the 
start of a cost reporting period.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 35688, Sept. 3, 1985; 
51 FR 22041, June 17, 1986; 51 FR 31496, Sept. 3, 1986; 52 FR 33057, 
Sept. 1, 1987; 55 FR 36068, Sept. 4, 1990; 55 FR 46887, Nov. 7, 1990; 56 
FR 43240, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 39820, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45396, Sept. 
1, 1994; 60 FR 45846, Sept. 1, 1995; 62 FR 46026, Aug. 29, 1997; 66 FR 
39933, Aug. 1, 2001; 66 FR 41386, Aug. 7, 2001; 67 FR 56048, Aug. 30, 
2002; 68 FR 45469, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 25720, May 7, 2004; 69 FR 25775, 
May 7, 2004; 69 FR 66976, Nov. 15, 2004; 71 FR 48408, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.25  Excluded hospital units: Common requirements.

    (a) Basis for exclusion. In order to be excluded from the 
prospective payment systems as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) and be 
paid under the inpatient psychiatric facility prospective payment system 
as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(2) or the inpatient rehabilitation 
facility prospective payment system as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(3), a 
psychiatric or rehabilitation unit must meet the following requirements.
    (1) Be part of an institution that--
    (i) Has in effect an agreement under part 489 of this chapter to 
participate as a hospital;
    (ii) Is not excluded in its entirety from the prospective payment 
systems; and

[[Page 476]]

    (iii) Has enough beds that are not excluded from the prospective 
payment systems to permit the provision of adequate cost information, as 
required by Sec. 413.24(c) of this chapter.
    (2) Have written admission criteria that are applied uniformly to 
both Medicare and non-Medicare patients.
    (3) Have admission and discharge records that are separately 
identified from those of the hospital in which it is located and are 
readily available.
    (4) Have policies specifying that necessary clinical information is 
transferred to the unit when a patient of the hospital is transferred to 
the unit.
    (5) Meet applicable State licensure laws.
    (6) Have utilization review standards applicable for the type of 
care offered in the unit.
    (7) Have beds physically separate from (that is, not commingled 
with) the hospital's other beds.
    (8) Be serviced by the same fiscal intermediary as the hospital.
    (9) Be treated as a separate cost center for cost finding and 
apportionment purposes.
    (10) Use an accounting system that properly allocates costs.
    (11) Maintain adequate statistical data to support the basis of 
allocation.
    (12) Report its costs in the hospital's cost report covering the 
same fiscal period and using the same method of apportionment as the 
hospital.
    (13) As of the first day of the first cost reporting period for 
which all other exclusion requirements are met, the unit is fully 
equipped and staffed and is capable of providing hospital inpatient 
psychiatric or rehabilitation care regardless of whether there are any 
inpatients in the unit on that date.
    (b) Changes in the size of excluded units. For purposes of 
exclusions from the prospective payment systems under this section, 
changes in the number of beds and square footage considered to be part 
of each excluded unit are allowed as specified in paragraphs (b)(1) 
through (b)(3) of this section.
    (1) Increase in size. Except as described in paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section, the number of beds and square footage of an excluded unit 
may be increased only at the start of a cost reporting period.
    (2) Decrease in size. Except as described in paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section, the number of beds and square footage of an excluded unit 
may be decreased at any time during a cost reporting period if the 
hospital notifies its fiscal intermediary and the CMS Regional Office in 
writing of the planned decrease at least 30 days before the date of the 
decrease, and maintains the information needed to accurately determine 
costs that are attributable to the excluded unit. Any decrease in the 
number of beds or square footage considered to be part of an excluded 
unit made during a cost reporting period must remain in effect for the 
rest of that cost reporting period.
    (3) Exception to changes in square footage and bed size. The number 
of beds in an excluded unit may be decreased, and the square footage 
considered to be part of the unit may be either increased or decreased, 
at any time, if these changes are made necessary by relocation of a 
unit--
    (i) To permit construction or renovation necessary for compliance 
with changes in Federal, State, or local law affecting the physical 
facility; or
    (ii) Because of catastrophic events such as fires, floods, 
earthquakes, or tornadoes.
    (c) Changes in the status of hospital units. For purposes of 
exclusions from the prospective payment systems under this section, the 
status of each hospital unit (excluded or not excluded) is determined as 
specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
    (1) The status of a hospital unit may be changed from not excluded 
to excluded only at the start of the cost reporting period. If a unit is 
added to a hospital after the start of a cost reporting period, it 
cannot be excluded from the prospective payment systems before the start 
of a hospital's next cost reporting period.
    (2) The status of a hospital unit may be changed from excluded to 
not excluded at any time during a cost reporting period, but only if the 
hospital notifies the fiscal intermediary and the CMS Regional Office in 
writing of the change at least 30 days before the date of the change, 
and maintains the information needed to accurately determine costs that 
are or are not attributable

[[Page 477]]

to the excluded unit. A change in the status of a unit from excluded to 
not excluded that is made during a cost reporting period must remain in 
effect for the rest of that cost reporting period.
    (d) Number of excluded units. Each hospital may have only one unit 
of each type (psychiatric or rehabilitation) excluded from the 
prospective payment systems.
    (e) Satellite facilities. (1) For purposes of paragraphs (e)(2) 
through (e)(5) of this section, a satellite facility is a part of a 
hospital unit that provides inpatient services in a building also used 
by another hospital, or in one or more entire buildings located on the 
same campus as buildings used by another hospital.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraphs (e)(3) and (e)(6) of this 
section, effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1999, a hospital that has a satellite facility must meet the 
following criteria in order to be excluded from the acute care hospital 
inpatient prospective payment systems for any period:
    (i) In the case of a unit excluded from the prospective payment 
systems for the most recent cost reporting period beginning before 
October 1, 1997, the unit's number of State-licensed and Medicare-
certified beds, including those at the satellite facility, does not 
exceed the unit's number of State-licensed and Medicare-certified beds 
on the last day of the unit's last cost reporting period beginning 
before October 1, 1997.
    (ii) The satellite facility independently complies with--
    (A) For a rehabilitation unit, the requirements under Sec. 
412.23(b)(2); or
    (B) For a psychiatric unit, the requirements under Sec. 412.27(a).
    (iii) The satellite facility meets all of the following 
requirements:
    (A) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002, it is not under the control of the governing body or 
chief executive officer of the hospital in which it is located, and it 
furnishes inpatient care through the use of medical personnel who are 
not under the control of the medical staff or chief medical officer of 
the hospital in which it is located.
    (B) It maintains admission and discharge records that are separately 
identified from those of the hospital in which it is located and are 
readily available.
    (C) It has beds that are physically separate from (that is, not 
commingled with) the beds of the hospital in which it is located.
    (D) It is serviced by the same fiscal intermediary as the hospital 
unit of which it is a part.
    (E) It is treated as a separate cost center of the hospital unit of 
which it is a part.
    (F) For cost reporting and apportionment purposes, it uses an 
accounting system that properly allocates costs and maintains adequate 
statistical data to support the basis of allocation.
    (G) It reports its costs on the cost report of the hospital of which 
it is a part, covering the same fiscal period and using the same method 
of apportionment as the hospital of which it is a part.
    (3) Except as specified in paragraphs (e)(4) and (e)(5) of this 
section, the provisions of paragraph (e)(2) of this section do not apply 
to any unit structured as a satellite facility on September 30, 1999, 
and excluded from the prospective payment systems on that date, to the 
extent the unit continues operating under the same terms and conditions, 
including the number of beds and square footage considered to be part of 
the unit at the satellite facility on September 30, 1999.
    (4) In applying the provisions of paragraph (e)(3) of this section, 
any unit structured as a satellite facility on September 30, 1999, may 
increase or decrease the square footage of the satellite facility or may 
decrease the number of beds in the satellite facility considered to be 
part of the satellite facility at any time, if these changes are made by 
the relocation of a facility--
    (i) To permit construction or renovation necessary for compliance 
with changes in Federal, State, or local law affecting the physical 
facility; or
    (ii) Because of catastrophic events such as fires, floods, 
earthquakes, or tornadoes.

[[Page 478]]

    (5) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2006, in applying the provisions of paragraph (e)(3) of this section--
    (i) Any unit structured as a satellite facility on September 30, 
1999, may increase the square footage of the unit only at the beginning 
of a cost reporting period or decrease the square footage or number of 
beds considered to be part of the satellite facility subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (b)(2) of this section, without affecting the 
provisions of paragraph (e)(3) of this section; and
    (ii) If the unit structured as a satellite facility decreases its 
number of beds below the number of beds considered to be part of the 
satellite facility on September 30, 1999, subject to the provisions of 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, it may subsequently increase the 
number of beds at the beginning or a cost reporting period as long as 
the resulting total number of beds considered to be part of the 
satellite facility does not exceed the number of beds at the satellite 
facility on September 30, 1999.
    (6) The provisions of paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section do not 
apply to any inpatient rehabilitation facility that is subject to the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment system under 
subpart P of this part, effective for cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 2003.
    (f) Changes in classification of hospital units. For purposes of 
exclusions from the prospective payment system under this section, the 
classification of a hospital unit is effective for the unit's entire 
cost reporting period. Any changes in the classification of a hospital 
unit is made only at the start of a cost reporting period.
    (g) CAH units not meeting applicable requirements. If a psychiatric 
or rehabilitation unit of a CAH does not meet the requirements of Sec. 
485.647 with respect to a cost reporting period, no payment may be made 
to the CAH for services furnished in that unit for that period. Payment 
to the CAH for services in the unit may resume only after the start of 
the first cost reporting period beginning after the unit has 
demonstrated to CMS that the unit meets the requirements of Sec. 
485.647.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39820, Sept. 1, 1992; 
58 FR 46337, Sept. 1, 1993; 59 FR 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 64 FR 41540, 
July 30, 1999; 66 FR 39933, Aug. 1, 2001; 66 FR 41387, Aug. 7, 2001; 67 
FR 50111, Aug. 1, 2002; 68 FR 45469 and 45698, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 
49241, Aug. 11, 2004; 69 FR 66976, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 47952, Aug. 15, 
2005; 71 FR 48137, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.27  Excluded psychiatric units: Additional requirements.

    In order to be excluded from the prospective payment system as 
specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1), and paid under the prospective payment 
system as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(2), a psychiatric unit must meet 
the following requirements:
    (a) Admit only patients whose admission to the unit is required for 
active treatment, of an intensity that can be provided appropriately 
only in an inpatient hospital setting, of a psychiatric principal 
diagnosis that is listed in the Fourth Edition, Text Revision of the 
American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, or 
in Chapter Five (``Mental Disorders'') of the International 
Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.
    (b) Furnish, through the use of qualified personnel, psychological 
services, social work services, psychiatric nursing, and therapeutic 
activities.
    (c) Maintain medical records that permit determination of the degree 
and intensity of the treatment provided to individuals who are furnished 
services in the unit, and that meet the following requirements:
    (1) Development of assessment/diagnostic data. Medical records must 
stress the psychiatric components of the record, including history of 
findings and treatment provided for the psychiatric condition for which 
the inpatient is treated in the unit.
    (i) The identification data must include the inpatient's legal 
status.
    (ii) A provisional or admitting diagnosis must be made on every 
inpatient at the time of admission, and must include the diagnoses of 
intercurrent diseases as well as the psychiatric diagnoses.
    (iii) The reasons for admission must be clearly documented as stated 
by the

[[Page 479]]

inpatient or others significantly involved, or both.
    (iv) The social service records, including reports of interviews 
with inpatients, family members, and others must provide an assessment 
of home plans and family attitudes, and community resource contacts as 
well as a social history.
    (v) When indicated, a complete neurological examination must be 
recorded at the time of the admission physical examination.
    (2) Psychiatric evaluation. Each inpatient must receive a 
psychiatric evaluation that must--
    (i) Be completed within 60 hours of admission;
    (ii) Include a medical history;
    (iii) Contain a record of mental status;
    (iv) Note the onset of illness and the circumstances leading to 
admission;
    (v) Describe attitudes and behavior;
    (vi) Estimate intellectual functioning, memory functioning, and 
orientation; and
    (vii) Include an inventory of the inpatient's assets in descriptive, 
not interpretative fashion.
    (3) Treatment plan. (i) Each inpatient must have an individual 
comprehensive treatment plan that must be based on an inventory of the 
inpatient's strengths and disabilities. The written plan must include a 
substantiated diagnosis; short-term and long-term goals; the specific 
treatment modalities utilized; the responsibilities of each member of 
the treatment team; and adequate documentation to justify the diagnosis 
and the treatment and rehabilitation activities carried out; and
    (ii) The treatment received by the inpatient must be documented in 
such a way as to assure that all active therapeutic efforts are 
included.
    (4) Recording progress. Progress notes must be recorded by the 
doctor of medicine or osteopathy responsible for the care of the 
inpatient, a nurse, social worker and, when appropriate, others 
significantly involved in active treatment modalities. The frequency of 
progress notes is determined by the condition of the inpatient but must 
be recorded at least weekly for the first two months and at least once a 
month thereafter and must contain recommendations for revisions in the 
treatment plan as indicated as well as precise assessment of the 
inpatient's progress in accordance with the original or revised 
treatment plan.
    (5) Discharge planning and discharge summary. The record of each 
patient who has been discharged must have a discharge summary that 
includes a recapitulation of the inpatient's hospitalization in the unit 
and recommendations from appropriate services concerning follow-up or 
aftercare as well as a brief summary of the patient's condition on 
discharge.
    (d) Meet special staff requirements in that the unit must have 
adequate numbers of qualified professional and supportive staff to 
evaluate inpatients, formulate written, individualized, comprehensive 
treatment plans, provide active treatment measures and engage in 
discharge planning, as follows:
    (1) Personnel. The unit must employ or undertake to provide adequate 
numbers of qualified professional, technical, and consultative personnel 
to--
    (i) Evaluate inpatients;
    (ii) Formulate written, individualized, comprehensive treatment 
plans;
    (iii) Provide active treatment measures; and
    (iv) Engage in discharge planning.
    (2) Director of inpatient psychiatric services: Medical staff. 
Inpatient psychiatric services must be under the supervision of a 
clinical director, service chief, or equivalent who is qualified to 
provide the leadership required for an intensive treatment program. The 
number and qualifications of doctors of medicine and osteopathy must be 
adequate to provide essential psychiatric services.
    (i) The clinical director, service chief, or equivalent must meet 
the training and experience requirements for examination by the American 
Board of Psychiatry and Neurology or the American Osteopathic Board of 
Neurology and Psychiatry.
    (ii) The director must monitor and evaluate the quality and 
appropriateness of services and treatment provided by the medical staff.
    (3) Nursing services. The unit must have a qualified director of 
psychiatric

[[Page 480]]

nursing services. In addition to the director of nursing, there must be 
adequate numbers of registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and 
mental health workers to provide nursing care necessary under each 
inpatient's active treatment program and to maintain progress notes on 
each inpatient.
    (i) The director of psychiatric nursing services must be a 
registered nurse who has a master's degree in psychiatric or mental 
health nursing, or its equivalent, from a school of nursing accredited 
by the National League for Nursing, or be qualified by education and 
experience in the care of the mentally ill. The director must 
demonstrate competence to participate in interdisciplinary formulation 
of individual treatment plans; to give skilled nursing care and therapy; 
and to direct, monitor, and evaluate the nursing care furnished.
    (ii) The staffing pattern must ensure the availability of a 
registered nurse 24 hours each day. There must be adequate numbers of 
registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and mental health workers 
to provide the nursing care necessary under each inpatient's active 
treatment program.
    (4) Psychological services. The unit must provide or have available 
psychological services to meet the needs of the inpatients. The services 
must be furnished in accordance with acceptable standards of practice, 
service objectives, and established policies and procedures.
    (5) Social services. There must be a director of social services who 
monitors and evaluates the quality and appropriateness of social 
services furnished. The services must be furnished in accordance with 
accepted standards of practice and established policies and procedures. 
Social service staff responsibilities must include, but are not limited 
to, participating in discharge planning, arranging for follow-up care, 
and developing mechanisms for exchange of appropriate information with 
sources outside the hospital.
    (6) Therapeutic activities. The unit must provide a therapeutic 
activities program.
    (i) The program must be appropriate to the needs and interests of 
inpatients and be directed toward restoring and maintaining optimal 
levels of physical and psychosocial functioning.
    (ii) The number of qualified therapists, support personnel, and 
consultants must be adequate to provide comprehensive therapeutic 
activities consistent with each inpatient's active treatment program.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39820, Sept. 1, 1992; 
59 FR 45397, 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 69 FR 66976, Nov. 15, 2004; 71 FR 
27086, May 9, 2006]



Sec. 412.29  Excluded rehabilitation units: Additional requirements.

    In order to be excluded from the prospective payment systems 
described in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) and to be paid under the prospective 
payment system specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(3), a rehabilitation unit 
must meet the following requirements:
    (a) Have met either the requirements for--
    (1) New units under Sec. 412.30(a); or
    (2) Converted units under Sec. 412.30(c).
    (b) Have in effect a preadmission screening procedure under which 
each prospective patient's condition and medical history are reviewed to 
determine whether the patient is likely to benefit significantly from an 
intensive inpatient program or assessment.
    (c) Ensure that the patients receive close medical supervision and 
furnish, through the use of qualified personnel, rehabilitation nursing, 
physical therapy, and occupational therapy, plus, as needed, speech 
therapy, social services or psychological services, and orthotic and 
prosthetic services.
    (d) Have a plan of treatment for each inpatient that is established, 
reviewed, and revised as needed by a physician in consultation with 
other professional personnel who provide services to the patient.
    (e) Use a coordinated multidisciplinary team approach in the 
rehabilitation of each inpatient, as documented by periodic clinical 
entries made in the patient's medical record to note the patient's 
status in relationship to goal attainment, and that team conferences are 
held at least every two weeks to determine the appropriateness of 
treatment.
    (f) Have a director of rehabilitation who--

[[Page 481]]

    (1) Provides services to the unit and to its inpatients for at least 
20 hours per week;
    (2) Is a doctor of medicine or osteopathy;
    (3) Is licensed under State law to practice medicine or surgery; and
    (4) Has had, after completing a one-year hospital internship, at 
least two years of training or experience in the medical management of 
inpatients requiring rehabilitation services.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992; 
59 FR 45397, 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 45847, Sept. 1, 1995; 66 FR 
41387, Aug. 7, 2001; 68 FR 45699, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 66976, Nov. 15, 
2004]



Sec. 412.30  Exclusion of new rehabilitation units and expansion of units 
already excluded.

    (a) Bed capacity in units. A decrease in bed capacity must remain in 
effect for at least a full 12-month cost reporting period before an 
equal or lesser number of beds can be added to the hospital's licensure 
and certification and considered ``new'' under paragraph (b) of this 
section. Thus, when a hospital seeks to establish a new unit under the 
criteria under paragraph (b) of this section, or to enlarge an existing 
unit under the criteria under paragraph (d) of this section, the 
regional office will review its records on the facility to determine 
whether any beds have been delicensed and decertified during the 12-
month cost reporting period before the period for which the hospital 
seeks to add the beds. To the extent bed capacity was removed from the 
hospital's licensure and certification during that period, that amount 
of bed capacity may not be considered ``new'' under paragraph (b) of 
this section.
    (b) New units. (1) A hospital unit is considered a new unit if the 
hospital--
    (i) Has not previously sought exclusion for any rehabilitation unit; 
and
    (ii) Has obtained approval, under State licensure and Medicare 
certification, for an increase in its hospital bed capacity that is 
greater than 50 percent of the number of beds in the unit.
    (2) A hospital that seeks exclusion of a new rehabilitation unit may 
provide a written certification that the inpatient population the 
hospital intends the unit to serve meets the requirements of Sec. 
412.23(b)(2) instead of showing that the unit has treated such a 
population during the hospital's most recent cost reporting period.
    (3) The written certification described in paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section is effective for the first full cost reporting period during 
which the unit is used to provide hospital inpatient care.
    (4) If a hospital that has not previously participated in the 
Medicare program seeks exclusion of a rehabilitation unit, it may 
designate certain beds as a new rehabilitation unit for the first full 
12-month cost reporting period that occurs after it becomes a Medicare-
participating hospital. The written certification described in paragraph 
(b)(2) of this section also is effective for any cost reporting period 
of not less than 1 month and not more than 11 months occurring between 
the date the hospital began participating in Medicare and the start of 
the hospital's regular 12-month cost reporting period.
    (5) A hospital that has undergone a change of ownership or leasing 
as defined in Sec. 489.18 of this chapter is not considered to have 
participated previously in the Medicare program.
    (c) Converted units. A hospital unit is considered a converted unit 
if it does not qualify as a new unit under paragraph (a) of this 
section. A converted unit must have treated, for the hospital's most 
recent, consecutive, and appropriate 12-month time period (as defined by 
CMS or the fiscal intermediary), an inpatient population meeting the 
requirements of Sec. 412.23(b)(2).
    (d) Expansion of excluded rehabilitation units.--(1) New bed 
capacity. The beds that a hospital seeks to add to its excluded 
rehabilitation unit are considered new beds only if--
    (i) The hospital's State-licensed and Medicare-certified bed 
capacity increases at the start of the cost reporting period for which 
the hospital seeks to increase the size of its excluded rehabilitation 
unit, or at any time after the start of the preceding cost reporting 
period; and

[[Page 482]]

    (ii) The hospital has obtained approval, under State licensure and 
Medicare certification, for an increase in its hospital bed capacity 
that is greater than 50 percent of the number of beds it seeks to add to 
the unit.
    (2) Conversion of existing bed capacity. (i) Bed capacity is 
considered to be existing bed capacity if it does not meet the 
definition of new bed capacity under paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (ii) A hospital may increase the size of its excluded rehabilitation 
unit through the conversion of existing bed capacity only if it shows 
that, for the hospital's most recent, consecutive, and appropriate 12-
month time period (as defined by CMS or the fiscal intermediary), the 
beds have been used to treat an inpatient population meeting the 
requirements of Sec. 412.23(b)(2).
    (e) Retroactive adjustments for certain units. For cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 1991, if a hospital has a new 
rehabilitation unit excluded from the prospective payment systems for a 
cost reporting period under paragraph (a) of this section or expands an 
existing rehabilitation unit under paragraph (c) of this section, but 
the inpatient population actually treated in the new unit or the beds 
added to the existing unit during that cost reporting period does not 
meet the requirements in Sec. 412.23(b)(2), CMS adjusts payments to the 
hospital retroactively in accordance with the provisions in Sec. 
412.130 of this part.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 56 FR 43420, Aug. 30, 1991; 
57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 45847, 
Sept. 1, 1995; 62 FR 46027, Aug. 29, 1997; 68 FR 45699, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 
FR 25776, May 7, 2004]



 Subpart C_Conditions for Payment Under the Prospective Payment Systems 
    for Inpatient Operating Costs and Inpatient Capital-Related Costs



Sec. 412.40  General requirements.

    (a) A hospital must meet the conditions of this subpart to receive 
payment under the prospective payment systems for inpatient hospital 
services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries.
    (b) If a hospital fails to comply fully with these conditions with 
respect to inpatient hospital services furnished to one or more Medicare 
beneficiaries, CMS may, as appropriate--
    (1) Withhold Medicare payment (in full or in part) to the hospital 
until the hospital provides adequate assurances of compliance; or
    (2) Terminate the hospital's provider agreement.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.42  Limitations on charges to beneficiaries.

    (a) Prohibited charges. A hospital may not charge a beneficiary for 
any services for which payment is made by Medicare, even if the 
hospital's costs of furnishing services to that beneficiary are greater 
than the amount the hospital is paid under the prospective payment 
systems.
    (b) Permitted charges--Stay covered. A hospital receiving payment 
under the prospective payment systems for a covered hospital stay (that 
is, a stay that includes at least one covered day) may charge the 
Medicare beneficiary or other person only for the following:
    (1) The applicable deductible and coinsurance amounts under 
Sec. Sec. 409.82, 409.83, and 409.87 of this chapter.
    (2) Noncovered items and services, furnished at any time during a 
covered stay, unless they are excluded from coverage only on the basis 
of the following:
    (i) The exclusion of custodial care under Sec. 405.310(g) of this 
chapter (see paragraph (c) of this section for when charges may be made 
for custodial care).
    (ii) The exclusion of medically unnecessary items and services under 
Sec. 405.310(k) of this chapter (see paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 
section for when charges may be made for medically unnecessary items and 
services).
    (iii) The exclusion under Sec. 405.310(m) of this chapter of 
nonphysician services furnished to hospital inpatients by other than the 
hospital or a provider or supplier under arrangements made by the 
hospital.
    (iv) The exclusion of items and services furnished when the patient 
is not entitled to Medicare Part A benefits under subpart A of part 406 
of this

[[Page 483]]

chapter (see paragraph (e) of this section for when charges may be made 
for items and services furnished when the patient is not entitled to 
benefits).
    (v) The exclusion of items and services furnished after Medicare 
Part A benefits are exhausted under Sec. 409.61 of this chapter (see 
paragraph (e) of this section for when charges may be made for items and 
services furnished after benefits are exhausted).
    (c) Custodial care and medically unnecessary inpatient hospital 
care. A hospital may charge a beneficiary for services excluded from 
coverage on the basis of Sec. 411.15(g) of this chapter (custodial 
care) or Sec. 411.15(k) of this chapter (medically unnecessary 
services) and furnished by the hospital after all of the following 
conditions have been met:
    (1) The hospital (acting directly or through its utilization review 
committee) determines that the beneficiary no longer requires inpatient 
hospital care. (The phrase ``inpatient hospital care'' includes cases 
where a beneficiary needs a SNF level of care, but, under Medicare 
criteria, a SNF-level bed is not available. This also means that a 
hospital may find that a patient awaiting SNF placement no longer 
requires inpatient hospital care because either a SNF-level bed has 
become available or the patient no longer requires SNF-level care.)
    (2) The attending physician agrees with the hospital's determination 
in writing (for example, by issuing a written discharge order). If the 
hospital believes that the beneficiary does not require inpatient 
hospital care but is unable to obtain the agreement of the physician, it 
may request an immediate review of the case by the QIO. Concurrence by 
the QIO in the hospital's determination will serve in lieu of the 
physician's agreement.
    (3) The hospital (acting directly or through its utilization review 
committee) notifies the beneficiary (or person acting on his or her 
behalf) in writing that--
    (i) In the hospital's opinion, and with the attending physician's 
concurrence or that of the QIO, the beneficiary no longer requires 
inpatient hospital care;
    (ii) Customary charges will be made for continued hospital care 
beyond the second day following the date of the notice;
    (iii) The QIO will make a formal determination on the validity of 
the hospital's finding if the beneficiary remains in the hospital after 
he or she is liable for charges;
    (iv) The determination of the QIO made after the beneficiary 
received the purportedly noncovered services will be appealable by the 
hospital, the attending physician, or the beneficiary under the appeals 
procedures that apply to QIO determinations affecting Medicare Part A 
payment; and
    (v) The charges for continued care will be invalid and refunded if 
collected by the hospital, to the extent that a finding is made that the 
beneficiary required continued care beyond the point indicated by the 
hospital.
    (4) If the beneficiary remains in the hospital after the appropriate 
notification, and the hospital, the physician who concurred in the 
hospital determination on which the notice was based, or QIO 
subsequently finds that the beneficiary requires an acute level of 
inpatient hospital care, the hospital may not charge the beneficiary for 
continued care until the hospital once again determines that the 
beneficiary no longer requires inpatient care, secures concurrence, and 
notifies the beneficiary, as required in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2), and 
(c)(3) of this section.
    (d) Medically unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic services. A 
hospital may charge a beneficiary for diagnostic procedures and studies, 
and therapeutic procedures and courses of treatment (for example, 
experimental procedures) that are excluded from coverage under Sec. 
411.15(k) of this chapter (medically unnecessary items and services), 
even though the beneficiary requires continued inpatient hospital care, 
if those services are furnished after the beneficiary (or the person 
acting on his or her behalf) has acknowledged in writing that the 
hospital (acting directly or through its utilization review committee 
and with the concurrence of the intermediary) has informed him or her as 
follows:
    (1) In the hospital's opinion, which has been agreed to by the 
intermediary, the services to be furnished

[[Page 484]]

are not considered reasonable and necessary under Medicare.
    (2) Customary charges will be made if he or she receives the 
services.
    (3) If the beneficiary receives the services, a formal determination 
on the validity of the hospital's finding is made by the intermediary 
and, to the extent that the decision requires the exercise of medical 
judgment, the QIO.
    (4) The determination is appealable by the hospital, the attending 
physician, or the beneficiary under the appeals procedure that applies 
to determinations affecting Medicare Part A payment.
    (5) The charges for the services will be invalid and, to the extent 
collected, will be refunded by the hospital if the services are found to 
be covered by Medicare.
    (e) Services furnished on days when the individual is not entitled 
to Medicare Part A benefits or has exhausted the available benefits. The 
hospital may charge the beneficiary its customary charges for noncovered 
items and services furnished on outlier days (as described in Subpart F 
of this part) for which payment is denied because the beneficiary is not 
entitled to Medicare Part A or his or her Medicare Part A benefits are 
exhausted. (1) If payment is considered for outlier days, the entire 
stay is reviewed and days up to the number of days in excess of the 
outlier threshold may be denied on the basis of nonentitlement to Part A 
or exhaustion of benefits. (2) In applying this rule, the latest days 
will be denied first.
    (f) Differential for private room or other luxury services. The 
hospital may charge the beneficiary the customary charge differential 
for a private room or other luxury service that is more expensive than 
is medically required and is furnished for the personal comfort of the 
beneficiary at his or her request (or the request of the person acting 
on his or her behalf).
    (g) Review. (1) The QIO or intermediary may review any cases in 
which the hospital advises the beneficiary (or the person acting on his 
or her behalf) of the noncoverage of the services in accordance with 
paragraph (c)(3) or (d) of this section.
    (2) The hospital must identify such cases to the QIO or intermediary 
in accordance with CMS instructions.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 35688, Sept. 3, 1985; 
54 FR 41747, Oct. 11, 1989; 57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992; 71 FR 48137, 
Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.44  Medical review requirements: Admissions and quality review.

    Beginning on November 15, 1984, a hospital must have an agreement 
with a QIO to have the QIO review, on an ongoing basis, the following:
    (a) The medical necessity, reasonableness and appropriateness of 
hospital admissions and discharges.
    (b) The medical necessity, reasonableness and appropriateness of 
inpatient hospital care for which additional payment is sought under the 
outlier provisions of Sec. Sec. 412.82 and 412.84 of this chapter.
    (c) The validity of the hospital's diagnostic and procedural 
information.
    (d) The completeness, adequacy, and quality of the services 
furnished in the hospital.
    (e) Other medical or other practices with respect to beneficiaries 
or billing for services furnished to beneficiaries.

[50 FR 15326, Apr. 17, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 35689, Sept. 3, 1985; 
50 FR 41886, Oct. 16, 1985]



Sec. 412.46  Medical review requirements: Physician acknowledgement.

    (a) Basis. Because payment under the prospective payment system is 
based in part on each patient's principal and secondary diagnoses and 
major procedures performed, as evidenced by the physician's entries in 
the patient's medical record, physicians must complete an 
acknowledgement statement to this effect.
    (b) Content of physician acknowledgement statement. When a claim is 
submitted, the hospital must have on file a signed and dated 
acknowledgement from the attending physician that the physician has 
received the following notice:

    Notice to Physicians: Medicare payment to hospitals is based in part 
on each patient's principal and secondary diagnoses and the major 
procedures performed on the patient, as attested to by the patient's 
attending physician by virtue of his or her signature in

[[Page 485]]

the medical record. Anyone who misrepresents, falsifies, or conceals 
essential information required for payment of Federal funds, may be 
subject to fine, imprisonment, or civil penalty under applicable Federal 
laws.

    (c) Completion of acknowledgement. The acknowledgement must be 
completed by the physician at the time that the physician is granted 
admitting privileges at the hospital, or before or at the time the 
physician admits his or her first patient. Existing acknowledgements 
signed by physicians already on staff remain in effect as long as the 
physician has admitting privileges at the hospital.

[60 FR 45847, Sept. 1, 1995]



Sec. 412.48  Denial of payment as a result of admissions and quality review.

    (a) If CMS determines, on the basis of information supplied by a QIO 
that a hospital has misrepresented admissions, discharges, or billing 
information, or has taken an action that results in the unnecessary 
admission of an individual entitled to benefits under Part A, 
unnecessary multiple admissions of an individual, or other inappropriate 
medical or other practices with respect to beneficiaries or billing for 
services furnished to beneficiaries, CMS may as appropriate--
    (1) Deny payment (in whole or in part) under Part A with respect to 
inpatient hospital services provided with respect to such an unnecessary 
admission or subsequent readmission of an individual; or
    (2) Require the hospital to take other corrective action necessary 
to prevent or correct the inappropriate practice.
    (b) When payment with respect to admission of an individual patient 
is denied by a QIO under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and liability 
is not waived in accordance with Sec. Sec. 411.400 through 411.402 of 
this chapter, notice and appeals are provided under procedures 
established by CMS to implement the provisions of section 1155 of the 
Act, Right to Hearing and Judicial Review.
    (c) A determination under paragraph (a) of this section, if it is 
related to a pattern of inappropriate admissions and billing practices 
that has the effect of circumventing the prospective payment systems, is 
referred to the Department's Office of Inspector General, for handling 
in accordance with Sec. 1001.301 of this title.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 35688, 35689, Sept. 3, 
1985; 51 FR 34787, Sept. 30, 1986; 57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992; 71 FR 
48137, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.50  Furnishing of inpatient hospital services directly or under 
arrangements.

    (a) The applicable payments made under the prospective payment 
systems, as described in subparts H and M of this part, are payment in 
full for all inpatient hospital services, as defined in Sec. 409.10 of 
this chapter. Inpatient hospital services do not include the following 
types of services:
    (1) Physician services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
415.102(a) of this chapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (2) Physician assistant services, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act.
    (3) Nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
defined in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (4) Certified nurse mid-wife services, as defined in section 
1861(gg) of the Act.
    (5) Qualified psychologist services, as defined in section 1861(ii) 
of the Act.
    (6) Services of an anesthetist, as defined in Sec. 410.69 of this 
chapter.
    (b) CMS does not pay any provider or supplier other than the 
hospital for services furnished to a beneficiary who is an inpatient, 
except for the services described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of 
this section.
    (c) The hospital must furnish all necessary covered services to the 
beneficiary either directly or under arrangements (as defined in Sec. 
409.3 of this chapter).

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 53 FR 38527, Sept. 30, 1988; 
57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992; 60 FR 63188, Dec. 8, 1995; 65 FR 18537, Apr. 
7, 2000]



Sec. 412.52  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    All hospitals participating in the prospective payment systems must 
meet the recordkeeping and cost reporting

[[Page 486]]

requirements of Sec. Sec. 413.20 and 413.24 of this chapter.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 
57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992]



Subpart D_Basic Methodology for Determining Prospective Payment Federal 
                   Rates for Inpatient Operating Costs



Sec. 412.60  DRG classification and weighting factors.

    (a) Diagnosis-related groups. CMS establishs a classification of 
inpatient hospital discharges by Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs).
    (b) DRG weighting factors. CMS assigns, for each DRG, an appropriate 
weighting factor that reflects the estimated relative cost of hospital 
resources used with respect to discharges classified within that group 
compared to discharges classified within other groups.
    (c) Assignment of discharges to DRGs. CMS establishs a methodology 
for classifying specific hospital discharges within DRGs which ensures 
that each hospital discharge is appropriately assigned to a single DRG 
based on essential data abstracted from the inpatient bill for that 
discharge.
    (1) The classification of a particular discharge is based, as 
appropriate, on the patient's age, sex, principal diagnosis (that is, 
the diagnosis established after study to be chiefly responsible for 
causing the patient's admission to the hospital), secondary diagnoses, 
procedures performed, and discharge status.
    (2) Each discharge is assigned to only one DRG (related, except as 
provided in paragraph (c)(3) of this section, to the patient's principal 
diagnosis) regardless of the number of conditions treated or services 
furnished during the patient's stay.
    (3) When the discharge data submitted by a hospital show a surgical 
procedure unrelated to a patient's principal diagnosis, the bill is 
returned to the hospital for validation and reverification. CMS's DRG 
classification system provides a DRG, and an appropriate weighting 
factor, for the group of cases for which the unrelated diagnosis and 
procedure are confirmed.
    (d) Review of DRG assignment. (1) A hospital has 60 days after the 
date of the notice of the initial assignment of a discharge to a DRG to 
request a review of that assignment. The hospital may submit additional 
information as a part of its request.
    (2) The intermediary reviews the hospital's request and any 
additional information and decides whether a change in the DRG 
assignment is appropriate. If the intermediary decides that a higher-
weighted DRG should be assigned, the case will be reviewed by the 
appropriate QIO as specified in Sec. 466.71(c)(2) of this chapter.
    (3) Following the 60-day period described in paragraph (d)(1) of 
this section, the hospital may not submit additional information with 
respect to the DRG assignment or otherwise revise its claim.
    (e) Revision of DRG classification and weighting factors. Beginning 
with discharges in fiscal year 1988, CMS adjusts the classifications and 
weighting factors established under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this 
section at least annually to reflect changes in treatment patterns, 
technology, and other factors that may change the relative use of 
hospital resources.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 52 FR 33057, Sept. 1, 1987; 
57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45397, Sept. 1, 1994]



Sec. 412.62  Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for fiscal year 
1984.

    (a) General rule. CMS determines national adjusted DRG prospective 
payment rates for operating costs, for each inpatient hospital discharge 
in fiscal year 1984 involving inpatient hospital services of a hospital 
in the United States subject to the prospective payment system under 
subpart B of this part, and determines regional adjusted DRG prospective 
payment rates for inpatient operating costs for such discharges in each 
region, for which payment may be made under Medicare Part A. Such rates 
are determined for hospitals located in urban or rural areas within the 
United States and within each such region, respectively, as described in 
paragraphs (b) through (k) of this section.
    (b) Determining allowable individual hospital inpatient operating 
costs. CMS

[[Page 487]]

determines the Medicare allowable operating costs per discharge of 
inpatient hospital services for each hospital in the data base for the 
most recent cost reporting period for which data are available.
    (c) Updating for fiscal year 1984. CMS updates each amount 
determined under paragraph (b) of this section for fiscal year 1984 by--
    (1) Updating for fiscal year 1983 by the estimated average rate of 
change of hospital costs industry-wide between the cost reporting period 
used under paragraph (b) of this section and fiscal year 1983; and
    (2) Projecting for fiscal year 1984 by the applicable percentage 
increase in the hospital market basket for fiscal year 1984.
    (d) Standardizing amounts. CMS standardizes the amount updated under 
paragraph (c) of this section for each hospital by--
    (1) Adjusting for area variations in case mix among hospitals;
    (2) Excluding an estimate of indirect medical education costs;
    (3) Adjusting for area variations in hospital wage levels; and
    (4) Adjusting for the effects of a higher cost of living for 
hospitals located in Alaska and Hawaii.
    (e) Computing urban and rural averages. CMS computes an average of 
the standardized amounts determined under paragraph (d) of this section 
for urban and rural hospitals in the United States and for urban and 
rural hospitals in each region.
    (f) Geographic classifications. (1) For purposes of paragraph (e) of 
this section, the following definitions apply:
    (i) The term region means one of the nine census divisions, 
comprising the fifty States and the District of Columbia, established by 
the Bureau of the Census for statistical and reporting purposes.
    (ii) The term urban area means--
    (A) A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or New England County 
Metropolitan Area (NECMA), as defined by the Executive Office of 
Management and Budget; or
    (B) The following New England counties, which are deemed to be parts 
of urban areas under section 601(g) of the Social Security Amendments of 
1983 (Pub. L. 98-21, 42 U.S.C. 1395ww (note)): Litchfield County, 
Connecticut; York County, Maine; Sagadahoc County, Maine; Merrimack 
County, New Hampshire; and Newport County, Rhode Island.
    (iii) The term rural area means any area outside an urban area.
    (iv) The phrase hospital reclassified as rural means a hospital 
located in a county that was part of an MSA or NECMA, as defined by the 
Executive Office of Management and Budget, but is not part of an MSA or 
NECMA as a result of an Executive Office of Management and Budget 
redesignation occurring after April 20, 1983.
    (2) For hospitals within an MSA or NECMA that crosses census 
division boundaries, the following provisions apply:
    (i) The MSA or NECMA is deemed to belong to the census division in 
which most of the hospitals within the MSA or NECMA are located.
    (ii) If a hospital would receive a lower Federal rate because most 
of the hospitals are located in a census division with a lower Federal 
rate than the rate applicable to the census division in which the 
hospital is located, the payment rate will not be reduced for the 
hospital's cost reporting period beginning before October 1, 1984.
    (iii) If an equal number of hospitals within the MSA or NECMA are 
located in each census division, such hospitals are deemed to be in the 
census division with the higher Federal rate.
    (g) Adjusting the average standardized amounts. CMS adjusts each of 
the average standardized amounts determined under paragraphs (c), (d), 
and (e) of this section by factors representing CMS's estimates of the 
following:
    (1) The amount of payment that would have been made under Medicare 
Part B for nonphysician services to hospital inpatients during the first 
cost reporting period subject to prospective payment were it not for the 
fact that such services must be furnished either directly by hospitals 
or under arrangements in order for any Medicare payment to be made after 
September 30, 1983 (the effective date of Sec. 405.310(m) of this 
chapter).
    (2) The amount of FICA taxes that would be incurred during the first 
cost

[[Page 488]]

reporting period subject to the prospective payment system, by hospitals 
that had not incurred such taxes for any or all of their employees 
during the base period described in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (h) Reducing for value of outlier payments. CMS reduces each of the 
adjusted average standardized amounts determined under paragraphs (c) 
through (g) of this section by a proportion equal to the proportion 
(estimated by CMS) of the total amount of payments based on DRG 
prospective payment rates that are additional payments for outlier cases 
under subpart F of this part.
    (i) Maintaining budget neutrality. (1) CMS adjusts each of the 
reduced standardized amounts determined under paragraphs (c) through (h) 
of this section as required for fiscal year 1984 so that the estimated 
amount of aggregate payments made, excluding the hospital-specific 
portion (that is, the total of the Federal portion of transition 
payments, plus any adjustments and special treatment of certain classes 
of hospitals for Federal fiscal year 1984) is not greater or less than 
25 percent of the payment amounts that would have been payable for the 
inpatient operating costs for those same hospitals for fiscal year 1984 
under the Social Security Act as in effect on April 19, 1983.
    (2) The aggregate payments considered under this paragraph exclude 
payments for per case review by a utilization and quality control 
quality improvement organization, as allowed under section 1866(a)(1)(F) 
of the Act.
    (j) Computing Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for urban 
and rural hospitals in the United States and in each region. For each 
discharge classified within a DRG, CMS establishes a national 
prospective payment rate for inpatient operating costs and a regional 
prospective payment rate for inpatient operating costs for each region, 
as follows:
    (1) For hospitals located in an urban area in the United States or 
in that region respectively, the rate equals the product of--
    (i) The adjusted average standardized amount (computed under 
paragraphs (c) through (i) of this section) for hospitals located in an 
urban area in the United States or in that region; and
    (ii) The weighting factor determined under Sec. 412.60(b) for that 
DRG.
    (2) For hospitals located in a rural area in the United States or in 
that region respectively, the rate equals the product of--
    (i) The adjusted average standardized amount (computed under 
paragraphs (c) through (i) of this section) for hospitals located in a 
rural area in the United States or that region; and
    (ii) The weighting factor determined under Sec. 412.60(b) for that 
DRG.
    (k) Adjusting for different area wage levels. CMS adjusts the 
proportion (as estimated by CMS from time to time) of Federal rates 
computed under paragraph (j) of this section that are attributable to 
wages and labor-related costs, for area differences in hospital wage 
levels by a factor (established by CMS) reflecting the relative hospital 
wage level in the geographic area (that is, urban or rural area as 
determined under the provisions of paragraph (f) of this section) of the 
hospital compared to the national average hospital wage level.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 
53 FR 38527, Sept. 30, 1988; 57 FR 39821, Sept. 1, 1992; 58 FR 46337, 
Sept. 1, 1993]



Sec. 412.63  Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for Federal fiscal 
years 1984 through 2004.

    (a) General rule. (1) CMS determines a national adjusted prospective 
payment rate for inpatient operating costs for each inpatient hospital 
discharge in Federal fiscal years 1985 through 2004 involving inpatient 
hospital service of a hospital in the United States, subject to the PPS, 
and determines a regional adjusted PPS rate for operating costs for such 
discharges in each region for which payment may be made under Medicare 
Part A.
    (2) Each such rate is determined for hospitals located in urban or 
rural areas within the United States and within each such region, 
respectively, as described under paragraphs (b) through (u) of this 
section.
    (b) Geographic classifications. Effective for fiscal years 1985 
through 2004, the following rules apply.

[[Page 489]]

    (1) For purposes of this section, the definitions set forth in Sec. 
412.62(f) apply, except that, effective January 1, 2000, a hospital 
reclassified as rural may mean a reclassification that results from a 
geographic redesignation as set forth in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(iv) or a 
reclassification that results from an urban hospital applying for 
reclassification as rural as set forth in Sec. 412.103.
    (2) For hospitals within an MSA or NECMA that crosses census 
division boundaries, the following provisions apply:
    (i) The MSA or NECMA is deemed to belong to the census division in 
which most of the hospitals within the MSA or NECMA are located.
    (ii) A hospital that met the conditions specified in Sec. 
412.62(f)(2)(ii) and therefore did not receive a lower Federal rate that 
would have applied for cost reporting periods beginning before October 
1, 1984, receives the lower Federal rate applicable to all hospitals in 
the MSA or NECMA in which it is located effective with the hospital's 
cost reporting period that begins on or after October 1, 1984.
    (iii) The higher Federal rate is payable to all hospitals in the MSA 
or NECMA if an equal number of hospitals within the MSA or NECMA are 
located in each census division.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1988, a hospital 
located in a rural county adjacent to one or more urban areas is deemed 
to be located in an urban area and receives the Federal payment amount 
for the urban area to which the greater number of workers in the county 
commute if the rural county would otherwise be considered part of an 
urban area, under the standards for designating MSAs or NECMAs if the 
commuting rates used in determining outlying counties were determined on 
the basis of the aggregate number of resident workers who commute to 
(and, if applicable under the standards, from) the central county or 
central counties of all adjacent MSAs or NECMAs. These EOMB standards 
are set forth in the notice of final standards for classification of 
MSAs published in the Federal Register on January 3, 1980 (45 FR 956), 
and available from CMS, East High Rise Building, room 132, 6325 Security 
Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21207.
    (4) For purposes of this section, any change in an MSA or NECMA 
designation is recognized on the October 1 following the effective date 
of the change.
    (5) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1988, for 
hospitals that consist of two or more separately located inpatient 
hospital facilities the national adjusted prospective payment rate is 
based on the geographic location of the hospital facility at which the 
discharge occurs.
    (c) Updating previous standardized amounts. (1) For discharges 
occurring in fiscal year 1985 through fiscal year 2003, CMS computes 
average standardized amounts for hospitals in urban areas and rural 
areas within the United States, and in urban areas and rural areas 
within each region. For discharges occurring in fiscal year 2004, CMS 
computes an average standardized amount for hospitals located in all 
areas.
    (2) Each of those amounts is equal to the respective adjusted 
average standardized amount computed for fiscal year 1984 under Sec. 
412.62(g)--
    (i) Increased for fiscal year 1985 by the applicable percentage 
increase in the hospital market basket;
    (ii) Adjusted by the estimated amount of Medicare payment for 
nonphysician services furnished to hospital inpatients that would have 
been paid under Part B were it not for the fact that such services must 
be furnished either directly by hospitals or under arrangements;
    (iii) Reduced by a proportion equal to the proportion (estimated by 
CMS) of the total amount of prospective payments that are additional 
payment amounts attributable to outlier cases under subpart F of this 
part; and
    (iv) Adjusted for budget neutrality under paragraph (h) of this 
section.
    (3) For fiscal year 1986 and thereafter. CMS computes, for urban and 
rural hospitals in the United States and for urban and rural hospitals 
in each region, average standardized amount equal to the respective 
adjusted average standardized amounts computed for the previous fiscal 
year--
    (i) Increased by the applicable percentage increase determined under

[[Page 490]]

paragraphs (d) through (g) of this section;
    (ii) Adjusted by the estimated amount of Medicare payment for 
nonphysician services furnished to hospital inpatients that would have 
been paid under Part B were it not for the fact that such services must 
be furnished either directly by hospitals or under arrangements; and
    (iii) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1985 and 
before October 1, 1986, reduced by a proportion (estimated by CMS) of 
the amount of payments based on the total amount of prospective payments 
that are additional payment amounts attributable to outlier cases under 
subpart F of this part, and for discharges occurring on or after October 
1, 1986, reduced by a proportion (estimated by CMS) of the amount of 
payments that, based on the total amount of prospective payments for 
urban hospitals and the total amount of prospective payments for rural 
hospitals, are additional payments attributable to outlier cases in such 
hospitals under subpart F of this part.
    (4) For fiscal years 1987 through 1990 CMS standardizes the average 
standardized amounts by excluding an estimate of the payments for 
hospitals that serve a disproportionate share of low-income patients.
    (5) For fiscal years 1987 through 2004, CMS standardizes the average 
standardized amounts by excluding an estimate of indirect medical 
education payments.
    (6) For fiscal years 1988 through 2003, CMS computes average 
standardized amounts for hospitals located in large urban areas, other 
urban areas, and rural areas. The term large urban area means an MSA 
with a population of more than 1,000,000 or an NECMA, with a population 
of more than 970,000 based on the most recent available population data 
published by the Census Bureau. For fiscal year 2004, CMS computes an 
average standardized amount for hospitals located in all areas.
    (d) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1986. (1) The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1986 is--
    (i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1985 and before 
May 1. 1986, zero percent; and
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after May 1, 1986, one-half of 
one percent.
    (2) For purposes of determining the standardized amounts for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1986, the applicable 
percentage increase for fiscal year 1986 is deemed to have been one-half 
of one percent.
    (e) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1987. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1987 is 1.15 percent.
    (f) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1988. (1) The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1988 is--
    (i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1987 and before 
November 21, 1987, zero percent;
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after November 21, 1987 and 
before April 1, 1988, 2.7 percent; and
    (iii) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 1988 and before 
October 1, 1988--
    (A) 3.0 percent for hospitals located in rural areas;
    (B) 1.5 percent for hospitals located in large urban areas; and
    (C) 1.0 percent for hospitals located in other urban areas.
    (2) For purposes of determining the standardized amounts for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1988 (for Federal fiscal 
year 1989), the applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1988 is 
deemed to have been--
    (i) 3.0 percent for hospitals located in rural areas;
    (ii) 1.5 percent for hospitals located in large urban areas; and
    (iii) 1.0 percent for hospitals located in other urban areas.
    (g) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1989. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1989 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a)(3) of 
this chapter)--
    (1) Minus 1.5 percentage points for hospitals located in rural 
areas;
    (2) Minus 2.0 percentage points for hospitals in large urban areas; 
and
    (3) Minus 2.5 percentage points for hospitals in other urban areas.
    (h) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1990. (1) The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1990 is--

[[Page 491]]

    (i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1989 and before 
January 1, 1990, 5.5 percent; and
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after January 1, 1990 and before 
October 1, 1990--
    (A) 9.72 percent for hospitals located in rural areas;
    (B) 5.62 percent for hospitals located in large urban areas; and
    (C) 4.97 percent for hospitals located in other urban areas.
    (2) For purposes of determining the standardized amounts for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1990, the applicable 
percentage change for fiscal year 1990 is deemed to have been the 
percentage change provided for in paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (i) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1991. (1) The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1991 is--
    (i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1990 and before 
October 21, 1990, 5.2 percent;
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after October 21, 1990 and 
before January 1, 1991, 0.0 percent; and
    (iii) For discharges occurring on or after January 1, 1991 and 
before October 1, 1991--
    (A) 4.5 percent for hospitals located in rural areas; and
    (B) 3.2 percent for hospitals located in large urban areas and other 
urban areas.
    (2) For purposes of determining the standardized amounts for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1991, the applicable 
percentage change for fiscal year 1991 is deemed to have been the 
percentage change provided for in paragraph (i)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (j) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1992. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1992 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a)(3) of this chapter)--
    (1) Minus 0.6 percentage points for hospitals located in rural 
areas.
    (2) Minus 1.6 percentage points for hospitals located in large urban 
areas and other urban areas.
    (k) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1993. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1993 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a)(3) of this chapter)--
    (1) Minus 0.55 percentage points for hospitals located in rural 
areas.
    (2) Minus 1.55 percentage points for hospitals located in large 
urban areas and other urban areas.
    (l) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1994. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1994 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this chapter)--
    (1) Minus 1.0 percentage point for hospitals located in rural areas.
    (2) Minus 2.5 percentage points for hospitals located in large urban 
areas and other urban areas.
    (m) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1995. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1995 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this chapter)--
    (1) Plus, for hospitals located in rural areas, the percentage 
increase necessary so that the average standardized amounts computed 
under paragraph (c) through (i) of this section are equal to the average 
standardized amounts for hospitals located in an urban area other than a 
large urban area.
    (2) Minus 2.5 percentage points for hospitals located in large urban 
areas and other urban areas.
    (n) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1996. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1996 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this chapter) minus 2.0 percentage 
points for all areas.
    (o) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1997. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1997 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this chapter) minus 0.5 percentage 
point for all areas.
    (p) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1998. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1998 is 0 percent for 
hospitals in all areas.

[[Page 492]]

    (q) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1999. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 1999 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this subchapter) minus 1.9 percentage 
points for hospitals in all areas.
    (r) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 2000. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 2000 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this chapter) minus 1.8 percentage 
points for hospitals in all areas.
    (s) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 2001. The 
applicable percentage change for discharges occurring in fiscal year 
2001 is the percentage increase in the market basket index for 
prospective payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this 
subchapter) for hospitals in all areas as follows:
    (1) For discharges occurring on October 1, 2000 or before April 1, 
2001 the percentage increase in the market basket index for prospective 
payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 41340(a) of this subchapter) for 
sole community hospitals and the increase in the market basket index 
minus 1.1 percentage points for other hospitals in all areas; and
    (2) For discharges occurring on April 1, 2001 or before October 1, 
2001 the percentage increase in the market basket index for prospective 
payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this subchapter) for 
sole community hospitals and the increase in the market basket index 
plus 1.1 percentage points for other hospitals in all areas.
    (t) Applicable percentage change for fiscal years 2002 and 2003. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal years 2002 and 2003 is the 
percentage increase in the market basket index for prospective payment 
hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this subchapter) minus 0.55 
percentage points for hospitals in all areas.
    (u) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 2004. The 
applicable percentage change for fiscal year 2004 is the percentage 
increase in the market basket index for prospective payment hospitals 
(as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this subchapter) for hospitals in all 
areas.
    (v) Maintaining budget neutrality for fiscal year 1985. (1) For 
fiscal year 1985, CMS will adjust each of the reduced standardized 
amounts determined under paragraph (c) of this section as required for 
fiscal year 1985 to ensure that the estimated amount of aggregate 
payments made, excluding the hospital-specific portion (that is, the 
total of the Federal portion of transition payments, plus any 
adjustments and special treatment of certain classes of hospitals for 
fiscal year 1985) is not greater or less than 50 percent of the payment 
amounts that would have been payable for the inpatient operating costs 
for those same hospitals for fiscal year 1985 under the law as in effect 
on April 19, 1983.
    (2) The aggregate payments considered under this paragraph exclude 
payments for per case review by a utilization and quality control 
quality improvement organization, as allowed under section 1866(a)(1)(F) 
of the Act.
    (w) Computing Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for 
hospitals located in large urban and other areas. For each discharge 
classified within a DRG, CMS establishes for the fiscal year a national 
prospective payment rate and a regional prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs, for each region, as follows:
    (1) For hospitals located in a large urban area in the United States 
or that region respectively, the rate equals the product of--
    (i) The adjusted average standardized amount (computed under 
paragraph (c) of this section) for the fiscal year for hospitals located 
in a large urban area in the United States or in that region; and
    (ii) The weighting factor determined under Sec. 412.60(b) for that 
DRG.
    (2) For hospitals located in an other area in the United States or 
that region respectively, the rate equals the product of--
    (i) The adjusted average standardized amount (computed under 
paragraph (c) of this section) for the fiscal year for hospitals located 
in an other area in the United States or that region; and
    (ii) The weighting factor (determined under Sec. 412.60(b)) for 
that DRG.
    (x) Adjusting for different area wage levels. (1) CMS adjusts the 
proportion

[[Page 493]]

(as estimated by CMS from time to time) of Federal rates for inpatient 
operating costs computed under paragraph (j) of this section that are 
attributable to wages and labor-related costs for area differences in 
hospital wage levels by a factor (established by CMS based on survey 
data) reflecting the relative level of hospital wages and wage-related 
costs in the geographic area (that is, urban or rural area as determined 
under the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section) of the hospital 
compared to the national average level of hospital wages and wage-
related costs. The wage index is updated annually.
    (2)(i) CMS makes a midyear correction to the wage index for an area 
only if a hospital can show that--
    (A) The intermediary or CMS made an error in tabulating its data; 
and
    (B) The hospital could not have known about the error, or did not 
have the opportunity to correct the error, before the beginning of the 
Federal fiscal year.
    (ii) A midyear correction to the wage index is effective 
prospectively from the date the change is made to the wage index.
    (3) If a judicial decision reverses a CMS denial of a hospital's 
wage data revision request, CMS pays the hospital by applying a revised 
wage index that reflects the revised wage data as if CMS's decision had 
been favorable rather than unfavorable.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 
412.63, see the List of Sections Affected, which appears in the finding 
Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.



Sec. 412.64  Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for Federal fiscal 
year 2005 and subsequent fiscal years.

    (a) General rule. CMS determines a national adjusted prospective 
payment rate for inpatient operating costs for each inpatient hospital 
discharge in Federal fiscal year 2005 and subsequent fiscal years 
involving inpatient hospital services of a hospital in the United States 
subject to the prospective payment system for which payment may be made 
under Medicare Part A.
    (b) Geographic classifications. (1) For purposes of this section, 
the following definitions apply:
    (i) The term region means one of the 9 metropolitan divisions 
comprising the 50 States and the District of Columbia, established by 
the Executive Office of Management and Budget for statistical and 
reporting purposes.
    (ii) The term urban area means--
    (A) A Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the Executive 
Office of Management and Budget; or
    (B) The following New England counties, which are deemed to be parts 
of urban areas under section 601(g) of the Social Security Amendments of 
1983 (Public Law 98-21, 42 U.S.S. 1395ww (note)): Litchfield County, 
Connecticut; York County, Maine; Sagadahoc County, Maine; Merrimack 
County, New Hampshire; and Newport County, Rhode Island.
    (C) The term rural area means any area outside an urban area.
    (D) The phrase hospital reclassified as rural means a hospital 
located in a county that, in FY 2004, was part of an MSA, but was 
redesignated as rural after September 30, 2004, as a result of the most 
recent census data and implementation of the new MSA definitions 
announced by OMB on June 6, 2003.
    (2) For hospitals within an MSA that crosses census division 
boundaries, the MSA is deemed to belong to the census division in which 
most of the hospitals within the MSA are located.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2004, a hospital 
located in a rural county adjacent to one or more urban areas is deemed 
to be located in an urban area and receives the Federal payment amount 
for the urban area to which the greater number of workers in the county 
commute if the rural county would otherwise be considered part of an 
urban area, under the standards for designating MSAs if the commuting 
rates used in determining outlying counties were determined on the basis 
of the aggregate number of resident workers who commute to (and, if 
applicable under the standards, from) the central county or central 
counties of all adjacent MSAs. These EOMB standards are set forth in the 
notice of final revised standards for classification of MSAs published 
in the

[[Page 494]]

Federal Register on December 27, 2000 (65 FR 82228), announced by EOMB 
on June 6, 2003, and available from CMS, 7500 Security Boulevard, 
Baltimore, Maryland 21244.
    (4) For purposes of this section, any change in an MSA designation 
is recognized on October 1 following the effective date of the change. 
Such a change in MSA designation may occur as a result of redesignation 
of an MSA by the Executive Office of Management and Budget.
    (5) For hospitals that consist of two or more separately located 
inpatient hospital facilities, the national adjusted prospective payment 
rate is based on the geographic location of the hospital facility at 
which the discharge occurred.
    (c) Computing the standardized amount. CMS computes an average 
standardized amount that is applicable to all hospitals located in all 
areas, updated by the applicable percentage increase specified in 
paragraph (d) of this section.
    (d) Applicable percentage change for fiscal year 2005 and for 
subsequent fiscal years. (1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section, the applicable percentage change for fiscal year 
2005 and for subsequent years for updating the standardized amount is 
the percentage increase in the market basket index for prospective 
payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this subchapter) for 
hospitals in all areas.
    (2)(i) In the case of a ``subsection (d) hospital,'' as defined 
under section 1886(d)(1)(B) of the Act, that does not submit quality 
data on a quarterly basis to CMS, in the form and manner specified by 
CMS, the applicable percentage change specified in paragraph (d)(1) of 
this section is reduced--
    (A) For fiscal years 2005 and 2006, by 0.4 percentage points; and
    (B) For fiscal year 2007 and subsequent fiscal years, by 2.0 
percentage points.
    (ii) Any reduction of the percentage change will apply only to the 
fiscal year involved and will not be taken into account in computing the 
applicable percentage change for a subsequent fiscal year.
    (e) Maintaining budget neutrality. (1) CMS makes an adjustment to 
the standardized amount to ensure that--
    (i) Changes to the DRG classifications and recalibrations of the DRG 
relative weights are made in a manner so that aggregate payments to 
hospitals are not affected; and
    (ii) The annual updates and adjustments to the wage index under 
paragraph (h) of this section are made in a manner that ensures that 
aggregate payments to hospitals are not affected.
    (2) CMS also makes an adjustment to the rates to ensure that 
aggregate payments after implementation of reclassifications under 
subpart L of this part are equal to the aggregate prospective payments 
that would have been made in the absence of these provisions.
    (f) Adjustment for outlier payments. CMS reduces the adjusted 
average standardized amount determined under paragraph (c) through (e) 
of this section by a proportion equal to the proportion (estimated by 
CMS) to the total amount of payments based on DRG prospective payment 
rates that are additional payments for outlier cases under subpart F of 
this part.
    (g) Computing Federal rates for inpatient operating costs for 
hospitals located in all areas. For each discharge classified within a 
DRG, CMS establishes for the fiscal year a national prospective payment 
rate for inpatient operating costs based on the standardized amount for 
the fiscal year and the weighting factor determined under Sec. 
412.60(b) for that DRG.
    (h) Adjusting for different area wage levels. CMS adjusts the 
proportion of the Federal rate for inpatient operating costs that are 
attributable to wages and labor-related costs for area differences in 
hospital wage levels by a factor (established by CMS based on survey 
data) reflecting the relative level of hospital wages and wage-related 
costs in the geographic area (that is, urban or rural area as determined 
under the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section) of the hospital 
compared to the national average level of hospital wages and wage-
related costs. The adjustment described in this paragraph (h) also takes 
into account the earnings and paid hours of employment by occupational 
category.

[[Page 495]]

    (1) The wage index is updated annually.
    (2) CMS determines the proportion of the Federal rate that is 
attributable to wages and labor-related costs from time to time, 
employing a methodology that is described in the annual regulation 
updating the system of payment for inpatient hospital operating costs.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2004, CMS 
employs 62 percent as the proportion of the rate that is adjusted for 
the relative level of hospital wages and wage-related costs, unless 
employing that percentage would result in lower payments for the 
hospital than employing the proportion determined under the methodology 
described in paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
    (4) For discharges on or after October 1, 2004 and before September 
30, 2007, CMS establishes a minimum wage index for each all-urban State, 
as defined in paragraph (h)(5) of this section. This minimum wage index 
value is computed using the following methodology:
    (i) CMS computes the ratio of the lowest-to-highest wage index for 
each all-urban State;
    (ii) CMS computes the average of the ratios of the lowest-to-highest 
wage indexes of all the all-urban States;
    (iii) For each all-urban State, CMS determines the higher of the 
State's own lowest-to-highest rate (as determined under paragraph 
(h)(4)(i) of this section) or the average lowest-to-highest rate (as 
determined under paragraph (h)(4)(ii) of this section);
    (iv) For each State, CMS multiplies the rate determined under 
paragraph (h)(4)(iii) of this section by the highest wage index value in 
the State;
    (v) The product determined under paragraph (h)(4)(iv) of this 
section is the minimum wage index value for the State.
    (5) An all-urban State is a State with no rural areas, as defined in 
this section, or a State in which there are no hospitals classified as 
rural. A State with rural areas and with hospitals reclassified as rural 
under Sec. 412.103 in not an all-urban State.
    (6) If a new rural hospital that is subject to the hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system opens in a State that has an 
imputed rural floor and has rural areas, CMS uses the imputed floor as 
the hospital's wage index until the hospital's first cost report as an 
inpatient prospective payment system provider is contemporaneous with 
the cost reporting period being used to develop a given fiscal year's 
wage index.
    (i) Adjusting the wage index to account for commuting patterns of 
hospital workers. (1) General criteria. For discharges occurring on or 
after October 1, 2004, CMS adjusts the hospital wage index for hospitals 
located in qualifying counties to recognize the commuting patterns of 
hospital employees. A qualifying county is a county that meets all of 
the following criteria:
    (i) Hospital employees in the county commute to work in an MSA (or 
MSAs) with a wage index (or wage indices) higher than the wage index of 
the MSA or rural statewide area in which the county is located.
    (ii) At least 10 percent of the county's hospital employees commute 
to an MSA (or MSAs) with a higher wage index (or wage indices).
    (iii) The 3-year average hourly wage of the hospital(s) in the 
county equals or exceeds the 3-year average hourly wage of all hospitals 
in the MSA or rural statewide area in which the county is located.
    (2) Amount of adjustment. A hospital located in a county that meets 
the criteria under paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (i)(1)(iii) of this 
section will receive an increase in its wage index that is equal to a 
weighted average of the difference between the prereclassified wage 
index of the MSA (or MSAs) with the higher wage index (or wage indices) 
and the prereclasssified wage index of the MSA or rural statewide area 
in which the qualifying county is located, weighted by the overall 
percentage of the hospital employees residing in the qualifying county 
who are employed in any MSA with a higher wage index.
    (3) Process for determining the adjustment. (i) CMS will use the 
most accurate data available, as determined by CMS, to determine the 
out-migration percentage for each county.
    (ii) CMS will include, in its annual proposed and final notices of 
updates to

[[Page 496]]

the hospital inpatient prospective payment system, a listing of 
qualifying counties and the hospitals that are eligible to receive the 
adjustment to their wage indexes for commuting hospital employees, and 
the wage index increase applicable to each qualifying county.
    (iii) Any wage index adjustment made under this paragraph (i) is 
effective for a period of 3 fiscal years, except that hospitals in a 
qualifying county may elect to waive the application of the wage index 
adjustment. A hospital may waive the application of the wage index 
adjustment by notifying CMS in writing within 45 days after the 
publication of the annual notice of proposed rulemaking for the hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system.
    (iv) A hospital in a qualifying county that receives a wage index 
adjustment under this paragraph (i) is not eligible for reclassification 
under subpart L of this part or section 1886(d)(8) of the Act.
    (j) Wage index assignment for rural referral centers for FY 2005. 
(1) CMS makes an exception to the wage index assignment of a rural 
referral center for FY 2005 if the rural referral center meets the 
following conditions:
    (i) The rural referral center was reclassified for FY 2004 by the 
MGCRB to another MSA, but, upon applying to the MGCRB for FY 2005, was 
found to be ineligible for reclassification because its average hourly 
wage was less than 84 percent (but greater than 82 percent) of the 
average hourly wage of the hospitals geographically located in the MSA 
to which the rural referral center applied for reclassification for FY 
2005.
    (ii) The hospital may not qualify for any geographic 
reclassification under subpart L of this part, effective for discharges 
occurring on or after October 1, 2004.
    (2) CMS will assign a rural referral center that meets the 
conditions of paragraph (j)(1) of this section the wage index value of 
the MSA to which it was reclassified by the MGCRB in FY 2004. The wage 
index assignment is applicable for discharges occurring during the 3-
year period beginning October 1, 2004 and ending September 30, 2007.
    (k) Midyear corrections to the wage index. (1) CMS makes a midyear 
correction to the wage index for an area only if a hospital can show 
that--
    (i) The intermediary or CMS made an error in tabulating its data; 
and
    (ii) The hospital could not have known about the error, or did not 
have the opportunity to correct the error, before the beginning of the 
Federal fiscal year.
    (2)(i) Except as provided in paragraph (k)(2)(ii) of this section, a 
midyear correction to the wage index is effective prospectively from the 
date the change is made to the wage index.
    (ii) Effective October 1, 2005, a change to the wage index may be 
made retroactively to the beginning of the Federal fiscal year, if, for 
the fiscal year in question, CMS determines all of the following--
    (A) The fiscal intermediary or CMS made an error in tabulating data 
used for the wage index calculation;
    (B) The hospital knew about the error in its wage data and requested 
the fiscal intermediary and CMS to correct the error both within the 
established schedule for requesting corrections to the wage data (which 
is at least before the beginning of the fiscal year for the applicable 
update to the hospital inpatient prospective payment system) and using 
the established process; and
    (C) CMS agreed before October 1 that the fiscal intermediary or CMS 
made an error in tabulating the hospital's wage data and the wage index 
should be corrected.
    (l) Judicial decision. If a judicial decision reverses a CMS denial 
of a hospital's wage data revision request, CMS pays the hospital by 
applying a revised wage index that reflects the revised wage data as if 
CMS's decision had been favorable rather than unfavorable.

[69 FR 49242, Aug. 11, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 47485, Aug. 12, 2005; 
71 FR 48137, Aug. 18, 2006]

[[Page 497]]



   Subpart E_Determination of Transition Period Payment Rates for the 
        Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs



Sec. 412.70  General description.

    For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 1988, and before 
October 1, 1996, payments to a hospital are based on the greater of the 
national average standardized amount or the sum of 85 percent of the 
national average standardized amount and 15 percent of the average 
standardized amount for the region in which the hospital is located.

[57 FR 39822, Sept. 1, 1992, as amended at 58 FR 46338, Sept. 1, 1993]



Sec. 412.71  Determination of base-year inpatient operating costs.

    (a) Base-year costs. (1) For each hospital, the intermediary will 
estimate the hospital's Medicare Part A allowable inpatient operating 
costs, as described in Sec. 412.2(c), for the 12-month or longer cost 
reporting period ending on or after September 30, 1982 and before 
September 30, 1983.
    (2) If the hospital's last cost reporting period ending before 
September 30, 1983 is for less than 12 months, the base period will be 
the hospital's most recent 12-month or longer cost reporting period 
ending before such short reporting period, with an appropriate 
adjustment for inflation. (The rules applicable to new hospitals are set 
forth in Sec. 412.74.)
    (b) Modifications to base-year costs. Prior to determining the 
hospital-specific rate, the intermediary will adjust the hospital's 
estimated base-year inpatient operating costs, as necessary, to include 
malpractice insurance costs in accordance with Sec. 413.53(a)(1)(i) of 
this chapter, and exclude the following:
    (1) Medical education costs as described in Sec. 413.85 of this 
chapter.
    (2) Capital-related costs as described in Sec. 413.130 of this 
chapter.
    (3) Kidney acquisition costs incurred by hospitals approved as renal 
transplantation centers as described in Sec. 412.100. Kidney 
acquisition costs in the base year will be determined by multiplying the 
hospital's average kidney acquisition cost per kidney times the number 
of kidney transplants covered by Medicare Part A during the base period.
    (4) Higher costs that were incurred for purposes of increasing base-
year costs.
    (5) One-time nonrecurring higher costs or revenue offsets that have 
the effect of distorting base-year costs as an appropriate basis for 
computing the hospital-specific rate.
    (6) Higher costs that result from changes in hospital accounting 
principles initiated in the base year.
    (7) The costs of qualified nonphysician anesthetists' services, as 
described in Sec. 412.113(c).
    (c) Hospital's request for adjustment of base-year inpatient 
operating costs. (1) Before the date it becomes subject to the 
prospective payment system for inpatient operating costs, a hospital may 
request the intermediary to further adjust its estimated base-period 
costs to take into account the following:
    (i) Services paid for under Medicare Part B during the hospital's 
base year that will be paid for under prospective payments. The base-
year costs may be increased to include estimated payments for certain 
services previously billed as physicians' services before the effective 
date of Sec. 415.102(a) of this chapter, and estimated payments for 
nonphysicians' services that were not furnished either directly or under 
arrangements before October 1, 1983 (the effective date of Sec. 
405.310(m) of this chapter), but may not include the costs of 
anesthetists' services for which a physician employer continues to bill 
under Sec. 405.553(b)(4) of this chapter.
    (ii) The payment of FICA taxes during cost reporting periods subject 
to the prospective payment system, if the hospital had not paid such 
taxes for all its employees during its base period and will be required 
to participate effective January 1, 1984.
    (2) If a hospital requests that its base-period costs be adjusted 
under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, it must timely provide the 
intermediary with sufficient documentation to justify the adjustment, 
and adequate data to compute the adjusted costs. The intermediary 
decides whether to use part or all of the data on the basis of audit,

[[Page 498]]

survey and other information available.
    (d) Intermediary's determination. The intermediary uses the best 
data available at the time in estimating each hospital's base-year costs 
and the modifications to those costs authorized by paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section. The intermediary's estimate of base-year costs and 
modifications thereto is final and may not be changed after the first 
day of the first cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 
1983, except as provided in Sec. 412.72.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 
52 FR 33057, Sept. 1, 1987; 57 FR 33897, July 31, 1992; 57 FR 39822, 
Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45398, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 63188, Dec. 8, 1995]



Sec. 412.72  Modification of base-year costs.

    (a) Bases for modification of base-year costs. Base-year costs as 
determined under Sec. 412.71(d) may be modified under the following 
circumstances:
    (1) Inadvertent omissions. (i) A hospital that becomes subject to 
the prospective payment system beginning on or after October 1, 1983 and 
before November 16, 1983 has until November 15, 1983 to request its 
intermediary to reestimate its base-period costs to take into account 
inadvertent omissions in its previous submissions to the intermediary 
related to changes made by the prospective payment legislation for 
purposes of estimating the base-period costs.
    (ii) The intermediary may also initiate changes to the estimation--
    (A) For any reason before the date the hospital becomes subject to 
prospective payment; and
    (B) Before November 16, 1983, for corrections to take into account 
inadvertent omissions in the hospital's previous submissions related to 
changes made by the prospective payment legislation for purposes of 
estimating the base-period costs.
    (iii) Such omissions pertain to adjustments to exclude capital-
related costs and the direct medical education costs of approved 
educational activities and to adjustments specified in Sec. 412.71(c).
    (iv) The intermediary must notify the provider of any change to the 
hospital-specific amount as a result of the provider's request within 30 
days of receipt of the additional data.
    (v) Any change to base-period costs made under this paragraph (a)(1) 
will be made effective retroactively, beginning with the first day of 
the affected hospital's fiscal year.
    (2) Correction of mathematical errors of calculations. (i) The 
hospital must report mathematical errors of calculations to the 
intermediary within 90 days of the intermediary's notification to the 
hospital of the hospital's payments rates.
    (ii) The intermediary may also identify such errors and initiate 
their correction during this period.
    (iii) The intermediary will either make an appropriate adjustment or 
notify the hospital that no adjustment is warranted within 30 days of 
receipt of the hospital's report of an error.
    (iv) Corrections of errors of calculation will be effective with the 
first day of the hospital's first cost reporting period subject to the 
prospective payment system.
    (3) Recognition of additional costs. (i) The intermediary may adjust 
base-period costs to take into account additional costs recognized as 
allowable costs for the hospital's base year as the result of any of the 
following:
    (A) A reopening and revision of the hospital's base-year notice of 
amount of program reimbursement under Sec. Sec. 405.1885 through 
405.1889 of this chapter.
    (B) A prehearing order or finding issued during the provider payment 
appeals process by the appropriate reviewing authority under Sec. 
405.1821 or Sec. 405.1853 of this chapter that resolved a matter at 
issue in the hospital's base-year notice of amount of program 
reimbursement.
    (C) An affirmation, modification, or reversal of a Provider 
Reimbursement Review Board decision by the Administrator of CMS under 
Sec. 405.1875 of this chapter that resolved a matter at issue in the 
hospital's base-year notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (D) An administrative or judicial review decision under Sec. Sec. 
405.1831, 405.1871, or 405.1877 of this chapter that is final

[[Page 499]]

and no longer subject to review under applicable law or regulations by a 
higher reviewing authority, and that resolved a matter at issue in the 
hospital's base-year notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (ii) The intermediary will recalculate the hospital's base-year 
costs, incorporating the additional costs recognized as allowable for 
the hospital's base year. Adjustments to base-year costs to take into 
account these additional costs--
    (A) Will be effective with the first day of the hospital's first 
cost reporting period beginning on or after the date of the revision, 
order or finding, or review decision; and
    (B) Will not be used to recalculate the hospital-specific portion as 
determined for fiscal years beginning before the date of the revision, 
order or finding, or review decision.
    (4) Successful appeal. The intermediary may modify base-year costs 
to take into account a successful appeal relating to modifications to 
base-year costs that were made under Sec. 412.71(b). If a hospital 
successfully contests a modification to base-year costs--
    (i) The intermediary will recalculate the hospital's base-year costs 
to reflect the modification determined appropriate as a result of the 
appeal; and
    (ii) Such adjustments will be effective retroactively to the time of 
the intermediary's initial estimation of base-year costs.
    (5) Unlawfully claimed costs. The intermediary may modify base-year 
costs to exclude costs that were unlawfully claimed as determined as a 
result of criminal conviction, imposition of a civil judgment under the 
False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3729-3731), or a proceeding for exclusion 
from the Medicare program. In addition to adjusting base-year costs, CMS 
will recover both the excess costs reimbursed for the base period and 
the additional amounts paid due to the inappropriate increase of the 
hospital-specific portion of the hospital's transition payment rates. 
The amount to be recovered will be computed on the basis of the final 
resolution of the amount of the inappropriate base-year costs.
    (b) Right to administrative and judicial review. (1) An 
intermediary's estimation of a hospital's base-year costs, and 
modifications, made for purposes of determining the hospital-specific 
rate, are subject to administrative and judicial review. Review will be 
available to a hospital upon receipt of its notice of amount of program 
reimbursement following the close of its cost reporting period, but only 
with respect to whether the intermediary followed the provisions of 
Sec. Sec. 412.71 and 412.72. (Sections 405.1803 and 405.1807 of this 
chapter set forth the rules for intermediary determinations and notice 
of amount of program reimbursement and the effect of those 
determinations.)
    (2) In any administrative or judicial review of whether the 
intermediary used the best data available at the time, as required by 
Sec. 412.71(d), an intermediary's estimation will be revised on the 
basis of this review only if the estimation was unreasonable and clearly 
erroneous in light of the data available at the time the estimation was 
made.
    (3) Specifically excluded from administrative or judicial review are 
any issues based on data, information, or arguments not presented to the 
intermediary at the time of the estimation.



Sec. 412.73  Determination of the hospital-specific rate based on a Federal 
fiscal year 1982 base period.

    (a) Costs on a per discharge basis. The intermediary will determine 
the hospital's estimated adjusted base-year operating cost per discharge 
by dividing the total adjusted operating costs by the number of 
discharges in the base period.
    (b) Case-mix adjustment. The intermediary will divide the adjusted 
base-year costs by the hospital's 1981 case-mix index. If the hospital's 
case-mix index is statistically unreliable (as determined by CMS), the 
hospital's base-year costs will be divided by the lower of the 
following:
    (1) The hospital's estimated case-mix index.
    (2) The average case-mix index for the appropriate classifications 
of all hospitals subject to cost limits established under Sec. 413.30 
of this chapter for cost reporting periods beginning on or

[[Page 500]]

after October 1, 1982 and before October 1, 1983.
    (c) Updating base-year costs--(1) For Federal fiscal year 1984. The 
case-mix adjusted base-year cost per discharge will be updated by the 
applicable updating factor, that is, the rate-of-increase percentage 
determined under Sec. 413.40(c)(3) of this chapter, as adjusted for 
budget neutrality.
    (2) For Federal fiscal year 1985. The amount determined under 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be updated by the applicable 
updating factor, as adjusted for budget neutrality.
    (3) For Federal fiscal year 1986. (i) The amount determined under 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section is updated by--
    (A) Zero percent for the first seven months of the hospital's cost 
reporting period; and
    (B) One-half of one percent for the remaining five months of the 
hospital's cost reporting period.
    (ii) For purposes of determining the updated base-year costs for 
cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1987 (that is, 
on or after October 1, 1986 and before October 1, 1987), the update 
factor for the previous cost reporting period is deemed to have been 
one-half of one percent.
    (4) For Federal fiscal year 1987. The amount determined under 
paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section is updated by 1.15 percent.
    (5) For Federal fiscal year 1988. (i) For purposes of determining 
the prospective payment rates for sole community hospitals under Sec. 
412.92(d) for cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 
1988 (that is, on or after October 1, 1987 and before October 1, 1988), 
the base-year cost per discharge is updated as follows:
    (A) For the first 51 days of the hospital's cost reporting period, 
by zero percent.
    (B) For the next 132 days of the hospital's cost reporting period, 
by 2.7 percent.
    (C) For the remainder of the hospital's cost reporting period, by--
    (1) 3.0 percent for hospitals located in rural areas;
    (2) 1.5 percent for hospitals located in large urban areas; and
    (3) 1.0 percent for hospitals located in other urban areas.
    (ii) For purposes of determining the updated base-year costs for 
cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1989 (that is, 
beginning on or after October 1, 1988 and before October 1, 1989), the 
update factor for the cost reporting period beginning during federal 
Fiscal year 1988 is deemed to have been--
    (A) 3.0 percent for hospitals located in rural areas;
    (B) 1.5 percent for hospitals located in large urban areas; and
    (C) 1.0 percent for hospitals located in other urban areas.
    (6) For Federal fiscal year 1989. For cost reporting periods 
beginning in Federal fiscal year 1989, the update factor is determined 
using the methodology set forth in Sec. 412.63(g).
    (7) For Federal fiscal year 1990. (i) Except as described in 
paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of this section, for cost reporting periods 
beginning in Federal fiscal year 1990, the base-period cost per 
discharge is updated as follows:
    (A) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1989 
and before January 1, 1990, by 5.5 percent for discharges occurring 
before January 1, 1990 and by the factors set forth in paragraph 
(c)(7)(i)(B) of this section for discharges occurring on or after 
January 1, 1990.
    (B) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 1990 
and before October 1, 1990, by--
    (1) 9.72 percent for hospitals located in rural areas;
    (2) 5.62 percent for hospitals located in large urban areas; and
    (3) 4.97 percent for hospitals located in other urban areas.
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after October 21, 1990 and 
before January 1, 1991, the base-period cost per discharge, updated as 
set forth in paragraph (c)(7)(i) of this section, is reduced by 5.5 
percent.
    (iii) For purposes of determining the updated base-period costs for 
cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1991 (that is, 
beginning on or after October 1, 1990 and before October 1, 1991), the 
update factor for the cost reporting period beginning during Federal 
fiscal year 1990 is deemed to

[[Page 501]]

have been the percentage change provided for in paragraph (c)(7)(i)(B) 
of this section.
    (8) For Federal fiscal year 1991. (i) Except as described in 
paragraph (c)(8)(ii) of this section, for cost reporting periods 
beginning in Federal fiscal year 1991, the base-period cost per 
discharge is updated by 5.2 percent.
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after October 21, 1990 and 
before January 1, 1991, the base-period cost per discharge is updated by 
0.0 percent.
    (iii) For purposes of determining the updated base period costs for 
cost reporting periods beginning in Federal fiscal year 1992, the update 
factor for the cost reporting period beginning during Federal fiscal 
year 1991 is deemed to have been the percentage change provided for in 
paragraph (c)(8)(i) of this section.
    (9) For Federal fiscal years 1992 and 1993. For Federal fiscal years 
1992 and 1993, the update factor is the percentage increase in the 
market basket index for prospective payment hospitals (as defined in 
Sec. 413.40(a) of this chapter).
    (10) For Federal fiscal year 1994. For Federal fiscal year 1994, the 
update factor is the percentage increase in the market basket index for 
prospective payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of the 
chapter) minus 2.3 percentage points. For purposes of determining the 
hospital-specific rate for Federal fiscal year 1994 and subsequent 
years, this update factor is adjusted to take into account the portion 
of the 12-month cost reporting period beginning during Federal fiscal 
year 1993 that occurs in Federal fiscal year 1994.
    (11) For Federal fiscal year 1995. For Federal fiscal year 1995, the 
update factor is the percentage increase in the market basket index for 
prospective payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this 
chapter) minus 2.2 percentage points.
    (12) For Federal fiscal years 1996 through 2000. For Federal fiscal 
years 1996 through 2000, the update factor is the applicable percentage 
change for other prospective payment hospitals in each respective year 
as set forth in Sec. Sec. 412.63(n) through (r).
    (13) For Federal fiscal year 2001. For Federal fiscal year 2001, the 
update factor is the percentage increase in the market basket index for 
prospective payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this 
chapter).
    (14) For Federal fiscal year 2002. For Federal fiscal year 2002, the 
update factor is the percentage increase in the market basket index for 
prospective payment hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this 
chapter) minus 1.1 percentage points.
    (15) For Federal fiscal year 2003 and for subsequent years. For 
Federal fiscal year 2003 and subsequent years, the update factor is the 
percentage increase in the market basket index for prospective payment 
hospitals (as defined in Sec. 413.40(a) of this chapter).
    (d) Budget neutrality--(1) Federal fiscal year 1984. For cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1983 and before 
October 1, 1984, CMS adjusts the target rate percentage used under 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section. This adjustment is based on a factor 
actuarially estimated to ensure that the estimated amount of aggregate 
Medicare payments based on the hospital-specific portion of the 
transition payment rates is neither greater nor less than 75 percent of 
the amounts that would have been payable for the inpatient operating 
costs for those same hospitals for fiscal year 1984 under the law in 
effect before April 20, 1983.
    (2) Federal fiscal year 1985. For cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 1984 and before October 1, 1985, CMS adjusts the 
target rate percentage used under paragraph (c)(2) of this section. This 
adjustment is based on a factor actuarially estimated to ensure that the 
estimated amount of aggregate Medicare payment based on the hospital-
specific portion of the transition payment rates is neither greater nor 
less than 50 percent of the amounts that would have been payable for the 
inpatient operating costs for those same hospitals for fiscal year 1985 
under the Social Security Act as in effect on April 19, 1983.
    (e) DRG adjustment. The applicable hospital-specific cost per 
discharge is multiplied by the appropriate DRG weighting factor to 
determine the hospital-specific base payment amount (target amount) for 
a particular covered discharge.

[[Page 502]]

    (f) Maintaining budget neutrality. CMS makes an adjustment to the 
hospital-specific rate to ensure that changes to the DRG classifications 
and recalibrations of the DRG relative weights are made in a manner so 
that aggregate payments to section 1886(d) hospitals are not affected.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 16787, May 6, 1986; 51 
FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 51 FR 42234, Nov. 24, 1986; 52 FR 33057, Sept. 
1, 1987; 53 FR 38528, Sept. 30, 1988; 55 FR 15173, Apr. 20, 1990; 56 FR 
573, Jan. 7, 1991; 57 FR 39822, Sept. 1, 1992; 58 FR 46338, Sept. 1, 
1993; 59 FR 1658, Jan. 12, 1994; 59 FR 32383, June 23, 1994; 65 FR 
47106, Aug. 1, 2000; 70 FR 47485, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 412.75  Determination of the hospital-specific rate for inpatient 
operating costs based on a Federal fiscal year 1987 base period.

    (a) Base-period costs--(1) General rule. Except as provided in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section, for each hospital, the intermediary 
determines the hospital's Medicare part A allowable inpatient operating 
costs, as described in Sec. 412.2(c), for the 12-month or longer cost 
reporting period ending on or after September 30, 1987 and before 
September 30, 1988.
    (2) Exceptions. (i) If the hospital's last cost reporting period 
ending before September 30, 1988 is for less than 12 months, the base 
period is the hospital's most recent 12-month or longer cost reporting 
period ending before the short period report.
    (ii) If the hospital does not have a cost reporting period ending on 
or after September 30, 1987 and before September 30, 1988 and does have 
a cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1986 and before 
October 1, 1987, that cost reporting period is the base period unless 
the cost reporting period is for less than 12 months. In that case, the 
base period is the hospital's most recent 12-month or longer cost 
reporting period ending before the short cost reporting period.
    (b) Costs on a per discharge basis. The intermediary determines the 
hospital's average base-period operating cost per discharge by dividing 
the total operating costs by the number of discharges in the base 
period. For purposes of this section, a transfer as defined in Sec. 
412.4(b) is considered to be a discharge.
    (c) Case-mix adjustment. The intermediary divides the average base-
period cost per discharge by the hospital's case-mix index for the base 
period.
    (d) Updating base-period costs. For purposes of determining the 
updated base-period costs for cost reporting periods beginning in 
Federal fiscal year 1988, the update factor is determined using the 
methodology set forth in Sec. 412.73 (c)(15).
    (e) DRG adjustment. The applicable hospital-specific cost per 
discharge is multiplied by the appropriate DRG weighting factor to 
determine the hospital-specific base payment amount (target amount) for 
a particular covered discharge.
    (f) Notice of hospital-specific rate. The intermediary furnishes the 
hospital a notice of its hospital-specific rate, which contains a 
statment of the hospital's Medicare part A allowable inpatient operating 
costs, number of Medicare discharges, and case-mix index adjustment 
factor used to determine the hospital's cost per discharge for the 
Federal fiscal year 1987 base period.
    (g) Right to administrative and judicial review. An intermediary's 
determination of the hospital-specific rate for a hospital is subject to 
administrative and judicial review. Review is available to a hospital 
upon receipt of the notice of the hospital-specific rate. This notice is 
treated as a final intermediary determination of the amount of program 
reimbursement for purposes of subpart R of part 405 of this chapter, 
governing provider reimbursement determinations and appeals.
    (h) Modification of hospital-specific rate. (1) The intermediary 
recalculates the hospital-specific rate to reflect the following:
    (i) Any modifications that are determined as a result of 
administrative or judicial review of the hospital-specific rate 
determinations; or
    (ii) Any additional costs that are recognized as allowable costs for 
the hospital's base period as a result of administrative or judicial 
review of the base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.

[[Page 503]]

    (2) With respect to either the hospital-specific rate determination 
or the amount of program reimbursement determination, the actions taken 
on administrative or judicial review that provide a basis for 
recalculations of the hospital-specific rate include the following:
    (i) A reopening and revision of the hospital's base-period notice of 
amount of program reimbursement under Sec. Sec. 405.1885 through 
405.1889 of this chapter.
    (ii) A prehearing order or finding issued during the provider 
payment appeals process by the appropriate reviewing authority under 
Sec. 405.1821 or Sec. 405.1853 of this chapter that resolved a matter 
at issue in the hospital's base-period notice of amount of program 
reimbursement.
    (iii) An affirmation, modification, or reversal of a Provider 
Reimbursement Review Board decision by the Administrator of CMS under 
Sec. 405.1875 of this chapter that resolved a matter at issue in the 
hospital's base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (iv) An administrative or judicial review decision under Sec. Sec. 
405.1831, 405.1871, or 405.1877 of this chapter that is final and no 
longer subject to review under applicable law or regulations by a higher 
reviewing authority, and that resolved a matter at issue in the 
hospital's base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (v) A final, nonappealable court judgment relating to the base-
period costs.
    (3) The adjustments to the hospital-specific rate made under 
paragraphs (h) (1) and (2) of this section are effective retroactively 
to the time of the intermediary's initial determination of the rate.
    (i) Maintaining budget neutrality. CMS makes an adjustment to the 
hospital-specific rate to ensure that changes to the DRG classifications 
and recalibrations of the DRG relative weights are made in a manner so 
that aggregate payments to section 1886(d) hospitals are not affected.

[55 FR 15173, Apr. 20, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 36069, Sept. 4, 1990; 
55 FR 39775, Sept. 2, 1990; 56 FR 573, Jan. 7, 1991; 55 FR 46887, Nov. 
7, 1990; 57 FR 39822, Sept. 1, 1992; 58 FR 46338, Sept. 1, 1993; 65 FR 
47106, Aug. 1, 2000; 70 FR 47485, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 412.77  Determination of the hospital-specific rate for inpatient 

operating costs for sole community hospitals based on a Federal fiscal year 

1996 base period.

    (a) Applicability. (1) This section applies to a hospital that has 
been designated as a sole community hospital, as described in Sec. 
412.92. If the 1996 hospital-specific rate exceeds the rate that would 
otherwise apply, that is, either the Federal rate under Sec. 412.64 (or 
under Sec. 412.63 for periods prior to FY 2005) or the hospital-
specific rates for either FY 1982 under Sec. 412.73 or FY 1987 under 
Sec. 412.75, this 1996 rate will be used in the payment formula set 
forth in Sec. 412.92(d)(1).
    (2) This section applies only to cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after October 1, 2000.
    (3) The formula for determining the hospital-specific costs for 
hospitals described under paragraph (a)(1) of this section is set forth 
in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (b) Based costs for hospitals subject to fiscal year 1996 rebasing--
(1) General rule. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section, for each hospital eligible under paragraph (a) of this section, 
the intermediary determines the hospital's Medicare Part A allowable 
inpatient operating costs, as described in Sec. 412.2(c), for the 12-
month or longer cost reporting period ending on or after September 30, 
1996 and before September 30, 1997, and computes the hospital-specific 
rate for purposes of determining prospective payment rates for inpatient 
operating costs as determined under Sec. 412.92(d).
    (2) Exceptions. (i) If the hospital's last cost reporting period 
ending before September 30, 1997 is for less than 12 months, the base 
period is the hospital's most recent 12-month or longer cost reporting 
period ending before the short period report.
    (ii) If the hospital does not have a cost reporting period ending on 
or after September 30, 1996 and before September 30, 1997, and does have 
a cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1995 and before 
October 1, 1996, that cost reporting period is the base period unless 
the cost reporting period is for less than 12 months. If that cost 
reporting period is for less

[[Page 504]]

than 12 months, the base period is the hospital's most recent 12-month 
or longer cost reporting period ending before the short cost reporting 
period. If a hospital has no cost reporting period beginning in fiscal 
year 1996, the hospital will not have a hospital-specific rate based on 
fiscal year 1996.
    (c) Costs on a per discharge basis. The intermediary determines the 
hospital's average base-period operating cost per discharge by dividing 
the total operating costs by the number of discharges in the base 
period. For purposes of this section, a transfer as defined in Sec. 
412.4(b) is considered to be a discharge.
    (d) Case-mix adjustment. The intermediary divides the average base-
period cost per discharge by the hospital's case-mix index for the base 
period.
    (e) Updating base-period costs. For purposes of determining the 
updated base-period costs for cost reporting periods beginning in 
Federal fiscal year 1996, the update factor is determined using the 
methodology set forth in Sec. 412.73(c)(12) through (c)(15).
    (f) DRG adjustment. The applicable hospital-specific cost per 
discharge is multiplied by the appropriate DRG weighting factor to 
determine the hospital-specific base payment amount (target amount) for 
a particular covered discharge.
    (g) Notice of hospital-specific rates. The intermediary furnishes a 
hospital eligible for rebasing a notice of the hospital-specific rate as 
computed in accordance with this section. The notice will contain a 
statement of the hospital's Medicare Part A allowable inpatient 
operating costs, the number of Medicare discharges, and the case-mix 
index adjustment factor used to determine the hospital's cost per 
discharge for the Federal fiscal year 1996 base period.
    (h) Right to administrative and judicial review. An intermediary's 
determination of the hospital-specific rate for a hospital is subject to 
administrative and judicial review. Review is available to a hospital 
upon receipt of the notice of the hospital-specific rate. This notice is 
treated as a final intermediary determination of the amount of program 
reimbursement for purposes of subpart R of part 405 of this chapter.
    (i) Modification of hospital-specific rate. (1) The intermediary 
recalculates the hospital-specific rate to reflect the following:
    (i) Any modifications that are determined as a result of 
administrative or judicial review of the hospital-specific rate 
determinations; or
    (ii) Any additional costs that are recognized as allowable costs for 
the hospital's base period as a result of administrative or judicial 
review of the base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (2) With respect to either the hospital-specific rate determination 
or the amount of program reimbursement determination, the actions taken 
on administrative or judicial review that provide a basis for the 
recalculations of the hospital-specific rate include the following:
    (i) A reopening and revision of the hospital's base-period notice of 
amount of program reimbursement under Sec. Sec. 405.1885 through 
405.1889 of this chapter.
    (ii) A prehearing order or finding issued during the provider 
payment appeals process by the appropriate reviewing authority under 
Sec. 405.1821 or Sec. 405.1853 of this chapter that resolved a matter 
at issue in the hospital's base-period notice of amount of program 
reimbursement.
    (iii) An affirmation, modification, or reversal of a Provider 
Reimbursement Review Board decision by the Administrator of CMS under 
Sec. 405.1875 of this chapter that resolved a matter at issue in the 
hospital's base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (iv) An administrative or judicial review decision under Sec. 
405.1831, Sec. 405.1871, or Sec. 405.1877 of this chapter that is 
final and no longer subject to review under applicable law or 
regulations by a higher reviewing authority, and that resolved a matter 
at issue in the hospital's base-period notice of amount of program 
reimbursement.
    (v) A final, nonappealable court judgment relating to the base-
period costs.
    (3) The adjustments to the hospital-specific rate made under 
paragraphs (i)(1) and (i)(2) of this section are effective retroactively 
to the time of the

[[Page 505]]

intermediary's initial determination of the rate.
    (j) Maintaining budget neutrality. CMS makes an adjustment to the 
hospital-specific rate to ensure that changes to the DRG classifications 
and recalibrations of the DRG relative weights are made in a manner so 
that aggregate payments to section 1886(d) hospitals are not affected.

[65 FR 47106, Aug. 1, 2000, as amended at 66 FR 32192, June 13, 2001; 70 
FR 47485, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 412.78  Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts resulting 
from unlawful claims.

    If a hospital's base-year costs, as estimated for purposes of 
determining the hospital-specific portion, are determined, by criminal 
conviction or imposition of a civil money penalty or assessment, to 
include costs that were unlawfully claimed, the hospital's base-period 
costs are adjusted to remove the effect of the excess costs, and CMS 
recovers both the excess costs reimbursed for the base period and the 
additional amounts paid due to the inappropriate increase of the 
hospital-specific portion of the hospital's transition payment rates.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39822, Sept. 1, 1992. 
Redesignated at 65 FR 47106, Aug. 1, 2000]



Sec. 412.79  Determination of the hospital-specific rate for inpatient 

operating costs for Medicare-dependent, small rural hospitals based on a 

Federal fiscal year 2002 base period.

    (a) Base-period costs--(1) General rule. Except as provided in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section, for each MDH, the intermediary 
determines the MDH's Medicare Part A allowable inpatient operating 
costs, as described in Sec. 412.2(c), for the 12-month or longer cost 
reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 2001, and before 
October 1, 2002.
    (2) Exceptions. (i) If the MDH's last cost reporting period 
beginning before October 1, 2002, is for less than 12 months, the base 
period is the MDH's most recent 12-month or longer cost reporting period 
beginning before that short cost reporting period.
    (ii) If the MDH does not have a cost reporting period beginning on 
or after October 1, 2001, and before October 1, 2002, and does have a 
cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 2000, and before 
October 1, 2001, that cost reporting period is the base period unless 
the cost reporting is for less than 12 months. In that case, the base 
period is the MDH's most recent 12-month or longer cost reporting period 
beginning before that short cost reporting period.
    (b) Costs on a per discharge basis. The intermediary determines the 
MDH's average base-period operating cost per discharge by dividing the 
total operating costs by the number of discharges in the base period. 
For purposes of this section, a transfer as described in Sec. 412.4(b) 
is considered to be a discharge.
    (c) Case-mix adjustment. The intermediary divides the average base-
period cost per discharge by the MDH's case-mix index for the base 
period.
    (d) Updating base period costs. For purposes of determining the 
updated base-period costs for cost reporting periods beginning in 
Federal fiscal year 2002, the update factor is determined using the 
methodology set forth in Sec. 412.73(c)(14) and (c)(15).
    (e) DRG adjustment. The applicable hospital-specific cost per 
discharge is multiplied by the appropriate DRG weighting factor to 
determine the hospital-specific base payment amount (target amount) for 
a particular covered discharge.
    (f) Notice of hospital-specific rate. The intermediary furnishes the 
MDH a notice of its hospital-specific rate which contains a statement of 
the hospital's Medicare Part A allowable inpatient operating costs, 
number of Medicare discharges, and case-mix index adjustment factor used 
to determine the hospital's cost per discharge for the Federal fiscal 
year 2002 base period.
    (g) Right to administrative and judicial review. An intermediary's 
determination of the hospital-specific rate for a hospital is subject to 
administrative and judicial review. Review is available to an MDH upon 
receipt of the notice of the hospital-specific rate. The notice is 
treated as a final intermediary determination of the amount of program

[[Page 506]]

reimbursement for purposes of subpart R of Part 405 of this chapter, 
governing provider reimbursement determinations and appeals.
    (h) Modification of hospital-specific rate. (1) The intermediary 
recalculates the hospital-specific rate to reflect the following:
    (i) Any modifications that are determined as a result of 
administrative or judicial review of the hospital-specific rate 
determinations; or
    (ii) Any additional costs that are recognized as allowable costs for 
the MDH's base period as a result of administrative or judicial review 
of the base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (2) With respect to either the hospital-specific rate determination 
or the amount of program reimbursement determination, the actions taken 
on administrative or judicial review that provide a basis for 
recalculations of the hospital-specific rate include the following:
    (i) A reopening and revision of the MDH's base-period notice of 
amount of program reimbursement under Sec. Sec. 405.1885 through 
405.1889 of this chapter.
    (ii) A prehearing order or finding issued during the provider 
payment appeals process by the appropriate reviewing authority under 
Sec. 405.1821 or Sec. 405.1853 of this chapter that resolved a matter 
at issue in the MDH's base-period notice of amount of program 
reimbursement.
    (iii) An affirmation, modification, or reversal of a Provider 
Reimbursement Review Board decision by the Administrator of CMS under 
Sec. 405.1875 of this chapter that resolved a matter at issue in the 
hospital's base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (iv) An administrative or judicial review decision under Sec. Sec. 
405.1831, 405.1871, or 405.1877 of this chapter that is final and no 
longer subject to review under applicable law or regulations by a higher 
reviewing authority, and that resolved a matter at issue in the 
hospital's base-period notice of amount of program reimbursement.
    (v) A final, nonappealable court judgment relating to the base-
period costs.
    (3) The adjustments to the hospital-specific rate made under 
paragraphs (h)(1) and (2) of this section are effective retroactively to 
the time of the intermediary's initial determination of the rate.
    (i) Maintaining budget neutrality. CMS makes an adjustment to the 
hospital-specific rate to ensure that changes to the DRG classifications 
and recalibrations of the DRG relative weights are made in a manner so 
that aggregate payments to section 1886(d) hospitals are not affected.

[71 FR 48137, Aug. 18, 2006]



 Subpart F_Payment for Outlier Cases and Special Treatment Payment for 
                             New Technology

                        Payment for Outlier Cases



Sec. 412.80  Outlier cases: General provisions.

    (a) Basic rule--(1) Discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1994 
and before October 1, 1997. For discharges occurring on or after October 
1, 1994, and before October 1, 1997, except as provided in paragraph (b) 
of this section concerning transferring hospitals, CMS provides for 
additional payment, beyond standard DRG payments, to a hospital for 
covered inpatient hospital services furnished to a Medicare beneficiary 
if either of the following conditions is met:
    (i) The beneficiary's length-of-stay (including days at the SNF 
level of care if a SNF bed is not available in the area) exceeds the 
mean length-of-stay for the applicable DRG by the lesser of the 
following:
    (A) A fixed number of days, as specified by CMS; or
    (B) A fixed number of standard deviations, as specified by CMS.
    (ii) The beneficiary's length-of-stay does not exceed criteria 
established under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, but the 
hospital's charges for covered services furnished to the beneficiary, 
adjusted to operating costs and capital costs by applying cost-to-charge 
ratios as described in Sec. 412.84(h), exceed the DRG payment for the 
case plus a fixed dollar amount (adjusted for geographic variation in 
costs) as specified by CMS.

[[Page 507]]

    (2) Discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997 and before 
October 1, 2001. For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997 
and before October 1, 2001, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section concerning transfers, CMS provides for additional payment, 
beyond standard DRG payments, to a hospital for covered inpatient 
hospital services furnished to a Medicare beneficiary if the hospital's 
charges for covered services, adjusted to operating costs and capital 
costs by applying cost-to-charge ratios, as described in Sec. 
412.84(h), exceed the DRG payment for the case, payments for indirect 
costs of graduate medical education (Sec. 412.105), and payments for 
serving disproportionate share of low-income patients (Sec. 412.106), 
plus a fixed dollar amount (adjusted for geographic variation in costs) 
as specified by CMS.
    (3) Discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2001. For discharges 
occurring on or after October 1, 2001, except as provided in paragraph 
(b) of this section concerning transfers, CMS provides for additional 
payment, beyond standard DRG payments and beyond additional payments for 
new medical services or technology specified in Sec. Sec. 412.87 and 
412.88, to a hospital for covered inpatient hospital services furnished 
to a Medicare beneficiary if the hospital's charges for covered 
services, adjusted to operating costs and capital costs by applying 
cost-to-charge ratios as described in Sec. 412.84(h), exceed the DRG 
payment for the case (plus payments for indirect costs of graduate 
medical education (Sec. 412.105), payments for serving a 
disproportionate share of low-income patients (Sec. 412.106), and 
additional payments for new medical services or technologies) plus a 
fixed dollar amount (adjusted for geographic variation in costs) as 
specified by CMS.
    (b) Outlier cases in transferring hospitals. CMS provides cost 
outlier payments to a transferring hospital for cases paid in accordance 
with Sec. 412.4(f), if the hospital's charges for covered services 
furnished to the beneficiary, adjusted to costs by applying cost-to-
charge ratios as described in Sec. 412.84(h), exceed the DRG payment 
for the case plus a fixed dollar amount (adjusted for geographic 
variation in costs) as specified by CMS, divided by the geometric mean 
length of stay for the DRG, and multiplied by an applicable factor 
determined as follows:
    (1) For transfer cases paid in accordance with Sec. 412.4(f)(1), 
the applicable factor is equal to the length of stay plus 1 day.
    (2) For transfer cases paid in accordance with Sec. 412.4(f)(2), 
the applicable factor is equal to 0.5 plus the product of the length of 
stay plus 1 day multiplied by 0.5.
    (c) Publication and revision of outlier criteria. CMS will issue 
threshold criteria for determining outlier payment in the annual notice 
of the prospective payment rates published in accordance with Sec. 
412.8(b).

[62 FR 46028, Aug. 29, 1997, as amended at 63 FR 41003, July 31, 1998; 
66 FR 46924, Sept. 7, 2001; 67 FR 50111, Aug. 1, 2002]



Sec. 412.82  Payment for extended length-of-stay cases (day outliers).

    (a) For discharges occurring before October 1, 1997, if the hospital 
stay reflected by a discharge includes covered days of care beyond the 
applicable threshold criterion, the intermediary will make an additional 
payment, on a per diem basis, to the discharging hospital for those 
days. A special request or submission by the hospital is not necessary 
to initiate this payment. However, a hospital may request payment for 
day outliers before the medical review required in paragraph (b) of this 
section.
    (b) The QIO must review and approve to the extent required by CMS--
    (1) The medical necessity and appropriateness of the admission and 
outlier services in the context of the entire stay;
    (2) The validity of the diagnostic and procedural coding; and
    (3) The granting of grace days.
    (c) Except as provided in Sec. 412.86, the per diem payment made 
under paragraph (a) of this section is derived by taking a percentage of 
the average per diem payment for the applicable DRG, as calculated by 
dividing the Federal prospective payment rate for inpatient operating 
costs and inpatient capital-related costs determined under subpart D of 
this part, by the arithmetic mean length of stay for that DRG. CMS 
issues the applicable percentage of the

[[Page 508]]

average per diem payment in the annual publication of the prospective 
payment rates in accordance with Sec. 412.8(b).
    (d) Any days in a covered stay identified as noncovered reduce the 
number of days reimbursed at the day outlier rate but not to exceed the 
number of days that occur after the day outlier threshold.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 15326, Apr. 17, 1985; 
50 FR 35689, Sept. 3, 1985; 53 FR 38529, Sept. 30, 1988; 57 FR 39822, 
Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45398, Sept. 1, 1994; 62 FR 46028, Aug. 29, 1997]



Sec. 412.84  Payment for extraordinarily high-cost cases (cost outliers).

    (a) A hospital may request its intermediary to make an additional 
payment for inpatient hospital services that meet the criteria 
established in accordance with Sec. 412.80(a).
    (b) The hospital must request additional payment--
    (1) With initial submission of the bill; or
    (2) Within 60 days of receipt of the intermediary's initial 
determination.
    (c) Except as specified in paragraph (e) of this section, an 
additional payment for a cost outlier case is made prior to medical 
review.
    (d) As described in paragraph (f) of this section, the QIO reviews a 
sample of cost outlier cases after payment. The charges for any services 
identified as noncovered through this review are denied and any outlier 
payment made for these services are recovered, as appropriate, after a 
determination as to the provider's liability has been made.
    (e) If the QIO finds a pattern of inappropriate utilization by a 
hospital, all cost outlier cases from that hospital are subject to 
medical review, and this review may be conducted prior to payment until 
the QIO determines that appropriate corrective actions have been taken.
    (f) The QIO reviews the cost outlier cases, using the medical 
records and itemized charges, to verify the following:
    (1) The admission was medically necessary and appropriate.
    (2) Services were medically necessary and delivered in the most 
appropriate setting.
    (3) Services were ordered by the physician, actually furnished, and 
not duplicatively billed.
    (4) The diagnostic and procedural codings are correct.
    (g) The intermediary bases the operating and capital costs of the 
discharge on the billed charges for covered inpatient services adjusted 
by the cost to charge ratios applicable to operating and capital costs, 
respectively, as described in paragraph (h) of this section.
    (h) For discharges occurring before October 1, 2003, the operating 
and capital cost-to-charge ratios used to adjust covered charges are 
computed annually by the intermediary for each hospital based on the 
latest available settled cost report for that hospital and charge data 
for the same time period as that covered by the cost report. For 
discharges occurring before August 8, 2003, statewide cost-to-charge 
ratios are used in those instances in which a hospital's operating or 
capital cost-to-charge ratios fall outside reasonable parameters. CMS 
sets forth the reasonable parameters and the statewide cost-to-charge 
ratios in each year's annual notice of prospective payment rates 
published in the Federal Register in accordance with Sec. 412.8(b).
    (i)(1) For discharges occurring on or after August 8, 2003, CMS may 
specify an alternative to the ratios otherwise applicable under 
paragraphs (h) or (i)(2) of this section. A hospital may also request 
that its fiscal intermediary use a different (higher or lower) cost-to-
charge ratio based on substantial evidence presented by the hospital. 
Such a request must be approved by the CMS Regional Office.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2003, the 
operating and capital cost-to-charge ratios applied at the time a claim 
is processed are based on either the most recent settled cost report or 
the most recent tentative settled cost report, whichever is from the 
latest cost reporting period.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after August 8, 2003, the fiscal 
intermediary may use a statewide average cost-to-charge ratio if it is 
unable to determine an accurate operating or capital cost-to-charge 
ratio for a hospital in one of the following circumstances:

[[Page 509]]

    (i) New hospitals that have not yet submitted their first Medicare 
cost report. (For this purpose, a new hospital is defined as an entity 
that has not accepted assignment of an existing hospital's provider 
agreement in accordance with Sec. 489.18 of this chapter.)
    (ii) Hospitals whose operating or capital cost-to-charge ratio is in 
excess of 3 standard deviations above the corresponding national 
geometric mean. This mean is recalculated annually by CMS and published 
in the annual notice of prospective payment rates issued in accordance 
with Sec. 412.8(b).
    (iii) Other hospitals for whom the fiscal intermediary obtains 
accurate data with which to calculate either an operating or capital 
cost-to-charge ratio (or both) are not available.
    (4) For discharges occurring on or after August 8, 2003, any 
reconciliation of outlier payments will be based on operating and 
capital cost-to-charge ratios calculated based on a ratio of costs to 
charges computed from the relevant cost report and charge data 
determined at the time the cost report coinciding with the discharge is 
settled.
    (j) If any of the services are determined to be noncovered, the 
charges for these services will be deducted from the requested amount of 
reimbursement but not to exceed the amount claimed above the cost 
outlier threshold.
    (k) Except as provided in paragraph (l) of this section, the 
additional amount is derived by first taking 80 percent of the 
difference between the hospital's adjusted operating cost for the 
discharge (as determined under paragraph (g) of this section) and the 
operating threshold criteria established under Sec. 412.80(a)(1)(ii); 
80 percent is also taken of the difference between the hospital's 
adjusted capital cost for the discharge (as determined under paragraph 
(g) of this section) and the capital threshold criteria established 
under Sec. 412.80(a)(1)(ii). The resulting capital amount is then 
multiplied by the applicable Federal portion of the payment as 
determined in Sec. 412.340(a) or Sec. 412.344(a).
    (l) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 1988, the 
additional payment amount for the DRGs related to burn cases, which are 
identified in the most recent annual notice of prospective payment rates 
published in accordance with Sec. 412.8(b), is computed under the 
provisions of paragraph (k) of this section except that the payment is 
made using 90 percent of the difference between the hospital's adjusted 
cost for the discharge and the threshold criteria.
    (m) Effective for discharges occurring on or after August 8, 2003, 
at the time of any reconciliation under paragraph (i)(4) of this 
section, outlier payments may be adjusted to account for the time value 
of any underpayments or overpayments. Any adjustment will be based upon 
a widely available index to be established in advance by the Secretary, 
and will be applied from the midpoint of the cost reporting period to 
the date of reconciliation.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 35689, Sept. 3, 1985; 
51 FR 31496, Sept. 3, 1986; 53 FR 38529, Sept. 30, 1988; 54 FR 36494, 
Sept. 1, 1989; 55 FR 15174, Apr. 20, 1990; 56 FR 43448, Aug. 30, 1991; 
57 FR 39823, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45398, Sept. 1, 1994; 62 FR 46028, 
Aug. 29, 1997; 68 FR 34515, June 9, 2003; 71 FR 48138, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.86  Payment for extraordinarily high-cost day outliers.

    For discharges occurring before October 1, 1997, if a discharge that 
qualifies for an additional payment under the provisions of Sec. 412.82 
has charges adjusted to costs that exceed the cost outlier threshold 
criteria for an extraordinarily high-cost case as set forth in Sec. 
412.80(a)(1)(ii), the additional payment made for the discharge is the 
greater of--
    (a) The applicable per diem payment computed under Sec. 412.82 (c) 
or (d); or
    (b) The payment that would be made under Sec. 412.84 (i) or (j) if 
the case had not met the day outlier criteria threshold set forth in 
Sec. 412.80(a)(1)(i).

[53 FR 38529, Sept. 30, 1988, as amended at 62 FR 46028, Aug. 29, 1997]

          Additional Special Payment for Certain New Technology



Sec. 412.87  Additional payment for new medical services and technologies: 
General provisions.

    (a) Basis. Sections 412.87 and 412.88 implement sections 
1886(d)(5)(K) and

[[Page 510]]

1886(d)(5)(L) of the Act, which authorize the Secretary to establish a 
mechanism to recognize the costs of new medical services and 
technologies under the hospital inpatient prospective payment system.
    (b) Eligibility criteria. For discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 2001, CMS provides for additional payments (as specified in 
Sec. 412.88) beyond the standard DRG payments and outlier payments to a 
hospital for discharges involving covered inpatient hospital services 
that are new medical services and technologies, if the following 
conditions are met:
    (1) A new medical service or technology represents an advance that 
substantially improves, relative to technologies previously available, 
the diagnosis or treatment of Medicare beneficiaries. CMS will determine 
whether a new medical service or technology meets this requirement and 
announce the results of its determinations in the Federal Register as a 
part of its annual updates and changes to the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system.
    (2) A medical service or technology may be considered new within 2 
or 3 years after the point at which data begin to become available 
reflecting the ICD-9-CM code assigned to the new service or technology 
(depending on when a new code is assigned and data on the new service or 
technology become available for DRG recalibration). After CMS has 
recalibrated the DRGs, based on available data, to reflect the costs of 
an otherwise new medical service or technology, the medical service or 
technology will no longer be considered ``new'' under the criterion of 
this section.
    (3) The DRG prospective payment rate otherwise applicable to 
discharges involving the medical service or technology is determined to 
be inadequate, based on application of a threshold amount to estimated 
charges incurred with respect to such discharges. To determine whether 
the payment would be adequate, CMS will determine whether the charges of 
the cases involving a new medical service or technology will exceed a 
threshold amount that is the lesser of 75 percent of the standardized 
amount (increased to reflect the difference between cost and charges) or 
75 percent of one standard deviation beyond the geometric mean 
standardized charge for all cases in the DRG to which the new medical 
service or technology is assigned (or the case-weighted average of all 
relevant DRGs if the new medical service or technology occurs in many 
different DRGs). Standardized charges reflect the actual charges of a 
case adjusted by the prospective payment system payment factors 
applicable to an individual hospital, such as the wage index, the 
indirect medical education adjustment factor, and the disproportionate 
share adjustment factor.

[66 FR 46924, Sept. 7, 2001, as amended at 68 FR 45469, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 
FR 49243, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.88  Additional payment for new medical service or technology.

    (a) For discharges involving new medical services or technologies 
that meet the criteria specified in Sec. 412.87, Medicare payment will 
be:
    (1) One of the following:
    (i) The full DRG payment (including adjustments for indirect medical 
education and disproportionate share but excluding outlier payments);
    (ii) The payment determined under Sec. 412.4(f) for transfer cases;
    (iii) The payment determined under Sec. 412.92(d) for sole 
community hospitals; or
    (iv) The payment determined under Sec. 412.108(c) for Medicare-
dependent hospitals; plus
    (2) If the costs of the discharge (determined by applying cost-to-
charge ratios as described in Sec. 412.84(h)) exceed the full DRG 
payment, an additional amount equal to the lesser of--
    (i) 50 percent of the costs of the new medical service or 
technology; or
    (ii) 50 percent of the amount by which the costs of the case exceed 
the standard DRG payment.
    (b) Unless a discharge case qualifies for outlier payment under 
Sec. 412.84, Medicare will not pay any additional amount beyond the DRG 
payment plus 50 percent of the estimated costs of the new medical 
service or technology.

[66 FR 46924, Sept. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 50111, Aug. 1, 2002; 69 
FR 49244, Aug. 11, 2004]

[[Page 511]]



Subpart G_Special Treatment of Certain Facilities Under the Prospective 
              Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs



Sec. 412.90  General rules.

    (a) Sole community hospitals. CMS may adjust the prospective payment 
rates for inpatient operating costs determined under subpart D or E of 
this part if a hospital, by reason of factors such as isolated location, 
weather conditions, travel conditions, or absence of other hosptials, is 
the sole source of inpatient hospital services reasonably available in a 
geographic area to Medicare beneficiaries. If a hospital meets the 
criteria for such an exception under Sec. 412.92(a), its prospective 
payment rates for inpatient operating costs are determined under Sec. 
412.92(d).
    (b) Referral center. CMS may adjust the prospective payment rates 
for inpatient operating costs determined under subpart D or E of this 
part if a hospital acts as a referral center for patients transferred 
from other hospitals. Criteria for identifying such referral centers are 
set forth in Sec. 412.96.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Kidney acquisition costs incurred by hospitals approved as renal 
transplantation centers. CMS pays for kidney acquisition costs incurred 
by renal transplanation centers on a reasonable cost basis. The criteria 
for this special payment provision are set forth in Sec. 412.100.
    (e) Hospitals located in areas that are reclassified from urban to 
rural. (1) CMS adjusts the rural Federal payment amounts for inpatient 
operating costs for hospitals located in geographic areas that are 
reclassified from urban to rural as defined in subpart D of this part. 
This adjustment is set forth in Sec. 412.102.
    (2) CMS establishes a procedure by which certain individual 
hospitals located in urban areas may apply for reclassification as 
rural. The criteria for reclassification are set forth in Sec. 412.103.
    (f) Hospitals that have a high percentage of ESRD beneficiary 
discharges. CMS makes an additional payment to a hospital if ten percent 
or more of its total Medicare discharges in a cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 1984 are ESRD beneficiary discharges. 
In determining ESRD discharges, discharges in DRG Nos. 302, 316, and 317 
are excluded. The criteria for this additional payment are set forth in 
Sec. 412.104.
    (g) Hosptials that incur indirect costs for graduate medical 
education programs. CMS makes an additional payment for inpatient 
operating costs to a hospital for indirect medical education costs 
attributable to an approved graduate medical education program. The 
criteria for this additional payment are set forth in Sec. 412.105.
    (h) Hospitals that serve a disproportionate share of low-income 
patients. For discharges occurring on or after May 1, 1986, CMS makes an 
additional payment for inpatient operating costs to hospitals that serve 
a disproportionate share of low-income patients. The criteria for this 
additional payment are set forth in Sec. 412.106.
    (i) Hospitals that receive an additional update for FYs 1998 and 
1999. For FYs 1998 and 1999, CMS makes an upward adjustment to the 
standardized amounts for certain hospitals that do not receive indirect 
medical education or disproportionate share payments and are not 
Medicare- dependent, small rural hospitals. The criteria for identifying 
these hospitals are set forth in Sec. 412.107.
    (j) Medicare-dependent, small rural hospitals. For cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after April 1, 1990, and before October 1, 1994, 
and for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997, and before 
October 1, 2011, CMS adjusts the prospective payment rates for inpatient 
operating costs determined under subparts D and E of this part if a 
hospital is classified as a Medicare-dependent, small rural hospital.
    (k) Essential access community hospitals (EACHs). If a hospital was 
designated as an EACH by CMS as described in Sec. 412.109(a) and is 
located in a rural area as defined in Sec. 412.109(b), CMS determines 
the prospective payment rate for that hospital, as it does

[[Page 512]]

for sole community hospitals, under Sec. 412.92(d).

[57 FR 39823, Sept. 1, 1992, as amended at 58 FR 30669, May 26, 1993; 62 
FR 46028, Aug. 29, 1997; 64 FR 67051, Nov. 30, 1999; 65 FR 47047, Aug. 
1, 2000; 70 FR 47485, Aug. 12, 2005; 71 FR 48138, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.92  Special treatment: Sole community hospitals.

    (a) Criteria for classification as a sole community hospital. CMS 
classifies a hospital as a sole community hospital if it is located more 
than 35 miles from other like hospitals, or it is located in a rural 
area (as defined in Sec. 412.64) and meets one of the following 
conditions:
    (1) The hospital is located between 25 and 35 miles from other like 
hospitals and meets one of the following criteria:
    (i) No more than 25 percent of residents who become hospital 
inpatients or no more than 25 percent of the Medicare beneficiaries who 
become hospital inpatients in the hospital's service area are admitted 
to other like hospitals located within a 35-mile radius of the hospital, 
or, if larger, within its service area;
    (ii) The hospital has fewer than 50 beds and the intermediary 
certifies that the hospital would have met the criteria in paragraph 
(a)(1)(i) of this section were it not for the fact that some 
beneficiaries or residents were forced to seek care outside the service 
area due to the unavailability of necessary specialty services at the 
community hospital; or
    (iii) Because of local topography or periods of prolonged severe 
weather conditions, the other like hospitals are inaccessible for at 
least 30 days in each 2 out of 3 years.
    (2) The hospital is located between 15 and 25 miles from other like 
hospitals but because of local topography or periods of prolonged severe 
weather conditions, the other like hospitals are inaccessible for at 
least 30 days in each 2 out of 3 years.
    (3) Because of distance, posted speed limits, and predictable 
weather conditions, the travel time between the hospital and the nearest 
like hospital is at least 45 minutes.
    (b) Classification procedures--(1) Request for classification as 
sole community hospital. (i) The hospital must make its request to its 
fiscal intermediary.
    (ii) If a hospital is seeking sole community hospital classification 
under paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (a)(1)(ii) of this section, the hospital 
must include the following information with its request:
    (A) The hospital must provide patient origin data (for example, the 
number of patients from each zip code from which the hospital draws 
inpatients) for all inpatient discharges to document the boundaries of 
its service area.
    (B) The hospital must provide patient origin data from all other 
hospitals located within a 35 mile radius of it or, if larger, within 
its service area, to document that no more than 25 percent of either all 
of the population or the Medicare beneficiaries residing in the 
hospital's service area and hospitalized for inpatient care were 
admitted to other like hospitals for care.
    (iii)(A) If the hospital is unable to obtain the information 
required under paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(A) of this section concerning the 
residences of Medicare beneficiaries who were inpatients in other 
hospitals located within a 35 mile radius of the hospital or, if larger, 
within the hospital's service area, the hospital may request that CMS 
provide this information.
    (B) If a hospital obtains the information as requested under 
paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, that information is used by 
both the intermediary and CMS in making the determination of the 
residences of Medicare beneficiaries under paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) and 
(b)(1)(iv) of this section, regardless of any other information 
concerning the residences of Medicare beneficiaries submitted by the 
hospital.
    (iv) The intermediary reviews the request and send the request, with 
its recommendation, to CMS.
    (v) CMS reviews the request and the intermediary's recommendation 
and forward its approval or disapproval to the intermediary.
    (2) Effective dates of classification. (i) Sole community hospital 
status is effective 30 days after the date of CMS's written notification 
of approval.

[[Page 513]]

    (ii) When a court order or a determination by the Provider 
Reimbursement Review Board (PRRB) reverses an CMS denial of sole 
community hospital status and no further appeal is made, the sole 
community hospital status is effective as follows:
    (A) If the hospital's application was submitted prior to October 1, 
1983, its status as a sole community hospital is effective at the start 
of the cost reporting period for which it sought exemption from the cost 
limits.
    (B) If the hospital's application for sole community hospital status 
was filed on or after October 1, 1983, the effective date is 30 days 
after the date of CMS's original written notification of denial.
    (iii) When a hospital is granted retroactive approval of sole 
community hospital status by a court order or a PRRB decision and the 
hospital wishes its sole community hospital status terminated before the 
date of the court order or PRRB determination, it must submit written 
notice to the CMS regional office within 90 days of the court order or 
PRRB decision. A written request received after the 90-day period is 
effective no later than 30 days after the request is submitted.
    (iv) A hospital classified as a sole community hospital receives a 
payment adjustment, as described in paragraph (d) of this section, 
effective with discharges occurring on or after 30 days after the date 
of CMS's approval of the classification.
    (3) Duration of classification. (i) An approved classification as a 
sole community hospital remains in effect without need for reapproval 
unless there is a change in the circumstances under which the 
classification was approved. An approved sole community hospital must 
notify the fiscal intermediary if any change that is specified in 
paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section occurs. If CMS determines that a 
sole community hospital failed to comply with this requirement, CMS will 
cancel the hospital's classification as a sole community hospital 
effective with the date that the hospital no longer met the criteria for 
such classification, consistent with the provisions of Sec. 405.1885 of 
this chapter.
    (ii) A sole community hospital must report the following to the 
fiscal intermediary within 30 days of the event:
    (A) The opening of a new hospital in its service area.
    (B) The opening of a new road between itself and a like provider 
within 35 miles.
    (C) An increase in the number of beds to more than 50 if the 
hospital qualifies as a sole community hospital under paragraph 
(a)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (D) Its geographic classification changes.
    (E) Any changes to the driving conditions that result in a decrease 
in the amount of travel time between itself and a like provider if the 
hospital qualifies as a sole community hospital under paragraph (a)(3) 
of this section.
    (iii) A sole community hospital must report to the fiscal 
intermediary if it becomes aware of any change that would affect its 
classification as a sole community hospital beyond the events listed in 
paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section within 30 days of the event. If CMS 
determines that a sole community hospital has failed to comply with this 
requirement, CMS will cancel the hospital's classification as a sole 
community hospital effective with the date the hospital became aware of 
the event that resulted in the sole community hospital no longer meeting 
the criteria for such classification, consistent with the provisions of 
Sec. 405.1885 of this chapter.
    (4) Cancellation of classification. (i) A hospital may at any time 
request cancellation of its classification as a sole community hospital, 
and be paid at rates determined under subparts D and E of this part, as 
appropriate.
    (ii) The cancellation becomes effective no later than 30 days after 
the date the hospital submits its request.
    (iii) If a hospital requests that its sole community hospital 
classification be cancelled, it may not be reclassified as a sole 
community hospital unless it meets the following conditions:
    (A) At least one full year has passed since the effective date of 
its cancellation.
    (B) The hospital meets the qualifying criteria set forth in 
paragraph (a) of this section in effect at the time it reapplies.

[[Page 514]]

    (5) Automatic classification as a sole community hospital. A 
hospital that has been granted an exemption from the hospital cost 
limits before October 1, 1983, or whose request for the exemption was 
received by the appropriate intermediary before October 1, 1983, and was 
subsequently approved, is automatically classified as a sole community 
hospital unless that classification has been cancelled under paragraph 
(b)(3) of this section, or there is a change in the circumstances under 
which the classification was approved.
    (c) Terminology. As used in this section--
    (1) The term miles means the shortest distance in miles measured 
over improved roads. An improved road for this purpose is any road that 
is maintained by a local, State, or Federal government entity and is 
available for use by the general public. An improved road includes the 
paved surface up to the front entrance of the hospital.
    (2) The term like hospital means a hospital furnishing short-term, 
acute care. Effective with cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002, for purposes of a hospital seeking sole community 
hospital designation, CMS will not consider the nearby hospital to be a 
like hospital if the total inpatient days attributable to units of the 
nearby hospital that provides a level of care characteristic of the 
level of care payable under the acute care hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system are less than or equal to 8 percent of the 
similarly calculated total inpatient days of the hospital seeking sole 
community hospital designation.
    (3) The term service area means the area from which a hospital draws 
at least 75 percent of its inpatients during the most recent 12-month 
cost reporting period ending before it applies for classification as a 
sole community hospital.
    (d) Determining prospective payment rates for inpatient operating 
costs for sole community hospitals--(1) General rule. For cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after April 1, 1990, a sole community hospital 
is paid based on whichever of the following amounts yields the greatest 
aggregate payment for the cost reporting period:
    (i) The Federal payment rate applicable to the hospitals as 
determined under subpart D of this part.
    (ii) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.73.
    (iii) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.75.
    (iv) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2000, the hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.77 
(calculated under the transition schedule set forth in paragraph (d)(2) 
of this section).
    (2) Transition of FY 1996 hospital-specific rate. The intermediary 
calculates the hospital-specific rate determined on the basis of the 
fiscal year 1996 base period rate as follows:
    (i) For Federal fiscal year 2001, the hospital-specific rate is the 
sum of 75 percent of the greater of the amounts specified in paragraph 
(d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii), or (d)(1)(iii) of this section, plus 25 percent 
of the hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.77.
    (ii) For Federal fiscal year 2002, the hospital-specific rate is the 
sum of 50 percent of the greater of the amounts specified in paragraph 
(d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii), or (d)(1)(iii) of this section, plus 50 percent 
of the hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.77.
    (iii) For Federal fiscal year 2003, the hospital-specific rate is 
the sum of 25 percent of the greater of the amounts specified in 
paragraph (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii), or (d)(1)(iii) of this section, plus 75 
percent of the hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.77.
    (iv) For Federal fiscal year 2004 and any subsequent fiscal years, 
the hospital-specific rate is 100 percent of the hospital-specific rate 
specified in paragraph (d)(1)(iv) of this section.
    (3) Adjustment to payments. A sole community hospital may receive an 
adjustment to its payments to take into account a significant decrease 
in the number of discharges, as described in paragraph (e) of this 
section.
    (e) Additional payments to sole community hospitals experiencing a 
significant volume decrease. (1) For cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after October 1, 1983, the intermediary provides for a

[[Page 515]]

payment adjustment for a sole community hospital for any cost reporting 
period during which the hospital experiences, due to circumstances as 
described in paragraph (e)(2) of this section a more than five percent 
decrease in its total discharges of inpatients as compared to its 
immediately preceding cost reporting period. If either the cost 
reporting period in question or the immediately preceding cost reporting 
period is other than a 12-month cost reporting period, the intermediary 
must convert the discharges to a monthly figure and multiply this figure 
by 12 to estimate the total number of discharges for a 12-month cost 
reporting period.
    (2) To qualify for a payment adjustment on the basis of a decrease 
in discharges, a sole community hospital must submit its request no 
later than 180 days after the date on the intermediary's Notice of 
Amount of Program Reimbursement--
    (i) Submit to the intermediary documentation demonstrating the size 
of the decrease in discharges, and the resulting effect on per discharge 
costs; and
    (ii) Show that the decrease is due to circumstances beyond the 
hospital's control.
    (3) The intermediary determines a lump sum adjustment amount not to 
exceed the difference between the hospital's Medicare inpatient 
operating costs and the hospital's total DRG revenue for inpatient 
operating costs based on DRG-adjusted prospective payment rates for 
inpatient operating costs (including outlier payments for inpatient 
operating costs determined under subpart F of this part and additional 
payments made for inpatient operating costs for hospitals that serve a 
disproportionate share of low-income patients as determined under Sec. 
412.106 and for indirect medical education costs as determined under 
Sec. 412.105).
    (i) In determining the adjustment amount, the intermediary 
considers--
    (A) The individual hospital's needs and circumstances, including the 
reasonable cost of maintaining necessary core staff and services in view 
of minimum staffing requirements imposed by State agencies;
    (B) The hospital's fixed (and semi-fixed) costs, other than those 
costs paid on a reasonable cost basis under part 413 of this chapter; 
and
    (C) The length of time the hospital has experienced a decrease in 
utilization.
    (ii) The intermediary makes its determination within 180 days from 
the date it receives the hospital's request and all other necessary 
information.
    (iii) The intermediary determination is subject to review under 
subpart R of part 405 of this chapter.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 31496, Sept. 3, 1986; 
51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 52 FR 30367, Aug. 14, 1987; 52 FR 33057, 
Sept. 1, 1987; 53 FR 38529, Sept. 30, 1988; 54 FR 36494, Sept. 1, 1989; 
55 FR 14283, Apr. 17, 1990; 55 FR 15174, Apr. 20, 1990; 55 FR 36070, 
Sept. 4, 1990; 56 FR 25487, June 4, 1991; 57 FR 39823, Sept. 1, 1992; 60 
FR 45848, Sept. 1, 1995; 65 FR 47107, Aug. 1, 2000; 66 FR 32193, June 
13, 2001; 66 FR 39933, Aug. 1, 2001; 67 FR 50111, Aug. 1, 2002; 70 FR 
47485, Aug. 12, 2005; 71 FR 48138, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.96  Special treatment: Referral centers.

    (a) Criteria for classification as a referral center: Basic rule. 
CMS classifies a hospital as a referral center only if the hospital is a 
Medicare participating acute care hospital and meets the applicable 
criteria of paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
    (b) Criteria for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1983. The hospital meets either of the following criteria:
    (1) The hospital is located in a rural area (as defined in subpart D 
of this part) and has the following number of beds, as determined under 
the provisions of Sec. 412.105(b) available for use:
    (i) Effective for discharges occurring before April 1, 1988, the 
hospital has 500 or more beds.
    (ii) Effective for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 1988, 
the hospital has 275 or more beds during its most recently completed 
cost reporting period unless the hospital submits written documentation 
with its application that its bed count has changed since the close of 
its most recently completed cost reporting period for one or more of the 
following reasons:
    (A) Merger of two or more hospitals.

[[Page 516]]

    (B) Reopening of acute care beds previously closed for renovation.
    (C) Transfer to the prospective payment system of acute care beds 
previously classified as part of an excluded unit.
    (D) Expansion of acute care beds available for use and permanently 
maintained for lodging inpatients, excluding beds in corridors and other 
temporary beds.
    (2) The hospital shows that--(i) At least 50 percent of its Medicare 
patients are referred from other hospitals or from physicians not on the 
staff of the hospital; and
    (ii) At least 60 percent of the hospital's Medicare patients live 
more than 25 miles from the hospital, and at least 60 percent of all the 
services that the hospital furnishes to Medicare beneficiaries are 
furnished to beneficiaries who live more than 25 miles from the 
hospital.
    (c) Alternative criteria. For cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after October 1, 1985, a hospital that does not meet the criteria of 
paragraph (b) of this section is classified as a referral center if it 
is located in a rural area (as defined in subpart D of this part) and 
meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this 
section and at least one of the three criteria specified in paragraphs 
(c)(3), (c)(4), and (c)(5) of this section.
    (1) Case-mix index. CMS sets forth national and regional case-mix 
index values in each year's annual notice of prospective payment rates 
published under Sec. 412.8(b). The methodology CMS uses to calculate 
these criteria is described in paragraph (h) of this section. The case-
mix index value to be used for an individual hospital in the 
determination of whether it meets the case-mix index criteria is that 
calculated by CMS from the hospital's own billing records for Medicare 
discharges as processed by the fiscal intermediary and submitted to CMS. 
The hospital's case-mix index for discharges (not including discharges 
from units excluded from the prospective payment system under subpart B 
of this part) during the most recent Federal fiscal year that ended at 
least one year prior to the beginning of the cost reporting period for 
which the hospital is seeking referral center status must be at least 
equal to-
    (i) For hospitals applying for rural referral center status for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1985 and before 
October 1, 1986, the national or regional case-mix index value; or
    (ii) For hospitals applying for rural referral center status for 
cost--reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1986, the 
national case-mix index value as established by CMS or the median case-
mix index value for urban hospitals located in each region. In 
calculating the median case-mix index for each region, CMS excludes the 
case-mix indexes of hospitals receiving indirect medical education 
payments as provided in Sec. 412.105.
    (2) Number of discharges. (i) CMS sets forth the national and 
regional number of discharges in each year's annual notice of 
prospective payment rates published under Sec. 412.8(b). The 
methodology CMS uses to calculate these criteria is described in 
paragraph (i) of this section. Except as provided in paragraph 
(c)(2)(ii) of this section for an osteopathic hospital, for the 
hospital's cost reporting period that began during the same fiscal year 
as the cost reporting periods used to compute the regional median 
discharges under paragraph (i) of this section, its number of discharges 
(not including discharges from units excluded from the prospective 
payments system under subpart B of this part or from newborn units) is 
at least equal to--
    (A) For hospitals applying for rural referral center status for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1985 and before 
October 1, 1986, the number of discharges under either the national or 
regional criterion; or
    (B) For hospitals applying for rural referral center status for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1986, 5,000 
discharges or, if less, the median number of discharges for urban 
hospitals located in each region.
    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
1986, an osteopathic hospital, recognized by the American Osteopathic 
Healthcare Association (or any successor organization), that is located 
in a rural area

[[Page 517]]

must have at least 3,000 discharges during its cost reporting period 
that began during the same fiscal year as the cost reporting periods 
used to compute the regional median discharges under paragraph (i) of 
this section to meet the number of discharges criterion.
    (3) Medical staff. More than 50 percent of the hospital's active 
medical staff are specialists who meet one of the following conditions:
    (i) Are certified as specialists by one of the Member Boards of the 
American Board of Medical Specialties or the Advisory Board of 
Osteopathic Specialists.
    (ii) Have completed the current training requirements for admission 
to the certification examination of one of the Member Boards of the 
American Board of Medical Specialties or the Advisory Board of 
Osteopathic Specialists.
    (iii) Have successfully completed a residency program in a medical 
specialty accredited by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical 
Education or the American Osteopathic Association.
    (4) Source of inpatients. At least 60 percent of all its discharges 
are for inpatients who reside more than 25 miles from the hospital.
    (5) Volume of referrals. At least 40 percent of all inpatients 
treated at the hospital are referred from other hospitals or from 
physicians not on the hospital's staff.
    (d) Payment to rural referral centers. Effective for discharges 
occurring on or after April 1, 1988, and before October 1, 1994, a 
hospital that is located in a rural area and meets the criteria of 
paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2) or (c) of this section is paid prospective 
payments for inpatient operating costs per discharge based on the 
applicable other urban payment rates as determined in accordance with 
Sec. 412.63, as adjusted by the hospital's area wage index.
    (e)-(f) [Reserved]
    (g) Hospital cancellation of referral center status. (1) A hospital 
may at any time request cancellation of its status as a referral center 
and be paid prospective payments per discharge based on the applicable 
rural rate, as determined in accordance with subpart D of this part.
    (2) The cancellation becomes effective no later than 30 days after 
the date the hospital submits its request.
    (3) If a hospital requests that its referral center status be 
canceled, it may not be reclassified as a referral center unless it 
meets the qualifying criteria set forth in paragraph (a) of this section 
in effect at the time it reapplies.
    (h) Methodology for calculating case-mix index criteria. CMS 
calculates the national and regional case-mix index value criteria as 
described in paragraphs (h)(1) through (h)(4) of this section.
    (1) Updating process. CMS updates the national and regional case-mix 
index standards using the latest available data from hospitals subject 
to the prospective payment system for the Federal fiscal year.
    (2) Source of data. In making the calculations described in 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, CMS uses all inpatient hospital bills 
received for discharges subject to prospective payment during the 
Federal fiscal year being monitored.
    (3) Effective date. CMS sets forth the national and regional 
criteria in the annual notice of prospective payment rates published 
under Sec. 412.8(b). These criteria are used to determine if a hospital 
qualifies for referral center status for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1 of the Federal fiscal year to which the 
notice applies.
    (i) Methodology for calculating number of discharges criteria. For 
purposes of determining compliance with the national or regional number 
of discharges criterion under paragraph (c)(2) of this section, CMS 
calculates the criteria as follows:
    (1) Updating process. CMS updates the national and regional number 
of discharges using the latest available data for levels of admissions 
or discharges or both.
    (2) Source of data. In making the calculations described in 
paragraph (i)(1) of this section, CMS uses the most recent hospital 
admissions or discharge data available.
    (3) Annual notice. CMS sets forth the national and regional criteria 
in the annual notice of prospective payment rates published under Sec. 
412.8(b). These criteria are compared to an applying

[[Page 518]]

hospital's number of discharges for the same cost reporting period used 
to develop the regional criteria in this section in determining if the 
hospital qualifies for referral center status for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1 of the Federal fiscal year to which the 
notice applies.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 
412.96, see the List of Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding 
Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.



Sec. 412.98  [Reserved]



Sec. 412.100  Special treatment: Renal transplantation centers.

    (a) Adjustments for renal transplantation centers. (1) CMS adjusts 
the prospective payment rates for inpatient operating costs determined 
under subparts D and E of this part for hospitals approved as renal 
transplantation centers (described at Sec. Sec. 405.2170 and 405.2171 
of this chapter) to remove the estimated net expenses associated with 
kidney acquisition.
    (2) Kidney acquisition costs are treated apart from the prospective 
payment rate for inpatient operating costs, and payment to the hospital 
is adjusted in each reporting period to reflect an amount necessary to 
compensate the hospital for reasonable expenses of kidney acquisition.
    (b) Costs of kidney acquisition. Expenses recognized under this 
section include costs of acquiring a kidney, from a live donor or a 
cadaver, irrespective of whether the kidney was obtained by the hospital 
or through an organ procurement agency. These costs include--
    (1) Tissue typing, including tissue typing furnished by independent 
laboratories;
    (2) Donor and recipient evaluation;
    (3) Other costs associated with excising kidneys, such as donor 
general routine and special care services;
    (4) Operating room and other inpatient ancillary services applicable 
to the donor;
    (5) Preservation and perfusion costs;
    (6) Charges for registration of recipient with a kidney transplant 
registry;
    (7) Surgeons' fees for excising cadaver kidneys;
    (8) Transportation;
    (9) Costs of kidneys acquired from other providers or kidney 
procurement organizations;
    (10) Hospital costs normally classified as outpatient costs 
applicable to kidney excisions (services include donor and donee tissue 
typing, work-up, and related services furnished prior to admission);
    (11) Costs of services applicable to kidney excisions which are 
rendered by residents and interns not in approved teaching programs; and
    (12) All pre-admission physicians services, such as laboratory, 
electroencephalography, and surgeon fees for cadaver excisions, 
applicable to kidney excisions including the costs of physicians 
services.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39824, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.101  Special treatment: Inpatient hospital payment adjustment for 
low-volume hospitals.

    (a) General considerations. (1) CMS provides an additional payment 
to a qualifying hospital for the higher incremental costs associated 
with a low volume of discharges. The amount of any additional payment 
for a qualifying hospital is calculated in accordance with paragraph (b) 
of this section.
    (2) In order to qualify for this adjustment, a hospital must have 
less than 200 discharges during the fiscal year, as reflected in its 
cost report specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, and be 
located more than 25 road miles from the nearest subsection (d) 
hospital.
    (3) The fiscal intermediary makes the determination of the discharge 
count for purposes of determining a hospital's qualification for the 
adjustment based on the hospital's most recent submitted cost report.
    (4) In order to qualify for the adjustment, a hospital must provide 
its fiscal intermediary with sufficient evidence that it meets the 
distance requirement specified under paragraph (a)(2) of this section. 
The fiscal intermediary will base its determination of whether the 
distance requirement is satisfied upon the evidence presented by the 
hospital and other relevant evidence, such as maps, mapping software, 
and inquiries

[[Page 519]]

to State and local police, transportation officials, or other government 
officials.
    (b) Determination of the adjustment amount. The low-volume 
adjustment for hospitals that qualify under paragraph (a) of this 
section is 25 percent for each Medicare discharge.
    (c) Eligibility of new hospitals for the adjustment. A new hospital 
will be eligible for a low-volume adjustment under this section once it 
has submitted a cost report for a cost reporting period that indicates 
that it meets the number of discharge requirements during the fiscal 
year and has provided its fiscal intermediary with sufficient evidence 
that it meets the distance requirement, as specified under paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section.

[69 FR 49244, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.102  Special treatment: Hospitals located in areas that are 
reclassified from urban to rural as a result of a geographic redesignation.

    Effective on or after October 1, 1983, a hospital reclassified as 
rural, as defined in subpart D of this part, may receive an adjustment 
to its rural Federal payment amount for operating costs for two 
successive fiscal years.
    (a) First year adjustment. The hospital's rural average standardized 
amount and disproportionate share payments as described in Sec. 412.106 
are adjusted on the basis of an additional amount that equals two-thirds 
of the difference between the urban standardized amount and 
disproportionate share payments applicable to the hospital before its 
reclassification and the rural standardized amount and disproportionate 
share payments otherwise applicable to the Federal fiscal year for which 
the adjustment is made.
    (b) Second year adjustment. If a hospital continues to be 
reclassified as rural, its rural average standardized amount and 
disproportionate share payments are adjusted on the basis of an 
additional amount that equals one-third of the difference between the 
urban standardized amount and disproportionate share payments applicable 
to the hospital before its reclassification and the rural standardized 
amounts and disproportionate share payments otherwise applicable to the 
Federal fiscal year for which the adjustment is made.

[58 FR 46338, Sept. 1, 1993, as amended at 65 FR 47047, Aug. 1, 2000; 69 
FR 49244, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.103  Special treatment: Hospitals located in urban areas and that 
apply for reclassification as rural.

    (a) General criteria. A prospective payment hospital that is located 
in an urban area (as defined in subpart D of this part) may be 
reclassified as a rural hospital if it submits an application in 
accordance with paragraph (b) of this section and meets any of the 
following conditions:
    (1) The hospital is located in a rural census tract of a 
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as determined under the most recent 
version of the Goldsmith Modification, the Rural-Urban Commuting Area 
codes, as determined by the Office of Rural Health Policy (ORHP) of the 
Health Resources and Services Administration, which is available via the 
ORHP Web site at: http://www.ruralhealth.hrsa.gov or from the U.S. 
Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services 
Administration, Office of Rural Health Policy, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 
9A-55, Rockville, MD 20857.
    (2) The hospital is located in an area designated by any law or 
regulation of the State in which it is located as a rural area, or the 
hospital is designated as a rural hospital by State law or regulation.
    (3) The hospital would qualify as a rural referral center as set 
forth in Sec. 412.96, or as a sole community hospital as set forth in 
Sec. 412.92, if the hospital were located in a rural area.
    (4) For any period after September 30, 2004 and before October 1, 
2006, a CAH in a county that, in FY 2004, was not part of a MSA as 
defined by the Office of Management and Budget, but as of FY 2005 was 
included as part of an MSA as a result of the most recent census data 
and implementation of the new MSA definitions announced by OMB on June 
6, 2003, may be reclassified as being located in a rural area for 
purposes of meeting the rural location requirement in Sec. 485.610(b) 
of this chapter if it meets any of the requirements in

[[Page 520]]

paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(3) of this section.
    (b) Application requirements--(1) Written application. A hospital 
seeking reclassification under this section must submit a complete 
application in writing to CMS in accordance with paragraphs (b)(2) and 
(b)(3) of this section.
    (2) Contents of application. An application is complete if it 
contains an explanation of how the hospital meets the condition that 
constitutes the basis of the request for reclassification set forth in 
paragraph (a) of this section, including data and documentation 
necessary to support the request.
    (3) Mailing of application. An application must be mailed to the CMS 
Regional Office by the requesting hospital and may not be submitted by 
facsimile or other electronic means.
    (4) Notification by CMS. Within 5 business days after receiving the 
hospital's application, the CMS Regional Office will send the hospital a 
letter acknowledging receipt, with a copy to the CMS Central Office.
    (5) Filing date. The filing date of the application is the date CMS 
receives the application.
    (c) CMS review. The CMS Regional Office will review the application 
and notify the hospital of its approval or disapproval of the request 
within 60 days of the filing date.
    (d) Effective dates of reclassification. (1) Except as specified in 
paragraph (d)(2) of this section, CMS will consider a hospital that 
satisfies any of the criteria set forth in paragraph (a) of this section 
as being located in the rural area of the State in which the hospital is 
located as of that filing date.
    (2) If a hospital's complete application is received in CMS by 
September 1, 2000, and satisfies any of the criteria set forth in 
paragraph (a) of this section, CMS will consider the filing date to be 
January 1, 2000.
    (e) Withdrawal of application. A hospital may withdraw an 
application at any time prior to the date of CMS's decision as set forth 
in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (f) Duration of classification. An approved reclassification under 
this section remains in effect without need for reapproval unless there 
is a change in the circumstances under which the classification was 
approved.
    (g) Cancellation of classification. (1) A hospital may cancel its 
rural reclassification by submitting a written request to the CMS 
Regional Office not less than 120 days prior to the end of its current 
cost reporting period.
    (2) The hospital's cancellation of the classification is effective 
beginning with the hospital's next full cost reporting period following 
the date of its request for cancellation.

[65 FR 47048, Aug. 1, 2000, as amended at 69 FR 49244, Aug. 11, 2004; 69 
FR 60252, Oct. 7, 2004; 70 FR 47486, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 412.104  Special treatment: Hospitals with high percentage of ESRD 
discharges.

    (a) Criteria for classification. CMS provides an additional payment 
to a hospital for inpatient services provided to ESRD beneficiaries who 
receive a dialysis treatment during a hospital stay, if the hospital has 
established that ESRD beneficiary discharges, excluding discharges 
classified into DRG 302 (Kidney Transplant), DRG 316 (Renal Failure), or 
DRG 317 (Admit for Renal Dialysis), where the beneficiary received 
dialysis services during the inpatient stay, constitute 10 percent or 
more of its total Medicare discharges.
    (b) Additional payment. A hospital that meets the criteria of 
paragraph (a) of this section is paid an additional payment for each 
ESRD beneficiary discharge except those excluded under paragraph (a) of 
this section.
    (1) The payment is based on the estimated weekly cost of dialysis 
and the average length of stay of ESRD beneficiaries for the hospital.
    (2) The estimated weekly cost of dialysis is the average number of 
dialysis sessions furnished per week during the 12-month period that 
ended June 30, 1983 multiplied by the average cost of dialysis for the 
same period.
    (3) The average cost of dialysis includes only those costs 
determined to be directly related to the dialysis service. (These costs 
include salary, employee health and welfare, drugs, supplies, and 
laboratory services.)
    (4) The average cost of dialysis is reviewed and adjusted, if 
appropriate, at

[[Page 521]]

the time the composite rate reimbursement for outpatient dialysis is 
reviewed.
    (5) The payment to a hospital equals the average length of stay of 
ESRD beneficiaries in the hospital, expressed as a ratio to one week, 
times the estimated weekly cost of dialysis multiplied by the number of 
ESRD beneficiary discharges except for those excluded under paragraph 
(a) of this section. This payment is made only on the Federal portion of 
the payment rate.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39824, Sept. 1, 1992; 
69 FR 49244, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.105  Special treatment: Hospitals that incur indirect costs for 
graduate medical education programs.

    CMS makes an additional payment to hospitals for indirect medical 
education costs using the following procedures:
    (a) Basic data. CMS determines the following for each hospital:
    (1) The hospital's ratio of full-time equivalent residents (except 
as limited under paragraph (f) of this section) to the number of beds 
(as determined under paragraph (b) of this section).
    (i) Except for the special circumstances for Medicare GME affiliated 
groups, emergency Medicare GME affiliated groups, and new programs 
described in paragraphs (f)(1)(vi) and (f)(1)(vii) of this section for 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1997, and for 
the special circumstances for closed hospitals or closed programs 
described in paragraph (f)(1)(ix) of this section for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2002, this ratio may not exceed 
the ratio for the hospital's most recent prior cost reporting period 
after accounting for the cap on the number of allopathic and osteopathic 
full-time equivalent residents as described in paragraph (f)(1)(iv) of 
this section, and adding to the capped numerator any dental and 
podiatric full-time equivalent residents.
    (ii) The exception for new programs described in paragraph 
(f)(1)(vii) of this section applies to each new program individually for 
which the full-time equivalent cap may be adjusted based on the period 
of years equal to the minimum accredited length of each new program.
    (iii) The exception for closed hospitals and closed programs 
described in paragraph (f)(1)(ix) of this section applies only through 
the end of the first 12-month cost reporting period in which the 
receiving hospital trains the displaced full-time equivalent residents.
    (iv) In the cost reporting period following the last year the 
receiving hospital's full-time equivalent cap is adjusted for the 
displaced resident(s), the resident-to-bed ratio cap in paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section is calculated as if the displaced full-time equivalent 
residents had not trained at the receiving hospital in the prior year.
    (2) The hospital's DRG revenue for inpatient operating costs based 
on DRG-adjusted prospective payment rates for inpatient operating costs, 
excluding outlier payments for inpatient operating costs determined 
under subpart F of this part and additional payments made under the 
provisions of Sec. 412.106.
    (b) Determination of the number of beds. For purposes of this 
section, the number of beds in a hospital is determined by counting the 
number of available bed days during the cost reporting period and 
dividing that number by the number of days in the cost reporting period. 
This count of available bed days excludes bed days associated with--
    (1) Beds in a unit or ward that is not occupied to provide a level 
of care that would be payable under the acute care hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system at any time during the 3 preceding months 
(the beds in the unit or ward are to be excluded from the determination 
of available bed days during the current month);
    (2) Beds in a unit or ward that is otherwise occupied (to provide a 
level of care that would be payable under the acute care hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system) that could not be made available 
for inpatient occupancy within 24 hours for 30 consecutive days;
    (3) Beds in excluded distinct part hospital units;
    (4) Beds otherwise countable under this section used for outpatient 
observation services, skilled nursing swing-bed services, or ancillary 
labor/delivery

[[Page 522]]

services. This exclusion would not apply if a patient treated in an 
observation bed is ultimately admitted for acute inpatient care, in 
which case the beds and days would be included in those counts;
    (5) Beds or bassinets in the healthy newborn nursery; and
    (6) Custodial care beds.
    (c) Measurement for teaching activity. The factor representing the 
effect of teaching activity on inpatient operating costs equals .405 for 
discharges occurring on or after May 1, 1986.
    (d) Determination of education adjustment factor. Each hospital's 
education adjustment factor is calculated as follows:
    (1) Step one. A factor representing the sum of 1.00 plus the 
hospital's ratio of full-time equivalent residents to beds, as 
determined under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, is raised to an 
exponential power equal to the factor set forth in paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (2) Step two. The factor derived from step one is reduced by 1.00.
    (3) Step three. The factor derived from completing steps one and two 
is multiplied by ``c'', and where ``c'' is equal to the following:
    (i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1988, and before 
October 1, 1997, 1.89.
    (ii) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 1998, 1.72.
    (iii) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 1999, 1.6.
    (iv) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 2000, 1.47.
    (A) Each hospital receives an amount that is equal in the aggregate 
to the difference between the amount of payments made to the hospital if 
``c'' equaled 1.6, rather than 1.47.
    (B) The payment of this amount will not affect any other payments, 
determinations, or budget neutrality adjustments.
    (v) For fiscal year 2001--
    (A) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2000 and before 
April 1, 2001, 1.54.
    (B) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001 and before 
October 1, 2001, the adjustment factor is determined as if ``c'' equaled 
1.66, rather than 1.54. This payment increase will not apply to 
discharges occurring after fiscal year 2001 and will not be taken into 
account in calculating the payment amounts applicable for discharges 
occurring after fiscal year 2001.
    (vi) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 2002, 1.6.
    (vii) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2002 and 
before April 1, 2004, 1.35.
    (viii) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004 and before 
October 1, 2004, 1.47.
    (ix) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 2005, 1.42.
    (x) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 2006, 1.37.
    (xi) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 2007, 1.32.
    (xii) For discharges occurring during fiscal year 2008 and 
thereafter, 1.35.
    (4) For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2005, with respect 
to FTE residents added as a result of increases in the FTE resident cap 
under paragraph (f)(1)(iv)(C) of this section, the factor derived from 
completing steps one and two is multiplied by `c', where `c' is equal to 
0.66.
    (e)(1) Determination of payment amount. Each hospital's indirect 
medical education payment under the prospective payment system for 
inpatient operating costs is determined by multiplying the total DRG 
revenue for inpatient operating costs, as determined under paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section, by the applicable education adjustment factor 
derived in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2005, a hospital 
that counts additional residents as a result of an increase in its FTE 
resident cap under paragraph (f)(1)(iv)(C) of this section will receive 
indirect medical education payments based on the sum of the following 
two indirect medical education adjustment factors:
    (i) An adjustment factor that is calculated using the schedule of 
formula multipliers in paragraph (d)(3) of this section and the 
hospital's FTE resident count, not including residents attributable to 
an increase in its FTE cap under paragraph (f)(1)(iv)(C) under this 
section; and
    (ii) An adjustment factor that is calculated using the applicable 
formula multiplier under paragraph (d)(4) of

[[Page 523]]

this section, and the additional number of FTE residents that are 
attributable to the increase in the hospital's FTE resident cap under 
paragraph (f)(1)(iv)(C) in this section.
    (f) Determining the total number of full-time equivalent residents 
for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1991. (1) For 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1991, the count of 
full-time equivalent residents for the purpose of determining the 
indirect medical education adjustment is determined as follows:
    (i) The resident must be enrolled in an approved teaching program. 
An approved teaching program is one that meets one of the following 
requirements:
    (A) Is approved by one of the national organizations listed in Sec. 
415.152 of this chapter.
    (B) May count towards certification of the participant in a 
specialty or subspecialty listed in the current edition of either of the 
following publications:
    (1) The Directory of Graduate Medical Education Programs published 
by the American Medical Association.
    (2) The Annual Report and Reference Handbook published by the 
American Board of Medical Specialties.
    (C) Is approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical 
Education (ACGME) as a fellowship program in geriatric medicine.
    (D) Is a program that would be accredited except for the accrediting 
agency's reliance upon an accreditation standard that requires an entity 
to perform an induced abortion or require, provide, or refer for 
training in the performance of induced abortions, or make arrangements 
for such training, regardless of whether the standard provides 
exceptions or exemptions.
    (ii) In order to be counted, the resident must be assigned to one of 
the following areas:
    (A) The portion of the hospital subject to the prospective payment 
system.
    (B) The outpatient department of the hospital.
    (C) Effective for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997, 
the time spent by a resident in a nonhospital setting in patient care 
activities, as defined in Sec. 413.75(b) of this subchapter, under an 
approved medical residency training program is counted towards the 
determination of full-time equivalency if the criteria set forth in 
Sec. 413.78(c), Sec. 413.78(d), or Sec. 413.78(e) of this subchapter, 
as applicable, are met.
    (iii)(A) Full-time equivalent status is based on the total time 
necessary to fill a residency slot. No individual may be counted as more 
than one full-time equivalent. If a resident is assigned to more than 
one hospital, the resident counts as a partial full-time equivalent 
based on the proportion of time worked in any areas of the hospital 
listed in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section to the total time worked 
by the resident. A hospital cannot claim the time spent by residents 
training at another hospital. A part-time resident or one working in an 
area of the hospital other than those listed under paragraph (f)(1)(ii) 
of this section (such as a freestanding family practice center or an 
excluded hospital unit) would be counted as a partial full-time 
equivalent based on the proportion of time assigned to an area of the 
hospital listed in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section, compared to the 
total time necessary to fill a full-time residency slot.
    (B) The time spent by a resident in research that is not associated 
with the treatment or diagnosis of a particular patient is not 
countable.
    (C) In order to be counted, a resident must be spending time in 
patient care activities, as defined in Sec. 413.75(b) of this 
subchapter.
    (iv)(A) Effective for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 
1997, the total number of FTE residents in the fields of allopathic and 
osteopathic medicine in either a hospital or a nonhospital setting that 
meets the criteria listed in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section may 
not exceed the number of such FTE residents in the hospital (or, in the 
case of a hospital located in a rural area, effective for discharges 
occurring on or after April 1, 2000, 130 percent of that number) with 
respect to the hospital's most recent cost reporting period ending on or 
before December 31, 1996.
    (B) Effective for portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after

[[Page 524]]

July 1, 2005, a hospital's otherwise applicable FTE resident cap may be 
reduced if its reference resident level is less than its otherwise 
applicable FTE resident cap in a reference cost reporting period, in 
accordance with the provisions of Sec. 413.79(c)(3) of this subchapter. 
The reduction is 75 percent of the difference between the otherwise 
applicable FTE resident cap and the reference resident level.
    (C) Effective for portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after July 1, 2005, a hospital may qualify to receive an increase in its 
otherwise applicable FTE resident cap (up to 25 additional FTEs) if the 
criteria specified in Sec. 413.79(c)(4) of this subchapter are met.
    (D) A rural hospital redesignated as urban after September 30, 2004, 
as a result of the most recent census data and implementation of the new 
labor market area definitions announced by OMB on June 6, 2003, may 
retain the increases to its full-time equivalent resident cap that it 
received under paragraphs (f)(1)(iv)(A) and (f)(1)(vii) of this section 
while it was located in a rural area.
    (v) For a hospital's cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1997, and before October 1, 1998, the total number of full-
time equivalent residents for payment purposes is equal to the average 
of the actual full-time equivalent resident counts (subject to the 
requirements listed in paragraphs (f)(1)(ii)(C) and (f)(1)(iv) of this 
section) for that cost reporting period and the preceding cost reporting 
period. For a hospital's cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1998, the total number of full-time equivalent residents for 
payment purposes is equal to the average of the actual full-time 
equivalent resident count (subject to the requirements set forth in 
paragraphs (f)(1)(ii)(C) and (f)(1)(iv) of this section) for that cost 
reporting period and the preceding two cost reporting periods. If a 
hospital qualified for an adjustment to the limit established under 
paragraph (f)(1)(iv) of this section for new medical residency programs 
created under paragraph (f)(1)(vii) of this section, the count of 
residents participating in new medical residency training programs above 
the number included in the hospital's FTE count for the cost reporting 
period ending during calendar year 1996 is added after applying the 
averaging rules in this paragraph (f)(l)(v) for a period of years. 
Residents participating in new medical residency training programs are 
included in the hospital's FTE count before applying the averaging rules 
after the period of years has expired. For purposes of this paragraph, 
for each new program started, the period of years equals the minimum 
accredited length for each new program. The period of years for each new 
program begins when the first resident begins training in each new 
program. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (f)(1)(ix) of this 
section, FTE residents that are displaced by the closure of either 
another hospital or another hospital's program are added to the FTE 
count after applying the averaging rules in this paragraph (f)(l)(v) for 
the receiving hospital for the duration of time that the displaced 
residents are training at the receiving hospital. Subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (f)(1)(x) of this section, effective for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2000, FTE residents at 
an urban hospital in a rural track program are included in the urban 
hospital's rolling average calculation described in this paragraph 
(f)(1)(v).
    (vi) Hospitals that are part of the same Medicare GME affiliated 
group or emergency Medicare GME affiliated group (as defined in Sec. 
413.75(b) of this subchapter) may elect to apply the limit as paragraph 
(f)(1)(iv) of this section on an aggregate basis, as specified in Sec. 
413.79(f) of this subchapter.
    (vii) If a hospital establishes a new medical residency training 
program, as defined in Sec. 413.79(l) of this subchapter, the 
hospital's full-time equivalent cap may be adjusted in accordance with 
the provisions of Sec. Sec. 413.79(e)(1) through (e)(4) of this 
subchapter.
    (viii) A hospital that began construction of its facility prior to 
August 5, 1997, and sponsored new medical residency training programs on 
or after January 1, 1995 and on or before August 5, 1997, that either 
received initial accreditation by the appropriate accrediting body or 
temporarily trained residents at another hospital(s) until the

[[Page 525]]

facility was completed, may receive an adjustment to its full-time 
equivalent cap in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 413.79(g) of 
this subchapter.
    (ix) A hospital may receive a temporary adjustment to its full-time 
equivalent cap to reflect residents added because of another hospital's 
closure if the hospital meets the criteria specified in Sec. Sec. 
413.79(h)(1) and (h)(2) of this subchapter. If a hospital that closes 
its residency training program agrees to temporarily reduce its FTE cap 
according to the criteria specified in Sec. Sec. 413.79(h)(1) and 
(h)(3)(ii) of this subchapter, another hospital(s) may receive a 
temporary adjustment to its FTE cap to reflect residents added because 
of the closure of the residency training program if the criteria 
specified in Sec. Sec. 413.86(h)(1) and (h)(3)(i) of this subchapter 
are met.
    (x) An urban hospital that establishes a new residency program (as 
defined in Sec. 413.79(l) of this subchapter), or has an existing 
residency program, with a rural track (or an integrated rural track) may 
include in its FTE count residents in those rural tracks in accordance 
with the applicable provisions of Sec. 413.79(k) of this subchapter.
    (xi) Effective for discharges occurring in cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after November 29, 1999, a hospital may receive an 
adjustment to its FTE cap of up to three additional FTEs to the extent 
that the additional residents would have been counted as primary care 
residents for purposes of the hospital's FTE cap but for the fact that 
the additional residents were on maternity or disability leave or a 
similar approved leave of absence, in accordance with the provisions of 
Sec. 413.79(i) of this subchapter.
    (xii) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997, a non-
Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital may receive a temporary adjustment to its 
FTE cap to reflect residents who had been previously trained at a VA 
hospital and were subsequently transferred to the non-VA hospital, if 
the hospital meets the criteria and other provisions of Sec. 413.79(j) 
of this subchapter.
    (xiii) For a hospital that was paid under Part 413 of this chapter 
as a hospital excluded from the hospital inpatient prospective payment 
system and that subsequently becomes subject to the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system, the limit on the total number of FTE 
residents for payment purposes is determined based on the data from the 
hospital's most recent cost reporting period ending on or before 
December 31, 1996.
    (xiv) In the case of a merger of a hospital that is excluded from 
the hospital inpatient prospective payment system and an acute care 
hospital subject to the hospital inpatient prospective payment system, 
if the surviving hospital is a hospital subject to the hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system and no hospital unit that is 
excluded from the hospital inpatient prospective payment system is 
created as a result of the merger, the surviving hospital's number of 
FTE residents for payment purposes is equal to the sum of the FTE 
resident count of the hospital that is subject to the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system as determined under paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(B) 
of this section and the limit on the total number of FTE residents for 
the excluded hospital as determined under paragraph (f)(1)(xiii) of this 
section.
    (xv) Effective for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2005, 
an urban hospital that reclassifies to a rural area under Sec. 412.103 
for fewer than 10 continuous years and then subsequently elects to 
revert back to urban classification will not be allowed to retain the 
adjustment to its IME FTE resident cap that it received as a result of 
being reclassified as rural.
    (2) To include a resident in the full-time equivalent count for a 
particular cost reporting period, the hospital must furnish the 
following information. The information must be certified by an official 
of the hospital and, if different, an official responsible for 
administering the residency program.
    (i) A listing, by specialty, of all residents assigned to the 
hospital and providing services to the hospital during the cost 
reporting period.
    (ii) The name and social security number of each resident.
    (iii) The dates the resident is assigned to the hospital.
    (iv) The dates the resident is assigned to other hospitals or other 
freestanding

[[Page 526]]

providers and any nonprovider setting during the cost reporting period.
    (v) The proportion of the total time necessary to fill a residency 
slot that the resident is assigned to an area of the hospital listed 
under paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (3) Fiscal intermediaries must verify the correct count of 
residents.
    (g) Indirect medical education payment for managed care enrollees. 
For portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after January 1, 
1998, a payment is made to a hospital for indirect medical education 
costs, as determined under paragraph (e) of this section, for discharges 
associated with individuals who are enrolled under a risk-sharing 
contract with an eligible organization under section 1876 of the Act or 
with a Medicare+Choice organization under title XVIII, Part C of the Act 
during the period, according to the applicable payment percentages 
described in Sec. Sec. 413.76(c)(1) through (c)(5) of this subchapter.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985. Redesignated at 56 FR 43241, Aug. 30, 1991]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 
412.105, see the List of Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding 
Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.



Sec. 412.106  Special treatment: Hospitals that serve a disproportionate 
share of low-income patients.

    (a) General considerations. (1) The factors considered in 
determining whether a hospital qualifies for a payment adjustment 
include the number of beds, the number of patient days, and the 
hospital's location.
    (i) The number of beds in a hospital is determined in accordance 
with Sec. 412.105(b).
    (ii) For purposes of this section, the number of patient days in a 
hospital includes only those days attributable to units or wards of the 
hospital providing acute care services generally payable under the 
prospective payment system and excludes patient days associated with--
    (A) Beds in excluded distinct part hospital units;
    (B) Beds otherwise countable under this section used for outpatient 
observation services, skilled nursing swing-bed services, or ancillary 
labor/delivery services. This exclusion would not apply if a patient 
treated in an observation bed is ultimately admitted for acute inpatient 
care, in which case the beds and days would be included in those counts;
    (C) Beds in a unit or ward that is not occupied to provide a level 
of care that would be payable under the acute care hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system at any time during the 3 preceding months 
(the beds in the unit or ward are to be excluded from the determination 
of available bed days during the current month); and
    (D) Beds in a unit or ward that is otherwise occupied (to provide a 
level of care that would be payable under the acute care hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system) that could not be made available 
for inpatient occupancy within 24 hours for 30 consecutive days.
    (iii) The hospital's location, in an urban or rural area, is 
determined in accordance with the definitions in Sec. 412.64, except 
that a reclassification that results from an urban hospital reclassified 
as rural as set forth in Sec. 412.103 is classified as rural.
    (2) The payment adjustment is applied to the hospital's DRG revenue 
for inpatient operating costs based on DRG-adjusted prospective payment 
rates for inpatient operating costs, excluding outlier payments for 
inpatient operating costs under subpart F of this part and additional 
payments made under the provisions of Sec. 412.105.
    (b) Determination of a hospital's disproportionate patient 
percentage--(1) General rule. A hospital's disproportionate patient 
percentage is determined by adding the results of two computations and 
expressing that sum as a percentage.
    (2) First computation: Federal fiscal year. For each month of the 
Federal fiscal year in which the hospital's cost reporting period 
begins, CMS--
    (i) Determines the number of patient days that--
    (A) Are associated with discharges occurring during each month; and
    (B) Are furnished to patients who during that month were entitled to 
both Medicare Part A and SSI, excluding those patients who received only 
State supplementation;

[[Page 527]]

    (ii) Adds the results for the whole period; and
    (iii) Divides the number determined under paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of 
this section by the total number of patient days that--
    (A) Are associated with discharges that occur during that period; 
and
    (B) Are furnished to patients entitled to Medicare Part A.
    (3) First computation: Cost reporting period. If a hospital prefers 
that CMS use its cost reporting period instead of the Federal fiscal 
year, it must furnish to CMS, through its intermediary, a written 
request including the hospital's name, provider number, and cost 
reporting period end date. This exception will be performed once per 
hospital per cost reporting period, and the resulting percentage becomes 
the hospital's official Medicare Part A/SSI percentage for that period.
    (4) Second computation. The fiscal intermediary determines, for the 
same cost reporting period used for the first computation, the number of 
the hospital's patient days of service for which patients were eligible 
for Medicaid but not entitled to Medicare Part A, and divides that 
number by the total number of patient days in the same period. For 
purposes of this second computation, the following requirements apply:
    (i) For purposes of this computation, a patient is deemed eligible 
for Medicaid on a given day only if the patient is eligible for 
inpatient hospital services under an approved State Medicaid plan or 
under a waiver authorized under section 1115(a)(2) of the Act on that 
day, regardless of whether particular items or services were covered or 
paid under the State plan or the authorized waiver.
    (ii) Effective with discharges occurring on or after January 20, 
2000, for purposes of counting days under paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this 
section, hospitals may include all days attributable to populations 
eligible for Title XIX matching payments through a waiver approved under 
section 1115 of the Social Security Act.
    (iii) The hospital has the burden of furnishing data adequate to 
prove eligibility for each Medicaid patient day claimed under this 
paragraph, and of verifying with the State that a patient was eligible 
for Medicaid during each claimed patient hospital day.
    (5) Disproportionate patient percentage. The intermediary adds the 
results of the first computation made under either paragraph (b)(2) or 
(b)(3) of this section and the second computation made under paragraph 
(b)(4) of this section and expresses that sum as a percentage. This is 
the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage, and is used in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (c) Criteria for classification. A hospital is classified as a 
``disproportionate share'' hospital under any of the following 
circumstances:
    (1) The hospital's disproportionate patient percentage, as 
determined under paragraph (b)(5) of this section, is at least equal to 
one of the following:
    (i) 15 percent, if the hospital is located in an urban area, and has 
100 or more beds, or is located in a rural area and has 500 or more 
beds.
    (ii) 30 percent for discharges occurring before April 1, 2001, and 
15 percent for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001, if the 
hospital is located in a rural area and either has more than 100 beds 
and fewer than 500 beds or is classified as a sole community hospital 
under Sec. 412.92.
    (iii) 40 percent for discharges before April 1, 2001, and 15 percent 
for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001, if the hospital is 
located in an urban area and has fewer than 100 beds.
    (iv) 45 percent for discharges before April 1, 2001, and 15 percent 
for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001, if the hospital is 
located in a rural area and has 100 or fewer beds.
    (2) The hospital is located in an urban area, has 100 or more beds, 
and can demonstrate that, during its cost reporting period, more than 30 
percent of its net inpatient care revenues are derived from State and 
local government payments for care furnished to indigent patients.
    (d) Payment adjustment factor--(1) Method of adjustment. Subject to 
the reduction factor set forth in paragraph (e) of this section, if a 
hospital serves a disproportionate number of low-income patients, its 
DRG revenues for inpatient operating costs are increased by

[[Page 528]]

an adjustment factor as specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
    (2) Payment adjustment factors. (i) If the hospital meets the 
criteria of paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, the payment adjustment 
factor is equal to one of the following:
    (A) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is greater 
than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is as 
follows:
    (1) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 1990, and before 
January 1, 1991, 5.62 percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 
20.2 percent and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after January 1, 1991, and before 
October 1, 1993, 5.62 percent plus 70 percent of the difference between 
20.2 percent and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1993, and before 
October 1, 1994, 5.88 percent plus 80 percent of the difference between 
20.2 percent and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (4) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1994, 5.88 
percent plus 82.5 percent of the difference between 20.2 percent and the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (B) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is as 
follows:
    (1) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 1990, and before 
October 1, 1993, 2.5 percent plus 60 percent of the difference between 
15 percent and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1993, 2.5 
percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (ii) If the hospital meets the criteria of paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of 
this section, the payment adjustment factor is equal to one of the 
following:
    (A) If the hospital is classified as a rural referral center--
    (1) For discharges occurring before April 1, 2001, the payment 
adjustment factor is 4 percent plus 60 percent of the difference between 
the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage and 30 percent.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001, and before 
April 1, 2004, the following applies:
    (i) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 2.5 
percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (ii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is 
greater than 19.3 percent and less than 30 percent, the applicable 
payment adjustment factor is 5.25 percent.
    (iii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is 
greater than or equal to 30 percent, the applicable payment adjustment 
factor is 5.25 percent plus 60 percent of the difference between 30 
percent and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004, the 
following applies:
    (i) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than or equal to 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor 
is 2.5 percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and 
the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (ii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is 
greater than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 
5.88 percent plus 82.5 percent of the difference between 20.2 percent 
and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (B) If the hospital is classified as a sole community hospital--
    (1) For discharges occurring before April 1, 2001, the payment 
adjustment factor is 10 percent.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001 and before 
April 1, 2004, the following applies:
    (i) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 2.5 
percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (ii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is equal 
to or greater than 19.3 percent and less than 30

[[Page 529]]

percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 5.25 percent.
    (iii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is equal 
to or greater than 30 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor 
is 10 percent.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004, the 
following applies:
    (i) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than or equal to 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor 
is 2.5 percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and 
the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (ii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is 
greater than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 
5.88 percent plus 82.5 percent of the difference between 20.2 percent 
and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (iii) The maximum payment adjustment factor is 12 percent.
    (C) If the hospital is classified as both a rural referral center 
and a sole community hospital, the payment adjustment is--
    (1) For discharges occurring before April 1, 2001, the greater of--
    (i) 10 percent; or
    (ii) 4 percent plus 60 percent of the difference between the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage and 30 percent.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001 and before 
April 1, 2004, the greater of the adjustments determined under 
paragraphs (d)(2)(ii)(A) or (d)(2)(ii)(B) of this section.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004, the 
following applies:
    (i) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 2.5 
percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (ii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is 
greater than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 
5.88 percent plus 82.5 percent of the difference between 20.2 percent 
and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (D) If the hospital is classified as a rural hospital and is not 
classified as either a sole community hospital or a rural referral 
center, and has 100 or more beds--
    (1) For discharges occurring before April 1, 2001, the payment 
adjustment factor is 4 percent.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001 and before 
April 1, 2004, the following applies:
    (i) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 2.5 
percent plus 65 percent of the difference between the hospital's 
disproportionate patient percentage and 15 percent.
    (ii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is equal 
to or greater than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment 
factor is 5.25 percent.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004, the 
following applies:
    (i) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than or equal to 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor 
is 2.5 percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and 
the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (ii) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is 
greater than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 
5.88 percent plus 82.5 percent of the difference between 20.2 percent 
and the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (iii) The maximum payment adjustment factor is 12 percent.
    (iii) If the hospital meets the criteria of paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of 
this section--
    (A) For discharges occurring before April 1, 2001, the payment 
adjustment factor is 5 percent.
    (B) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001 and before 
April 1, 2004, the following applies:
    (1) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 2.5 
percent plus 65 percent of the difference between the hospital's 
disproportionate patient percentage and 15 percent.

[[Page 530]]

    (2) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is equal 
to or greater than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment 
factor is 5.25 percent.
    (C) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004, the 
following applies:
    (1) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than or equal to 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor 
is 2.5 percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and 
the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (2) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is greater 
than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 5.88 
percent plus 82.5 percent of the difference between 20.2 percent and the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (3) The maximum payment adjustment factor is 12 percent.
    (iv) If the hospital meets the criteria of paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of 
this section--
    (A) For discharges occurring before April 1, 2001, the payment 
adjustment factor is 4 percent.
    (B) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001 and before 
April 1, 2004, the following applies:
    (1) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 2.5 
percent plus 65 percent of the difference between the hospital's 
disproportionate patient percentage and 15 percent.
    (2) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is equal 
to or greater than 19.3 percent, the applicable payment adjustment 
factor is 5.25 percent.
    (C) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004, the 
following applies:
    (1) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is less 
than or equal to 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor 
is 2.5 percent plus 65 percent of the difference between 15 percent and 
the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (2) If the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage is greater 
than 20.2 percent, the applicable payment adjustment factor is 5.88 
percent plus 82.5 percent of the difference between 20.2 percent and the 
hospital's disproportionate patient percentage.
    (3) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2)(iv)(D) of this section, 
the maximum payment adjustment factor is 12 percent.
    (D) Effective for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2006, 
for a hospital that is classified as a Medicare-dependent, small rural 
hospital under Sec. 412.108, the payment adjustment factor limitation 
specified in paragraph (d)(2)(iv)(C)(3) does not apply.
    (v) If the hospital meets the criteria of paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section, the payment adjustment factor is as follows:
    (A) 30 percent for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 1990, 
and before October 1, 1991.
    (B) 35 percent for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1991.
    (e) Reduction in payments beginning FY 1998. The amounts otherwise 
payable to a hospital under paragraph (d) of this section are reduced by 
the following:
    (1) For FY 1998, 1 percent.
    (2) For FY 1999, 2 percent.
    (3) For FY 2000, 3 percent.
    (4) For FY 2001:
    (i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2000 and before 
April 1, 2001, 3 percent.
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2001 and before 
October 1, 2001, 1 percent.
    (5) For FY 2002, 3 percent.
    (6) For FYs 2003 and thereafter, 0 percent.

[54 FR 36494, Sept. 1, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 14283, Apr. 17, 1990; 
55 FR 15174, Apr. 20, 1990; 55 FR 32088, Aug. 7, 1990; 56 FR 573, Jan. 
7, 1991; 56 FR 9633, Mar. 7, 1991; 57 FR 39824, Sept. 1, 1992; 60 FR 
45848, Sept. 1, 1995; 62 FR 46029, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 41004, July 31, 
1998; 65 FR 3139, Jan. 20. 2000; 65 FR 47108, Aug. 1, 2000; 66 FR 32193, 
June 13, 2001; 66 FR 39934, Aug. 1, 2001; 67 FR 50112, Aug. 1, 2002; 68 
FR 45470, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 49246, Aug. 11, 2004; 71 FR 48139, Aug. 
18, 2006]



Sec. 412.107  Special treatment: Hospitals that receive an additional update 
for FYs 1998 and 1999.

    (a) Additional payment update. A hospital that meets the criteria 
set forth in paragraph (b) of this section receives the following 
increase to its applicable

[[Page 531]]

percentage amount set forth in Sec. 412.63 (p) and (q):
    (1) For FY 1998, 0.5 percent.
    (2) For FY 1999, 0.3 percent.
    (b) Criteria for classification. A hospital is eligible for the 
additional payment update set forth in paragraph (a) of this section if 
it meets all of the following criteria:
    (1) Definition. The hospital is not a Medicare-dependent, small 
rural hospital as defined in Sec. 412.108(a) and does not receive any 
additional payment under the following provisions:
    (i) The indirect medical education adjustment made under Sec. 
412.105.
    (ii) The disproportionate share adjustment made under Sec. 412.106.
    (2) State criteria. The hospital is located in a State in which the 
aggregate payment made under Sec. 412.112 (a) and (c) for hospitals 
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section for their cost reporting 
periods beginning in FY 1995 is less than the allowable operating costs 
described in Sec. 412.2(c) for those hospitals.
    (3) Hospital criteria. The aggregate payment made to the hospital 
under Sec. 412.112 (a) and (c) for the hospital's cost reporting period 
beginning in the fiscal year in which the additional payment update 
described in paragraph (a) of this section is made is less than the 
allowable operating cost described in Sec. 412.2(c) for that hospital.

[62 FR 46030, Aug. 29, 1997]



Sec. 412.108  Special treatment: Medicare-dependent, small rural hospitals.

    (a) Criteria for classification as a Medicare-dependent, small rural 
hospital--(1) General considerations. For cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after April 1, 1990, and ending before October 1, 1994, 
or for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997, and before 
October 1, 2011, a hospital is classified as a Medicare-dependent, small 
rural hospital if it is located in a rural area (as defined in subpart D 
of this part) and meets all of the following conditions:
    (i) The hospital has 100 or fewer beds as defined in Sec. 
412.105(b) during the cost reporting period.
    (ii) The hospital is not also classified as a sole community 
hospital under Sec. 412.92.
    (iii) At least 60 percent of the hospital's inpatient days or 
discharges were attributable to individuals receiving Medicare Part A 
benefits during the hospital's cost reporting period or periods as 
follows, subject to the provisions of paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this 
section:
    (A) The hospital's cost reporting period ending on or after 
September 30, 1987 and before September 30, 1988.
    (B) If the hospital does not have a cost reporting period that meets 
the criterion set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the 
hospital's cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1986, 
and before October 1, 1987.
    (C) At least two of the last three most recent audited cost 
reporting periods for which the Secretary has a settled cost report.
    (iv) If the cost reporting period determined under paragraph 
(a)(1)(iii) of this section is for less than 12 months, the hospital's 
most recent 12-month or longer cost reporting period before the short 
period is used.
    (2) Counting days and discharges. In counting inpatient days and 
discharges for purposes of meeting the criteria in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) 
of this section, only days and discharges from acute care inpatient 
hospital stays are counted (including days and discharges from swing 
beds when used for acute care inpatient hospital services), but not 
including days and discharges from units excluded from the prospective 
payment system under Sec. Sec. 412.25 through 412.30 or from newborn 
nursery units. For purposes of this section, a transfer as defined in 
Sec. 412.4(b) is considered to be a discharge.
    (b) Classification procedures. (1) The fiscal intermediary 
determines whether a hospital meets the criteria specified in paragraph 
(a) of this section.
    (2) A hospital must submit a written request along with qualifying 
documentation to its fiscal intermediary to be considered for MDH status 
based on the criterion under paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(C) of this section.
    (3) The fiscal intermediary will make its determination and notify 
the hospital within 90 days from the date that it receives the 
hospital's request and all of the required documentation.

[[Page 532]]

    (4) A determination of MDH status made by the fiscal intermediary is 
effective 30 days after the date the fiscal intermediary provides 
written notification to the hospital. An approved MDH status 
determination remains in effect unless there is a change in the 
circumstances under which the status was approved.
    (i) An approved MDH must notify the fiscal intermediary if any 
change occurs that is specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section 
occurs. If CMS determines that an MDH failed to comply with this 
requirement, CMS will cancel the hospital's classification as an MDH 
effective with the date that the hospital no longer met the criteria for 
such status, consistent with the provisions of Sec. 405.1885 of this 
chapter.
    (ii) An MDH must report the following to the fiscal intermediary 
within 30 days of the event:
    (A) The number of beds increases to more than 100.
    (B) Its geographic classification changes.
    (iii) An MDH must report to the fiscal intermediary if it becomes 
aware of any change that would affect its classification as an MDH 
beyond the events listed in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section within 
30 days of the event. If CMS determines that an MDH has failed to comply 
with this requirement, CMS will cancel the hospital's classification as 
an MDH effective with the date the hospital became aware of the event 
that resulted in the MDH no longer meeting the criteria for such 
classification, consistent with the provisions of Sec. 405.1885 of this 
chapter.
    (5) The fiscal intermediary will evaluate on an ongoing basis, 
whether or not a hospital continues to qualify for MDH status. This 
evaluation includes an ongoing review to ensure that the hospital 
continues to meet all of the criteria specified in paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    (6) If the fiscal intermediary determines that a hospital no longer 
qualifies for MDH status, the change in status will become effective 30 
days after the date the fiscal intermediary provides written 
notification to the hospital.
    (7) A hospital may reapply for MDH status following its 
disqualification only after it has completed another cost reporting 
period that has been audited and settled. The hospital must reapply for 
MDH status in writing to its fiscal intermediary and submit the required 
documentation.
    (8) If a hospital disagrees with an intermediary's determination 
regarding the hospital's initial or ongoing MDH status, the hospital may 
notify its fiscal intermediary and submit other documentable evidence to 
support its claim that it meets the MDH qualifying criteria.
    (9) The fiscal intermediary's initial and ongoing determination is 
subject to review under subpart R of Part 405 of this chapter. The time 
required by the fiscal intermediary to review the request is considered 
good cause for granting an extension of the time limit for the hospital 
to apply for that review.
    (c) Payment methodology. A hospital that meets the criteria in 
paragraph (a) of this section is paid for its inpatient operating costs 
the sum of paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
    (1) The Federal payment rate applicable to the hospital, as 
determined under subpart D of this part, subject to the regional floor 
defined in Sec. 412.70(c)(6).
    (2) The amount, if any, determined as follows:
    (i) For discharges occurring during the first three 12-month cost 
reporting periods that begin on or after April 1, 1990, 100 percent of 
the amount that the Federal rate determined under paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section is exceeded by the higher of the following:
    (A) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.73.
    (B) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.75.
    (ii) For discharges occurring during any subsequent cost reporting 
period (or portion thereof) and before October 1, 1994, and for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997 and before October 1, 
2006, 50 percent of the amount that the Federal rate determined under 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section is exceeded by the higher of the 
following:
    (A) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.73.
    (B) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.75.

[[Page 533]]

    (iii) For discharges occurring during cost reporting periods (or 
portions thereof) beginning on or after October 1, 2006, and before 
October 1, 2011, 75 percent of the amount that the Federal rate 
determined under paragraph (c)(1) of this section is exceeded by the 
highest of the following:
    (A) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.73.
    (B) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.75.
    (C) The hospital-specific rate as determined under Sec. 412.79.
    (d) Additional payments to hospitals experiencing a significant 
volume decrease. (1) CMS provides for a payment adjustment for a 
Medicare-dependent, small rural hospital for any cost reporting period 
during which the hospital experiences, due to circumstances as described 
in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, a more than 5 percent decrease in 
its total inpatient discharges as compared to its immediately preceding 
cost reporting period. If either the cost reporting period in question 
or the immediately preceding cost reporting period is other than a 12-
month cost reporting period, the intermediary must convert the 
discharges to a monthly figure and multiply this figure by 12 to 
estimate the total number of discharges for a 12-month cost reporting 
period.
    (2) To qualify for a payment adjustment on the basis of a decrease 
in discharges, a Medicare-dependent, small rural hospital must submit 
its request no later than 180 days after the date on the intermediary's 
Notice of Amount of Program Reimbursement and it must--
    (i) Submit to the intermediary documentation demonstrating the size 
of the decrease in discharges and the resulting effect on per discharge 
costs; and
    (ii) Show that the decrease is due to circumstances beyond the 
hospital's control.
    (3) The intermediary determines a lump sum adjustment amount not to 
exceed the difference between the hospital's Medicare inpatient 
operating costs and the hospital's total DRG revenue for inpatient 
operating costs based on DRG-adjusted prospective payment rates for 
inpatient operating costs (including outlier payments for inpatient 
operating costs determined under subpart F of this part and additional 
payments made for inpatient operating costs hospitals that serve a 
disproportionate share of low-income patients as determined under Sec. 
412.106 and for indirect medical education costs as determined under 
Sec. 412.105).
    (i) In determining the adjustment amount, the intermediary 
considers--
    (A) The individual hospital's needs and circumstances, including the 
reasonable cost of maintaining necessary core staff and services in view 
of minimum staffing requirements imposed by State agencies;
    (B) The hospital's fixed (and semi-fixed) costs, other than those 
costs paid on a reasonable cost basis under part 413 of this chapter; 
and
    (C) The length of time the hospital has experienced a decrease in 
utilization.
    (ii) The intermediary makes its determination within 180 days from 
the date it receives the hospital's request and all other necessary 
information.
    (iii) The intermediary determination is subject to review under 
subpart R of part 405 of this chapter. The time required by the 
intermediary to review the request is considered good cause for granting 
an extension of the time limit for the hospital to apply for that 
review.

[55 FR 15175, Apr. 20, 1990; 55 FR 32088, Aug. 7, 1990, as amended at 55 
FR 36070, Sept. 4, 1990; 57 FR 39824, Sept. 1, 1992; 58 FR 46339, Sept. 
1, 1993; 58 FR 67350, Dec. 21, 1993; 59 FR 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 62 FR 
46030, Aug. 29, 1997; 62 FR 52034, Oct. 6, 1997; 65 FR 47048, Aug. 1, 
2000; 66 FR 32194, June 13, 2001; 66 FR 39932, Aug. 1, 2001; 67 FR 
50112, Aug. 1, 2002; 69 FR 49247, Aug. 11, 2004; 70 FR 47486, Aug. 12, 
2005; 71 FR 48139, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.109  Special treatment: Essential access community hospitals 
(EACHs).

    (a) General rule. For payment purposes, CMS treats as a sole 
community hospital any hospital that is located in a rural area as 
described in paragraph (b) of this section and that CMS designated as an 
EACH under section 1820(i)(1) of the Act as in effect on September 30, 
1997, for as long as the hospital continues to comply with the terms, 
conditions, and limitations that

[[Page 534]]

were applicable at the time CMS designated the hospital as an EACH. The 
payment methodology for sole community hospitals is set forth at Sec. 
412.92(d).
    (b) Location in a rural area. For purposes of this section, a 
hospital is located in a rural area if it--
    (1) Is located outside any area that is a Metropolitan Statistical 
Area as defined by the Office of Management and Budget or that has been 
recognized as urban under Sec. 412.62;
    (2) Is not deemed to be located in an urban area under subpart D of 
this part.
    (3) Is not classified as an urban hospital for purposes of the 
standardized payment amount by CMS or the Medicare Geographic 
Classification Review Board; or
    (4) Is not located in a rural county that has been redesignated to 
an adjacent urban area under Sec. 412.232.
    (c) Adjustment to the hospital-specific rate for rural EACH's 
experiencing increased costs--(1) General rule. CMS increases the 
applicable hospital-specific rate of an EACH that it treats as a sole 
community hospital if, during a cost reporting period, the hospital 
experiences an increase in its Medicare inpatient operating costs per 
discharge that is directly attributable to activities related to its 
membership in a rural health network.
    (2) Request and documentation. In order for a hospital to qualify 
for an increase in its hospital-specific rate, it must meet the 
following criteria:
    (i) The hospital must submit its request to its intermediary no 
later than 180 days after the date on the intermediary's notice of 
program reimbursement.
    (ii) The request must include documentation specifically identifying 
the increased costs resulting from the hospital's participation in a 
rural health network and show that the increased costs during the cost 
reporting period will result in increased costs in subsequent cost 
reporting periods that are not already accounted for under the 
prospective payment system payment.
    (iii) The hospital must show that the cost increases are incremental 
costs that would not have been incurred in the absence of the hospital's 
membership in a rural health network.
    (iv) The hospital must show that the cost increases do not include 
amounts for start-up and one-time, nonrecurring costs attributable to 
its membership in a rural health network.
    (3) Intermediary recommendation. The intermediary forwards the 
following material to CMS within 60 days of receipt from the hospital:
    (i) The hospital's documentation and the intermediary's verification 
of that documentation.
    (ii) The intermediary's analysis and recommendation of the request.
    (iii) The hospital's Medicare cost report for the year in which the 
increase in costs occurred and the prior year.
    (4) CMS determination. CMS determines, within 120 days of receiving 
all necessary information from the intermediary, whether an increase in 
the hospital-specific rate is warranted and, if it is, the amount of the 
increase. CMS grants an adjustment only if a hospital's Medicare 
inpatient operating costs per discharge exceed the hospital's hospital-
specific rate. The adjusted hospital-specific rate cannot exceed the 
hospital's Medicare inpatient operating costs per discharge for the cost 
reporting period.
    (d) Termination of EACH designation. If CMS determines that a 
hospital no longer complies with the terms, conditions, and limitations 
that were applicable at the time CMS designated the hospital as an EACH, 
CMS will terminate the EACH designation of the hospital, effective with 
discharges occurring on or after 30 days after the date of the 
determination.
    (e) Review of CMS determination. A determination by CMS that a 
hospital's EACH designation should be terminated, is subject to review 
under part 405, subpart R of this chapter, including the time limits for 
filing requests for hearings as specified in Sec. Sec. 405.1811(a) and 
405.1841(a)(1) and (b) of this chapter.

[58 FR 30669, May 26, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 45398, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 
FR 45848, Sept. 1, 1995; 61 FR 21972, May 13, 1996; 62 FR 46030, Aug. 
29, 1997; 70 FR 47486, Aug. 12, 2005]

[[Page 535]]



  Subpart H_Payments to Hospitals Under the Prospective Payment Systems



Sec. 412.110  Total Medicare payment.

    Under the prospective payment systems, Medicare's total payment for 
inpatient hospital services furnished to a Medicare beneficiary by a 
hospital will equal the sum of the payments listed in Sec. Sec. 412.112 
through 412.115, reduced by the amounts specified in Sec. 412.120.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 39824, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.112  Payments determined on a per case basis.

    A hospital is paid the following amounts on a per case basis:
    (a) The appropriate prospective payment rate for inpatient operating 
costs for each discharge as determined in accordance with subparts D, E, 
and G of this part.
    (b) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1991, the appropriate prospective payment rate for capital-
related costs for each discharge as determined in accordance with 
subpart M of this part.
    (c) The appropriate outlier payment amounts determined under subpart 
F of this part.
    (d) Additional payments for new medical services and technologies 
determined under subpart F of this part.

[56 FR 43448, Aug. 30, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 39824, Sept. 1, 1992; 
68 FR 45470, Aug. 1, 2003]



Sec. 412.113  Other payments.

    (a) Capital-related costs--(1) Payment. Subject to the reductions 
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, payment for capital-
related costs (as described in Sec. 413.130 of this chapter) for cost 
reporting periods beginning before October 1, 1991 is determined on a 
reasonable cost basis.
    (2) Reduction to capital-related payments. (i) Except for sole 
community hospitals as defined in Sec. 412.92, the amount of capital-
related payments for cost-reporting periods beginning before October 1, 
1991 (including a return on equity capital as provided under Sec. 
413.157 of this chapter) is reduced by--
    (A) Three and one-half percent for payments attributable to portions 
of cost reporting periods occurring during Federal FY 1987;
    (B) Seven percent for payments attributable to portions of cost 
reporting periods or discharges (as the case may be) occurring during 
fiscal year 1988 and before January 1, 1988;
    (C) Twelve percent for payments attributable to portions of cost 
reporting periods or discharges (as the case may be) in fiscal year 1988 
occurring on or after January 1, 1988;
    (D) Fifteen percent for payments attributable to portions of cost 
reporting periods or discharges (as the case may be) occurring during 
fiscal year 1989 and beginning on or after January 1, 1990 and ending on 
or before September 30, 1991; and
    (E) Ten percent for payments attributable to portions of cost-
reporting periods occurring on or after October 1, 1991 and before the 
beginning of the hospital's first cost-reporting period beginning on or 
after October 1, 1991.
    (ii) If a hospital's cost reporting period encompasses more than one 
Federal fiscal year, the reductions to capital-related payments are 
determined on a prorated monthly basis.
    (3) For cost-reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1991, a hospital with a hospital-specific rate above the Federal capital 
rate is paid a hold-harmless payment for old capital determined in 
accordance with subpart M of this part.
    (b) Direct medical education costs. (1) Payment for the direct 
medical education costs of interns and residents in approved programs 
for cost reporting periods beginning prior to July 1, 1985, and for 
approved education activities of nurses and paramedical health 
professionals is made as described in Sec. 413.85 of this chapter.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1985, 
payment for the direct medical education costs of interns and residents 
in approved programs is made as described in Sec. Sec. 413.75 through 
413.83 of this subchapter.
    (3) Except as provided in Sec. 413.75(c) of this subchapter, for 
cost reporting periods during the prospective payment transition period, 
the costs of medical

[[Page 536]]

education must be determined in a manner that is consistent with the 
treatment of these costs for purposes of determining the hospital-
specific portion of the payment rate as provided in subpart E of this 
part.
    (c) Anesthesia services furnished by hospital or CAH employed 
nonphysician anesthetists or obtained under arrangements. (1) For cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1984 through any part 
of a cost reporting period occurring before January 1, 1989, payment is 
determined on a reasonable cost basis for anesthesia services provided 
in the hospital or CAH by qualified nonphysician anesthetists (certified 
registered nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologist's assistants) 
employed by the hospital or CAH or obtained under arrangements.
    (2)(i) For cost reporting periods, or any part of a cost reporting 
period, beginning on or after January 1, 1989, through any part of a 
cost reporting period occurring before January 1, 1990, payment is 
determined on a reasonable cost basis for anesthesia services provided 
in a hospital or CAH by qualified nonphysician anesthetists employed by 
the hospital or CAH or obtained under arrangement, if the hospital or 
CAH demonstrates to its intermediary prior to April 1, 1989 that it 
meets the following criteria:
    (A) The hospital or CAH is located in a rural area as defined in 
Sec. 412.62(f) and is not deemed to be located in an urban area under 
the provisions of Sec. 412.64(b)(3).
    (B) The hospital or CAH must have employed or contracted with a 
qualified nonphysician anesthetist, as defined in Sec. 410.66 of this 
chapter, as of January 1, 1988 to perform anesthesia services in that 
hospital or CAH. The hospital or CAH may employ or contract with more 
than one anesthetist; however, the total number of hours of service 
furnished by the anesthetists may not exceed 2,080 hours per year.
    (C) The hospital or CAH must provide data for its entire patient 
population to demonstrate that, during calendar year 1987, its volume of 
surgical procedures (inpatient and outpatient) requiring anesthesia 
services did not exceed 250 procedures. For purposes of this section, a 
surgical procedure requiring anesthesia services means a surgical 
procedure in which the anesthesia is administered and monitored by a 
qualified nonphysician anesthetist, a physician other than the primary 
surgeon, or an intern or resident.
    (D) Each qualified nonphysician anesthetist employed by or under 
contract with the hospital or CAH has agreed in writing not to bill on a 
reasonable charge basis for his or her patient care to Medicare 
beneficiaries in that hospital or CAH.
    (ii) To maintain its eligibility for reasonable cost payment under 
paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section in calendar years after 1989, a 
qualified hospital or CAH must demonstrate prior to January 1 of each 
respective year that for the prior year its volume of surgical 
procedures requiring anesthesia service did not exceed 500 procedures; 
or, effective October 1, 2002, did not exceed 800 procedures.
    (iii) A hospital or CAH that did not qualify for reasonable cost 
payment for nonphysician anesthetist services furnished in calendar year 
1989 can qualify in subsequent years if it meets the criteria in 
paragraphs (c)(2)(i)(A), (B), and (D) of this section, and demonstrates 
to its intermediary prior to the start of the calendar year that it met 
these criteria. The hospital or CAH must provide data for its entire 
patient population to demonstrate that, during calendar year 1987 and 
the year immediately preceding its election of reasonable cost payment, 
its volume of surgical procedures (inpatient and outpatient) requiring 
anesthesia services did not exceed 500 procedures, or, effective October 
1, 2002, did not exceed 800 procedures.
    (iv) For administrative purposes for the calendar years after 1990, 
the volume of surgical procedures for the immediately preceding year is 
the sum of the surgical procedures for the nine month period ending 
September 30, annualized for the twelve month period.
    (d) Organ acquisition. Payment for organ acquisition costs incurred 
by hospitals with approved transplantation centers is made on a 
reasonable cost basis. The term ``Organs'' is defined in Sec. 486.302 
of this chapter.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985]

[[Page 537]]


    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 
412.113, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the 
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.



Sec. 412.115  Additional payments.

    (a) Bad debts. An additional payment is made to each hospital in 
accordance with Sec. 413.89 of this chapter for bad debts attributable 
to deductible and coinsurance amounts related to covered services 
received by beneficiaries.
    (b) Administration of blood clotting factor. For discharges 
occurring on or after June 19, 1990, and before October 1, 1994, and for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997, an additional payment 
is made to a hospital for each unit of blood clotting factor furnished 
to a Medicare inpatient who is a hemophiliac. For discharges occurring 
on or after October 1, 2005, the additional payment is made based on the 
average sales price methodology specified in subpart K, part 414 of this 
chapter and the furnishing fee specified in Sec. 410.63 of this 
subchapter.
    (c) QIO photocopy and mailing costs. An additional payment is made 
to a hospital in accordance with Sec. 476.78 of this chapter for the 
costs of photocopying and mailing medical records requested by a QIO.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 
55 FR 15175, Apr. 20, 1990; 56 FR 43448, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 39825, 
Sept. 1, 1992; 57 FR 47787, Oct. 20, 1992; 58 FR 46339, Sept. 1, 1993; 
62 FR 46030, Aug. 29, 1997; 68 FR 67960, Dec. 5, 2003; 70 FR 47486, Aug. 
12, 2005]



Sec. 412.116  Method of payment.

    (a) General rules. (1) Unless the provisions of paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section apply, hospitals are paid for hospital inpatient 
operating costs and capital-related costs for each discharge based on 
the submission of a discharge bill.
    (2) Payments for inpatient hospital services furnished by an 
excluded psychiatric unit of a hospital (or by an excluded 
rehabilitation unit of a hospital for cost reporting periods beginning 
before January 1, 2002) are made as described in Sec. Sec. 413.64(a), 
(c), (d), and (e) of this chapter.
    (3) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2005, payments for inpatient hospital services furnished by an inpatient 
psychiatric facility that meets the conditions of Sec. 412.404 are made 
as described in Sec. 412.432.
    (4) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2002, payments for inpatient hospital services furnished by a 
rehabilitation hospital or a rehabilitation unit that meets the 
conditions of Sec. 412.604 are made as described in Sec. 412.632.
    (5) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2002, payments for inpatient hospital services furnished by a long-term 
care hospital that meets the conditions for payment of Sec. Sec. 
412.505 through 412.511 are made as described in Sec. 412.521.
    (b) Periodic interim payments--(1) Criteria for receiving periodic 
interim payments. Effective with claims received on or after July 1, 
1987, a hospital that meets the criteria in Sec. 413.64(h) of this 
chapter may request in writing to receive periodic interim payments as 
described in this paragraph. A hospital that is receiving periodic 
interim payments also receives payment on this basis for inpatient 
hospital services furnished by its excluded psychiatric or 
rehabilitation unit.
    (i) Failure of intermediary to make prompt payment. Beginning with 
claims received in April 1987, the hospital's fiscal intermediary does 
not meet the requirements of section 1816(c)(2) of the Act, which 
provides for prompt payment of claims under Medicare Part A, for three 
consecutive calendar months. The hospital may continue to receive 
periodic interim payments until the intermediary meets the requirements 
of section 1816 (c)(2) of the Act for three consecutive calendar months. 
For purposes of this paragraph, a hospital that is receiving periodic 
interim payments as of June 30, 1987 and meets the requirements of Sec. 
413.64(h) of this chapter may continue to receive payment on this basis 
until the hospital's intermediary meets the requirements of section 
1816(c)(2) of the Act for three consecutive calendar months beginning 
with April 1987.
    (ii) Hospitals that serve a disproportionate share of low-income 
patients. The hospital is receiving periodic interim payments as of June 
30, 1987 and has a

[[Page 538]]

disproportionate share payment adjustment factor of at least 5.1 percent 
as determined under Sec. 412.106(c) for purposes of establishing the 
average standardized amounts for discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 1986 and before October 1, 1987. The hospital's request must 
be made by a date prior to July 1, 1987, specified by the intermediary.
    (iii) Small rural hospitals. The hospital is receiving periodic 
interim payments as of June 30, 1987, makes its request by a date prior 
to July 1, 1987, specified by the intermediary, and, on July 1, 1987, 
the hospital--
    (A) Is located in a rural area as defined in Sec. 412.62(f); and
    (B) Has 100 or fewer beds available for use.
    (2) Frequency of payment. The intermediary estimates a hospital's 
prospective payments as described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
and makes biweekly payments equal to 1/26 of the total estimated amount 
of payment for the year. Each payment is made two weeks after the end of 
a biweekly period of service, as described in Sec. 413.64(h)(5) of this 
chapter. These payments are subject to final settlement.
    (3) Amount of payment. (i) The biweekly interim payment amount is 
based on the total estimated Medicare discharges for the reporting 
period multiplied by the hospital's estimated average prospective 
payment amount as described in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this paragraph. 
These interim payments are reviewed at least twice during the reporting 
period and adjusted if necessary. Fewer reviews may be necessary if a 
hospital receives interim payments for less than a full reporting 
period.
    (ii) For purposes of determining periodic interim payments under 
this paragraph, a hospital's estimated average prospective payment 
amount is computed as follows:
    (A) If a hospital has no payment experience under the prospective 
payment system for operating costs, the intermediary computes the 
hospital's estimated average prospective payment amount for operating 
costs by multiplying its payment rates as determined under Sec. 
412.70(c), but without adjustment by a DRG weighting factor, by the 
hospital's case-mix index, and subtracting from this amount estimated 
deductibles and coinsurance.
    (B) Effective for cost-reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1991, the intermediary computes a hospital's estimated 
average prospective payment amount for capital-related costs by 
multiplying its prospective payment rate as determined under Sec. 
412.340 or Sec. 412.344(a), as applicable, and under Sec. 412.308 for 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2001 but without 
adjustment by a DRG weighting factor, by the hospital's case-mix index. 
The intermediary may take into account estimated additional payments per 
discharge under Sec. 412.348. If the hospital is paid under Sec. 
412.344(a)(1), the intermediary includes an estimated payment for old 
capital costs per discharge.
    (C) If a hospital has payment experience under the prospective 
payment system for operating costs, and, for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1991, for inpatient capital-related 
costs, the intermediary computes a hospital's estimated average 
prospective payment amount for operating costs and capital-related costs 
based on that payment experience, adjusted for projected changes, and 
subtracts from this amount estimated deductibles and coinsurance.
    (4) Termination of periodic interim payments--(i) Request by the 
hospital. A hospital receiving periodic interim payments may convert to 
payments on a per discharge basis at any time.
    (ii) Removal by the intermediary. An intermediary terminates 
periodic interim payments if--
    (A) A hospital no longer meets the requirements of Sec. 413.64(h);
    (B) A hospital is receiving payment under the criterion in paragraph 
(b)(1)(i) of this section and the intemediary meets the prompt payment 
requirements of section 1816(c)(2) of the Act for three consecutive 
calendar months; or
    (C) A hospital that is receiving payment under the criterion set 
forth in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section no longer meets the 
criterion.
    (iii) Limitation on reelection. If a hospital that is receiving 
periodic interim payments under the criterion set forth

[[Page 539]]

in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) or (b)(1)(iii) of this section is removed from 
that method of payment at its own request, it may reelect to receive 
periodic interim payments only under the criterion set forth in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section. However, if the hospital is removed 
from that method of payment by its intermediary because it no longer 
meets the requirements of Sec. 413.64(h) of this chapter, that hospital 
may subsequently reelect to receive periodic interim payments if it 
qualifies under the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) or (b)(1)(iii) of 
this section, subject to the requirements in Sec. 413.64(h) of this 
chapter.
    (c) Special interim payments for certain costs. For capital-related 
costs for cost-reporting periods beginning before October 1, 1991 and 
the direct costs of medical education, which are not included in 
prospective payments but are reimbursed as specified in Sec. Sec. 
413.130 and 413.85 of this chapter, respectively, interim payments are 
made subject to final cost settlement. Interim payments for capital-
related items for cost-reporting periods beginning before October 1, 
1991 and the estimated cost of approved medical education programs 
(applicable to inpatient costs payable under Medicare Part A and for 
kidney acquisition costs in hospitals approved as renal transplantation 
centers) are determined by estimating the reimbursable amount for the 
year based on the previous year's experience and on substantiated 
information for the current year and divided into 26 equal biweekly 
payments. Each payment is made two weeks after the end of a biweekly 
period of services, as described in Sec. 413.64(h)(5) of this chapter. 
The interim payments are reviewed by the intermediary at least twice 
during the reporting period and adjusted if necessary.
    (d) Special interim payment for unusually long lengths of stay--(1) 
First interim payment. A hospital that is not receiving periodic interim 
payments under paragraph (b) of this section may request an interim 
payment after a Medicare beneficiary has been in the hospital at least 
60 days. Payment for the interim bill is determined as if the bill were 
a final discharge bill and includes any outlier payment determined as of 
the last day for which services have been billed.
    (2) Additional interim payments. A hospital may request additional 
interim payments at intervals of at least 60 days after the date of the 
first interim bill submitted under paragraph (d)(1) of this section. 
Payment for these additional interim bills, as well as the final bill, 
is determined as if the bill were the final bill with appropriate 
adjustments made to the payment amount to reflect any previous interim 
payment made under the provisions of this paragraph (d).
    (e) Outlier payment and additional payments for new medical services 
and technologies. Payments for outlier cases and additional payments for 
new medical services and technologies (described in subpart F of this 
part) are not made on an interim basis.
    (f) Accelerated payments--(1) General rule. Upon request, an 
accelerated payment may be made to a hospital that is not receiving 
periodic interim payments under paragraph (b) of this section if the 
hospital is experiencing financial difficulties because of the 
following:
    (i) There is a delay by the intermediary in making payment to the 
hospital.
    (ii) Due to an exceptional situation, there is a temporary delay in 
the hospital's preparation and submittal of bills to the intermediary 
beyond its normal billing cycle.
    (2) Approval of payment. A hospital's request for an accelerated 
payment must be approved by the intermediary and CMS.
    (3) Amount of payment. The amount of the accelerated payment is 
computed as a percentage of the net payment for unbilled or unpaid 
covered services.
    (4) Recovery of payment. Recovery of the accelerated payment is made 
by recoupment as hospital bills are processed or by direct payment by 
the hospital.

[53 FR 1627, Jan. 21, 1988, as amended at 53 FR 38532, Sept. 30, 1988; 
54 FR 36495, Sept. 1, 1989; 56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3016, Jan. 
27, 1992; 59 FR 36712, July 19, 1994; 59 FR 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 66 FR 
41387, Aug. 7, 2001; 67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002; 68 FR 45470, Aug. 1, 
2003; 69 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2004; 71 FR 48140, Aug. 18, 2006]

[[Page 540]]



Sec. 412.120  Reductions to total payments.

    (a) Deductible and coinsurance. Subject to paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section, the total Medicare payments otherwise payable to a hospital are 
reduced by the applicable deductible and coinsurance amounts related to 
inpatient hospital services as determined in accordance with Sec. Sec. 
409.82, 409.83, and 409.87 of this chapter.
    (b) Payment by workers' compensation, automobile medical, no-fault 
or liability insurance or an employer group health plan primary to 
Medicare. If workers' compensation, automobile medical, no-fault, or 
liability insurance or an employer group health plan which is primary to 
Medicare pays in full or in part, the Medicare payment is determined in 
accordance with the following guidelines:
    (1) If workers' compensation pays, in accordance with the applicable 
provisions of Sec. Sec. 405.316 through 405.321 of this chapter.
    (2) If automobile medical, no-fault, or liability insurance pays, in 
accordance with the applicable provisions of Sec. Sec. 405.322 through 
405.325 of this chapter.
    (3) If an employer group health plan which is primary to Medicare 
pays for services to ESRD beneficiaries, in accordance with the 
applicable provisions of Sec. Sec. 405.326 through 405.329 of this 
chapter.
    (4) If an employer group health plan which is primary to Medicare 
pays for services to employees age 65-69 and their spouses age 65-69, in 
accordance with the applicable provisions of Sec. Sec. 405.340 through 
405.344 of this chapter.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 55 FR 36071, Sept. 4, 1990; 
56 FR 573, Jan. 7, 1991; 57 FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.125  Effect of change of ownership on payments under the prospective 
payment systems.

    When a hospital's ownership changes, as described in Sec. 489.18 of 
this chapter, the following rules apply:
    (a) Payment for the operating and capital-related costs of inpatient 
hospital services for each patient, including outlier payments, as 
provided in Sec. 412.112, and payments for hemophilia clotting factor 
costs under Sec. 412.115(b), are made to the entity that is the legal 
owner on the date of discharge. Payments are not prorated between the 
buyer and seller.
    (1) The owner on the date of discharge is entitled to submit a bill 
for all inpatient hospital services furnished to a beneficiary 
regardless of when the beneficiary's coverage began or ended during a 
stay, or of how long the stay lasted.
    (2) Each bill submitted must include all information necessary for 
the intermediary to compute the payment amount, whether or not some of 
that information is attributable to a period during which a different 
party legally owned the hospital.
    (b) Other payments under Sec. 412.113 and payments for bad debts as 
described in Sec. 412.115(a), are made to each owner or operator of the 
hospital (buyer and seller) in accordance with the principles of 
reasonable cost reimbursement.

[50 FR 12741, Mar. 29, 1985, as amended at 56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991]



Sec. 412.130  Retroactive adjustments for incorrectly excluded hospitals and 
units.

    (a) Hospitals for which adjustment is made. The intermediary makes 
the payment adjustment described in paragraph (b) of this section for 
the following hospitals:
    (1) A hospital that was excluded from the prospective payment 
systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) or paid under the prospective 
payment system specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(3), as a new rehabilitation 
hospital for a cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 
1991 based on a certification under Sec. 412.23(b)(8) of this part 
regarding the inpatient population the hospital planned to treat during 
that cost reporting period, if the inpatient population actually treated 
in the hospital during that cost reporting period did not meet the 
requirements of Sec. 412.23(b)(2).
    (2) A hospital that has a unit excluded from the prospective payment 
systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) or paid under the prospective 
payment system

[[Page 541]]

specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(3), as a new rehabilitation unit for a cost 
reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1991, based on a 
certification under Sec. 412.30(a) regarding the inpatient population 
the hospital planned to treat in that unit during the period, if the 
inpatient population actually treated in the unit during that cost 
reporting period did not meet the requirements of Sec. 412.23(b)(2).
    (3) A hospital that added new beds to its existing rehabilitation 
unit for a cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1991 
based on a certification under Sec. 412.30(c) regarding the inpatient 
population the hospital planned to treat in these new beds during that 
cost reporting period, if the inpatient population actually treated in 
the new beds during that cost reporting period did not meet the 
requirements of Sec. 412.23(b)(2).
    (b) Adjustment of payment. (1) For cost reporting periods beginning 
before January 1, 2002, the intermediary adjusts the payment to the 
hospitals described in paragraph (a) of this section as follows:
    (i) The intermediary calculates the difference between the amounts 
actually paid during the cost reporting period for which the hospital, 
unit, or beds were first excluded as a new hospital, new unit, or newly 
added beds under subpart B of this part, and the amount that would have 
been paid under the prospective payment systems specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(1) for services furnished during that period.
    (ii) The intermediary makes a retroactive adjustment for the 
difference between the amount paid to the hospital based on the 
exclusion and the amount that would have been paid under the prospective 
payment systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1).
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2002, the intermediary adjusts the payment to the hospitals described in 
paragraph (a) of this section as follows:
    (i) The intermediary calculates the difference between the amounts 
actually paid under subpart P of this part during the cost reporting 
period for which the hospital, unit, or beds were first classified as a 
new hospital, new unit, or newly added beds under subpart B of this 
part, and the amount that would have been paid under the prospective 
payment systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) for services furnished 
during that period.
    (ii) The intermediary makes a retroactive adjustment for the 
difference between the amount paid to the hospital under subpart P of 
this part and the amount that would have been paid under the prospective 
payment systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1).

[56 FR 43241, Aug. 30, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992; 
59 FR 45400, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 45848, Sept. 1, 1995; 66 FR 41387, 
Aug. 7, 2001; 70 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2005]

Subparts I-J [Reserved]



 Subpart K_Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs for 
                    Hospitals Located in Puerto Rico

    Source: 52 FR 33058, Sept. 1, 1987, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 412.200  General provisions.

    Beginning with discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1987, 
hospitals located in Puerto Rico are subject to the rules governing the 
prospective payment system for inpatient operating costs. Except as 
provided in this subpart, the provisions of subparts A, B, C, F, G, and 
H of this part apply to hospitals located in Puerto Rico. Except for 
Sec. 412.60, which deals with DRG classification and weighting factors, 
the provisions of subparts D and E, which describe the methodology used 
to determine prospective payment rates for inpatient operating costs for 
hospitals, do not apply to hospitals located in Puerto Rico. Instead, 
the methodology for determining prospective payment rates for inpatient 
operating costs for these hospitals is set forth in Sec. Sec. 412.204 
through 412.212.

[57 FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.204  Payment to hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

    (a) FY 1988 through FY 1997. For discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 1987 and before October 1, 1997, payments for inpatient 
operating costs to hospitals located in Puerto Rico that

[[Page 542]]

are paid under the prospective payment system are equal to the sum of--
    (1) 75 percent of the Puerto Rico prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.208 or Sec. 
412.210; and
    (2) 25 percent of a national prospective payment rate for inpatient 
operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.212.
    (b) FY 1998 through March 31, 2004. For discharges occurring on or 
after October 1, 1997 and before April 1, 2004, payments for inpatient 
operating costs to hospitals located in Puerto Rico that are paid under 
the prospective payment system are equal to the sum of--
    (1) 50 percent of the Puerto Rico prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.208 or Sec. 
412.210; and
    (2) 50 percent of a national prospective payment rate for inpatient 
operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.212.
    (c) Period of April 1, 2004 through September 31, 2004. For 
discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2004 and before October 1, 
2004, payment for inpatient operating costs to hospitals located in 
Puerto Rico that are paid under the prospective payment system are equal 
to the sum of--
    (1) 37.5 percent of the Puerto Rico prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.208 or Sec. 
412.210; and
    (2) 62.5 percent of the national prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.212.
    (d) FY 2005 and thereafter. For discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 2004, payments for inpatient operating costs to hospitals 
located in Puerto Rico that are paid under the prospective payment 
system are equal to the sum of--
    (1) 25 percent of the Puerto Rico prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.208 or Sec. 
412.211; and
    (2) 75 percent of a national prospective payment rate for inpatient 
operating costs, as determined under Sec. 412.212.

[62 FR 46030, Aug. 29, 1997, as amended at 69 FR 49247, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.208  Puerto Rico rates for Federal fiscal year 1988.

    (a) General rule. CMS determines the Puerto Rico adjusted DRG 
prospective payment rate for inpatient operating costs for each 
inpatient hospital discharge occurring in Federal fiscal year 1988 for a 
prospective payment hospital. These rates are determined as described in 
paragraphs (b) through (i) of this section.
    (b) Determining target amounts. For each hospital subject to the 
prospective payment system for inpatient operating costs, CMS determines 
the Medicare target amount, as described in Sec. 413.40(c) of this 
chapter, for the hospital's cost reporting period beginning in fiscal 
year 1987. Revisions in the target amounts made subsequent to 
establishment of the standardized amounts under paragraph (d) of this 
section do not affect the standardized amounts.
    (c) Updating the target amounts for fiscal year 1988. CMS updates 
each target amount determined under paragraph (b) of this section for 
fiscal year 1988 by prorating the applicable percentage increase (as 
defined in Sec. 412.63(f) of this chapter) for fiscal year 1988 to the 
midpoint of fiscal year 1988 (April 1, 1988).
    (d) Standardizing amounts. CMS standardizes the amount updated under 
paragraph (c) of this section for each hospital by--
    (1) Adjusting for variations in case mix among hospitals;
    (2) Excluding an estimate of indirect medical education costs;
    (3) Adjusting for area variations in hospital wage levels; and
    (4) Excluding an estimate of the payments for hospitals that serve a 
disproportionate share of low-income patients.
    (e) Computing urban and rural averages. CMS computes separate 
discharge-weighted averages of the standardized amounts determined under 
paragraph (d) of this section for urban and rural hospitals in Puerto 
Rico.
    (f) Geographic classification. (1) For purposes of this paragraph 
(e) of this section, the following definitions apply:
    (i) The term urban area means a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), 
as

[[Page 543]]

defined by the Executive Office of Management and Budget.
    (ii) The term large urban area means an MSA with a population of 
more than 1,000,000.
    (iii) The term rural area means any area outside an urban area.
    (2) A hospital classified as rural is deemed to be urban and 
receives the urban Puerto Rico payment amount if the county in which it 
is located meets the following criteria:
    (i) At least 95 percent of the perimeter of the rural county is 
contiguous with urban counties.
    (ii) The county was reclassified from an urban area to a rural area 
after April 20, 1983, as described in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(iv).
    (iii) At least 15 percent of employed workers in the county commute 
to the central county of one of the adjacent MSAs.
    (g) Reducing for value of outlier payments. CMS reduces each of the 
average standardized amounts determined under paragraphs (c) through (e) 
of this section by a proportion equal to the proportion (estimated by 
CMS) of the total amount of payments based on DRG prospective payment 
rates that are additional payments to hospitals located in Puerto Rico 
for outlier cases under subpart F of this part.
    (h) Computing Puerto Rico rates established under the prospective 
payment system for inpatient operating costs for urban and rural 
hospitals. For each discharge classified within a DRG, CMS establishes a 
Puerto Rico prospective payment rate, as follows:
    (1) For hospitals located in an urban area, the rate equals the 
product of--
    (i) The average standardized amount (computed under paragraphs (c) 
through (g) of this section) for hospitals located in an urban area; and
    (ii) The weighting factor determined under Sec. 412.60(b) for that 
DRG.
    (2) For hospitals located in a rural area, the rate equals the 
product of--
    (i) The average standardized amount (computed under paragraphs (c) 
through (g) of this section) for hospitals located in a rural area; and
    (ii) The weighting factor determined under Sec. 412.60(b) for that 
DRG.
    (i) Adjusting for different area wage levels. CMS adjusts the 
proportion (as estimated by CMS from time to time) of Puerto Rico rates 
computed under paragraph (h) of this section that are attributable to 
wages and labor-related costs, for area differences in hospital wage 
levels, by a factor (established by CMS) reflecting the relative 
hospital wage level in the geographic area (that is, urban or rural area 
as determined under the provisions of paragraph (f) of this section) of 
the hospital compared to the national average hospital wage level.

[52 FR 33058, Sept. 1, 1987; 52 FR 35350, Sept. 18, 1987, as amended at 
53 FR 38533, Sept. 30, 1988; 57 FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.210  Puerto Rico rates for Federal fiscal years 1989 through 2003.

    (a) General rule. (1) CMS determines the Puerto Rico adjusted 
prospective payment rate for inpatient operating costs for each 
inpatient hospital discharge occurring in Federal fiscal years 1989 
through 2003 that involves inpatient hospital services of a hospital in 
Puerto Rico subject to the prospective payment system for which payment 
may be made under Medicare Part A.
    (2) The rate is determined for hospitals located in large urban, 
other urban, or rural areas within Puerto Rico, as described in 
paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section.
    (b) Geographic classifications. (1) For purposes of this section, 
the definitions set forth in Sec. 412.208(f)(1) apply.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1988, a hospital 
located in a rural county adjacent to one or more urban areas is deemed 
to be located in an urban area and receives the Federal payment amount 
for the urban area to which the greatest number of workers in the county 
commute if the rural county would otherwise be considered part of an 
urban area, under the standards for designating MSAs if the commuting 
rates used in determining outlying counties were determined on the basis 
of the aggregate number of resident workers who commute to (and, if 
applicable under the standards, from) the central county or central 
counties of all adjacent MSAs.

[[Page 544]]


These EOMB standards are set forth in the notice of final standards for 
classification of MSAs published in the Federal Register on January 3, 
1980 (45 FR 956), and available from CMS, East High Rise Building, Room 
132, 6325 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21207.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1988, for 
hospitals that consist of two or more separately located inpatient 
hospital facilities, the national adjusted prospective payment rate for 
inpatient operating costs is based on the geographic location of the 
hospital at which the discharge occurs.
    (c) Updating previous standardized amounts. CMS computes separate 
average standardized amounts for hospitals in large urban, other urban, 
and rural areas within Puerto Rico equal to the respective average 
standardized amount computed for fiscal year 1988 under Sec. 
412.208(e)--
    (1) Increased by the applicable percentage changes determined under 
Sec. 412.63 (g) and (h); and
    (2) Reduced by a proportion equal to the proportion (estimated by 
CMS) of the total amount of prospective payments that are additional 
payment amounts to hospitals located in Puerto Rico attributable to 
outlier cases under subpart F of this part.
    (d) Computing Puerto Rico rates for large urban, other urban, and 
rural hospitals. For each discharge classified within a DRG, CMS 
establishes for the fiscal year a Puerto Rico prospective payment rate 
for inpatient operating costs as follows:
    (1) For hospitals located in a large urban or other urban area in 
Puerto Rico, the rate equals the product of--
    (i) The average standardized amount (computed under paragraph (c) of 
this section) for the fiscal year for hospitals located in a large urban 
or other urban area; and
    (ii) The weighting factor determined under Sec. 412.60(b) for that 
DRG.
    (2) For hospitals located in a rural area in Puerto Rico, the rate 
equals the product of--
    (i) The average standardized amount (computed under paragraph (c) of 
this section) for the fiscal year for hospitals located in a rural area; 
and
    (ii) The weighting factor (determined under Sec. 412.60(b)) for 
that DRG.
    (e) Adjusting for different area wage levels. CMS adjusts the 
proportion (as estimated by CMS from time to time) of Puerto Rico rates 
computed under paragraph (d) of this section that is attributable to 
wages and labor-related costs for area differences in hospital wage 
levels by a factor (established by CMS) reflecting the relative hospital 
wage level in the geographic area (that is, urban or rural area as 
determined under the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section) of the 
hospital compared to the Peurto Rico average hospital wage level.

[52 FR 33058, Sept. 1, 1987, as amended at 53 FR 38533, Sept. 30, 1988; 
57 FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992; 62 FR 46030, Aug. 29, 1997; 69 FR 49247, 
Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.211  Puerto Rico rates for Federal fiscal year 2004 and subsequent 
fiscal years.

    (a) General rule. CMS determines the Puerto Rico adjusted 
prospective payment rate for inpatient operating costs for each 
inpatient hospital discharge occurring in Federal fiscal year 2004 and 
subsequent fiscal years that involves inpatient hospital services of a 
hospital in Puerto Rico subject to the prospective payment system for 
which payment may be made under Medicare Part A.
    (b) Geographic classifications. (1) For purposes of this section, 
the following definitions apply:
    (i) The term urban area means a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) 
as defined by the Executive Office of Management and Budget.
    (ii) The term rural area means any area outside of an urban area.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2004, a hospital 
located in a rural county adjacent to one or more urban areas is deemed 
to be located in an urban area and receives the Federal payment amount 
for the urban area to which the greater number of workers in the county 
commute if the rural county would otherwise be considered part of an 
urban area, under the standards for designating MSAs if the commuting 
rates used in determining outlying counties were determined on the basis 
of the aggregate

[[Page 545]]

number of resident workers who commute to (and, if applicable under the 
standards, from) the central county or central counties of all adjacent 
MSAs. These EOMB standards are set forth in the notice of final revised 
standards for classification of MSAs published in the Federal Register 
on December 27, 2000 (65 FR 82228), announced by EOMB on June 6, 2003, 
and available from CMS, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 
21244.
    (c) Computing the standardized amount. CMS computes a Puerto Rico 
standardized amount that is applicable to all hospitals located in all 
areas, increased by the applicable percentage change specified in Sec. 
412.64(d)(1).
    (d) Computing Puerto Rico Federal rates for inpatient operating 
costs for hospitals located in all areas. For each discharge classified 
within a DRG, CMS establishes for the fiscal year a Puerto Rico 
prospective payment rate for inpatient operating costs equal to the 
product of--
    (1) The average standardized amount for the fiscal year for 
hospitals located in all areas; and
    (2) The weighting factor determined under Sec. 412.60(b) for that 
DRG.
    (e) Adjusting for different area wage levels. CMS adjusts the 
proportion of the Puerto Rico rate for inpatient operating costs that 
are attributable to wages and labor-related costs for area differences 
in hospital wage levels by a factor (established by CMS based on survey 
data) reflecting the relative level of hospital wages and wage-related 
costs in the geographic area (that is, urban or rural area as determined 
under the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section) of the hospital 
compared to the Puerto Rico average level of hospital wages and wage-
related costs. The adjustment specified in this paragraph (e) also takes 
into account the earnings and paid hours of employment by occupational 
category.
    (1) The wage index is updated annually.
    (2) CMS determines the proportion of the Puerto Rico rate that is 
attributable to wages and labor-related costs from time to time, 
employing a methodology that is described in the annual update of the 
prospective payment system for payment of inpatient hospital operating 
costs published in the Federal Register.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2004, CMS 
employs 62 percent as the proportion of the rate that is adjusted for 
the relative level of hospital wages and wage-related costs, unless 
employing that percentage would result in lower payments for the 
hospital than employing the proportion determined under the methodology 
described in paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
    (f) Adjusting the wage index to account for commuting patterns of 
hospital workers.
    (1) General criteria. For discharges occurring on or after October 
1, 2004, CMS adjusts the hospital wage index for hospitals located in 
qualifying areas to recognize the commuting patterns of hospital 
employees. A qualifying area is an area that meets all of the following 
criteria:
    (i) Hospital employees in the area commute to work in an MSA (or 
MSAs) with a wage index (or wage indices) higher than the wage index of 
the area.
    (ii) At least 10 percent of the county's hospital employees commute 
to an MSA (or MSAs) with a higher wage index (or wage indices).
    (iii) The 3-year average hourly wage of the hospital(s) in the area 
equals or exceeds the 3-year average hourly wage of all hospitals in the 
MSA or rural area in which the county is located.
    (2) Amount of adjustment. A hospital located in an area that meets 
the criteria under paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (f)(1)(iii) of this 
section will receive an increase in its wage index that is equal to a 
weighted average of the difference between the prereclassified wage 
index of the MSA (or MSAs) with the higher wage index (or wage indices) 
and the prereclasssified wage index of the qualifying area, weighted by 
the overall percentage of the hospital employees residing in the 
qualifying area who are employed in any MSA with a higher wage index.
    (3) Process for determining the adjustment. (i) CMS will use the 
most accurate data available, as determined by CMS, to determine the 
out-migration percentage for each area.
    (ii) CMS will include, in its annual proposed and final notices of 
updates to

[[Page 546]]

the hospital inpatient prospective payment system, a listing of 
qualifying areas and the hospitals that are eligible to receive the 
adjustment to their wage indexes for commuting hospital employees, and 
the wage index increase applicable to each qualifying area.
    (iii) Any wage index adjustment made under this paragraph (f) is 
effective for a period of 3 fiscal years, except that hospitals in a 
qualifying county may elect to waive the application of the wage index 
adjustment. A hospital may waive the application of the wage index 
adjustment by notifying CMS in writing within 45 days after the 
publication in the Federal Register of the annual notice of proposed 
rulemaking for the hospital inpatient prospective payment system.
    (iv) A hospital in a qualifying area that receives a wage index 
adjustment under this paragraph (f) is not eligible for reclassification 
under Subpart L of this part.

[69 FR 49248, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.212  National rate.

    (a) General rule. For purposes of payment to hospitals located in 
Puerto Rico, the national prospective payment rate for inpatient 
operating costs is determined as described in paragraphs (b) through (d) 
of this section.
    (b) Computing Puerto Rico standardized amounts. (1) For Federal 
fiscal years before FY 2004, CMS computes a discharge-weighted average 
of the--
    (i) National urban adjusted standardized amount determined under 
Sec. 412.63(j)(1); and
    (ii) National rural adjusted average standardized amount determined 
under Sec. 412.63(j)(2)(i).
    (2) For fiscal years 2004 and subsequent fiscal years, CMS computes 
a discharge-weighted average of the national adjusted standardized 
amount determined under Sec. 412.64(e).
    (c) Computing a national rate. For each discharge classified within 
a DRG, the national rate equals the product of--
    (1) The national average standardized amount computed under 
paragraph (b) of this section; and
    (2) The weighting factor (determined under Sec. 412.60(b)) for that 
DRG.
    (d) Adjusting for different area wage levels. CMS adjusts the 
proportion (as estimated by CMS from time to time) of the national rate 
computed under paragraph (c) of this section that is attributable to 
wages and labor-related costs for area differences in hospital wage 
levels by a factor (established by CMS) reflecting the relative hospital 
wage level in the geographic area of the hospital compared to the 
national average hospital wage level.

[52 FR 33058, Sept. 1, 1987, as amended at 53 FR 38533, Sept. 30, 1988; 
57 FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992; 69 FR 49248, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.220  Special treatment of certain hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

    Subpart G of this part sets forth rules for special treament of 
certain facilities under the prospective payment system for inpatient 
operating costs. The following sections in subpart G of this part do not 
apply to hospitals located in Puerto Rico:
    (a) Section 412.92, sole community hospitals.
    (b) Section 412.96, referral centers.

[52 FR 33058, Sept. 1, 1987, as amended at 57 FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992]



      Subpart L_The Medicare Geographic Classification Review Board

    Source: 55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, unless otherwise noted.

                Criteria and Conditions for Redesignation



Sec. 412.230  Criteria for an individual hospital seeking redesignation to 
another rural area or an urban area.

    (a) General--(1) Purposes. Except as specified in paragraph (a)(5)--
    (i) For fiscal years prior to fiscal year 2005, an individual 
hospital may be redesignated from a rural area to an urban area, from a 
rural area to another rural area, or from an urban area to another urban 
area for the purposes of using the other area's standardized amount for 
inpatient operating costs, the wage index value, or both.
    (ii) Effective for fiscal year 2005 and subsequent fiscal years, an 
individual hospital may be redesignated from an

[[Page 547]]

urban area to another urban area, from a rural area to another rural 
area, or from a rural area to another urban area for the purposes of 
using the other area's wage index value.
    (2) Proximity. Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section, to be redesignated to another rural area or an urban area, a 
hospital must demonstrate a close proximity to the area to which it 
seeks redesignation by meeting the criteria in paragraph (b) of this 
section, and submitting data requested under paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (3) Special rules for sole community hospitals and rural referral 
centers. To be redesignated under the special rules in this paragraph, a 
hospital must be a sole community hospital or a rural referral center as 
of the date of the MGCRB's review.
    (i) A hospital that is a rural referral center, a sole community 
hospital, or both does not have to demonstrate a close proximity to the 
area to which it seeks redesignation.
    (ii) If a hospital that is a rural referral center, a sole community 
hospital, or both qualifies for urban redesignation, it is redesignated 
to the urban area that is closest to the hospital. If the hospital is 
closer to another rural area than to any urban area, it may seek 
redesignation to either the closest rural or the closest urban area.
    (iii) If a sole community hospital or rural referral center loses 
its special status as a result of redesignation, the hospital is 
considered to retain its special status for the purpose of applicability 
of the special rules in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
    (iv) A hospital that is redesignated under paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section may not be redesignated in the same fiscal year under paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section.
    (4) Application of criteria. In applying the numeric criteria 
contained in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), (d)(1)(iii), (d)(1)(iv)(A), and 
(d)(1)(iv)(B) of this section, rounding of numbers to meet the mileage 
or qualifying percentage standards is not permitted.
    (5) Limitations on redesignation. The following limitations apply to 
redesignation:
    (i) An individual hospital may not be redesignated to another area 
for purposes of the wage index if the pre-reclassified average hourly 
wage for that area is lower than the pre-reclassified average hourly 
wage for the area in which the hospital is located.
    (ii) A hospital may not be redesignated to more than one area.
    (iii) An urban hospital that has been granted redesignation as rural 
under Sec. 412.103 cannot receive an additional reclassification by the 
MGCRB based on this acquired rural status for a year in which such 
redesignation is in effect.
    (iv) Beginning with wage index reclassification applications for FY 
2003, if a hospital is already reclassified to a given geographic area 
for wage index purposes for a 3-year period, and submits an application 
for reclassification to the same area for either the second or third 
year of the 3-year period, that application will not be approved.
    (b) Proximity criteria. A hospital demonstrates a close proximity 
with the area to which it seeks redesignation if one of the following 
conditions applies:
    (1) The distance from the hospital to the area is no more than 15 
miles for an urban hospital and no more than 35 miles for a rural 
hospital.
    (2) At least 50 percent of the hospital's employees reside in the 
area.
    (c) Appropriate proximity data. For redesignation to an area, the 
hospital must submit appropriate data relating to its proximity to that 
area.
    (1) To demonstrate proximity to the area, the hospital must submit 
evidence of the shortest route over improved roads to the area and the 
distance of that route.
    (2) For employee address data, the hospital must submit current 
payroll records that include information that establishes the home 
addresses by zip code of its employees.
    (d) Use of urban or other rural area's wage index--(1) Criteria for 
use of area's wage index. Except as provided in paragraphs (d)(3) and 
(d)(4) of this section, to use an area's wage index, a hospital must 
demonstrate the following:
    (i) The hospital's incurred wage costs are comparable to hospital 
wage costs in an urban or other rural area;

[[Page 548]]

    (ii) The hospital has the necessary geographic relationship as 
specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section;
    (iii) One of the following conditions apply:
    (A) With respect to redesignations for Federal fiscal years 1994 
through 2001, the hospital's average hourly wage is at least 108 percent 
of the average hourly wage of hospitals in the area in which the 
hospital is located;
    (B) With respect to redesignations for Federal fiscal years 2002 
through 2005, the hospital's average hourly wage is, in the case of a 
hospital located in a rural area, at least 106 percent and in the case 
of a hospital located in an urban area, at least 108 percent of the 
average hourly wage of hospitals in the area in which the hospital is 
located; or
    (C) With respect to redesignations for Federal fiscal year 2006 and 
subsequent years, the hospital's average hourly wage is, in the case of 
a hospital located in a rural area, at least 106 percent and in the case 
of a hospital located in an urban area, at least 108 percent of the 
average hourly wage of all other hospitals in the area in which the 
hospital is located;
    (iv) One of the following conditions apply:
    (A) For redesignations effective before fiscal year 1999, the 
hospital's average hourly wage weighted for occupational categories is 
at least 90 percent of the average hourly wages of hospitals in the area 
to which it seeks redesignation.
    (B) With respect to redesignations for fiscal year 1994 through 
2001, the hospital's average hourly wage is equal to at least 84 percent 
of the average hourly wage of hospitals in the area to which it seeks 
redesignation.
    (C) With respect to redesignations for fiscal year 2002 and later 
years, the hospital's average hourly wage is equal to, in the case of a 
hospital located in a rural area, at least 82 percent, and in the case 
of a hospital located in an urban area, at least 84 percent of the 
average hourly wage of hospitals in the area to which it seeks 
redesignation.
    (2) Appropriate wage data. For a wage index change, the hospital 
must submit appropriate wage data as follows:
    (i) For redesignations effective through FY 2002:
    (A) For hospital-specific data, the hospital must provide data from 
the CMS hospital wage survey used to construct the wage index in effect 
for prospective payment purposes during the fiscal year prior to the 
fiscal year for which the hospital requests reclassification.
    (B) For data for other hospitals, the hospital must provide data 
concerning the average hourly wage in the area in which the hospital is 
located and the average hourly wage in the area to which the hospital 
seeks reclassification. The wage data are taken from the CMS hospital 
wage survey used to construct the wage index in effect for prospective 
payment purposes during the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year for 
which the hospital requests reclassification.
    (ii) For redesignations effective beginning FY 2003:
    (A) For hospital-specific data, the hospital must provide a weighted 
3-year average of its average hourly wages using data from the CMS 
hospital wage survey used to construct the wage index in effect for 
prospective payment purposes. However, for the limited purpose of 
qualifying for geographic reclassification based on wage data from cost 
reporting periods beginning prior to FY 2000, a hospital may request 
that its wage data be revised if the hospital is in an urban area that 
was subject to the rural floor for the period during which the wage data 
the hospital wishes to revise were used to calculate its wage index.
    (B) For data for other hospitals, the hospital must provide a 
weighted 3-year average of the average hourly wage in the area in which 
the hospital is located and a weighted 3-year average of the average 
hourly wage in the area to which the hospital seeks reclassification. 
The wage data are taken from the CMS hospital wage survey used to 
construct the wage index in effect for prospective payment purposes.
    (iii) For applications submitted for reclassifications effective in 
FYs 2006 through 2008, a campus of a multicampus hospital may seek 
reclassification only to a CBSA in which another campus(es) is located. 
If the campus is

[[Page 549]]

seeking reclassification to a CBSA in which another campus(es) is 
located, as part of its reclassification request, the requesting entity 
must submit the composite wage data for the entire multicampus hospital 
as its hospital-specific data.
    (iv) For purposes of this paragraph (d)(2), if a new owner does not 
accept assignment of the existing hospital's provider agreement in 
accordance with Sec. 489.18 of this chapter, the hospital will be 
treated as a new provider with a new provider number. In this case, the 
wage data associated with the previous hospital's provider number cannot 
be used in calculating the new hospital's 3-year average hourly wage. 
Once a new hospital has accumulated at least 1 year of wage data, it is 
eligible to apply for reclassification on the basis of those data.
    (3) Rural referral center exceptions. (i) If a hospital was ever a 
rural referral center, it does not have to demonstrate that it meets the 
average hourly wage criterion set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(iii) of this 
section.
    (ii) If a hospital was ever a rural referral center, it is required 
to meet only the criterion that applies to rural hospitals under 
paragraph (d)(1)(iv) of this section, regardless of its actual location 
in an urban or rural area.
    (4) Special dominating hospital exception. The requirements of 
paragraph (d)(1)(i) and (d)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if a 
hospital meets the following criteria:
    (i) Its average hourly wage is at least 108 percent of the average 
hourly wage of all other hospitals in the area in which the hospital is 
located.
    (ii) It pays at least 40 percent of the adjusted uninflated wages in 
the MSA.
    (iii) It was approved for redesignation under this paragraph (d) for 
each year from fiscal year 1992 through fiscal year 1997.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 25488, June 4, 1991; 57 
FR 39825, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 45399, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 45848, Sept. 
1, 1995; 62 FR 46031, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 26357, May 12, 1998; 65 FR 
47108, Aug. 1, 2000; 66 FR 39934, Aug. 1, 2001; 68 FR 45470, Aug. 1, 
2003; 68 FR 45470, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 49249, Aug. 11, 2004; 69 FR 
60252, Oct. 7, 2004; 69 FR 78529, Dec. 30, 2004; 70 FR 47484, Aug. 12, 
2005; 70 FR 57162, Sept. 30, 2005; 70 FR 57786, Oct. 4, 2005]



Sec. 412.232  Criteria for all hospitals in a rural county seeking urban 
redesignation.

    (a) Criteria. For all hospitals in a rural county to be redesignated 
to an urban area, the following conditions must be met:
    (1) The county in which the hospitals are located--
    (i) For fiscal years prior to fiscal year 2006, must be adjacent to 
the MSA or NECMA to which they seek redesignation.
    (ii) For fiscal years beginning with fiscal year 2006, must be 
adjacent to the MSA to which they seek redesignation.
    (2) All hospitals in a rural county must apply for redesignation as 
a group.
    (3) The hospitals must demonstrate that the rural county in which 
they are located currently meets the criteria for metropolitan character 
under paragraph (b) of this section and the wage criteria under 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (4) The hospital may be redesignated only if one of the following 
conditions is met:
    (i) The prereclassified average hourly wage for the area to which 
they seek redesignation is higher than the prereclassified average 
hourly wage for the area in which they are currently located.
    (ii) For fiscal years prior to fiscal year 2006, the standardized 
amount for the area to which they seek redesignation is higher than the 
standardized amount for the area in which they are located.
    (b) Metropolitan character. (1) For fiscal years prior to FY 2005, 
the group of hospitals must demonstrate that the county in which the 
hospitals are located meets the standards for redesignation to an MSA or 
an NECMA as an outlying county that were published in the Federal 
Register on March 30, 1990 (55 FR 12154) using Bureau of the Census data 
or Bureau of Census estimates made after 1990.
    (2) For fiscal years beginning with FY 2005, the group of hospitals 
must demonstrate that the county in which the hospitals are located 
meets the standards for redesignation to an MSA

[[Page 550]]

as an outlying county that were published in the Federal Register on 
December 27, 2000 (65 FR 82228) using Census Bureau data or Census 
Bureau estimates made after 2000.
    (c) Wage criteria. In applying the following numeric criteria, 
rounding of numbers to meet the qualifying percentages is not permitted.
    (1) Aggregate hourly wage. The aggregate average hourly wage for all 
hospitals in the rural county must be equal to at least 85 percent of 
the average hourly wage in the adjacent urban area; or
    (2) Aggregate hourly wage weighted for occupational mix. For 
redesignations effective before fiscal year 1999, the aggregate hourly 
wage for all hospitals in the rural county, weighted for occupational 
categories, is at least 90 percent of the average hourly wage in the 
adjacent urban area.
    (d) Appropriate data--(1) Metropolitan character. (i) To meet the 
criteria in paragraph (b) of this section, the hospitals may submit 
data, estimates, or projections, made by the Bureau of the Census 
concerning population density or growth, or changes in designation of 
urban areas.
    (ii) The MGCRB only considers data developed by the Bureau of the 
Census.
    (2) Appropriate wage data. The hospitals must submit appropriate 
data as follows:
    (i) For redesignations effective through FY 2002:
    (A) For hospital-specific data, the hospitals must provide data from 
the CMS wage survey used to construct the wage index in effect for 
prospective payment purposes during the fiscal year prior to the fiscal 
year for which the hospitals request reclassification.
    (B) For data for other hospitals, the hospitals must provide the 
following:
    (1) The average hourly wage in the adjacent area, which is taken 
from the CMS hospital wage survey used to construct the wage index in 
effect for prospective payment purposes during the fiscal year prior to 
the fiscal year for which the hospitals request reclassification.
    (2) Occupational-mix data to demonstrate the average occupational 
mix for each employment category in the adjacent area. Occupational-mix 
data can be obtained from surveys conducted by the American Hospital 
Association.
    (ii) For redesignations effective beginning FY 2003:
    (A) For hospital-specific data, the hospital must provide a weighted 
3-year average of its average hourly wages using data from the CMS 
hospital wage survey used to construct the wage index in effect for 
prospective payment purposes.
    (B) For data for other hospitals, the hospital must provide a 
weighted 3-year average of the average hourly wage in the area in which 
the hospital is located and a weighted 3-year average of the average 
hourly wage in the area to which the hospital seeks reclassification. 
The wage data are taken from the CMS hospital wage survey used to 
construct the wage index in effect for prospective payment purposes.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 57 FR 39826, Sept. 1, 1992; 
58 FR 46339, Sept. 1, 1993; 59 FR 45399, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 45849, 
Sept. 1, 1995; 62 FR 46031, Aug. 29, 1997; 66 FR 39934, Aug. 1, 2001; 69 
FR 49249, Aug. 11, 2004; 69 FR 60252, Oct. 7, 2004]



Sec. 412.234  Criteria for all hospitals in an urban county seeking 
redesignation to another urban area.

    (a) General criteria. For all prospective payment hospitals in an 
.urban county to be redesignated to another urban area, the following 
conditions must be met:
    (1) All hospitals in an urban county must apply for redesignation as 
a group.
    (2) The county in which the hospitals are located must be adjacent 
to the urban area to which they seek redesignation.
    (3) (i) For Federal fiscal years before fiscal year 2006, the 
counties in which the hospitals are located must be part of the 
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) that includes the 
urban area to which they seek redesignation.
    (ii) For Federal fiscal year 2006, hospitals located in counties 
that are in the same Combined Statistical Area (CSA) (under the MSA 
definitions announced by the OMB on June 6, 2003) as

[[Page 551]]

the urban area to which they seek redesignation; or in the same 
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) (under the standards 
published by the OMB on March 30, 1990) as the urban area to which they 
seek designation qualify as meeting the proximity requirements for 
reclassification to the urban area to which they seek redesignation.
    (iii) For Federal fiscal year 2007, hospitals located in counties 
that are in the same Combined Statistical Area (CSA) (under the MSA 
definitions announced by the OMB on June 6, 2003) as the urban area to 
which they seek redesignation qualify as meeting the proximity 
requirement for reclassification to the urban area to which they seek 
redesignation.
    (iv) For Federal fiscal year 2008 and thereafter, hospitals located 
in counties that are in the same Combined Statistical Area (CSA) or 
Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) (under the MSA definitions announced 
by the OMB on June 6, 2003) as the urban area to which they seek 
redesignation qualify as meeting the proximity requirements for 
reclassification to the urban area to which they seek redesignation.
    (4) The hospital may be redesignated only if one of the following 
conditions is met:
    (i) The prereclassified average hourly wage for the area to which 
they seek redesignation is higher than the prereclassified average 
hourly wage for the area in which they are currently located.
    (ii) For fiscal years prior to fiscal year 2005, the standardized 
amount for the area to which they seek redesignation is higher than the 
standardized amount for the area in which they are located.
    (b) Wage criteria. In applying the following numeric criteria, 
rounding of numbers to meet the qualifying percentages is not permitted.
    (1) Aggregate hourly wage. The aggregate average hourly wage of all 
hospitals in the urban county must be at least 85 percent of the average 
hospital hourly wage in the MSA to which the hospitals in the county 
seek reclassification; or
    (2) Aggregate hourly wage weighted for occupational mix. For 
redesignations effective before fiscal year 1999, the aggregate average 
hourly wage for all hospitals in the county, weighted for occupational 
categories, is at least 90 percent of the average hourly wage in the 
adjacent urban area.
    (c) Appropriate wage data. The hospitals must submit appropriate 
wage data as provided for in Sec. 412.230(d)(2).

[56 FR 25488, June 4, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 39826, Sept. 1, 1992; 58 
FR 46339, Sept. 1, 1993; 60 FR 45849, Sept. 1, 1995; 62 FR 46031, Aug. 
29, 1997; 69 FR 49249, Aug. 11, 2004; 70 FR 47487, Aug. 12, 2005; 71 FR 
48140, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.235  Criteria for all hospitals in a State seeking a statewide wage 
index redesignation.

    (a) General criteria. For all prospective payment system hospitals 
in a State to be redesignated to a statewide wage index, the following 
conditions must be met:
    (1) All prospective payment system hospitals in the State must apply 
as a group for reclassification to a statewide wage index through a 
signed single application.
    (2) All prospective payment system hospitals in the State must agree 
to the reclassification to a statewide wage index through a signed 
affidavit on the application.
    (3) All prospective payment system hospitals in the State must 
agree, through an affidavit, to withdrawal of an application or to 
termination of an approved statewide wage index reclassification.
    (4) All hospitals in the State must waive their rights to any wage 
index classification that they would otherwise receive absent the 
statewide wage index classification, including a wage index that any of 
the hospitals might have received through individual geographic 
reclassification.
    (5) New hospitals that open within the State prior to the deadline 
for submitting an application for a statewide wage index 
reclassification (September 1), regardless of whether a group 
application has already been filed, must agree to the use of the 
statewide wage index as part of the group application. New hospitals 
that open within the State after the deadline for submitting a statewide 
wage index reclassification

[[Page 552]]

application or during the approved reclassification period will be 
considered a party to the statewide wage index application and 
reclassification.
    (b) Effect on payments. (1) An individual hospital within the State 
may receive a wage index that could be higher or lower under the 
statewide wage index reclassification in comparison to its otherwise 
redesignated wage index.
    (2) Any new prospective payment system hospital that opens in the 
State during the effective period of an approved statewide wage index 
reclassification will be designated to receive the statewide wage index 
for the duration of that period.
    (c) Terms of the decision. (1) A decision by the MGCRB on an 
application for a statewide wage index reclassification will be 
effective for 3 years beginning with discharges occurring on the first 
day (October 1) of the second Federal fiscal year following the Federal 
fiscal year in which the hospitals filed a complete application.
    (2) The procedures and timeframes specified in Sec. 412.273 apply 
to withdrawals of applications for redesignation to a statewide wage 
index and terminations of approved statewide wage index 
reclassifications, including the requirement that, to withdraw an 
application or terminate an approved reclassification, the request must 
be made in writing by all hospitals that are party to the application, 
except hospitals reclassified into the State for purposes of receiving 
the statewide wage index.

[66 FR 39935, Aug. 1, 2001]

                       Composition and Procedures



Sec. 412.246  MGCRB members.

    (a) Composition. The Medicare Geographical Classification Review 
Board (MGCRB) consists of five members, including a Chairman, all of 
whom are appointed by the Secretary. The members include two members who 
are representative of prospective payment system hospitals located in 
rural areas, and at least one individual who is knowledgeable in 
analyzing the costs of inpatient hospital services.
    (b) Term of office. The term of office for an MGCRB member may not 
exceed 3 years. A member may serve more than one term. The Secretary may 
terminate a member's tenure prior to its full term.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 61 FR 46224, Aug. 30, 1996; 
61 FR 51217, Oct. 1, 1996]



Sec. 412.248  Number of members needed for a decision or a hearing.

    (a) A quorum. A quorum, consisting of at least a majority of the 
MGCRB members, one of whom is representative of rural hospitals if 
possible, is required for making MGCRB decisions.
    (b) Number of members for a hearing. If less than a quorum is 
present for an oral hearing, the chairman with the consent of the 
hospital may allow those members present to conduct the hearing and to 
prepare a recommended decision, which is then submitted to a quorum.



Sec. 412.250  Sources of MGCRB's authority.

    (a) Compliance. The MGCRB, in issuing decisions under section 
1886(d)(10)(C) of the Act, complies with all the provisions of title 
XVIII and related provisions of the Act and implementing regulations, 
including the criteria and conditions located at Sec. 412.230 through 
Sec. 412.236, issued by the Secretary under the authority of section 
1886(d)(10)(D) of the Act; and CMS Rulings issued under the authority of 
the Administrator.
    (b) Affords great weight. The MGCRB affords great weight to other 
interpretive rules, general statements of policy and rules of agency 
organization, procedure, and practice established by CMS.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 25488, June 4, 1991]



Sec. 412.252  Applications.

    (a) By one hospital. An individual prospective payment system 
hospital seeking redesignation to a different rural or urban area has 
the right to submit an application to the MGCRB.
    (b) By a group of hospitals. A group of hospitals has the right to 
submit an application to the MGCRB requesting

[[Page 553]]

redesignation of all prospective payment hospitals in a county if all 
prospective payment hospitals located in a county agree to the request.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 69 FR 49250, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.254  Proceedings before MGCRB.

    (a) On-the-record decision. The MGCRB will ordinarily issue an on-
the-record decision without conducting an oral hearing. The MGCRB will 
issue a decision based upon all documents, data, and other written 
evidence and comments submitted timely to the MGCRB by the parties.
    (b) Oral hearing. The MGCRB may hold an oral hearing on its own 
motion or if a party demonstrates to the MGCRB's satisfaction that an 
oral hearing is necessary.



Sec. 412.256  Application requirements.

    (a) Written application. A request for reclassification must be in 
writing and must constitute a complete application in accordance with 
paragraph (b) of this section.
    (1) An application must be mailed or delivered to the MGCRB, with a 
copy to CMS, and may not be submitted through the facsimile (FAX) 
process or by other electronic means.
    (2) A complete application must be received not later than the first 
day of the 13-month period preceding the Federal fiscal year for which 
reclassification is requested.
    (3) The filing date of an application is the date the application is 
received by the MGCRB.
    (b) Criteria for a complete application. An application is complete 
if the application from an individual hospital or from all hospitals in 
a county includes the following information:
    (1) The Federal fiscal year for which the hospital is applying for 
redesignation.
    (2) Which criteria constitute the basis of the request for 
reclassification.
    (3) An explanation of how the hospital or hospitals meet the 
relevant criteria in Sec. Sec. 412.230 through 412.236, including any 
necessary data to support the application.
    (c) Opportunity to complete a submitted application. (1) The MGCRB 
will review an application within 15 days of receipt to determine if the 
application is complete. If the MGCRB determines that an application is 
incomplete, the MGCRB will notify the hospital, with a copy to CMS, 
within the 15 day period, that it has determined that the application is 
incomplete and may dismiss the application if a complete application is 
not filed by September 1.
    (2) At the request of the hospital, the MGCRB may, for good cause, 
grant a hospital that has submitted an application by September 1, an 
extension beyond September 1 to complete its application.
    (d) Appeal of MGCRB dismissal. (1) The hospital may appeal the MGCRB 
dismissal to the Administrator within 15 days of the date of the notice 
of dismissal.
    (2) Within 20 days of receipt of the hospital's request for appeal, 
the Administrator will affirm the dismissal or reverse the dismissal and 
remand the case to the MGCRB to determine whether reclassification is 
appropriate.
    (e) Notification of complete application. When the MGCRB determines 
that the hospital's application contains all the necessary elements for 
a complete application, it notifies the hospital in writing, with a copy 
to CMS, that the application is complete and that the case may proceed 
to an MGCRB decision.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 25488, June 4, 1991; 62 
FR 46031, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 26357, May 12, 1998; 64 FR 41541, July 
30, 1999]



Sec. 412.258  Parties to MGCRB proceeding.

    (a) The party or parties to an MGCRB proceeding are the hospital or 
group of hospitals requesting a change in geographic designation.
    (b) CMS has 30 days from the date of receipt of notice of a complete 
application to submit written comments and recommendations (with a copy 
to the hospital) for consideration by the MGCRB.
    (c) The hospital has 15 days from the date of receipt of CMS's 
comments to submit written comments to the MGCRB, with a copy to CMS, 
for the purpose of responding to CMS's comments.

[[Page 554]]



Sec. 412.260  Time and place of the oral hearing.

    If the MGCRB decides that an oral hearing is necessary, it sets the 
time and place for the hearing and notifies the parties in writing, with 
a copy to CMS, not less than 10 days before the time scheduled for the 
hearing. The MGCRB may reschedule, adjourn, postpone, or reconvene the 
hearing provided that reasonable written notice is given to the parties, 
with a copy to CMS.



Sec. 412.262  Disqualification of an MGCRB member.

    (a) Grounds for disqualification. An MGCRB member may not 
participate in any decision in a case in which he or she may be 
prejudiced or partial with respect to a party or has any other interest 
in the case.
    (b) Request for disqualification. If a party believes that an MGCRB 
member should not participate in a decision, the party submits the 
objection in writing to the MGCRB at its earliest opportunity, 
explaining the grounds for the request. CMS may also submit such a 
suggestion to the MGCRB.
    (c) Consideration by the MGCRB member. The MGCRB member will 
consider the objection and, at his or her discretion, either will 
proceed or withdraw.
    (d) Consideration by the MGCRB If the member does not withdraw, a 
party may petition the MGCRB for withdrawal and the MGCRB will consider 
the objection and rule on whether the member may participate in the 
decision before it decides the case.



Sec. 412.264  Evidence and comments in MGCRB proceeding.

    (a) Submission by the parties. Before a decision is issued and 
during an oral hearing, the parties may present evidence or comments to 
the MGCRB regarding the matters at issue in the case.
    (b) Content of evidence and comments. The MGCRB may receive evidence 
and comments without regard for the rules of evidence applicable to 
court procedures.
    (c) Ex parte communications. (1) The members of the MGCRB and its 
staff may not consult or be consulted by an individual representing the 
interests of an applicant hospital or by any other individual on any 
matter in issue before the MGCRB without notice to the hospital or CMS. 
If such communication occurs, the MGCRB will disclose it to the hospital 
or CMS, as appropriate, and make it part of the record after the 
hospital or CMS has had an opportunity to comment. MGCRB members and 
staff may not consider any information outside the record about matters 
concerning a hospital's application for reclassification.
    (2) The provisions in paragraph (c)(1) of this section do not apply 
to the following:
    (i) Communications among MGCRB members and staff.
    (ii) Communications concerning the MGCRB's administrative functions 
or procedures.
    (iii) Requests from the MGCRB to a party or CMS for a document.
    (iv) Material that the MGCRB includes in the record after notice and 
an opportunity to comment.
    (d) MGCRB rulings on evidence and comments. The MGCRB rules upon the 
admissibility of evidence and comments and excludes irrelevant, 
immaterial, or unduly repetitious evidence and comments.



Sec. 412.266  Availability of wage data.

    A hospital may obtain the average hourly wage data necessary to 
prepare its application to the MGCRB from Federal Register documents 
published in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 412.8(b).

[60 FR 45849, Sept. 1, 1995]



Sec. 412.268  Subpoenas.

    (a) In general. When reasonably necessary for the full presentation 
of a case, and only after a pre-decision request for information or data 
has failed to produce the necessary evidence, either upon its own motion 
or upon the request of a party, the MGCRB may issue subpoenas for the 
attendance and testimony of witnesses, for an oral hearing or the 
production of books, records, correspondence, papers, or other documents 
that are relevant and material to any matter at issue.

[[Page 555]]

    (b) Content of request. The request must designate which witnesses 
or documents are to be produced, and describe addresses or locations 
with sufficient particularly to permit these witnesses or documents to 
be found. The request for a subpoena must state the pertinent facts that 
the party expects to establish by the requested witnesses or documents 
and whether these facts could be established by other evidence without 
the use of a subpoena.
    (c) Issuance. Subpoenas are issued as provided in section 205(d) of 
the Act.
    (d) Payment for subpoena cost. CMS pays for the cost of issuing 
subpoenas and the fees and mileage of any witness who is subpoenaed, as 
provided in section 205(d) of the Act.



Sec. 412.270  Witnesses.

    Witnesses at an oral hearing testify under oath or affirmation, 
unless excused by the MGCRB for cause. The MGCRB may examine the 
witnesses and may allow the parties or their representatives to also 
examine any witnesses called.



Sec. 412.272  Record of proceedings before the MGCRB.

    A complete record of the proceedings before the MGCRB is made in all 
cases. The record will not be closed until a decision has been issued by 
the MGCRB. A transcription of an oral hearing will be made at a party's 
request, at the expense of the requesting party.



Sec. 412.273  Withdrawing an application, terminating an approved 3-year 
reclassification, or canceling a previous withdrawal or termination.

    (a) Timing of a withdrawal. The MGCRB allows a hospital, or group of 
hospitals, to withdraw its application if the request for withdrawal is 
submitted to the MGCRB during the following time periods:
    (1) At any time before the MGCRB issues a decision on the 
application; or
    (2) After the MGCRB issues a decision, provided that the request for 
withdrawal is received by the MGCRB within 45 days of publication of 
CMS's annual notice of proposed rulemaking concerning changes to the 
inpatient hospital prospective payment system and proposed payment rates 
for the fiscal year for which the application has been filed.
    (b) Request for termination of approved 3-year wage index 
reclassifications.
    (1) A hospital, or a group of hospitals, that has been issued a 
decision on its application for a 3-year reclassification for wage index 
purposes only or for redesignation to a statewide wage index and has not 
withdrawn that application under the procedures specified in paragraph 
(a) of this section may request termination of its approved 3-year wage 
index reclassification under the following conditions:
    (i) The request to terminate must be received by the MGCRB within 45 
days of the publication of the annual notice of proposed rulemaking 
concerning changes to the inpatient hospital prospective payment system 
and proposed payment rates for the fiscal year for which the termination 
is to apply.
    (ii) A request to terminate a 3-year reclassification will be 
effective only for the full fiscal year(s) remaining in the 3-year 
period at the time the request is received. Requests for terminations 
for part of a fiscal year will not be considered.
    (2) Reapplication within the approved 3-year period. (i) If a 
hospital elects to withdraw its wage index application after the MGCRB 
has issued its decision, it may cancel its withdrawal in a subsequent 
year and request the MGCRB to reinstate its wage index reclassification 
for the remaining fiscal year(s) of the 3-year period.
    (ii) A hospital may apply for reclassification for purposes of the 
wage index to a different area (that is, an area different from the one 
to which it was originally reclassified for the 3-year period). If the 
application is approved, the reclassification will be effective for 3 
years. Once a 3-year reclassification becomes effective, a hospital may 
no longer cancel a withdrawal or termination of another 3-year 
reclassification, regardless of whether the withdrawal or termination 
request is made within 3 years from the date of the withdrawal or 
termination.
    (iii) In a case in which a hospital with an existing 3-year wage 
index reclassification applies to be reclassified

[[Page 556]]

to another area, its existing 3-year reclassification will be terminated 
when a second 3-year wage index reclassification goes into effect for 
payments for discharges on or after the following October 1.
    (c) Written request only. A request to withdraw an application or 
terminate an approved reclassification must be made in writing to the 
MGCRB by all hospitals that are party to the application or 
reclassification.
    (d) Process for canceling a previous withdrawal or termination. A 
hospital may cancel a previous withdrawal or termination by submitting 
written notice of its intent to the MGCRB no later than the deadline for 
submitting reclassification applications for the following fiscal year, 
as specified in Sec. 412.256(a)(2).
    (e) Appeal of the MGCRB's denial of a hospital's request for 
withdrawal. (1) A hospital may file an appeal of the MGCRB's denial of 
its request for withdrawal of an application to the Administrator. The 
appeal must be received within 15 days of the date of the notice of the 
denial.
    (2) Within 20 days of receipt of the hospital's request for appeal, 
the Administrator affirms or reverses the denial.

[56 FR 25489, June 4, 1991, as amended at 56 FR 43241, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 
FR 39826, Sept. 1, 1992; 66 FR 39935, Aug. 1, 2001; 67 FR 50113, Aug. 1, 
2002]



Sec. 412.274  Scope and effect of an MGCRB decision.

    (a) Scope of decision. The MGCRB may affirm or change a hospital's 
geographic designation. The MGCRB's decision is based upon the evidence 
of record, including the hospital's application and other evidence 
obtained or received by the MGCRB.
    (b) Effective date and term of the decision. (1) For 
reclassifications prior to fiscal year 2005, a standardized amount 
classification change is effective for 1 year beginning with discharges 
occurring on the first day (October 1) of the second Federal fiscal year 
following the Federal fiscal year in which the complete application is 
filed and ending effective at the end of that Federal fiscal year (the 
end of the next September 30).
    (2) A wage index classification change is effective for 3 years 
beginning with discharges occurring on the first day (October 1) of the 
second Federal fiscal year in which the complete application is filed.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 62 FR 46031, Aug. 29, 1997; 
66 FR 39935, Aug. 1, 2001; 69 FR 49250, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 412.276  Timing of MGCRB decision and its appeal.

    (a) Timing. The MGCRB notifies the parties in writing, with a copy 
to CMS, and issues a decision within 180 days after the first day of the 
13-month period preceding the Federal fiscal year for which a hospital 
has filed a complete application. The hospital has 15 days from the date 
of the decision to request Administrator review.
    (b) Appeal. The decision of the MGCRB is final and binding upon the 
parties unless it is reviewed by the Administrator and the decision is 
changed by the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 412.278.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 64 FR 41541, July 30, 1999]



Sec. 412.278  Administrator's review.

    (a) Hospitals requests for review. A hospital or group of hospitals 
dissatisfied with the MGCRB's decision regarding its geographic 
designation may request the Administrator to review the MGCRB decision. 
(A hospital or group of hospitals may also request that the 
Administrator review the MGCRB's dismissal of an application as untimely 
filed or incomplete, as provided in Sec. 412.256(d).)
    (b) Procedures for hospital's request for review. (1) The hospital's 
request for review must be in writing and sent to the Administrator, in 
care of the Office of the Attorney Advisor. The request must be received 
by the Administrator within 15 days after the date the MGCRB issues its 
decision. A request for Administrator review filed by facsimile (FAX) or 
other electronic means will not be accepted. The hospital must also mail 
a copy of its request for review to CMS's Hospital and Ambulatory Policy 
Group.
    (2) The request for review may contain proposed findings of fact and 
conclusions of law, exceptions to the

[[Page 557]]

MGCRB's decision, and supporting reasons therefor.
    (3) Within 15 days of receipt of the hospital's request for review, 
CMS may submit to the Administrator, in writing, with a copy to the 
party, comments and recommendations concerning the hospital's 
submission.
    (4) Within 10 days of receipt of CMS's submission, the hospital may 
submit in writing, with a copy to CMS, a response to the Administrator.
    (c) Discretionary review by the Administrator. (1) The Administrator 
may, at his or her discretion, review any final decision of the MGCRB.
    (2) The Administrator promptly notifies the hospital that he or she 
has decided to review a decision of the MGCRB. The notice of review 
indicates the particular issues to be considered and includes copies of 
any comments submitted to the Administrator by CMS staff concerning the 
MGCRB decision.
    (3) Within 15 days of the receipt of the Administrator's notice of 
review, the hospital may submit a response in writing to the 
Administrator, with a copy of CMS.
    (d) Criteria for discretionary review. In deciding whether to review 
an MGCRB decision, the Administrator normally considers whether it 
appears that any of the following situations apply:
    (1) The MGCRB made an erroneous interpretation of law, regulation, 
or CMS Ruling.
    (2) The MGCRB's decision is not supported by substantial evidence.
    (3) The case presents a significant policy issue having a basis in 
law and regulations, and review is likely to lead to issuance of a CMS 
Ruling or other directive needed to clarify a provision in the law or 
regulations.
    (4) The decision of the MGCRB requires clarification, amplication, 
or an alternative legal basis.
    (5) The MGCRB has incorrectly extended its authority to a degree not 
provided for by law, regulation, or CMS Ruling.
    (e) Communication procedures. All communications between CMS staff 
and the Administrator concerning the Administrator's review of an MGCRB 
decision must be in writing. As specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of 
this section, copies of comments by CMS staff are sent to applicant 
hospitals within 15 days of receipt of a hospital's request for review, 
or, in cases in which the Administrator decides to review a case at his 
or her discretion, are included with the Administrator's notice of 
review. In the event there are additional communications between CMS 
staff and the Administrator concerning MGCRB decisions reviewed by the 
Administrator under paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section, CMS furnishes 
copies of the communications to the hospital or group of hospitals.
    (f) Administrator's decision. (1) The Administrator may not receive 
or consider any new evidence and must issue a decision based only upon 
the record as it appeared before the MGCRB and comments submitted under 
paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(4), (c)(2), and (c)(3) of this section.
    (2) The Administrator issues a decision in writing to the party with 
a copy to CMS--
    (i) Not later than 90 days following receipt of the party's request 
for review, except the Administrator may, at his or her discretion, for 
good cause shown, toll such 90 days; or
    (ii) Not later than 105 days following issuance of the MGCRB 
decision in the case of review at the discretion of the Administrator.
    (3) The Administrator's decision issued under Sec. 412.278 (a) or 
(c) is the final Departmental decision, unless it is amended under Sec. 
412.278(g). The final Departmental decision is not subject to judicial 
review.
    (4) The Administrator's decision is not subject to judicial review.
    (g) Amendment of Administrator decision--(1) Hospital's request for 
amendment. The hospital may request the Administrator to amend the 
decision for the limited purpose of correcting mathematical or 
computational errors, or to correct the decision if the evidence that 
was considered in making the decision clearly shows on its face that an 
error was made. The following procedure is followed:
    (i) The hospital's request for amendment must be received by the 
Administrator within 10 days after the date the Administrator issues a 
decision. The

[[Page 558]]

request for amendment must be in writing, with a copy to CMS.
    (ii) The Administrator promptly reviews the hospital's request and 
amends the decision, if necessary, within 5 days following receipt of 
the hospital's request for amendment.
    (2) Discretionary review by the Administrator. Within 15 days 
following the issuance of the Administrator's decision, the 
Administrator, at his or her discretion, may amend the decision to 
correct mathematical or computational errors, or to correct the decision 
if the evidence that was considered in making the decision clearly shows 
on its face that an error was made. The Administrator's amended decision 
is final and is not subject to judicial review.

[55 FR 36766, Sept. 6, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 25489, June 4, 1991; 57 
FR 39826, Sept. 1, 1992; 68 FR 45471, Aug. 1, 2003; 70 FR 47487, Aug. 
12, 2005]



Sec. 412.280  Representation.

    (a) General. A party may be represented by legal counsel or by any 
other person appointed to act as its representative at any proceeding 
before the MGCRB or the Administrator.
    (b) Rights of a representative. A representative appointed by a 
party may accept or give on behalf of the party any request or notice 
connected with any proceeding before the MGCRB or the Administrator. A 
representative is entitled to present evidence and argument as to facts 
and law in any MGCRB proceeding affecting the party represented and to 
obtain information to the same extent as the party represented. Notice 
of any action or decision sent to the representative of a party has the 
same effect as if it had been sent to the party itself.



  Subpart M_Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Hospital Capital 
                                  Costs

    Source: 56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991, unless otherwise noted.

                           General Provisions



Sec. 412.300  Scope of subpart and definition.

    (a) Purpose. This subpart implements section 1886(g)(1)(A) of the 
Act by establishing a prospective payment system for inpatient hospital 
capital-related costs. Under this system, payment is made on the basis 
described in Sec. 412.304 through Sec. 412.374 for inpatient hospital 
capital-related costs furnished by hospitals subject to the prospective 
payment system under subpart B of this part.
    (b) Definition. For purposes of this subpart, a new hospital means a 
hospital that has operated (under previous or present ownership) for 
less than 2 years. The following hospitals are not new hospitals:
    (1) A hospital that builds new or replacement facilities at the same 
or another location even if coincidental with a change of ownership, a 
change in management, or a lease arrangement.
    (2) A hospital that closes and subsequently reopens.
    (3) A hospital that has been in operation for more than 2 years but 
has participated in the Medicare program for less than 2 years.
    (4) A hospital that changes its status from a hospital that is 
excluded from the prospective payment systems to a hospital that is 
subject to the capital prospective payment systems.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 39827, Sept. 1, 1992]



Sec. 412.302  Introduction to capital costs.

    (a) New capital costs. New capital costs are allowable Medicare 
inpatient hospital capital-related costs under subpart G of part 413 of 
this chapter that are related to assets that were first put in use for 
patient care after December 31, 1990 (except for such costs deemed to be 
old capital costs based on prior obligations as described in paragraph 
(c) of this section) and those allowable capital-related costs related 
to assets in use prior to December 31, 1990 that are excluded from the 
definition

[[Page 559]]

of old capital costs described in paragraphs (b) (2) through (5) of this 
section, or are betterment or improvement costs related to those old 
capital assets.
    (b) Old capital costs. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this 
section with respect to capital obligations that qualify for recognition 
as old capital, old capital costs are allowable capital-related costs 
for land and depreciable assets that were put in use for patient care on 
or before December 31, 1990. However, for a new hospital as defined in 
Sec. 412.300(b), old capital costs are defined as those allowable 
capital-related costs for land and depreciable assets that were put in 
use for patient care on or before the later of December 31, 1990 or the 
last day of the hospital's base year cost reporting period under Sec. 
412.328(a)(2). Old capital costs include the following:
    (1) Allowable depreciation on assets based on the useful life 
guidelines used to determine depreciation expense in the hospital's base 
period.
    (2) Allowable capital-related interest expense. Except as provided 
below, the amount of allowable capital-related interest expense that 
will be recognized as old capital is limited to the amount the hospital 
was legally obligated to pay as of December 31, 1990. Any allowable 
interest expense in excess of this limitation will be recognized as new 
capital.
    (i) An increase in interest expense is recognized if the increase is 
due to periodic fluctuations of rates in variable interest rate loans or 
at the time of conversion from a variable rate loan to a fixed rate loan 
when no other changes in the terms of the loan are made.
    (ii) If the terms of a debt instrument are revised after December 
31, 1990, the amount of interest that will be recognized as old capital 
during the transition cannot exceed the amount that would have been 
recognized during the same period prior to the revision of the debt 
instrument.
    (iii) If short-term financing was used to acquire old capital assets 
and the debt is extended or ``rolled-over'', a portion of the extended 
debt will be recognized as old capital. The portion will equal the ratio 
of the net book value as of the beginning of the applicable cost 
reporting period for depreciable assets that were in use in the base 
year, to the net book value as of the beginning of the base year cost 
reporting period for those assets. The net book value for the base year 
will not be adjusted to exclude assets that have been fully depreciated 
or removed from service since the base year. If the debt is related to 
specific assets, the ratio will be determined based on the values for 
those assets. The ratio will exclude assets that were acquired with 
other identifiable debt instruments. For purposes of this paragraph, 
short term financing is a debt that becomes due in no later than the 
earlier of 5 years or half of the average useful life of the assets to 
which the debt is related.
    (iv) If old capital indebtedness is commingled with new capital 
debt, the allowable interest expense will be apportioned to old capital 
costs based on the ratio of the portion of the loan principal related to 
old capital indebtedness to the total loan principal.
    (v) Investment income, excluding income from funded depreciation 
accounts, is used to reduce old capital interest expense based on the 
ratio of total old capital interest expense to total allowable interest 
expense in each cost reporting period.
    (3) Allowable capital-related lease and rental costs for land and 
depreciable assets that were obligated as of December 31, 1990.
    (i) Lease renewals up to the annual lease payment level obligated as 
of December 31, 1990 are recognized provided the same asset remains in 
use, the asset has a useful life of at least 3 years, and the annual 
lease payment is $1,000 or more for each item or service.
    (ii) If a hospital-owned asset is sold or given to another party and 
that same asset is then leased back by the hospital, the amount of 
allowable capital-related costs recognized as old capital costs is 
limited to the amount allowed for that asset in the last cost reporting 
period that it was owned by the hospital.
    (iii) If an entire hospital is leased without assumption of the 
hospital's asset costs after December 31, 1990, the amount of allowable 
capital-related costs recognized as old capital costs is

[[Page 560]]

limited to the amount allowed for old capital costs in the base year or 
the last cost reporting period these costs were recognized under this 
subpart, whichever is later.
    (4) The portion of allowable costs for other capital-related 
expenses (including but not limited to, taxes, insurance, license and 
royalty fees on depreciable assets) resulting from applying the ratio of 
the hospital's gross old asset value to total asset value in each cost 
reporting period.
    (5) The appropriate portion of the capital-related costs of related 
organizations under Sec. 413.17 that would be recognized as old capital 
costs if these costs had been incurred directly by the hospital.
    (6) Obligated capital costs that are recognized as old capital costs 
in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
    (7) If a hospital had nonreimbursable costs applicable to an old 
capital asset as of December 31, 1990 that subsequently become allowable 
inpatient capital-related costs, the allowable costs for such an asset 
that are attributable to inpatient hospital services are recognized as 
old capital costs if a portion of the asset was in use for inpatient 
hospital care on December 31, 1990 and the costs meet all other 
provisions for recognition of old capital costs contained in this 
section.
    (c) Obligated capital costs--(1) General rule. Under the conditions 
described below, capital-related costs attributable to assets that are 
put in use after December 31, 1990 may be recognized as old capital 
costs. Any allowable capital-related costs for these assets that are not 
recognized as old capital costs are recognized as new capital costs.
    (i) Fixed assets. The costs of capital-related items and services 
defined in subpart G of part 413 for which there was a contractual 
obligation entered into by a hospital or related party with an outside, 
unrelated party for the construction, reconstruction, lease, rental, or 
financing of a fixed asset may be recognized as old capital costs if all 
the following conditions are met:
    (A) The obligation must arise from a binding written agreement that 
was executed on or before December 31, 1990 and that obligates the 
hospital on or before December 31, 1990.
    (B) The capital asset must be put in use for patient care before 
October 1, 1994 except as provided in paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this 
section.
    (C) The hospital notifies the intermediary of the existence of 
obligated capital costs as provided in paragraph (c)(1)(v) of this 
section.
    (D) The amount that is recognized as old capital cost is limited to 
the lesser of the actual allowable costs when the asset is put in use or 
the estimated costs of the capital expenditure at the time it was 
obligated as provided in paragraph (c)(1)(vi) of this section.
    (ii) Moveable equipment. Moveable equipment is recognized as old 
capital only if all of the conditions specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) 
(B) through (D) of this section are met and one of the following 
conditions is met:
    (A) There was a binding contractual agreement that was executed on 
or before December 31, 1990 and obligates the hospital on or before 
December 31, 1990 for the lease or purchase of the item of equipment on 
or before December 31, 1990.
    (B) There was a binding contractual agreement that was executed on 
or before December 31, 1990 and obligates the hospital on or before 
December 31, 1990 for financing the acquisition of the equipment; the 
item of equipment costs at least $100,000; and the item was specifically 
listed in an equipment purchase plan approved by the Board of Directors 
on or before December 31, 1990.
    (iii) Agreements not recognized. Agreements for planning, design or 
feasibility that do not commit the hospital to undertake a project are 
not recognized as obligating capital expenditures for purposes of this 
subsection.
    (iv) Extension of deadline. CMS may extend the deadline in paragraph 
(c)(1)(i)(B) of this section, under which an asset must be put in use 
for patient care before October 1, 1994, to no later than September 30, 
1996 for extraordinary circumstances beyond the hospital's control. 
Extraordinary circumstances include, but are not limited to, a 
construction strike or atypically severe weather that significantly 
delayed completion of a construction

[[Page 561]]

project. Normal construction delays do not constitute extraordinary 
circumstances.
    (A) The hospital must submit its request for an extended deadline 
with documentation of the extraordinary circumstances by the later of 
January 1, 1993 or 180 days after the extraordinary circumstance.
    (B) The intermediary reviews the request and verifies the hospital's 
documentation, and forwards the request to CMS within 60 days. Within 90 
days, CMS notifies the intermediary of its decision and, if an extension 
is granted, of the revised deadline for putting the asset in use for 
patient care service.
    (v) The hospital must submit to its intermediary the binding 
agreement and supporting documents that relate to the obligated capital 
expenditure by the later of October 1, 1992, or within 90 days after the 
start of the hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or 
after October 1, 1991. This documentation must include a project 
description (including details of any phased construction or financing) 
and an estimate of costs that were prepared no later than December 31, 
1990.
    (vi) Cost limitation--(A) Leases, Rentals or Purchases. The amount 
of obligated capital costs recognized as old capital costs cannot exceed 
the amount specified in the lease, rental, or purchase agreement. If 
moveable equipment is recognized as old capital under paragraph 
(c)(1)(ii)(B) of this section, the amount recognized as old capital 
costs cannot exceed the estimated cost identified in the equipment 
purchase plan approved by the hospital's Board of Directors.
    (B) Construction contracts. The amount of obligated capital costs 
recognized as old capital costs cannot exceed the estimated construction 
costs for the project as of December 31, 1990. Additional costs will be 
recognized as old capital costs only if the additional costs are 
directly attributable to changes in life safety codes or other building 
requirements established by government ordinance that occurred after the 
project was obligated.
    (C) Financing costs. The amount of obligated interest expense that 
will be recognized as old capital costs cannot exceed the amount for 
which the hospital was legally obligated as of December 31, 1990 or, in 
the case of financing that is arranged after December 31, 1990 for a 
capital acquisition that was legally obligated as of December 31, 1990, 
the amount specified in a detailed financing plan approved by the 
hospital's Board of Directors prior to January 1, 1991.
    (vii) Determining old capital costs. (A) The intermediary determines 
whether the applicable criteria are met for recognition of obligated 
capital costs as old capital costs and the maximum allowable cost that 
will be recognized as old capital costs.
    (B) The intermediary advises the hospital of its determination by 
the later of the end of the hospital's first cost reporting period 
subject to the capital prospective payment system or 9 months after the 
receipt of the hospital's notification under paragraph (c)(1)(v) of this 
section.
    (C) The actual amount that will be recognized as old capital costs 
is based on the lesser of the allowable costs for the asset when it is 
put into patient use or the amounts determined under paragraph 
(c)(1)(vi) of this section.
    (viii) Multi-phase project. If the hospital has a multi-phase 
capital project, the provisions of paragraphs (c)(1) (i) through (vii) 
of this section apply independently to each phase of the project.
    (2) Lengthy certificate-of-need process. (i) If a hospital does not 
meet the criteria under paragraph (c)(1)(i) or paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of 
this section, but meets all of the following criteria, the estimated 
cost for the project as of December 31, 1990 may be recognized as old 
capital costs:
    (A) The hospital is required under State law to obtain preapproval 
of the capital project or acquisition by a designated State or local 
planning authority in the State in which it is located.
    (B) The hospital filed an initial application for a certificate of 
need on or before December 31, 1989 that includes a detailed description 
of the project and its estimated cost and had not received approval or 
disapproval on or before September 30, 1990. If the hospital received 
conditional approval on or before September 30, 1990, the hospital's 
intermediary assesses the nature of the conditions. The hospital

[[Page 562]]

will be considered to have received approval for the project as of 
September 30, 1990 if the intermediary determines that the hospital 
received sufficient approval for the project to proceed without 
significant delay.
    (C) The hospital expended the lesser of $750,000 or 10 percent of 
the estimated cost of the project on or before December 31, 1990; and
    (D) The hospital put the asset into patient use on or before the 
later of September 30, 1996 or 4 years from the date the certificate of 
need was approved.
    (ii) The provisions of paragraphs (c)(1) (iv) through (viii) of this 
section apply to projects that meet the criteria in paragraph (c)(2)(i) 
of this section.
    (3) Construction in process. (i) If a hospital that initiates 
construction on a capital project does not meet the requirements of 
paragraphs (c)(1)(i) or (ii) or (c)(2)(i) of this section, the project 
costs may be recognized as old capital costs if all the following 
conditions are met:
    (A) The hospital received any required certificate of need approval 
on or before December 31, 1990.
    (B) The hospital's Board of Directors formally authorized the 
project with a detailed description of its scope and costs on or before 
December 31, 1990.
    (C) The estimated cost of the project as of December 31, 1990 
exceeds 5 percent of the hospital's total patient revenues during its 
base year.
    (D) The capitalized cost that had been incurred for the project as 
of December 31, 1990 exceeded the lesser of $750,000 or 10 percent of 
the estimated project cost.
    (E) The hospital began actual construction or renovation 
(``groundbreaking'') on or before March 31, 1991.
    (F) The project is completed before October 1, 1994.
    (ii) The provisions of paragraphs (c)(1) (iv) through (viii) of this 
section apply to projects that meet the criteria in paragraph (c)(3)(i) 
of this section.
    (d) Consistency in cost reporting--(1) General rule. For cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1991, and before 
October 1, 2001, the hospital must follow consistent cost finding 
methods for classifying and allocating capital-related costs, except as 
otherwise provided in paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
    (2) Old capital costs. Unless there is a change of ownership, the 
hospital must continue the same cost finding methods for old capital 
costs, including its practices for the direct assignment of capital-
related costs and its cost allocation bases, that were in effect in the 
hospital's last cost reporting period ending on or before October 1, 
1991. If there is a change of ownership, the new owners may request that 
the intermediary approve a change in order to be consistent with their 
established cost finding practices.
    (3) New capital costs. If a hospital desires to change its cost 
finding methods for new capital costs, the request for change must be 
made in writing to the intermediary prior to the beginning of the cost 
reporting period for which the change is to apply. The request must 
include justification as to why the change will result in more accurate 
and more appropriate cost finding. The intermediary will not approve the 
change unless it determines that there is reasonable justification for 
the change.
    (4) Hospitals may elect the simplified cost allocation methodology 
under the terms and conditions provided in the instructions for CMS Form 
2552.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 3016, Jan. 27, 1992; 57 
FR 39827, Sept. 1, 1992; 57 FR 46510, Oct. 9, 1992; 59 FR 45399, Sept. 
1, 1994; 61 FR 46224, Aug. 30, 1996; 61 FR 51217, Oct. 1, 1996]



Sec. 412.304  Implementation of the capital prospective payment system.

    (a) General rule. As described in Sec. Sec. 412.312 through 
412.370, effective with cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1991, CMS pays an amount determined under the capital 
prospective payment system for each inpatient hospital discharge as 
defined in Sec. 412.4. This amount is in addition to the amount payable 
under the prospective payment system for inpatient hospital operating 
costs as determined under subpart D of this part.
    (b) Cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1991 and 
before October 1, 2001. For cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1991 and

[[Page 563]]

before October 1, 2001, the capital payment amount is based on either a 
combination of payments for old capital costs and new capital costs or a 
fully prospective rate, as determined under Sec. 412.324 through Sec. 
412.348.
    (c) Cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2001--
(1) General. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, for 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2001, the 
capital payment amount is based solely on the Federal rate determined 
under Sec. Sec. 412.308(a) and (b) and updated under Sec. 412.308(c).
    (2) Payment to new hospitals. For cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 2002--
    (i) A new hospital, as defined under Sec. 412.300(b), is paid 85 
percent of its allowable Medicare inpatient hospital capital-related 
costs through its cost report ending at least 2 years after the hospital 
accepts its first patient, unless the new hospital elects to be paid 
under the capital prospective payment system based on 100 percent of the 
Federal rate.
    (A) If the new hospital elects to be paid based on 100 percent of 
the Federal rate, the new hospital must submit a written request to the 
fiscal intermediary by the later of December 1, 2002 or 60 days before 
the beginning of its cost reporting period.
    (B) Once a new hospital elects to be paid based on 100 percent of 
the Federal rate, it may not revert to payment at 85 percent of its 
allowable Medicare inpatient hospital capital-related costs.
    (ii) For the third year and subsequent years, the hospital is paid 
based on the Federal rate as described under Sec. 412.312.
    (d) Interim payments. Interim payments are made to the hospital as 
provided in Sec. 412.116.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991, as amended at 67 FR 50113, Aug. 1, 2002; 70 
FR 47487, Aug. 12, 2005]

 Basic Methodology for Determining the Federal Rate for Capital-Related 
                                  Costs



Sec. 412.308  Determining and updating the Federal rate.

    (a) FY 1992 national average cost per discharge. CMS determines the 
FY 1992 estimated national average cost per discharge by updating the 
discharge weighted national average Medicare inpatient hospital capital-
related cost per discharge for FY 1989 by the estimated increase in 
Medicare inpatient hospital capital costs per discharge.
    (b) Standard Federal rate. The standard Federal rate is used to 
determine the Federal rate for each fiscal year in accordance with the 
formula specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (1) CMS determines the standard Federal rate by adjusting the FY 
1992 updated national average cost per discharge by a factor so that 
estimated aggregate payments based on the standard Federal rate adjusted 
by the payment adjustments described in Sec. 412.312(b) equal estimated 
aggregate payments based solely on the national average cost per 
discharge.
    (2) Effective FY 1994, the standard Federal rate used to determine 
the Federal rate each year under paragraph (c) of this section is 
reduced by 7.4 percent.
    (3) Effective FY 1996, the standard Federal rate used to determine 
the Federal rate each year under paragraph (c) of this section is 
reduced by 0.28 percent to account for the effect of the revised policy 
for payment of transfers under Sec. 412.4(d).
    (4) Effective FY 1998, the unadjusted standard Federal capital 
payment rate in effect on September 30, 1997, used to determine the 
Federal rate each year under paragraph (c) of this section is reduced by 
15.68 percent.
    (5) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997 through 
September 30, 2002, the unadjusted standard Federal capital payment rate 
as in effect on September 30, 1997, used to determine the Federal rate 
each year under paragraph (c) of this section is further reduced by 2.1 
percent.
    (6) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2002, the 2.1 
percent reduction provided for under paragraph (b)(5) of this section is 
eliminated from the unadjusted standard Federal rate in effect on 
September 30, 2002, used to determine the Federal rate each year under 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (c) The Federal rate. CMS determines the Federal rate each year by 
adjusting

[[Page 564]]

the standard Federal rate by the following factors.
    (1) Update factor. After FY 1992, CMS updates the standard Federal 
rate as follows:
    (i) FY 1993 through FY 1995. For FY 1993 through FY 1995, the 
standard Federal rate is updated based on a moving two-year average of 
actual increases in capital-related costs per discharge for the period 
three and four years before the fiscal year in question, excluding the 
portion of the increase attributable to changes in case mix.
    (ii) Effective FY 1996. Effective FY 1996, the standard Federal rate 
is updated based on an analytical framework. The framework includes a 
capital input price index, which measures the annual change in the 
prices associated with capital-related costs during the year. CMS 
adjusts the capital input price index rate of change to take into 
account forecast errors, changes in the case mix index, the effect of 
changes to DRG classification and relative weights, and allowable 
changes in the intensity of hospital services.
    (2) Outlier payment adjustment factor. CMS reduces the updated 
standard Federal rate by an adjustment factor equal to the estimated 
additional payments under the Federal rate for outlier cases under 
subpart F of this part, determined as a proportion of total capital 
payments under the Federal rate.
    (3) Exceptions payment adjustment factor. CMS reduces the updated 
standard Federal rate by an adjustment factor equal to the estimated 
additional payments for exceptions under Sec. 412.348 determined as a 
proportion of total payments under the hospital-specific rate and 
Federal rate.
    (4) Budget neutrality adjustment factor. (i) For FY 1992 through FY 
1995, CMS adjusts the updated standard Federal rate by a budget 
neutrality factor determined under Sec. 412.352.
    (ii) CMS makes an adjustment to the Federal rate so that estimated 
aggregate payments for the fiscal year based on the Federal rate after 
any changes resulting from the annual reclassification and recalibration 
of the DRG weight in accordance with Sec. 412.60(e) and in the 
geographic adjustment factors described in Sec. 412.312(b)(2) equal 
estimated aggregate payments based on the Federal rate that would have 
been made without such changes.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3016, Jan. 27, 1992, as amended at 58 
FR 46339, Sept. 1, 1993; 59 FR 45399, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 45849, Sept. 
1, 1995; 62 FR 46031, Aug. 29, 1997; 67 FR 50113, Aug. 1, 2002]



Sec. 412.312  Payment based on the Federal rate.

    (a) General. The payment amount for each discharge based on the 
Federal rate determined under Sec. 412.308(c) is determined under the 
following formula: [Federal ratexDRG weightxGeographic adjustment 
factorxLarge urban add-onx(1+Capital disproportionate share adjustment 
factor + capital indirect medical education adjustment factor)x(for 
hospitals located in Alaska and Hawaii, a cost-of-living adjustment 
factor)]+(Any applicable outlier payment).
    (b) Payment adjustments--(1) DRG weights. The relative resource 
requirements of the discharge are taken into account by applying the DRG 
weighting factor that is assigned to the discharge under Sec. 412.60.
    (2) Geographic adjustment factors--(i) Local cost variation. A 
geographic adjustment factor is applied that takes into account 
geographic variation in costs.
    (ii) Large urban add-on. An additional adjustment is made for 
hospitals located in a large urban area to reflect the higher costs 
incurred by hospitals located in those areas. For purposes of the 
payment adjustment under this paragraph, the definition of large urban 
area set forth at Sec. 412.63(c)(6) continues to be in effect for 
discharges occurring on or after September 30, 2004.
    (iii) Cost-of-living adjustment. An additional adjustment is made 
for hospitals located in Alaska and Hawaii to account for the higher 
cost-of-living in those States.
    (3) Disproportionate share adjustment. For hospitals with at least 
100 beds located in an urban area and serving low-income patients, a 
disproportionate share adjustment factor is applied that reflects the 
higher costs attributable to furnishing services to low income patients.

[[Page 565]]

    (4) Indirect medical education adjustment. An additional adjustment 
is made based on the ratio of residents to the average daily patient 
census of the hospital to account for the indirect costs of medical 
education.
    (c) Additional payment for outlier cases. Payment is made for day 
outlier cases as provided for in Sec. 412.82 and for cost outlier cases 
if both capital-related and operating-related costs exceed the cost 
outlier threshold as provided for in Sec. 412.84.
    (d) Payment for transfer cases. Payment is made for transfer cases 
as provided for in Sec. 412.4.
    (e) Payment for extraordinary circumstances. For cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2001--
    (1) Payment for extraordinary circumstances is made as provided for 
in Sec. 412.348(f).
    (2) Although no longer independently in effect, the minimum payment 
levels established under Sec. 412.348(c) continue to be used in the 
calculation of exception payments for extraordinary circumstances, 
according to the formula in Sec. 412.348(f).
    (3) Although no longer independently in effect, the offsetting 
amounts established under Sec. 412.348(e) continue to be used in the 
calculation of exception payments for extraordinary circumstances. 
However, for cost reporting periods beginning during FY 2005 and 
subsequent fiscal years, the offsetting amounts in Sec. 412.348(e) are 
determined based on the lesser of--
    (i) The preceding 10-year period; or
    (ii) The period of time under which the hospital is subject to the 
prospective payment system for capital-related costs.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991, as amended at 67 FR 50113, Aug. 1, 2002; 69 
FR 49250, Aug. 11, 2004; 69 FR 60252, Oct. 7, 2004]



Sec. 412.316  Geographic adjustment factors.

    (a) Local cost variation. CMS adjusts for local cost variation based 
on the hospital wage index value that is applicable to the hospital 
under subpart D of this part. The adjustment factor equals the hospital 
wage index value applicable to the hospital raised to the .6848 power 
and is applied to 100 percent of the Federal rate.
    (b) Large urban location. CMS provides an additional payment to a 
hospital located in a large urban area equal to 3.0 percent of what 
would otherwise be payable to the hospital based on the Federal rate.
    (1) For discharges occurring on or before September 30, 2004, the 
payment adjustment under this section is based on a hospital's location 
for the purpose of receiving payment under Sec. 412.63(a). The term 
``large urban area'' is defined under Sec. 412.63(c)(6).
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2004, the 
definition of large urban area under Sec. 412.63(c)(6) continues to be 
in effect for purposes of the payment adjustment under this section, 
based on the geographic classification under Sec. 412.64, except as 
provided for in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (3) For purposes of this section, the geographic classifications 
specified under Sec. 412.64 apply, except that, effective for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2006, for an urban hospital 
that is reclassified as rural as set forth in Sec. 412.103, the 
geographic classification is rural.
    (c) Cost-of-living adjustment. CMS provides an additional payment to 
a hospital located in Alaska and Hawaii equal to [0.3152 x (the cost-of-
living adjustment factor used to determine payments under subpart D of 
this part--1)] percent.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991, Aug. 11, 2004, as amended at 69 FR 49250, 
Aug. 11, 2004; 71 FR 48140, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.320  Disproportionate share adjustment factor.

    (a) Criteria for classification. A hospital is classified as a 
``disproportionate share hospital'' for the purposes of capital 
prospective payments if either of the following conditions is met:
    (1) The hospital is located in an urban area, has 100 or more beds 
as determined in accordance with Sec. 412.105(b), and serves low-income 
patients as determined under Sec. 412.106(b).
    (i) For discharges occurring on or before September 30, 2004, the 
payment adjustment under this section is based

[[Page 566]]

on a hospital's location, for the purpose of receiving payment, under 
Sec. 412.63(a).
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2004, the 
payment adjustment under this section is based on the geographic 
classifications specified under Sec. 412.64, except as provided for in 
paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (iii) For purposes of this section, the geographic classifications 
specified under Sec. 412.64 apply, except that, effective for 
discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2006, for an urban hospital 
that is reclassified as rural as set forth in Sec. 412.103, the 
geographic classification is rural.
    (2) The hospital meets the criteria in Sec. 412.106(c)(2).
    (b) Payment adjustment factor. (1) If a hospital meets the criteria 
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for a disproportionate share 
hospital for purposes of capital prospective payments, the 
disproportionate share payment adjustment factor equals [e raised to the 
power of (.2025 x the hospital's disproportionate patient percentage as 
determined under Sec. 412.106(b)(5)), -1], where e is the natural 
antilog of 1.
    (2) If a hospital meets the criteria in Sec. 412.106(c)(2) for 
purposes of hospital inpatient operating prospective payments, the 
disproportionate share adjustment factor is the factor that results from 
deeming the hospital to have the same disproportionate share patient 
percentage that would yield its operating disproportionate share 
adjustment.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3016, Jan. 27, 1992, as amended at 58 
FR 46339, Sept. 1, 1993; 69 FR 49250, Aug. 11, 2004; 71 FR 48140, Aug. 
18, 2006]



Sec. 412.322  Indirect medical education adjustment factor.

    (a) Basic data. CMS determines the following for each hospital:
    (1) The hospital's number of full-time equivalent residents as 
determined under Sec. 412.105(f).
    (2) The hospital's average daily census is determined by dividing 
the total number of inpatient days in the acute inpatient area of the 
hospital by the number of days in the cost reporting period.
    (3) The measurement of teaching activity is the ratio of the 
hospital's full-time equivalent residents to average daily census. This 
ratio cannot exceed 1.5.
    (b) Payment adjustment factor. The indirect teaching adjustment 
factor equals [e (raised to the power of .2822xthe ratio of residents to 
average daily census)-1].

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991, as amended at 63 FR 26357, May 12, 1998; 63 
FR 41004, July 31, 1998]

  Determination of Transition Period Payment Rates for Capital-Related 
                                  Costs



Sec. 412.324  General description.

    (a) Hospitals under Medicare in FY 1991. During the ten-year 
transition period, payments to a hospital with a hospital-specific rate 
below the Federal rate are based on the fully prospective payment 
methodology under Sec. 412.340 or for a hospital with a hospital-
specific rate above the Federal rate, the hold-harmless payment 
methodology under Sec. 412.344.
    (b) New hospitals. (1) A new hospital, as defined under Sec. 
412.300(b), is paid 85 percent of its allowable Medicare inpatient 
hospital capital-related costs through its cost reporting period ending 
at least 2 years after the hospital accepts its first patient.
    (2) For the third year through the remainder of the transition 
period, the hospital is paid based on the fully prospective payment 
methodology or the hold-harmless payment methodology using the base 
period determined under Sec. 412.328(a)(2).
    (3) If the hospital is paid under the hold-harmless methodology 
described in Sec. 412.344, the hold-harmless payment for old capital 
costs described in Sec. 412.344(a)(1) is payable for up to and 
including 8 years and may continue beyond the first cost reporting 
period beginning on or after October 1, 2000.
    (c) Hospitals with 52-53 week fiscal years ending September 25 
through September 29. For purposes of this subpart, a hospital with a 
52-53 week fiscal year period beginning September 26 through September 
30, 1992 is deemed to have

[[Page 567]]

the same beginning date for all cost reporting periods beginning before 
October 1, 2000 (unless the hospital later changes its cost reporting 
period).

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3016, Jan. 27, 1992]



Sec. 412.328  Determining and updating the hospital-specific rate.

    (a) Base-year cost reporting period--(1) Last 12 month cost 
reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1990. For each 
hospital, the intermediary uses the hospital's latest 12-month or longer 
cost reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1990 as the base 
period to determine a hospital's hospital-specific rate.
    (2) New hospitals. The base-year cost reporting period for a new 
hospital is its 12-month cost reporting period (or a combination of cost 
reporting periods covering at least 12 months) that begins at least 1 
year after the hospital accepts its first patient.
    (3) Other hospitals. For other than a new hospital as defined in 
Sec. 412.300(b), if a hospital does not have a 12-month cost reporting 
period or does not have adequate Medicare utilization to file a cost 
report in a period ending on or before December 31, 1990, the hospital-
specific rate is based on the hospital's old capital costs (per 
discharge) in its first 12-month cost reporting period (or combination 
of cost reporting periods covering at least 12 months) ending after 
December 31, 1990.
    (b) Base-year costs per discharge--(1) Base period allowable 
inpatient capital costs per discharge. (i) Determination. The 
intermediary determines the base period allowable inpatient capital 
costs per discharge for the hospital by dividing the hospital's total 
allowable Medicare inpatient hospital capital-related cost in the base 
period by the number of Medicare discharges in the base period.
    (ii) Disposal of assets in the base year. When a depreciable asset 
has been disposed of in the base year, only that portion of the gain or 
loss that is allocated to the base-year cost reporting period is 
reflected in the hospital-specific rate.
    (iii) Disposal of assets subsequent to the base year. If an asset 
for which the Medicare program had recognized depreciation during the 
base year is disposed of subsequent to the base year, the hospital-
specific rate will not be revised to recognize the portion of the gain 
or loss allocated to the base year.
    (2) Discharges. For the purpose of determining a hospital's base 
period capital costs per discharge, a discharge includes discharges as 
defined in Sec. 412.4(a) and transfers as defined in Sec. 412.4(b)(2), 
adjusted by the transfer adjustment factor that is determined under 
paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (3) Transfer adjustment factor. (i) For base year cost reporting 
periods ending on or before December 31, 1990, CMS uses the base year 
MEDPAR data received as of June 30, 1991 to develop an adjustment to 
discharges to account for transfers. CMS divides the length of stay for 
each transfer case by the geometric mean length of stay for the DRG (but 
in no case using a number greater than 1.0) and assigns each nontransfer 
case a value of 1.0. To determine the transfer adjustment factor, CMS 
adds together the adjusted discharges and divides the result by total 
discharges including transfers.
    (ii) For base year cost reporting periods ending after December 31, 
1990 but beginning before October 1, 1991, CMS determines a transfer 
adjustment factor as described in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section 
for a hospital using the applicable base year MEDPAR data on file as of 
the December 31 or June 30 occurring at least 6 months after the close 
of the approved base year.
    (iii) For base year cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1991, the intermediary determines the transfer adjustment 
factor in place of CMS as described in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this 
section based on the most recent billing data available as of the date 
of the final determination of the hospital-specific rate.
    (c) Case-mix adjustment--(1) Determining transfer-adjusted case mix 
value. Step 1: For base year cost reporting periods ending on or before 
December 31, 1990, CMS uses the base year MEDPAR data received as of 
June 30, 1991 to determine the hospital's transfer-adjusted case-mix 
value. For base year cost reporting periods ending after December 31, 
1990 and beginning before October 1, 1991, CMS determines a

[[Page 568]]

transfer-adjusted case-mix value for a hospital using the applicable 
base year MEDPAR data on file as of the December 31 or June 30 occurring 
at least 6 months after the close of the base year. For base year cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1991, the 
intermediary determines the transfer-adjusted case-mix value based on 
the most recent billing data available as of the date of the final 
determination of the hospital-specific rate. CMS or the intermediary, as 
appropriate, multiplies the DRG weight for each case by one of the 
following factors:
    (i) If the case is not a transfer, the factor equals 1.0.
    (ii) If the case is a transfer, the factor equals the lesser of 1.0 
or the ratio of the length of stay for the case divided by the geometric 
mean length of stay for the DRG.

Step 2: The products derived for all cases under Step 1 are added 
together and the result is divided by the adjusted discharges used to 
calculate the transfer adjustment factor determined under paragraph 
(b)(3) of this section.
    (2) Adjusting base period capital costs per discharge by the 
hospital's transfer-adjusted case-mix value. The intermediary divides 
the base period capital costs per discharge for each hospital as 
determined in paragraph (b) of this section by the hospital's transfer-
adjusted case mix value for the cost reporting period determined under 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (d) Updating to FY 1992. The intermediary updates the case-mix 
adjusted base period costs per discharge to FY 1992 based on the 
national average increase in Medicare inpatient capital costs per 
discharge as estimated by CMS, excluding the portion of the increase in 
capital costs per discharge attributable to changes in case mix.
    (e) Hospital-specific rate. The intermediary determines the 
hospital-specific rate each year by adjusting the amount determined 
under paragraph (d) of this section by the following factors:
    (1) Update factor. After FY 1992, the intermediary updates the 
hospital-specific rate in accordance with Sec. 412.308(c)(1).
    (2) Exceptions payment adjustment factor. For FY 1992 through FY 
2001, the intermediary reduces the updated amount determined in 
paragraph (d) of this section by an adjustment factor equal to the 
estimated additional payments for capital-related costs for exceptions 
under Sec. 412.348, determined as a proportion of the total amount of 
payments under the hospital-specific rate and Federal rate.
    (3) Budget neutrality adjustment factor. For FY 1992 through FY 
1995, the intermediary adjusts the updated amount determined in 
paragraph (d) of this section by a budget neutrality adjustment factor 
determined under Sec. 412.352.
    (4) Payment for transfer cases. Effective FY 1996, the intermediary 
reduces the updated amount determined in paragraph (d) of this section 
by 0.28 percent to account for the effect of the revised policy for 
payment of transfers under Sec. 412.4(d).
    (5) Reduction of rate: FY 1998. Effective FY 1998, the unadjusted 
hospital-specific rate as in effect on September 30, 1997 described in 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section is reduced by 15.68 percent.
    (6) Reduction of rate: FY 1998 through FY 2002. For discharges 
occurring on or after October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2002, the 
unadjusted hospital-specific rate in effect on September 30, 1997, 
described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section is further reduced by 2.1 
percent.
    (f) Redetermination of hospital-specific rate--(1) General. (i) Upon 
request by a hospital, the intermediary redetermines the hospital-
specific rate to reflect an increase in old capital costs as determined 
in a cost reporting period subsequent to the base year. An increase in 
Medicare old capital cost per discharge that is related solely to a 
decline in utilization is not recognized as an increase in old capital 
costs for purposes of this section. New capital costs are excluded from 
the redetermination of the hospital-specific rate.
    (ii) The hospital may request redetermination for any cost reporting 
period beginning subsequent to the base period but no later than the 
later of the hospital's cost reporting period beginning in FY 1994 or 
the cost reporting period beginning after obligated capital that is 
recognized as old capital under Sec. 412.302(b) is put in use.

[[Page 569]]

    (iii) The hospital must request a redetermination in writing no 
later than the date the cost report must be filed with the hospital's 
intermediary for the first cost reporting period beginning on or after 
October 1, 1991 or the cost reporting period that will serve as the new 
base period, whichever is later. The hospital's redetermination request 
must include the cost report for the new base period and an estimate of 
the revised hospital-specific rate indicating that the new rate exceeds 
the hospital's current hospital-specific rate.
    (2) Determination of old capital costs. The intermediary determines 
the hospital's old capital costs for the subsequent cost reporting 
period that will serve as the new base period. The intermediary includes 
the costs of obligated capital that are recognized as old capital costs 
under Sec. 412.302(b), excludes the costs of assets disposed of 
subsequent to the initial base year, and reflects changes in allowable 
old capital costs occurring subsequent to the initial base period.
    (3) Redetermined hospital-specific rate. The intermediary 
redetermines the hospital-specific rate based on the old capital costs 
that are determined under paragraph (f)(2) of this section for the new 
base period. The intermediary--
    (i) Divides the hospital's old capital costs for the new base period 
by the number of Medicare discharges in that cost reporting period 
(consistent with paragraph (b) of this section);
    (ii) Divides the old capital costs per discharge by the hospital's 
transfer adjusted case-mix value for the new base period (consistent 
with paragraph (c) of this section);
    (iii) Applies an update factor, if appropriate, to account for 
inflation occurring subsequent to the new base year, an exceptions 
payment adjustment factor, and a budget neutrality adjustment factor 
(consistent with paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section).
    (4) Denial by intermediary. If the intermediary determines, after 
audit, that the revised hospital-specific rate is lower than the current 
hospital-specific rate, it advises the hospital that its request is 
denied and explains the basis for the denial.
    (5) Implementation date. The redetermined hospital-specific rate 
applies to discharges occurring on or after the beginning date of the 
new base period.
    (g) Review and revision of the hospital-specific rate--(1) Interim 
determination. The intermediary makes an interim determination of the 
hospital-specific rate based on the best data available and notifies the 
hospital at least 30 days before the beginning of the hospital's first 
cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1991.
    (2) Final determination. (i) The intermediary makes a final 
determination of the hospital-specific rate based on the final 
settlement of the base period cost report.
    (ii) The final determination of the hospital-specific rate is 
effective retroactively to the beginning of the hospital's first cost 
reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1991 or, in the case 
of a redetermination of the hospital-specific rate under Sec. 
412.328(f), to the beginning of the new base period.
    (iii) The final determination of the hospital-specific rate is 
subject to administrative and judicial review in accordance with subpart 
R of part 405 of this chapter, governing provider reimbursement 
determinations and appeals.
    (iv) The intermediary adjusts the hospital-specific rate to reflect 
any revisions that result from administrative or judicial review of the 
final determination of hospital-specific rate. The revised determination 
is effective retroactively to the same extent as in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) 
of this section.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3016, 3017, Jan. 27, 1992; 57 FR 
39828, Sept. 1, 1992; 60 FR 45849, Sept. 1, 1995; 62 FR 46031, Aug. 29, 
1997]



Sec. 412.331  Determining hospital-specific rates in cases of hospital 
merger, consolidation, or dissolution.

    (a) New hospital merger or consolidation. If, after a new hospital 
accepts its first patient but before the end of its base year, it merges 
with one or more existing hospitals, and two or more separately located 
hospital campuses are maintained, the hospital-specific rate and payment 
determination for the merged entity are determined as follows--

[[Page 570]]

    (1) Post-merger base year payment methodology. The new campus is 
paid based on reasonable costs until the end of its base year. The 
existing campus remains on its previous payment methodology until the 
end of the new campus' base year. Effective with the first cost 
reporting period beginning after the end of the new campus' base year, 
the intermediary determines a hospital-specific rate applicable to the 
new campus in accordance with Sec. 412.328, and then determines a 
revised hospital-specific rate for the merged entity in accordance with 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (2) Revised hospital-specific rate. Using each hospital's base 
period data, the intermediary determines a combined average discharge-
weighted hospital-specific rate.
    (3) Post-base year payment determination. To determine the 
applicable payment methodology under Sec. 412.336 and for payment 
purposes under Sec. 412.340 or Sec. 412.344, the discharge-weighted 
hospital-specific rate determined by the intermediary is compared to the 
Federal rate. The revised payment methodology is effective on the first 
day of the cost reporting period beginning after the end of the new 
campus' base year.
    (b) Hospital merger or consolidation. If, after the base year, two 
or more hospitals merge or consolidate into one hospital as provided for 
under Sec. 413.134(k) of this chapter and the provisions of paragraph 
(a) of this section do not apply, the intermediary determines a revised 
hospital-specific rate applicable to the combined facility under Sec. 
412.328, which is effective beginning with the date of merger or 
consolidation. The following rules apply to the revised hospital-
specific rate and payment determination:
    (1) Revised hospital-specific rate. Using each hospital's base 
period data, the intermediary determines a combined average discharge 
weighted hospital-specific rate.
    (2) Payment determination. The discharge-weighted hospital-specific 
rate determined by the intermediary is compared to the Federal rate to 
establish the appropriate payment methodology under Sec. 412.336 and 
for payment purposes under Sec. Sec. 412.340 or 412.344. The revised 
payment methodology is effective as of the date of merger or 
consolidation.
    (3) Old capital cost determination. The capital-related costs 
related to the assets of each merged or consolidated hospital as of 
December 31, 1990 are recognized as old capital costs during the 
transition period. If the hospital is paid under the hold-harmless 
methodology after merger or consolidation, only that original base year 
old capital is eligible for hold-harmless payments.
    (c) Hospital dissolution. If a hospital separates into two or more 
hospitals that are subject to capital payments under this subpart after 
the base year, the intermediary determines new hospital-specific rates 
for each separate hospital under the provisions of Sec. 412.328 
effective as of the date of the dissolution. The new hospital-specific 
rates are determined as follows:
    (1) Hospital-specific rate--(i) Adequate base year data. The 
intermediary determines whether the base year capital-related cost data 
and necessary statistical records are adequate to reconstruct the cost 
and other data required under Sec. 412.328 from the former hospital's 
financial records to determine the hospital-specific rates for each 
facility. If the data are adequate, the intermediary uses the former 
hospital's base period to determine the hospital-specific rate for each 
separate hospital.
    (ii) Inadequate original base year data. If the intermediary 
determines that the base period data for the former hospital is 
inadequate to establish separate hospital-specific rates, the 
intermediary establishes a new base period for each hospital. The new 
base period is each hospital's first 12-month or longer cost reporting 
period (or combination of cost reporting periods covering at least 12 
months) immediately following separation of the hospitals. The 
intermediary determines the hospital-specific rate for each hospital 
using the new base period under Sec. 412.328.
    (2) Payment determinations. The intermediary applies the payment 
methodology provisions of Sec. 412.336. The revised payment 
determination is effective as of the date of the hospital's dissolution.
    (3) Old capital cost determination. In determining the old capital 
costs for

[[Page 571]]

each hospital, the amount recognized as old capital is limited to the 
allowable capital-related costs attributable to assets that were in use 
for patient care as of December 31, 1990, and the hospitals are subject 
to all other transition period rules of this subpart.

[57 FR 39828, Sept. 1, 1992, as amended at 63 FR 41004, July 31, 1998]



Sec. 412.332  Payment based on the hospital-specific rate.

    The payment amount for each discharge (as defined in Sec. 412.4(a)) 
based on the hospital-specific rate determined under Sec. 412.328 (e) 
or (f) is determined by multiplying the applicable hospital-specific 
rate by the DRG weighting factor applicable to the discharge under Sec. 
412.60 and the applicable hospital-specific rate percentage for the 
pertinent cost reporting period under Sec. 412.340.



Sec. 412.336  Transition period payment methodologies.

    (a) General. For discharges occurring in cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1991 and before October 1, 2001, a 
hospital is paid under one of two payment methodologies described in 
Sec. 412.340 and Sec. 412.344. Except as provided under paragraph (b) 
of this section, a hospital is paid under the same methodology 
throughout the transition period.
    (1) Hospital-specific rate below the Federal rate. A hospital with a 
hospital-specific rate below the Federal rate (after taking into account 
the estimated effect of the payment adjustments and outlier payments) is 
paid under the fully prospective payment methodology as described in 
Sec. 412.340.
    (2) Hospital-specific rate above the Federal rate. A hospital with a 
hospital-specific rate that is above the Federal rate (after taking into 
account the estimated effect of the payment adjustments and outlier 
payments) is paid under the hold-harmless payment methodology as 
described in Sec. 412.344.
    (b) Special rule for revised hospital-specific rate. If a hospital 
with a hospital-specific rate below the Federal rate requests that its 
hospital-specific rate be redetermined, the redetermined hospital-
specific rate is compared to the Federal rate that is applicable to the 
new base period (after taking into account the estimated effect of the 
payment adjustments and outlier payments). If the redetermined hospital-
specific rate is higher than the Federal rate, the hospital is paid 
under the hold-harmless methodology effective with the beginning of the 
new base period and continuing throughout the remainder of the 
transition.
    (c) Interim and final determinations of applicable payment 
methodology--(1) Interim determination. The intermediary makes an 
interim determination of the applicable payment methodology based on the 
best data available and notifies the hospital of its determination at 
least 30 days before the beginning of the hospital's first cost 
reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1991.
    (2) Final determination. (i) The intermediary makes a final 
determination of the applicable payment methodology based on its final 
determination of the hospital's hospital-specific rate. The final 
determination of the applicable payment methodology is effective 
retroactively to the beginning of the hospital's first cost reporting 
period beginning on or after October 1, 1991.
    (ii) If the hospital-specific rate is redetermined in accordance 
with Sec. 412.328(f), the intermediary makes a new determination of the 
applicable payment methodology. The new determination is effective 
retroactively to the beginning of the new base period.
    (iii) If the hospital-specific rate is revised under Sec. 
412.328(g) as a result of administrative or judicial review, the 
intermediary makes a new determination of the applicable payment 
methodology. The new determination is effective retroactively to the 
beginning of the hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or 
after October 1, 1991 or to the beginning of the new base period.
    (d) Special Rule for Redetermination of Hospital Payment 
Methodology. For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1993, the intermediary redetermines the hospital payment methodologies 
to take into account the reduction to the standard Federal rate provided 
in Sec. 412.308(b)(2):
    (1) For a hospital paid under the fully prospective payment 
methodology in the last hospital cost reporting period

[[Page 572]]

beginning before October 1, 1993, the intermediary compares the 
hospital's FY 1994 hospital-specific rate with the hospital's FY 1994 
Federal rate (after taking into account the estimated effect of the 
payment adjustments and outlier payments).
    (i) A hospital with a FY 1994 hospital-specific rate that is above 
the FY 1994 adjusted Federal rate is paid under the hold-harmless 
payment methodology described in Sec. 412.344.
    (ii) Subject to the provisions of Sec. 412.328(f), a hospital with 
a FY 1994 hospital-specific rate that is below the FY 1994 adjusted 
Federal rate continues to be paid under the fully prospective payment 
methodology as described in Sec. 412.340.
    (iii) The intermediary notifies the hospital of the new 
determination of the hospital's payment methodology within 90 days of 
the hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or after October 
1, 1993. The new determination is effective to the beginning of the 
hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 
1993.
    (2) A hospital paid under the hold-harmless payment methodology in 
the last cost reporting period beginning before October 1, 1993, will 
continue to be paid in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 412.344.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3017, Jan. 27, 1992, as amended at 58 
FR 46340, Sept. 1, 1993]



Sec. 412.340  Fully prospective payment methodology.

    A hospital paid under the fully prospective payment methodology 
receives a payment per discharge based on a proportion of the hospital-
specific rate and the Federal rate as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Hospital-
                                                  Federal      specific
 Cost reporting periods beginning on or after:      rate         rate
                                                 percentage   percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 1, 1991...............................           10           90
October 1, 1992...............................           20           80
October 1, 1993...............................           30           70
October 1, 1994...............................           40           60
October 1, 1995...............................           50           50
October 1, 1996...............................           60           40
October 1, 1997...............................           70           30
October 1, 1998...............................           80           20
October 1, 1999...............................           90           10
October 1, 2000...............................          100            0
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec. 412.344  Hold-harmless payment methodology.

    (a) General. A hospital paid under the hold-harmless payment 
methodology receives a payment per discharge based on the higher of:
    (1) 85 percent of reasonable costs for old capital costs (100 
percent for sole community hospitals) plus an amount for new capital 
costs based on a proportion of the Federal rate. The proportion is equal 
to the ratio of the hospital's Medicare inpatient costs for new capital 
to total Medicare inpatient capital costs; or
    (2) 100 percent of the Federal rate.
    (3) Exceptions. (i) A hospital that would receive higher payment 
under paragraph (a)(1) of this section may elect payment based on 100 
percent of the Federal rate under paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (ii) A hospital that does not maintain records that are adequate to 
identify its old capital costs is deemed to have elected payment per 
discharge based on 100 percent of the Federal rate.
    (b) Continued basis of payment. A hospital paid based on 100 percent 
of the Federal rate during the later of its cost reporting period 
beginning in FY 1994 or its first cost reporting period beginning after 
obligated capital that is recognized as old capital under Sec. 
412.302(b) is put in use continues to be paid on that basis in 
subsequent cost reporting periods during the transition period and does 
not receive a reasonable cost payment for old capital costs under 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (c) Basis of determination. The determination under paragraph (a) of 
this section regarding which payment alternative is applicable is made 
without regard to additional payments under the exceptions process under 
Sec. 412.348.
    (d) Interim and final payment determinations. (1) Using the best 
data available, the intermediary makes an interim payment determination 
under paragraph (a) of this section concerning the applicable payment 
alternative, and, in the case of payment under paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section, the payment amounts for old and new capital. The intermediary 
notifies the hospital of its determination at least 30

[[Page 573]]

days before the beginning of the hospital's first cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 1991. The intermediary may revise its 
determination based on additional information submitted by the hospital 
and make appropriate adjustments retroactively.
    (2) The final determination of the amount payable under paragraph 
(a) of this section is based on final settlement of the Medicare cost 
report for the applicable cost reporting period and is effective 
retroactively to the beginning of that cost reporting period. This final 
determination is subject to administrative and judicial review in 
accordance with subpart R of part 405 of this chapter, governing 
provider reimbursement determinations and appeals.

[56 FR 43449, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3017, Jan. 27, 1992]



Sec. 412.348  Exception payments.

    (a) Definitions. As used in this section--
    Annual operating expenses. Annual operating expenses means the sum 
of net expenses for all reimbursable cost centers for a 12 month cost 
reporting period. Annual operating expenses are obtained from the 
Medicare cost report.
    Average age of fixed assets. The average age of fixed assets is the 
ratio of accumulated depreciation for buildings and fixed equipment to 
current depreciation expense for buildings and fixed equipment. The 
average age of fixed assets is determined from information on the 
Medicare cost report.
    Fixed assets. Fixed assets mean buildings and fixed equipment.
    (b) Criterion for additional payment during the transition period. 
An additional payment is made to a hospital paid under either the fully 
prospective payment methodology or the hold-harmless payment methodology 
as determined under paragraph (c) of this section for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 1991 and before October 1, 
2001.
    (c) Minimum payment level by class of hospital. (1) CMS establishes 
a minimum payment level by class of hospital. The minimum payment level 
for a hospital will equal a fixed percentage of the hospital's capital-
related costs. The minimum payment levels may be no greater than the 
percentages of allowable capital-related costs that follow:
    (i) 90 percent for sole community hospitals.
    (ii) 80 percent for hospitals located in an urban area for purposes 
of Sec. 412.63(a) with at least 100 beds, as determined under Sec. 
412.105(b), that have a disproportionate share patient percentage of at 
least 20.2 percent as determined under Sec. 412.106(b), and for 
hospitals located in an urban area for purposes of Sec. 412.63(a) with 
at least 100 beds that qualify for disproportionate share payments under 
Sec. 412.106(c)(2).
    (iii) 70 percent for all other hospitals.
    (2) When it is necessary to adjust the minimum payment levels set by 
class of hospitals specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (g)(6) of this 
section, CMS will adjust those levels for each class of hospitals in one 
percentage point increments as necessary to satisfy the requirement 
specified in paragraph (h) of this section that total estimated payments 
under the exception process not exceed 10 percent of the total estimated 
capital prospective payments (exclusive of hold-harmless payments for 
old capital) for the same fiscal year.
    (d) Additional payments. A hospital is entitled to an additional 
payment if its capital payments for the cost reporting period would 
otherwise be less than the applicable minimum payment level. The 
additional payment equals the difference between the applicable minimum 
payment level and the capital payments that the hospital would otherwise 
receive minus any offset amount determined under paragraph (e)(2) of 
this section.
    (e) Determining a hospital's exception payment amount--(1) 
Cumulative comparison. For each cost reporting period beginning before 
October 1, 2001, the hospital's exception payment is determined by 
comparing the cumulative payments made to the hospital under the capital 
prospective payment system to the cumulative minimum payment levels 
applicable to the hospital for each cost reporting period subject to the 
prospective payment system.
    (2) Offsetting amounts. Any amount by which the hospital's 
cumulative payments exceed its cumulative minimum

[[Page 574]]

payment levels is deducted from the additional payment that would 
otherwise be payable for a cost reporting period.
    (f) Additional payment exception for extraordinary circumstances. 
(1) A hospital may request an additional payment if the hospital incurs 
unanticipated capital expenditures in excess of $5 million (net of 
proceeds from other payment sources such as insurance, litigation 
decisions and other State, local or Federal government funding programs) 
due to extraordinary circumstances beyond the hospital's control. 
Extraordinary circumstances include, but are not limited to, a flood, 
fire, or earthquake.
    (2) A hospital must apply to its CMS Regional Office by the later of 
October 1, 1992 or 180 days after the extraordinary circumstance causing 
the unanticipated expenditures for a determination by CMS of whether the 
hospital is eligible for an additional payment based on the nature of 
the circumstances and the amount of financial loss documented by the 
hospital.
    (3) Except for sole community hospitals, the additional payment is 
based on a minimum payment amount of 85 percent for Medicare's share of 
allowable capital-related costs attributable to the extraordinary 
circumstances. For sole community hospitals, the minimum payment amount 
is 100 percent.
    (4) The minimum payment level applicable under paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section is adjusted to take into account the 85 percent minimum 
payment level (100 percent for sole community hospitals) under paragraph 
(f)(3) of this section for the unanticipated capital-related costs. The 
additional payment for the cost reporting period equals the difference 
between the adjusted minimum payment level and the capital payments the 
hospital would otherwise receive less any offset amount determined under 
paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
    (g) Special exceptions process. For eligible hospitals that meet a 
project need requirement, a project size requirement, and, in the case 
of certain urban hospitals, meet an excess capacity test, an additional 
payment may be made for up to 10 years beyond the end of the capital 
prospective payment system transition period.
    (1) Eligible hospitals. The following classes of hospitals are 
eligible to receive exceptions payments under this special exceptions 
provision:
    (i) Sole community hospitals.
    (ii) Hospitals located in an urban area under Sec. 412.63(a) with 
at least 100 beds, as determined under Sec. 412.105(b), that either 
have a disproportionate share of at least 20.2 percent as determined 
under Sec. 412.106(b) or qualify for disproportionate share payments 
under Sec. 412.106(c)(2).
    (iii) Hospitals with a combined inpatient Medicare and Medicaid 
utilization of at least 70 percent.
    (2) Project need requirement. A hospital must show that it has 
obtained any required approval from a State or local planning authority. 
If a hospital is not required to obtain approval from a planning 
authority, it must satisfy the age of asset test specified in paragraph 
(g)(3) of this section and, in the case of an urban hospital, the excess 
capacity test under paragraph (g)(4) of this section.
    (3) Age of assets test. A hospital must show that its average age of 
fixed assets is at or above the 75th percentile for the hospital's first 
cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1991.
    (4) Excess capacity test for urban hospitals. Urban hospitals that 
are not required to receive approval from a State or local planning 
authority must demonstrate that either--
    (i) The overall average occupancy rate in its metropolitan 
statistical area is at least 80 percent; or
    (ii) After completion of the project, its capacity is no more than 
80 percent of its prior capacity (in terms of bed size).
    (5) Project size requirement. A hospital must complete, during the 
period from the beginning of its first cost reporting period beginning 
on or after October 1, 1991 to the end of its last cost reporting period 
beginning before October 1, 2001, a project whose costs for replacement 
and/or renovation of fixed assets related to patient care are at least:
    (i) $200 million; or

[[Page 575]]

    (ii) 100 percent of its operating cost during the first 12 month 
cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1991.
    (6) Minimum payment level. (i) The minimum payment level for 
qualifying hospitals will be 70 percent.
    (ii) CMS will adjust the minimum payment level in one percentage 
point increments as necessary to satisfy the requirement specified in 
paragraph (h) of this section that total estimated payments under the 
exceptions process not exceed 10 percent of the total estimated capital 
prospective payment system payments for the same fiscal year.
    (7) Limitation on the period for exception payments. A qualifying 
hospital may receive an exceptions payment for up to 10 years from the 
year in which it completes a project for replacement or renovation of 
capital assets that meets project need and project size requirements 
(and, if applicable, excess capacity test), provided that it completes 
the project no later than the end of the hospital's last cost reporting 
period beginning before October 1, 2001. A project is considered to be 
completed when the assets are put into use for patient care.
    (8) Determining a hospital's exception payment amount--(i) 
Cumulative comparison. For each cost reporting period, the hospital's 
exception payment is determined by comparing the cumulative payments 
made to the hospital under the capital prospective payment system to the 
cumulative minimum payment levels applicable to the hospital for each 
cost reporting period subject to the prospective payment system.
    (ii) Offsetting amounts. Offsetting amounts are applied in the 
following order--(A) Any amount by which the hospital's cumulative 
payments exceed its cumulative minimum payment levels is deducted from 
the additional payment that would otherwise be payable for a cost 
reporting period.
    (B) Any amount by which the hospital's current year Medicare 
inpatient operating and capital prospective payment system payments 
(excluding, if applicable, 75 percent of the hospital's operating 
prospective payment system disproportionate share payments) exceed its 
Medicare inpatient operating and capital costs is deducted from the 
additional payment that would otherwise be payable for the cost 
reporting period. For purposes of calculating the offset, the costs and 
payments for services that are not subject to the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system are excluded.
    (9) Notification requirement. Eligible hospitals must submit 
documentation to the intermediary indicating the completion date of a 
project that meets the project need requirement under paragraph (g)(2) 
of this section, the project size requirement under paragraph (g)(5) of 
this section, and, in the case of certain urban hospitals, an excess 
capacity test under paragraph (g)(4) of this section, by the later of 
October 1, 2001 or within 3 months of the end of the hospital's last 
cost reporting period beginning before October 1, 2001, during which a 
qualifying project was completed.
    (h) Limit on exception payments. Total estimated payments under the 
exception process may not exceed 10 percent of the total estimated 
capital prospective payments (exclusive of hold-harmless payments for 
old capital) for the same fiscal year.

[59 FR 45399, Sept. 1, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 46031, Aug. 29. 1997; 
66 FR 39936, Aug. 1, 2001]



Sec. 412.352  Budget neutrality adjustment.

    For FY 1992 through FY 1995, CMS will determine an adjustment to the 
hospital-specific rate and the Federal rate proportionately so that the 
estimated aggregate payments under this subpart for inpatient hospital 
capital costs each fiscal year will equal 90 percent of what CMS 
estimates would have been paid for capital-related costs on a reasonable 
cost basis under Sec. 413.130 of this chapter.

                 Special Rules for Puerto Rico Hospitals



Sec. 412.370  General provisions for hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

    Except as provided in Sec. 412.374, hospitals located in Puerto 
Rico are subject to the rules in this subpart governing the prospective 
payment system

[[Page 576]]

for inpatient hospital capital-related costs.



Sec. 412.374  Payments to hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

    (a) FY 1998 through FY 2004. Payments for capital-related costs to 
hospitals located in Puerto Rico that are paid under the prospective 
payment system are equal to the sum of the following:
    (1) 50 percent of the Puerto Rico capital rate based on data from 
Puerto Rico hospitals only, which is determined in accordance with 
procedures for developing the Federal rate; and
    (2) 50 percent of the Federal rate, as determined under Sec. 
412.308.
    (b) FY 2005 and FYs thereafter. For discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 2004, payments for capital-related costs to hospitals located 
in Puerto Rico that are paid under the prospective payment system are 
equal to the sum of the following:
    (1) 25 percent of the Puerto Rico capital rate based on data from 
Puerto Rico hospitals only, which is determined in accordance with 
procedures for developing the Federal rate; and
    (2) 75 percent of the Federal rate, as determined under Sec. 
412.308.
    (c) Effective for fiscal year 1998, the Puerto Rico capital rate 
described in paragraph (a) of this section in effect on September 30, 
1997, is reduced by 15.68 percent.
    (d) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 1997 through 
September 30, 2002, the Puerto Rico capital rate described in paragraph 
(a) of this section in effect on September 30, 1997 is further reduced 
by 2.1 percent.

[62 FR 46032, Aug. 29, 1997, as amended at 69 FR 49250, Aug. 11, 2004]



Subpart N_Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Hospital Services of 
                    Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities

    Source: 69 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2004, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 412.400  Basis and scope of subpart.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements section 124 of Public Law 106-
113, which provides for the implementation of a per diem-based 
prospective payment system for inpatient hospital services of inpatient 
psychiatric facilities.
    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth the framework for the prospective 
payment system for the inpatient hospital services of inpatient 
psychiatric facilities, including the methodology used for the 
development of the Federal per diem rate, payment adjustments, 
implementation issues, and related rules. Under this system, for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005, payment for the 
operating and capital-related costs of inpatient hospital services 
furnished by inpatient psychiatric facilities to Medicare Part A fee-
for-service beneficiaries is made on the basis of prospectively 
determined payment amount applied on a per diem basis.



Sec. 412.402  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart--
    Comorbidity means all specific patient conditions that are secondary 
to the patient's primary diagnosis and that coexist at the time of 
admission, develop subsequently, or that affect the treatment received 
or the length of stay or both. Diagnoses that relate to an earlier 
episode of care that have no bearing on the current hospital stay are 
excluded.
    Federal per diem base rate means the payment based on the average 
routine operating, ancillary, and capital-related cost of 1 day of 
hospital inpatient services in an inpatient psychiatric facility.
    Federal per diem payment amount means the Federal per diem base rate 
with all applicable adjustments.
    Fixed dollar loss threshold amount means a dollar amount which, when 
added to the Federal payment amount for a case, the estimated costs of a 
case must exceed in order for the case to qualify for an outlier 
payment.
    Inpatient psychiatric facilities means hospitals that meet the 
requirements as specified in Sec. 412.22, Sec. 412.23(a), Sec. 
482.60, Sec. 482.61, and Sec. 482.62, and units that meet the 
requirements as specified in Sec. 412.22, Sec. 412.25, and Sec. 
412.27.
    Interrupted stay means a Medicare inpatient is discharged from an 
inpatient psychiatric facility and is admitted to

[[Page 577]]

any inpatient psychiatric facility within 3 consecutive calendar days 
following discharge. The 3 consecutive calendar days begins with the day 
of discharge from the inpatient psychiatric facility and ends on 
midnight of the third day.
    New graduate medical education program means a medical education 
program that receives initial accreditation by the appropriate 
accrediting body or begins training residents on or after November 15, 
2004.
    Outlier payment means an additional payment beyond the Federal per 
diem payment amount for cases with unusually high costs.
    Principal diagnosis means the condition established after study to 
be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the patient to 
the inpatient psychiatric facility also referred to as primary 
diagnosis. Principal diagnosis is also referred to as primary diagnosis.
    Qualifying emergency department means an emergency department that 
is staffed and equipped to furnish a comprehensive array of emergency 
services and meeting the definitions of a dedicated emergency department 
as specified in Sec. 489.24(b) of this chapter and the definition of 
``provider-based status'' as specified in Sec. 413.65 of this chapter.
    Rural area means for cost reporting periods beginning January 1, 
2005, with respect to discharges occurring during the period covered by 
such cost reports but before July 1, 2006, an area as defined in Sec. 
412.62(f)(1)(iii). For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2006, 
rural area means an area as defined in Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(C).
    Urban area means for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2005, with respect to discharges occurring during the period 
covered by such cost reports but before July 1, 2006, an area as defined 
in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(ii). For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 
2006, urban area means an area as defined in Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) 
and Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(B).

[69 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 19728, Apr. 1, 2005, as amended at 71 
FR 27086, May 9, 2006]



Sec. 412.404  Conditions for payment under the prospective payment system for 
inpatient hospital services of psychiatric facilities.

    (a) General requirements. (1) Effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2005, an inpatient psychiatric facility 
must meet the conditions of this section to receive payment under the 
prospective payment system described in this subpart for inpatient 
hospital services furnished in to Medicare Part A fee-for-service 
beneficiaries.
    (2) If an inpatient psychiatric facility fails to comply fully with 
these conditions, CMS may, as appropriate--
    (i) Withhold (in full or in part) or reduce Medicare payment to the 
inpatient psychiatric facility until the facility provides adequate 
assurances of compliance; or
    (ii) Classify the inpatient psychiatric facility as an inpatient 
hospital that is subject to the conditions of subpart C of this part and 
is paid under the prospective payment system as specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(1).
    (b) Inpatient psychiatric facilities subject to the prospective 
payment system. Subject to the special payment provisions of Sec. 
412.22(c), an inpatient psychiatric facility must meet the general 
criteria set forth in Sec. 412.22. In order to be excluded from the 
hospital inpatient prospective payment system as specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(1), a psychiatric hospital must meet the criteria set forth in 
Sec. 412.23(a), Sec. 482.60, Sec. 482.61, and Sec. 482.62 and 
psychiatric units must meet the criteria set forth in Sec. 412.25 and 
Sec. 412.27.
    (c) Limitations on charges to beneficiaries--(1) Prohibited charges. 
Except as permitted in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, an inpatient 
psychiatric facility may not charge a beneficiary for any services for 
which payment is made by Medicare, even if the facility's cost of 
furnishing services to that beneficiary are greater than the amount the 
facility is paid under the prospective payment system.
    (2) Permitted charges. An inpatient psychiatric facility receiving 
payment under this subpart for a covered hospital stay (that is, a stay 
that included at least one covered day) may charge the Medicare 
beneficiary or other person only the applicable deductible and

[[Page 578]]

coinsurance amounts under Sec. 409.82, Sec. 409.83, and Sec. 409.87 
of this chapter and for items or services as specified under Sec. 
489.20(a) of this chapter.
    (d) Furnishing of inpatient hospital services directly or under 
arrangement. (1) Subject to the provisions of Sec. 412.422, the 
applicable payments made under this subpart are payment in full for all 
inpatient hospital services, as specified in Sec. 409.10 of this 
chapter. Hospital inpatient services do not include the following:
    (i) Physicians' services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
415.102(a) of this chapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (ii) Physician assistant services, as specified in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act.
    (iii) Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
specified in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (iv) Certified nurse midwife services, as specified in section 
1861(gg) of the Act.
    (v) Qualified psychologist services, as specified in section 
1861(ii) of the Act.
    (vi) Services of a certified registered nurse anesthetist, as 
specified in section 1861(bb) of the Act and defined in Sec. 410.69 of 
this subchapter.
    (2) CMS does not pay providers or suppliers other than inpatient 
psychiatric facilities for services furnished to a Medicare beneficiary 
who is an inpatient of the inpatient psychiatric facility, except for 
services described in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(vi) of this 
section
    (3) The inpatient psychiatric facility must furnish all necessary 
covered services to a Medicare beneficiary who is an inpatient of the 
inpatient psychiatric facility, either directly or under arrangements 
(as specified in Sec. 409.3 of this chapter).
    (e) Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. All inpatient 
psychiatric facilities participating in the prospective payment system 
under this subpart must meet the recordkeeping and cost reporting 
requirements as specified in Sec. 412.27(c), Sec. 413.20, Sec. 
413.24, and Sec. 482.61 of this chapter.



Sec. 412.422  Basis of payment.

    (a) Method of Payment. (1) Under the inpatient psychiatric facility 
prospective payment system, inpatient psychiatric facilities receive a 
predetermined Federal per diem base rate for inpatient hospital services 
furnished to Medicare Part A fee-for-service beneficiaries.
    (2) The Federal per diem payment amount is based on the Federal per 
diem base rate plus applicable adjustments as specified in Sec. 
412.424.
    (3) During the transition period, payment is based on a blend of the 
Federal per diem payment amount as specified in Sec. 412.424, and the 
facility-specific payment rate as specified in Sec. 412.426.
    (b) Payment in full. (1) The payment made under this subpart 
represents payment in full (subject to applicable deductibles and 
coinsurance as specified in subpart G of part 409 of this chapter) for 
inpatient operating and capital-related costs associated with furnishing 
Medicare covered services in an inpatient psychiatric facility, but not 
the cost of an approved medical education program as specified in Sec. 
413.75 through Sec. 413.85 of this chapter.
    (2) In addition to the Federal per diem payment amounts, inpatient 
psychiatric facilities receive payment for bad debts of Medicare 
beneficiaries, as specified in Sec. 413.80 of this chapter.

[69 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 19728, Apr. 1, 2005]



Sec. 412.424  Methodology for calculating the Federal per diem payment 
amount.

    (a) Data sources. (1) To calculate the Federal per diem base rate 
(as specified in paragraph (b) of this section for inpatient psychiatric 
facilities, as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, CMS uses the 
following data sources:
    (2) The best Medicare data available to estimate the average 
inpatient operating and capital-related costs per day made as specified 
in part 413 of this chapter.
    (i) Patient and facility cost report data capturing routine and 
ancillary costs.
    (ii) An appropriate wage index to adjust for wage differences.
    (iii) An increase factor to adjust for the most recent estimate of 
increases in the prices of an appropriate market basket of goods and 
services provided by inpatient psychiatric facilities.

[[Page 579]]

    (b) Determining the average per diem cost of inpatient psychiatric 
facilities for FY 2002. CMS determines the average inpatient operating, 
ancillary, and capital-related per diem cost for which payment is made 
to each inpatient psychiatric facility, using the available data 
described in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) Determining the Federal per diem base rate for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006--(1) 
General. Payment under the inpatient psychiatric facility prospective 
payment system is based on a standardized per diem payment referred to 
as the Federal per diem base rate. The Federal per diem base rate is the 
adjusted cost for 1 day of inpatient hospital services in an inpatient 
psychiatric facility in a base year as described in paragraph (b) of 
this section. The adjusted cost per day is adjusted in accordance with 
paragraphs (c)(2) through (c)(5) of this section.
    (2) Update of the average per diem cost. CMS applies the increase 
factor described in paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section to the updated 
average per diem cost to the midpoint of the January 1, 2005 through 
June 30, 2006, under the update methodology described in section 
1886(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act.
    (3) Budget neutrality. (i) CMS adjusts the updated average per diem 
cost so that the aggregate payments in the first 18 months (for January 
1, 2005 through June 30, 2006) under the inpatient psychiatric facility 
prospective payment system are estimated to equal the amount that would 
have been made to the inpatient psychiatric facilities under part 413 of 
this chapter if the inpatient psychiatric facility prospective payment 
system described in this subpart were not implemented.
    (ii) CMS evaluates the accuracy of the budget-neutrality adjustment 
within the first 5 years after implementation of the inpatient 
psychiatric facility prospective payment system. CMS may make a one-time 
prospective adjustment to the Federal per diem base rate to account for 
significant differences between the historical data on cost-based TEFRA 
payments (the basis of the budget-neutrality adjustment at the time of 
implementation) and estimates of TEFRA payments based on actual data 
from the first year of the prospective payment system.
    (4) Outlier payments. CMS determines a reduction factor equal to the 
estimated proportion of outlier payments described in paragraph 
(d)(3)(i) of this section.
    (5) Standardization. CMS determines a reduction factor to reflect 
estimated increases in the Federal per diem base rate as defined in 
Sec. 412.402 resulting from the facility-level and patient-level 
adjustments described in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (6) Computation of the Federal per diem base rate. The Federal per 
diem base rate is computed as follows:
    (i) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005 
and on or before June 30, 2006, the Federal per diem base rate is 
computed in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
    (ii) For inpatient psychiatric facilities beginning on or after July 
1, 2006, the Federal per diem base rate will be the Federal per diem 
base rate for the previous year, updated by an increase factor described 
in paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (d) Determining the Federal per diem payment amount. The Federal per 
diem payment amount is the product of the Federal per diem base rate 
established under paragraph (c) of this section, the facility-level 
adjustments applicable to the inpatient psychiatric facility, patient-
level adjustments and other policy adjustments applicable to the case.
    (1) Facility-level adjustments. (i) Adjustment for wages. CMS 
adjusts the labor portion of the Federal per diem base rate to account 
for geographic differences in the area wage levels using an appropriate 
wage index. The application of the wage index is made on the basis of 
the location of the inpatient psychiatric facility in an urban or rural 
area as defined in Sec. 412.402.
    (ii) Rural location. CMS adjusts the Federal per diem base rate for 
inpatient psychiatric facilities located in a rural area as defined in 
Sec. 412.402.
    (iii) Teaching adjustment. CMS adjusts the Federal per diem base 
rate by a factor to account for indirect teaching costs.
    (A) An inpatient psychiatric facility's teaching adjustment is based 
on the ratio of the number of full-time

[[Page 580]]

equivalent residents training in the inpatient psychiatric facility 
divided by the facility's average daily census.
    (B) Residents with less than full-time status and residents rotating 
through the inpatient psychiatric facility for less than a full year 
will be counted in proportion to the time they spend in the inpatient 
psychiatric facility.
    (C) Except as described in paragraph (d)(1)(iii)(D) of this section, 
the actual number of current year full-time equivalent residents used in 
calculating the teaching adjustment is limited to the number of full-
time equivalent residents in the inpatient psychiatric facility's most 
recently filed cost report filed with its fiscal intermediary before 
November 15, 2004 (base year).
    (D) If the inpatient psychiatric facility first begins training 
residents in a new approved graduate medical education program after 
November 15, 2004, the number of full-time equivalent residents 
determined under paragraph (d)(1)(iii)(C) of this section may be 
adjusted using the method described in Sec. 413.79(e)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this chapter.
    (E) The teaching adjustment is made on a claim basis as an interim 
payment, and the final payment in full for the claim is made during the 
final settlement of the cost report.
    (iv) Inpatient psychiatric facilities located in Alaska and Hawaii. 
CMS adjusts the non-labor portion of the Federal per diem base rate to 
reflect the higher cost of living of inpatient psychiatric facilities 
located in Alaska and Hawaii.
    (v) Adjustment for IPF with qualifying emergency departments. (A) 
CMS adjusts the Federal per diem base rate to account for the costs 
associated with maintaining a qualifying emergency department. A 
qualifying emergency department is staffed and equipped to furnish a 
comprehensive array of emergency services (medical and psychiatric) and 
meets the requirements of Sec. 489.24(b) and Sec. 413.65 of this 
chapter.
    (B) Where the inpatient psychiatric facility is part of an acute 
care hospital that has a qualifying emergency department as described in 
paragraph (d)(1)(v)(A) of this section and an individual patient is 
discharged to the inpatient psychiatric facility from that acute care 
hospital, CMS would not apply the emergency adjustment.
    (2) Patient-level adjustments. The inpatient psychiatric facility 
must identify a principal psychiatric diagnosis as specified in Sec. 
412.27(a) for each patient. CMS adjusts the Federal per diem base rate 
by a factor to account for the diagnosis-related group assignment 
associated with the principal diagnosis, as specified by CMS.
    (i) Age. CMS adjusts the Federal per diem base rate to account for 
patient age based on age groupings specified by CMS.
    (ii) Diagnosis-related group assignment. The inpatient psychiatric 
facility must identify a principal diagnosis as specified in Sec. 
412.27(a) for each patient. CMS adjusts the Federal per diem base rate 
by a factor to account for the CMS inpatient psychiatric facility 
prospective payment system recognized diagnosis-related group assignment 
associated with each patient's principal diagnosis.
    (iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) Comorbidities. CMS adjusts the Federal per diem base rate by a 
factor to account for certain comorbidities as specified by CMS.
    (v) Variable per diem adjustments. CMS adjusts the Federal per diem 
base rate by factors as specified by CMS to account for the cost of each 
day of inpatient psychiatric care relative to the cost of the median 
length of stay.
    (3) Other adjustments. (i) Outlier payments. CMS provides an outlier 
payment if an inpatient psychiatric facility's estimated total cost for 
a case exceeds a fixed dollar loss threshold amount for an inpatient 
psychiatric facility as defined in Sec. 412.402 plus the Federal 
payment amount for the case.
    (A) The fixed dollar loss threshold amount is adjusted for the 
inpatient psychiatric facility's adjustments for wage area, teaching, 
rural locations, and cost of living adjustment for facilities located in 
Alaska and Hawaii.
    (B) The outlier payment equals a percentage of the difference 
between the IPF's estimated cost for the case and the adjusted threshold 
amount specified by CMS for each day of the inpatient stay.
    (C) For discharges occurring in cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after January 1, 2005, outlier payments are

[[Page 581]]

subject to the adjustments specified at Sec. 412.84(i) and Sec. 
412.84(m) of this part, except that national urban and rural median 
cost-to-charge ratios would be used instead of statewide average cost-
to-charge ratios.
    (ii) Stop-loss payments. CMS will provide additional payments during 
the transition period, specified in Sec. 412.426(a)(1) through (3), to 
an inpatient psychiatric facility to ensure that aggregate payments 
under the prospective payment system are at least 70 percent of the 
amount the inpatient psychiatric facility would have received under 
reasonable cost reimbursement had the prospective payment system not 
been implemented.
    (iii) Special payment provision for interrupted stays. If a patient 
is discharged from an inpatient psychiatric facility and is admitted to 
the same or another inpatient psychiatric facility within 3 consecutive 
calendar days following the discharge, the case is considered to be 
continuous for the purposes listed below. The 3 consecutive calendar 
days begins with the day of discharge from the inpatient psychiatric 
facility and ends on midnight of day 3.
    (A) Determining the appropriate variable per diem adjustment, as 
specified in paragraph (d)(2)(v) of this section, applicable to the 
case.
    (B) Determining whether the total cost for a case meets the criteria 
for outlier payments, as specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(C) of this 
section.
    (iv) Payment for electroconvulsive therapy treatments. CMS provides 
an additional payment to reflect the cost of electroconvulsive therapy 
treatments received by a patient during an inpatient psychiatric 
facility stay in a manner specified by CMS.

[69 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 16729, Apr. 1, 2005, as amended at 71 
FR 27086, May 9, 2006]



Sec. 412.426  Transition period.

    (a) Duration of transition period and composition of the blended 
transition payment. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, 
for cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005 through 
January 1, 2008, an inpatient psychiatric facility receives a payment 
comprised of a blend of the estimated Federal per diem payment amount, 
as specified in Sec. 412.424(d) and a facility-specific payment as 
specified under paragraph (b).
    (1) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005 
and on or before January 1, 2006, payment is based on 75 percent of the 
facility-specific payment and 25 percent is based on the Federal per 
diem payment amount.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2006 
and on or before January 1, 2007, payment is based on 50 percent of the 
facility-specific payment and 50 percent is based on the Federal per 
diem payment amount.
    (3) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2007 
and on or before January 1, 2008, payment is based on 25 percent of the 
facility-specific payment and 75 percent is based on the Federal per 
diem payment amount.
    (4) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 2008, 
payment is based entirely on the Federal per diem payment amount.
    (b) Calculation of the facility-specific payment. The facility-
specific payment is equal to the estimated payment for each cost 
reporting period in the transition period that would have been made 
without regard to this subpart. The facility's Medicare fiscal 
intermediary calculates the facility-specific payment for inpatient 
operating costs and capital costs in accordance with part 413 of this 
chapter.
    (c) Treatment of new inpatient psychiatric facilities. New inpatient 
psychiatric facilities, are facilities that under present or previous 
ownership or both have their first cost reporting period as an IPF 
beginning on or after January 1, 2005. New IPFs are paid based on 100 
percent of the Federal per diem payment amount.

[69 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 16729, Apr. 1, 2005, as amended at 71 
FR 27087, May 9, 2006]

[[Page 582]]



Sec. 412.428  Publication of Updates to the inpatient psychiatric facility 
prospective payment system.

    CMS will publish annually in the Federal Register information 
pertaining to updates to the inpatient psychiatric facility prospective 
payment system. This information includes:
    (a) A description of the methodology and data used to calculate the 
updated Federal per diem base payment amount.
    (b)(1) For discharges occurring on or after January 1, 2005 but 
before July 1, 2006, the rate of increase factor, described in Sec. 
412.424(a)(2)(iii), for the Federal portion of the inpatient psychiatric 
facility's payment is based on the excluded hospital with capital market 
basket under the update methodology described in section 
1886(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act for each year.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2006, the rate of 
increase factor for the Federal portion of the inpatient psychiatric 
facility's payment is based on the Rehabilitation, Psychiatric, and 
Long-Term Care (RPL) market basket.
    (3) For discharges occurring on or after January 1, 2005 but before 
October 1, 2005, the rate of increase factor, described in Sec. 
412.424(a)(2)(iii), for the reasonable cost portion of the inpatient 
psychiatric facility's payment is based on the 1997-based excluded 
hospital market basket under the updated methodology described in 
section 1886(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act for each year.
    (4) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2005, the rate 
of increase factor for the reasonable cost portion of the inpatient 
psychiatric facility's payment is based on the 2002-based excluded 
hospital market basket.
    (c) The best available hospital wage index and information regarding 
whether an adjustment to the Federal per diem base rate is needed to 
maintain budget neutrality.
    (d) Updates to the fixed dollar loss threshold amount in order to 
maintain the appropriate outlier percentage.
    (e) Describe the ICD-9-CM coding changes and DRG classification 
changes discussed in the annual update to the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system regulations.
    (f) Update the electroconvulsive therapy adjustment by a factor 
specified by CMS.
    (g) Update the national urban and rural cost to charge ratio median 
and ceilings. CMS will apply the national cost to charge ratio to--
    (1) New inpatient psychiatric facilities that have not submitted 
their first Medicare cost report.
    (2) Inpatient psychiatric facilities whose operating or capital cost 
to charge ratio is in excess of 3 standard deviations above the 
corresponding national geometric mean.
    (3) Other inpatient psychiatric facilities for which the fiscal 
intermediary obtains inaccurate or incomplete data with which to 
calculate either an operating or capital cost to charge ratio or both.
    (h) Update the cost of living adjustment factor if appropriate.

[69 FR 66977, Nov. 15, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 27087, May 9, 2006]



Sec. 412.432  Method of payment under the inpatient psychiatric facility 
prospective payment system.

    (a) General rule. Subject to the exceptions in paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section, an inpatient psychiatric facility receives payment 
under this subpart for inpatient operating cost and capital-related 
costs for each inpatient stay following submission of a bill.
    (b) Periodic interim payments (PIP). (1) Criteria for receiving PIP.
    (i) An inpatient psychiatric facility receiving payment under this 
subpart may receive PIP for Part A services under the PIP method subject 
to the provisions of Sec. 413.64(h) of this chapter.
    (ii) To be approved for PIP, the inpatient psychiatric facility must 
meet the qualifying requirements in Sec. 413.64(h)(3) of this chapter.
    (iii) A hospital that is receiving periodic interim payments also 
receives payment under this subpart for applicable services furnished by 
its excluded psychiatric unit.
    (iv) As provided in Sec. 413.64(h)(5) of this chapter, intermediary 
approval is conditioned upon the intermediary's best judgment as to 
whether payment can be made under the PIP method without

[[Page 583]]

undue risk of resulting in an overpayment to the provider.
    (2) Frequency of payment. For facilities approved for PIP, the 
intermediary estimates the annual inpatient psychiatric facility's 
Federal per diem prospective payments, net of estimated beneficiary 
deductibles and coinsurance, and makes biweekly payments equal to \1/26\ 
of the total estimated amount of payment for the year. If the inpatient 
psychiatric facility has payment experience under the prospective 
payment system, the intermediary estimates PIP based on that payment 
experience, adjusted for projected changes supported by substantiated 
information for the current year. Each payment is made 2 weeks after the 
end of a biweekly period of service as specified in Sec. 413.64(h)(6) 
of this chapter. The interim payments are reviewed at least twice during 
the reporting period and adjusted if necessary. Fewer reviews may be 
necessary if an inpatient psychiatric facility receives interim payments 
for less than a full reporting period. These payments are subject to 
final settlement.
    (3) Termination of PIP. (i) Request by the inpatient psychiatric 
facility. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this 
section, an inpatient psychiatric facility receiving PIP may convert to 
receiving prospective payments on a non-PIP basis at any time.
    (ii) Removal by the intermediary. An intermediary terminates PIP if 
the inpatient psychiatric facility no longer meets the requirements of 
Sec. 413.64(h) of this chapter.
    (c) Interim payments for Medicare bad debts and for costs of an 
approved education program and other costs paid outside the prospective 
payment system. For Medicare bad debts and for costs of an approved 
education program and other costs paid outside the prospective payment 
system, the intermediary determines the interim payments by estimating 
the reimbursable amount for the year based on the previous year's 
experience, adjusted for projected changes supported by substantiated 
information for the current year, and makes biweekly payments equal to 
1/26 of the total estimated amount. Each payment is made 2 weeks after 
the end of the biweekly period of service as specified in Sec. 
413.64(h)(6) of this chapter. The interim payments are reviewed at least 
twice during the reporting period and adjusted if necessary. Fewer 
reviews may be necessary if an inpatient psychiatric facility receives 
interim payments for less than a full reporting period. These payments 
are subject to final cost settlement.
    (d) Outlier payments. Additional payments for outliers are not made 
on an interim basis. Outlier payments are made based on the submission 
of a discharge bill and represents final payment subject to the cost 
report settlement specified in Sec. 412.84(i) and Sec. 412.84(m).
    (e) Accelerated payments--(1) General rule. Upon request, an 
accelerated payment may be made to an inpatient psychiatric facility 
that is receiving payment under this subpart and is not receiving PIP 
under paragraph (b) of this section if the inpatient psychiatric 
facility is experiencing financial difficulties because of the 
following:
    (i) There is a delay by the intermediary in making payment to the 
inpatient psychiatric facility.
    (ii) Due to an exceptional situation, there is a temporary delay in 
the inpatient psychiatric facility's preparation and submittal of bills 
to the intermediary beyond the normal billing cycle.
    (2) Approval of accelerated payment. An inpatient psychiatric 
facility's request for an accelerated payment must be approved by the 
intermediary and CMS.
    (3) Amount of accelerated payment. The amount of the accelerated 
payment is computed as a percent of the net payment for unbilled or 
unpaid covered services.
    (4) Recovery of accelerated payment. Recovery of the accelerated 
payment is made by recoupment as inpatient psychiatric facility bills 
are processed or by direct payment by the inpatient psychiatric 
facility.



    Subpart O_Prospective Payment System for Long-Term Care Hospitals

    Source: 67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, unless otherwise noted.

[[Page 584]]



Sec. 412.500  Basis and scope of subpart.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements section 123 of Public Law 106-
113, which provides for the implementation of a prospective payment 
system for long-term care hospitals described in section 
1886(d)(1)(B)(iv) of the Act. This subpart also reflects the provisions 
of section 307 of Public Law 106-554, which state that the Secretary 
shall examine and may provide for appropriate adjustments to that 
system, including adjustments to DRG weights, area wage adjustments, 
geographic reclassification, outliers, updates, and disproportionate 
share adjustments consistent with section 1886(d)(5)(F) of the Act.
    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth the framework for the prospective 
payment system for long-term care hospitals, including the methodology 
used for the development of payment rates and associated adjustments and 
related rules. Under this system, for cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 2002, payment for the operating and capital-
related costs of inpatient hospital services furnished by long-term care 
hospitals is made on the basis of prospectively determined rates and 
applied on a per discharge basis.



Sec. 412.503  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart--
    CMS stands for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
    Discharge. A Medicare patient in a long-term care hospital is 
considered discharged when--
    (1) For purposes of the long-term care hospital qualification 
calculation, as described in Sec. 412.23(e)(3), the patient is formally 
released;
    (2) For purposes of payment, as described in Sec. 412.521(b), the 
patient stops receiving Medicare-covered long-term care services; or
    (3) The patient dies in the long-term care facility.
    Long-term care hospital prospective payment system rate year means 
the 12-month period of July 1 through June 30.
    LTC-DRG stands for the diagnosis-related group used to classify 
patient discharges from a long-term care hospital based on clinical 
characteristics and average resource use, for prospective payment 
purposes.
    Outlier payment means an additional payment beyond the standard 
Federal prospective payment for cases with unusually high costs.
    QIO (formerly PRO or Peer Review Organization) stands for the 
Quality Improvement Organization.



Sec. 412.505  Conditions for payment under the prospective payment system for 
long-term care hospitals.

    (a) Long-term care hospitals subject to the prospective payment 
system. To be eligible to receive payment under the prospective payment 
system specified in this subpart, a long-term care hospital must meet 
the criteria to be classified as a long-term care hospital set forth in 
Sec. 412.23(e) for exclusion from the acute care hospital inpatient 
prospective payment systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1). This 
condition is subject to the special payment provisions of Sec. 
412.22(c), the provisions on change in hospital status of Sec. 
412.22(d), the provisions related to hospitals-within-hospitals under 
Sec. 412.22(e), and the provisions related to satellite facilities 
under Sec. 412.22(h).
    (b) General requirements. (1) Effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 2002, a long-term care hospital must 
meet the conditions for payment of this section, Sec. 412.22(e)(3) and 
(h)(6), if applicable, and Sec. 412.507 through Sec. 412.511 to 
receive payment under the prospective payment system described in this 
subpart for inpatient hospital services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries.
    (2) If a long-term care hospital fails to comply fully with these 
conditions for payment with respect to inpatient hospital services 
furnished to one or more Medicare beneficiaries, CMS may withhold (in 
full or in part) or reduce Medicare payment to the hospital.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 71 FR 48140, Aug. 19, 2006]



Sec. 412.507  Limitation on charges to beneficiaries.

    (a) Prohibited charges. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this 
section, a long-term care hospital may not charge a beneficiary for any 
covered services for which payment is made by

[[Page 585]]

Medicare, even if the hospital's costs of furnishing services to that 
beneficiary are greater than the amount the hospital is paid under the 
prospective payment system. If Medicare has paid the full LTC-DRG 
payment, that payment applies to the hospital's costs for services 
furnished until the high-cost outlier threshold is met. If Medicare pays 
less than the full LTC-DRG payment, that payment only applies to the 
hospital's costs for those costs or days used to calculate the Medicare 
payment.
    (b) Permitted charges. (1) A long-term care hospital that receives a 
full LTC-DRG payment under this subpart for covered days in a hospital 
stay may charge the Medicare beneficiary only for the applicable 
deductible and coinsurance amounts under Sec. Sec. 409.82, 409.83, and 
409.87 of this subchapter, and for items and services as specified under 
Sec. 489.20(a) of this chapter.
    (2) A long-term care hospital that receives less than the full LTC-
DRG payment for a short-stay case, in accordance with Sec. 412.529, may 
only charge the Medicare beneficiary for the applicable deductible and 
coinsurance under Sec. Sec. 409.82, 409.83, and 409.87 of this 
subchapter, for items and services as specified under Sec. 489.20(a) of 
this chapter, and for services provided during the stay that were not 
the basis for the short-stay payment.



Sec. 412.508  Medical review requirements.

    (a) Admission and quality review. A long-term care hospital must 
have an agreement with a QIO to have the QIO review, on an ongoing 
basis, the following:
    (1) The medical necessity, reasonableness, and appropriateness of 
hospital admissions and discharges.
    (2) The medical necessity, reasonableness, and appropriateness of 
inpatient hospital care for which additional payment is sought under the 
outlier provisions of Sec. Sec. 412.523(d)(1) and 412.525(a).
    (3) The validity of the hospital's diagnostic and procedural 
information.
    (4) The completeness, adequacy, and quality of the services 
furnished in the hospital.
    (5) Other medical or other practices with respect to beneficiaries 
or billing for services furnished to beneficiaries.
    (b) Physician acknowledgement. Payment under the long-term care 
hospital prospective payment system is based in part on each patient's 
principal and secondary diagnoses and major procedures performed, as 
evidenced by the physician's entries in the patient's medical record. 
The hospital must assure that physicians complete an acknowledgement 
statement to this effect in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) 
of this section.
    (1) Content of physician acknowledgement statement. When a claim is 
submitted, the hospital must have on file a signed and dated 
acknowledgement from the attending physician that the physician has 
received the following notice:

    Notice to Physicians: Medicare payment to hospitals is based in part 
on each patient's principal and secondary diagnoses and the major 
procedures performed on the patient, as attested to by the patient's 
attending physician by virtue of his or her signature in the medical 
record. Anyone who misrepresents, falsifies, or conceals essential 
information required for payment of Federal funds, may be subject to 
fine, imprisonment, or civil penalty under applicable Federal laws.

    (2) Completion of acknowledgement. The acknowledgement must be 
completed by the physician at the time that the physician is granted 
admitting privileges at the hospital, or before or at the time the 
physician admits his or her first patient. Existing acknowledgements 
signed by physicians already on staff remain in effect as long as the 
physician has admitting privileges at the hospital.
    (c) Denial of payment as a result of admissions and quality review. 
(1) If CMS determines, on the basis of information supplied by a QIO, 
that a hospital has misrepresented admissions, discharges, or billing 
information, or has taken an action that results in the unnecessary 
admission or unnecessary multiple admissions of an individual entitled 
to benefits under Part A, or other inappropriate medical or other 
practices with respect to beneficiaries or billing for services 
furnished to beneficiaries, CMS may, as appropriate--

[[Page 586]]

    (i) Deny payment (in whole or in part) under Part A with respect to 
inpatient hospital services provided for an unnecessary admission or 
subsequent readmission of an individual; or
    (ii) Require the hospital to take other corrective action necessary 
to prevent or correct the inappropriate practice.
    (2) When payment with respect to admission of an individual patient 
is denied by a QIO under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, and liability 
is not waived in accordance with Sec. Sec. 411.400 through 411.402 of 
this chapter, notice and appeals are provided under procedures 
established by CMS to implement the provisions of section 1155 of the 
Act, Right to Hearing and Judicial Review.
    (3) A determination under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, if it is 
related to a pattern of inappropriate admissions and billing practices 
that has the effect of circumventing the prospective payment system, is 
referred to the Department's Office of Inspector General for handling in 
accordance with Sec. 1001.201 of this title.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 71 FR 48140, Aug. 19, 2006]



Sec. 412.509  Furnishing of inpatient hospital services directly or under 
arrangement.

    (a) Subject to the provisions of Sec. 412.521(b), the applicable 
payments made under this subpart are payment in full for all inpatient 
hospital services, as defined in Sec. 409.10 of this chapter. Inpatient 
hospital services do not include the following:
    (1) Physicians' services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
415.102(a) of this subchapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (2) Physician assistant services, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act.
    (3) Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
defined in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (4) Certified nurse midwife services, as defined in section 1861(gg) 
of the Act.
    (5) Qualified psychologist services, as defined in section 1861(ii) 
of the Act.
    (6) Services of an anesthetist, as defined in Sec. 410.69 of this 
subchapter.
    (b) Medicare does not pay any provider or supplier other than the 
long-term care hospital for services furnished to a Medicare beneficiary 
who is an inpatient of the hospital except for services described in 
paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section.
    (c) The long-term care hospital must furnish all necessary covered 
services to the Medicare beneficiary who is an inpatient of the hospital 
either directly or under arrangements (as defined in Sec. 409.3 of this 
subchapter).



Sec. 412.511  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    A long-term care hospital participating in the prospective payment 
system under this subpart must meet the requirement of Sec. Sec. 
412.22(e)(3) and 412.22(h)(6) to report co-located status, if 
applicable, and the recordkeeping and cost reporting requirements of 
Sec. Sec. 413.20 and 413.24 of this subchapter.

[71 FR 48140, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.513  Patient classification system.

    (a) Classification methodology. CMS classifies specific inpatient 
hospital discharges from long-term care hospitals by long-term care 
diagnosis-related groups (LTC-DRGs) to ensure that each hospital 
discharge is appropriately assigned based on essential data abstracted 
from the inpatient bill for that discharge.
    (b) Assignment of discharges to LTC-DRGs. (1) The classification of 
a particular discharge is based, as appropriate, on the patient's age, 
sex, principal diagnosis (that is, the diagnosis established after study 
to be chiefly responsible for causing the patient's admission to the 
hospital), secondary diagnoses, procedures performed, and the patient's 
discharge status.
    (2) Each discharge from a long-term care hospital is assigned to 
only one LTC-DRG (related, except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section, to the patient's principal diagnosis), regardless of the 
number of conditions treated or services furnished during the patient's 
stay.
    (3) When the discharge data submitted by a hospital show a surgical 
procedure unrelated to a patient's principal diagnosis, the bill is 
returned to the hospital for validation and

[[Page 587]]

reverification. The LTC-DRG classification system provides a LTC-DRG, 
and an appropriate weighting factor, for those cases for which none of 
the surgical procedures performed are related to the principal 
diagnosis.
    (c) Review of LTC-DRG assignment. (1) A hospital has 60 days after 
the date of the notice of the initial assignment of a discharge to a 
LTC-DRG to request a review of that assignment. The hospital may submit 
additional information as a part of its request.
    (2) The intermediary reviews that hospital's request and any 
additional information and decides whether a change in the LTC-DRG 
assignment is appropriate. If the intermediary decides that a different 
LTC-DRG should be assigned, the case will be reviewed by the appropriate 
QIO as specified in Sec. 476.71(c)(2) of this chapter.
    (3) Following the 60-day period described in paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section, the hospital may not submit additional information with 
respect to the DRG assignment or otherwise revise its claim.



Sec. 412.515  LTC-DRG weighting factors.

    For each LTC-DRG, CMS assigns an appropriate weight that reflects 
the estimated relative cost of hospital resources used within that group 
compared to discharges classified within other groups.



Sec. 412.517  Revision of LTC-DRG group classifications and weighting 
factors.

    CMS adjusts the classifications and weighting factors annually to 
reflect changes in--
    (a) Treatment patterns;
    (b) Technology;
    (c) Number of discharges; and
    (d) Other factors affecting the relative use of hospital resources.



Sec. 412.521  Basis of payment.

    (a) Method of payment. (1) Under the prospective payment system, 
long-term care hospitals receive a predetermined payment amount per 
discharge for inpatient services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries.
    (2) The amount of payment under the prospective payment system is 
based on the Federal payment rate established in accordance with Sec. 
412.523, including adjustments described in Sec. 412.525, and, if 
applicable during a transition period, on a blend of the Federal payment 
rate and the cost-based reimbursement rate described in Sec. 412.533.
    (b) Payment in full. (1) The payment made under this subpart 
represents payment in full (subject to applicable deductibles and 
coinsurance described in subpart G of part 409 of this subchapter) for 
covered inpatient operating costs as described in Sec. 412.2(c) and 
capital-related costs described in subpart G of part 413 of this 
subchapter associated with furnishing Medicare covered services in long-
term care hospitals.
    (2) In addition to payment based on prospective payment rates, long-
term care hospitals may receive payments separate from payments under 
the prospective payment system for the following:
    (i) The costs of approved medical education programs described in 
Sec. Sec. 413.75 through 413.83, 413.85, and 413.87 of this subchapter.
    (ii) Bad debts of Medicare beneficiaries, as provided in Sec. 
413.89 of this subchapter.
    (iii) A payment amount per unit for blood clotting factor provided 
to Medicare inpatients who have hemophilia.
    (iv) Anesthesia services furnished by hospital employed nonphysician 
anesthetists or obtained under arrangements, as specified in Sec. 
412.113(c)(2).
    (v) The costs of photocopying and mailing medical records requested 
by a QIO, in accordance with Sec. 476.78(c) of this chapter.
    (c) Payment by workers' compensation, automobile medical, no-fault 
or liability insurance or an employer group health plan primary to 
Medicare. If workers' compensation, automobile medical, no-fault, or 
liability insurance or an employer group health plan that is primary to 
Medicare pays in full or in part, payment is determined in accordance 
with the guidelines specified in Sec. 412.120(b).
    (d) Effect of change of ownership on payments under the prospective 
payment system. When a hospital's ownership changes, as described in 
Sec. 489.18 of this chapter, the following rules apply:

[[Page 588]]

    (1) Payment for the operating and capital-related costs of inpatient 
hospital services for each patient, including outlier payments as 
provided in Sec. 412.525 and payments for hemophilia clotting factor 
costs as provided in paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section, are made to 
the entity that is the legal owner on the date of discharge. Payments 
are not prorated between the buyer and seller.
    (i) The owner on the date of discharge is entitled to submit a bill 
for all inpatient hospital services furnished to a beneficiary 
regardless of when the beneficiary's coverage began or ended during a 
stay, or of how long the stay lasted.
    (ii) Each bill submitted must include all information necessary for 
the intermediary to compute the payment amount, whether or not some of 
that information is attributable to a period during which a different 
party legally owned the hospital.
    (2) Other payments for the direct costs of approved medical 
education programs, bad debts, anesthesia services furnished by hospital 
employed nonphysician anesthetists, and costs of photocopying and 
mailing medical records to the QIO as provided for under paragraphs 
(b)(2)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v) of this section are made to each owner or 
operator of the hospital (buyer and seller) in accordance with the 
principles of reasonable cost reimbursement.
    (e) Special payment provisions for patients in acute care hospitals 
that change classification status to LTCH status during a patient stay. 
(1) If a patient is admitted to an acute care hospital and then the 
acute care hospital meets the criteria at Sec. 412.23(e) to be paid as 
a LTCH during the course of the patient's hospitalization, Medicare 
considers all the days of the patient stay in the facility (days prior 
to and after the designation of LTCH status) to be a single episode of 
LTCH care. Payment for the entire patient stay (days prior to and after 
the designation of LTCH status) will include the day and cost data for 
that patient at both the acute care hospital and the LTCH in determining 
the payment to the LTCH under this subpart. The requirements of this 
paragraph (e)(1) apply only to a patient stay in which a patient is in 
an acute care hospital and that hospital is designated as a LTCH on or 
after October 1, 2004.
    (2) The days of the patient's stay prior to and after the hospital's 
designation as a LTCH as specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section 
are included for purposes of determining the beneficiary's length of 
stay.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 68 FR 34162, June 6, 2003; 69 
FR 49250, Aug. 11, 2004; 70 FR 47487, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 412.523  Methodology for calculating the Federal prospective payment 
rates.

    (a) Data used. To calculate the initial prospective payment rates 
for inpatient hospital services furnished by long-term care hospitals, 
CMS uses--
    (1) The best Medicare data available; and
    (2) A rate of increase factor to adjust for the most recent estimate 
of increases in the prices of an appropriate market basket of goods and 
services included in covered inpatient long-term care hospital services.
    (b) Determining the average costs per discharge for FY 2003. CMS 
determines the average inpatient operating and capital-related costs per 
discharge for which payment is made to each inpatient long-term care 
hospital using the available data under paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section. The cost per discharge is adjusted to FY 2003 by a rate of 
increase factor, described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, under 
the update methodology described in section 1886(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act 
for each year.
    (c) Determining the Federal prospective payment rates. (1) General. 
The Federal prospective payment rates will be established using a 
standard payment amount referred to as the standard Federal rate. The 
standard Federal rate is a standardized payment amount based on average 
costs from a base year that reflects the combined aggregate effects of 
the weighting factors and other adjustments.
    (2) Update the cost per discharge. CMS applies the increase factor 
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section to each

[[Page 589]]

hospital's cost per discharge determined under paragraph (b) of this 
section to compute the cost per discharge for FY 2003. Based on the 
updated cost per discharge, CMS estimates the payments that would have 
been made to each hospital for FY 2003 under Part 413 of this chapter 
without regard to the prospective payment system implemented under this 
subpart.
    (3) Computation of the standard Federal rate. The standard Federal 
rate is computed as follows:
    (i) For FY 2003. Based on the updated costs per discharge and 
estimated payments for FY 2003 determined in paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section, CMS computes a standard Federal rate for FY 2003 that reflects, 
as appropriate, the adjustments described in paragraph (d) of this 
section. The FY 2003 standard Federal rate is effective for discharges 
occurring in cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2002 through June 30, 2003.
    (ii) For long-term care hospital prospective payment system rate 
years beginning on or after July 1, 2003 and ending on or before June 
30, 2006. The standard Federal rate for long-term care hospital 
prospective payment system rate years beginning on or after July 1, 2003 
and ending on or before June 30, 2006 is the standard Federal rate for 
the previous long-term care hospital prospective payment system rate 
year, updated by the increase factor described in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, and adjusted, as appropriate, as described in paragraph 
(d) of this section. For the rate year from July 1, 2003 through June 
30, 2004, the updated and adjusted standard Federal rate is offset by a 
budget neutrality factor to account for updating the FY 2003 standard 
Federal rate on July 1 rather than October 1.
    (iii) For long-term care hospital prospective payment system rate 
year beginning July 1, 2006 and ending June 30, 2007. The standard 
Federal rate for long-term care hospital prospective payment system rate 
year beginning July 1, 2006 and ending June 30, 2007 is the standard 
Federal rate for the previous long-term care hospital prospective 
payment system rate year updated by zero percent. The standard Federal 
rate is adjusted, as appropriate, as described in paragraph (d) of this 
section.
    (4) Determining the Federal prospective payment rate for each LTC-
DRG. The Federal prospective payment rate for each LTC-DRG is the 
product of the weighting factors described in Sec. 412.515 and the 
standard Federal rate described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
    (d) Adjustments to the standard Federal rate. The standard Federal 
rate described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section will be adjusted 
for--
    (1) Outlier payments. CMS adjusts the standard Federal rate by a 
reduction factor of 8 percent, the estimated proportion of outlier 
payments under the long-term care hospital prospective payment system, 
as described in Sec. 412.525(a).
    (2) Budget neutrality. CMS adjusts the Federal prospective payment 
rates for FY 2003 so that aggregate payments under the prospective 
payment system are estimated to equal the amount that would have been 
paid to long-term care hospitals under Part 413 of this subchapter 
without regard to the prospective payment system implemented under this 
subpart, excluding the effects of sections 1886(b)(2) and (b)(3) of the 
Act.
    (3) One-time prospective adjustment. The Secretary reviews payments 
under this prospective payment system and may make a one-time 
prospective adjustment to the long-term care hospital prospective 
payment system rates on or before July 1, 2008, so that the effect of 
any significant difference between actual payments and estimated 
payments for the first year of the long-term care hospital prospective 
payment system is not perpetuated in the prospective payment rates for 
future years.
    (e) Calculation of the adjusted Federal prospective payment. For 
each discharge, a long-term care hospital's Federal prospective payment 
is computed on the basis of the Federal prospective payment rate 
multiplied by the relative weight of the LTC-DRG assigned for that 
discharge. A hospital's Federal prospective payment rate will be 
adjusted, as appropriate, to account

[[Page 590]]

for outliers and other factors as specified in Sec. 412.525.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 68 FR 34162, June 6, 2003; 71 
FR 27899, May 12, 2006]



Sec. 412.525  Adjustments to the Federal prospective payment.

    (a) Adjustments for high-cost outliers. (1) CMS provides for an 
additional payment to a long-term care hospital if its estimated costs 
for a patient exceed the adjusted LTC-DRG payment plus a fixed-loss 
amount. For each long-term care hospital rate year, CMS determines a 
fixed-loss amount that is the maximum loss that a hospital can incur 
under the prospective payment system for a case with unusually high 
costs.
    (2) The fixed-loss amount is determined for the long-term care 
hospital rate year using the LTC-DRG relative weights that are in effect 
on July 1 of the rate year.
    (3) The additional payment equals 80 percent of the difference 
between the estimated cost of the patient's care (determined by 
multiplying the hospital-specific cost-to-charge ratio by the Medicare 
allowable covered charge) and the sum of the adjusted LTCH PPS Federal 
prospective payment and the fixed-loss amount.
    (4)(i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2002 and 
before August 8, 2003, no reconciliations will be made to outlier 
payments upon cost report settlement to account for differences between 
the estimated cost-to-charge ratio and the actual cost-to-charge ratio 
of the case.
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after August 8, 2003, and before 
October 1, 2006, high-cost outlier payments are subject to the 
provisions of Sec. 412.84(i)(1), (i)(3), and (i)(4) and (m) for 
adjustments of cost-to-charge ratios.
    (iii) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2003, and 
before October 1, 2006, high-cost outlier payments are subject to the 
provisions of Sec. 412.84(i)(2) for adjustments to cost-to-charge 
ratios.
    (iv) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2006, high-cost 
outlier payments are subject to the following provisions:
    (A) CMS may specify an alternative to the cost-to-charge ratio 
otherwise applicable under paragraph (a)(4)(iv)(B) of this section. A 
hospital may also request that its fiscal intermediary use a different 
(higher or lower) cost-to-charge ratio based on substantial evidence 
presented by the hospital. A request must be approved by the CMS 
Regional Office.
    (B) The cost-to-charge ratio applied at the time a claim is 
processed is based on either the most recent settled cost report or the 
most recent tentatively settled cost report, whichever is from the 
latest cost reporting period.
    (C) The fiscal intermediary may use a statewide average cost-to-
charge ratio, which CMS establishes annually, if it is unable to 
determine an accurate cost-to-charge ratio for a hospital in one of the 
following circumstances:
    (1) A new hospital that has not yet submitted its first Medicare 
cost report. (For this purpose, a new hospital is defined as an entity 
that has not accepted assignment of an existing hospital's provider 
agreement in accordance with Sec. 489.18 of this chapter.)
    (2) A hospital whose cost-to-charge ratio is in excess of 3 standard 
deviations above the corresponding national geometric mean cost-to-
charge ratio. CMS establishes and publishes this mean annually.
    (3) Any other hospital for which data to calculate a cost-to-charge 
ratio are not available.
    (D) Any reconciliation of outlier payments is based on the cost-to-
charge ratio calculated based on a ratio of costs to charges computed 
from the relevant cost report and charge data determined at the time the 
cost report coinciding with the discharge is settled.
    (E) At the time of any reconciliation under paragraph (a)(4)(iv)(D) 
of this section, outlier payments may be adjusted to account for the 
time value of any underpayments or overpayments. Any adjustment is based 
upon a widely available index to be established in advance by the 
Secretary, and is applied from the midpoint of the cost reporting period 
to the date of reconciliation.
    (b) Adjustments for Alaska and Hawaii. CMS adjusts the Federal 
prospective payment for the effects of a higher cost

[[Page 591]]

of living for hospitals located in Alaska and Hawaii.
    (c) Adjustments for area levels. The labor portion of a long-term 
care hospital's Federal prospective payment is adjusted to account for 
geographical differences in the area wage levels using an appropriate 
wage index (established by CMS), which reflects the relative level of 
hospital wages and wage-related costs in the geographic area (that is, 
urban or rural area as determined in accordance with paragraph (c)(1) or 
(c)(2) of this section) of the hospital compared to the national average 
level of hospital wages and wage-related costs. The appropriate wage 
index (established by CMS) is updated annually.
    (1) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2002, with respect to discharges occurring during the period covered by 
such cost reports but before July 1, 2005, the application of the wage 
index under the long-term care hospital prospective payment system is 
made on the basis of the location of the facility in an urban or rural 
area as defined in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(ii) and (f)(1)(iii), respectively.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2005, the 
application of the wage index under the long-term care hospital 
prospective payment system is made on the basis of the location of the 
facility in an urban or rural area as defined in Sec. 
412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) through (C).
    (d) Special payment provisions. CMS adjusts the Federal prospective 
payment to account for--
    (1) Short-stay outliers, as provided for in Sec. 412.529; and
    (2) A 3-day or less interruption of a stay and a greater than 3-day 
interruption of a stay, as provided for in Sec. 412.531.
    (3) Patients who are transferred to onsite providers and readmitted 
to a long-term care hospital, as provided for in Sec. 412.532.
    (4) Long-term care hospitals-within-hospitals and satellites of 
long-term care hospitals as provided in Sec. 412.534.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 68 FR 34163, June 6, 2003; 68 
FR 34515, June 9, 2003; 69 FR 25721, May 7, 2004; 70 FR 24222, May 6, 
2005; 71 FR 48140, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 412.529  Special payment provision for short-stay outliers.

    (a) Short-stay outlier defined. ``Short-stay outlier'' means a 
discharge with a length of stay in a long-term care hospital that is up 
to and including five-sixths of the geometric average length of stay for 
each LTC-DRG.
    (b) Adjustment to payment. CMS adjusts the hospital's Federal 
prospective payment to account for any case that is determined to be a 
short-stay outlier, as defined in paragraph (a) of this section, under 
the methodology specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (c) Method for determining the payment amount. (1) For discharges 
from long-term care hospitals described under Sec. 412.23(e)(2)(i), 
occurring before July 1, 2006, the LTCH prospective payment system 
adjusted payment amount for a short-stay outlier case is the least of 
the following amounts:
    (i) 120 percent of the LTC-DRG specific per diem amount determined 
under paragraph (d)(1) of this section;
    (ii) 120 percent of the estimated cost of the case determined under 
paragraph (d)(2) of this section; or
    (iii) The Federal prospective payment for the LTC-DRG determined 
under paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2006, from long-
term care hospitals described under Sec. 412.23(e)(2)(i), the LTCH 
prospective payment system adjusted payment amount for a short-stay 
outlier case is the least of the following amounts:
    (i) 120 percent of the LTC-DRG specific per diem amount determined 
under paragraph (d)(1) of this section;
    (ii) 100 percent of the estimated cost of the case determined under 
paragraph (d)(2) of this section;
    (iii) The Federal prospective payment for the LTC-DRG as determined 
under paragraph (d)(3) of this section; or
    (iv) An amount payable under subpart O computed as a blend of an 
amount comparable to the hospital inpatient prospective payment system 
per diem amount determined under paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section and

[[Page 592]]

the 120 percent of the LTC-DRG specific per diem payment amount 
determined under paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (A) The blend percentage applicable to the 120 percent of the LTC-
DRG specific per diem payment amount determined under paragraph (d)(1) 
of this section is determined by dividing the covered length-of-stay of 
the case by the lesser of five-sixths of the geometric average length of 
stay of the LTC-DRG or 25 days, not to exceed 100 percent.
    (B) The blend percentage of the amount determined under paragraph 
(d)(4)(i) of this section is determined by subtracting the percentage 
determined in paragraph (A) from 100 percent.
    (3)(i) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2002, and 
before August 8, 2003, no reconciliations are made to short-stay outlier 
payments upon cost report settlement to account for differences between 
cost-to-charge ratio and the actual cost-to-charge ratio of the case.
    (ii) For discharges occurring on or after August 8, 2003, and before 
October 1, 2006, short-stay outlier payments are subject to the 
provisions of Sec. 412.84(i)(1), (i)(3), and (i)(4) and (m) for 
adjustments of cost-to-charge ratios.
    (iii) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2003, and 
before October 1, 2006, short-stay outlier payments are subject to the 
provisions of Sec. 412.84(i)(2) for adjustments to cost-to-charge 
ratios.
    (iv) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2006, short-
stay outlier payments are subject to the following provisions:
    (A) CMS may specify an alternative to the cost-to-charge ratio 
otherwise applicable under paragraph (c)(3)(iv)(B) of this section. A 
hospital may also request that its fiscal intermediary use a different 
(higher or lower) cost-to-charge ratio based on substantial evidence 
presented by the hospital. This request must be approved by the CMS 
Regional Office.
    (B) The cost-to-charge ratio applied at the time a claim is 
processed is based on either the most recent settled cost report or the 
most recent tentatively settled cost report, whichever is from the 
latest cost reporting period.
    (C) The fiscal intermediary may use a statewide average cost-to-
charge ratio, which CMS establishes annually, if it is unable to 
determine an accurate cost-to-charge ratio for a hospital in one of the 
following circumstances:
    (1) A new hospital that has not yet submitted its first Medicare 
cost report. (For this purpose, a new hospital is defined as an entity 
that has not accepted assignment of an existing hospital's provider 
agreement in accordance with Sec. 489.18 of this chapter.)
    (2) A hospital whose cost-to-charge ratio is in excess of 3 standard 
deviations above the corresponding national geometric mean. CMS 
establishes and publishes this mean annually.
    (3) Any other hospital for which data to calculate a cost-to-charge 
ratio are not available.
    (D) Any reconciliation of outlier payments is based on the cost-to-
charge ratio calculated based on a ratio of costs to charges computed 
from the relevant cost report and charge data determined at the time the 
cost report coinciding with the discharge is settled.
    (E) At the time of any reconciliation under paragraph (c)(3)(iv)(D) 
of this section, outlier payments may be adjusted to account for the 
time value of any underpayments or overpayments. Any adjustment is based 
upon a widely available index to be established in advance by the 
Secretary, and is applied from the midpoint of the cost reporting period 
to the date of reconciliation.
    (d) Calculation of alternative payment amounts. (1) Determining the 
LTC-DRG per diem amount. CMS calculates the LTC-DRG per diem amount for 
short-stay outliers for each LTC-DRG by dividing the product of the 
standard Federal payment rate and the LTC-DRG relative weight by the 
geometric average length of stay of the specific LTC-DRG multiplied by 
the covered days of the stay.
    (2) Determining the estimated cost of a case. To determine the 
estimated cost of a case, CMS multiplies the hospital-specific cost-to-
charge ratio by the Medicare allowable charges for the case.

[[Page 593]]

    (3) Determining the Federal prospective payment for the LTC-DRG. CMS 
calculates the Federal prospective payment for the LTC-DRG by 
multiplying the adjusted standard Federal payment rate by the LTC-DRG 
relative weight.
    (4) Determining the amount comparable to the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system per diem amount. (i) General. Under Subpart 
O, CMS calculates--
    (A) An amount comparable to what would otherwise be paid under the 
hospital inpatient prospective payment system based on the sum of the 
applicable operating inpatient prospective payment system standardized 
amount and the capital inpatient prospective payment system Federal rate 
in effect at the time of the LTCH discharge.
    (B) An amount comparable to the hospital inpatient prospective 
payment system per diem amount for each DRG that is determined by 
dividing the amount that would otherwise be paid under the hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system computed under paragraph (A) of 
this section by the hospital inpatient prospective payment system 
geometric average length of stay of the specific DRG multiplied by the 
covered days of the stay.
    (C) For purposes of the blend amount described in paragraph 
(c)(2)(iv) of this section, the payment amount specified under 
subparagraph (B) of this section may not exceed the full amount 
comparable to what would otherwise be paid under the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system determined under subparagraph (A) of this 
section.
    (ii) Hospital inpatient prospective payment system operating 
standardized amount. The hospital inpatient prospective payment system 
operating standardized amount--
    (A) Is adjusted for the applicable hospital inpatient prospective 
payment system DRG weighting factors.
    (B) Is adjusted for different area wage levels based on the 
geographic classifications set forth at Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) 
through (C) and the applicable hospital inpatient prospective payment 
system labor-related share, using the applicable hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system wage index value for non-reclassified 
hospitals. For LTCHs located in Alaska and Hawaii, this amount is also 
adjusted by the applicable hospital inpatient prospective payment system 
cost of living adjustment factors.
    (C) Includes, where applicable, adjustments for indirect medical 
education costs and the costs of serving a disproportionate share of 
low-income patients.
    (iii) Hospital inpatient prospective payment system capital Federal 
rate. The hospital inpatient prospective payment system capital Federal 
rate--
    (A) Is adjusted for the applicable inpatient prospective payment 
system DRG weighting factors.
    (B) Is adjusted for the applicable geographic adjustment factors, 
including local cost variation based on the geographic classifications 
set forth at Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) through (C) and the applicable 
full hospital inpatient prospective payment system wage index value for 
non-reclassified hospitals and, applicable large urban location cost of 
living adjustment factors for LTCHs in Alaska and Hawaii, if applicable.
    (C) Includes, where applicable, adjustments for indirect medical 
education costs and the costs of serving a disproportionate share of 
low-income patients.
    (e) Short-stay outlier payments to long-term care hospitals 
described under Sec. 412.23(e)(2)(ii).
    (1) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2002, through 
June 30, 2003, the LTCH prospective payment system adjusted payment 
amount for a short-stay outlier case is the least of the following 
amounts:
    (i) 120 percent of the LTC-DRG specific per diem amount determined 
under paragraph (d)(1) of this section;
    (ii) 120 percent of the estimated cost of the case determined under 
paragraph (d)(2) of this section; or
    (iii) The Federal prospective payment for the LTC-DRG determined 
under paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2003, subject to 
the provisions of paragraph (e)(2)(v) of this section, the adjusted 
payment amount for a short-stay outlier is determined under the formulas 
set forth in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section with the 
following substitutions:

[[Page 594]]

    (i) For the first year of the transition period, as specified at 
Sec. 412.533(a)(1), the 120 percent specified for the LTC-DRG specific 
per diem amount and the 120 percent of the cost of the case in the 
formula under paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (e)(1)(ii) of this section are 
substituted with 195 percent.
    (ii) For the second year of the transition period, as specified at 
Sec. 412.533(a)(2), the 120 percent specified for the LTC-DRG specific 
per diem amount and the 120 percent of the cost of the case in the 
formula under paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (e)(1)(ii) of this section are 
substituted with 193 percent.
    (iii) For the third year of the transition period, as specified at 
Sec. 412.533(a)(3), the 120 percent specified for the LTC-DRG specific 
per diem amount and the 120 percent of the cost of the case in the 
formula under paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (e)(1)(ii) of this section are 
substituted with 165 percent.
    (iv) For the fourth year of the transition period, as specified at 
Sec. 412.533(a)(4), the 120 percent specified for the LTC-DRG specific 
per diem amount and 120 percent of the cost of the case in the formula 
under paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (e)(1)(ii) of this section are 
substituted with 136 percent.
    (v) For discharges occurring in cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after October 1, 2006 (beginning with the fifth year of the 
transition period), as specified at Sec. 412.533(a)(5), short-stay 
outlier payments are made based on the least of the following amounts:
    (A) 120 percent of the LTC-DRG specific per diem amount determined 
under paragraph (d)(1) of this section;
    (B) 120 percent of the estimated cost of the case determined under 
paragraph (d)(2) of this section; or
    (C) The Federal prospective payment for the LTC-DRG determined under 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 68 FR 34163, June 6, 2003; 68 
FR 34515, June 9, 2003; 71 FR 27899, May 12, 2006; 71 FR 48141, Aug. 18, 
2006]



Sec. 412.531  Special payment provisions when an interruption of a stay 
occurs in a long-term care hospital.

    (a) Definitions--(1) A 3-day or less interruption of stay defined. 
``A 3-day or less interruption of stay'' means a stay at a long-term 
care hospital during which a Medicare inpatient is discharged from the 
long-term care hospital to an acute care hospital, IRF, SNF, or the 
patient's home and readmitted to the same long-term care hospital within 
3 days of the discharge from the long-term care hospital. The 3-day or 
less period begins with the date of discharge from the long-term care 
hospital and ends not later than midnight of the third day.
    (2) A greater than 3-day interruption of stay defined. ``A greater 
than 3-day or less interruption of stay'' means A stay in a long-term 
care hospital during which a Medicare inpatient is discharged from the 
long-term care hospital to an acute care hospital, an IRF, or a SNF for 
a period of greater than 3 days but within the applicable fixed-day 
period specified in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(iii) of this 
section before being readmitted to the same long-term care hospital.
    (i) For a discharge to an acute care hospital, the applicable fixed 
day period is between 4 and 9 consecutive days. The counting of the days 
begins on the date of discharge from the long-term care hospital and 
ends on the 9th date after the discharge.
    (ii) For a discharge to an IRF, the applicable fixed day period is 
between 4 and 27 consecutive days. The counting of the days begins on 
the day of discharge from the long-term care hospital and ends on the 
27th day after discharge.
    (iii) For a discharge to a SNF, the applicable fixed day period is 
between 4 and 45 consecutive days. The counting of the days begins on 
the day of discharge from the long-term care hospital and ends on the 
45th day after the discharge.
    (b) Methods of determining payments. (1) For purposes of determining 
a Federal prospective payment--
    (i) Determining the length of stay. In determining the length of 
stay of a patient at a long-term care hospital for payment purposes 
under this paragraph (b)--
    (A) Except as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(B) and (b)(1)(i)(C) 
of this section, the number of days that a beneficiary spends away from 
the long-term care hospital during a 3-day or less

[[Page 595]]

interruption of stay under paragraph (a)(1) of this section is not 
included in determining the length of stay of the patient at the long-
term care hospital when there is no outpatient or inpatient medical 
treatment or care provided at an acute care hospital or an IRF, or SNF 
services during the interruption that is considered a covered service 
delivered to the beneficiary.
    (B) The number of days that a beneficiary spends away from a long-
term care hospital during a 3-day or less interruption of stay under 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section are counted in determining the length 
of stay of the patient at the long-term care hospital if the beneficiary 
receives inpatient or outpatient medical care or treatment provided by 
an acute care hospital or IRF, or SNF services during the interruption. 
In the case where these services are provided during some, but not all 
days of a 3-day or less interruption, Medicare will include all days of 
the interruption in the long-term care hospitals day-count.
    (C) Surgical DRG exception to the 3-day or less interruption of stay 
policy.
    (1) The number of days that a beneficiary spends away from a long-
term care hospital during a 3-day or less interruption of stay under 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section during which the beneficiary receives a 
procedure grouped to a surgical DRG under the hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system in an acute care hospital during the 2005 and 
2006 LTCH prospective payment system rate years are not included in 
determining the length of stay of the patient at the long-term care 
hospital.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after July 1 2006, the number of 
days that a beneficiary spends away from a long-term care hospital 
during a 3-day or less interruption of stay under paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section during which the beneficiary receives a procedure grouped 
to a surgical DRG under the hospital inpatient prospective payment 
system in an acute care hospital are included in determining the length 
of stay of the patient at the long-term care hospital.
    (D) The number of days that a beneficiary spends away from a LTCH 
during a greater than 3-day interruption of stay, as defined in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section, is not included in determining the 
length of stay at the LTCH.
    (ii) Determining how payment is made. (A) Subject to the provisions 
of paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(A)(1) and (b)(1)(ii)(A)(2) of this section, for 
a 3-day or less interruption of stay under paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section, the entire stay is paid as a single discharge from the long-
term care hospital. CMS makes only one LTC-DRG payment for all portions 
of a long-term care stay.
    (1) For a 3-day or less interruption of stay under paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section in which a long-term care hospital discharges a patient 
to an acute care hospital and the patient's treatment during the 
interruption is grouped into a surgical DRG under the acute care 
inpatient hospital prospective payment system, for the LTCH 2005 and 
2006 rate years, CMS also makes a separate payment to the acute care 
hospital for the surgical DRG discharge in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(1)(i)(C) of this section.
    (2) For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2006, for a 3-day 
or less interruption of stay under paragraph (a)(1) of this section in 
which a long-term care hospital discharges a patient to an acute care 
hospital and the patient's treatment during the interruption is grouped 
into a surgical DRG under the acute care hospital inpatient prospective 
payment system, the services must be provided under arrangements in 
accordance with Sec. 412.509(c). CMS does not make a separate payment 
to the acute care hospital for the surgical treatment. The LTC-DRG 
payment made to the long-term care hospital is considered payment in 
full as specified in Sec. 412.521(b).
    (3) For a 3-day or less interruption of stay under paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section during which the patient receives inpatient or 
outpatient treatment or services at an acute care hospital or IRF, or 
SNF services, that are not otherwise excluded under Sec. 412.509(a), 
the services must be provided under arrangements in accordance with 
Sec. 412.509(c). CMS does not make a separate payment to the acute care 
hospital, IRF, or SNF for these services. The LTC-DRG payment made to 
the long-term care hospital is considered

[[Page 596]]

payment in full as specified in Sec. 412.521(b).
    (B) For a greater than 3-day interruption of stay under paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section, CMS will make only one LTC-DRG payment for all 
portions of a long-term care stay. CMS also separately pays the acute 
care hospital, the IRF, or the SNF in accordance with their respective 
payment systems, as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (iii) Basis for the prospective payment. Payment to the long-term 
care hospital is based on the patient's LTC-DRG that is determined in 
accordance with Sec. 412.513(b).
    (2) If the total number of days of a patient's length of stay in a 
long-term care hospital prior to and following a 3-day or less 
interruption of stay under paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A), (B), or (C) of this 
section or a greater than 3-day interruption of stay under paragraph 
(b)(1)(i)(D) of this section is up to and including five-sixths of the 
geometric average length of stay of the LTC-DRG, CMS will make a Federal 
prospective payment for a short-stay outlier in accordance with Sec. 
412.529(c).
    (3) If the total number of days of a patient's length of stay in a 
long-term care hospital prior to and following a 3-day or less 
interruption of stay under paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A), (B), or (C) of this 
section or a greater than 3-day interruption of stay under paragraph 
(b)(1)(i)(D) of this section exceeds five-sixths of the geometric 
average length of stay for the LTC-DRG, CMS will make one full Federal 
LTC-DRG prospective payment for the case. An additional payment will be 
made if the patient's stay qualifies as a high-cost outlier, as set 
forth in Sec. 412.525(a).
    (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, 
if a patient who has been discharged from a long-term care hospital to 
another facility and is readmitted to the long-term care hospital for 
additional treatment or services in the long-term care hospital 
following the stay at the other facility, the subsequent admission to 
the long-term care hospital is considered a new stay, even if the case 
is determined to fall into the same LTC-DRG, and the long-term care 
hospital will receive two separate Federal prospective payments if one 
of the following conditions are met:
    (i) The patient has a length of stay in the acute care hospital that 
exceeds 9 days from the day of discharge from the long-term care 
hospital;
    (ii) The patient has a length of stay in the IRF that exceeds 27 
days from the day of discharge from the long-term care hospital; or
    (iii) The patient has a length of stay in the SNF that exceeds 45 
days from the day of discharge from the long-term care hospital.
    (c) Payments to an acute care hospital, an IRF, or a SNF during an 
interruption of a stay. (1) Payment to the acute care hospital for the 
acute care hospital stay following discharge from the long-term care 
hospital will be paid in accordance with the acute care hospital 
inpatient prospective payment systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1).
    (2) Payment to an IRF for the IRF stay following a discharge from 
the long-term care hospital will be paid in accordance with the IRF 
prospective payment system specified in Sec. 412.624 of Subpart P of 
this part.
    (3) Payment to a SNF for the SNF stay following a discharge from the 
long-term care hospital will be paid in accordance with the SNF 
prospective payment system specified in subpart J of Part 413 of this 
subchapter.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 69 FR 25721, May 7, 2004; 70 
FR 24222, May 6, 2005; 71 FR 27900, May 12, 2006]



Sec. 412.532  Special payment provisions for patients who are transferred to 
onsite providers and readmitted to a long-term care hospital.

    (a) The policies set forth in this section apply in the following 
situations:
    (1) A long-term care hospital (including a satellite facility) that 
is co-located within an onsite acute care hospital, an onsite IRF, or an 
onsite psychiatric facility or unit that meets the definition of a 
hospital-within-a-hospital under Sec. 412.22(e).
    (2) A satellite facility, as defined in Sec. 412.22(h), that is co-
located with the long-term care hospital.
    (3) A SNF, as defined in section 1819(a) of the Act, that is co-
located with the long-term care hospital.

[[Page 597]]

    (b) As used in this section, ``co-located'' or ``onsite'' facility 
means a hospital, satellite facility, unit, or SNF that occupies space 
in a building also used by another hospital or unit or in one or more 
buildings on the same campus, as defined in Sec. 413.65(a)(2) of this 
subchapter, as buildings used by another hospital or unit.
    (c) If, during a cost reporting period, a long-term care hospital 
(including a satellite facility) discharges patients to an acute care 
hospital co-located with the long-term care hospital, as described in 
paragraph (a) of this section, and subsequently directly readmits more 
than 5 percent (that is, in excess of 5.0 percent) of the total number 
of its Medicare inpatients discharged from that acute care hospital, all 
such discharges to the co-located acute care hospital and the 
readmissions to the long-term care hospital will be treated as one 
discharge for that cost reporting period and one LTC-DRG payment will be 
made on the basis of each patient's initial principal diagnosis.
    (d) If, during a cost reporting period, a long-term care hospital 
(including a satellite facility) discharges patients to an onsite IRF, 
an onsite psychiatric hospital or unit, or an onsite SNF, as described 
in paragraph (a) of this section, and subsequently directly readmits 
more than 5 percent (that is, in excess of 5.0 percent) of the total 
number of its Medicare inpatients discharged from the onsite IRF, the 
onsite psychiatric hospital or unit, or the onsite SNF, all such 
discharges to any of these providers and the readmissions to the LTCH 
will be treated as one discharge for that cost reporting period and one 
LTC-DRG payment will be made on the basis of the patient's initial 
principal diagnosis.
    (e) For purposes of calculating the payment per discharge, payment 
for the entire stay at the long-term care hospital will be paid as a 
full LTC-DRG payment under Sec. 412.523 or a short-stay outlier under 
Sec. 412.529, depending on the duration of the entire stay.
    (f) If the long-term care hospital does not meet the 5-percent 
thresholds specified under paragraph (c) or (d) of this section for 
discharges to the specified onsite providers and readmissions to the 
long-term care hospital during a cost reporting period, payment under 
the long-term care prospective payment system will be made, where 
applicable, under the policies on a 3-day or less interruption of a stay 
and a greater than 3-day interruption of a stay as specified in Sec. 
412.531.
    (g) Payment to the onsite acute care hospital, the onsite IRF, the 
onsite psychiatric hospital or unit, and the onsite SNF for a 
beneficiary's stay in the specified onsite providers is subject to the 
applicable payment policies, including outliers and transfers, under the 
acute care hospital inpatient prospective payment system, the IRF 
prospective payment system, the SNF prospective payment system, or the 
excluded psychiatric hospital or unit cost-based reimbursement payment 
system, as appropriate.
    (h) In determining whether a patient has previously been discharged 
and then admitted, all prior discharges are considered, even if the 
discharge occurs late in one cost reporting period and the readmission 
occurs late in next cost reporting period.
    (i)(1) A long-term care hospital or a satellite of a long-term care 
hospital that meets the criteria of Sec. 412.22(e)(1) or (e)(2) or 
Sec. 412.22(h)(1) through (h)(4) that occupies space in a building used 
by another hospital or in one or more entire buildings located on the 
same campus as buildings used by another hospital and must notify its 
fiscal intermediary and CMS in writing of its co-location and identify 
by name(s), address(es), and Medicare provider number(s) the onsite 
acute care hospital, onsite IRF, or onsite psychiatric facility or unit 
with which it is co-located.
    (2) A long term care hospital or satellite of a long term care 
hospital that occupies space in a building used by a SNF or in one or 
more entire buildings located on the same campus as buildings used by a 
SNF must notify its fiscal intermediary and CMS in writing of its co-
located status and identify by name, address and Medicare provider 
number the SNF with which it is co-located.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 69 FR 25721, May 7, 2004; 70 
FR 24222, May 6, 2005; 71 FR 48141, Aug. 18, 2006]

[[Page 598]]



Sec. 412.533  Transition payments.

    (a) Duration of transition periods. Except for a long-term care 
hospital that makes an election under paragraph (c) of this section or 
for a long-term care hospital that is defined as new under Sec. 
412.23(e)(4), for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 
1, 2002, and before October 1, 2006, a long-term care hospital receives 
a payment comprised of a blend of the adjusted Federal prospective 
payment as determined under Sec. 412.523, and the payment determined 
under the cost-based reimbursement rules under Part 413 of this 
subchapter.
    (1) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2002 
and before October 1, 2003, payment is based on 20 percent of the 
Federal prospective payment rate and 80 percent of the cost-based 
reimbursement rate.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2003 
and before October 1, 2004, payment is based on 40 percent of the 
Federal prospective payment rate and 60 percent of the cost-based 
reimbursement rate.
    (3) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2004 
and before October 1, 2005, payment is based on 60 percent of the 
Federal prospective payment rate and 40 percent of the cost-based 
reimbursement rate.
    (4) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2005 
and before October 1, 2006, payment is based on 80 percent of the 
Federal prospective payment rate and 20 percent of the cost-based 
reimbursement rate.
    (5) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2006, payment is based entirely on the adjusted Federal prospective 
payment rate.
    (b) Adjustments based on reconciliation of cost reports. The cost-
based percentage of the provider's total Medicare payment under 
paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section are subject to 
adjustments based on reconciliation of cost reports.
    (c) Election not to be paid under the transition period methodology. 
A long-term care hospital may elect to be paid based on 100 percent of 
the Federal prospective rate at the start of any of its cost reporting 
periods during the 5-year transition periods specified in paragraph (a) 
of this section. Once a long-term care hospital elects to be paid based 
on 100 percent of the Federal prospective payment rate, it may not 
revert to the transition blend.
    (1) General requirement. A long-term care hospital must notify its 
fiscal intermediary of its intent to elect to be paid based on 100 
percent of the Federal prospective rate at the start of any of its cost 
reporting periods during the 5-year transition period specified in 
paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Notification requirement to make election. (i) The request by 
the long-term care hospital to make the election under paragraph (c)(1) 
of this section must be made in writing to the Medicare fiscal 
intermediary.
    (ii) For cost reporting periods that begin on or after October 1, 
2002 through November 30, 2002, the fiscal intermediary must receive the 
notification of the election before November 1, 2002.
    (iii) For cost reporting periods that begin on or after December 1, 
2002 through September 30, 2006, the fiscal intermediary must receive 
the notification of the election on or before the 30th day before the 
applicable cost reporting period begins.
    (iv) The fiscal intermediary must receive the notification by the 
dates specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iii) of this 
section, regardless of any postmarks or anticipated delivery dates. 
Requests received, postmarked, or delivered by other means after the 
dates specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iii) of this section 
will not be accepted. If the date specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and 
(c)(2)(iii) of this section falls on a day that the postal service or 
other delivery sources are not open for business, the long-term care 
hospital is responsible for allowing sufficient time for the delivery of 
the notification before the deadline.
    (v) If a long-term care hospital's notification is not received by 
the dates specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iii) of this 
section, payment will be based on the transition period rates specified 
in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section.
    (d) Payments to new long-term care hospitals. A new long-term care 
hospital, as defined in Sec. 412.23(e)(4), will be paid based on 100 
percent of the standard

[[Page 599]]

Federal rate, as described in Sec. 412.523, with no transition 
payments, as described in Sec. 412.533(a)(1) through (a)(5).



Sec. 412.534  Special payment provisions for long-term care hospitals within 
hospitals and satellites of long-term care hospitals.

    (a) Scope. The policies set forth in this section apply to 
discharges occurring in cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2004 from long-term care hospitals as described in Sec. 
412.23(e)(2)(i) meeting the criteria in Sec. 412.22(e)(2), or satellite 
facilities of long-term care hospitals that meet the criteria in Sec. 
412.22(h).
    (b) Patients admitted from hospitals not located in the same 
building or on the same campus as the long-term care hospital. Payments 
to the long-term care hospital for patients admitted to the long-term 
hospital or to a satellite of the long-term care hospital from another 
hospital that is not the co-located hospital are made under the rules in 
this subpart with no adjustment under this section.
    (c) Patients admitted from the hospital located in the same building 
or on the same campus as the long-term care hospital or satellite 
facility. Payments to the long-term care hospital for patients admitted 
to it or to its satellite facility from the co-located hospital will be 
made under either paragraph (c)(1) or paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (1) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, for any 
cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 2004 in which the 
long-term care hospital or its satellite facility has a discharged 
Medicare inpatient population of whom no more than 25 percent were 
admitted to the hospital or its satellite facility from the co-located 
hospital, payments are made under the rules at Sec. 412.500 through 
Sec. 412.541 in this subpart with no adjustment under this section.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraph (d), (e), or (g) of this 
section, for any cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 
2004 in which the long-term care hospital or satellite facility has a 
discharged Medicare inpatient population of whom more than 25 percent 
were admitted to the hospital or satellite facility from the co-located 
hospital, payments for the patients who are admitted from the co-located 
hospital and who cause the long-term care hospital or satellite facility 
to exceed the 25 percent threshold for discharged patients who have been 
admitted from the co-located hospital are the lesser of the amount 
otherwise payable under this subpart or the amount payable under this 
subpart that is equivalent, as set forth in paragraph (f) of this 
section, to the amount that would be determined under the rules at 
Subpart A, Sec. 412.1(a). Payments for the remainder of the long-term 
care hospital's or satellite facility's patients are made under the 
rules in this subpart at Sec. 412.500 through Sec. 412.541 with no 
adjustment under this section.
    (3) In determining the percentage of patients admitted to the long-
term care or satellite facility from the co-located hospital under 
paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section, patients on whose behalf 
an outlier payment was made to the co-located hospital are not counted 
towards the 25 percent threshold.
    (d) Special treatment of rural hospitals. (1) Subject to paragraph 
(g) of this section, in the case of a long-term care hospital or 
satellite facility that is located in a rural area as defined in Sec. 
412.64(b)(1)(ii)(C) and is co-located with another hospital for any cost 
reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 2004 in which the 
long-term care hospital or satellite facility has a discharged Medicare 
inpatient population of whom more than 50 percent were admitted to the 
long-term care hospital or satellite facility from the co-located 
hospital, payments for the patients who are admitted from the co-located 
hospital and who cause the long-term care hospital or satellite facility 
to exceed the 50 percent threshold for discharged patients who were 
admitted from the co-located hospital are the lesser of the amount 
otherwise payable under this subpart or the amount payable under this 
subpart that is equivalent, as set forth in paragraph (f) of this 
section, to the amount that were otherwise payable under subpart A, 
Sec. 412.1(a). Payments for the remainder of the long-term care 
hospital's or satellite facility's patients

[[Page 600]]

are made under the rules in this subpart at Sec. 412.500 through Sec. 
412.541 with no adjustment under this section.
    (2) In determining the percentage of patients admitted from the co-
located hospital under paragraph (d)(1) of this section, patients on 
whose behalf outlier payment was made at the co-located hospital are not 
counted toward the 50 percent threshold.
    (e) Special treatment of urban single or MSA dominant hospitals. (1) 
Subject to paragraph (g) of this section, in the case of a long-term 
care hospital or satellite facility that is co-located with the only 
other hospital in the MSA or with a MSA dominant hospital as defined in 
paragraph (e)(4) of this section, for any cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 2004 in which the long-term care 
hospital or satellite facility has a discharged Medicare inpatient 
population of whom more than the percentage calculated under paragraph 
(e)(2) of this section were admitted to the hospital from the co-located 
hospital, payments for the patients who are admitted from the co-located 
hospital and who cause the long-term care hospital to exceed the 
applicable threshold for discharged patients who have been admitted from 
the co-located hospital are the lesser of the amount otherwise payable 
under this subpart or the amount under this subpart that is equivalent, 
as set forth in paragraph (f) of this section, to the amount that 
otherwise would be determined under Subpart A, Sec. 412.1(a). Payments 
for the remainder of the long-term care hospital's or satellite 
facility's patients are made under the rules in this subpart with no 
adjustment under this section.
    (2) For purposes of paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the percentage 
used is the percentage of total Medicare discharges in the Metropolitan 
Statistical Area in which the hospital is located that are from the co-
located hospital for the cost reporting period for which the adjustment 
was made, but in no case is less than 25 percent or more than 50 
percent.
    (3) In determining the percentage of patients admitted from the co-
located hospital under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, patients on 
whose behalf outlier payment was made at the co-located hospital are not 
counted toward the applicable threshold.
    (4) For purposes of this paragraph, an ``MSA-dominant hospital'' is 
a hospital that has discharged more than 25 percent of the total 
hospital Medicare discharges in the MSA in which the hospital is 
located.
    (f) Calculation of rates. (1) Calculation of LTCH prospective 
payment system amount. CMS calculates an amount payable under subpart O 
equivalent to an amount that would otherwise be paid under the hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system based on the sum of the applicable 
hospital inpatient prospective payment system operating standardized 
amount and capital Federal rate in effect at the time of the LTCH 
discharge.
    (2) Operating inpatient prospective payment system standardized 
amount. The hospital inpatient prospective payment system operating 
standardized amount--
    (i) Is adjusted for the applicable hospital inpatient prospective 
payment system DRG weighting factors;
    (ii) Is adjusted for different area wage levels based on the 
geographic classifications set forth at Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) 
through (C) and the applicable hospital inpatient prospective payment 
system labor-related share, using the applicable hospital inpatient 
prospective payment system wage index value for non-reclassified 
hospitals. For LTCHs located in Alaska and Hawaii, this amount is also 
adjusted by the applicable hospital inpatient prospective payment system 
cost of living adjustment factors;
    (iii) Includes, where applicable, adjustments for indirect medical 
education costs and the costs of serving a disproportionate share of 
low-income patients.
    (3) Hospital inpatient prospective payment system capital Federal 
rate. The hospital inpatient prospective payment system capital Federal 
rate--
    (i) Is adjusted for the applicable hospital inpatient prospective 
payment system DRG weighting factors;
    (ii) Is adjusted by the applicable geographic adjustment factors, 
including local cost variation based on the applicable geographic 
classifications set forth at Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) through (C)

[[Page 601]]

and the applicable full hospital inpatient prospective payment system 
wage index value for non-reclassified hospitals, applicable large urban 
location and cost of living adjustment factors for LTCHs for Alaska and 
Hawaii, if applicable;
    (iii) Includes, where applicable, capital inpatient prospective 
payment system adjustments for indirect medical education costs and the 
costs of serving a disproportionate share of low-income patients.
    (4) High cost outlier. An additional payment for high cost outlier 
cases is based on the fixed loss amount established for the hospital 
inpatient prospective payment system.
    (g) Transition period for long-term care hospitals and satellite 
facilities paid under this subpart. In the case of a long-term care 
hospital or a satellite facility that is paid under the provisions of 
this Subpart O of Part 412 on October 1, 2004 or of a hospital that is 
paid under the provisions of this Subpart O on October 1, 2005 and whose 
qualifying period under Sec. 412.23(e) began on or before October 1, 
2004, the amount paid is calculated as specified below:
    (1) For each discharge during the first cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 2004, and before October 1, 2005, the 
amount paid is the amount payable under this subpart with no adjustment 
under this section but the hospital may not exceed the percentage of 
patients admitted from the host during its FY 2004 cost reporting 
period.
    (2) For each discharge during the cost reporting period beginning on 
or after October 1, 2005, and before October 1, 2006, the percentage 
that may be admitted from the host with no payment adjustment may not 
exceed the lesser of the percentage of patients admitted from the host 
during its FY 2004 cost reporting period or 75 percent.
    (3) For each discharge during the cost reporting period beginning on 
or after October 1, 2006, and before October 1, 2007, the percentage 
that may be admitted from the host with no payment adjustment may not 
exceed the lesser of the percentage of patients admitted from the host 
during its FY 2004 cost reporting period or 50 percent.
    (4) For each discharge during cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after October 1, 2007, the percentage that may be admitted from the host 
with no payment adjustment may not exceed 25 percent or the applicable 
percentage determined under paragraph (d) or (e) of this section.

[69 FR 49251, Aug. 11, 2004, as amended at 69 FR 78529, Dec. 30, 2004; 
71 FR 27900, May 12, 2006]



Sec. 412.535  Publication of the Federal prospective payment rates.

    CMS publishes information pertaining to the long-term care hospital 
prospective payment system effective for each annual update in the 
Federal Register.
    (a) Information on the unadjusted Federal payment rates and a 
description of the methodology and data used to calculate the payment 
rates are published on or before May 1 prior to the start of each long-
term care hospital prospective payment system rate year which begins 
July 1, unless for good cause it is published after May 1, but before 
June 1.
    (b) Information on the LTC-DRG classification and associated 
weighting factors is published on or before August 1 prior to the 
beginning of each Federal fiscal year.

[68 FR 34163, June 6, 2003]



Sec. 412.541  Method of payment under the long-term care hospital prospective 
payment system.

    (a) General rule. Subject to the exceptions in paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section, long-term care hospitals receive payment under this 
subpart for inpatient operating costs and capital-related costs for each 
discharge only following submission of a discharge bill.
    (b) Periodic interim payments--(1) Criteria for receiving periodic 
interim payments. (i) A long-term care hospital receiving payment under 
this subpart may receive periodic interim payments (PIP) for Part A 
services under the PIP method subject to the provisions of Sec. 
413.64(h) of this subchapter.
    (ii) To be approved for PIP, the long-term care hospital must meet 
the qualifying requirements in Sec. 413.64(h)(3) of this subchapter.

[[Page 602]]

    (iii) As provided in Sec. 413.64(h)(5) of this subchapter, 
intermediary approval is conditioned upon the intermediary's best 
judgment as to whether payment can be made under the PIP method without 
undue risk of the PIP resulting in an overpayment to the provider.
    (2) Frequency of payment. (i) For long-term care hospitals approved 
for PIP and paid solely under Federal prospective payment system rates 
under Sec. 412.533(a)(5) and Sec. 412.533(c), the intermediary 
estimates the long-term care hospital's Federal prospective payments net 
after estimated beneficiary deductibles and coinsurance and makes 
biweekly payments equal to \1/26\ of the total estimated amount of 
payment for the year.
    (ii) For long-term care hospitals approved for PIP and paid using 
the blended payment schedule specified in Sec. 412.533(a) for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2002, and before 
October 1, 2006, the intermediary estimates the hospital's portion of 
the Federal prospective payments net and the hospital's portion of the 
reasonable cost-based reimbursement payments net, after beneficiary 
deductibles and coinsurance, in accordance with the blended transition 
percentages specified in Sec. 412.533(a), and makes biweekly payments 
equal to \1/26\ of the total estimated amount of both portions of 
payments for the year.
    (iii) If the long-term care hospital has payment experience under 
the long-term care hospital prospective payment system, the intermediary 
estimates PIP based on that payment experience, adjusted for projected 
changes supported by substantiated information for the current year.
    (iv) Each payment is made 2 weeks after the end of a biweekly period 
of service as described in Sec. 413.64(h)(6) of this subchapter.
    (v) The interim payments are reviewed at least twice during the 
reporting period and adjusted if necessary. Fewer reviews may be 
necessary if a hospital receives interim payments for less than a full 
reporting period. These payments are subject to final settlement.
    (3) Termination of PIP. (i) Request by the hospital. Subject to 
paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section, a long-term care hospital 
receiving PIP may convert to receiving prospective payments on a non-PIP 
basis at any time.
    (ii) Removal by the intermediary. An intermediary terminates PIP if 
the long-term care hospital no longer meets the requirements of Sec. 
413.64(h) of this subchapter.
    (c) Interim payments for Medicare bad debts and for Part A costs not 
paid under the prospective payment system. For Medicare bad debts and 
for the costs of an approved education program, blood clotting factors, 
anesthesia services furnished by hospital-employed nonphysician 
anesthetists or obtained under arrangement, and photocopying and mailing 
medical records to a QIO, which are costs paid outside the prospective 
payment system, the intermediary determines the interim payments by 
estimating the reimbursable amount for the year based on the previous 
year's experience, adjusted for projected changes supported by 
substantiated information for the current year, and makes biweekly 
payments equal to \1/26\ of the total estimated amount. Each payment is 
made 2 weeks after the end of the biweekly period of service as 
described in Sec. 413.64(h)(6) of this subchapter. The interim payments 
are reviewed at least twice during the reporting period and adjusted if 
necessary. Fewer reviews may be necessary if a long-term care hospital 
receives interim payments for less than a full reporting period. These 
payments are subject to final cost settlement.
    (d) Special interim payment for unusually long lengths of stay--(1) 
First interim payment. A hospital that is not receiving periodic interim 
payments under paragraph (b) of this section may request an interim 
payment 60 days after a Medicare beneficiary has been admitted to the 
hospital. Payment for the interim bill is determined as if the bill were 
a final discharge bill and includes any outlier payment determined as of 
the last day for which services have been billed.
    (2) Additional interim payments. A hospital may request additional 
interim payments at intervals of at least 60 days after the date of the 
first interim bill submitted under paragraph (d)(1) of

[[Page 603]]

this section. Payment for these additional interim bills, as well as the 
final bill, is determined as if the bill were the final bill with 
appropriate adjustments made to the payment amount to reflect any 
previous interim payment made under the provisions of this paragraph.
    (e) Outlier payments. Additional payments for outliers are not made 
on an interim basis. The outlier payments are made based on the 
submission of a discharge bill and represent final payment.
    (f) Accelerated payments--(1) General rule. Upon request, an 
accelerated payment may be made to a long-term care hospital that is 
receiving payment under this subpart and is not receiving PIP under 
paragraph (b) of this section if the hospital is experiencing financial 
difficulties because of the following:
    (i) There is a delay by the intermediary in making payment to the 
long-term care hospital.
    (ii) Due to an exceptional situation, there is a temporary delay in 
the hospital's preparation and submittal of bills to the intermediary 
beyond its normal billing cycle.
    (2) Approval of payment. A request by a long-term care hospital for 
an accelerated payment must be approved by the intermediary and by CMS.
    (3) Amount of payment. The amount of the accelerated payment is 
computed as a percentage of the net payment for unbilled or unpaid 
covered services.
    (4) Recovery of payment. Recovery of the accelerated payment is made 
by recoupment as long-term care hospital bills are processed or by 
direct payment by the long-term care hospital.

[67 FR 56049, Aug. 30, 2002, as amended at 68 FR 10988, Mar. 7, 2003; 71 
FR 48141, Aug. 18, 2006]



Subpart P_Prospective Payment for Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospitals and 
                          Rehabilitation Units

    Source: 66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 412.600  Basis and scope of subpart.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements section 1886(j) of the Act, which 
provides for the implementation of a prospective payment system for 
inpatient rehabilitation hospitals and rehabilitation units (in this 
subpart referred to as ``inpatient rehabilitation facilities'').
    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth the framework for the prospective 
payment system for inpatient rehabilitation facilities, including the 
methodology used for the development of payment rates and associated 
adjustments, the application of a transition phase, and related rules. 
Under this system, for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2002, payment for the operating and capital costs of 
inpatient hospital services furnished by inpatient rehabilitation 
facilities to Medicare Part A fee-for-service beneficiaries is made on 
the basis of prospectively determined rates and applied on a per 
discharge basis.



Sec. 412.602  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart--
    Assessment reference date means the specific calendar day in the 
patient assessment process that sets the designated endpoint of the 
common patient observation period, with most patient assessment items 
usually referring back in time from this endpoint.
    CMS stands for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
    Comorbidity means a specific patient condition that is secondary to 
the patient's principal diagnosis that is the primary reason for the 
inpatient rehabilitation stay.
    Discharge. A Medicare patient in an inpatient rehabilitation 
facility is considered discharged when--
    (1) The patient is formally released from the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility; or
    (2) The patient dies in the inpatient rehabilitation facility.
    Encode means entering data items into the fields of the computerized 
patient assessment software program.
    Functional-related groups refers to the distinct groups under which 
inpatients are classified using proxy measurements of inpatient 
rehabilitation relative resource usage.
    Interrupted stay means a stay at an inpatient rehabilitation 
facility during

[[Page 604]]

which a Medicare inpatient is discharged from the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility and returns to the same inpatient rehabilitation 
facility within 3 consecutive calendar days. The duration of the 
interruption of the stay of 3 consecutive calendar days begins with the 
day of discharge from the inpatient rehabilitation facility and ends on 
midnight of the third day.
    Outlier payment means an additional payment beyond the standard 
Federal prospective payment for cases with unusually high costs.
    Patient assessment instrument refers to a document that contains 
clinical, demographic, and other information on a patient.
    Rural area means: For cost-reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2002, with respect to discharges occurring during the period 
covered by such cost reports but before October 1, 2005, an area as 
defined in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(iii). For discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 2005, rural area means an area as defined in Sec. 
412.64(b)(1)(ii)(C).
    Transfer means the release of a Medicare inpatient from an inpatient 
rehabilitation facility to another inpatient rehabilitation facility, a 
short-term, acute-care prospective payment hospital, a long-term care 
hospital as described in Sec. 412.23(e), or a nursing home that 
qualifies to receive Medicare or Medicaid payments.
    Urban area means: For cost-reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2002, with respect to discharges occurring during the period 
covered by such cost reports but before October 1, 2005, an area as 
defined in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(ii). For discharges occurring on or after 
October 1, 2005, urban area means an area as defined in Sec. 
412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) and Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(B).

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 44077, July 1, 2002; 68 
FR 45699, Aug. 1, 2003; 70 FR 47952, Aug. 15, 2005]



Sec. 412.604  Conditions for payment under the prospective payment system for 
inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

    (a) General requirements. (1) Effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2002, an inpatient rehabilitation 
facility must meet the conditions of this section to receive payment 
under the prospective payment system described in this subpart for 
inpatient hospital services furnished to Medicare Part A fee-for-service 
beneficiaries.
    (2) If an inpatient rehabilitation facility fails to comply fully 
with these conditions with respect to inpatient hospital services 
furnished to one or more Medicare Part A fee-for-service beneficiaries, 
CMS or its Medicare fiscal intermediary may, as appropriate--
    (i) Withhold (in full or in part) or reduce Medicare payment to the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility until the facility provides adequate 
assurances of compliance; or
    (ii) Classify the inpatient rehabilitation facility as an inpatient 
hospital that is subject to the conditions of subpart C of this part and 
is paid under the prospective payment systems specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(1).
    (b) Inpatient rehabilitation facilities subject to the prospective 
payment system. Subject to the special payment provisions of Sec. 
412.22(c), an inpatient rehabilitation facility must meet the general 
criteria set forth in Sec. 412.22 and the criteria to be classified as 
a rehabilitation hospital or rehabilitation unit set forth in Sec. Sec. 
412.23(b), 412.25, and 412.29 for exclusion from the inpatient hospital 
prospective payment systems specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1).
    (c) Completion of patient assessment instrument. For each Medicare 
Part A fee-for-service patient admitted to or discharged from an IRF on 
or after January 1, 2002, the inpatient rehabilitation facility must 
complete a patient assessment instrument in accordance with Sec. 
412.606.
    (d) Limitation on charges to beneficiaries--(1) Prohibited charges. 
Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, an inpatient 
rehabilitation facility may not charge a beneficiary for any services 
for which payment is made by Medicare, even if the facility's costs of 
furnishing services to that beneficiary are greater than the amount the 
facility is paid under the prospective payment system.
    (2) Permitted charges. An inpatient rehabilitation facility 
receiving payment

[[Page 605]]

under this subpart for a covered hospital stay (that is, a stay that 
includes at least one covered day) may charge the Medicare beneficiary 
or other person only for the applicable deductible and coinsurance 
amounts under Sec. Sec. 409.82, 409.83, and 409.87 of this subchapter 
and for items or services as specified under Sec. 489.20(a) of this 
chapter.
    (e) Furnishing of inpatient hospital services directly or under 
arrangement. (1) Subject to the provisions of Sec. 412.622(b), the 
applicable payments made under this subpart are payment in full for all 
inpatient hospital services, as defined in Sec. 409.10 of this 
subchapter. Inpatient hospital services do not include the following:
    (i) Physicians' services that meet the requirements of Sec. 
415.102(a) of this subchapter for payment on a fee schedule basis.
    (ii) Physician assistant services, as defined in section 
1861(s)(2)(K)(i) of the Act.
    (iii) Nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist services, as 
defined in section 1861(s)(2)(K)(ii) of the Act.
    (iv) Certified nurse midwife services, as defined in section 
1861(gg) of the Act.
    (v) Qualified psychologist services, as defined in section 1861(ii) 
of the Act.
    (vi) Services of an anesthetist, as defined in Sec. 410.69 of this 
chapter.
    (2) Medicare does not pay any provider or supplier other than the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility for services furnished to a Medicare 
beneficiary who is an inpatient of the inpatient rehabilitation 
facility, except for services described in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through 
(e)(1)(vi) of this section.
    (3) The inpatient rehabilitation facility must furnish all necessary 
covered services to the Medicare beneficiary either directly or under 
arrangements (as defined in Sec. 409.3 of this subchapter).
    (f) Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. All inpatient 
rehabilitation facilities participating in the prospective payment 
system under this subpart must meet the recordkeeping and cost reporting 
requirements of Sec. Sec. 413.20 and 413.24 of this subchapter.

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 44077, July 1, 2002; 68 
FR 45699, Aug. 1, 2003]



Sec. 412.606  Patient assessments.

    (a) Admission orders. At the time that each Medicare Part A fee-for-
service patient is admitted, the inpatient rehabilitation facility must 
have physician orders for the patient's care during the time the patient 
is hospitalized.
    (b) Patient assessment instrument. An inpatient rehabilitation 
facility must use the CMS inpatient rehabilitation facility patient 
assessment instrument to assess Medicare Part A fee-for-service 
inpatients who--
    (1) Are admitted on or after January 1, 2002; or
    (2) Were admitted before January 1, 2002, and are still inpatients 
as of January 1, 2002.
    (c) Comprehensive assessments. (1) A clinician of the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility must perform a comprehensive, accurate, 
standardized, and reproducible assessment of each Medicare Part A fee-
for-service inpatient using the inpatient rehabilitation facility 
patient assessment instrument specified in paragraph (b) of this section 
as part of his or her patient assessment in accordance with the schedule 
described in Sec. 412.610.
    (2) A clinician employed or contracted by an inpatient 
rehabilitation facility who is trained on how to perform a patient 
assessment using the inpatient rehabilitation facility patient 
assessment instrument specified in paragraph (b) of the section must 
record appropriate and applicable data accurately and completely for 
each item on the patient assessment instrument.
    (3) The assessment process must include--
    (i) Direct patient observation and communication with the patient; 
and
    (ii) When appropriate and to the extent feasible, patient data from 
the patient's physician(s), family, someone personally knowledgeable 
about the patient's clinical condition or capabilities, the patient's 
clinical record, and other sources.

[[Page 606]]



Sec. 412.608  Patients' rights regarding the collection of patient assessment 
data.

    (a) Before performing an assessment using the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility patient assessment instrument, a clinician of 
the inpatient rehabilitation facility must give a Medicare inpatient--
    (1) The form entitled ``Privacy Act Statement--Health Care 
Records''; and
    (2) The simplified plain language description of the Privacy Act 
Statement--Health Care Records which is a form entitled ``Data 
Collection Information Summary for Patients in Inpatient Rehabilitation 
Facilities.''
    (b) The inpatient rehabilitation facility must document in the 
Medicare inpatient's clinical record that the Medicare inpatient has 
been given the documents specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) By giving the Medicare inpatient the forms specified in 
paragraph (a) of this section the inpatient rehabilitation facility will 
inform the Medicare patient of--
    (1) Their privacy rights under the Privacy Act of 1974 and 45 CFR 
5b.4(a)(3); and
    (2) The following rights:
    (i) The right to be informed of the purpose of the collection of the 
patient assessment data;
    (ii) The right to have the patient assessment information collected 
be kept confidential and secure;
    (iii) The right to be informed that the patient assessment 
information will not be disclosed to others, except for legitimate 
purposes allowed by the Federal Privacy Act and Federal and State 
regulations;
    (iv) The right to refuse to answer patient assessment questions; and
    (v) The right to see, review, and request changes on his or her 
patient assessment.
    (d) The patient rights specified in this section are in addition to 
the patient rights specified in Sec. 82.13 of this chapter.

[68 FR 45699, Aug. 1, 2003]



Sec. 412.610  Assessment schedule.

    (a) General. For each Medicare Part A fee-for-service inpatient, an 
inpatient rehabilitation facility must complete a patient assessment 
instrument as specified in Sec. 412.606 that covers a time period that 
is in accordance with the assessment schedule specified in paragraph (c) 
of this section.
    (b) Starting the assessment schedule day count. The first day that 
the Medicare Part A fee-for-service inpatient is furnished Medicare-
covered services during his or her current inpatient rehabilitation 
facility hospital stay is counted as day one of the patient assessment 
schedule.
    (c) Assessment schedules and reference dates. The inpatient 
rehabilitation facility must complete a patient assessment instrument 
upon the Medicare Part A fee-for-service patient's admission and 
discharge as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
    (1) Admission assessment. (i) General rule. The admission 
assessment--
    (A) Time period is a span of time that covers calendar days 1 
through 3 of the patient's current Medicare Part A fee-for-service 
hospitalization;
    (B) Has an admission assessment reference date that is the third 
calendar day of the span of time specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(A) of 
this section; and
    (C) Must be completed by the calendar day that follows the admission 
assessment reference day.
    (ii) Exception to the general rule. We may specify in the patient 
assessment instrument item-by-item guide and in other issued 
instructions, items that have a different admission assessment time 
period to most appropriately capture patient information for payment and 
quality of care monitoring objectives.
    (2) Discharge assessment. (i) General rule. The discharge 
assessment--
    (A) Time period is a span of time that covers 3 calendar days, and 
is the discharge assessment reference date itself specified in paragraph 
(c)(2)(ii) of this section and the 2 calendar days prior to the 
discharge assessment reference date; and
    (B) Must be completed on the 5th calendar day that follows the 
discharge assessment reference date specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of 
this section with the discharge assessment reference date itself being 
counted as the first day of the 5 calendar day time span.

[[Page 607]]

    (ii) Discharge assessment reference date. The discharge assessment 
reference date is the actual day that the first of either of the 
following two events occurs:
    (A) The patient is discharged from the inpatient rehabilitation 
facility; or
    (B) The patient stops being furnished Medicare Part A fee-for-
service inpatient rehabilitation services.
    (iii) Exception to the general rule. We may specify in the patient 
assessment instrument item-by-item guide and in other issued 
instructions, items that have a different discharge assessment time 
period to most appropriately capture patient information for payment and 
quality of care monitoring objectives.
    (d) Encoding dates. The admission and discharge patient assessments 
must be encoded by the 7th calendar day from the completion dates 
specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (e) Accuracy of the patient assessment data. The encoded patient 
assessment data must accurately reflect the patient's clinical status at 
the time of the patient assessment.
    (f) Patient assessment instrument record retention. An inpatient 
rehabilitation facility must maintain all patient assessment data sets 
completed on Medicare Part A fee-for-service patients within the 
previous 5 years either in a paper format in the patient's clinical 
record or in an electronic computer file format that the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility can easily obtain.

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 44077, July 1, 2002; 68 
FR 45699, Aug. 1, 2003]



Sec. 412.612  Coordination of the collection of patient assessment data.

    (a) Responsibilities of the clinician. A clinician of an inpatient 
rehabilitation facility who has participated in performing the patient 
assessment must have responsibility for--
    (1) The accuracy and thoroughness of the specific data recorded by 
that clinician on the patient's assessment instrument; and
    (2) The accuracy of the assessment reference date inserted on the 
patient assessment instrument completed under Sec. 412.610(c).
    (b) Penalty for falsification. (1) Under Medicare, an individual who 
knowingly and willfully--
    (i) Completes a material and false statement in a patient assessment 
is subject to a civil money penalty of not more than $1,000 for each 
assessment; or
    (ii) Causes another individual to complete a material and false 
statement in a patient assessment is subject to a civil money penalty of 
not more than $5,000 for each assessment.
    (2) Clinical disagreement does not constitute a material and false 
statement.



Sec. 412.614  Transmission of patient assessment data.

    (a) Data format. General rule. The inpatient rehabilitation facility 
must encode and transmit data for each Medicare Part A fee-for-service 
inpatient--
    (1) Using the computerized version of the patient assessment 
instrument available from us; or
    (2) Using a computer program(s) that conforms to our standard 
electronic record layout, data specifications, and data dictionary, 
includes the required patient assessment instrument data set, and meets 
our other specifications.
    (3) Exception to the general rule. When the inpatient rehabilitation 
facility does not submit claim data to Medicare in order to be paid for 
any of the services it furnished to a Medicare Part A fee-for-service 
inpatient, the inpatient rehabilitation facility is not required to, but 
may, transmit to Medicare the inpatient rehabilitation facility patient 
assessment data associated with the services furnished to that same 
Medicare Part A fee-for-service inpatient.
    (b) How to transmit data. The inpatient rehabilitation facility 
must--
    (1) Electronically transmit complete, accurate, and encoded data 
from the patient assessment instrument for each Medicare Part A fee-for-
service inpatient to our patient data system in accordance with the data 
format specified in paragraph (a) of this section; and
    (2) Transmit data using electronic communications software that 
provides a direct telephone connection from the

[[Page 608]]

inpatient rehabilitation facility to the our patient data system.
    (c) Transmission dates. The inpatient rehabilitation facility must 
transmit both the admission patient assessment and the discharge patient 
assessments at the same time to the our patient data system by the 7th 
calendar day in the period beginning with the applicable patient 
assessment instrument encoding date specified in Sec. 412.610(d).
    (d) Late transmission penalty. (1) We assess a penalty when an 
inpatient rehabilitation facility does not transmit the required data 
from the patient assessment instrument to the our patient data system in 
accordance with the transmission timeframe in paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (2) If the actual patient assessment data transmission date is later 
than 10 calendar days from the transmission date specified in paragraph 
(c) of this section, the patient assessment data is considered late and 
the inpatient rehabilitation facility receives a payment rate that is 25 
percent less than the payment rate associated with a case-mix group.
    (e) Exemption to being assessed a penalty for transmitting the IRF-
PAI data late. CMS may waive the penalty specified in paragraph (d) of 
this section when, due to an extraordinary situation that is beyond the 
control of an inpatient rehabilitation facility, the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility is unable to transmit the patient assessment 
data in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. Only CMS can 
determine if a situation encountered by an inpatient rehabilitation 
facility is extraordinary and qualifies as a situation for waiver of the 
penalty specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section. An extraordinary 
situation may be due to, but is not limited to, fires, floods, 
earthquakes, or similar unusual events that inflict extensive damage to 
an inpatient rehabilitation facility. An extraordinary situation may be 
one that produces a data transmission problem that is beyond the control 
of the inpatient rehabilitation facility, as well as other situations 
determined by CMS to be beyond the control of the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility. An extraordinary situation must be fully 
documented by the inpatient rehabilitation facility.

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 68 FR 45699, Aug. 1, 2003]



Sec. 412.616  Release of information collected using the patient assessment 
instrument.

    (a) General. An inpatient rehabilitation facility may release 
information from the patient assessment instrument only as specified in 
Sec. 482.24(b)(3) of this chapter.
    (b) Release to the inpatient rehabilitation facility's agent. An 
inpatient rehabilitation facility may release information that is 
patient-identifiable to an agent only in accordance with a written 
contract under which the agent agrees not to use or disclose the 
information except for the purposes specified in the contract and only 
to the extent the facility itself is permitted to do so under paragraph 
(a) of this section.



Sec. 412.618  Assessment process for interrupted stays.

    For purposes of the patient assessment process, if a Medicare Part A 
fee-for-service patient has an interrupted stay, as defined under Sec. 
412.602, the following applies:
    (a) Assessment requirements. (1) The initial case-mix group 
classification from the admission assessment remains in effect (that is, 
no new admission assessment is performed).
    (2) When the patient has completed his or her entire rehabilitation 
episode stay, a discharge assessment must be performed.
    (b) Recording and encoding of data. The clinician must record the 
interruption of the stay on the patient assessment instrument.
    (c) If the interruption in the stay occurs during the admission 
assessment time period, the assessment reference date, completion date, 
and encoding date for the admission assessment are advanced by the same 
number of calendar days as the length of the patient's interruption in 
the stay.

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 44077, July 1, 2002]

[[Page 609]]



Sec. 412.620  Patient classification system.

    (a) Classification methodology. (1) A patient classification system 
is used to classify patients in inpatient rehabilitation facilities into 
mutually exclusive case-mix groups.
    (2) For purposes of this subpart, case-mix groups are classes of 
Medicare patient discharges by functional-related groups that are based 
on a patient's impairment, age, comorbidities, functional capabilities, 
and other factors that may improve the ability of the functional-related 
groups to estimate variations in resource use.
    (3) Data from admission assessments under Sec. 412.610(c)(1) are 
used to classify a Medicare patient into an appropriate case-mix group.
    (4) Data from the discharge assessment under Sec. 412.610(c)(2) are 
used to determine the weighting factors under paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section.
    (b) Weighting factors--(1) General. An appropriate weight is 
assigned to each case-mix group that measures the relative difference in 
facility resource intensity among the various case-mix groups.
    (2) Short-stay outliers. We will determine a weighting factor or 
factors for patients that are discharged and not transferred (as defined 
in Sec. 412.602) within a number of days from admission as specified by 
us.
    (3) Patients who expire. We will determine a weighting factor or 
factors for patients who expire within a number of days from admission 
as specified by us.
    (4) Comorbidities. We will determine a weighting factor or factors 
to account for the presence of a comorbidity, as defined in Sec. 
412.602, that is relevant to resource use in the classification system.
    (c) Revision of case-mix group classifications and weighting 
factors. We may periodically adjust the case-mix groups and weighting 
factors to reflect changes in--
    (1) Treatment patterns;
    (2) Technology;
    (3) Number of discharges; and
    (4) Other factors affecting the relative use of resources.



Sec. 412.622  Basis of payment.

    (a) Method of payment. (1) Under the prospective payment system, 
inpatient rehabilitation facilities receive a predetermined amount per 
discharge for inpatient services furnished to Medicare Part A fee-for-
service beneficiaries.
    (2) The amount of payment under the prospective payment system is 
based on the Federal payment rate, including adjustments described in 
Sec. 412.624 and, if applicable, during a transition period, on a blend 
of the Federal payment rate and the facility-specific payment rate 
described in Sec. 412.626.
    (b) Payment in full. (1) The payment made under this subpart 
represents payment in full (subject to applicable deductibles and 
coinsurance as described in subpart G of part 409 of this subchapter) 
for inpatient operating and capital-related costs associated with 
furnishing Medicare covered services in an inpatient rehabilitation 
facility, but not for the cost of an approved medical education program 
described in Sec. Sec. 413.75 and 413.85 of this chapter.
    (2) In addition to payments based on prospective payment rates, 
inpatient rehabilitation facilities receive payments for the following:
    (i) Bad debts of Medicare beneficiaries, as provided in Sec. 413.80 
of this chapter; and
    (ii) A payment amount per unit for blood clotting factor provided to 
Medicare inpatients who have hemophilia.

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 70 FR 47952, Aug. 15, 2005]



Sec. 412.624  Methodology for calculating the Federal prospective payment 
rates.

    (a) Data used. To calculate the prospective payment rates for 
inpatient hospital services furnished by inpatient rehabilitation 
facilities, we use--
    (1) The most recent Medicare data available, as of the date of 
establishing the inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment 
system, to estimate payments for inpatient operating and capital-related 
costs made under part 413 of this subchapter;
    (2) An appropriate wage index to adjust for area wage differences;
    (3) An increase factor to adjust for the most recent estimate of 
increases in the prices of an appropriate market basket of goods and 
services included

[[Page 610]]

in covered inpatient rehabilitation services; and
    (4) Patient assessment data described in Sec. 412.606 and other 
data that account for the relative resource utilization of different 
patient types.
    (b) Determining the average costs per discharge for fiscal year 
2001. We determine the average inpatient operating and capital costs per 
discharge for which payment is made to each inpatient rehabilitation 
facility using the available data specified under paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section. The cost per discharge is adjusted to fiscal year 2001 by 
an increase factor, described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, under 
the update methodology described in section 1886(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act 
for each year through the midpoint of fiscal year 2001.
    (c) Determining the Federal prospective payment rates--(1) General. 
The Federal prospective payment rates will be established using a 
standard payment amount referred to as the standard payment conversion 
factor. The standard payment conversion factor is a standardized payment 
amount based on average costs from a base year that reflects the 
combined aggregate effects of the weighting factors, various facility 
and case level adjustments, and other adjustments.
    (2) Update the cost per discharge. CMS applies the increase factor 
described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section to the facility's cost per 
discharge determined under paragraph (b) of this section to compute the 
cost per discharge for fiscal year 2002. Based on the updated cost per 
discharge, CMS estimates the payments that would have been made to the 
facility for fiscal year 2002 under part 413 of this chapter without 
regard to the prospective payment system implemented under this subpart.
    (3) Computation of the standard payment conversion factor. The 
standard payment conversion factor is computed as follows:
    (i) For fiscal year 2002. Based on the updated costs per discharge 
and estimated payments for fiscal year 2002 determined in paragraph 
(c)(2) of this section, CMS computes a standard payment conversion 
factor for fiscal year 2002, as specified by CMS, that reflects, as 
appropriate, the adjustments described in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (ii) For fiscal years after 2002. The standard payment conversion 
factor for fiscal years after 2002 will be the standardized payments for 
the previous fiscal year updated by the increase factor described in 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, including adjustments described in 
paragraph (d) of this section as appropriate.
    (4) Determining the Federal prospective payment rate for each case-
mix group. The Federal prospective payment rates for each case-mix group 
is the product of the weighting factors described in Sec. 412.620(b) 
and the standard payment conversion factor described in paragraph (c)(3) 
of this section.
    (d) Adjustments to the standard payment conversion factor. The 
standard payment conversion factor described in paragraph (c)(3) of this 
section will be adjusted for the following:
    (1) Outlier payments. CMS determines a reduction factor equal to the 
estimated proportion of additional outlier payments described in 
paragraph (e)(5) of this section.
    (2) Budget neutrality. CMS adjusts the Federal prospective payment 
rates for fiscal year 2002 so that aggregate payments under the 
prospective payment system, excluding any additional payments associated 
with elections not to be paid under the transition period methodology 
under Sec. 412.626(b), are estimated to equal the amount that would 
have been made to inpatient rehabilitation facilities under part 413 of 
this chapter without regard to the prospective payment system 
implemented under this subpart.
    (3) Coding and classification changes. CMS adjusts the standard 
payment conversion factor for a given year if CMS determines that 
revisions in case-mix classifications or weighting factors for a 
previous fiscal year (or estimates that those revisions for a future 
fiscal year) did result in (or would otherwise result in) a change in 
aggregate payments that are a result of changes in the coding or 
classification of patients that do not reflect real changes in case-mix.
    (4) Payment adjustment for Federal fiscal year 2006 and applicable 
Federal fiscal

[[Page 611]]

years. CMS adjusts the standard payment conversion factor based on any 
updates to the adjustments specified in paragraph (e)(2), (e)(3), (e)(4) 
and (e)(7), of this section, and to any revision specified in Sec. 
412.620(c) by a factor as specified by the Secretary.
    (e) Calculation of the adjusted Federal prospective payment. For 
each discharge, an inpatient rehabilitation facility's Federal 
prospective payment is computed on the basis of the Federal prospective 
payment rate that is in effect for its cost reporting period that begins 
in a Federal fiscal year specified under paragraph (c) of this section. 
A facility's Federal prospective payment rate will be adjusted, as 
appropriate, to account for area wage levels, payments for outliers and 
transfers, and for other factors as follows:
    (1) Adjustment for area wage levels. The labor portion of a 
facility's Federal prospective payment is adjusted to account for 
geographical differences in the area wage levels using an appropriate 
wage index. The application of the wage index is made on the basis of 
the location of the facility in an urban or rural area as defined in 
Sec. 412.602. Adjustments or updates to the wage data used to adjust a 
facility's Federal prospective payment rate under paragraph (e)(1) of 
this section will be made in a budget neutral manner. CMS determines a 
budget neutral wage adjustment factor, based on any adjustment or update 
to the wage data, to apply to the standard payment conversion factor.
    (2) Adjustments for low-income patients. We adjust the Federal 
prospective payment, on a facility basis, for the proportion of low-
income patients that receive inpatient rehabilitation services as 
determined by us.
    (3) Adjustments for rural areas. We adjust the Federal prospective 
payment by a factor, as specified by us for facilities located in rural 
areas, as defined in Sec. 412.602.
    (4) Adjustments for teaching hospitals. For discharges on or after 
October 1, 2005, CMS adjusts the Federal prospective payment on a 
facility basis by a factor as specified by CMS for facilities that are 
teaching institutions or units of teaching institutions. This adjustment 
is made on a claim basis as an interim payment and the final payment in 
full for the claim is made during the final settlement of the cost 
report.
    (5) Adjustment for high-cost outliers. CMS provides for an 
additional payment to an inpatient rehabilitation facility if its 
estimated costs for a patient exceed a fixed dollar amount (adjusted for 
area wage levels and factors to account for treating low-income 
patients, for rural location, and for teaching programs) as specified by 
CMS. The additional payment equals 80 percent of the difference between 
the estimated cost of the patient and the sum of the adjusted Federal 
prospective payment computed under this section and the adjusted fixed 
dollar amount. Effective for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 
2003, additional payments made under this section will be subject to the 
adjustments at Sec. 412.84(i), except that CMS calculates a single 
overall (combined operating and capital) cost-to-charge ratio and 
national averages that will be used instead of statewide averages. 
Effective for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2003, 
additional payments made under this section will also be subject to 
adjustments at Sec. 412.84(m), except that CMS calculates a single 
overall (combined operating and capital) cost-to-charge ratio.
    (6) Adjustments related to the patient assessment instrument. An 
adjustment to a facility's Federal prospective payment amount for a 
given discharge will be made, as specified under Sec. 412.614(d), if 
the transmission of data from a patient assessment instrument is late.
    (7) Adjustments for certain facilities geographically redesignated 
in FY 2006. (i) General. For a facility defined as an urban facility 
under Sec. 412.602 in FY 2006 that was previously defined as a rural 
facility in FY 2005 as the term rural was defined in FY 2005 under Sec. 
412.602 and whose payment, after applying the adjustment under this 
paragraph, will be lower only because of being defined as an urban 
facility in FY 2006 and it no longer qualified for the rural adjustment 
under Sec. 412.624(e)(3) in FY 2006, CMS will adjust the facility's 
payment using the following method:
    (A) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2005, and on or 
before

[[Page 612]]

September 30, 2006, the facility's payment will be increased by an 
adjustment of two thirds of its prior FY 2005 19.14 percent rural 
adjustment.
    (B) For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2006, and on or 
before September 30, 2007, the facility's payment will be increased by 
an adjustment of one third of its FY 2005 19.14 percent rural 
adjustment.
    (ii) Exception. For discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2005 
and on or before September 30, 2007, facilities whose payments, after 
applying the adjustment under this paragraph (e)(7)(i) of this section, 
will be higher because of being defined as an urban facility in FY 2006 
and no longer being qualified for the rural adjustment under Sec. 
412.624(e)(3) in FY 2006, CMS will adjust the facility's payment by a 
portion of the applicable additional adjustment described in paragraph 
(e)(7)(i)(A) and (e)(7)(i)(B) of this section as determined by us.
    (f) Special payment provision for patients that are transferred. (1) 
A facility's Federal prospective payment will be adjusted to account for 
a discharge of a patient who--
    (i) Is transferred from the inpatient rehabilitation facility to 
another site of care, as defined in Sec. 412.602; and
    (ii) Stays in the facility for a number of days that is less than 
the average length of stay for nontransfer cases in the case-mix group 
to which the patient is classified.
    (2) We calculate the adjusted Federal prospective payment for 
patients who are transferred in the following manner:
    (i) By dividing the Federal prospective payment by the average 
length of stay for nontransfer cases in the case-mix group to which the 
patient is classified to equal the payment per day.
    (ii) By multiplying the payment per day under paragraph (f)(2)(i) of 
this section by the number of days the patient stayed in the facility 
prior to being discharged to equal the per day payment amount.
    (iii) By multiplying the payment per day under paragraph (f)(2)(i) 
by 0.5 to equal an additional one half day payment for the first day of 
the stay before the discharge.
    (iv) By adding the per day payment amount under paragraph (f)(2)(ii) 
and the additional one-half day payment under paragraph (f)(2)(iii) to 
equal the unadjusted payment amount.
    (v) By applying the adjustments described in paragraphs (e)(1), 
(e)(2), (e)(3), (e)(4), and (e)(7) of this section to the unadjusted 
payment amount determined in paragraph (f)(2)(iv) of this section to 
equal the adjusted transfer payment amount.
    (g) Special payment provision for interrupted stays. When a patient 
in an inpatient rehabilitation facility has one or more interruptions in 
the stay, as defined in Sec. 412.602 and as indicated on the patient 
assessment instrument in accordance with Sec. 412.618(b), we will make 
payments in the following manner:
    (1) Patient is discharged and returns on the same day. Payment for a 
patient who is discharged and returns to the same inpatient 
rehabilitation facility on the same day will be the adjusted Federal 
prospective payment under paragraph (e) of this section that is based on 
the patient assessment data specified in Sec. 412.618(a)(1). Payment 
for a patient who is discharged and returns to the same inpatient 
rehabilitation facility on the same day will only be made to the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility.
    (2) Patient is discharged and does not return by the end of the same 
day. Payment for a patient who is discharged and does not return on the 
same day but does return to the same inpatient rehabilitation facility 
by or on midnight of the third day, defined as an interrupted stay under 
Sec. 412.602, will be--
    (i) The adjusted Federal prospective payment under paragraph (e) of 
this section that is based on the patient assessment data specified in 
Sec. 412.618(a)(1) made to the inpatient rehabilitation facility; and
    (ii) If the reason for the interrupted patient stay is to receive 
inpatient acute care hospital services, an amount based on the 
prospective payment systems described in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) made to the 
acute care hospital.

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 44077, July 1, 2002; 68 
45700, Aug. 1, 2003; 70 FR 47952, Aug. 15, 2005; 71 FR 48408, Aug. 18, 
2006]

[[Page 613]]



Sec. 412.626  Transition period.

    (a) Duration of transition period and proportion of the blended 
transition rate. (1) Except for a facility that makes an election under 
paragraph (b) of this section, for cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after January 1, 2002 and before October 1, 2002, an inpatient 
rehabilitation facility receives a payment comprised of a blend of the 
adjusted Federal prospective payment, as determined under Sec. 
412.624(e) or Sec. 412.624(f) and a facility-specific payment as 
determined under paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (i) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2002 
and before October 1, 2002, payment is based on 33\1/3\ percent of the 
facility-specific payment and 66\2/3\ percent of the adjusted FY 2002 
Federal prospective payment.
    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2002, payment is based entirely on the adjusted Federal prospective 
payment.
    (2) Calculation of the facility-specific payment. The facility-
specific payment is equal to the payment for each cost reporting period 
in the transition period that would have been made without regard to 
this subpart. The facility's Medicare fiscal intermediary calculates the 
facility-specific payment for inpatient operating costs and capital-
related costs in accordance with part 413 of this chapter.
    (b) Election not to be paid under the transition period methodology. 
An inpatient rehabilitation facility may elect a payment that is based 
entirely on the adjusted Federal prospective payment for cost reporting 
periods beginning before fiscal year 2003 without regard to the 
transition period percentages specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 
section.
    (1) General requirement. An inpatient rehabilitation facility will 
be required to request the election under this paragraph (b) within 30 
days of its first cost reporting period for which payment is based on 
the inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment system for 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2002 and before 
October 1, 2002.
    (2) Notification requirement to make election. The request by the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility to make the election under this 
paragraph (b) must be made in writing to the Medicare fiscal 
intermediary. The intermediary must receive the request on or before the 
30th day before the applicable cost reporting period begins, regardless 
of any postmarks or anticipated delivery dates. Requests received, 
postmarked, or delivered by other means after the 30th day before the 
cost reporting period begins will not be approved. If the 30th day 
before the cost reporting period begins falls on a day that the postal 
service or other delivery sources are not open for business, the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility is responsible for allowing sufficient 
time for the delivery of the request before the deadline. If an 
inpatient rehabilitation facility's request is not received timely or is 
otherwise not approved, payment will be based on the transition period 
rate specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section.

[66 FR 41388, Aug. 7, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 44077, July 1, 2002]



Sec. 412.628  Publication of the Federal prospective payment rates.

    We publish information pertaining to the inpatient rehabilitation 
facility prospective payment system effective for each fiscal year in 
the Federal Register. This information includes the unadjusted Federal 
payment rates, the patient classification system and associated 
weighting factors, and a description of the methodology and data used to 
calculate the payment rates. This information is published on or before 
August 1 prior to the beginning of each fiscal year.



Sec. 412.630  Limitation on review.

    Administrative or judicial review under sections 1869 or 1878 of the 
Act, or otherwise, is prohibited with regard to the establishment of the 
methodology to classify a patient into the case-mix groups and the 
associated weighting factors, the unadjusted Federal per discharge 
payment rates, additional payments for outliers and special payments, 
and the area wage index.

[[Page 614]]



Sec. 412.632  Method of payment under the inpatient rehabilitation facility 
prospective payment system.

    (a) General rule. Subject to the exceptions in paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section, an inpatient rehabilitation facility receives 
payment under this subpart for inpatient operating costs and capital-
related costs for each discharge only following submission of a 
discharge bill.
    (b) Periodic interim payments--(1) Criteria for receiving periodic 
interim payments. (i) An inpatient rehabilitation facility receiving 
payment under this subpart may receive periodic interim payments (PIP) 
for Part A services under the PIP method subject to the provisions of 
Sec. 413.64(h) of this subchapter.
    (ii) To be approved for PIP, the inpatient rehabilitation facility 
must meet the qualifying requirements in Sec. 413.64(h)(3) of this 
subchapter.
    (iii) Payments to a rehabilitation unit are made under the same 
method of payment as the hospital of which it is a part as described in 
Sec. 412.116.
    (iv) As provided in Sec. 413.64(h)(5) of this chapter, intermediary 
approval is conditioned upon the intermediary's best judgment as to 
whether payment can be made under the PIP method without undue risk of 
its resulting in an overpayment to the provider.
    (2) Frequency of payment. For facilities approved for PIP, the 
intermediary estimates the inpatient rehabilitation facility's Federal 
prospective payments net of estimated beneficiary deductibles and 
coinsurance and makes biweekly payments equal to 1/26 of the total 
estimated amount of payment for the year. If the inpatient 
rehabilitation facility has payment experience under the prospective 
payment system, the intermediary estimates PIP based on that payment 
experience, adjusted for projected changes supported by substantiated 
information for the current year. Each payment is made 2 weeks after the 
end of a biweekly period of service as described in Sec. 413.64(h)(6) 
of this subchapter. The interim payments are reviewed at least twice 
during the reporting period and adjusted if necessary. Fewer reviews may 
be necessary if an inpatient rehabilitation facility receives interim 
payments for less than a full reporting period. These payments are 
subject to final settlement.
    (3) Termination of PIP. (i) Request by the inpatient rehabilitation 
facility. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this 
section, an inpatient rehabilitation facility receiving PIP may convert 
to receiving prospective payments on a non-PIP basis at any time.
    (ii) Removal by the intermediary. An intermediary terminates PIP if 
the inpatient rehabilitation facility no longer meets the requirements 
of Sec. 413.64(h) of this chapter.
    (c) Interim payments for Medicare bad debts and for Part A costs not 
paid under the prospective payment system. For Medicare bad debts and 
for costs of an approved education program and other costs paid outside 
the prospective payment system, the intermediary determines the interim 
payments by estimating the reimbursable amount for the year based on the 
previous year's experience, adjusted for projected changes supported by 
substantiated information for the current year, and makes biweekly 
payments equal to 1/26 of the total estimated amount. Each payment is 
made 2 weeks after the end of a biweekly period of service as described 
in Sec. 413.64(h)(6) of this chapter. The interim payments are reviewed 
at least twice during the reporting period and adjusted if necessary. 
Fewer reviews may be necessary if an inpatient rehabilitation facility 
receives interim payments for less than a full reporting period. These 
payments are subject to final cost settlement.
    (d) Outlier payments. Additional payments for outliers are not made 
on an interim basis. The outlier payments are made based on the 
submission of a discharge bill and represent final payment.
    (e) Accelerated payments--(1) General rule. Upon request, an 
accelerated payment may be made to an inpatient rehabilitation facility 
that is receiving payment under this subpart and is not receiving PIP 
under paragraph (b) of this section if the inpatient rehabilitation 
facility is experiencing financial difficulties because of the 
following:

[[Page 615]]

    (i) There is a delay by the intermediary in making payment to the 
inpatient rehabilitation facility.
    (ii) Due to an exceptional situation, there is a temporary delay in 
the inpatient rehabilitation facility's preparation and submittal of 
bills to the intermediary beyond its normal billing cycle.
    (2) Approval of payment. An inpatient rehabilitation facility's 
request for an accelerated payment must be approved by the intermediary 
and us.
    (3) Amount of payment. The amount of the accelerated payment is 
computed as a percentage of the net payment for unbilled or unpaid 
covered services.
    (4) Recovery of payment. Recovery of the accelerated payment is made 
by recoupment as inpatient rehabilitation facility bills are processed 
or by direct payment by the inpatient rehabilitation facility.



PART 413_PRINCIPLES OF REASONABLE COST REIMBURSEMENT; PAYMENT FOR END-STAGE 

RENAL DISEASE SERVICES; PROSPECTIVELY DETERMINED PAYMENT RATES FOR SKILLED 

NURSING FACILITIES--Table of Contents




                Subpart A_Introduction and General Rules

Sec.
413.1 Introduction.
413.5 Cost reimbursement: General.
413.9 Cost related to patient care.
413.13 Amount of payment if customary charges for services furnished are 
          less than reasonable costs.
413.17 Cost to related organizations.

                Subpart B_Accounting Records and Reports

413.20 Financial data and reports.
413.24 Adequate cost data and cost finding.

                 Subpart C_Limits on Cost Reimbursement

413.30 Limitations on payable costs.
413.35 Limitations on coverage of costs: Charges to beneficiaries if 
          cost limits are applied to services.
413.40 Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs.

                         Subpart D_Apportionment

413.50 Apportionment of allowable costs.
413.53 Determination of cost of services to beneficiaries.
413.56 [Reserved]

                     Subpart E_Payments to Providers

413.60 Payments to providers: General.
413.64 Payments to providers: Specific rules.
413.65 Requirements for a determination that a facility or an 
          organization has provider-based status.
413.70 Payment for services of a CAH.
413.74 Payment to a foreign hospital.

                 Subpart F_Specific Categories of Costs

413.75 Direct GME payments: General requirements.
413.76 Direct GME payments: Calculation of payments for GME costs.
413.77 Direct GME payments: Determination of per resident amounts.
413.78 Direct GME payments: Determination of the total number of FTE 
          residents.
413.79 Direct GME payments: Determination of the weighted number of FTE 
          residents.
413.80 Direct GME payments: Determination of weighting factors for 
          foreign medical graduates.
413.81 Direct GME payments: Application of community support and 
          redistribution of costs in determining FTE resident counts.
413.82 Direct GME payments: Special rules for States that formerly had a 
          waiver from Medicare reimbursement principles.
413.83 Direct GME payments: Adjustment of a hospital's target amount or 
          prospective payment hospital-specific rate.
413.85 Cost of approved nursing and allied health education activities.
413.87 Payments for Medicare+Choice nursing and allied health education 
          programs.
413.88 Incentive payments under plans for voluntary reduction in number 
          of medical residents.
413.89 Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances.
413.90 Research costs.
413.92 Costs of surety bonds.
413.94 Value of services of nonpaid workers.
413.98 Purchase discounts and allowances, and refunds of expenses.
413.100 Special treatment of certain accrued costs.
413.102 Compensation of owners.
413.106 Reasonable cost of physical and other therapy services furnished 
          under arrangements.
413.114 Payment for posthospital SNF care furnished by a swing-bed 
          hospital.
413.118 Payment for facility services related to covered ASC surgical 
          procedures performed in hospitals on an outpatient basis.

[[Page 616]]

413.122 Payment for hospital outpatient radiology services and other 
          diagnostic procedures.
413.123 Payment for screening mammography performed by hospitals on an 
          outpatient basis.
413.124 Reduction to hospital outpatient operating costs.
413.125 Payment for home health agency services.

                     Subpart G_Capital-Related Costs

413.130 Introduction to capital-related costs.
413.134 Depreciation: Allowance for depreciation based on asset costs.
413.139 Depreciation: Optional allowance for depreciation based on a 
          percentage of operating costs.
413.144 Depreciation: Allowance for depreciation on fully depreciated or 
          partially depreciated assets.
413.149 Depreciation: Allowance for depreciation on assets financed with 
          Federal or public funds.
413.153 Interest expense.
413.157 Return on equity capital of proprietary providers.

Subpart H_Payment for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Services and Organ 
                            Procurement Costs

413.170 Scope.
413.172 Principles of prospective payment.
413.174 Prospective rates for hospital-based and independent ESRD 
          facilities.
413.176 Amount of payments.
413.178 Bad debts.
413.180 Procedures for requesting exceptions to payment rates.
413.182 Criteria for approval of exception requests.
413.184 Payment exception: Atypical service intensity (patient mix).
413.186 Payment exception: Self-dialysis training costs.
413.194 Appeals.
413.196 Notification of changes in rate-setting methodologies and 
          payment rates.
413.198 Recordkeeping and cost reporting requirements for outpatient 
          maintenance dialysis.
413.200 Payment of independent organ procurement organizations and 
          histocompatibility laboratories.
413.202 Organ procurement organization (OPO) cost for kidneys sent to 
          foreign countries or transplanted in patients other than 
          Medicare beneficiaries.
413.203 Transplant center costs for organs sent to foreign countries or 
          transplanted in patients other than Medicare beneficiaries.

Subpart I_Prospectively Determined Payment Rates for Low-Volume Skilled 
 Nursing Facilities, for Cost Reporting Periods Beginning Prior to July 
                                 1, 1998

413.300 Basis and scope.
413.302 Definitions.
413.304 Eligibility for prospectively determined payment rates.
413.308 Rules governing election of prospectively determined payment 
          rates.
413.310 Basis of payment.
413.312 Methodology for calculating rates.
413.314 Determining payment amounts: Routine per diem rate.
413.316 Determining payment amounts: Ancillary services.
413.320 Publication of prospectively determined payment rates or 
          amounts.
413.321 Simplified cost reports for SNFs.

      Subpart J_Prospective Payment for Skilled Nursing Facilities

413.330 Basis and scope.
413.333 Definitions.
413.335 Basis of payment.
413.337 Methodology for calculating the prospective payment rates.
413.340 Transition period.
413.343 Resident assessment data.
413.345 Publication of Federal prospective payment rates.
413.348 Limitation on review.
413.350 Periodic interim payments for skilled nursing facilities 
          receiving payment under the skilled nursing facility 
          prospective payment system for Part A services.
413.355 Additional payment: QIO photocopy and mailing costs.

    Authority: Secs. 1102, 1812(d), 1814(b), 1815, 1833(a), (i), and 
(n), 1861(v), 1871, 1881, 1883, and 1886 of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1302, 1395d(d), 1395f(b), 1395g, 1395l(a), (i), and (n), 
1395x(v), 1395hh, 1395rr, 1395tt, and 1395ww); and sec. 124 of Pub. L. 
106-133 (113 Stat. 1501A-332).

    Source: 51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, unless otherwise noted.



                Subpart A_Introduction and General Rules



Sec. 413.1  Introduction.

    (a) Basis, scope, and applicability--(1) Statutory basis--(i) Basic 
provisions. (A) Section 1815 of the Act requires that the Secretary make 
interim payments to providers and periodically determine the amount that 
should be paid under

[[Page 617]]

Part A of Medicare to each provider for the services it furnishes.
    (B) Section 1814(b) of the Act (for Part A) and section 1833(a) (for 
Part B) provide for payment on the basis of the lesser of a provider's 
reasonable costs or customary charges.
    (C) Section 1861(v) of the Act defines ``reasonable cost''.
    (ii) Additional provisions. (A) Section 1138(b) of the Act specifies 
the conditions for Medicare payment for organ procurement costs.
    (B) Section 1814(j) of the Act provides for exceptions to the 
``lower of costs or charges'' provisions.
    (C) Sections 1815(a) and 1833(e) of the Act provide the Secretary 
with authority to request information from providers to determine the 
amount of Medicare payment due providers.
    (D) Section 1833(a)(4) and (i)(3) of the Act provide for payment of 
a blended amount for certain surgical services furnished in a hospital's 
outpatient department.
    (E) Section 1833(n) of the Act provides for payment of a blended 
amount for outpatient hospital diagnostic procedures such as radiology.
    (F) Section 1834(c)(1)(C) of the Act establishes the method for 
determining Medicare payment for screening mammograms performed by 
hospitals.
    (G) Section 1834(g) of the Act provides that payment for critical 
access hospital (CAH) outpatient services is the reasonable costs of the 
CAH in providing these services, as determined in accordance with 
section 1861(v)(1)(A) of the Act and the applicable principles of cost 
reimbursement in this part and in part 415 of this chapter.
    (H) Section 1881 of the Act authorizes payment for services 
furnished to ESRD patients.
    (I) Section 1883 of the Act provides for payment for post-hospital 
SNF care furnished by a rural hospital that has swing-bed approval.
    (J) Sections 1886(a) and (b) of the Act impose a ceiling on the rate 
of increase in hospital inpatient costs.
    (K) Section 1886(h) of the Act provides for payment to a hospital 
for the services of interns and residents in approved teaching programs 
on the basis of a ``per resident'' amount.
    (2) Scope. This part sets forth regulations governing Medicare 
payment for services furnished to beneficiaries by--
    (i) Hospitals and critical access hospitals (CAHs);
    (ii) Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs);
    (iii) Home health agencies (HHAs);
    (iv) Comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities (CORFs);
    (v) End-stage renal disease (ESRD) facilities;
    (vi) Providers of outpatient physical therapy and speech pathology 
services (OPTs); and
    (vii) Organ procurement agencies (OPAs) and histocompatibility 
laboratories.
    (3) Applicability. The payment principles and related policies set 
forth in this part are binding on CMS and its fiscal intermediaries, on 
the Provider Reimbursement Review Board, and on the entities listed in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (b) Reasonable cost reimbursement. Except as provided under 
paragraphs (c) through (h) of this section, Medicare is generally 
required, under section 1814(b) of the Act (for services covered under 
Part A) and under section 1833(a)(2) of the Act (for services covered 
under Part B) to pay for services furnished by providers on the basis of 
reasonable costs as defined in section 1861(v) of the Act, or the 
provider's customary charges for those services, if lower. Regulations 
implementing section 1861(v) are found generally in this part beginning 
at Sec. 413.5.
    (c) Outpatient maintenance dialysis and related services. Section 
1881 of the Act authorizes special rules for the coverage of and payment 
for services furnished to ESRD patients. Sections 413.170 and 413.174 
implement various provisions of section 1881. In particular, Sec. 
413.170 establishes a prospective payment method for outpatient 
maintenance dialysis services that applies both to hospital-based and 
independent ESRD facilities, and under which Medicare pays for both home 
and infacility dialysis services furnished on or after August 1, 1983.
    (d) Payment for inpatient hospital services. (1) For cost reporting 
periods beginning before October 1, 1983, the amount paid for inpatient 
hospital

[[Page 618]]

services is determined on a reasonable cost basis.
    (2) Payment to short-term general hospitals located in the 50 States 
and the District of Columbia for the operating costs of hospital 
inpatient services for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1983, and for the capital-related costs of inpatient services 
for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1991, are 
determined prospectively on a per discharge basis under part 412 of this 
chapter except as follows:
    (i) Payment for capital-related costs for cost reporting periods 
beginning before October 1, 1991, medical education costs, kidney 
acquisition costs, and the costs of certain anesthesia services, is 
described in Sec. 412.113 of this chapter.
    (ii) Payment to children's hospitals that are excluded from the 
prospective payment systems under subpart B of part 412 of this chapter, 
and hospitals outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia is on a 
reasonable cost basis, subject to the provisions of Sec. 413.40.
    (iii) Payment to hospitals subject to a State reimbursement control 
system is described in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (iv) For cost reporting periods beginning before January 1, 2005, 
payment to psychiatric hospitals (as well as separate psychiatric units 
(distinct parts) of short-term general hospitals) that are excluded 
under subpart B of part 412 of this chapter from the prospective payment 
system is on a reasonable cost basis, subject to the provisions of Sec. 
413.40.
    (v) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2005, payment to inpatient psychiatric facilities that meet the 
conditions of Sec. 412.404 of this chapter, is made under the 
prospective payment system described in subpart N of part 412 of this 
chapter.
    (vi) For cost reporting periods beginning before January 1, 2002, 
payment to rehabilitation hospitals (as well as separate rehabilitation 
units (distinct parts) of short-term general hospitals), that are 
excluded under subpart B of part 412 of this subchapter from the 
prospective payment systems is made on a reasonable cost basis, subject 
to the provisions of Sec. 413.40.
    (vii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2002, payment to rehabilitation hospitals (as well as separate 
rehabilitation units (distinct parts) of short-term general hospitals) 
that meet the conditions of Sec. 412.604 of this chapter is based on 
prospectively determined rates under subpart P of part 412 of this 
subchapter.
    (viii) For cost reporting periods beginning before October 1, 2002, 
payment to long-term care hospitals that are excluded under subpart B of 
Part 412 of this subchapter from the prospective payment systems is on a 
reasonable cost basis, subject to the provisions of Sec. 413.40.
    (ix) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2002, payment to the long-term hospitals that meet the condition for 
payment of Sec. Sec. 412.505 through 412.511 of this subchapter is 
based on prospectively determined rates under subpart O of Part 412 of 
this subchapter.
    (e) State reimbursement control systems. Beginning October 1, 1983, 
Medicare reimbursement for inpatient hospital services may be made in 
accordance with a State reimbursement control system rather than under 
the Medicare reimbursement principles set forth in this part, if the 
State system is approved by CMS. Regulations implementing this 
alternative reimbursement authority are set forth in subpart C of part 
403 of this chapter.
    (f) Services of qualified nonphysician anesthetists. For cost 
reporting periods, or any part of a cost reporting period, beginning on 
or after January 1, 1989, costs incurred for the services of qualified 
nonphysician anesthetists are not paid on a reasonable cost basis unless 
the provisions of Sec. 412.113(c)(2) of this chapter apply. These 
services are paid under the special rules set forth in Sec. 405.553 of 
this chapter.
    (g) Payment for services furnished in SNFs. (1) Except as specified 
in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section, the amount paid for services 
furnished in cost reporting periods beginning before July 1, 1998, is 
determined on a reasonable cost basis or, where applicable, in 
accordance with the prospectively determined payment rates for low-
volume SNFs established under section

[[Page 619]]

1888(d) of the Act, as set forth in subpart I of this part.
    (2) The amount paid for services (other than those described in 
Sec. 411.15(p)(2) of this chapter)--
    (i) That are furnished in cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after July 1, 1998, to a resident who is in a covered Part A stay, is 
determined in accordance with the prospectively determined payment rates 
for SNFs established under section 1888(e) of the Act, as set forth in 
subpart J of this part.
    (ii) That are furnished on or after July 1, 1998, to a resident who 
is not in a covered Part A stay, is determined in accordance with any 
applicable Part B fee schedule or, for a particular item or service to 
which no fee schedule applies, by using the existing payment methodology 
utilized under Part B for such item or service.
    (h) Payment for services furnished by HHAs. The amount paid for home 
health services as defined in section 1861(m) of the Act (except durable 
medical equipment and the covered osteoporosis drug as provided for in 
that section) that are furnished beginning on or after October 1, 2000 
to an eligible beneficiary under a home health plan of care is 
determined according to the prospectively determined payment rates for 
HHAs set forth in part 484, subpart E of this chapter.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 33898, July 31, 1992; 
57 FR 39829, Sept. 1, 1992; 58 FR 30670, May 26, 1993; 59 FR 6578, Feb. 
11, 1994; 60 FR 33136, June 27, 1995; 60 FR 37594, July 21, 1995; 60 FR 
50441, Sept. 29, 1995; 62 FR 31, Jan. 2, 1997; 62 FR 46032, 46037, Aug. 
29, 1997; 63 FR 26309, May 12, 1998; 65 FR 18537, Apr. 7, 2000; 65 FR 
40535, June 30, 2000; 65 FR 41211, July 3, 2000; 65 FR 46796, July 31, 
2000; 66 FR 41394, Aug. 7, 2001; 67 FR 44077, July 1, 2002; 67 FR 56055, 
Aug. 30, 2002; 69 FR 66981, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 413.5  Cost reimbursement: General.

    (a) In formulating methods for making fair and equitable 
reimbursement for services rendered beneficiaries of the program, 
payment is to be made on the basis of current costs of the individual 
provider, rather than costs of a past period or a fixed negotiated rate. 
All necessary and proper expenses of an institution in the production of 
services, including normal standby costs, are recognized. Furthermore, 
the share of the total institutional cost that is borne by the program 
is related to the care furnished beneficiaries so that no part of their 
cost would need to be borne by other patients. Conversely, costs 
attributable to other patients of the institution are not to be borne by 
the program. Thus, the application of this approach, with appropriate 
accounting support, will result in meeting actual costs of services to 
beneficiaries as such costs vary from institution to institution. 
However, payments to providers of services for services furnished 
Medicare beneficiaries are subject to the provisions of Sec. Sec. 
413.13 and 413.30.
    (b) Putting these several points together, certain tests have been 
evolved for the principles of reimbursement and certain goals have been 
established that they should be designed to accomplish. In general 
terms, these are the tests or objectives:
    (1) That the methods of reimbursement should result in current 
payment so that institutions will not be disadvantaged, as they 
sometimes are under other arrangements, by having to put up money for 
the purchase of goods and services well before they receive 
reimbursement.
    (2) That, in addition to current payment, there should be 
retroactive adjustment so that increases in costs are taken fully into 
account as they actually occurred, not just prospectively.
    (3) That there be a division of the allowable costs between the 
beneficiaries of this program and the other patients of the provider 
that takes account of the actual use of services by the beneficiaries of 
this program and that is fair to each provider individually.
    (4) That there be sufficient flexibility in the methods of 
reimbursement to be used, particularly at the beginning of the program, 
to take account of the great differences in the present state of 
development of recordkeeping.
    (5) That the principles should result in the equitable treatment of 
both nonprofit organizations and profit-making organizations.
    (6) That there should be a recognition of the need of hospitals and 
other providers to keep pace with growing needs and to make 
improvements.

[[Page 620]]

    (c) As formulated herein, the principles given recognition to such 
factors as depreciation, interest, bad debts, educational costs, 
compensation of owners, and an allowance for a reasonable return on 
equity capital (in the case of certain proprietary providers). With 
respect to allowable costs some items of inclusion and exclusion are:
    (1) An appropriate part of the net cost of approved educational 
activities will be included.
    (2) Costs incurred for research purposes, over and above usual 
patient care, will not be included.
    (3) [Reserved]
    (4) The value of services provided by nonpaid workers, as members of 
an organization (including services of members of religious orders) 
having an agreement with the provider to furnish such services, is 
includable in the amount that would be paid others for similar work.
    (5) Discounts and allowances received on the purchase of goods or 
services are reductions of the cost to which they relate.
    (6) Bad debts growing out of the failure of a beneficiary to pay the 
deductible, or the coinsurance, will be reimbursed (after bona fide 
efforts at collection).
    (7) Charity and courtesy allowances are not includable, although 
``fringe benefit'' allowances for employees under a formal plan will be 
includable as part of their compensation.
    (8) A reasonable allowance of compensation for the services of 
owners in profitmaking organizations will be allowed providing their 
services are actually performed in a necessary function.
    (9) Reasonable cost of physicians' direct medical and surgical 
services (including supervision of interns and residents in the care of 
individual patients) furnished in a teaching hospital may be reimbursed 
as a provider cost (as described in Sec. 415.162 of this chapter) if 
elected as provided for in Sec. 415.160 of this chapter.
    (d) In developing these principles of reimbursement for the Medicare 
program, all of the considerations inherent in allowances for 
depreciation were studied. The principles, as presented, provide options 
to meet varied situations. Depreciation will essentially be on an 
historical cost basis but since many institutions do not have adequate 
records of old assets, the principles provide an optional allowance in 
lieu of such depreciation for assets acquired before 1966. For assets 
acquired after 1965, the historical cost basis must be used. All assets 
actually in use for production of services for Medicare beneficiaries 
will be recognized even though they may have been fully or partially 
depreciated for other purposes. Assets financed with public funds may be 
depreciated. Although funding of depreciation is not required, there is 
an incentive for it since income from funded depreciation is not 
considered as an offset which must be taken to reduce the interest 
expense that is allowable as a program cost.
    (e) A return on the equity capital of proprietary facilities, as 
described in Sec. 413.157, is an allowance in addition to the 
reasonable cost of covered services furnished to beneficiaries.
    (f) Renal dialysis items and services furnished under the ESRD 
provision are reimbursed and reported under Sec. Sec. 413.170 and 
413.174 respectively. For special rules concerning health maintenance 
organizations (HMOs), and providers of services and other health care 
facilities that are owned or operated by an HMO, or related to an HMO by 
common ownership or control, see Sec. Sec. 417.242(b)(14) and 
417.250(c) of this chapter.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986; 51 FR 37398, Oct. 22, 1986, as amended at 
52 FR 21225, June 4, 1987; 52 FR 23398, June 19, 1987; 57 FR 39829, 
Sept. 1, 1992; 60 FR 63189, Dec. 8, 1995; 61 FR 63748, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 413.9  Cost related to patient care.

    (a) Principle. All payments to providers of services must be based 
on the reasonable cost of services covered under Medicare and related to 
the care of beneficiaries. Reasonable cost includes all necessary and 
proper costs incurred in furnishing the services, subject to principles 
relating to specific items of revenue and cost. However, for cost 
reporting periods beginning after December 31, 1973, payments to 
providers of services are based on the lesser of the reasonable cost of 
services covered under Medicare and furnished to program beneficiaries 
or

[[Page 621]]

the customary charges to the general public for such services, as 
provided for in Sec. 413.13.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Reasonable cost. Reasonable cost of any 
services must be determined in accordance with regulations establishing 
the method or methods to be used, and the items to be included. The 
regulations in this part take into account both direct and indirect 
costs of providers of services. The objective is that under the methods 
of determining costs, the costs with respect to individuals covered by 
the program will not be borne by individuals not so covered, and the 
costs with respect to individuals not so covered will not be borne by 
the program. These regulations also provide for the making of suitable 
retroactive adjustments after the provider has submitted fiscal and 
statistical reports. The retroactive adjustment will represent the 
difference between the amount received by the provider during the year 
for covered services from both Medicare and the beneficiaries and the 
amount determined in accordance with an accepted method of cost 
apportionment to be the actual cost of services furnished to 
beneficiaries during the year.
    (2) Necessary and proper costs. Necessary and proper costs are costs 
that are appropriate and helpful in developing and maintaining the 
operation of patient care facilities and activities. They are usually 
costs that are common and accepted occurrences in the field of the 
provider's activity.
    (c) Application. (1) It is the intent of Medicare that payments to 
providers of services should be fair to the providers, to the 
contributors to the Medicare trust funds, and to other patients.
    (2) The costs of providers' services vary from one provider to 
another and the variations generally reflect differences in scope of 
services and intensity of care. The provision in Medicare for payment of 
reasonable cost of services is intended to meet the actual costs, 
however widely they may vary from one institution to another. This is 
subject to a limitation if a particular institution's costs are found to 
be substantially out of line with other institutions in the same area 
that are similar in size, scope of services, utilization, and other 
relevant factors.
    (3) The determination of reasonable cost of services must be based 
on cost related to the care of Medicare beneficiaries. Reasonable cost 
includes all necessary and proper expenses incurred in furnishing 
services, such as administrative costs, maintenance costs, and premium 
payments for employee health and pension plans. It includes both direct 
and indirect costs and normal standby costs. However, if the provider's 
operating costs include amounts not related to patient care, 
specifically not reimbursable under the program, or flowing from the 
provision of luxury items or services (that is, those items or services 
substantially in excess of or more expensive than those generally 
considered necessary for the provision of needed health services), such 
amounts will not be allowable. The reasonable cost basis of 
reimbursement contemplates that the providers of services would be 
reimbursed the actual costs of providing quality care however widely the 
actual costs may vary from provider to provider and from time to time 
for the same provider.

[51 FR 34795, Sept. 30, 1986; 51 FR 37398, Oct. 22, 1986]



Sec. 413.13  Amount of payment if customary charges for services furnished 
are less than reasonable costs.

    (a) Definitions. As used in this section--
    Customary charges means the regular rates that providers charge both 
beneficiaries and other paying patients for the services furnished to 
them.
    Fair compensation means the reasonable cost of covered services.
    Nominal charge means a charge equal to 60 percent or less of the 
reasonable cost of a service.
    Public provider means a provider operated by a Federal, State, 
county, city, or other local government agency or instrumentality.
    Reasonable cost means cost actually incurred, to the extent that 
cost is necessary for the efficient delivery of the service, and subject 
to the exclusions specified in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) Application of the lesser of costs or charges (LCC) principle.--
(1) General

[[Page 622]]

rule. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, CMS pays 
providers the lesser of the reasonable cost or the customary charges for 
services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries. Reasonable cost and 
customary charges are compared separately for Part A services and Part B 
services.
    (2) Example. (i) A provider's reasonable cost for covered services 
furnished to Medicare beneficiaries during a cost reporting period is 
$125,000.
    (ii) The provider's customary charges for those services is 
$110,000.
    (iii) CMS pays the provider $110,000 less the deductible and 
coinsurance amounts for which the beneficiaries are responsible.
    (c) Exceptions to the LCC principle--(1) Providers not subject to 
the LCC principle. CMS pays the following providers the fair 
compensation for the services they furnish:
    (i) CORFs.
    (ii) Public providers that furnish services free of charge or at a 
nominal charge.
    (iii) Any provider that requests payment of fair compensation and 
can demonstrate to its intermediary that a significant portion of its 
patients are low income and that its charges are less than costs because 
its customary practice is to charge patients on the basis of their 
ability to pay.
    (2) Services not subject to the LCC principle. The following 
services are not subject to the LCC principle:
    (i) Part A inpatient hospital services. Inpatient hospital services 
are not subject to the LCC principle if they are subject to either of 
the following:
    (A) The prospective payment system under part 412 of this chapter.
    (B) The rate of increase limits set forth in Sec. 413.40.
    (ii) Facility services related to ambulatory surgical procedures 
performed in outpatient hospital departments. Facility services related 
to ambulatory surgical procedures performed in hospital outpatient 
departments are subject to the payment methodology set forth in Sec. 
413.118.
    (iii) Services furnished by a critical access hospital (CAH). 
Inpatient and outpatient services furnished by a CAH are subject to the 
payment methodology set forth in Sec. 413.70.
    (iv) Hospital outpatient radiology services. Hospital outpatient 
radiology services are subject to the payment methodology set forth in 
Sec. 413.122.
    (v) Other diagnostic procedures performed by a hospital on an 
outpatient basis. Other outpatient diagnostic procedures are subject to 
the payment methodology set forth in Sec. 413.122.
    (vi) Skilled nursing facility services. Skilled nursing facility 
services subject to the payment methodology set forth in Sec. Sec. 
413.330 et seq.
    (d) Exclusions from reasonable cost. For purposes of comparison with 
customary charges under this section, reasonable cost does not include 
the following:
    (1) Payments made to a provider as reimbursement for bad debts 
arising from noncollection of Medicare deductible and coinsurance 
amounts, as provided in Sec. 413.89.
    (2) Amounts that represent the recovery of excess depreciation 
resulting from termination from the Medicare program or a decrease in 
Medicare utilization applicable to prior cost reporting periods, as 
provided in Sec. 413.134.
    (3) Amounts that result from disposition of depreciable assets, 
applicable to prior cost reporting periods, as provided in Sec. 
413.134.
    (4) Payments to funds for the donated services of teaching 
physicians, as provided in Sec. 413.85.
    (5) Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2)(iii) of this section for 
making nominal charge determinations in special situations, graduate 
medical education costs.
    (e) Reductions in customary charges. Customary charges are reduced 
in proportion to the ratio of the aggregate amount actually collected 
from charge-paying non-Medicare patients to the amount that would have 
been realized had customary charges been paid, if the provider--
    (1) Did not actually impose charges on most of the patients liable 
for payment for its services on a charge basis; or
    (2) Failed to make a reasonable effort to collect those charges.
    (f) Nominal charge determinations. In determining whether a 
provider's customary charges equal 60 percent or less

[[Page 623]]

of its reasonable costs, the following rules apply:
    (1) General rule. The determination is based on charges actually 
billed to charge-paying, non-Medicare patients, and (except for clinical 
diagnostic laboratory tests that are paid under section 1833(h) of the 
Act) is made separately for Part A services and Part B services.
    (2) Determination in special situations. (i) Charges based on 
ability to pay. For providers that have a sliding scale or discounted 
charges based on patients' ability to pay, the determination--
    (A) Is based on charges billed to all charge-paying patients;
    (B) Uses the ratio of the sliding scale charges to the provider's 
full customary charges; and
    (C) Applies the ratio to the discounted charges to equate those 
charges to customary charges.
    (ii) HHA services. In determining nominal charges for HHAs, all Part 
A and Part B services, with the exception of DME, are considered 
together.
    (iii) Graduate medical education. When making the nominal charge 
determination, graduate medical education payments (or the provider's 
reasonable costs for that education, if supported by appropriate data) 
are included in reasonable costs.

[65 FR 8661, Feb. 22, 2000, as amended at 70 FR 47487, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 413.17  Cost to related organizations.

    (a) Principle. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, 
costs applicable to services, facilities, and supplies furnished to the 
provider by organizations related to the provider by common ownership or 
control are includable in the allowable cost of the provider at the cost 
to the related organization. However, such cost must not exceed the 
price of comparable services, facilities, or supplies that could be 
purchased elsewhere.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Related to the provider. Related to the 
provider means that the provider to a significant extent is associated 
or affiliated with or has control of or is controlled by the 
organization furnishing the services, facilities, or supplies.
    (2) Common ownership. Common ownership exists if an individual or 
individuals possess significant ownership or equity in the provider and 
the institution or organization serving the provider.
    (3) Control. Control exists if an individual or an organization has 
the power, directly or indirectly, significantly to influence or direct 
the actions or policies of an organization or institution.
    (c) Application. (1) Individuals and organizations associate with 
others for various reasons and by various means. Some deem it 
appropriate to do so to assure a steady flow of supplies or services, to 
reduce competition, to gain a tax advantage, to extend influence, and 
for other reasons. These goals may be accomplished by means of ownership 
or control, by financial assistance, by management assistance, and other 
ways.
    (2) If the provider obtains items of services, facilities, or 
supplies from an organization, even though it is a separate legal 
entity, and the organization is owned or controlled by the owner(s) of 
the provider, in effect the items are obtained from itself. An example 
would be a corporation building a hospital or a nursing home and then 
leasing it to another corporation controlled by the owner. Therefore, 
reimbursable cost should include the costs for these items at the cost 
to the supplying organization. However, if the price in the open market 
for comparable services, facilities, or supplies is lower than the cost 
to the supplier, the allowable cost to the provider may not exceed the 
market price.
    (d) Exception. (1) An exception is provided to this general 
principle if the provider demonstrates by convincing evidence to the 
satisfaction of the fiscal intermediary (or, if the provider has not 
nominated a fiscal intermediary, CMS), that--
    (i) The supplying organization is a bona fide separate organization;
    (ii) A substantial part of its business activity of the type carried 
on with the provider is transacted with others than the provider and 
organizations related to the supplier by common ownership or control and 
there is an open, competitive market for the type of services, 
facilities, or supplies furnished by the organization;

[[Page 624]]

    (iii) The services, facilities, or supplies are those that commonly 
are obtained by institutions such as the provider from other 
organizations and are not a basic element of patient care ordinarily 
furnished directly to patients by such institutions; and
    (iv) The charge to the provider is in line with the charge for such 
services, facilities, or supplies in the open market and no more than 
the charge made under comparable circumstances to others by the 
organization for such services, facilities, or supplies.
    (2) In such cases, the charge by the supplier to the provider for 
such services, facilities, or supplies is allowable as cost.



                Subpart B_Accounting Records and Reports



Sec. 413.20  Financial data and reports.

    (a) General. The principles of cost reimbursement require that 
providers maintain sufficient financial records and statistical data for 
proper determination of costs payable under the program. Standardized 
definitions, accounting, statistics, and reporting practices that are 
widely accepted in the hospital and related fields are followed. Changes 
in these practices and systems will not be required in order to 
determine costs payable under the principles of reimbursement. 
Essentially the methods of determining costs payable under Medicare 
involve making use of data available from the institution's basis 
accounts, as usually maintained, to arrive at equitable and proper 
payment for services to beneficiaries.
    (b) Frequency of cost reports. Cost reports are required from 
providers on an annual basis with reporting periods based on the 
provider's accounting year. In the interpretation and application of the 
principles of reimbursement, the fiscal intermediaries will be an 
important source of consultative assistance to providers and will be 
available to deal with questions and problems on a day-to-day basis.
    (c) Recordkeeping requirements for new providers. A newly 
participating provider of services (as defined in Sec. 400.202 of this 
chapter) must make available to its selected intermediary for 
examination its fiscal and other records for the purpose of determining 
such provider's ongoing recordkeeping capability and inform the 
intermediary of the date its initial Medicare cost reporting period 
ends. This examination is intended to assure that--
    (1) The provider has an adequate ongoing system for furnishing the 
records needed to provide accurate cost data and other information 
capable of verification by qualified auditors and adequate for cost 
reporting purposes under section 1815 of the Act; and
    (2) No financial arrangements exist that will thwart the commitment 
of the Medicare program to reimburse providers the reasonable cost of 
services furnished beneficiaries. The data and information to be 
examined include cost, revenue, statistical, and other information 
pertinent to reimbursement including, but not limited to, that described 
in paragraph (d) of this section and in Sec. 413.24.
    (d) Continuing provider recordkeeping requirements. (1) The provider 
must furnish such information to the intermediary as may be necessary 
to--
    (i) Assure proper payment by the program, including the extent to 
which there is any common ownership or control (as described in Sec. 
413.17(b)(2) and (3)) between providers or other organizations, and as 
may be needed to identify the parties responsible for submitting program 
cost reports;
    (ii) Receive program payments; and
    (iii) Satisfy program overpayment determinations.
    (2) The provider must permit the intermediary to examine such 
records and documents as are necessary to ascertain information 
pertinent to the determination of the proper amount of program payments 
due. These records include, but are not limited to, matters pertaining 
to--
    (i) Provider ownership, organization, and operation;
    (ii) Fiscal, medical, and other recordkeeping systems;
    (iii) Federal income tax status;
    (iv) Asset acquisition, lease, sale, or other action;
    (v) Franchise or management arrangements;
    (vi) Patient service charge schedules;
    (vii) Costs of operation;

[[Page 625]]

    (viii) Amounts of income received by source and purpose; and
    (ix) Flow of funds and working capital.
    (3) The provider, upon request, must furnish the intermediary copies 
of patient service charge schedules and changes thereto as they are put 
into effect. The intermediary will evaluate such charge schedules to 
determine the extent to which they may be used for determining program 
payment.
    (e) Suspension of program payments to a provider. If an intermediary 
determines that a provider does not maintain or no longer maintains 
adequate records for the determination of reasonable cost under the 
Medicare program, payments to such provider will be suspended until the 
intermediary is assured that adequate records are maintained. Before 
suspending payments to a provider, the intermediary will, in accordance 
with the provisions in Sec. 405.372(a) of this chapter, send written 
notice to such provider of its intent to suspend payments. The notice 
will explain the basis for the intermediary's determination with respect 
to the provider's records and will identify the provider's recordkeeping 
deficiencies. The provider must be given the opportunity, in accordance 
with Sec. 405.372(b) of this chapter, to submit a statement (including 
any pertinent evidence) as to why the suspension must not be put into 
effect.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 61 FR 63749, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 413.24  Adequate cost data and cost finding.

    (a) Principle. Providers receiving payment on the basis of 
reimbursable cost must provide adequate cost data. This must be based on 
their financial and statistical records which must be capable of 
verification by qualified auditors. The cost data must be based on an 
approved method of cost finding and on the accrual basis of accounting.

However, if governmental institutions operate on a cash basis of 
accounting, cost data based on such basis of accounting will be 
acceptable, subject to appropriate treatment of capital expenditures.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Cost finding. Cost finding is the process of 
recasting the data derived from the accounts ordinarily kept by a 
provider to ascertain costs of the various types of services furnished. 
It is the determination of these costs by the allocation of direct costs 
and proration of indirect costs.
    (2) Accrual basis of accounting. As used in this part, the term 
accrual basis of accounting means that revenue is reported in the period 
in which it is earned, regardless of when it is collected; and an 
expense is reported in the period in which it is incurred, regardless of 
when it is paid. (See Sec. 413.100 regarding limitations on allowable 
accrued costs in situations in which the related liabilities are not 
liquidated timely.)
    (c) Adequacy of cost information. Adequate cost information must be 
obtained from the provider's records to support payments made for 
services furnished to beneficiaries. The requirement of adequacy of data 
implies that the data be accurate and in sufficient detail to accomplish 
the purposes for which it is intended. Adequate data capable of being 
audited is consistent with good business concepts and effective and 
efficient management of any organization, whether it is operated for 
profit or on a nonprofit basis. It is a reasonable expectation on the 
part of any agency paying for services on a cost-reimbursement basis. In 
order to provide the required cost data and not impair comparability, 
financial and statistical records should be maintained in a manner 
consistent from one period to another. However, a proper regard for 
consistency need not preclude a desirable change in accounting 
procedures if there is reason to effect such change.
    (d) Cost finding methods. After the close of the accounting period, 
providers must use one of the following methods of cost finding to 
determine the actual costs of services furnished during that period. 
(These provisions do not apply to SNFs that elect and qualify for 
prospectively determined payment rates under subpart I of this part for 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1986. For the 
special rules that are applicable to

[[Page 626]]

those SNFs, see Sec. 413.321.) For cost reporting periods beginning 
after December 31, 1971, providers using the departmental method of cost 
apportionment must use the step-down method described in paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section or an ``other method'' described in paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section. For cost reporting periods beginning after 
December 31, 1971, providers using the combination method of cost 
apportionment must use the modified cost finding method described in 
paragraph (d)(3) of this section. Effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1980, HHAs not based in hospitals or 
SNFs must use the step-down method described in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section. (HHAs based in hospitals or SNFs must use the method applicable 
to the parent institution.) However, an HHA not based in a hospital or 
SNF that received less than $35,000 in Medicare payment for the 
immediately preceding cost reporting period, and for whom this payment 
represented less than 50 percent of the total operating cost of the 
agency, may use a simplified version of the step-down method, as 
specified in instructions for the cost report issued by CMS.
    (1) Step-down Method. This method recognizes that services furnished 
by certain nonrevenue-producing departments or centers are utilized by 
certain other nonrevenue-producing centers as well as by the revenue-
producing centers. All costs of nonrevenue-producing centers are 
allocated to all centers that they serve, regardless of whether or not 
these centers produce revenue. The cost of the nonrevenue-producing 
center serving the greatest number of other centers, while receiving 
benefits from the least number of centers, is apportioned first. 
Following the apportionment of the cost of the nonrevenue-producing 
center, that center will be considered ``closed'' and no further costs 
are apportioned to that center. This applies even though it may have 
received some service from a center whose cost is apportioned later. 
Generally, if two centers furnish services to an equal number of centers 
while receiving benefits from an equal number, that center which has the 
greatest amount of expense should be allocated first.
    (2) Other methods. (i) The double-apportionment method. The double-
apportionment method may be used by a provider upon approval of the 
intermediary. This method also recognizes that the nonrevenue-producing 
departments or centers furnish services to other nonrevenue-producing 
centers as well as to revenue-producing centers. A preliminary 
allocation of the costs of non-revenue-producing centers is made. These 
centers or departments are not ``closed'' after this preliminary 
allocation. Instead, they remain ``open,'' accumulating a portion of the 
costs of all other centers from which services are received. Thus, after 
the first or preliminary allocation, some costs will remain in each 
center representing services received from other centers. The first or 
preliminary allocation is followed by a second or final apportionment of 
expenses involving the allocation of all costs remaining in the 
nonrevenue-producing functions directly to revenue-producing centers.
    (ii) More sophisticated methods. A more sophisticated method 
designed to allocate costs more accurately may be used by the provider 
upon approval of the intermediary. However, having elected to use the 
double-apportionment method, the provider may not thereafter use the 
step-down method without approval of the intermediary. Written request 
for the approval must be made on a prospective basis and must be 
submitted before the end of the fourth month of the prospective 
reporting period. Likewise, once having elected to use a more 
sophisticated method, the provider may not thereafter use either the 
double-apportionment or step-down methods without similar request and 
approval.
    (3) Modified cost finding for providers using the Combination Method 
for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 1971. This method 
differs from the step-down method in that services furnished by 
nonrevenue-producing departments or centers are allocated directly to 
revenue-producing departments or centers even though these services may 
be utilized by other nonrevenue-producing departments or centers. In the 
application of this method the cost of nonrevenue-producing centers 
having a common basis of allocation are combined

[[Page 627]]

and the total distributed to revenue-producing centers. All nonrevenue-
producing centers having significant percentages of cost in relation to 
total costs will be allocated this way. The combined total costs of 
remaining nonrevenue-producing costs centers will be allocated to 
revenue-producing cost centers in the proportion that each bears to 
total costs, direct and indirect, already allocated. The bases which are 
to be used and the centers which are to be combined for allocation are 
not optional but are identified and incorporated in the cost report 
forms developed for this method. Providers using this method must use 
the program cost report forms devised for it. Alternative forms may not 
be used without prior approval by CMS based upon a written request by 
the provider submitted through the intermediary.
    (4) Temporary method for initial period. If the provider is unable 
to use either cost-finding method when it first participates in the 
program, it may apply to the intermediary for permission to use some 
other acceptable method that would accurately identify costs by 
department or center, and appropriately segregate inpatient and 
outpatient costs. Such other method may be used for cost reports 
covering periods ending before January 1, 1968.
    (5) Simplified optional reimbursement method for small, rural 
hospitals with distinct parts for cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after July 20, 1982. (i) A rural hospital with a Medicare-certified 
distinct part SNF may elect to be reimbursed for services furnished in 
its hospital general routine service area and distinct part SNF using 
the reimbursement method specified in Sec. 413.53 for swing-bed 
hospitals, if it meets the following conditions:
    (A) The institution is located in a rural area as defined in Sec. 
482.66 of this chapter.
    (B) On the first day of the cost reporting period, the hospital and 
distinct part SNF have fewer than 50 beds in total (with the exception 
of beds for newborns and beds in intensive care type inpatient units).
    (ii) In applying the optional reimbursement method, only those beds 
located in the hospital general routine service area and in the distinct 
part SNF certified by Medicare are combined into a single cost center 
for purposes of cost finding.
    (iii) The reasonable cost of the routine extended care services is 
determined in accordance with Sec. 413.114(c). The reasonable cost of 
the hospital general routine services is determined in accordance with 
Sec. 413.53(a)(2).
    (iv) The hospital must make its election to use the optional swing-
bed reimbursement method in writing to the intermediary before the 
beginning of the hospital's cost reporting year. The hospital must make 
any request to revoke the election in writing before the beginning of 
the affected cost reporting period.
    (v) The intermediary must approve requests to terminate use of the 
optional swing-bed reimbursement method. If a hospital terminates use of 
this optional method, no further elections may be made by the facility 
to use the optional method.
    (6) Provider-based entities and departments: Preventing duplication 
of cost. In some situations, the main provider in a provider-based 
complex may purchase services for a provider-based entity or for a 
department of the provider through a contract for services (for example, 
a management contract), directly assigning the costs to the provider-
based entity or department and reporting the costs directly in the cost 
center for that entity or department. In any situation in which costs 
are directly assigned to a cost center, there is a risk of excess cost 
in that cost center resulting from the directly assigned costs plus a 
share of overhead improperly allocated to the cost center which 
duplicates the directly assigned costs. This duplication could result in 
improper Medicare payment to the provider. Where a provider has 
purchased services for a provider-based entity or for a provider 
department, like general service costs of the provider (for example, 
like costs in the administrative and general cost center) must be 
separately identified to ensure that they are not improperly allocated 
to the entity or the department. If the like costs of the main provider 
cannot be separately identified, the costs of the services purchased 
through a contract

[[Page 628]]

must be reclassified to the main provider and allocated among the main 
provider's benefiting cost centers.

    Example: A provider-based complex is composed of a hospital and a 
hospital-based rural health clinic (RHC). The hospital furnishes the 
entirety of its own administrative and general costs internally. The 
RHC, however, is managed by an independent contractor through a 
management contract. The management contract provides a full array of 
administrative and general services, with the exception of patient 
billing. The hospital directly assigns the costs of the RHC's management 
contract to the RHC cost center (for example, Form CMS 2552-96, 
Worksheet A, Line 71). A full allocation of the hospital's 
administrative and general costs to the RHC cost center would duplicate 
most of the RHC's administrative and general costs. However, an 
allocation of the hospital's cost (included in hospital administrative 
and general costs) of its patient billing function to the RHC would be 
appropriate. Therefore, the hospital must include the costs of the 
patient billing function in a separate cost center to be allocated to 
the benefiting cost centers, including the RHC cost center. The 
remaining hospital administrative and general costs would be allocated 
to all cost centers, excluding the RHC cost center. If the hospital is 
unable to isolate the costs of the patient billing function, the costs 
of the RHC's management contract must be reclassified to the hospital 
administrative and general cost center to be allocated among all cost 
centers, as appropriate.

    (7) Costs of services furnished to free-standing entities. The costs 
that a provider incurs to furnish services to free-standing entities 
with which it is associated are not allowable costs of that provider. 
Any costs of services furnished to a free-standing entity must be 
identified and eliminated from the allowable costs of the servicing 
provider, to prevent Medicare payment to that provider for those costs. 
This may be done by including the free-standing entity on the cost 
report as a nonreimbursable cost center for the purpose of allocating 
overhead costs to that entity. If this method would not result in an 
accurate allocation of costs to the entity, the provider must develop 
detailed work papers showing how the cost of services furnished by the 
provider to the entity were determined. These costs are removed from the 
applicable cost centers of the servicing provider.
    (e) Accounting basis. The cost data submitted must be based on the 
accrual basis of accounting which is recognized as the most accurate 
basis for determining costs. However, governmental institutions that 
operate on a cash basis of accounting may submit cost data on the cash 
basis subject to appropriate treatment of capital expenditures.
    (f) Cost reports. For cost reporting purposes, the Medicare program 
requires each provider of services to submit periodic reports of its 
operations that generally cover a consecutive 12-month period of the 
provider's operations. Amended cost reports to revise cost report 
information that has been previously submitted by a provider may be 
permitted or required as determined by CMS.
    (1) Cost reports--Terminated providers and changes of ownership. A 
provider that voluntarily or involuntarily ceases to participate in the 
Medicare program or experiences a change of ownership must file a cost 
report for that period under the program beginning with the first day 
not included in a previous cost reporting period and ending with the 
effective date of termination of its provider agreement or change of 
ownership.
    (2) Due dates for cost reports. (i) Cost reports are due on or 
before the last day of the fifth month following the close of the period 
covered by the report. For cost reports ending on a day other than the 
last day of the month, cost reports are due 150 days after the last day 
of the cost reporting period.
    (ii) Extensions of the due date for filing a cost report may be 
granted by the intermediary only when a provider's operations are 
significantly adversely affected due to extraordinary circumstances over 
which the provider has no control, such as flood or fire.
    (3) Changes in cost reporting periods. A provider may change its 
cost reporting period if a change in ownership is experienced or if 
the--
    (i) Provider requests the change in writing from its intermediary;
    (ii) Intermediary receives the request at least 120 days before the 
close of the new reporting period requested by the provider; and

[[Page 629]]

    (iii) Intermediary determines that good cause for the change exists. 
Good cause would not be found to exist if the effect is to change the 
initial date that a hospital would be affected by the rate of increase 
ceiling (see Sec. 413.40), or be paid under the prospective payment 
systems (see part 412 of this chapter).
    (4) Electronic submission of cost reports. (i) As used in this 
paragraph, ``provider'' means a hospital, skilled nursing facility, home 
health agency, hospice, organ procurement organization, rural health 
clinic, Federally qualified health clinic, community mental health 
center, or end-stage renal disease facility.
    (ii) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1989 for hospitals, cost reporting periods ending on or after 
December 31, 1996 for skilled nursing facilities and home health 
agencies, cost reporting periods ending on or after December 31, 2004 
for hospices, and end-stage renal disease facilities, and cost reporting 
periods ending on or after March 31, 2005 for organ procurement 
organizations, rural health clinics, Federally qualified health centers, 
and community mental health centers, a provider is required to submit 
cost reports in a standardized electronic format. The provider's 
electronic program must be capable of producing the CMS standardized 
output file in a form that can be read by the fiscal intermediary's 
automated system. This electronic file, which must contain the input 
data required to complete the cost report and to pass specified edits, 
must be forwarded to the fiscal intermediary for processing through its 
system.
    (iii) The fiscal intermediary stores the provider's as-filed 
electronic cost report and may not alter that file for any reason. The 
fiscal intermediary makes a ``working copy'' of the as-filed electronic 
cost report to be used, as necessary, throughout the settlement process 
(that is, desk review, processing audit adjustments, and final 
settlement). The provider's electronic program must be able to disclose 
if any changes have been made to the as-filed electronic cost report 
after acceptance by the intermediary. If the as-filed electronic cost 
report does not pass all specified edits, the fiscal intermediary must 
return it to the provider for correction. For purposes of the 
requirements in paragraph (f)(2) of this section concerning due dates, 
an electronic cost report is not considered to be filed until it is 
accepted by the intermediary.
    (iv) Effective for cost reporting periods ending on or after 
September 30, 1994 for hospitals, cost reporting periods ending on or 
after December 31, 1996 for skilled nursing facilities and home health 
agencies, cost reporting periods ending on or after December 31, 2004 
for hospices and end-stage renal disease facilities, and cost reporting 
periods ending on or after March 31, 2005 for organ procurement 
organizations, rural health clinics, Federally qualified health centers, 
and community mental health centers, a provider must submit a hard copy 
of a settlement summary, a statement of certain worksheet totals found 
within the electronic file, and a statement signed by its administrator 
or chief financial officer certifying the accuracy of the electronic 
file or the manually prepared cost report. During a transition period 
(first two cost-reporting periods on or after December 31, 2004 for 
hospices and end-stage renal disease facilities, and the first two cost-
reporting periods on or after March 31, 2005 for organ procurement 
organizations, rural health clinics, Federally qualified health centers, 
community mental health centers) providers must submit a hard copy of 
the completed cost report forms in addition to the electronic file. The 
following statement must immediately precede the dated signature of the 
provider's administrator or chief financial officer:

    I hereby certify that I have read the above certification statement 
and that I have examined the accompanying electronically filed or 
manually submitted cost report and the Balance Sheet Statement of 
Revenue and Expenses prepared by ---------- (Provider Name(s) and 
Number(s)) for the cost reporting period beginning ------ and ending --
---- and that to the best of my knowledge and belief, this report and 
statement are true, correct, complete and prepared from the books and 
records of the provider in accordance with applicable instructions, 
except as noted. I further certify that I am familiar with the laws and 
regulations regarding the provision of health care services, and that 
the services identified in this cost report

[[Page 630]]

were provided in compliance with such laws and regulations.

    (v) A provider may request a delay or waiver of the electronic 
submission requirement in paragraph (f)(4)(ii) of this section if this 
requirement would cause a financial hardship or if the provider 
qualifies as a low or no Medicare utilization provider. The provider 
must submit a written request for delay or waiver with necessary 
supporting documentation to its intermediary no later than 30 days after 
the end of its cost reporting period. The intermediary reviews the 
request and forwards it, with a recommendation for approval or denial, 
to CMS central office within 30 days of receipt of the request. CMS 
central office either approves or denies the request and notifies the 
intermediary within 60 days of receipt of the request.
    (5) An acceptable cost report submission is defined as follows:
    (i) All providers--The provider, must complete and submit the 
required cost reporting forms, including all necessary signatures. A 
cost report is rejected for lack of supporting documentation only if it 
does not include the Provider Cost Reimbursement Questionnaire. 
Additionally, a cost report for a teaching hospital is rejected for lack 
of supporting documentation if the cost report does not include a copy 
of the Intern and Resident Information System diskette.
    (ii) For providers that are required to file electronic cost 
reports--In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (f)(4) and 
(f)(5)(i) of this section, the provider must submit its cost reports in 
an electronic cost report format in conformance with the requirements 
contained in the Electronic Cost Report (ECR) Specifications Manual 
(unless the provider has received an exemption from CMS).
    (iii) The intermediary makes a determination of acceptability within 
30 days of receipt of the provider's cost report. If the cost report is 
considered unacceptable, the intermediary returns the cost report with a 
letter explaining the reasons for the rejection. When the cost report is 
rejected, it is deemed an unacceptable submission and treated as if a 
report had never been filed.
    (g) Exception from full cost reporting for lack of program 
utilization. If a provider does not furnish any covered services to 
Medicare beneficiaries during a cost reporting period, it is not 
required to submit a full cost report. It must, however, submit an 
abbreviated cost report, as prescribed by CMS.
    (h) Waiver of full or simplified cost reporting for low program 
utilization. (1) If the provider has had low utilization of covered 
services by Medicare beneficiaries (as determined by the intermediary) 
and has received correspondingly low interim payments for the cost 
reporting period, the intermediary may waive a full cost report or the 
simplified cost report described in Sec. 413.321 if it decides that it 
can determine, without a full or simplified report, the reasonable cost 
of covered services provided during that period.
    (2) If a full or simplified cost report is waived, the provider must 
submit within the same time period required for full or simplified cost 
reports:
    (i) The cost reporting forms prescribed by CMS for this situation; 
and
    (ii) Any other financial and statistical data the intermediary 
requires.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 39829, Sept. 1, 1992; 
59 FR 26964, May 25, 1994; 60 FR 33125, 33136, 33143, June 27, 1995; 60 
FR 37594, July 21, 1995; 62 FR 31, Jan. 2, 1997; 65 FR 18537, Apr. 7, 
2000; 66 FR 59920, Nov. 30, 2001; 68 FR 50721, Aug. 22, 2003; 70 FR 
30643, May 27, 2005]



                 Subpart C_Limits on Cost Reimbursement



Sec. 413.30  Limitations on payable costs.

    (a) Introduction--(1) Scope. This section implements section 
1861(v)(1)(A) of the Act by setting forth the general rules under which 
CMS may establish limits on SNF and HHA costs recognized as reasonable 
in determining Medicare program payments. It also sets forth rules 
governing exemptions and exceptions to limits established under this 
section that CMS may make as appropriate in considering special needs or 
situations of particular providers.
    (2) General principle. Reimbursable provider costs may not exceed 
the costs CMS estimates to be necessary for the efficient delivery of 
needed

[[Page 631]]

health care services. CMS may establish estimated cost limits for direct 
or indirect overall costs or for costs of specific services or groups of 
services. CMS imposes these limits prospectively and may calculate them 
on a per admission, per discharge, per diem, per visit, or other basis.
    (b) Procedure for establishing limits. (1) In establishing limits 
under this section, CMS may classify SNFs and HHAs by factors that CMS 
finds appropriate and practical, including the following:
    (i) Type of services furnished.
    (ii) Geographical area where services are furnished, allowing for 
grouping of noncontiguous areas having similar demographic and economic 
characteristics.
    (iii) Size of institution.
    (iv) Nature and mix of services furnished.
    (v) Type and mix of patients treated.
    (2) CMS bases its estimates of the costs necessary for efficient 
delivery of health services on cost reports or other data providing 
indicators of current costs. CMS adjusts current and past period data to 
arrive at estimated costs for the prospective periods to which limits 
are applied.
    (3) Before the beginning of a cost period to which revised limits 
will be applied, CMS publishes a notice in the Federal Register, 
establishing cost limits and explaining the basis on which they are 
calculated.
    (4) In establishing limits under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, 
CMS may find it inappropriate to apply particular limits to a class of 
SNFs or HHAs due to the characteristics of the SNF or HHA class, the 
data on which CMS bases those limits, or the method by which CMS 
determines the limits. In these cases, CMS may exclude that class of 
SNFs or HHAs from the limits, explaining the basis of the exclusion in 
the notice setting forth the limits for the appropriate cost reporting 
periods.
    (c) Requests regarding applicability of cost limits. For cost 
reporting periods beginning before July 1, 1998, a SNF may request an 
exception or exemption to the cost limits imposed under this section. An 
HHA may request only an exception to the cost limits. The SNF or HHA 
must make its request to its fiscal intermediary within 180 days of the 
date on the intermediary's notice of program reimbursement.
    (1) Home health agencies. The intermediary makes a recommendation on 
the HHA's request to CMS, which makes the decision. CMS responds to the 
request within 180 days from the date CMS receives the request from the 
intermediary. The intermediary notifies the HHA of CMS's decision. The 
time required by CMS to review the request is considered good cause for 
the granting of an extension of the time limit for the HHA to apply for 
a PRRB review, as specified in Sec. 405.1841 of this chapter. CMS's 
decision is subject to review under subpart R of part 405 of this 
chapter.
    (2) Skilled nursing facility exception. The intermediary makes the 
final determination on the SNF's exception request and notifies the SNF 
of its determination within 90 days from the date that the intermediary 
receives the request from the SNF. If the intermediary determines that 
the SNF did not provide adequate documentation from which a proper 
determination can be made, the intermediary notifies the SNF that the 
request is denied. The intermediary also notifies the SNF that it has 45 
days from the date on the intermediary's denial letter to submit a new 
exception request with the complete documentation and that otherwise, 
the denial is the final determination. The time required by the 
intermediary to review the request is considered good cause for the 
granting of an extension of the time limit for the SNF to apply for a 
PRRB review, as specified in Sec. 405.1841 of this chapter. The 
intermediary's determination is subject to review under subpart R of 
part 405 of this chapter.
    (d) Exemptions. Exemptions from the limits imposed under this 
section may be granted to a new SNF with cost reporting periods 
beginning before July 1, 1998 as stated in Sec. 413.1(g)(1). The 
intermediary makes a recommendation on the provider's request to CMS, 
which makes the decision. A new SNF is a provider of inpatient services 
that

[[Page 632]]

has operated as a SNF (or the equivalent) for which it is certified for 
Medicare, under present and previous ownership, for less than 3 full 
years. An exemption granted under this paragraph expires at the end of 
the SNF's first cost reporting period beginning at least 2 years after 
the provider accepts its first inpatient.
    (e) Exceptions. Limits established under this section may be 
adjusted upward for a SNF or HHA under the circumstances specified in 
paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(5) of this section. An adjustment is made 
only to the extent that the costs are reasonable, attributable to the 
circumstances specified, separately identified by the SNF or HHA, and 
verified by the intermediary.
    (1) Atypical services. The SNF or HHA can show that the--
    (i) Actual cost of services furnished by a SNF or HHA exceeds the 
applicable limit because the services are atypical in nature and scope, 
compared to the services generally furnished by SNFs or HHAs similarly 
classified; and
    (ii) Atypical services are furnished because of the special needs of 
the patients treated and are necessary in the efficient delivery of 
needed health care.
    (2) Extraordinary circumstances. The SNF or HHA can show that it 
incurred higher costs due to extraordinary circumstances beyond its 
control. These circumstances include, but are not limited to, strikes, 
fire, earthquake, flood, or other unusual occurrences with substantial 
cost effects.
    (3) Areas with fluctuating populations. The SNF meets the following 
conditions:
    (i) Is located in an area (for example, a resort area) that has a 
population that varies significantly during the year.
    (ii) Is furnishing similar services in an area for which the 
appropriate health planning agency has determined does not have a 
surplus of beds or similar services and has certified that the beds or 
similar services furnished by the SNF are necessary.
    (iii) Meets occupancy or capacity standards established by the 
Secretary.
    (4) Medical and paramedical education. The SNF or HHA can 
demonstrate that, if compared to other SNFs or HHAs in its group, it 
incurs increased costs for services covered by limits under this section 
because of its operation of an approved education program specified in 
Sec. 413.85.
    (5) Unusual labor costs. The SNF or HHA has a percentage of labor 
costs that varies more than 10 percent from that included in the 
promulgation of the limits.
    (f) Operational review. Any SNF or HHA that applies for an exception 
to the limits established under paragraph (e) of this section must agree 
to an operational review at the discretion of CMS. The findings from 
this review may be the basis for recommendations for improvements in the 
efficiency and economy of the SNF's or the HHA's operations. If 
recommendations are made, any future exceptions are contingent on the 
SNF's or HHA's implementation of these recommendations.

[64 FR 42612, Aug. 5, 1999; 65 FR 60104, Oct. 10, 2000, as amended at 67 
FR 48802, July 26, 2002]



Sec. 413.35  Limitations on coverage of costs: Charges to beneficiaries if 
cost limits are applied to services.

    (a) Principle. A provider of services that customarily furnishes an 
individual items or services that are more expensive than the items or 
services determined to be necessary in the efficient delivery of needed 
health services described in Sec. 413.30, may charge an individual 
entitled to benefits under Medicare for such more expensive items or 
services even though not requested by the individual. The charge, 
however, may not exceed the amount by which the cost of (or, if less, 
the customary charges for) such more expensive items or services 
furnished by such provider in the second cost reporting period 
immediately preceding the cost reporting period in which such charges 
are imposed exceeds the applicable limit imposed under the provisions of 
Sec. 413.30. This charge may be made only if--
    (1) The intermediary determines that the charges have been 
calculated properly in accordance with the provisions of this section;
    (2) The services are not emergency services as defined in paragraph 
(d) of this section;

[[Page 633]]

    (3) The admitting physician has no direct or indirect financial 
interest in such provider;
    (4) CMS has provided notice to the public through notice in a 
newspaper of general circulation servicing the provider's locality and 
such other notice as the Secretary may require, of any charges the 
provider is authorized to impose on individuals entitled to benefits 
under Medicare on account of costs in excess of the costs determined to 
be necessary in the efficient delivery of needed health services under 
Medicare; and
    (5) The provider has, in the manner described in paragraph (e) of 
this section, identified such charges to such individual or person 
acting on his behalf as charges to meet the costs in excess of the costs 
determined to be necessary in the efficient delivery of needed health 
services under Medicare.
    (b) Provider request to charge beneficiaries for costs in excess of 
limits. (1) If a provider's actual costs (or, if less, the customary 
charges) in the second preceding cost period exceed the prospective 
limits established for such costs, the intermediary will, at the 
provider's request, validate in advance the charges that may be made to 
the beneficiaries for the excess.
    (2) If a provider does not have a second preceding cost period and 
is a new provider as defined in Sec. 413.30(e), the provider, subject 
to validation by the intermediary, will estimate the current cost of the 
service to which a limit is being applied. Such amount will be adjusted 
to an amount equivalent to costs in the second preceding year by use of 
a factor to be developed based on estimates of cost increases during the 
preceding two years and published by SSA or CMS. The amount thus derived 
will be used in lieu of the second preceding cost period amount in 
determining the charge to the beneficiary.
    (3) To obtain consideration of such a request, the provider must 
submit to the intermediary a statement indicating the chagre for which 
it is seeking validation and providing the data and method used to 
determine the amount. Such statement should include the--
    (i) Provider's name and number;
    (ii) Identity of class and prospective cost limit for the class in 
which the provider has been included;
    (iii) Amount of charge and cost period in which the charge is to be 
imposed;
    (iv) Cost and customary charge for items and services furnished to 
beneficiaries; and
    (v) Cost period ending date of the second reporting period 
immediately preceding the cost period in which the charge is to be 
imposed. The intermediary may request such additional information as it 
finds necessary with respect to the request.
    (c) Provider charges--(1) Establishing the charges. If the actual 
cost incurred (or, if less, the customary charges) in the prior period 
determined under paragraph (a) of this section exceeds the limits 
applicable to the pertinent period, the provider may charge the 
beneficiary to the extent costs in the second preceding cost reporting 
period (or the equivalent when there is no second preceding period) 
exceed the current cost limits. (Data from the most recently submitted 
appropriate cost report will be used in determining the actual cost.) 
For example, if a limit of $58 per day is applied to the cost of general 
routine services for the provider's cost reporting period starting in 
calendar year 1975 and if the provider's actual general routine cost in 
the second preceding reporting period, that is, the reporting period 
starting in calendar year 1973, was $60 per day, the provider (after 
first having obtained intermediary validation and subject to the 
considerations and requirements specified in paragraph (a) of this 
section) may charge Medicare Part A beneficiaries up to $2 per day for 
general routine services.
    (2) Adjusting cost. Program reimbursement for the costs to which 
limits imposed under Sec. 413.30 are applied in any cost reporting 
period will not exceed the lesser of the provider's actual cost or the 
limits imposed under Sec. 413.30. If program reimbursement for items or 
services to which such limits are applied plus the charges to 
beneficiaries for such items or services imposed under this section 
exceed the provider's actual cost for such items or services, program 
payment to the provider will

[[Page 634]]

be reduced to the extent program payment plus charges to the 
beneficiaries exceed actual cost. If the provider's actual cost for 
general routine services in 1975 was $57,000, the cost limit was 
$58,000, and billed charges to Medicare Part A beneficiaries were 
$2,000, the provider would receive $55,000 from the program ($57,000 
actual cost minus the $2,000 in charges to the beneficiaries).
    (d) Definition of emergency services. For purposes of paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section, emergency services are those hospital services 
that are necessary to prevent the death or serious impairment of the 
health of the individual, and which, because of the threat to the life 
or health of the individual, necessitate the use of the most accessible 
hospital (as determined under Sec. 424.106 of this chapter) available 
and equipped to furnish such services. If an individual has been 
admitted to such hospital as an inpatient because of an emergency, the 
emergency will be deemed to continue until it is safe from a medical 
standpoint to move the individual to another hospital or other 
institution or to discharge him.
    (e) Identification of charges to individual. For purposes of 
paragraph (a)(5) of this section, a provider must give or send to the 
individual or his representative, a schedule of all items and services 
that the individual might need and for which the provider imposes 
charges under this section, and the charge for each. Such schedule must 
specify that the charges are necessary to meet the costs in excess of 
the costs determined to be necessary in the efficient delivery of needed 
health services under Medicare and include such other information as CMS 
considers necessary to protect the individual's rights under this 
section. The provider, in arranging for the individual's admission, 
first service, or start of care, must give or send this schedule to the 
individual or his representative when arrangements are being made for 
such services or if this is not feasible, as soon thereafter as is 
practicable but no later than at the initiation of services.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 53 FR 6648, Mar. 20, 1988; 
60 FR 45849, Sept. 1, 1995]



Sec. 413.40  Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs.

    (a) Introduction--(1) Scope. This section implements section 1886(b) 
of the Act, establishing a ceiling on the rate of increase in operating 
costs per case for hospital inpatient services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries that will be recognized as reasonable for purposes of 
determining the amount of Medicare payment. This rate-of-increase 
ceiling applies to hospital cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1982. This section also sets forth rules governing exemptions 
from and adjustments to the ceiling.
    (2) Applicability. (i) This section is not applicable to--
    (A) Hospitals reimbursed in accordance with section 1814(b)(3) of 
the Act or under State reimbursement control systems that have been 
approved under section 1886(c) of the Act and subpart C of part 403 of 
this chapter; or
    (B) Hospitals that are paid under the prospective payment systems 
for inpatient hospital services in accordance with section 1886 (d) and 
(g) of the Act and part 412 of this chapter.
    (C) Psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units that are paid under 
the prospective payment system for inpatient psychiatric facilities 
described in subpart N of part 412 of this chapter for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005.
    (D) Rehabilitation hospitals and rehabilitation units that are paid 
under the prospective payment system for inpatient hospital services in 
accordance with section 1886(j) of the Act and subpart P of part 412 of 
this subchapter for cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 
1, 2002.
    (E) Long-term care hospitals, as defined in section 
1886(d)(1)(B)(iv) of the Act, that are paid based on 100 percent of the 
Federal prospective payment rate for inpatient hospital services in 
accordance with section 123 of Public Law 106-113 and section 307 of 
Public Law 106-554 and Sec. 412.533(b) and (c) of subpart O of Part 412 
of this subchapter for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002.
    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1983, this section applies to--

[[Page 635]]

    (A) Hospitals excluded from the prospective payment systems 
described in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) of this subchapter;
    (B) Psychiatric and rehabilitation units excluded from the 
prospective payment systems, as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) of this 
chapter and in accordance with Sec. 412.25 through Sec. 412.30 of this 
chapter, except as limited by paragraphs (a)(2)(iii) and (a)(2)(iv) of 
this section with respect to psychiatric and rehabilitation hospitals 
and psychiatric and rehabilitation units as specified in Sec. 412.22, 
Sec. 412.23, Sec. 412.25, Sec. 412.27, Sec. 412.29 and Sec. 412.30 
of this chapter.
    (C) Long-term care hospitals excluded from the prospective payment 
systems described in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) of this subchapter and in 
accordance with Sec. 412.23 of this subchapter, except as limited by 
paragraph (a)(2)(v) of this section with respect to long-term care 
hospitals specified in Sec. 412.23(e) of this subchapter.
    (iii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1983 and before January 1, 2005 this section applies to psychiatric 
hospitals and psychiatric units that are excluded from the prospective 
payment systems as specified in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) of this chapter and 
paid under the prospective payment system as specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(2) of this chapter.
    (iv) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1983 and before January 1, 2002, this section applies to rehabilitation 
hospitals and rehabilitation units that are excluded from the 
prospective payment systems described in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) of this 
subchapter.
    (v) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1983 
and before October 1, 2002, this section applies to long-term care 
hospitals that are excluded from the prospective payment systems 
described in Sec. 412.1(a)(1) of this subchapter. For cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2002, and before October 1, 
2006, this section also applies to long-term care hospitals, subject to 
paragraph (a)(2)(i)(D) of this section.
    (3) Definitions. As used in this section--
    Ceiling is the aggregate upper limit on the amount of a hospital's 
net Medicare inpatient operating costs that the program will recognize 
for payment purposes. For each cost reporting period, the ceiling is 
determined by multiplying the updated target amount, as defined in this 
paragraph, for that period by the number of Medicare discharges during 
that period. For a hospital-within-a-hospital, as described in Sec. 
412.22(e) of this chapter, the number of Medicare discharges in a cost 
reporting period does not include discharges of a patient to another 
hospital in the same building on or on the same campus, if--
    (A) The patient is subsequently readmitted to the hospital-within-a-
hospital directly from the other hospital; and
    (B) The hospital-within-a-hospital has discharged to the other 
hospital and subsequently readmitted more than 5 percent (that is, in 
excess of 5.0 percent) of the total number of Medicare inpatients 
discharged from the hospital-within-a-hospital in that cost reporting 
period.
    Date of discharge is the earliest of the following dates:
    (A) The date the patient has exhausted Medicare Part A hospital 
inpatient benefits (including the election to use lifetime reserve days) 
during his or her spell of illness.
    (B) The date the patient is formally released as specified in Sec. 
412.4(a)(1) of this chapter.
    (C) The date the patient is transferred to another facility.
    (D) The date the patient dies.
    Market basket index is CMS's projection of the annual percentage 
increase in hospital inpatient operating costs. The market basket index 
is a wage and price index that incorporates weighted indicators of 
changes in wages and prices that are representative of the mix of goods 
and services included in the most common categories of hospital 
inpatient operating costs subject to the ceiling, as described in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    Net inpatient operating costs include the costs of certain 
preadmission services as specified in Sec. 413.40(c)(2), the costs of 
routine services, ancillary services, and intensive care services (as 
defined in Sec. 413.53(b)) incurred by a hospital in furnishing covered 
inpatient services to Medicare beneficiaries. Net

[[Page 636]]

inpatient operating costs exclude capital-related costs as described in 
Sec. 413.130, the costs of approved medical education programs as 
described in Sec. Sec. 413.75 through 413.83 and 413.85, and heart, 
kidney, and liver acquisition costs incurred by approved transplantation 
centers. These costs are identified and excluded from inpatient 
operating costs before the application of the ceiling.
    Rate-of-increase percentage is the percentage by which each 
hospital's target amount from the preceding Federal fiscal year is 
increased.
    Target amount is the per discharge (case) limitation, derived from 
the hospital's allowable net Medicare inpatient operating costs in the 
hospital's base year, and updated for each subsequent hospital cost 
reporting period by the appropriate annual rate-of-increase percentage.
    Update adjustment percentage is the percentage by which a hospital's 
allowable inpatient operating service costs for the 12-month cost 
reporting period beginning in Federal fiscal year 1990 exceeds the 
hospital's ceiling for that period.
    Update factor is the decimal equivalent of the rate-of-increase 
percentage. The update factor is the value by which a hospital's target 
amount for the preceding year is multiplied in order to determine the 
target amount for the following year. For example, if the rate-of-
increase percentage for a year is 2.7 percent, the update factor for 
that year is 1.027.
    (b) Cost reporting periods subject to the rate-of-increase ceiling--
(1) Base period. Each hospital's target amount is based on its allowable 
net inpatient operating costs per case from the cost reporting period of 
at least 12 months immediately preceding the first cost reporting period 
subject to the rate-of-increase ceiling established under this section. 
If the immediately preceding cost reporting period is a short reporting 
period (fewer than 12 months), the first period of at least 12 months 
subsequent to that short period is the base period.
    (i) The target amount established under this provision remains 
applicable to a hospital or excluded hospital unit, as described in 
Sec. Sec. 412.25 through 412.30 of this chapter, despite intervening 
cost reporting periods during which the hospital or excluded hospital 
unit is not subject to the ceiling as a result of other provisions of 
the law or regulations, or nonparticipation in the Medicare program, 
unless the hospital or excluded hospital unit qualifies as a new 
hospital or excluded part hospital unit under the provisions of 
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (ii) The base period for a newly established excluded unit is the 
first cost reporting period of at least 12 months following the unit's 
certification to participate in the Medicare program.
    (iii) When the operational structure of a hospital or unit changes 
(that is, a freestanding hospital becomes an excluded unit or an 
excluded unit becomes a freestanding hospital, or an entity of a 
multicampus hospital becomes a newly created hospital or unit or a 
hospital or unit becomes a part of a multicampus hospital), the base 
period for the hospital or unit that changed its operational structure 
is the first cost reporting period of at least 12 months effective with 
the revised Medicare certification classification.
    (iv) Request for rebased target amount for the cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 1997 and on or before September 30, 
1998. Except for qualified long-term care hospitals as defined in 
paragraph (b)(1)(v) of this section, each hospital or unit under present 
or previous ownership that received payment under section 1886(b) of the 
Act during cost reporting periods beginning before October 1, 1990, may 
submit a request to its fiscal intermediary to rebase its target amount. 
The request must be received by the fiscal intermediary by the later of 
November 1, 1997 or 60 days before the beginning of its cost reporting 
period beginning during fiscal year 1998. The rebased target amount for 
the cost reporting period beginning during fiscal year 1998 is 
determined as follows:
    (A) Determine the hospital's inpatient operating costs per case for 
each of the five most recent settled cost reports as of August 5, 1997.
    (B) For each of the five cost reports, update the operating costs 
per case by the applicable update factors up to the

[[Page 637]]

hospital's cost reporting period beginning during FY 1998.
    (C) Exclude the highest and lowest of the five updated amounts 
determined under paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(B) of this section.
    (D) Compute the average for the remaining three updated amounts for 
operating cost per case.
    (v) Request by qualified long-term care hospital. A qualified long-
term care hospital may file a request to its fiscal intermediary for a 
rebased FY 1998 target amount. The request must be received by the 
fiscal intermediary by the later of November 1, 1997 or 60 days before 
the beginning of its cost reporting period beginning during fiscal year 
1998. The rebased FY 1998 target amount is the hospital's FY 1996 
inpatient operating costs updated to FY 1997. A qualified long-term care 
hospital means a long-term care hospital that meets the following two 
conditions for its two most recent settled cost reports as of August 5, 
1997:
    (A) Its Medicare inpatient operating costs exceed 115 percent of the 
ceiling.
    (B) The hospital would have had a disproportionate patient 
percentage (as defined in Sec. 412.106) equal to or greater than 70 
percent if it were a prospective payment hospital.
    (2) Periods subject to the ceiling. The ceiling established under 
this section applies to all cost reporting periods that--
    (i) Begin on or after October 1, 1982; and
    (ii) Immediately follow the base period established under paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section unless the exception in paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section is applicable.
    (3) Periods of other than 12 months. The ceiling established under 
this section does not apply to cost reporting periods of fewer than 12 
months that occur in conjunction with a change in operation of the 
facility, as defined in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section, as a 
result of changes in ownership, merger, or consolidation. However, the 
ceiling applies to cost reporting periods of fewer than 12 months that 
result solely from the approval of a hospital's request for a change in 
accounting cycle, as specified in Sec. 413.24(f)(3).
    (c) Costs subject to the ceiling--(1) Applicability. The ceiling 
established under this section applies to net operating costs incurred 
by a hospital in furnishing inpatient hospital services to Medicare 
beneficiaries.
    (2) Preadmission services otherwise payable under Medicare Part B 
furnished to a beneficiary during the calendar day immediately preceding 
the date of the beneficiary's admission to the hospital that meet the 
following conditions:
    (i) The services are furnished by the hospital or any entity wholly 
owned or operated by the hospital. An entity is wholly owned by the 
hospital if the hospital is the sole owner of the entity. An entity is 
wholly operated by a hospital if the hospital has exclusive 
responsibility for conducting and overseeing the entity's routine 
perations, regardless of whether the hospital also has policymaking 
authority over the entity.
    (ii) For services furnished after January 1, 1991, the services are 
diagnostic (including clinical diagnostic laboratory tests).
    (iii) For services furnished on or after October 1, 1991, the 
services are furnished in connection with the principal diagnosis that 
requires the beneficiary to be admitted as an inpatient and are not the 
following:
    (A) Ambulance services.
    (B) Maintenance renal dialysis.
    (3) Rate-of-increase percentages and update factors. The applicable 
rate-of-increase percentages and update factors are determined as 
follows:
    (i) Federal fiscal year 1986. The applicable rate-of-increase 
percentage for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1985 and before September 30, 1986 is five twenty-fourths of one 
percent, and the update factor is 1.00208333. For purposes of 
determining the target amount for cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after October 1, 1986, the applicable percentage increase for cost 
reporting periods beginning during Federal fiscal year 1986 is deemed to 
have been one-half percent, and the update factor is 1.005.
    (ii) Federal fiscal year 1987. The applicable rate-of-increase 
percentage for cost reporting periods beginning on or

[[Page 638]]

after October 1, 1986 and before September 30, 1987 is 1.15 percent; the 
update factor is 1.0115.
    (iii) Federal fiscal year 1988. The applicable rate-of-increase 
percentage for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1987 and before October 1, 1988 is 2.3238 percent; the update factor is 
1.023238. For purposes of updating the target amount for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 1988, the rate-of-increase 
percentage for cost reporting periods beginning during FY 1988 is deemed 
to have been 2.7 percent; the update factor is deemed to have been 
1.027.
    (iv) Federal fiscal year 1989 through Federal fiscal year 1993. The 
applicable rate-of-increase percentage for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1988, and before October 1, 1993, is 
the percentage increase projected by the hospital market basket index 
(as defined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section).
    (v) Federal fiscal year 1994 through Federal fiscal year 1997. The 
applicable rate-of-increase percentage for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1993, and before October 1, 1998, is 
the market basket percentage increase minus the lesser of, 1 percentage 
point, or the percentage point difference between 10 percent and the 
hospital's ``update adjustment percentage'' (as defined in paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section); for hospitals with an ``update adjustment 
percentage'' of at least 10 percent, the applicable rate-of-increase 
percentage is the market basket percentage increase. The ``update 
adjustment percentage'' is increased in each Federal fiscal year by the 
sum of the hospital's applicable reductions applied to the market basket 
percentage increase for previous Federal fiscal years.
    (vi) Federal fiscal year 1998. The applicable rate-of-increase 
percentage for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1997 is 0 percent.
    (vii) Federal fiscal year 1999 through Federal fiscal year 2002. The 
applicable rate-of-increase percentage for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1998, and before October 1, 2002, based 
n data from the most recent available cost report, is:
    (A) The percentage increase in the market basket, if inpatient 
operating costs are equal to or exceed the ceiling amount by 10 percent 
or more of the ceiling.
    (B) The percentage increase in the market basket minus .25 
percentage points for each percentage point by which inpatient operating 
costs are less than 10 percent over the ceiling (but not less than 0), 
if inpatient operating costs exceed the ceiling by less than 10 percent 
of the ceiling.
    (C) The greater of the percentage increase in the market basket 
minus 2.5 percentage points or 0 percent, if inpatient operating costs 
are equal to or less than the ceiling but greater than 66.7 percent of 
the ceiling.
    (D) 0 percent, if inpatient operating costs do not exceed 66.7 
percent of the ceiling.
    (viii) Federal fiscal year 2003 and following. The applicable rate-
of-increase percentage for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002, is the percentage increase projected by the hospital 
market basket index.
    (4) Target amounts. The intermediary will establish a target amount 
for each hospital. The target amount for a cost reporting period is 
determined as follows:
    (i) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this section, and 
subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section, for 
the first cost reporting period to which this ceiling applies, the 
target amount equals the hospital's allowable net inpatient operating 
costs per case for the hospital's base period increased by the update 
factor for the subject period.
    (ii) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this 
section, for subsequent cost reporting periods, the target amount equals 
the hospital's target amount for the previous cost reporting period 
increased by the update factor for the subject cost reporting period, 
unless the provisions of paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section apply.
    (iii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1997 through September 30, 2002, in the case of a psychiatric hospital 
or unit, rehabilitation hospital or unit, or long-term care hospital, 
the target amount is the lower of the amounts specified in paragraph

[[Page 639]]

(c)(4)(iii)(A) or paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B) of this section.
    (A) The hospital-specific target amount.
    (1) In the case of all hospitals and units, except long-term care 
hospitals for cost reporting periods beginning during FY 2001, the 
hospital-specific target amount is the net allowable costs in a base 
period increased by the applicable update factors .
    (2) In the case of long-term care hospitals, for cost reporting 
periods beginning during FY 2001, the hospital-specific target amount is 
the net allowable costs in a base period increased by the applicable 
update factors multiplied by 1.25.
    (B) One of the following for the applicable cost reporting period--
    (1) For cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 1998, 
the 75th percentile of target amounts for hospitals in the same class 
(psychiatric hospital or unit, rehabilitation hospital or unit, or long-
term care hospital) for cost reporting periods ending during FY 1996, 
increased by the applicable market basket percentage up to the first 
cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1997.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 1999, 
the amount determined under paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B)(1) of this section, 
increased by the market basket percentage up through the subject period, 
subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this section.
    (3) For cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 2000--
    (i) The labor-related portion and the nonlabor-related portion of 
the wage-neutralized 75th percentile of target amounts for hospitals in 
the same class (psychiatric hospital or unit, rehabilitation hospital or 
unit, or long-term care hospital) for cost reporting periods ending 
during FY 1996, are increased by the applicable market basket percentage 
up to the first cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 
1999.
    (ii) The labor-related portion of the wage-neutralized 75th 
percentile target amounts under paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B)(4)(i) of this 
section is wage adjusted by multiplying it by the hospital's FY 2000 
hospital inpatient prospective payment system wage index.
    (iii) The wage-adjusted 75th percentile target amounts for hospitals 
in the same class is determined by adding the nonlabor-related portion 
of the wage-neutralized 75th percentile target amounts under paragraph 
(c)(4)(iii)(B)(3)(i) of this section and the hospital's wage-adjusted 
labor-related portion of the wage-neutralized 75th percentile target 
amounts determined under paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B)(3)(ii) of this 
section, subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this 
section.
    (4) For cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal years 2001 
and 2002--
    (i) The amounts determined under paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B)(3)(i) of 
this section are: increased by the market basket percentage up through 
the subject period; or in the case of a long-term care hospital for cost 
reporting periods beginning during FY 2001, the amounts determined under 
paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B)(3)(i) of this section, increased by the market 
basket percentage up through the subject period and further increased by 
2 percent.
    (ii) The labor-related portion of the wage-neutralized 75th 
percentile target amounts under paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B)(4)(i) of this 
section is wage-adjusted by multiplying by the hospital's FY 2001 
hospital inpatient prospective payment system wage index, for cost 
reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 2001 and the hospital's 
FY 2002 hospital inpatient prospective payment system wage index for 
cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 2002.
    (iii) The wage-adjusted 75th percentile target amounts for hospitals 
in the same class are determined by adding the nonlabor-related portion 
of the wage-neutralized 75th percentile target amounts under paragraph 
(c)(4)(iii)(B)(4)(i) of this section and the hospital's wage-adjusted 
labor-related portion of the wage-neutralized 75th percentile target 
amounts determined under paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B)(4)(ii) of this 
section, subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this 
section.
    (iv) For purposes of the limits on target amounts established under 
paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section, each

[[Page 640]]

hospital or unit that qualifies for exclusion as a member of only one 
class of excluded facility (psychiatric hospital or unit, rehabilitation 
hospital or unit, or long-term care hospital) will be subject to the 
limit applicable to that class. If a hospital or unit qualifies to be 
classified in more than one way under the exclusion criteria in subpart 
B of part 412 of this chapter, the hospital's or unit's target amount 
may not exceed the lowest applicable limit.
    (v) In the case of a hospital that received payments under paragraph 
(f)(2)(ii) of this section as a newly created hospital or unit, to 
determine the hospital's target amount for the hospital's third 12-month 
cost reporting period, the payment amount determined under paragraph 
(f)(2)(ii)(A) of this section for the preceding cost reporting period is 
updated to the third cost reporting period.
    (5) Applicable update factor. (i) The applicable update factor is 
derived from the prospectively determined rate-of-increase percentage 
published by CMS. The update factor for each Federal fiscal year is 
applied prospectively to the target amount for each cost reporting 
period beginning during the Federal fiscal year.
    (ii) In the case of cost reporting periods of less than 12 months, 
the target amount determined for a hospital's first cost reporting 
period beginning in a Federal fiscal year applies to subsequent periods 
beginning in the same Federal fiscal year.
    (d) Application of the target amount in determining the amount of 
payment--(1) General process. (i) At the end of each cost reporting 
period subject to this section, the hospital's intermediary will compare 
a hospital's allowable net inpatient operating costs with that 
hospital's ceiling (as defined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section) for 
that period.
    (ii) The hospital's actual allowable costs will be determined 
without regard to the lesser of cost or charges provisions of Sec. 
413.13, and in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (d)(2) or 
(d)(3) of this section, as applicable.
    (2) Net inpatient operating costs are less than or equal to the 
ceiling.(i) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1997, if a hospital's allowable net inpatient operating costs do not 
exceed the hospital's ceiling, payment to the hospital will be 
determined on the basis of the lower of the--
    (A) Net inpatient operating costs plus 15 percent of the difference 
between inpatient operating costs and the ceiling; or
    (B) Net inpatient operating costs plus 2 percent of the ceiling.
    (ii) For psychiatric hospitals and units, for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 2000 and before October 1, 2001, if a 
hospital's allowable net inpatient operating costs do not exceed the 
hospital's ceiling, payment to the hospital will be determined on the 
basis of the lower of the--
    (A) Net inpatient operating costs plus 15 percent of the difference 
between inpatient operating costs and the ceiling; or
    (B) Net inpatient costs plus 3 percent of the ceiling.
    (3) Net inpatient operating costs are greater than the ceiling. For 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1997--
    (i) If a hospital's allowable net inpatient operating costs do not 
exceed 110 percent of the ceiling (or the adjusted ceiling, if 
applicable), payment will be the ceiling (or the adjusted ceiling, if 
applicable);
    (ii) If a hospital's allowable net inpatient operating costs are 
greater than 110 percent of the ceiling (or the adjusted ceiling, if 
applicable), payment will be the ceiling (or the adjusted ceiling, if 
applicable) plus the lesser of:
    (A) 50 percent of the allowable net inpatient operating costs in 
excess of 110 percent of the ceiling (or the adjusted ceiling, if 
applicable); or
    (B) 10 percent of the ceiling (or the adjusted ceiling, if 
applicable).
    (4) Continuous improvement bonus payments. (i) For cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 1997, eligible hospitals (as 
defined in paragraph (d)(5) of this section) receive payments in 
addition to those in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, as applicable. 
These payments are equal to the lesser of--
    (A) 50 percent of the amount by which the operating costs are less 
than the expected costs for the period; or
    (B) 1 percent of the ceiling.

[[Page 641]]

    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2000, and before September 30, 2001, eligible psychiatric hospitals and 
units and long-term care hospitals (as defined in paragraph (d)(5) of 
this section) receive payments in addition to those in paragraph (d)(2) 
of this section, as applicable. These payments are equal to the lesser 
of--
    (A) 50 percent of the amount by which the operating costs are less 
than the expected costs for the period; or
    (B) 1.5 percent of the ceiling.
    (iii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2001, and before September 30, 2002, eligible psychiatric hospitals and 
units and long-term care hospitals receive payments in addition to those 
in paragraph (d)(5) of this section, as applicable. These payments are 
equal to the lesser of--
    (A) 50 percent of the amount by which the operating costs are less 
than the expected costs for the periods; or
    (B) 2 percent of the ceiling.
    (5) Eligibility requirements for continuous improvement bonus 
payments. To qualify, a hospital must have been paid as a prospective 
payment excluded hospital for at least three full cost reporting periods 
prior to the applicable period, and the hospital's operating costs per 
discharge for the period must be less than the least of the following:
    (i) The hospital's target amount.
    (ii) The hospital's trended costs.
    (A) For a hospital for which its cost reporting period ending during 
fiscal year 1996 was its third or subsequent full cost reporting period, 
trended costs are the lesser of the allowable inpatient operating costs 
per discharge or the target amount for the cost reporting period ending 
in fiscal year 1996, increased in a compounded manner for each 
succeeding fiscal year by the market basket percentage increase;
    (B) For all other hospitals, trended costs are the allowable 
inpatient operating costs per discharge for its third full cost 
reporting period increased in a compounded manner for each succeeding 
fiscal year by the market basket increase.
    (iii) The hospital's expected costs. The hospital's expected costs 
are the lesser of its allowable inpatient operating costs per discharge 
or the target amount for the previous cost reporting period, updated by 
the market basket percentage increase for the fiscal year.
    (e) Hospital requests regarding adjustments to the payment allowed 
under the rate-of-increase ceiling--(1) Timing of application. A 
hospital may request an adjustment to the rate-of-increase ceiling 
imposed under this section. The hospital's request must be received by 
the hospital's fiscal intermediary no later than 180 days after the date 
on the intermediary's initial notice of amount of program reimbursement 
(NPR) for the cost reporting period for which the hospital requests an 
adjustment.
    (2) Intermediary recommendation. Unless CMS has authorized the 
intermediary to make the decision, the intermediary makes a 
recommendation on the hospital's request to CMS, which makes the 
decision. CMS issues a decision to the intermediary no later than 180 
days after receipt of the completed application and the intermediary's 
recommendation.
    (3) Intermediary decision. If CMS has authorized the intermediary to 
make the decision, the intermediary issues a decision no later than 180 
days after receipt of the completed application.
    (4) Notification and review. (i) The intermediary notifies the 
hospital of the decision, including a full explanation of the grounds 
for the decision. A decision issued under paragraph (e)(2) or (e)(3) of 
this section is considered final unless the hospital submits additional 
information and requests a review of the decision no later than 180 days 
after the date on the intermediary's notice of the decision.
    (ii) The final decision is subject to review under the provider 
reimbursement determination and appeal procedures in subpart R of part 
405 of this chapter, provided the hospital has received an NPR for the 
cost reporting period in question, and the NPR disallows costs for which 
the hospital had requested an adjustment (see the definitions in Sec. 
405.1801(a) of this chapter and the provisions regarding a provider's 
right to a Board hearing in Sec. 405.1835 of this chapter).
    (5) Extending time limit for PRRB review of NPR. The time required 
to review the request is considered good cause for the granting of an 
extension

[[Page 642]]

of the time limit to apply for review of the notice of amount of program 
reimbursement by the Provider Reimbursement Review Board, as specified 
in Sec. 405.1841(b) of this chapter.
    (6) Applicability. The provisions in paragraphs (e)(1) through 
(e)(5) of this section apply to a hospital's initial request for an 
adjustment and to a request for a review of the original decision based 
on additional data.
    (f) Comparison to the target amount for new hospitals and units--(1) 
New hospitals and units--(i) New hospitals. For purposes of this 
section, a new hospital is a provider of hospital inpatient services 
that--
    (A) Has operated as the type of hospital for which CMS granted it 
approval to participate in the Medicare program, under present or 
previous ownership (or both), for less than 2 full years; and
    (B) Has provided the type of hospital inpatient services for which 
CMS granted it approval to participate in the Medicare program, for less 
than 2 years.
    (ii) New units. A newly established unit that is excluded from the 
prospective payments system under the provisions of Sec. Sec. 412.25 
through 412.30 of this chapter does not qualify for the exemption 
afforded to a new hospital under paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section 
unless the unit is located in an acute care hospital that, if it were 
subject to the provisions of this section, would qualify as a new 
hospital under paragraph (f)(1)(i) of this section.
    (2) Comparison--(i) Exemptions. (A) A new children's hospital is 
exempt from the rate-of-increase ceiling imposed under this section. The 
exemption begins when the hospital accepts its first patient and ends at 
the end of the first cost reporting period ending at least 2 years after 
the hospital accepts its first patient. The first cost reporting period 
of at least 12 months beginning at least 1 year after the hospital 
accepts its first patient is the base year, in accordance with paragraph 
(b) of this section.
    (B) Within 180 days of the date a hospital is excluded from the 
prospective payment system, the intermediary determines whether the 
hospital is exempt from the rate-of-increase ceiling. The intermediary 
notifies the hospital of its determination and the hospital's base 
period.
    (C) A decision issued under paragraph (f)(2)(ii)(B) of this section 
is considered final unless the hospital submits additional information 
and requests a review of the decision no later than 180 days after the 
date on the intermediary's notice of the decision. The final decision is 
subject to review under subpart R of part 405 of this chapter, provided 
the hospital has received a notice of program reimbursement (NPR) for 
the cost reporting period in question and the NPR does not reflect an 
exemption (see the definitions in Sec. 405.1801(a) of this chapter and 
the provisions regarding a provider's right to a Board hearing in Sec. 
405.1835 of this chapter).
    (ii) Median target amount. (A) For cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 1997, the amount of payment for a new psychiatric 
hospital or unit, a new rehabilitation hospital or unit, or a new long-
term care hospital that was not paid as an excluded hospital prior to 
October 1, 1997, is the lower of the hospital's net inpatient operating 
cost per case or 110 percent of the national median of the target 
amounts for the class of excluded hospitals and units (psychiatric, 
rehabilitation, long-term care) as adjusted for differences in wage 
levels and updated to the first cost reporting period in which the 
hospital receives payment. The second cost reporting period is subject 
to the same target amount as the first cost reporting period.
    (B) The national median of the target amounts is the FY 1996 median 
target amount--
    (1) Adjusted to account for differences in area wage levels;
    (2) Updated by the market basket percentage increase to the fiscal 
year in which the hospital first received payments as an excluded 
provider.
    (3) Risk-basis HMOs. Items or services that are furnished to 
beneficiaries enrolled in an HMO by a hospital that is either owned or 
operated by a risk-basis HMO or related to a risk-basis HMO by common 
ownership or control are exempt from the rate-of-increase ceiling (see 
the definition of an entity

[[Page 643]]

with a risk sharing contract in Sec. 417.401 of this chapter).
    (g) Adjustments--(1) General rules. (i) CMS adjusts the amount of 
the operating costs considered in establishing the rate-of-increase 
ceiling for one or more cost reporting periods, including both periods 
subject to the ceiling and the hospital's base period, under the 
circumstances specified in paragraphs (g)(2), (g)(3), and (g)(4) of this 
section.
    (ii) When the hospital requests an adjustment, CMS makes an 
adjustment only to the extent that the hospital's operating costs are 
reasonable, attributable to the circumstances specified separately, 
identified by the hospital, and verified by the intermediary.
    (iii) When the hospital requests an adjustment, CMS makes an 
adjustment only if the hospital's operating costs exceed the rate-of-
increase ceiling imposed under this section.
    (iv) In the case of a psychiatric hospital or unit, rehabilitation 
hospital or unit, or long-term care hospital, the amount of payment 
under paragraph (g)(3) of this section may not exceed the payment amount 
based on the target amount determined under paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of 
this section.
    (v) In the case of a hospital or unit that received a revised FY 
1998 target amount under the rebasing provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(iv) 
of this section, the amount of an adjustment payment for a cost 
reporting period is based on a comparison of the hospital's operating 
costs for the cost reporting period to the average costs and statistics 
for the cost reporting periods used to determine the FY 1998 rebased 
target amount.
    (2) Extraordinary circumstances. CMS may make an adjustment to take 
into account unusual costs (in either a cost reporting period subject to 
the ceiling or the hospital's base period) due to extraordinary 
circumstances beyond the hospital's control. These circumstances 
include, but are not limited to, strikes, fire, earthquakes, floods, or 
similar unusual occurrences with substantial cost effects.
    (3) Comparability of cost reporting periods--(i) Adjustment for 
distortion. CMS may make an adjustment to take into account factors that 
would result in a significant distortion in the operating costs of 
inpatient hospital services between the base year and the cost reporting 
period subject to the limits.
    (ii) Factors. The adjustments described in paragraph (g)(3)(i) of 
this section, include, but are not limited to, adjustments to take into 
account:
    (A) FICA taxes (if the hospital did not incur costs for FICA taxes 
in its base period).
    (B) Services billed under part B of Medicare during the base period, 
but paid under part A during the subject cost reporting period.
    (C) Malpractice insurance costs (if malpractice costs were not 
included in the base year operating costs).
    (D) Increases in service intensity or length of stay attributable to 
changes in the type of patient served.
    (E) A change in the inpatient hospital services that a hospital 
provides, and that are customarily provided directly by similar 
hospitals, such as an addition or discontinuation of services or 
treatment programs.
    (F) The manipulation of discharges to increase reimbursement.
    (iii) Adjusting operating costs. Without a formal request from a 
hospital, CMS may adjust the amount of operating costs determined under 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section to take into account certain 
adjustments. These adjustments include, but are not limited to, 
adjustments under paragraphs (g)(3)(ii)(A), (B), (C), (E), and (F) of 
this section.
    (4) Significant wage increase. (i) Criteria. CMS may make an 
adjustment to take into account a significant increase in wages 
occurring between the base period and the cost reporting period subject 
to the ceiling if there is a significant increase in the average hourly 
wage for the geographic area in which the hospital is located 
(determined by reference to the wage index for prospective payment 
hospitals without regard to geographic reclassifications under sections 
1886(d)(8) and (10) of the Act). For this purpose, there is a 
significant wage increase if the wage index value based on wage survey 
data collected for the cost reporting period subject to the ceiling is 
at least 8.0 percent higher than the wage index value based on survey 
data collected for the base year cost reporting period.

[[Page 644]]

If survey data are not available for the cost reporting periods used in 
the comparison, the wage index value based on the latest available 
survey data collected prior to that cost reporting period is used.
    (ii) Amount of the adjustment. The adjustment for a significant wage 
increase equals the amount by which the lesser of the following 
calculations exceeds 108 percent of the increase in the national average 
hourly earnings for hospital workers:
    (A) The rate of increase in the average hourly wage in the 
geographic area (determined by applying the applicable increase in the 
area wage index value to the rate of increase in the national average 
hourly earnings for hospital workers).
    (B) The rate of increase in the hospital's average hourly wage.
    (5) Adjustment limitations. For cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after October 1, 1993, and before October 1, 2003, the payment 
reductions under paragraph (c)(3)(v) through (c)(3)(vii) of this section 
will not be considered when determining adjustments under this 
paragraph.
    (h) [Reserved]
    (i) Assignment of a new base period--(1) General rule. (i) Effective 
with cost reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 1990, CMS may 
assign a new base period to establish a revised ceiling if the new base 
period is more representative of the reasonable and necessary cost of 
furnishing inpatient services and all the following conditions apply:
    (A) The actual allowable inpatient costs of the hospital in the cost 
reporting period that would be affected by the revised ceiling exceed 
the target amount established under paragraph (c) of this section.
    (B) The hospital documents that the higher costs are the result of 
substantial and permanent changes in furnishing patient care services 
since the base period. In making this determination, CMS takes into 
consideration the following factors:
    (1) Changes in the services provided by the hospital.
    (2) Changes in applicable technologies and medical practices.
    (3) Differences in the severity of illness among patients or types 
of patients served.
    (C) The adjustments described in paragraph (g) of this section would 
not result in recognition of the reasonable and necessary costs of 
providing inpatient services.
    (ii) The revised ceiling is based on the necessary and proper costs 
incurred during the new base period.
    (A) Increases in overhead costs (for example, administrative and 
general costs and housekeeping costs) are not taken into consideration 
unless the hospital documents that these increases result from 
substantial and permanent changes in furnishing patient care services.
    (B) In determining whether wage increases are necessary and proper, 
CMS takes into consideration whether increases in wages and wage-related 
costs for hospitals in the labor market area exceed the national average 
increase.
    (2) New base period. The new base period is the first cost reporting 
period that is 12 months or longer that reflects the substantial and 
permanent change.
    (3) New applicable rate-of-increase percentages and update factors. 
The revised target amount resulting from the assignment of a new base 
period is increased by the applicable rate-of-increase percentages 
(update factors) described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
    (j) Reduction to capital-related costs. For psychiatric hospital and 
units, rehabilitation hospitals and units, and long-term care hospitals, 
the amount otherwise payable for capital-related costs for hospital 
inpatient services is reduced by 15 percent for portions of cost 
reporting periods occurring on or after October 1, 1997 through 
September 30, 2002.

[58 FR 46340, Sept. 1, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 1659, Jan. 12, 1994; 59 
FR 45401, Sept. 1, 1994; 60 FR 45849, Sept. 1, 1995; 61 FR 2725, Jan. 
29, 1996; 61 FR 46225, Aug. 30, 1996; 62 FR 46032, Aug. 29, 1997; 63 FR 
6868, Feb. 11, 1998; 63 FR 26358, May 12, 1998; 63 FR 41004, July 31, 
1998; 64 FR 41541, July 30, 1999; 65 FR 47049, 47108, Aug. 1, 2000; 66 
FR 32194, June 13, 2001; 66 FR 41394, Aug. 7, 2001; 67 FR 50114, Aug. 1, 
2002; 69 FR 49252, Aug. 11, 2004; 69 FR 66981, Nov. 15, 2004; 70 FR 
47487, Aug. 12, 2005]

[[Page 645]]



                         Subpart D_Apportionment



Sec. 413.50  Apportionment of allowable costs.

    (a) Consistent with prevailing practice in which third-party 
organizations pay for health care on a cost basis, reimbursement under 
the Medicare program involves a determination of--
    (1) Each provider's allowable costs for producing services; and
    (2) The share of these costs which is to be borne by Medicare. The 
provider's costs are to be determined in accordance with the principles 
reviewed in the preceding discussion relating to allowable costs. The 
share to be borne by Medicare is to be determined in accordance with 
principles relating to apportionment of cost.
    (b) In the study and consideration devoted to the method of 
apportioning costs, the objective has been to adopt methods for use 
under Medicare that would, to the extent reasonably possible, result in 
the program's share of a provider's total allowable costs being the same 
as the program's share of the provider's total services. This result is 
essential for carrying out the statutory directive that the program's 
payments to providers should be such that the costs of covered services 
for beneficiaries would not be passed on to nonbeneficiaries, nor would 
the cost of services for nonbeneficiaries be borne by the program.
    (c) A basic factor bearing upon apportionment of costs is that 
Medicare beneficiaries are not a cross section of the total population. 
Nor will they constitute a cross section of all patients receiving 
services from most of the providers that participate in the program. 
Available evidence shows that the use of services by persons age 65 and 
over differs significantly from other groups. Consequently, the 
objective sought in the determination of the Medicare share of a 
provider's total costs means that the methods used for apportionment 
must take into account the differences in the amount of services 
received by patients who are beneficiaries and other patients serviced 
by the provider.
    (d) The method of cost reimbursement most widely used at the present 
time by third-party purchasers of inpatient hospital care apportions a 
provider's total costs among groups served on the basis of the relative 
number of days of care used. This method, commonly referred to as 
average-per-diem cost, does not take into account, variations in the 
amount of service which a day of care may represent and thereby assumes 
that the patients for whom payment is made on this basis are average in 
their use of service.
    (e) In considering the average-per-diem method of apportioning cost 
for use under the program, the difficulty encountered is that the 
preponderance of presently available evidence strongly indicates that 
the over-age 65 patient is not typical from the standpoint of average-
per-diem cost. On the average this patient stays in the hospital twice 
as long and therefore the ancillary services that he uses are averaged 
over the longer period of time, resulting in an average-per-diem cost 
for the aged alone, significantly below the average-per-diem for all 
patients.
    (f) Moreover, the relative use of services by aged patients as 
compared to other patients differs significantly among institutions. 
Consequently, considerations of equity among institutions are involved 
as well as that of effectiveness of the apportionment method under the 
program in accomplishing the objective of paying each provider fully, 
but only for services to beneficiaries.
    (g) A further consideration of long-range importance is that the 
relative use of services by aged and other patients can be expected to 
change, possibly to a significant extent in future years. The ability of 
apportionment methods used under the program to reflect such change is 
an element of flexibility which has been regarded as important in the 
formulation of the cost reimbursement principles.
    (h) An alternative to the relative number of days of care as a basis 
for apportioning costs is the relative amount of charges billed by the 
provider for services to patients. The amount of charges is the basis 
upon which the cost of hospital care is distributed among patients who 
pay directly for the services they receive. Payment for services on the 
basis of

[[Page 646]]

charges applies generally under insurance programs in which individuals 
are indemnified for incurred expenses, a form of health insurance widely 
held throughout the United States. Also, charges to patients are 
commonly a factor in determining the amount of payment to hospitals 
under insurance programs providing service benefits, many of which pay 
``costs or charges, whichever is less'' and some of which pay 
exclusively on the basis of charges. In all of these instances, the 
provider's own charge structure and method of itemizing services for the 
purpose of assessing charges is utilized as a measure of the amount of 
services received and as the basis for allocating responsibility for 
payment among those receiving the provider's services.
    (i) An increasing number of third-party purchasers who pay for 
services on the basis of cost are developing methods that utilize 
charges to measure the amount of services for which they have 
responsibility for payment. In this approach, the amount of charges for 
such services as a proportion of the provider's total charges to all 
patients is used to determine the proportion of the provider's total 
costs for which the third-party purchaser assumes responsibility. The 
approach is subject to numerous variations. It can be applied to the 
total of charges for all services combined or it can be applied to 
components of the provider's activities for which the amount of costs 
and charges are ascertained through a breakdown of data from the 
provider's accounting records.
    (j) For the application of the approach to components, which 
represent types of services, the breakdown of total costs is 
accomplished by ``cost-finding'' techniques under which indirect costs 
and nonrevenue activities are allocated to revenue producing components 
for which charges are made as services are furnished.



Sec. 413.53  Determination of cost of services to beneficiaries.

    (a) Principle. Total allowable costs of a provider will be 
apportioned between program beneficiaries and other patients so that the 
share borne by the program is based upon actual services received by 
program beneficiaries. The methods of apportionment are defined as 
follows:
    (1) Departmental method--(i) Methodology. Except as provided in 
paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section with respect to the treatment of 
the private room cost differential for cost reporting periods starting 
on or after October 1, 1982, the ratio of beneficiary charges to total 
patient charges for the services of each ancillary department is applied 
to the cost of the department; to this is added the cost of routine 
services for program beneficiaries, determined on the basis of a 
separate average cost per diem for general routine patient care areas as 
defined in paragraph (b) of this section, taking into account, in 
hospitals, a separate average cost per diem for each intensive care 
unit, coronary care unit, and other intensive care type inpatient 
hospital units.
    (ii) Exception: Indirect cost of private rooms. For cost reporting 
periods starting on or after October 1, 1982, except with respect to a 
hospital receiving payment under part 412 of this chapter (relating to 
the prospective payment system), the additional cost of furnishing 
services in private room accommodations is apportioned to Medicare only 
if these accommodations are furnished to program beneficiaries, and are 
medically necessary. To determine routine service cost applicable to 
beneficiaries--
    (A) Multiply the average cost per diem (as defined in paragraph (b) 
of this section) by the total number of Medicare patient days (including 
private room days whether or not medically necessary);
    (B) Add the product of the average per diem private room cost 
differential (as defined in paragraph (b) of this section) and the 
number of medically necessary private room days used by beneficiaries; 
and
    (C) Effective October 1, 1990, do not include private rooms 
furnished for SNF-type and NF-type services under the swing-bed 
provision in the number of days in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) and (B) of 
this section.
    (2) Carve-out out method--(i) The carve-out out method is used to 
allocate hospital inpatient general routine service costs in a 
participating swing-bed hospital, as defined in Sec. 413.114(b).

[[Page 647]]

Under this method, effective for services furnished on or after October 
1, 1990, the reasonable costs attributable to the inpatient routine SNF-
type and NF-type services furnished to all classes of patients are 
subtracted from total inpatient routine service costs before computing 
the average cost per diem for inpatient routine hospital care.
    (ii) The cost per diem attributable to the routine SNF-type services 
covered by Medicare is based on the regional Medicare swing-bed SNF rate 
in effect for a given calendar year, as described in Sec. 413.114(c). 
The Medicare SNF rate applies only to days covered and paid as Medicare 
days. When Medicare coverage runs out, the Medicare rate no longer 
applies.
    (iii) The cost per diem attributable to all non-Medicare swing-bed 
days is based on the average statewide Medicaid NF rate for the prior 
calendar year, adjusted to approximate the average NF rate for the 
current calendar year.
    (iv) The sum of total Medicare SNF-type days multiplied by the cost 
per diem attributable to Medicare SNF-type services and the total NF-
type days multiplied by the cost per diem attributable to all non-
Medicare days is subtracted from total inpatient general routine service 
costs. The cost per diem for inpatient routine hospital care is computed 
based on the remaining inpatient routine service costs.
    (3) Cost per visit by type-of-service method--HHAs. For cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1980, all HHAs must 
use the cost per visit by type-of-service method of apportioning costs 
between Medicare and non-Medicare beneficiaries. Under this method, the 
total allowable cost of all visits for each type of service is divided 
by the total number of visits for that type of service. Next, for each 
type of service, the number of Medicare covered visits is multiplied by 
the average cost per visit just computed. This represents the cost 
Medicare will recognize as the cost for that service, subject to cost 
limits published by CMS (see Sec. 413.30).
    (b) Definitions. As used in this section--
    Ancillary services means the services for which charges are 
customarily made in addition to routine services.
    Apportionment means an allocation or distribution of allowable cost 
between the beneficiaries of the Medicare program and other patients.
    Average cost per diem for general routine services means the 
following:
    (1) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1982, subject to the provisions on swing-bed hospitals, the average cost 
of general routine services net of the private room cost differential. 
The average cost per diem is computed by the following methodology:
    (i) Determine the total private room cost differential by 
multiplying the average per diem private room cost differential 
determined in paragraph (c) of this section by the total number of 
private room patient days.
    (ii) Determine the total inpatient general routine service costs net 
of the total private room cost differential by subtracting the total 
private room cost differential from total inpatient general routine 
service costs.
    (iii) Determine the average cost per diem by dividing the total 
inpatient general routine service cost net of private room cost 
differential by all inpatient general routine days, including total 
private room days.
    (2) For swing-bed hospitals, the amount computed by--(i) Subtracting 
the routine costs associated with Medicare SNF-type days and non-
Medicare NF-type days from the total allowable inpatient cost for 
routine services (excluding the cost of services provided in intensive 
care units, coronary care units, and other intensive care type inpatient 
hospital units and nursery costs); and
    (ii) Dividing the remainder (excluding the total private room cost 
differential) by the total number of inpatient hospital days of care 
(excluding Medicare SNF-type days and non-Medicare NF-type days of care, 
days of care in intensive care units, coronary care units, and other 
intensive care type inpatient hospital units; and newborn days; but 
including total private room days).
    Average cost per diem for hospital intensive care type units means 
the

[[Page 648]]

amount computed by dividing the total allowable costs for routine 
services in each of these units by the total number of inpatient days of 
care furnished in each of these units.
    Average per diem private room cost differential means the difference 
in the average per diem cost of furnishing routine services in a private 
room and in a semi-private room. (This differential is not applicable to 
hospital intensive care type units.) (The method for computing this 
differential is described in paragraph (c) of this section.)
    Charges means the regular rates for various services that are 
charged to both beneficiaries and other paying patients who receive the 
services. Implicit in the use of charges as the basis for apportionment 
is the objective that charges for services be related to the cost of the 
services.
    Intensive care type inpatient hospital unit means a hospital unit 
that furnishes services to critically ill inpatients. Examples of 
intensive care type units include, but are not limited to, intensive 
care units, trauma units, coronary care units, pulmonary care units, and 
burn units. Excluded as intensive care type units are postoperative 
recovery rooms, postanesthesia recovery rooms, maternity labor rooms, 
and subintensive or intermediate care units. (The unit must also meet 
the criteria of paragraph (d) of this section.)
    Nursing facility (NF)-type services, formerly known as ICF and SNF-
type services, are routine services furnished by a swing-bed hospital to 
Medicaid and other non-Medicare patients. Under the Medicaid program, 
effective October 1, 1990, facilities are no longer certified as SNFs or 
ICFs but instead are certified only as NFs and can provide services as 
defined in section 1919(a)(1) of the Act.
    Skilled nursing facility (SNF)-type services are routine services 
furnished by a swing-bed hospital that would constitute extended care 
services if furnished by an SNF. SNF-type services include routine SNF 
services furnished in the distinct part SNF of a hospital complex that 
is combined with the hospital general routine service area cost center 
under Sec. 413.24(d)(5). Effective October 1, 1990, only Medicare 
covered services are included in the definition of SNF-type services.
    Ratio of beneficiary charges to total charges on a departmental 
basis means the ratio of charges to beneficiaries of the Medicare 
program for services of a revenue-producing department or center to the 
charges to all patients for that center during an accounting period. 
After each revenue-producing center's ratio is determined, the cost of 
services furnished to beneficiaries of the Medicare program is computed 
by applying the individual ratio for the center to the cost of the 
related center for the period.
    Routine services means the regular room, dietary, and nursing 
services, minor medical and surgical supplies, and the use of equipment 
and facilities for which a separate charge is not customarily made.
    (c) Method for computing the average per diem private room cost 
differential. Compute the average per diem private room cost 
differential as follows:
    (1) Determine the average per diem private room charge differential 
by subtracting the average per diem charge for all semi-private room 
accommodations from the average per diem charge for all private room 
accommodations. The average per diem charge for private room 
accommodations is determined by dividing the total charges for private 
room accommodations by the total number of days of care furnished in 
private room accommodations. The average per diem charge for semi-
private accommodations is determined by dividing the total charges for 
semi-private room accommodations by the total number of days of care 
furnished in semi-private accommodations.
    (2) Determine the inpatient general routine cost to charge ratio by 
dividing total inpatient general routine service cost by the total 
inpatient general routine service charges.
    (3) Determine the average per diem private room cost differential by 
multiplying the average per diem private room charge differential 
determined in paragraph (c)(1) of this section by the ratio determined 
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.

[[Page 649]]

    (d) Criteria for identifying intensive care type units. For purposes 
of determining costs under this section, a unit will be identified as an 
intensive care type inpatient hospital unit only if the unit--
    (1) Is in a hospital;
    (2) Is physically and identifiably separate from general routine 
patient care areas, including subintensive or intermediate care units, 
and ancillary service areas. There cannot be a concurrent sharing f 
nursing staff between an intensive care type unit and units or areas 
furnishing different levels or types of care. However, two or more 
intensive care type units that concurrently share nursing staff can be 
reimbursed as one combined intensive care type unit if all other 
criteria are met. Float nurses (nurses who work in different units on an 
as-needed basis) can be utilized in the intensive care type unit. If a 
float nurse works in two different units during the same eight hour 
shift, then the costs must be allocated to the appropriate units 
depending upon the time spent in those units. The hospital must maintain 
adequate records to support the allocation. If such records are not 
available, then the costs must be allocated to the general routine 
services cost areas;
    (3) Has specific written policies that include criteria for 
admission to, and discharge from, the unit;
    (4) Has registered nursing care available on a continuous 24-hour 
basis with at least one registered nurse present in the unit at all 
times;
    (5) Maintains a minimum nurse-patient ratio of one nurse to two 
patients per patient day. Included in the calculation of this nurse-
patient ratio are registered nurses, licensed vocational nurses, 
licensed practical nurses, and nursing assistants who provide patient 
care. Not included are general support personnel such as ward clerks, 
custodians, and housekeeping personnel; and
    (6) Is equipped, or has available for immediate use, life-saving 
equipment necessary to treat the critically ill patients for which it is 
designed. This equipment may include, but is not limited to, respiratory 
and cardiac monitoring equipment, respirators, cardiac defibrillators, 
and wall or canister oxygen and compressed air.
    (e) Application--(1) Departmental method; Cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 1982. (i) The following example 
illustrates how costs would be determined, using only inpatient data, 
for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1982, based 
on apportionment of--
    (A) The average cost per diem for general routine services (subject 
to the private room differential provisions of paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of 
this section);
    (B) The average cost per diem for each intensive care type unit;
    (C) The ratio of beneficiary charges to total charges applied to 
cost by department.

                                                   Hospital Y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             Ratio of
                                                 Charges to                beneficiary                 Cost of
                  Department                      program        Total      charges to   Total cost  beneficiary
                                               beneficiaries    charges       total                    services
                                                                             charges
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            Percent
                                              ------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating rooms..............................       $20,000       $70,000      28\4/7\      $77,000      $22,000
Delivery rooms...............................             0        12,000            0       30,000            0
Pharmacy.....................................        20,000        60,000      33\1/3\       45,000       15,000
X-ray........................................        24,000       100,000           24       75,000       18,000
Laboratory...................................        40,000       140,000      28\4/7\       98,000       28,000
Others.......................................         6,000        30,000           20       25,000        5,000
                                              ------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total..................................       110,000       412,000  ...........      350,000       88,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Total                    Average     Program in    Cost of
                                                  inpatient    Total cost    cost per     patient    beneficiary
                                                     days                      diem         days       services
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General routine................................       30,000     $630,000          $21        8,000     $168,000
Coronary care unit.............................          500       20,000           40          200        8,000

[[Page 650]]

 
Intensive care unit............................        3,000      108,000           36        1,000       36,000
                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      33,500      758,000  ...........        9,200      212,000
                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
      Total....................................  ...........  ...........  ...........  ...........      300,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) The following illustrates how apportionment based on an average 
cost per diem for general routine services is determined.

                                                   Hospital E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                       Private        Semi-private
                              Facts                                accommodations    accommodations      Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total charges...................................................           $20,000          $175,000    $195,000
Total days......................................................               100             1,000       1,100
Programs days...................................................                70               400         470
Medically necessary for program beneficiaries...................                20  ................          20
    Total general routine service costs.........................  ................  ................    165,000
Average private room per diem charge ($20,000 private room charges / 100 days)......................    \1\ $200
Average semi-private room per diem charge ($175,000 semi-private charge / 1,000 days)...............   \1\ $175
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Per diem.
 Average per diem private room cost differential.
1. Average per diem private room charge differential ($200 private room per diem--$175, semi-private room per
  diem), $25.
2. Inpatient general routine cost/charge ratio ($165,000 total costs / $195,000 total charges), 0.8461538.
3. Average per diem private room cost differential ($25 charge differential x .8461538 cost/charge ratio),
  $21.15.
 Average cost per diem for inpatient general routine services.
4. Total private room cost differential ($21.15 average per diem cost differential x 100 private room days),
  $2,115.
5. Total inpatient general routine service costs net of private room cost differential ($165,000 total routine
  cost -$2,115 private room cost differential), $162,885.
6. Average cost per diem for inpatient general routine services ($162,885 routine cost net of private room cost
  differential / 1,100 patient days), $148.08.
 Medicare general routine service cost.
7. Total routine per diem cost applicable to Medicare ($148.08 average cost per diem x 470 Medicare private and
  semi-private patient days), $69,598.
8. Total private room cost differential applicable to Medicare ($21.15 average per diem private room cost
  differential x 20 medically necessary private room days), $423.
9. Medicare inpatient general routine service cost ($423 Medicare private room cost differential + $69,598
  Medicare cost of general routine inpatient services), $70,021.

    (2) Carve out method. The following illustrates how apportionment is 
determined in a hospital reimbursed under the carve out method (subject 
to the private room differential provisions of paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of 
this section):

                               Hospital K
  [Determination of cost of routine SNF-type and ICF-type services and
                  general routine hospital services\1\]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Days of care
                                        --------------------------------
                 Facts                    General
                                          routine    SNF-type   ICF-type
                                          hospital
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total days of care.....................      2,000        400        100
Medicare days of care..................        600        300
Average Medicaid rate..................        N/A        $35        $20
  Total inpatient general routine service costs: $250,000...............
------------------------------------------------------------------------


 
 
 
Calculation of cost of routine SNF-type services applicable to Medicare:
      $35 x 300 = $10,500
Calculation of cost of general routine hospital services:
    Cost of SNF-type services: $35 x 400....................     $14,000
    Cost of ICF-type services: $20 x 100....................       2,000
                                                             -----------
      Total.................................................     $16,000
Average cost per diem of general routine hospital services:
  $250,000 - $16,000 / 2,000 days = $117
Medicare general routine hospital cost:
    $117 x 600 = $70,200
Total Medicare reasonable cost for general routine inpatient days:
      $10,500 + $70,200 = $80,700
 


[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 59 FR 45401, Sept. 1, 1994; 
61 FR 51616, Oct. 3, 1996; 61 FR 58631, Nov. 18, 1996]

[[Page 651]]



Sec. 413.56  [Reserved]



                     Subpart E_Payments to Providers



Sec. 413.60  Payments to providers: General.

    (a) The fiscal intermediaries will establish a basis for interim 
payments to each provider. This may be done by one of several methods. 
If an intermediary is already paying the provider on a cost basis, the 
intermediary may adjust its rate of payment to an estimate of the result 
under the Medicare principles of reimbursement. If no organization is 
paying the provider on a cost basis, the intermediary may obtain the 
previous year's financial statement from the provider and, by applying 
the principles of reimbursement, compute or approximate an appropriate 
rate of payment. The interim payment may be related to the last year's 
average per diem, or to charges, or to any other ready basis of 
approximating costs.
    (b) At the end of the period, the actual apportionment, based on the 
cost finding and apportionment methods selected by the provider, 
determines the Medicare reimbursement for the actual services provided 
to beneficiaries during the period.
    (c) Basically, therefore, interim payments to providers will be made 
for services throughout the year, with final settlement on a retroactive 
basis at the end of the accounting period. Interim payments will be made 
as often as possible and in no event less frequently than once a month. 
The retroactive payments will take fully into account the costs that 
were actually incurred and settle on an actual, rather than on an 
estimated basis.



Sec. 413.64  Payments to providers: Specific rules.

    (a) Reimbursement on a reasonable cost basis. Providers of services 
paid on the basis of the reasonable cost of services furnished to 
beneficiaries will receive interim payments approximating the actual 
costs of the provider. These payments will be made on the most 
expeditious schedule administratively feasible but not less often than 
monthly. A retroactive adjustment based on actual costs will be made at 
the end of a reporting period.
    (b) Amount and frequency of payment. Medicare states that providers 
of services will be paid the reasonable cost of services furnished to 
beneficiaries. Since actual costs of services cannot be determined until 
the end of the accounting period, the providers must be paid on an 
estimated cost basis during the year. While Medicare provides that 
interim payments will be made no less often than monthly, intermediaries 
are expected to make payments on the most expeditious basis 
administratively feasible. Whatever estimated cost basis is used for 
determining interim payments during the year, the intent is that the 
interim payments shall approximate actual costs as nearly as is 
practicable so that the retroactive adjustment based on actual costs 
will be as small as possible.
    (c) Interim payments during initial reporting period. At the 
beginning of the program or when a provider first participates in the 
program, it will be necessary to establish interim rates of payment to 
providers of services. Once a provider has filed a cost report under the 
Medicare program, the cost report may be used as a basis for determining 
the interim rate of reimbursement for the following period. However, 
since initially there is no previous history of cost under the program, 
the interim rate of payment must be determined by other methods, 
including the following:
    (1) If the intermediary is already paying the provider on a cost or 
cost-related basis, the intermediary will adjust its rate of payment to 
the program's principles of reimbursement. This rate may be either an 
amount per inpatient day, or a percent of the provider's charges for 
services furnished to the program's beneficiaries.
    (2) If an organization other than the intermediary is paying the 
provider for services on a cost or cost-related basis, the intermediary 
may obtain from that organization or from the provider itself the rate 
of payment being used and other cost information as may be needed to 
adjust that rate of payment to give recognition to the program's 
principles of reimbursement.
    (3) It no organization is paying the provider on a cost or cost-
related basis, the intermediary will obtain the previous year's 
financial statement from

[[Page 652]]

the provider. By analysis of such statement in light of the principles 
of reimbursement, the intermediary will compute an appropriate rate of 
payment.
    (4) After the initial interim rate has been set, the provider may at 
any time request, and be allowed, an appropriate increase in the 
computed rate, upon presentation of satisfactory evidence to the 
intermediary that costs have increased. Likewise, the intermediary may 
adjust the interim rate of payment if it has evidence that actual costs 
may fall significantly below the computed rate.
    (d) Interim payments for new providers. (1) Newly-established 
providers will not have cost experience on which to base a determination 
of an interim rate of payment. In such cases, the intermediary will use 
the following methods to determine an appropriate rate:
    (i) If there is a provider or providers comparable in substantially 
all relevant factors to the provider for which the rate is needed, the 
intermediary will base an interim rate of payment on the costs of the 
comparable provider.
    (ii) If there are no substantially comparable providers from whom 
data are available, the intermediary will determine an interim rate of 
payment based on the budgeted or projected costs of the provider.
    (2) Under either method, the intermediary will review the provider's 
cost experience after a period of three months. If need for an 
adjustment is indicated, the interim rate of payment will be adjusted in 
line with the provider's cost experience.
    (e) Interim payments after initial reporting period. Interim rates 
of payment for services provided after the initial reporting period will 
be established on the basis of the cost report filed for the previous 
year covering Medicare services. The current rate will be determined--
whether on a per diem or percentage of charges basis--using the previous 
year's costs of covered services and making any appropriate adjustments 
required to bring, as closely as possible, the current year's rate of 
interim payment into agreement with current year's costs. This interim 
rate of payment may be adjusted by the intermediary during an accounting 
period if the provider submits appropriate evidence that its actual 
costs are or will be significantly higher than the computed rate. 
Likewise, the intermediary may adjust the interim rate of payment if it 
has evidence that actual costs may fall significantly below the computed 
rate.
    (f) Retroactive adjustment. (1) Medicare provides that providers of 
services will be paid amounts determined to be due, but not less often 
than monthly, with necessary adjustments due to previously made 
overpayments or underpayments. Interim payments are made on the basis of 
estimated costs. Actual costs reimbursable to a provider cannot be 
determined until the cost reports are filed and costs are verified. 
Therefore, a retroactive adjustment will be made at the end of the 
reporting period to bring the interim payments made to the provider 
during the period into agreement with the reimbursable amount payable to 
the provider for the services furnished to program beneficiaries during 
that period.
    (2) In order to reimburse the provider as quickly as possible, an 
initial retroactive adjustment will be made as soon as the cost report 
is received. For this purpose, the costs will be accepted as reported, 
unless there are obvious errors or inconsistencies, subject to later 
audit. When an audit is made and the final liability of the program is 
determined, a final adjustment will be made.
    (3) To determine the retroactive adjustment, the amount of the 
provider's total allowable cost apportioned to the program for the 
reporting year is computed. This is the total amount of reimbursement 
the provider is due to receive from the program and the beneficiaries 
for covered services furnished during the reporting period. The total of 
the interim payments made by the program in the reporting year and the 
deductibles and coinsurance amounts receivable from beneficiaries is 
computed. The difference between the reimbursement due and the payments 
made is the amount of the retroactive adjustment.
    (g) Accelerated payments to providers. Upon request, an accelerated 
payment may be made to a provider of services that is not receiving 
periodic interim

[[Page 653]]

payments under paragraph (h) of this section if the provider has 
experienced financial difficulties due to a delay by the intermediary in 
making payments or in exceptional situations, in which the provider has 
experienced a temporary delay in preparing and submitting bills to the 
intermediary beyond its normal billing cycle. Any such payment must be 
approved first by the intermediary and then by CMS. The amount of the 
payment is computed as a percentage of the net reimbursement for 
unbilled or unpaid covered services. Recovery of the accelerated payment 
may be made by recoupment as provider bills are processed or by direct 
payment.
    (h) Periodic interim payment method of reimbursement--(1) Covered 
services furnished before July 1, 1987. In addition to the regular 
methods of interim payment on individual provider billings for covered 
services, the periodic interim payment (PIP) method is available for 
Part A hospital and SNF inpatient services.
    (2) Covered services furnished on or after July 1, 1987. Effective 
with claims received on or after July l, 1987, or as otherwise 
specified, the periodic interim payment (PIP) method is available for 
the following:
    (i) Part A inpatient services furnished in hospitals that are 
excluded from the prospective payment systems, as specified in Sec. 
412.1(a)(1) of this chapter under subpart B of part 412 of this 
subchapter, or are paid under the prospective payment systems described 
in subpart N, O, and P of part 412 of this chapter.
    (ii) Part A services furnished in hospitals receiving payment in 
accordance with a demonstration project authorized under section 402(a) 
of Public Law 90-248 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1) or section 222(a) of Public Law 
92-603 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1 (note)), or a State reimbursement control 
system approved under section 1886(c) of the Act and subpart C of part 
403 of this chapter, if that type of payment is specifically approved by 
CMS as an integral part of the demonstration or control system. If that 
type of payment is not an integral part of the demonstration or control 
system, PIP is available for the hospital under paragraph (h)(1)(i) of 
this section for hospitals excluded from the prospective payment systems 
or under Sec. 412.116(b) of this chapter for prospective payment 
hospitals.
    (iii) Part A SNF services furnished in cost reporting periods 
beginning before July 1, 1998. (For services furnished in subsequent 
cost reporting periods, see Sec. 413.350 regarding periodic interim 
payments for skilled nursing facilities).
    (iv) Part A services furnished in hospitals paid under the 
prospective payment system, including distinct part psychiatric or 
rehabilitation units, as described in Sec. 412.116(b) of this chapter.
    (v) Services furnished in a hospice as specified in part 418 of this 
chapter. Payment on a PIP basis is described in Sec. 418.307 of this 
chapter.
    (vi) Effective for payments made on or after July 1, 2004, inpatient 
CAH services furnished by a CAH as specified in Sec. 413.70. Payment on 
a PIP basis is described in Sec. 413.70(d).
    (3) Any participating provider furnishing the services described in 
paragraphs (h)(1) and (h)(2) of this section that establishes to the 
satisfaction of the intermediary that it meets the following 
requirements may elect to be reimbursed under the PIP method, beginning 
with the first month after its request that the intermediary finds 
administratively feasible:
    (i) The provider's estimated total Medicare reimbursement for 
inpatient services is at least $25,000 a year computed under the PIP 
formula or, in the case of an HHA, either its estimated--
    (A) Total Medicare reimbursement for Part A and Part B services is 
at least $25,000 a year computed under the PIP formula; or
    (B) Medicare reimbursement computed under the PIP formula is at 
least 50 percent of estimated total allowable cost.
    (ii) The provider has filed at least one completed Medicare cost 
report accepted by the intermediary as providing an accurate basis for 
computation of program payment (except in the case of a provider 
requesting reimbursement under the PIP method upon first entering the 
Medicare program).
    (iii) The provider has the continuing capability of maintaining in 
its records the cost, charge, and statistical data

[[Page 654]]

needed to accurately complete a Medicare cost report on a timely basis.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (5) The intermediary's approval of a provider's request for 
reimbursement under the PIP method will be conditioned upon the 
intermediary's best judgment as to whether payment can be made to the 
provider under the PIP method without undue risk of its resulting in an 
overpayment because of greatly varying or substantially declining 
Medicare utilization, inadequate billing practices, or other 
circumstances. The intermediary may terminate PIP reimbursement to a 
provider at any time it determines that the provider no longer meets the 
qualifying requirements or that the provider's experience under the PIP 
method shows that proper payment cannot be made under this method.
    (6) Payment will be made biweekly under the PIP method unless the 
provider requests a longer fixed interval (not to exceed one month) 
between payments. The payment amount will be computed by the 
intermediary to approximate, on the average, the cost of covered 
inpatient or home health services furnished by the provider during the 
period for which the payment is to be made, and each payment will be 
made two weeks after the end of such period of services. Upon request, 
the intermediary will, if feasible, compute the provider's payments to 
recognize significant seasonal variation in Medicare utilization of 
services on a quarterly basis starting with the beginning of the 
provider's reporting year.
    (7) A provider's PIP amount may be appropriately adjusted at any 
time if the provider presents or the intermediary otherwise obtains 
evidence relating to the provider's costs or Medicare utilization that 
warrants such adjustment. In addition, the intermediary will recompute 
the payment immediately upon completion of the desk review of a 
provider's cost report and also at regular intervals not less often than 
quarterly. The intermediary may make a retroactive lump sum interim 
payment to a provider, based upon an increase in its PIP amount, in 
order to bring past interim payments for the provider's current cost 
reporting period into line with the adjusted payment amount. The 
objective of intermediary monitoring of provider costs and utilization 
is to assure payments approximating, as closely as possible, the 
reimbursement to be determined at settlement for the cost reporting 
period. A significant factor in evaluating the amount of the payment in 
terms of the realization of the projected Medicare utilization of 
services is the timely submittal to the intermediary of completed 
admission and billing forms. All providers must complete billings in 
detail under this method as under regular interim payment procedures.
    (i) Bankruptcy or insolvency of provider. If on the basis of 
reliable evidence, the intermediary has a valid basis for believing 
that, with respect to a provider, proceedings have been or will shortly 
be instituted in a State or Federal court for purposes of determining 
whether such provider is insolvent or bankrupt under an appropriate 
State or Federal law, any payments to the provider will be adjusted by 
the intermediary, notwithstanding any other regulation or program 
instruction regarding the timing or manner of such adjustments, to a 
level necessary to insure that no overpayment to the provider is made.
    (j) Interest payments resulting from judicial review--(1) 
Application. If a provider of services seeks judicial review by a 
Federal court (see Sec. 405.1877 of this chapter) of a decision 
furnished by the Provider Reimbursement Review Board or subsequent 
reversal, affirmation, or modification by the Secretary, the amount of 
any award of such Federal court will be increased by interest payable by 
the party against whom the judgment is made (see Sec. 413.153 for 
treatment of interest). The interest is payable for the period beginning 
on the first day of the first month following the 180-day period which 
began on either the date the intermediary made a final determination or 
the date the intermediary would have made a final determination had it 
been done on a timely basis (see Sec. Sec. 405.1835(b) and 405.1841(a) 
of this chapter).
    (2) Amount due. Section 1878(f) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 1395oo(f), 
authorizes a court to award interest in favor of the prevailing party on 
any amount due as

[[Page 655]]

a result of the court's decision. If the intermediary withheld any 
portion of the amount in controversy prior to the date the provider 
seeks judicial review by a Federal court, and the Medicare program is 
the prevailing party, interest is payable by the provider only on the 
amount not withheld. Similarly, if the Medicare program seeks to recover 
amounts previously paid to a provider, and the provider is the 
prevailing party, interest on the amounts previously paid to a provider 
is not payable by the Medicare program since that amount had been paid 
and is not due the provider.
    (3) Rate. The amount of interest to be paid is equal to the rate of 
return on equity capital (see Sec. 413.157) in effect for the month in 
which the civil action is commenced.

    Example: An intermediary made a final determination on the amount of 
Medicare program reimbursement on June 15, 1974, and the provider 
appealed that determination to the Provider Reimbursement Review Board. 
The Board heard the appeal and rendered a decision adverse to the 
provider. On October 28, 1974, the provider commenced civil action to 
have such decision reviewed. The rate of return on equity capital for 
the month of October 1974 was 11.625 percent. The period for which 
interest is computed begins on January 1, 1975, and the interest 
beginning January 1, 1975, would be at the rate of 11.625 percent per 
annum.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 51 FR 42238, Nov. 24, 1986; 
53 FR 1628, Jan. 21, 1988; 57 FR 39830, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 36713, July 
19, 1994; 64 FR 41682, July 30, 1999; 65 FR 41211, July 3, 2000; 66 FR 
41394, Aug. 7, 2001; 67 FR 56056, Aug. 30, 2002; 69 FR 49252, Aug. 11, 
2004; 69 FR 66981, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 413.65  Requirements for a determination that a facility or an 
organization has provider-based status.

    (a) Scope and definitions. (1) Scope. (i) This section applies to 
all facilities for which provider-based status is sought, including 
remote locations of hospitals, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section and satellite facilities as defined in Sec. 412.22(h)(1) and 
Sec. 412.25(e)(1) of this chapter, other than facilities described in 
paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (ii) The determinations of provider-based status for payment 
purposes described in this section are not made as to whether the 
following facilities are provider-based:
    (A) Ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs).
    (B) Comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities (CORFs).
    (C) Home health agencies (HHAs).
    (D) Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) (determinations for SNFs are 
made in accordance with the criteria set forth in Sec. 483.5 of this 
chapter).
    (E) Hospices.
    (F) Inpatient rehabilitation units that are excluded from the 
inpatient PPS for acute hospital services.
    (G) Independent diagnostic testing facilities furnishing only 
services paid under a fee schedule, such as facilities that furnish only 
screening mammography services (as defined in section 1861(jj) of the 
Act), facilities that furnish only clinical diagnostic laboratory tests, 
or facilities that furnish only some combination of these services.
    (H) Facilities, other than those operating as parts of CAHs, 
furnishing only physical, occupational, or speech therapy to ambulatory 
patients, for as long as the $1,500 annual cap on coverage of physical, 
occupational, or speech therapy, as described in section 1833(g)(2) of 
the Act, remains suspended by the action of subsequent legislation.
    (I) ESRD facilities (determinations for ESRD facilities are made 
under Sec. 413.174 of this chapter).
    (J) Departments of providers that perform functions necessary for 
the successful operation of the providers but do not furnish services of 
a type for which separate payment could be claimed under Medicare or 
Medicaid (for example, laundry or medical records departments).
    (K) Ambulances.
    (L) Rural health clinics (RHCs) affiliated with hospitals having 50 
or more beds.
    (2) Definitions. In this subpart E, unless the context indicates 
otherwise--
    Campus means the physical area immediately adjacent to the 
provider's main buildings, other areas and structures that are not 
strictly contiguous to the main buildings but are located within 250 
yards of the main buildings, and any other areas determined on an

[[Page 656]]

individual case basis, by the CMS regional office, to be part of the 
provider's campus.
    Department of a provider means a facility or organization that is 
either created by, or acquired by, a main provider for the purpose of 
furnishing health care services of the same type as those furnished by 
the main provider under the name, ownership, and financial and 
administrative control of the main provider, in accordance with the 
provisions of this section. A department of a provider comprises both 
the specific physical facility that serves as the site of services of a 
type for which payment could be claimed under the Medicare or Medicaid 
program, and the personnel and equipment needed to deliver the services 
at that facility. A department of a provider may not by itself be 
qualified to participate in Medicare as a provider under Sec. 489.2 of 
this chapter, and the Medicare conditions of participation do not apply 
to a department as an independent entity. For purposes of this part, the 
term ``department of a provider'' does not include an RHC or, except as 
specified in paragraph (n) of this section, an FQHC.
    Free-standing facility means an entity that furnishes health care 
services to Medicare beneficiaries and that is not integrated with any 
other entity as a main provider, a department of a provider, remote 
location of a hospital, satellite facility, or a provider-based entity.
    Main provider means a provider that either creates, or acquires 
ownership of, another entity to deliver additional health care services 
under its name, ownership, and financial and administrative control.
    Provider-based entity means a provider of health care services, or 
an RHC as defined in Sec. 405.2401(b) of this chapter, that is either 
created by, or acquired by, a main provider for the purpose of 
furnishing health care services of a different type from those of the 
main provider under the ownership and administrative and financial 
control of the main provider, in accordance with the provisions of this 
section. A provider-based entity comprises both the specific physical 
facility that serves as the site of services of a type for which payment 
could be claimed under the Medicare or Medicaid program, and the 
personnel and equipment needed to deliver the services at that facility. 
A provider-based entity may, by itself, be qualified to participate in 
Medicare as a provider under Sec. 489.2 of this chapter, and the 
Medicare conditions of participation do apply to a provider-based entity 
as an independent entity.
    Provider-based status means the relationship between a main provider 
and a provider-based entity or a department of a provider, remote 
location of a hospital, or satellite facility, that complies with the 
provisions of this section.
    Remote location of a hospital means a facility or an organization 
that is either created by, or acquired by, a hospital that is a main 
provider for the purpose of furnishing inpatient hospital services under 
the name, ownership, and financial and administrative control of the 
main provider, in accordance with the provisions of this section. A 
remote location of a hospital comprises both the specific physical 
facility that serves as the site of services for which separate payment 
could be claimed under the Medicare or Medicaid program, and the 
personnel and equipment needed to deliver the services at that facility. 
The Medicare conditions of participation do not apply to a remote 
location of a hospital as an independent entity. For purposes of this 
part, the term ``remote location of a hospital'' does not include a 
satellite facility as defined in Sec. 412.22(h)(1) and Sec. 
412.25(e)(1) of this chapter.
    (b) Provider-based determinations.--(1) A facility or organization 
is not entitled to be treated as provider-based simply because it or the 
main provider believe it is provider-based.
    (2) If a facility was treated as provider-based in relation to a 
hospital or CAH on October 1, 2000, it will continue to be considered 
provider-based in relation to that hospital or CAH until the start of 
the hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or after July 1, 
2003. The requirements, limitations, and exclusions specified in 
paragraphs (d), (e), (f), (h), and (i) of this section will not apply to 
that hospital or CAH until the start of the hospital's first cost 
reporting period beginning on or

[[Page 657]]

after July 1, 2003. For purposes of this paragraph (b)(2), a facility is 
considered as provider-based on October 1, 2000 if, on that date, it 
either had a written determination from CMS that it was provider-based, 
or was billing and being paid as a provider-based department or entity 
of the hospital.
    (3)(i) Except as specified in paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(5) of this 
section, if a potential main provider seeks a determination of provider-
based status for a facility that is located on the campus of the 
potential main provider, the provider would be required to submit an 
attestation stating that the facility meets the criteria in paragraph 
(d) of this section and, if it is a hospital, also attest that it will 
fulfill the obligations of hospital outpatient departments and hospital-
based entities described in paragraph (g) of this section. The provider 
seeking such a determination would also be required to maintain 
documentation of the basis for its attestations and to make that 
documentation available to CMS and to CMS contractors upon request. If 
the facility is operated as a joint venture, the provider would also 
have to attest that it will comply with the requirements of paragraph 
(f) of this section.
    (ii) If the facility is not located on the campus of the potential 
main provider, the provider seeking a determination would be required to 
submit an attestation stating that the facility meets the criteria in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, and if the facility is operated 
under a management contract, the requirements of paragraph (h) of this 
section. If the potential main provider is a hospital, the hospital also 
would be required to attest that it will fulfill the obligations of 
hospital outpatient departments and hospital-based entities described in 
paragraph (g) of this section. The provider would be required to supply 
documentation of the basis for its attestations to CMS at the time it 
submits its attestations.
    (iii) Whenever a provider submits an attestation of provider-based 
status for an on-campus facility or organization, as described in 
paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, CMS will send the provider written 
acknowledgment of receipt of the attestation, review the attestation for 
completeness, consistency with the criteria in this section, and 
consistency with information in the possession of CMS at the time the 
attestation is received, and make a determination as to whether the 
facility or organization is provider-based.
    (iv) Whenever a provider submits an attestation of provider-based 
status for an off-campus facility or organization, as described in 
paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section, CMS will send the provider written 
acknowledgment of receipt of the attestation, review the attestation for 
completeness, consistency with the criteria in this section, consistency 
with the documentation submitted with the attestation and consistency 
with information in the possession of CMS at the time the attestation is 
received, and make a determination as to whether the facility or 
organization is provider-based.
    (4) A facility that is not located on the campus of a hospital and 
that is used as a site where physician services of the kind ordinarily 
furnished in physician offices are furnished is presumed as a free-
standing facility, unless CMS determines the facility has provider-based 
status.
    (5) A facility that has requested provider-based status in relation 
to a hospital or CAH on or after October 1, 2000 and before October 1, 
2002 will be treated as provider-based in relation to the hospital or 
CAH from the first date on or after October 1, 2000 on which the 
facility was licensed (to the extent required by the State), staffed and 
equipped to treat patients until the date on which CMS determines that 
the facility does not qualify for provider-based status.
    (c) Reporting of material changes in relationships. A main provider 
that has had one or more facilities or organizations considered 
provider-based also may report to CMS any material change in the 
relationship between it and any provider-based facility or organization, 
such as a change in ownership of the facility or organization or entry 
into a new or different management contract that would affect the 
provider-based status of the facility or organization.

[[Page 658]]

    (d) Requirements applicable to all facilities or organizations. Any 
facility or organization for which provider-based status is sought, 
whether located on or off the campus of a potential main provider, must 
meet all of the following requirements to be determined by CMS to have 
provider-based status:
    (1) Licensure. The department of the provider, the remote location 
of a hospital, or the satellite facility and the main provider are 
operated under the same license, except in areas where the State 
requires a separate license for the department of the provider, the 
remote location of a hospital, or the satellite facility, or in States 
where State law does not permit licensure of the provider and the 
prospective department of the provider, the remote location of a 
hospital, or the satellite facility under a single license. If a State 
health facilities' cost review commission or other agency that has 
authority to regulate the rates charged by hospitals or other providers 
in a State finds that a particular facility or organization is not part 
of a provider, CMS will determine that the facility or organization does 
not have provider-based status.
    (2) Clinical services. The clinical services of the facility or 
organization seeking provider-based status and the main provider are 
integrated as evidenced by the following:
    (i) Professional staff of the facility or organization have clinical 
privileges at the main provider.
    (ii) The main provider maintains the same monitoring and oversight 
of the facility or organization as it does for any other department of 
the provider.
    (iii) The medical director of the facility or organization seeking 
provider-based status maintains a reporting relationship with the chief 
medical officer or other similar official of the main provider that has 
the same frequency, intensity, and level of accountability that exists 
in the relationship between the medical director of a department of the 
main provider and the chief medical officer or other similar official of 
the main provider, and is under the same type of supervision and 
accountability as any other director, medical or otherwise, of the main 
provider.
    (iv) Medical staff committees or other professional committees at 
the main provider are responsible for medical activities in the facility 
or organization, including quality assurance, utilization review, and 
the coordination and integration of services, to the extent practicable, 
between the facility or organization seeking provider-based status and 
the main provider.
    (v) Medical records for patients treated in the facility or 
organization are integrated into a unified retrieval system (or cross 
reference) of the main provider.
    (vi) Inpatient and outpatient services of the facility or 
organization and the main provider are integrated, and patients treated 
at the facility or organization who require further care have full 
access to all services of the main provider and are referred where 
appropriate to the corresponding inpatient or outpatient department or 
service of the main provider.
    (3) Financial integration. The financial operations of the facility 
or organization are fully integrated within the financial system of the 
main provider, as evidenced by shared income and expenses between the 
main provider and the facility or organization. The costs of a facility 
or organization that is a hospital department are reported in a cost 
center of the provider, costs of a provider-based facility or 
organization other than a hospital department are reported in the 
appropriate cost center or cost centers of the main provider, and the 
financial status of any provider-based facility or organization is 
incorporated and readily identified in the main provider's trial 
balance.
    (4) Public awareness. The facility or organization seeking status as 
a department of a provider, a remote location of a hospital, or a 
satellite facility is held out to the public and other payers as part of 
the main provider. When patients enter the provider-based facility or 
organization, they are aware that they are entering the main provider 
and are billed accordingly.
    (5) Obligations of hospital outpatient departments and hospital-
based entities. In the case of a hospital outpatient department or a 
hospital-based entity, the facility or organization must fulfill the 
obligations of hospital outpatient

[[Page 659]]

departments and hospital-based entities described in paragraph (g) of 
this section.
    (e) Additional requirements applicable to off-campus facilities or 
organizations. Except as described in paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(5) of 
this section, any facility or organization for which provider-based 
status is sought that is not located on the campus of a potential main 
provider must meet both the requirements in paragraph (d) of this 
section and all of the following additional requirements, in order to be 
determined by CMS to have provider-based status.
    (1) Operation under the ownership and control of the main provider. 
The facility or organization seeking provider-based status is operated 
under the ownership and control of the main provider, as evidenced by 
the following:
    (i) The business enterprise that constitutes the facility or 
organization is 100 percent owned by the main provider.
    (ii) The main provider and the facility or organization seeking 
status as a department of the main provider, a remote location of a 
hospital, or a satellite facility have the same governing body.
    (iii) The facility or organization is operated under the same 
organizational documents as the main provider. For example, the facility 
or organization seeking provider-based status must be subject to common 
bylaws and operating decisions of the governing body of the main 
provider where it is based.
    (iv) The main provider has final responsibility for administrative 
decisions, final approval for contracts with outside parties, final 
approval for personnel actions, final responsibility for personnel 
policies (such as fringe benefits or code of conduct), and final 
approval for medical staff appointments in the facility or organization.
    (2) Administration and supervision. The reporting relationship 
between the facility or organization seeking provider-based status and 
the main provider must have the same frequency, intensity, and level of 
accountability that exists in the relationship between the main provider 
and one of its existing departments, as evidenced by compliance with all 
of the following requirements:
    (i) The facility or organization is under the direct supervision of 
the main provider.
    (ii) The facility or organization is operated under the same 
monitoring and oversight by the provider as any other department of the 
provider, and is operated just as any other department of the provider 
with regard to supervision and accountability. The facility or 
organization director or individual responsible for daily operations at 
the entity--
    (A) Maintains a reporting relationship with a manager at the main 
provider that has the same frequency, intensity, and level of 
accountability that exists in the relationship between the main provider 
and its existing departments; and
    (B) Is accountable to the governing body of the main provider, in 
the same manner as any department head of the provider.
    (iii) The following administrative functions of the facility or 
organization are integrated with those of the provider where the 
facility or organization is based: billing services, records, human 
resources, payroll, employee benefit package, salary structure, and 
purchasing services. Either the same employees or group of employees 
handle these administrative functions for the facility or organization 
and the main provider, or the administrative functions for both the 
facility or organization and the entity are--
    (A) Contracted out under the same contract agreement; or
    (B) Handled under different contract agreements, with the contract 
of the facility or organization being managed by the main provider.
    (3) Location. The facility or organization meets the requirements in 
paragraph (e)(3)(i), (e)(3)(ii), (e)(3)(iii), (e)(3)(iv), (e)(3)(v), or, 
in the case of an RHC, paragraph (e)(3)(vi) of this section, and the 
requirements in paragraph (e)(3)(vii) of this section.
    (i) The facility or organization is located within a 35-mile radius 
of the campus of the hospital or CAH that is the potential main 
provider.
    (ii) The facility or organization is owned and operated by a 
hospital or

[[Page 660]]

CAH that has a disproportionate share adjustment (as determined under 
Sec. 412.106 of this chapter) greater than 11.75 percent or is 
described in Sec. 412.106(c)(2) of this chapter implementing section 
1886(d)(5)(F)(i)(II) of the Act and is--
    (A) Owned or operated by a unit of State or local government;
    (B) A public or nonprofit corporation that is formally granted 
governmental powers by a unit of State or local government; or
    (C) A private hospital that has a contract with a State or local 
government that includes the operation of clinics located off the main 
campus of the hospital to assure access in a well-defined service area 
to health care services for low-income individuals who are not entitled 
to benefits under Medicare (or medical assistance under a Medicaid State 
plan).
    (iii) The facility or organization demonstrates a high level of 
integration with the main provider by showing that it meets all of the 
other provider-based criteria and demonstrates that it serves the same 
patient population as the main provider, by submitting records showing 
that, during the 12-month period immediately preceding the first day of 
the month in which the application for provider-based status is filed 
with CMS, and for each subsequent 12-month period--
    (A) At least 75 percent of the patients served by the facility or 
organization reside in the same zip code areas as at least 75 percent of 
the patients served by the main provider; or
    (B) At least 75 percent of the patients served by the facility or 
organization who required the type of care furnished by the main 
provider received that care from that provider (for example, at least 75 
percent of the patients of an RHC seeking provider-based status received 
inpatient hospital services from the hospital that is the main 
provider).
    (iv) If the facility or organization is unable to meet the criteria 
in paragraph (e)(3)(iii)(A) or paragraph (e)(3)(iii)(B) of this section 
because it was not in operation during all of the 12-month period 
described in paragraph (e)(3)(iii) of this section, the facility or 
organization is located in a zip code area included among those that, 
during all of the 12-month period described in paragraph (e)(3)(iii) of 
this section, accounted for at least 75 percent of the patients served 
by the main provider.
    (v) The facility or organization meets all of the following 
criteria:
    (A) The facility or organization is seeking provider-based status 
with respect to a hospital that meets the criteria in Sec. 412.23(d) 
for reimbursement under Medicare as a children's hospital;
    (B) The facility or organization meets the criteria for identifying 
intensive care type units set forth in the Medicare reasonable cost 
reimbursement regulations under Sec. 413.53(d).
    (C) The facility or organization accepts only patients who are 
newborn infants who require intensive care on an inpatient basis.
    (D) The hospital in which the facility or organization is physically 
located is in a rural area as defined in Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(C) of 
this chapter.
    (E) The facility or organization is located within a 100-mile radius 
of the children's hospital that is the potential main provider.
    (F) The facility or organization is located at least 35 miles from 
the nearest other neonatal intensive care unit.
    (G) The facility or organization meets all other requirements for 
provider-based status under this section.
    (vi) Both of the following criteria are met:
    (A) The facility or organization is an RHC that is otherwise 
qualified as a provider-based entity of a hospital that has fewer than 
50 beds, as determined under Sec. 412.105(b) of this chapter; and
    (B) The hospital with which the facility or organization has a 
provider-based relationship is located in a rural area, as defined in 
Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(C) of this subchapter.
    (vii) A facility or organization may qualify for provider-based 
status under this section only if the facility or organization and the 
main provider are located in the same State or, when consistent with the 
laws of both States, in adjacent States.
    (f) Provider-based status for joint ventures. In order for a 
facility or organization operated as a joint venture to be considered 
provider-based, the facility or organization must--

[[Page 661]]

    (1) Be partially owned by at least one provider'
    (2) Be located on the main campus of a provider who is a partial 
owner;
    (3) Be provider-based to that one provider whose campus on which the 
facility or organization is located; and
    (4) Also meet all the requirements applicable to all provider-based 
facilities and organizations in paragraph (d) of this section. For 
example, where a provider has jointly purchased or jointly created a 
facility under joint venture arrangements with one or more other 
providers, and the facility is not located on the campus of the provider 
or the campus of any other provider engaged in the joint venture 
arrangement, no party to the joint venture arrangement can claim the 
facility as provider-based.
    (g) Obligations of hospital outpatient departments and hospital-
based entities. To qualify for provider-based status in relation to a 
hospital, a facility or organization must comply with the following 
requirements:
    (1) The following departments must comply with the antidumping rules 
of Sec. 489.20(l), (m), (q), and (r) and Sec. 489.24 of this chapter:
    (i) Any facility or organization that is located on the main 
hospital campus and is treated by Medicare under this section as a 
department of the hospital; and
    (ii) Any facility or organization that is located off the main 
hospital campus that is treated by Medicare under this section as a 
department of the hospital and is a dedicated emergency department, as 
defined in Sec. 489.24(b) of this chapter.
    (2) Physician services furnished in hospital outpatient departments 
or hospital-based entities (other than RHCs) must be billed with the 
correct site-of-service so that appropriate physician and practitioner 
payment amounts can be determined under the rules of Part 414 of this 
chapter.
    (3) Hospital outpatient departments must comply with all the terms 
of the hospital's provider agreement.
    (4) Physicians who work in hospital outpatient departments or 
hospital-based entities are obligated to comply with the non-
discrimination provisions in Sec. 489.10(b) of this chapter.
    (5) Hospital outpatient departments (other than RHCs) must treat all 
Medicare patients, for billing purposes, as hospital outpatients. The 
department must not treat some Medicare patients as hospital outpatients 
and others as physician office patients.
    (6) In the case of a patient admitted to the hospital as an 
inpatient after receiving treatment in the hospital outpatient 
department or hospital-based entity, payments for services in the 
hospital outpatient department or hospital-based entity are subject to 
the payment window provisions applicable to PPS hospitals and to 
hospitals and units excluded from PPS set forth at Sec. 412.2(c)(5) of 
this chapter and at Sec. 413.40(c)(2), respectively.
    (7) When a Medicare beneficiary is treated in a hospital outpatient 
department that is not located on the main provider's campus, the 
treatment is not required to be provided by the antidumping rules in 
Sec. 489.24 of this chapter, and the beneficiary will incur a 
coinsurance liability for an outpatient visit to the hospital as well as 
for the physician service, the following requirements must be met:
    (i) The hospital must provide written notice to the beneficiary, 
before the delivery of services, of--
    (A) The amount of the beneficiary's potential financial liability; 
or
    (B) If the exact type and extent of care needed are not known, an 
explanation that the beneficiary will incur a coinsurance liability to 
the hospital that he or she would not incur if the facility were not 
provider-based, an estimate based on typical or average charges for 
visits to the facility, and a statement that the patient's actual 
liability will depend upon the actual services furnished by the 
hospital.
    (ii) The notice must be one that the beneficiary can read and 
understand.
    (iii) If the beneficiary is unconscious, under great duress, or for 
any other reason unable to read a written notice and understand and act 
on his or her own rights, the notice must be provided, before the 
delivery of services, to the beneficiary's authorized representative.
    (iv) In cases where a hospital outpatient department provides 
examination or treatment that is required to be

[[Page 662]]

provided by the antidumping rules of Sec. 489.24 of this chapter, 
notice, as described in this paragraph (g)(7), must be given as soon as 
possible after the existence of an emergency has been ruled out or the 
emergency condition has been stabilized.
    (8) Hospital outpatient departments must meet applicable hospital 
health and safety rules for Medicare-participating hospitals in part 482 
of this chapter.
    (h) Management contracts. A facility or organization that is not 
located on the campus of the potential main provider and otherwise meets 
the requirements of paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, but is 
operated under management contracts, must also meet all of the following 
criteria:
    (1) The main provider (or an organization that also employs the 
staff of the main provider and that is not the management company) 
employs the staff of the facility or organization who are directly 
involved in the delivery of patient care, except for management staff 
and staff who furnish patient care services of a type that would be paid 
for by Medicare under a fee schedule established by regulations at part 
414 of this chapter. Other than staff that may be paid under such a 
Medicare fee schedule, the main provider may not utilize the services of 
``leased'' employees (that is, personnel who are actually employed by 
the management company but provide services for the provider under a 
staff leasing or similar agreement) that are directly involved in the 
delivery of patient care.
    (2) The administrative functions of the facility or organization are 
integrated with those of the main provider, as determined under criteria 
in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (3) The main provider has significant control over the operations of 
the facility or organization as determined under criteria in paragraph 
(e)(2)(ii) of this section.
    (4) The management contract is held by the main provider itself, not 
by a parent organization that has control over both the main provider 
and the facility or organization.
    (i) Furnishing all services under arrangement. A facility or 
organization may not qualify for provider-based status if all patient 
care services furnished at the facility or organization are furnished 
under arrangements.
    (j) Inappropriate treatment of a facility or organization as 
provider-based--(1) Determination and review. If CMS learns that a 
provider has treated a facility or organization as provider-based and 
the provider did not request a determination of provider-based status 
from CMS under paragraph (b)(3) of this section and CMS determines that 
the facility or organization did not meet the requirements for provider-
based status under paragraphs (d) through (i) of this section, as 
applicable (or, in any period before the effective date of these 
regulations, the provider-based requirements in effect under Medicare 
program regulations or instructions), CMS will--
    (i) Issue notice to the provider in accordance with paragraph (j)(3) 
of this section, adjust the amount of future payments to the provider 
for services of the facility or organization in accordance with 
paragraph (j)(4) of this section, and continue payments to the provider 
for services of the facility or organization only in accordance with 
paragraph (j)(5) of this section; and
    (ii) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(5), or 
(j)(2) of this section, recover the difference between the amount of 
payments that actually was made and the amount of payments that CMS 
estimates should have been made, in the absence of compliance with the 
provider-based requirements, to that provider for services at the 
facility or organization for all cost reporting periods subject to 
reopening in accordance with Sec. Sec. 405.1885 and 405.1889 of this 
chapter.
    (2) Exception for good faith effort. CMS will not recover any 
payments for any period before the beginning of the hospital's first 
cost reporting period beginning on or after January 10, 2001, if, during 
all of that period--
    (i) The requirements regarding licensure and public awareness in 
paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(4) of this section were met;
    (ii) All facility services were billed as if they had been furnished 
by a department of a provider, a remote location of a hospital, a 
satellite facility, or a

[[Page 663]]

provider-based entity of the main provider; and
    (iii) All professional services of physicians and other 
practitioners were billed with the correct site-of-service indicator, as 
described in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
    (3) Notice to provider. If CMS determines that a facility or 
organization was inappropriately treated as provider-based, CMS will 
issue written notice to the provider that payments for past cost 
reporting periods may be reviewed and recovered as described in 
paragraph (j)(1)(ii) of this section, and that future payments for 
services in or of the facility or organization will be adjusted as 
described in paragraph (j)(4) of this section.
    (4) Adjustment of payments. If CMS determines that a facility or 
organization was inappropriately treated as provider-based, CMS will 
adjust future payments to the provider or the facility or organization, 
or both, to estimate the amounts that would be paid for the same 
services furnished by a freestanding facility.
    (5) Continuation of payment. (i) The notice of denial of provider-
based status sent to the provider will ask the provider to notify CMS in 
writing, within 30 days of the date the notice is issued, of whether the 
provider intends to seek a determination of provider-based status for 
the facility or organization under this section or whether the facility 
or organization (or, where applicable, the practitioners who staff the 
facility or organization) will be seeking to enroll and meet other 
requirements to bill for services in a freestanding facility.
    (ii) If the provider indicates that it will not be seeking a 
determination for the facility or organization under this section or 
that the facility or organization or its practitioners will not be 
seeking to enroll, or if CMS does not receive a response within 30 days 
of the date the notice was issued, all payment under this paragraph 
(j)(5) will end as of the 30th day after the date of notice.
    (iii) If the provider indicates that it will be seeking a 
determination for the facility or organization under this section or 
that the facility or organization or its practitioners will be seeking 
to meet enrollment and other requirements for billing for services in a 
freestanding facility, payment for services of the facility or 
organization will continue, at the adjusted amounts described in 
paragraph (j)(4) of this section, for as long as is required for all 
billing requirements to be met (but not longer than 6 months) if the 
provider or the facility or organization or its practitioners--
    (A) Submits, as applicable, a complete request for a determination 
of provider-based status or a complete enrollment application and 
provide all other required information within 90 days after the date of 
notice; and
    (B) Furnishes all other information needed by CMS to make a 
determination regarding provider-based status or process the enrollment 
application, as applicable, and verifies that other billing requirements 
are met.
    (v) If the necessary applications or information are not provided, 
CMS will terminate all payment to the provider, facility, or 
organization as of the date CMS issues notice that necessary 
applications or information have not been submitted.
    (k) Temporary treatment as provider-based. If a provider submits a 
complete attestation of compliance with the requirements for provider-
based status for a facility or organization that has not previously been 
found by CMS to have been inappropriately treated as provider-based 
under paragraph (j) of this section, the provider may bill and be paid 
for services of the facility or organization as provider-based from the 
date it submits the attestation and any required supporting 
documentation until the date that CMS determines that the facility or 
organization does not meet the provider-based rules. If CMS subsequently 
determines that the requirements for provider-based status are not met, 
CMS will recover the difference between the amount of payments that 
actually was made since the date the complete attestation of compliance 
with provider-based requirements was submitted and the amount of 
payments that CMS estimates should have been made in the absence of 
compliance with the provider-based requirements. For purposes of this 
paragraph (k), a complete attestation of compliance with provider-

[[Page 664]]

based requirements is one that includes all information needed to permit 
CMS to make a determination under paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (l) Correction of errors. (1) If CMS determines that a facility or 
organization that had previously been determined to be provider-based 
under this section no longer qualifies for provider-based status, and 
the failure to qualify for provider-based status resulted from a 
material change in the relationship between the provider and the 
facility or organization that the provider did report to CMS under 
paragraph (c) of this section, treatment of the facility or organization 
as provider-based ceases with the date that CMS determines that the 
facility or organization no longer qualifies for provider-based status.
    (2) If CMS determines that a facility or organization that had 
previously been determined to be provider-based under this section no 
longer qualifies for provider-based status, and if the failure to 
qualify for provider-based status resulted from a material change in the 
relationship between the provider and the facility or organization that 
the provider did not report to CMS under paragraph (c) of this section, 
CMS will take the actions with respect to notice to the provider, 
adjustment of payments, and continuation of payment described in 
paragraphs (j)(3), (j)(4), and (j)(5) of this section, and will recover 
past payments to the provider to the extent described in paragraph 
(j)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (m) Status of Indian Health Service and Tribal facilities and 
organizations. Facilities and organizations operated by the Indian 
Health Service or Tribes will be considered to be departments of 
hospitals operated by the Indian Health Service or Tribes if, on or 
before April 7, 2000, they furnished only services that were billed as 
if they had been furnished by a department of a hospital operated by the 
Indian Health Service or a Tribe and they are:
    (1) Owned and operated by the Indian Health Service;
    (2) Owned by the Tribe but leased from the Tribe by the IHS under 
the Indian Self-Determination Act (Pub. L. 93-638) in accordance with 
applicable regulations and policies of the Indian Health Service in 
consultation with Tribes: or
    (3) Owned by the Indian Health Service but leased and operated by 
the Tribe under the Indian Self-Determination Act (Pub. L. 93-638) in 
accordance with applicable regulations and policies of the Indian Health 
Service in consultation with Tribes.
    (n) FQHCs and ``look alikes.'' A facility that has, since April 7, 
1995, furnished only services that were billed as if they had been 
furnished by a department of a provider will continue to be treated, for 
purposes of this section, as a department of the provider without regard 
to whether it complies with the criteria for provider-based status in 
this section, if the facility--
    (1) Received a grant on or before April 7, 2000 under section 330 of 
the Public Health Service Act and continues to receive funding under 
such a grant, or is receiving funding from a grant made on or before 
April 7, 2000 under section 330 of the Public Health Service Act under a 
contract with the recipient of such a grant, and continues to meet the 
requirements to receive a grant under section 330 of the Public Health 
Service Act; or
    (2) Based on the recommendation of the Public Health Service, was 
determined by CMS on or before April 7, 2000 to meet the requirements 
for receiving a grant under section 330 of the Public Health Service 
Act, and continues to meet such requirements.
    (o) Effective date of provider-based status--(1) General rule. 
Provider-based status for a facility or organization is effective on the 
earliest date all of the requirements of this part have been met.
    (2) Inappropriate treatment as provider-based or not reporting 
material change. Effective for any period on or after October 1, 2002 
(or, in the case of facilities or organizations described in paragraph 
(b)(2) of this section, for cost reporting periods starting on or after 
July 1, 2003), if a facility or organization is found by CMS to have 
been inappropriately treated as provider-based under paragraph (j) of 
this section for those periods, or previously was determined by CMS to 
be provider-based but no longer qualifies as provider-based because of a 
material change occurring

[[Page 665]]

during those periods that was not reported to CMS under paragraph (c) of 
this section, CMS will not treat the facility or organization as 
provider-based for payment purposes until CMS has determined, based on 
documentation submitted by the provider, that the facility or 
organization meets all requirements for provider-based status under this 
part

[65 FR 18538, Apr. 7, 2000, as amended at 65 FR 58920, Oct. 3, 2000; 66 
FR 1599, Jan. 9, 2001; 66 FR 59920, Nov. 30, 2001; 67 FR 50114, Aug. 1, 
2002; 68 FR 46070, Aug. 4, 2003; 68 FR 53261, Sept. 9, 2003; 70 FR 
47487, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 413.70  Payment for services of a CAH.

    (a) Payment for inpatient services furnished by a CAH (other than 
services of distinct part units). (1) Effective for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2004, payment for inpatient 
services of a CAH, other than services of a distinct part unit of the 
CAH, is 101 percent of the reasonable costs of the CAH in providing CAH 
services to its inpatients, as determined in accordance with section 
1861(v)(1)(A) of the Act and the applicable principles of cost 
reimbursement in this part and in Part 415 of this chapter, except that 
the following payment principles are excluded when determining payment 
for CAH inpatient services:
    (i) Lesser of cost or charges;
    (ii) Ceilings on hospital operating costs;
    (iii) Reasonable compensation equivalent (RCE) limits for physician 
services to providers; and
    (iv) The payment window provisions for preadmission services, 
specified in Sec. 412.2(c)(5) of this subchapter and Sec. 
413.40(c)(2).
    (2) Except as specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, payment 
to a CAH for inpatient services does not include any costs of physician 
services or other professional services to CAH inpatients, and is 
subject to the Part A hospital deductible and coinsurance, as determined 
under subpart G of part 409 of this chapter.
    (3) If a CAH meets the criteria in Sec. 412.113(c) of this 
subchapter for pass-through of costs of anesthesia services furnished by 
qualified nonphysician anesthetists employed by the CAH or obtained 
under arrangements, payment to the CAH for the costs of those services 
is made in accordance with Sec. 412.113(c).
    (4) Payment for inpatient services of distinct part psychiatric or 
rehabilitation units is described in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (b) Payment for outpatient services furnished by CAH--(1) General. 
(i) Unless the CAH elects to be paid for services to its outpatients 
under the method specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the 
amount of payment for outpatient services of a CAH is the amount 
determined under paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (ii) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, 
payment to a CAH for outpatient services does not include any costs of 
physician services or other professional services to CAH outpatients.
    (2) Reasonable costs for facility services. (i) Effective for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2004, payment for 
outpatient services of a CAH is 101 percent of the reasonable costs of 
the CAH in providing CAH services to its outpatients, as determined in 
accordance with section 1861(v)(1)(A) of the Act and the applicable 
principles of cost reimbursement in this part and in Part 415 of this 
chapter, except that the following payment principles are excluded when 
determining payment for CAH outpatient services:
    (A) Lesser of cost or charges; and
    (B) RCE limits.
    (ii) Payment to a CAH under paragraph (b)(2) of this section does 
not include any costs of physician services or other professional 
services to CAH outpatients and, other than for clinical diagnostic 
laboratory tests, is subject to the Part B deductible and coinsurance 
amounts as determined under Sec. Sec. 410.152(k), 410.160, and 410.161 
of this chapter.
    (iii) Payment for outpatient clinical diagnostic laboratory tests is 
not subject to the Medicare Part B deductible and coinsurance amounts. 
Payment to a CAH for clinical diagnostic laboratory tests will be made 
at 101 percent of reasonable cost under this section only if the 
individuals are outpatients of the CAH, as defined in Sec. 410.2 of 
this

[[Page 666]]

chapter, and are physically present in the CAH, at the time the 
specimens are collected. Clinical diagnostic laboratory tests performed 
for persons who are not physically present when the specimens are 
collected will be made in accordance with the provisions of sections 
1833(a)(1)(D) and 1833(a)(2)(D) of the Social Security Act.
    (3) Election to be paid 101 percent of reasonable costs for facility 
services plus fee schedule for professional services. (i) A CAH may 
elect to be paid for outpatient services in any cost reporting period 
beginning on or after July 1, 2004 under the method described in 
paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (b)(3)(iii) of this section.
    (A) The election must be made in writing, made on an annual basis, 
and delivered to the fiscal intermediary servicing the CAH at least 30 
days before the start of the cost reporting period for which the 
election is made.
    (B) An election of this payment method, once made for a cost 
reporting period, remains in effect for all of that period and, 
effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 2004, 
applies to all services furnished to outpatients during that period by a 
physician or other practitioner who has reassigned his or her rights to 
bill for those services to the CAH in accordance with 42 CFR part 424, 
Subpart F of this chapter. If a physician or other practitioner does not 
reassign his or her billing rights to the CAH in accordance with 42 CFR 
part 424, payment for the physician's or practitioner's services to CAH 
outpatients will be made on a fee schedule or other applicable basis as 
specified in Subpart B of part 414 of this subchapter.
    (C) In the case of a CAH that made an election under this section 
before November 1, 2003, for a cost reporting period beginning before 
December 1, 2003, the rules in paragraph (b)(3)(i)(B) of this section 
are applicable to cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 
2001.
    (D) An election made under paragraph (b)(3)(i)(B) or paragraph 
(b)(3)(i)(C) of this section is effective only for a period for which it 
was made and does not apply to an election that was withdrawn or revoked 
prior to the start of the cost reporting period for which it was made.
    (ii) If the CAH elects payment under this method, payment to the CAH 
for each outpatient visit will be the sum of the following:
    (A) For facility services not including any services for which 
payment may be made under paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(B) of this section, 101 
percent of the reasonable costs of the services as determined under 
paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section; and
    (B) For professional services that are furnished by a physician or 
other practitioner who has reassigned his or her rights to bill for 
those services to the CAH in accordance with Part 424, Subpart F of this 
chapter, and that would otherwise be payable to the physician or other 
practitioner if the rights to bill for them had not been reassigned, 115 
percent of the amounts that otherwise would be paid for the service if 
the CAH had not elected payment under this method.
    (iii) Payment to a CAH, other than for clinical diagnostic 
laboratory tests, is subject to the Part B deductible and coinsurance 
amounts, as determined under Sec. Sec. 410.152(k), 410.160, and 410.161 
of this chapter.
    (4) Costs of certain emergency room on-call providers. (i) Effective 
for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2001, the 
reasonable costs of outpatient CAH services under paragraph (b) of this 
section may include amounts for reasonable compensation and related 
costs for an emergency room physician who is on call but who is not 
present on the premises of the CAH involved, is not otherwise furnishing 
physicians' services, and is not on call at any other provider or 
facility. Effective for costs incurred for services furnished on or 
after January 1, 2005, the payment amount of 101 percent of the 
reasonable costs of outpatient CAH services may also include amounts for 
reasonable compensation and related costs for the following emergency 
room providers who are on call but who are not present on the premises 
of the CAH involved, are not otherwise furnishing physicians' services, 
and are not on call at any other

[[Page 667]]

provider or facility: physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and 
clinical nurse specialists.
    (ii) For purposes of this paragraph (b)(4)--
    (A) ``Amounts for reasonable compensation and related costs'' means 
all allowable costs of compensating emergency room physicians, physician 
assistants, nurse practitioners, and clinical nurse specialists who are 
on call to the extent that the costs are found to be reasonable under 
the rules specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section and the 
applicable sections of Part 413. Costs of compensating these specified 
medical emergency room staff are allowable only if the costs are 
incurred under written contracts that require the physician, physician 
assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist to come to 
the CAH when the physician's or other practitioner's presence is 
medically required.
    (B) Effective for costs incurred on or after January 1, 2005, an 
``emergency room physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or 
clinical nurse specialist who is on call'' means a doctor of medicine or 
osteopathy, a physician assistant, a nurse practitioner, or a clinical 
nurse specialist, with training or experience in emergency care who is 
immediately available by telephone or radio contact, and is available 
onsite within the timeframes specified in Sec. 485.618(d) of this 
chapter.
    (5) Costs of ambulance services. (i) Effective for services 
furnished on or after December 21, 2000, payment for ambulance services 
furnished by a CAH or an entity that is owned and operated by a CAH is 
the reasonable costs of the CAH or the entity in furnishing those 
services, but only if the CAH or the entity is the only provider or 
supplier of ambulance services located within a 35-mile drive of the CAH 
or the entity.
    (ii) For purposes of paragraph (b)(5) of this section, the distance 
between the CAH or the entity and the other provider or supplier of 
ambulance services will be determined as the shortest distance in miles 
measured over improved roads between the CAH or the entity and the site 
at which the vehicles of the closest provider or supplier of ambulance 
services are garaged. An improved road for this purpose is any road that 
is maintained by a local, State, or Federal government entity and is 
available for use by the general public. An improved road will be 
considered to include the paved surface up to the front entrance of the 
hospital and the front entrance of the garage.
    (6) If a CAH meets the criteria in Sec. 412.113(c) of this 
subchapter for pass-through of costs of anesthesia services furnished by 
nonphysician anesthetists employed by the CAH or obtained under 
arrangement, payment to the CAH for the costs of those services is made 
in accordance with Sec. 412.113(c) of this chapter.
    (c) Final payment based on cost report. Final payment to the CAH for 
CAH facility services to inpatients and outpatients furnished during a 
cost reporting is based on a cost report for that period, as required 
under Sec. 413.20(b).
    (d) Periodic interim payments. Subject to the provisions of Sec. 
413.64(h), a CAH receiving payments under this section may elect to 
receive periodic interim payments (PIP) for Part A inpatient CAH 
services, effective for payments made on or after July l, 2004. Payment 
is made biweekly under the PIP method unless the CAH requests a longer 
fixed interval (not to exceed one month) between payments. The biweekly 
interim payment amount is based on the total estimated Medicare payment 
(after estimated beneficiary deductibles and coinsurance) for the cost 
reporting period. Each payment is made 2 weeks after the end of a 
biweekly period of service, as described in Sec. 413.64(h)(6). These 
PIP provisions are further described in Sec. 413.64(h)(6). Under 
certain circumstances that are described in Sec. 413.64(g), a CAH that 
is not receiving PIP may request an accelerated payment.
    (e) Payment for service of distinct part psychiatric and 
rehabilitation units of CAHS. Payment for inpatient services of distinct 
part psychiatric units of CAHs--
    (1) For cost reporting periods beginning before January 1, 2005, 
payment is made on a reasonable cost basis, subject to the provisions of 
Sec. 413.40.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2005, payment is made in accordance with regulations governing inpatient 
psychiatric

[[Page 668]]

facilities at subpart N (Sec. 412.400 through Sec. 412.432) of Part 
412 of this subchapter.
    (3) Payment for inpatient services of distinct part rehabilitation 
units of CAHs is made in accordance with regulations governing the 
inpatient rehabilitation facilities prospective payment system at 
Subpart P (Sec. 412.600 through Sec. 412.632) of Part 412 of this 
subchapter.

[65 FR 47109, Aug. 1, 2000, as amended at 66 FR 32195, June 13, 2001; 66 
FR 39936, Aug. 1, 2001; 67 FR 50118, Aug. 1, 2002; 68 FR 45471, Aug. 1, 
2003; 69 FR 49252, Aug. 11, 2004; 69 FR 66981, Nov. 15, 2004]



Sec. 413.74  Payment to a foreign hospital.

    (a) Principle. Section 1814(f) of the Act provides for the payment 
of emergency and nonemergency inpatient hospitals services furnished by 
foreign hospitals to Medicare beneficiaries. Subpart H of part 424 of 
this chapter, together with this section, specifies the conditions for 
payment.
    (b) Amount of payment. Effective with admissions on or after January 
1, 1980, the reasonable cost for services covered under the Medicare 
program furnished to beneficiaries by a foreign hospital will be equal 
to 100 percent of the hospital's customary charges (as defined in Sec. 
413.13(b)) for the services.
    (c) Submittal of claims. The hospital must establish its customary 
charges for the services by submitting an itemized bill with each claim 
it files in accordance with its election under Sec. 424.104 of this 
chapter.
    (d) Exchange rate. Payment to the hospital will be subject to the 
official exchange rate on the date the patient is discharged and to the 
applicable deductible and coinsurance amounts described in Sec. Sec. 
409.80 through 409.83.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 51 FR 41351, Nov. 14, 1986; 
53 FR 6648, Mar. 2, 1988; 53 FR 12945, Apr. 20, 1988; 71 FR 48141, Aug. 
18, 2006]



                 Subpart F_Specific Categories of Costs



Sec. 413.75  Direct GME payments: General requirements.

    (a) Statutory basis and scope--(1) Basis. This section and 
Sec. Sec. 413.76 through 413.83 implement section 1886(h) of the Act by 
establishing the methodology for Medicare payment of the cost of direct 
graduate medical educational activities.
    (2) Scope. This section and Sec. Sec. 413.76 through 413.83 apply 
to Medicare payments to hospitals and hospital-based providers for the 
costs of approved residency programs in medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, 
and podiatry for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 
1985.
    (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section and Sec. Sec. 413.76 
through 413.83, the following definitions apply:
    ``All or substantially all of the costs for the training program in 
the nonhospital setting'' means the residents' salaries and fringe 
benefits (including travel and lodging where applicable) and the portion 
of the cost of teaching physicians' salaries and fringe benefits 
attributable to direct graduate medical education (GME).
    Approved geriatric program means a fellowship program of one or more 
years in length that is approved by one of the national organizations 
listed in Sec. 415.152 of this chapter under that respective 
organization's criteria for geriatric fellowship programs.
    Approved medical residency program means a program that meets one of 
the following criteria:
    (1) Is approved by one of the national organizations listed in Sec. 
415.152 of this chapter.
    (2) May count towards certification of the participant in a 
specialty or subspecialty listed in the current edition of either of the 
following publications:
    (i) The Directory of Graduate Medical Education Programs published 
by the American Medical Association, and available from American Medical 
Association, Department of Directories and Publications, 515 North State 
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60610; or
    (ii) The Annual Report and Reference Handbook published by the 
American Board of Medical Specialties, and available from American Board 
of Medical Specialties, One Rotary Center, Suite 805, Evanston, Illinois 
60201.
    (3) Is approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical 
Education (ACGME) as a fellowship program in geriatric medicine.
    (4) Is a program that would be accredited except for the accrediting

[[Page 669]]

agency's reliance upon an accreditation standard that requires an entity 
to perform an induced abortion or require, provide, or refer for 
training in the performance of induced abortions, or make arrangements 
for such training, regardless of whether the standard provides 
exceptions or exemptions.
    Base period means a cost reporting period that began on or after 
October 1, 1983 but before October 1, 1984.
    Community support means funding that is provided by the community 
and generally includes all non-Medicare sources of funding (other than 
payments made for furnishing services to individual patients), including 
State and local government appropriations. Community support does not 
include grants, gifts, and endowments of the kind that are not to be 
offset in accordance with section 1134 of the Act.
    CPI-U stands for the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers as 
compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
    Emergency Medicare GME affiliated group means at least one home 
hospital and one or more host hospitals, as those terms are defined 
below, that meet the requirements at Sec. 413.79(f)(6). For purposes of 
an emergency Medicare GME affiliated group, the following definitions 
apply:
    (1) Home hospital means a hospital that--
    (i) is located in section 1135 emergency area;
    (ii) had its inpatient bed occupancy decreased by 20 percent or more 
as the result of a section 1135 emergency period so that it is unable to 
train the number of residents it originally intended to train in that 
academic year; and
    (iii) needs to send the displaced residents to train at a host 
hospital.
    (2) Host hospital means a hospital training residents displaced from 
a home hospital.
    (3) Section 1135 emergency area or section 1135 emergency period 
mean, respectively, a geographic area in which, or a period during 
which, there exists--
    (i) An emergency or disaster declared by the President pursuant to 
the National Emergencies Act or the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act; and
    (ii) A public health emergency declared by the Secretary pursuant to 
section 319 of the Public Health Service Act.
    Foreign medical graduate means a resident who is not a graduate of a 
medical, osteopathy, dental, or podiatry school, respectively, 
accredited or approved as meeting the standards necessary for 
accreditation by one of the following organizations:
    (1) The Liaison Committee on Medical Education of the American 
Medical Association.
    (2) The American Osteopathic Association.
    (3) The Commission on Dental Accreditation.
    (4) The Council on Podiatric Medical Education.
    FMGEMS stands for the Foreign Medical Graduate Examination in the 
Medical Sciences (Part I and Part II).
    FTE stands for full-time equivalent.
    GME stands for graduate medical education.
    Medicare GME affiliated group means--
    (1) Two or more hospitals that are located in the same urban or 
rural area (as those terms are defined in subpart D of Part 412 of this 
subchapter) or in a contiguous area and meet the rotation requirements 
in Sec. 413.79(f)(2).
    (2) Two or more hospitals that are not located in the same or in a 
contiguous urban or rural area, but meet the rotation requirement in 
Sec. 413.79(f)(2), and are jointly listed--
    (i) As the sponsor, primary clinical site, or major participating 
institution for one or more programs as these terms are used in the most 
current publication of the Graduate Medical Education Directory; or
    (ii) As the sponsor or is listed under ``affiliations and outside 
rotations'' for one or more programs in operation in Opportunities, 
Directory of Osteopathic Postdoctoral Education Programs.
    (3) Two or more hospitals that are under common ownership and, 
effective for all Medicare GME affiliation agreements beginning July 1, 
2003, meet the rotation requirement in Sec. 413.79(f)(2).
    Medicare GME affiliation agreement means a written, signed, and 
dated agreement by responsible representatives of each respective 
hospital in a

[[Page 670]]

Medicare GME affiliated group, as defined in this section, that 
specifies--
    (1) The term of the Medicare GME affiliation agreement (which, at a 
minimum is 1 year), beginning on July 1 of a year;
    (2) Each participating hospital's direct and indirect GME FTE caps 
in effect prior to the Medicare GME affiliation;
    (3) The total adjustment to each hospital's FTE caps in each year 
that the Medicare GME affiliation agreement is in effect, for both 
direct GME and IME, that reflects a positive adjustment to one 
hospital's direct and indirect FTE caps that is offset by a negative 
adjustment to the other hospital's (or hospitals') direct and indirect 
FTE caps of at least the same amount;
    (4) The adjustment to each participating hospital's FTE counts 
resulting from the FTE resident's (or residents') participation in a 
shared rotational arrangement at each hospital participating in the 
Medicare GME affiliated group for each year the Medicare GME affiliation 
agreement is in effect. This adjustment to each participating hospital's 
FTE count is also reflected in the total adjustment to each hospital's 
FTE caps (in accordance with paragraph (3) of this definition); and
    (5) The names of the participating hospitals and their Medicare 
provider numbers.
    Medicare patient load means, with respect to a hospital's cost 
reporting period, the total number of hospital inpatient days during the 
cost reporting period that are attributable to patients for whom payment 
is made under Medicare Part A divided by total hospital inpatient days. 
In calculating inpatient days, inpatient days in any distinct part of 
the hospital furnishing a hospital level of care are included and 
nursery days are excluded.
    Patient care activities means the care and treatment of particular 
patients, including services for which a physician or other practitioner 
may bill.
    Primary care resident is a resident enrolled in an approved medical 
residency training program in family medicine, general internal 
medicine, general pediatrics, preventive medicine, geriatric medicine or 
osteopathic general practice.
    Redistribution of costs occurs when a hospital counts FTE residents 
in medical residency programs and the costs of the program had 
previously been incurred by an educational institution.
    Resident means an intern, resident, or fellow who participates in an 
approved medical residency program, including programs in osteopathy, 
dentistry, and podiatry, as required in order to become certified by the 
appropriate specialty board.
    Rural track FTE limitation means the maximum number of residents (as 
specified in Sec. 413.79(l)) training in a rural track residency 
program that an urban hospital may include in its FTE count and that is 
in addition to the number of FTE residents already included in the 
hospital's FTE cap.
    Rural track or integrated rural track means an approved medical 
residency training program established by an urban hospital in which 
residents train for a portion of the program at the urban hospital and 
then rotate for a portion of the program to a rural hospital(s) or a 
rural nonhospital site(s).
    Shared rotational arrangement means a residency training program 
under which a resident(s) participates in training at two or more 
hospitals in that program.
    (c) Payment for GME costs--General rule. Beginning with cost 
reporting periods starting on or after July 1, 1985, hospitals, 
including hospital-based providers, are paid for the costs of approved 
GME programs as described in Sec. Sec. 413.76 through 413.83.
    (d) Documentation requirements. To include a resident in the FTE 
count for a particular cost reporting period, the hospital must furnish 
the following information. The information must be certified by an 
official of the hospital and, if different, an official responsible for 
administering the residency program.
    (1) The name and social security number of the resident.
    (2) The type of residency program in which the individual 
participates and the number of years the resident has completed in all 
types of residency programs.
    (3) The dates the resident is assigned to the hospital and any 
hospital-based providers.

[[Page 671]]

    (4) The dates the resident is assigned to other hospitals, or other 
freestanding providers, and any nonprovider setting during the cost 
reporting period, if any.
    (5) The name of the medical, osteopathic, dental, or podiatric 
school from which the resident graduated and the date of graduation.
    (6) If the resident is an FMG, documentation concerning whether the 
resident has satisfied the requirements of this section.
    (7) The name of the employer paying the resident's salary.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 47489, Aug. 12, 2005; 
71 FR 18666, Apr. 12, 2006; 71 FR 48141, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 413.76  Direct GME payments: Calculation of payments for GME costs.

    A hospital's Medicare payment for the costs of an approved residency 
program is calculated as follows:
    (a) Step one. The hospital's updated per resident amount (as 
determined under Sec. 413.77) is multiplied by the actual number of FTE 
residents (as determined under Sec. 413.79). This result is the 
aggregate approved amount for the cost reporting period.
    (b) Step two. The product derived in step one is multiplied by the 
hospital's Medicare patient load.
    (c) Step three. For portions of cost reporting periods occurring on 
or after January 1, 1998, the product derived in step one is multiplied 
by the proportion of the hospital's inpatient days attributable to 
individuals who are enrolled under a risk-sharing contract with an 
eligible organization under section 1876 of the Act and who are entitled 
to Medicare Part A or with a Medicare+Choice organization under Title 
XVIII, Part C of the Act. This amount is multiplied by an applicable 
payment percentage equal to--
    (1) 20 percent for 1998;
    (2) 40 percent for 1999;
    (3) 60 percent in 2000;
    (4) 80 percent in 2001; and
    (5) 100 percent in 2002 and subsequent years.
    (d) Step four. Effective for portions of cost reporting periods 
occurring on or after January 1, 2000, the product derived from step 
three is reduced by a percentage equal to the ratio of the 
Medicare+Choice nursing and allied health payment ``pool'' for the 
current calendar year as described at Sec. 413.87(f), to the projected 
total Medicare+Choice direct GME payments made to all hospitals for the 
current calendar year.
    (e) Step five. (1) For portions of cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after January 1, 1998 and before January 1, 2000, add the results 
of steps two and three.
    (2) Effective for portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after January 1, 2000, add the results of steps two and four.
    (f) Step six. The product derived in step two is apportioned between 
Part A and Part B of Medicare based on the ratio of Medicare's share of 
reasonable costs excluding GME costs attributable to each part as 
determined through the Medicare cost report.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.77  Direct GME payments: Determination of per resident amounts.

    (a) Per resident amount for the base period--(1) Except as provided 
in paragraph (d) of this section, the intermediary determines a base-
period per resident amount for each hospital as follows:
    (i) Determine the allowable GME costs for the cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 1983 but before October 1, 1984. In 
determining these costs, GME costs allocated to the nursery cost center, 
research and other nonreimbursable cost centers, and hospital-based 
providers that are not participating in Medicare are excluded and GME 
costs allocated to distinct-part hospital units and hospital-based 
providers that participate in Medicare are included.
    (ii) Divide the costs calculated in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 
section by the average number of FTE residents working in all areas of 
the hospital complex (including those areas whose costs were excluded 
under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section) for its cost reporting period 
beginning on or after October 1, 1983 but before October 1, 1984.
    (2) In determining the base-period per resident amount under 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the intermediary--

[[Page 672]]

    (i) Verifies the hospital's base-period GME costs and the hospital's 
average number of FTE residents;
    (ii) Excludes from the base-period GME costs any nonallowable or 
misclassified costs, including those previously allowed under Sec. 
412.113(b)(3) of this chapter; and
    (iii) Upon a hospital's request, includes GME costs that were 
misclassified as operating costs during the hospital's prospective 
payment base year and were not allowable under Sec. 412.113(b)(3) of 
this chapter during the GME base period. These costs may be included 
only if the hospital requests an adjustment of its prospective payment 
hospital-specific rate or target amount as described in Sec. 413.82(a) 
of this chapter.
    (3) If the hospital's cost report for its GME base period is no 
longer subject to reopening under Sec. 405.1885 of this chapter, the 
intermediary may modify the hospital's base-period costs solely for 
purposes of computing the per resident amount.
    (4) If the intermediary modifies a hospital's base-period GME costs 
as described in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section, the hospital may 
request an adjustment of its prospective payment hospital-specific rate 
or target amount as described in Sec. 413.82(a) of this chapter.
    (5) The intermediary notifies each hospital that either had direct 
GME costs or received indirect education payment in its cost reporting 
period beginning on or after October 1, 1984, and before October 1, 
1985, of its base-period average per resident amount. A hospital may 
appeal this amount within 180 days of the date of that notice.
    (b) Per resident amount for cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after July 1, 1985, and before July 1, 1986. For cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after July 1, 1985, and before July 1, 1986, a 
hospital's base-period per resident amount is adjusted as follows:
    (1) If a hospital's base period began on or after October 1, 1983, 
and before July 1, 1984, the amount is adjusted by the percentage change 
in the CPI-U that occurred between the hospital's base period and the 
first cost reporting period to which the provisions of this section 
apply. The adjusted amount is then increased by one percent.
    (2) If a hospital's base period began on or after July 1, 1984 and 
before October 1, 1984, the amount is increased by one percent.
    (c) Per resident amount for cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after July 1, 1986. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (d) of this 
section, for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1986, 
a hospital's base-period per resident amount is adjusted as follows:
    (1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, each 
hospital's per resident amount for the previous cost reporting is 
adjusted by the projected change in the CPI-U for the 12-month cost 
reporting period. This adjustment is subject to revision during the 
settlement of the cost report to reflect actual changes in the CPI-U 
that occurred during the cost reporting period.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1993 
through September 30, 1995, each hospital's per resident amount for the 
previous cost reporting period will not be adjusted for any resident 
FTEs who are not either a primary care resident or an obstetrics and 
gynecology resident.
    (d) Per resident amount for cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after October 1, 2000 and ending on or before September 30, 2013. For 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2000 and ending 
on or before September 30, 2013, a hospital's per resident amount for 
each fiscal year is adjusted in accordance with the following 
provisions:
    (1) General provisions. For purposes of this Sec. 413.77--
    (i) Weighted average per resident amount. The weighted average per 
resident amount is established as follows:
    (A) Using data from hospitals' cost reporting periods ending during 
FY 1997, CMS calculates each hospital's single per resident amount by 
adding each hospital's primary care and nonprimary care per resident 
amounts, weighted by its respective FTEs, and dividing by the sum of the 
FTEs for primary care and nonprimary care residents.
    (B) Each hospital's single per resident amount calculated under 
paragraph (d)(1)(i)(A) of this section is

[[Page 673]]

standardized by the 1999 geographic adjustment factor for the physician 
fee schedule area (as determined under Sec. 414.26 of this chapter) in 
which the hospital is located.
    (C) CMS calculates an average of all hospitals' standardized per 
resident amounts that are determined under paragraph (d)(1)(i)(B) of 
this section. The resulting amount is the weighted average per resident 
amount.
    (ii) Primary care/obstetrics and gynecology and nonprimary care per 
resident amounts. A hospital's per resident amount is an amount 
inclusive of any CPI-U adjustments that the hospital may have received 
since the hospital's base year, including any CPI-U adjustments the 
hospital may have received because the hospital trains primary care/
obstetrics and gynecology residents and nonprimary care residents as 
specified under paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (2) Adjustment beginning in FY 2001 and ending in FY 2013. For cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2000, and ending on 
or before September 30, 2013, a hospital's per resident amount is 
adjusted in accordance with paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (d)(2)(iv) of 
this section, in that order:
    (i) Updating the weighted average per resident amount for inflation. 
The weighted average per resident amount (as determined under paragraph 
(d)(1)(i) of this section) is updated by the estimated percentage 
increase in the CPI-U during the period beginning with the month that 
represents the midpoint of the cost reporting periods ending during FY 
1997 (that is, October 1, 1996) and ending with the midpoint of the 
hospital's cost reporting period that begins in FY 2001.
    (ii) Adjusting for locality. The updated weighted average per 
resident amount determined under paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section 
(the national average per resident amount) is adjusted for the locality 
of each hospital by multiplying the national average per resident amount 
by the 1999 geographic adjustment factor for the physician fee schedule 
area in which each hospital is located, established in accordance with 
Sec. 414.26 of this chapter.
    (iii) Determining necessary revisions to the per resident amount. 
The locality-adjusted national average per resident amount, as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section, is 
compared to the hospital's per resident amount and is revised, if 
appropriate, according to the following three categories:
    (A) Floor. (1) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2000, and before October 1, 2001, if the hospital's per 
resident amount would otherwise be less than 70 percent of the locality-
adjusted national average per resident amount for FY 2001 (as determined 
under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section), the per resident amount is 
equal to 70 percent of the locality-adjusted national average per 
resident amount for FY 2001.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2001, and before October 1, 2002, if the hospital's per resident amount 
would otherwise be less than 85 percent of the locality-adjusted 
national average per resident amount for FY 2002 (as determined under 
paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section), the per resident amount is equal 
to 85 percent of the locality-adjusted national average per resident 
amount for FY 2002.
    (3) For subsequent cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002, the hospital's per resident amount is updated using the 
methodology specified under paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (B) Ceiling. If the hospital's per resident amount is greater than 
140 percent of the locality-adjusted national average per resident 
amount, the per resident amount is adjusted as follows for FY 2001 
through FY 2013:
    (1) FY 2001. For cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2000 and on or before September 30, 2001, if the hospital's 
FY 2000 per resident amount exceeds 140 percent of the FY 2001 locality-
adjusted national average per resident amount (as calculated under 
paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section), subject to the provision stated 
in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(B)(5) of this section, the hospital's per 
resident amount is frozen at the FY 2000 per resident amount and is not 
updated for FY 2001 by the CPI-U factor.
    (2) FY 2002. For cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2001,

[[Page 674]]

and on or before September 30, 2002, if the hospital's FY 2001 per 
resident amount exceeds 140 percent of the FY 2002 locality-adjusted 
national average per resident amount, subject to the provision stated in 
paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(B)(5) of this section, the hospital's per resident 
amount is frozen at the FY 2001 per resident amount and is not updated 
for FY 2002 by the CPI-U factor.
    (3) FY 2003. For cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2002, and on or before September 30, 2003, if the hospital's 
per resident amount for the previous cost reporting period is greater 
than 140 percent of the locality-adjusted national average per resident 
amount for that same previous cost reporting period (for example, for 
cost reporting periods beginning in FY 2003, compare the hospital's per 
resident amount from the FY 2002 cost report to the hospital's locality-
adjusted national average per resident amount from FY 2002), subject to 
the provision stated in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(B)(5) of this section, the 
hospital's per resident amount is adjusted using the methodology 
specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, except that the CPI-U 
applied for a 12-month period is reduced (but not below zero) by 2 
percentage points.
    (4) FY 2004 through FY 2013. For cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after October 1, 2003, and on or before September 30, 2013, if the 
hospital's preceding year per resident amount exceeds 140 percent of the 
current year's locality-adjusted national average per resident amount 
(as calculated under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section), subject to 
the provision stated in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(B)(5) of this section, the 
hospital-specific per resident amount is frozen for the current year at 
the preceding year's hospital-specific per resident amount and is not 
updated by the CPI-U factor.
    (5) General rule for hospitals that exceed the ceiling. For cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2000, and on or 
before September 30, 2013, if a hospital's per resident amount exceeds 
140 percent of the hospital's locality-adjusted national average per 
resident amount and it is adjusted under any of the criteria under 
paragraphs (d)(2)(iii)(B)(1) through (d)(2)(iii)(B)(3) of this section, 
the current year per resident amount cannot be reduced below 140 percent 
of the locality-adjusted national average per resident amount.
    (C) Per resident amounts greater than or equal to the floor and less 
than or equal to the ceiling. For cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after October 1, 2000 and on or before September 30, 2013, if a 
hospital's per resident amount is greater than or equal to 70 percent 
and less than or equal to 140 percent of the hospital's locality-
adjusted national average per resident amount for each respective fiscal 
year, the hospital's per resident amount is updated using the 
methodology specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (e) Exceptions--(1) Base period for certain hospitals. If a hospital 
did not have any approved medical residency training programs or did not 
participate in Medicare during the base period, but either condition 
changes in a cost reporting period beginning on or after July 1, 1985, 
the fiscal intermediary establishes a per resident amount for the 
hospital using the information from the first cost reporting period 
during which the hospital participates in Medicare and the residents are 
on duty during the first month of that period. Effective for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2006, if a hospital 
did not have any approved medical residency training programs or did not 
participate in Medicare during the base period, but either condition 
changes in a cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 
2006, and the residents are not on duty during the first month of that 
period, the fiscal intermediary establishes a per resident amount for 
the hospital using the information from the first cost reporting period 
immediately following the cost reporting period during which the 
hospital participates in Medicare and residents began training at the 
hospital. The per resident amount is based on the lower of the amount 
specified in paragraph (e)(1)(i) or paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this 
section, subject to the provisions of paragraph (e)(1)(iii) of this 
section. Any GME costs incurred by the hospital during the cost 
reporting period prior to the base period used

[[Page 675]]

for calculating the PRA are reimbursed on a reasonable cost basis.
    (i) The hospital's actual cost per resident incurred in connection 
with the GME program(s) based on the cost and resident data from the 
hospital's base year cost reporting period as established in paragraph 
(e)(1) of this section.
    (ii) Except as specified in paragraph (e)(1)(iii)of this section--
    (A) For base periods that begin before October 1, 2002, the updated 
weighted mean value of per resident amounts of all hospitals located in 
the same geographic wage area, as that term is used in the prospective 
payment system under Part 412 of this chapter.
    (B) For base periods beginning on or after October 1, 2002, the 
updated weighted mean value of per resident amounts of all hospitals 
located in the same geographic wage area is calculated using all per 
resident amounts (including primary care and obstetrics and gynecology 
and nonprimary care) and FTE resident counts from the most recently 
settled cost reports of those teaching hospitals.
    (iii) If, under paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(A) or paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(B) 
of this section, there are fewer than three existing teaching hospitals 
with per resident amounts that can be used to calculate the weighted 
mean value per resident amount, for base periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1997, the per resident amount equals the updated weighted 
mean value of per resident amounts of all hospitals located in the same 
census region as that term is used in subpart D of part 412 of this 
subchapter.
    (2) Short or long base-period cost reporting periods. If a 
hospital's base-period cost reporting period reflects GME costs for a 
period that is shorter than 50 weeks or longer than 54 weeks, the 
intermediary converts the allowable costs for the base period into a 
daily figure. The daily figure is then multiplied by 365 or 366, as 
appropriate, to derive the approved per resident amount for a 12-month 
base-period cost reporting period. If a hospital has two cost reporting 
periods beginning in the base period, the later period serves as the 
base-period cost reporting period.
    (3) Short or long cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 
1, 1985. If a hospital's cost reporting period is shorter than 50 weeks 
or longer than 54 weeks, the hospital's intermediary should contact CMS 
Central Office to receive a special CPI-U adjustment factor.
    (f) Residency match. Effective for portions of cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2004, with respect to a 
resident who matches simultaneously for a first year of training in a 
primary care specialty, and for an additional year(s) of training in a 
nonprimary care specialty, the per resident amount that is used to 
determine direct GME payment with respect to that resident is the 
nonprimary care per resident amount for the first year of training in 
the primary care specialty and for the duration of the resident's 
training in the nonprimary care specialty.
    (g) Special use of locality-adjusted national average per resident 
amount. Effective for portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after July 1, 2005, for a hospital that counts additional residents as a 
result of an increase in its FTE resident cap under Sec. 413.79(c)(4) 
direct GME payments attributable to those additional FTE residents are 
calculated using the locality-adjusted national average per resident 
amount, as determined under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section. The 
hospital will receive direct GME payments based on the sum of the 
following two direct GME calculations:
    (1) A calculation using the per resident amount(s) as determined 
under paragraph (d) of this section and the hospital's number of FTE 
residents that is not attributable to an FTE resident cap increase under 
Sec. 413.79(c)(4); and
    (2) A calculation using the locality-adjusted national average per 
resident amount, as determined under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this 
section, inflated to the hospital's current cost reporting period, and 
the hospital's number of FTE residents that is attributable to the 
increase in the hospital's FTE resident cap under Sec. 413.79(c)(4).
    (h) Hospital mergers. Effective for cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after

[[Page 676]]

October 1, 2006, when multiple hospitals merge, a primary care and 
obstetrics and gynecology weighted average per resident amount and a 
nonprimary care weighted average per resident amount is calculated, if 
applicable, for the surviving hospital, using FTE resident data and per 
resident amount data from the most recently settled cost reports of the 
respective hospitals prior to the merger.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004, as amended at 69 FR 60252, Oct. 7, 2004; 70 
FR 47489, Aug. 12, 2005; 71 FR 48142, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 413.78  Direct GME payments: Determination of the total number of FTE 
residents.

    Subject to the weighting factors in Sec. Sec. 413.79 and 413.80, 
and subject to the provisions of Sec. 413.81, the count of FTE 
residents is determined as follows:
    (a) Residents in an approved program working in all areas of the 
hospital complex may be counted.
    (b) No individual may be counted as more than one FTE. A hospital 
cannot claim the time spent by residents training at another hospital. 
Except as provided in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section, if a 
resident spends time in more than one hospital or in a nonprovider 
setting, the resident counts as partial FTE based on the proportion of 
time worked at the hospital to the total time worked. A part-time 
resident counts as a partial FTE based on the proportion of allowable 
time worked compared to the total time necessary to fill a full-time 
internship or residency slot.
    (c) On or after July 1, 1987, and for portions of cost reporting 
periods occurring before January 1, 1999, the time residents spend in 
nonprovider settings such as freestanding clinics, nursing homes, and 
physicians' offices in connection with approved programs is not excluded 
in determining the number of FTE residents in the calculation of a 
hospital's resident count if the following conditions are met--
    (1) The resident spends his or her time in patient care activities, 
as defined in Sec. 413.75(b).
    (2) There is a written agreement between the hospital and the 
outside entity that states that the resident's compensation for training 
time spent outside of the hospital setting is to be paid by the 
hospital.
    (d) For portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after 
January 1, 1999, and before October 1, 2004, the time residents spend in 
nonprovider settings such as freestanding clinics, nursing homes, and 
physicians' offices in connection with approved programs may be included 
in determining the number of FTE residents in the calculation of a 
hospital's resident count if the following conditions are met--
    (1) The resident spends his or her time in patient care activities, 
as defined in Sec. 413.75(b).
    (2) The written agreement between the hospital and the nonhospital 
site must indicate that the hospital will incur the cost of the 
resident's salary and fringe benefits while the resident is training in 
the nonhospital site and the hospital is providing reasonable 
compensation to the nonhospital site for supervisory teaching 
activities. The agreement must indicate the compensation the hospital is 
providing to the nonhospital site for supervisory teaching activities.
    (3) The hospital must incur all or substantially all of the costs 
for the training program in the nonhospital setting in accordance with 
the definition in Sec. 413.75(b).
    (4) The hospital is subject to the principles of community support 
and redistribution of costs as specified in Sec. 413.81.
    (e) For portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after 
October 1, 2004, the time residents spend in nonprovider settings such 
as freestanding clinics, nursing homes, and physicians' offices in 
connection with approved programs may be included in determining the 
number of FTE residents in the calculation of a hospital's resident 
count if the following conditions are met--
    (1) The resident spends his or her time in patient care activities, 
as defined in Sec. 413.75(b).
    (2) The hospital must incur all or substantially all of the costs of 
the training program in a nonhospital setting(s) (in accordance with the 
definition under Sec. 413.75(b)).
    (3) The hospital must comply with one of the following:

[[Page 677]]

    (i) The hospital must pay all or substantially all of the costs of 
the training program in a nonhospital setting(s) attributable to 
training that occurs during a month by the end of the third month 
following the month in which the training in the nonhospital site 
occurred; or
    (ii) There is a written agreement between the hospital and the 
nonhospital site that states that the hospital will incur the cost of 
the resident's salary and fringe benefits while the resident is training 
in the nonhospital site and the hospital is providing reasonable 
compensation to the nonhospital site for supervisory teaching 
activities. The agreement must indicate the compensation the hospital is 
providing to the nonhospital site for supervisory teaching activities.
    (4) The hospital is subject to the principles of community support 
and redistribution of costs as specified in Sec. 413.81.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 48142, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 413.79  Direct GME payments: Determination of the weighted number of FTE 
residents.

    Subject to the provisions in Sec. 413.80, CMS determines a 
hospital's number of FTE residents by applying a weighting factor to 
each resident and then summing the resulting numbers that represent each 
resident. The weighting factor is determined as follows:
    (a) Initial residency period. Generally, for purposes of this 
section, effective July 1, 1995, an initial residency period is defined 
as the minimum number of years required for board eligibility.
    (1) Prior to July 1, 1995, the initial residency period equals the 
minimum number of years required for board eligibility in a specialty or 
subspecialty plus 1 year. An initial residency period may not exceed 5 
years in order to be counted toward determining FTE status except in the 
case of a resident in an approved geriatric program whose initial 
residency period may last up to 2 additional years.
    (2) Effective October 1, 2003, for a resident who trains in an 
approved geriatric program that requires the residents to complete 2 
years of training to initially become board eligible in the geriatric 
specialty, the 2 years spent in the geriatrics program are treated as 
part of the resident's initial residency period.
    (3) Effective July 1, 2000, for residency programs that began 
before, on, or after November 29, 1999, the period of board eligibility 
and the initial residency period for a resident in an approved child 
neurology program is the period of board eligibility for pediatrics plus 
2 years.
    (4) Effective August 10, 1993, residents or fellows in an approved 
preventive medicine residency or fellowship program also may be counted 
as a full FTE resident for up to 2 additional years beyond the initial 
residency period limitations.
    (5) For combined residency programs, an initial residency period is 
defined as the time required for individual certification in the longer 
of the programs. If the resident is enrolled in a combined medical 
residency training program in which all of the individual programs (that 
are combined) are for training primary care residents (as defined in 
Sec. 413.75(b)) or obstetrics and gynecology residents, the initial 
residency period is the time required for individual certification in 
the longer of the programs plus 1 year.
    (6) For residency programs other than those specified in paragraphs 
(a)(2) through (a)(4) of this section, the initial residency period is 
the minimum number of years of formal training necessary to satisfy the 
requirements for initial board eligibility in the particular specialty 
for which the resident is training, as specified in the most recently 
published edition of the Graduate Medical Education Directory.
    (7) For residency programs in osteopathy, dentistry, and podiatry, 
the minimum requirement for certification in a specialty or subspecialty 
is the minimum number of years of formal training necessary to satisfy 
the requirements of the appropriate approving body listed in Sec. 
415.152 of this chapter.
    (8) For residency programs in geriatric medicine, accredited by the 
appropriate approving body listed in Sec. 415.152 of this chapter, 
these programs are considered approved programs on the later of--

[[Page 678]]

    (i) The starting date of the program within a hospital; or
    (ii) The hospital's cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
July 1, 1985.
    (9) The time spent in residency programs that do not lead to 
certification in a specialty or subspecialty, but that otherwise meet 
the definition of approved programs, as described in Sec. 413.75(b), is 
counted toward the initial residency period limitation.
    (10) Effective for portions of cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after October 1, 2004, if a hospital can document that a resident 
simultaneously matched for one year of training in a particular 
specialty program, and for a subsequent year(s) of training in a 
different specialty program, the resident's initial residency period 
will be determined based on the period of board eligibility for the 
specialty associated with the program for which the resident matched for 
the subsequent year(s) of training. Effective for portions of cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2005, if a hospital 
can document that a particular resident, prior to beginning the first 
year of residency training, matched in a specialty program for which 
training would begin at the conclusion of the first year of training, 
that resident's initial residency period will be determined in the 
resident's first year of training based on the period of board 
eligibility associated with the specialty program for which the resident 
matched for subsequent training year(s).
    (b) Weighting factor--(1) If the resident is in an initial residency 
period, the weighting factor is one.
    (2) If the resident is not in an initial residency period, the 
weighting factor is 1.00 during the period beginning on or after July 1, 
1985 and before July 1, 1986, .75 during the period beginning on or 
after July 1, 1986 and before July 1, 1987, and .50 thereafter without 
regard to the hospital's cost reporting period.
    (c) Unweighted FTE counts--(1) Definitions. As used in this 
paragraph (c):
    (i) Otherwise applicable resident cap refers to a hospital's FTE 
resident cap that is determined for a particular cost reporting period 
under paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (ii) Reference resident level refers to a hospital's resident level 
in the applicable reference period specified under paragraph (c)(3)(ii) 
of this section.
    (iii) Resident level refers to the number of unweighted allopathic 
and osteopathic FTE residents who are training in a hospital in a 
particular cost reporting period.
    (2) Determination of the FTE resident cap. Subject to the provisions 
of paragraphs (c)(3) through (c)(6) of this section and Sec. 413.81, 
for purposes of determining direct GME payment--
    (i) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1997, a hospital's resident level may not exceed the hospital's 
unweighted FTE count (or, effective for cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after April 1, 2000, 130 percent of the unweighted FTE count for a 
hospital located in a rural area) for these residents for the most 
recent cost reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1996.
    (ii) If a hospital's number of FTE residents in a cost reporting 
period beginning on or after October 1, 1997, and before October 1, 
2001, exceeds the limit described in this section, the hospital's total 
weighted FTE count (before application of the limit) will be reduced in 
the same proportion that the number of FTE residents for that cost 
reporting period exceeds the number of FTE residents for the most recent 
cost reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1996.
    (iii) If the hospital's number of FTE residents in a cost reporting 
period beginning on or after October 1, 2001 exceeds the limit described 
in this section, the hospital's weighted FTE count (before application 
of the limit) for primary care and obstetrics and gynecology residents 
and nonprimary care residents, respectively, will be reduced in the same 
proportion that the number of FTE residents for that cost reporting 
period exceeds the number of FTE residents for the most recent cost 
reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1996.
    (iv) Hospitals that are part of the same Medicare GME affiliated 
group (as described under Sec. 413.75(b)) may elect to apply the limit 
on an aggregate basis as described under paragraph (f) of this section.

[[Page 679]]

    (v) The fiscal intermediary may make appropriate modifications to 
apply the provisions of this paragraph (c) of this section based on the 
equivalent of a 12-month cost reporting period.
    (3) Determination of the reduction to the FTE resident cap due to 
unused FTE resident slots. If a hospital's reference resident level is 
less than its otherwise applicable FTE resident cap as determined under 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section or paragraph (e) of this section in the 
reference cost reporting period (as described under paragraph (c)(3)(ii) 
of this section), for portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after July 1, 2005, the hospital's otherwise applicable FTE resident cap 
is reduced by 75 percent of the difference between the otherwise 
applicable FTE resident cap and the reference resident level. Under this 
provision--
    (i) Exemption for certain rural hospitals. A rural hospital, as 
defined at subpart D of part 412 of this subchapter, with less than 250 
beds (as determined at Sec. 412.105(b)) in its most recent cost 
reporting period ending on or before September 30, 2002, is exempt from 
any reduction to the otherwise applicable FTE resident cap limit under 
paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
    (ii) Reference cost reporting periods.
    (A) To determine a hospital's reference resident level, CMS uses one 
of the following periods:
    (1) A hospital's most recent cost reporting period ending on or 
before September 30, 2002, for which a cost report has been settled or 
if the cost report has not been settled, the as-submitted cost report 
(subject to audit); or
    (2) A hospital's cost reporting period that includes July 1, 2003 if 
the hospital submits a timely request to CMS to increase its resident 
level due to an expansion of an existing program and that expansion is 
not reflected on the hospital's most recent settled cost report. An 
expansion of an existing program means that, except for expansions due 
to newly approved programs under paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A)(3) of this 
section, the number of unweighted allopathic and osteopathic FTE 
residents in any cost reporting period after the hospital's most recent 
settled cost report, up to and including the hospital's cost report that 
includes July 1, 2003, is greater than the number of unweighted 
allopathic and osteopathic FTE residents in programs that were existing 
at that hospital during the hospital's most recent settled cost report.
    (3) A hospital may submit a timely request that CMS adjust the 
resident level for purposes of determining any reduction under paragraph 
(c)(3) of this section for the following purposes:
    (i) In the hospital's reference cost reporting period under 
paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A)(1) of this section, to include the number of FTE 
residents for which a new program was accredited by the appropriate 
allopathic or osteopathic accrediting body (listed under Sec. 415.152 
of this chapter) before January 1, 2002, if the program was not in 
operation during the reference cost reporting period under paragraph 
(c)(3)(ii)(A)(1); or
    (ii) In the hospital's reference cost reporting period under 
paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A)(2) of this section, to include the number of FTE 
residents for which a new program was accredited by the appropriate 
allopathic or osteopathic accrediting body (listed under Sec. 415.152 
of this chapter) before January 1, 2002, if the program was not in 
operation during the cost reporting period that includes July 1, 2003, 
and if the hospital also qualifies to use its cost report under 
paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A)(2) of this section due to an expansion of an 
existing program.
    (B) If the cost report that is used to determine a hospital's 
otherwise applicable FTE resident cap in the reference period is not 
equal to 12 months, the fiscal intermediary may make appropriate 
modifications to apply the provisions of paragraph (c)(3)(i)(A) of this 
section based on the equivalent of a 12-month cost reporting period.
    (iii) If the new program described in paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A)(3)(i) 
or paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A)(ii) was accredited for a range of residents, 
the hospital may request that its reference resident level in its 
applicable reference cost reporting period under paragraph 
(c)(3)(ii)(A)(1) or (c)(3)(ii)(A)(2) of this section be adjusted to 
reflect the maximum number of accredited slots applicable to that 
hospital.

[[Page 680]]

    (iv) Consideration of Medicare GME affiliated group agreements. For 
hospitals that are members of the same affiliated group for the program 
year July 1, 2003 through June 30, 2004, in determining whether a 
hospital's otherwise applicable resident FTE resident cap is reduced 
under paragraph(c)(3) of this section, CMS treats these hospitals as a 
group. Using information from the hospitals' cost reports that include 
July 1, 2003, if the hospitals' aggregate FTE resident counts are equal 
to or greater than the aggregate otherwise applicable FTE resident cap 
for the affiliated group, then no reductions are made under paragraph 
(c)(3) of this section to the hospitals' otherwise applicable FTE 
resident caps. If the hospitals' aggregate FTE resident count is below 
the aggregate otherwise applicable FTE resident cap, then CMS determines 
on a hospital-specific basis whether the individual hospital's FTE 
resident count is less than its otherwise applicable resident cap (as 
adjusted by affiliation agreement(s)) in the hospital's cost report that 
includes July 1, 2003. If the hospital's FTE resident count is in excess 
of its otherwise applicable FTE resident cap, the hospital will not have 
its otherwise applicable FTE resident cap reduced under paragraph (c)(3) 
of this section. Hospitals in the affiliated group that have FTE 
resident counts below their individual otherwise applicable FTE resident 
caps are subject to a pro rata reduction in their otherwise applicable 
FTE resident caps that is equal, in total, to 75 percent of the 
difference between the aggregate FTE cap and the aggregate FTE count for 
the affiliated group. The pro rata reduction to the individual 
hospital's otherwise applicable resident cap is calculated by dividing 
the difference between the hospital's individual otherwise applicable 
FTE resident cap and the hospital's FTE resident count by the total 
amount by which all of the hospitals' individual FTE resident counts are 
below their otherwise affiliated FTE resident caps, multiplying the 
quotient by the difference between the aggregate FTE resident cap and 
the aggregate FTE resident counts for the affiliated group, and 
multiplying that result by 75 percent.
    (4) Determination of an increase in otherwise applicable resident 
cap. For portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 
1, 2005, a hospital may receive an increase in its otherwise applicable 
FTE resident cap up to an additional 25 FTEs (as determined by CMS) if 
the hospital meets the requirements and qualifying criteria of section 
1886(h)(7) of the Act and implementing instructions issued by CMS and if 
the hospital submits an application to CMS within the timeframe 
specified by CMS.
    (5) Special rules for hospitals that participate in demonstration 
projects or voluntary resident reduction plans. (i) If a hospital was 
participating in a demonstration project under section 402 of Pubic Law 
90-248 or the voluntary reduction plan under Sec. 413.88 for a greater 
period of time than the time period that elapsed since it withdrew from 
participation (or if it completed its participation) in the 
demonstration program or the voluntary reduction plan, for purposes of 
determining a possible reduction to the FTE resident caps under 
paragraph (c)(3) of this section, CMS compares the higher of the 
hospital's base number of residents (after subtracting any dental and 
podiatric FTE residents) or the hospital's reference resident level to 
the hospital's otherwise applicable resident cap determined under 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (ii) If a hospital participated in the demonstration project or the 
voluntary resident reduction plan for a period of time that is less than 
the time that elapsed since it withdraw from participation in the 
demonstration project or the voluntary reduction plan, the special rules 
in paragraph (c)(5)(i) do not apply, and the hospital is subject to the 
procedures applicable to all other hospitals for determining possible 
reductions to the FTE resident caps under paragraph (c)(3) of this 
section.
    (iii) CMS will not redistribute residency positions that are 
attributable to a hospital's participation in a demonstration project or 
a voluntary resident reduction plan to other hospitals that seek to 
increase their FTE resident caps under paragraph (c)(4) of this section.

[[Page 681]]

    (6) FTE resident caps for rural hospitals that are redesignated as 
urban. A rural hospital redesignated as urban after September 30, 2004, 
as a result of the most recent census data and implementation of the new 
MSA definitions announced by OMB on June 6, 2003, may retain the 
increases to its FTE resident cap that it received under paragraphs 
(c)(2)(i), (e)(1)(iii), and (e)(3) of this section while it was located 
in a rural area.
    (d) Weighted FTE counts. Subject to the provisions of Sec. 413.81, 
for purposes of determining direct GME payment--
    (1) For the hospital's first cost reporting period beginning on or 
after October 1, 1997, the hospital's weighted FTE count is equal to the 
average of the weighted FTE count for the payment year cost reporting 
period and the preceding cost reporting period.
    (2) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
1998, and before October 1, 2001, the hospital's weighted FTE count is 
equal to the average of the weighted FTE count for the payment year cost 
reporting period and the preceding two cost reporting periods.
    (3) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 
2001, the hospital's weighted FTE count for primary care and obstetrics 
and gynecology residents is equal to the average of the weighted primary 
care and obstetrics and gynecology counts for the payment year cost 
reporting period and the preceding two cost reporting periods, and the 
hospital's weighted FTE count for nonprimary care residents is equal to 
the average of the weighted nonprimary care FTE counts for the payment 
year cost reporting period and the preceding two cost reporting periods.
    (4) The fiscal intermediary may make appropriate modifications to 
apply the provisions of this paragraph (d) based on the equivalent of 
12-month cost reporting periods.
    (5) If a hospital qualifies for an adjustment to the limit 
established under paragraph (c)(2) of this section for new medical 
residency programs created under paragraph (e) of this section, the 
count of the residents participating in new medical residency training 
programs above the number included in the hospital's FTE count for the 
cost reporting period ending during calendar year 1996 is added after 
applying the averaging rules in this paragraph (d), for a period of 
years. Residents participating in new medical residency training 
programs are included in the hospital's FTE count before applying the 
averaging rules after the period of years has expired. For purposes of 
this paragraph (d), for each new program started, the period of years 
equals the minimum accredited length for each new program. The period of 
years begins when the first resident begins training in each new 
program.
    (6) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (h) of this section, FTE 
residents that are displaced by the closure of either another hospital 
or another hospital's program are added to the FTE count after applying 
the averaging rules in this paragraph (d), for the receiving hospital 
for the duration of the time that the displaced residents are training 
at the receiving hospital.
    (7) Subject to the provisions under paragraph (k) of this section, 
effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 
2000, FTE residents in a rural track program at an urban hospital are 
included in the urban hospital's rolling average calculation described 
in this paragraph (d).
    (e) New medical residency training programs. If a hospital 
establishes a new medical residency training program as defined in 
paragraph (l) of this section on or after January 1, 1995, the 
hospital's FTE cap described under paragraph (c) of this section may be 
adjusted as follows:
    (1) If a hospital had no allopathic or osteopathic residents in its 
most recent cost reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1996, 
and it establishes a new medical residency training program on or after 
January 1, 1995, the hospital's unweighted FTE resident cap under 
paragraph (c) of this section may be adjusted based on the product of 
the highest number of residents in any program year during the third 
year of the first program's existence for all new residency training 
programs and the number of years in which residents are expected to 
complete the program based on the minimum accredited

[[Page 682]]

length for the type of program. The adjustment to the cap may not exceed 
the number of accredited slots available to the hospital for the new 
program.
    (i) If the residents are spending an entire program year (or years) 
at one hospital and the remainder of the program at another hospital, 
the adjustment to each respective hospital's cap is equal to the product 
of the highest number of residents in any program year during the third 
year of the first program's existence and the number of years the 
residents are training at each respective hospital.
    (ii) Prior to the implementation of the hospital's adjustment to its 
FTE cap beginning with the fourth year of the hospital's residency 
program(s), the hospital's cap may be adjusted during each of the first 
3 years of the hospital's new residency program using the actual number 
of residents participating in the new program. The adjustment may not 
exceed the number of accredited slots available to the hospital for each 
program year.
    (iii) Except for rural hospitals, the cap will not be adjusted for 
new programs established more than 3 years after the first program 
begins training residents.
    (iv) Effective for affiliation agreements entered into on or after 
October 1, 2005, an urban hospital that qualifies for an adjustment to 
its FTE cap under paragraph (e)(1) of this section is permitted to be 
part of a Medicare GME affiliated group for purposes of establishing an 
aggregate FTE cap only if the adjustment that results from the 
affiliation is an increase to the urban hospital's FTE cap.
    (v) A rural hospital that qualifies for an adjustment to its FTE cap 
under paragraph (e)(1) of this section is permitted to be part of a 
Medicare GME affiliated group for purposes of establishing an aggregate 
FTE cap.
    (2) If a hospital had allopathic or osteopathic residents in its 
most recent cost reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1996, 
the hospital's unweighted FTE cap may be adjusted for new medical 
residency training programs established on or after January 1, 1995 and 
on or before August 5, 1997. The adjustment to the hospital's FTE 
resident limit for the new program is based on the product of the 
highest number of residents in any program year during the third year of 
the newly established program and the number of years in which residents 
are expected to complete each program based on the minimum accredited 
length for the type of program.
    (i) If the residents are spending an entire program year (or years) 
at one hospital and the remainder of the program at another hospital, 
the adjustment to each respective hospital's cap is equal to the product 
of the highest number of residents in any program year during the third 
year of the first program's existence and the number of years the 
residents are training at each respective hospital.
    (ii) Prior to the implementation of the hospital's adjustment to its 
FTE cap beginning with the fourth year of the hospital's residency 
program, the hospital's cap may be adjusted during each of the first 3 
years of the hospital's new residency program, using the actual number 
of residents in the new programs. The adjustment may not exceed the 
number of accredited slots available to the hospital for each program 
year.
    (3) If a hospital with allopathic or osteopathic residents in its 
most recent cost reporting period ending on or before December 31, 1996, 
is located in a rural area (or other hospitals located in rural areas 
that added residents under paragraph (e)(1) of this section), the 
hospital's unweighted FTE limit may be adjusted in the same manner 
described in paragraph (e)(2) of this section to reflect the increase 
for residents in the new medical residency training programs established 
after August 5, 1997. For these hospitals, the limit will be adjusted 
for additional new programs but not for expansions of existing or 
previously existing programs.
    (4) A hospital seeking an adjustment to the limit on its unweighted 
resident count policy must provide documentation to its fiscal 
intermediary justifying the adjustment.

[[Page 683]]

    (f) Medicare GME affiliated group. A hospital may receive a 
temporary adjustment to its FTE cap, which is subject to the averaging 
rules under paragraph (d) of this section, to reflect residents added or 
subtracted because the hospital is participating in a Medicare GME 
affiliated group (as defined under Sec. 413.75(b)). Under this 
provision--
    (1) Each hospital in the Medicare GME affiliated group must submit 
the Medicare GME affiliation agreement, as defined under Sec. 413.75(b) 
of this section, to the CMS fiscal intermediary servicing the hospital 
and send a copy to CMS's Central Office no later than July 1 of the 
residency program year during which the Medicare GME affiliation 
agreement will be in effect.
    (2) Each hospital in the Medicare GME affiliated group must have a 
shared rotational arrangement, as defined in Sec. 413.75(b), with at 
least one other hospital within the Medicare GME affiliated group, and 
all of the hospitals within the Medicare GME affiliated group must be 
connected by a series of such shared rotational arrangements.
    (3) During the shared rotational arrangements under a Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement, as defined in Sec. 413.75(b), more than one of 
the hospitals in the Medicare GME affiliated group must count the 
proportionate amount of the time spent by the resident(s) in its FTE 
resident counts. No resident may be counted in the aggregate as more 
than one FTE.
    (4) The net effect of the adjustments (positive or negative) on the 
Medicare GME affiliated hospitals' aggregate FTE cap for each Medicare 
GME affiliation agreement must not exceed zero.
    (5) If the Medicare GME affiliation agreement terminates for any 
reason, the FTE cap of each hospital in the Medicare GME affiliated 
group will revert to the individual hospital's pre-affiliation FTE cap 
that is determined under the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (6) Emergency Medicare GME affiliated group. Effective on or after 
August 29, 2005, home and host hospitals as defined at Sec. 413.75(b) 
may form an emergency Medicare GME affiliated group by meeting the 
requirements provided in this section. The emergency Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement may be made effective beginning on or after the 
first day of a section 1135 emergency period, and terminates no later 
than at the conclusion of two academic years following the academic year 
during which the section 1135 emergency period began.
    (i) Each hospital in the emergency Medicare GME affiliated group 
must submit an emergency Medicare GME affiliation agreement that is 
written, signed, and dated by responsible representatives of each 
participating hospital in the manner specified in paragraph (ii) and 
includes the following information:
    (A) List each participating hospital and its provider number; and 
indicate whether each hospital is a home or host hospital.
    (B) Specify the effective period of the emergency Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement (which must, in any event, terminate at the 
conclusion of two academic years following the academic year in which 
the section 1135 emergency period began).
    (C) List each participating hospital's IME and direct GME FTE caps 
in effect before the emergency Medicare GME affiliation agreement 
(including any adjustments to those caps in effect as a result of other 
Medicare GME affiliation agreements but not including any slots gained 
under Sec. 413.79(c)(4)).
    (D) Specify the total adjustment to each participating hospital's 
FTE caps in each academic year that the emergency Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement is in effect, for both direct GME and IME, that 
reflects a positive adjustment to the host hospital's direct and 
indirect FTE caps that is offset by a negative adjustment to the home 
hospital's (or hospitals') direct and indirect FTE caps of at least the 
same amount. The sum total of adjustments to all the participating 
hospitals' FTE caps under the emergency Medicare GME affiliation 
agreement may not exceed the aggregate adjusted FTE caps of the 
hospitals participating in the emergency Medicare GME affiliated group. 
A home hospital's IME and direct GME FTE cap reductions in an emergency 
Medicare GME affiliation agreement are limited to the home hospital's 
IME and direct GME FTE

[[Page 684]]

resident caps at Sec. 413.79(c) or Sec. 413.79(f)(1) through (f)(5), 
that is, as adjusted by any and all existing affiliation agreements as 
applicable.
    (E) Attach copies of all existing Medicare GME affiliation 
agreements and emergency Medicare GME affiliation agreements in which 
the hospital is participating at the time the emergency Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement is executed.
    (ii) Deadline for submission of the emergency Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement. (A) Except for emergency Medicare GME affiliation 
agreements that meet the requirements of paragraph (f)(6)(ii)(B) of this 
section, each participating hospital must submit an emergency Medicare 
GME affiliation agreement to CMS and submit a copy to its CMS fiscal 
intermediary by--
    (1) First year. The later of 180 days after the section 1135 
emergency period begins or by June 30 of the academic year in which the 
section 1135 emergency was declared; or
    (2) Two subsequent academic years. The later of 180 days after the 
section 1135 emergency period begins, or by July 1 of each academic year 
for the 2 subsequent academic years.
    (B) For emergency Medicare GME affiliation agreements that would 
otherwise be required to be submitted by June 30, 2006 or July 1, 2006, 
each participating hospital must submit an emergency Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement to CMS and submit a copy to its CMS fiscal 
intermediary on or before October 9, 2006.
    (iii) Exemption from the Shared Rotational Arrangement Requirement. 
During the effective period of the emergency Medicare GME affiliation 
agreement, hospitals in the emergency Medicare GME affiliated group are 
not required to participate in a shared rotational arrangement as 
defined at Sec. 413.75(b).
    (iv) Host Hospital Exception from the Rolling Average for the Period 
from August 29, 2005 to June 30, 2006. To determine the FTE resident 
count for a host hospital that is training residents in excess of its 
cap, a two step process will be applied. First, subject to the limit at 
paragraph (f)(6)(i)(D) of this section, a host hospital is to exclude 
the displaced FTE residents that are counted by a host hospital in 
excess of the hospital's cap pursuant to an emergency Medicare GME 
affiliation agreement from August 29, 2005, to June 30, 2006, from the 
current year's FTE resident count before applying the three-year rolling 
averaging rules under Sec. 413.75 (d) to calculate the average FTE 
resident count. Second, the displaced FTE residents that are counted by 
the host hospital in excess of the host hospital's cap pursuant to an 
emergency Medicare GME affiliation agreement from August 29, 2005, to 
June 30, 2006, are added to the hospital's 3-year rolling average FTE 
resident count to determine the host hospital's FTE resident count for 
payment purposes.
    (g) Newly constructed hospitals. A hospital that began construction 
of its facility prior to August 5, 1997, and sponsored new medical 
residency training programs on or after January 1, 1995, and on or 
before August 5, 1997, that either received initial accreditation by the 
appropriate accrediting body or temporarily trained residents at another 
hospital(s) until the facility was completed, may receive an adjustment 
to its FTE cap.
    (1) The newly constructed hospital's FTE cap is equal to the lesser 
of--
    (i) The product of the highest number of residents in any program 
year during the third year of the newly established program and the 
number of years in which residents are expected to complete the programs 
based on the minimum accredited length for each type of program; or
    (ii) The number of accredited slots available to the hospital for 
each year of the programs.
    (2) If the new medical residency training programs sponsored by the 
newly constructed hospital have been in existence for 3 years or more by 
the time the residents begin training at the newly constructed hospital, 
the newly constructed hospital's cap will be based on the number of 
residents training in the third year of the programs begun at the 
temporary training site.
    (3) If the new medical residency training programs sponsored by the 
newly constructed hospital have been in existence for less than 3 years 
by the time the residents begin training at the newly constructed 
hospital, the

[[Page 685]]

newly constructed hospital's cap will be based on the number of 
residents training at the newly constructed hospital in the third year 
of the programs (including the years at the temporary training site).
    (4) A hospital that qualifies for an adjustment to its FTE cap under 
this paragraph (g) may be part of an affiliated group for purposes of 
establishing an aggregate FTE cap.
    (5) The provisions of this paragraph (g) are applicable during 
portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after October 1, 
1999.
    (h) Closure of hospital or hospital residency program--(1) 
Definitions. For purposes of this section--
    (i) Closure of a hospital means the hospital terminates its Medicare 
agreement under the provisions of Sec. 489.52 of this chapter.
    (ii) Closure of a hospital residency training program means the 
hospital ceases to offer training for residents in a particular approved 
medical residency training program.
    (2) Closure of a hospital. A hospital may receive a temporary 
adjustment to its FTE cap to reflect residents added because of another 
hospital's closure if the hospital meets the following criteria:
    (i) The hospital is training additional residents from a hospital 
that closed on or after July 1, 1996.
    (ii) No later than 60 days after the hospital begins to train the 
residents, the hospital submits a request to its fiscal intermediary for 
a temporary adjustment to its FTE cap, documents that the hospital is 
eligible for this temporary adjustment by identifying the residents who 
have come from the closed hospital and have caused the hospital to 
exceed its cap, and specifies the length of time the adjustment is 
needed.
    (3) Closure of a hospital's residency training program. If a 
hospital that closes its residency training program voluntarily agrees 
to temporarily reduce its FTE cap according to the criteria specified in 
paragraph (h)(3)(ii) of this section, another hospital(s) may receive a 
temporary adjustment to its FTE cap to reflect residents added because 
of the closure of the residency training program if the criteria 
specified in paragraph (h)(3)(i) of this section are met.
    (i) Receiving hospital(s). A hospital may receive a temporary 
adjustment to its FTE cap to reflect residents added because of the 
closure of another hospital's residency training program if--
    (A) The hospital is training additional residents from the residency 
training program of a hospital that closed a program; and
    (B) No later than 60 days after the hospital begins to train the 
residents, the hospital submits to its fiscal intermediary a request for 
a temporary adjustment to its FTE cap, documents that it is eligible for 
this temporary adjustment by identifying the residents who have come 
from another hospital's closed program and have caused the hospital to 
exceed its cap, specifies the length of time the adjustment is needed, 
and submits to its fiscal intermediary a copy of the FTE reduction 
statement by the hospital that closed its program, as specified in 
paragraph (h)(3)(ii)(B) of this section.
    (ii) Hospital that closed its program(s). A hospital that agrees to 
train residents who have been displaced by the closure of another 
hospital's program may receive a temporary FTE cap adjustment only if 
the hospital with the closed program--
    (A) Temporarily reduces its FTE cap based on the FTE residents in 
each program year training in the program at the time of the program's 
closure. This yearly reduction in the FTE cap will be determined based 
on the number of those residents who would have been training in the 
program during that year had the program not closed; and
    (B) No later than 60 days after the residents who were in the closed 
program begin training at another hospital, submit to its fiscal 
intermediary a statement signed and dated by its representative that 
specifies that it agrees to the temporary reduction in its FTE cap to 
allow the hospital training the displaced residents to obtain a 
temporary adjustment to its cap; identifies the residents who were in 
training at the time of the program's closure; identifies the hospitals 
to which the residents are transferring once the

[[Page 686]]

program closes; and specifies the reduction for the applicable program 
years.
    (i) Additional FTEs for residents on maternity or disability leave 
or other approved leave of absence. Effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after November 29, 1999, a hospital may receive an 
adjustment to its FTE cap of up to three additional resident FTEs, if 
the hospital meets the following criteria:
    (1) The additional residents are residents of a primary care program 
that would have been counted by the hospital as residents for purposes 
of the hospital's FTE cap but for the fact that the additional residents 
were on maternity or disability leave or a similar approved leave of 
absence during the hospital's most recent cost reporting period ending 
on or before December 31, 1996;
    (2) The leave of absence was approved by the residency program 
director to allow the residents to be absent from the program and return 
to the program after the leave of absence; and
    (3) No later than 6 months after August 1, 2000, the hospital 
submits to the fiscal intermediary a request for an adjustment to its 
FTE cap, and provides contemporaneous documentation of the approval of 
the leave of absence by the residency director, specific to each 
additional resident that is to be counted for purposes of the 
adjustment.
    (j) Residents previously trained at VA hospitals. For cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 1997, a non-Veterans Affairs 
(VA) hospital may receive a temporary adjustment to its FTE cap to 
reflect residents who had previously trained at a VA hospital and were 
subsequently transferred to the non-VA hospital, if that hospital meets 
the following criteria:
    (1) The transferred residents had been training previously at a VA 
hospital in a program that would have lost its accreditation by the 
ACGME if the residents continued to train at the VA hospital;
    (2) The residents were transferred to the hospital from the VA 
hospital on or after January 1, 1997, and before July 31, 1998; and
    (3) The hospital submits a request to its fiscal intermediary for a 
temporary adjustment to its FTE cap, documents that it is eligible for 
this temporary adjustment by identifying the residents who have come 
from the VA hospital, and specifies the length of time those residents 
will be trained at the hospital.
    (k) Residents training in rural track programs. Subject to the 
provisions of Sec. 413.81, an urban hospital that establishes a new 
residency program, or has an existing residency program, with a rural 
track (or an integrated rural track) may include in its FTE count 
residents in those rural tracks, in addition to the residents subject to 
its FTE cap specified under paragraph (c) of this section. An urban 
hospital with a rural track residency program may count residents in 
those rural tracks up to a rural track FTE limitation if the hospital 
complies with the conditions specified in paragraphs (k)(2) through 
(k)(7) of this section.
    (1) If an urban hospital rotates residents to a separately 
accredited rural track program at a rural hospital(s) for two-thirds of 
the duration of the program for cost reporting periods beginning on or 
after April 1, 2000, and before October 1, 2003, or for more than one-
half of the duration of the program for cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 2003, the urban hospital may include those 
residents in its FTE count for the time the rural track residents spend 
at the urban hospital. The urban hospital may include in its FTE count 
those residents in the rural track training at the urban hospital, not 
to exceed its rural track FTE limitation, determined as follows:
    (i) For the first 3 years of the rural track's existence, the rural 
track FTE limitation for each urban hospital will be the actual number 
of FTE residents, subject to the rolling average at paragraph (d)(7) of 
this section, training in the rural track at the urban hospital.
    (ii) Beginning with the fourth year of the rural track's existence, 
the rural track FTE limitation is equal to the product of the highest 
number of residents, in any program year, who during the third year of 
the rural track's existence are training in the rural track at the urban 
hospital or the rural hospital(s) and are designated at the beginning of 
their training to be rotated

[[Page 687]]

to the rural hospital(s) for at least two-thirds of the duration of the 
program for cost reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2000, 
and before October 1, 2002, or for more than one-half of the duration of 
the program effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 2003, and the number of years those residents are training at 
the urban hospital.
    (2) If an urban hospital rotates residents to a separately 
accredited rural track program at a rural nonhospital site(s) for two-
thirds of the duration of the program for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after April 1, 2000, and before October 1, 2003, or for 
more than one-half of the duration of the program for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2003, the urban hospital may 
include those residents in its FTE count, subject to the requirements 
under Sec. 413.78(d). The urban hospital may include in its FTE count 
those residents in the rural track, not to exceed its rural track FTE 
limitation, determined as follows:
    (i) For the first 3 years of the rural track's existence, the rural 
track FTE limitation for each urban hospital will be the actual number 
of FTE residents, subject to the rolling average specified in paragraph 
(d)(7) of this section, training in the rural track at the urban 
hospital and the rural nonhospital site(s).
    (ii) Beginning with the fourth year of the rural track's existence, 
the rural track FTE limitation is equal to the product of--
    (A) The highest number of residents in any program year who, during 
the third year of the rural track's existence, are training in the rural 
track at--
    (1) The urban hospital and are designated at the beginning of their 
training to be rotated to a rural nonhospital site(s) for at least two-
thirds of the duration of the program for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after April 1, 2000 and before October 1, 2003, or for 
more than one-half of the duration of the program for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2003; and
    (2) The rural nonhospital site(s); and
    (B) The number of years in which the residents are expected to 
complete each program based on the minimum accredited length for the 
type of program.
    (3) If an urban hospital rotates residents in the rural track 
program to a rural hospital(s) for less than two-thirds of the duration 
of the program for cost reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 
2000, and before October 1, 2003, or for one-half or less than one-half 
of the duration of the program for cost reporting periods beginning on 
or after October 1, 2003, the rural hospital may not include those 
residents in its FTE count (if the rural track is not a new program 
under paragraph (e)(3) of this section, or if the rural hospital's FTE 
count exceeds that hospital's FTE cap), nor may the urban hospital 
include those residents when calculating its rural track FTE limitation.
    (4) If an urban hospital rotates residents in the rural track 
program to a rural nonhospital site(s) for less than two-thirds of the 
duration of the program for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
April 1, 2000 and before October 1, 2003, or for one-half or less than 
one-half of the duration of the program for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after October 1, 2003, the urban hospital may include 
those residents in its FTE count, subject to the requirements under 
Sec. 413.78(d). The urban hospital may include in its FTE count those 
residents in the rural track, not to exceed its rural track limitation, 
determined as follows:
    (i) For the first 3 years of the rural track's existence, the rural 
track FTE limitation for the urban hospital will be the actual number of 
FTE residents, subject to the rolling average specified in paragraph 
(d)(7) of this section, training in the rural track at the rural 
nonhospital site(s).
    (ii) Beginning with the fourth year of the rural track's existence, 
the rural track FTE limitation is equal to the product of--
    (A) The highest number of residents in any program year who, during 
the third year of the rural track's existence, are training in the rural 
track at the rural nonhospital site(s) or are designated at the 
beginning of their training to be rotated to the rural nonhospital 
site(s) for a period that is less

[[Page 688]]

than two-thirds of the duration of the program for cost reporting 
periods beginning on or after April 1, 2002, and before October 1, 2003, 
or for one-half or less than one-half of the duration of the program for 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 2003; and
    (B) The length of time in which the residents are being training at 
the rural nonhospital site(s) only.
    (5) All urban hospitals that wish to count FTE residents in rural 
tracks, not to exceed their respective rural track FTE limitation, must 
also comply with all of the following conditions:
    (i) An urban hospital may not include in its rural track FTE 
limitation or (assuming the urban hospital's FTE count exceeds its FTE 
cap) FTE count residents who are training in a rural track residency 
program that were already included as part of the hospital's FTE cap.
    (ii) The hospital must base its count of residents in a rural track 
on written contemporaneous documentation that each resident enrolled in 
a rural track program at the hospital intends to rotate for a portion of 
the residency program to a rural area.
    (iii) All residents that are included by the hospital as part of its 
rural track FTE count (not to exceed its rural track FTE limitation) 
must train in the rural area. However, where a resident begins to train 
in the rural track program at the urban hospital but leaves the program 
before completing the total required portion of training in the rural 
area, the urban hospital may count the time the resident trained in the 
urban hospital if another resident fills the vacated FTE slot and 
completes the training in the rural portion of the rural track program. 
An urban hospital may not receive GME payment for the time the resident 
trained at the urban hospital if another resident fills the vacated FTE 
slot and first begins to train at the urban hospital.
    (6) If CMS finds that residents who are included by the urban 
hospital as part of its FTE count did not actually complete the training 
in the rural area, CMS will reopen the urban hospital's cost report 
within the 3-year reopening period as specified in Sec. 405.1885 of 
this chapter and adjust the hospital's Medicare GME payments (and, where 
applicable, the hospital's rural track FTE limitation).
    (l) For purposes of this section, a new medical residency training 
program means a medical residency that receives initial accreditation by 
the appropriate accrediting body or begins training residents on or 
after January 1, 1995.
    (7) If an urban hospital had established a rural track training 
program under the provisions of this paragraph (k) with a hospital 
located in a rural area and that rural area subsequently becomes an 
urban area due to the most recent census data and implementation of the 
new labor market area definitions announced by OMB on June 6, 2003, the 
urban hospital may continue to adjust its FTE resident limit in 
accordance with this paragraph (k) for the rural track programs 
established prior to the adoption of such new labor market area 
definitions. In order to receive an adjustment to its FTE resident cap 
for a new rural track residency program, the urban hospital must 
establish a rural track program with hospitals that are designated rural 
based on the most recent geographical location designations adopted by 
CMS.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004, as amended at 69 FR 60252, Oct. 7, 2004; 69 
FR 78530, Dec. 30, 2004; 70 FR 47489, Aug. 12, 2005; 71 FR 18666, Apr. 
12, 2006; 71 FR 38266, July 6, 2006; 71 FR 48142, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 413.80  Direct GME payments: Determination of weighting factors for 
foreign medical graduates.

    (a) The weighting factor for a foreign medical graduate is 
determined under the provisions of Sec. 413.79 if the foreign medical 
graduate--
    (1) Has passed FMGEMS; or
    (2) Before July 1, 1986, received certification from, or passed an 
examination of, the Educational Committee for Foreign Medical Graduates.
    (b) Before July 1, 1986, the weighting factor for a foreign medical 
graduate is 1.0 times the weight determined under the provisions of 
Sec. 413.79. On or after July 1, 1986, and before July 1, 1987, the 
weighting factor for a graduate of a foreign medical school who was in a

[[Page 689]]

residency program both before and after July 1, 1986 but who does not 
meet the requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this section is .50 
times the weight determined under the provisions of Sec. 413.79.
    (c) On or after July 1, 1987, these foreign medical graduates are 
not counted in determining the number of FTE residents.
    (d) During the cost reporting period in which a foreign medical 
graduate passes FMGEMS, the weighting factor for that resident is 
determined under the provisions of Sec. 413.79 for the part of the cost 
reporting period beginning with the month the resident passes the test.
    (e) On or after September 1, 1989, the National Board of Medical 
Examiners Examination, Parts I and II, may be substituted for FMGEMS for 
purposes of the determination made under paragraphs (a) and (d) of this 
section.
    (f) On or after June 1, 1992, the United States Medical Licensing 
Examination may be substituted for the FMGEMS for purposes of the 
determination made under paragraphs (a) and (d) of this section. On or 
after July 1, 1993, only the results of steps I and II of the United 
States Medical Licensing Examination will be accepted for purposes of 
making this determination.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.81  Direct GME payments: Application of community support and 
redistribution of costs in determining FTE resident counts.

    (a) For purposes of determining direct GME payments, the following 
principles apply:
    (1) Community support. If the community has undertaken to bear the 
costs of medical education through community support, the costs are not 
considered GME costs to the hospital for purposes of Medicare payment.
    (2) Redistribution of costs. The costs of training residents that 
constitute a redistribution of costs from an educational institution to 
the hospital are not considered GME costs to the hospital for purposes 
of Medicare payment.
    (b) Application. A hospital must continuously incur costs of direct 
GME of residents training in a particular program at a training site 
since the date the residents first began training in that program in 
order for the hospital to count the FTE residents in accordance with the 
provisions of Sec. Sec. 413.78, 413.79 (c) through (e), and 413.79(k). 
This rule also applies to providers that are paid for direct GME in 
accordance with Sec. 405.2468 of this chapter, Sec. 422.270 of this 
subchapter, and Sec. 413.70.
    (c)(1) Effective date. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(2) 
of this section, payments made in accordance with determinations made 
under the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section will be 
effective for portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after 
October 1, 2003.
    (2) Applicability for certain hospitals. With respect to an FTE 
resident who begins training in a residency program on or before October 
1, 2003, and with respect to whom there has been a redistribution of 
costs or community support determined under the provisions of paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section, the hospital may continue to count the FTE 
resident until the resident has completed training in that program, or 
until 3 years after the date the resident began training in that 
program, whichever comes first.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.82  Direct GME payments: Special rules for States that formerly had 
a waiver from Medicare reimbursement principles.

    (a) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 1986, hospitals in States that, prior to becoming subject to 
the prospective payment system, had a waiver for the operation of a 
State reimbursement control system under section 1886(c) of the Act, 
section 402 of the Social Security Amendments of 1967 (42 U.S.C. 1395b-1 
or section 222(a) of the Social Security Amendment of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 
1395b-1 (note)) are permitted to change the order in which they allocate 
administrative and general costs to the order specified in the 
instructions for the Medicare cost report.
    (b) For hospitals making this election, the base-period costs for 
the purpose of determining the per resident amount are adjusted to take 
into account the change in the order by which

[[Page 690]]

they allocate administrative and general costs to interns and residents 
in approved program cost centers.
    (c) Per resident amounts are determined for the base period and 
updated as described in Sec. 413.77. For cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 1986, payment is made based on the 
methodology described in Sec. 413.76.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.83  Direct GME payments: Adjustment of a hospital's target amount or 
prospective payment hospital-specific rate.

    (a) Misclassified operating costs--(1) General rule. If a hospital 
has its base-period GME costs reduced under Sec. 413.77(a) of this 
section because those costs included misclassified operating costs, the 
hospital may request that the intermediary review the classification of 
the affected costs in its rate-of-increase ceiling or prospective 
payment base year for purposes of adjusting the hospital's target amount 
or hospital-specific rate. For those cost reports that are not subject 
to reopening under Sec. 405.1885 of this chapter, the hospital's 
reopening request must explicitly state that the review is limited to 
this one issue.
    (2) Request for review. The hospital must request review of the 
classification of its rate-of-increase ceiling or prospective payment 
base year costs no later than 180 days after the date of the notice by 
the intermediary of the hospital's base-period average per resident 
amount. A hospital's request for review must include sufficient 
documentation to demonstrate to the intermediary that adjustment of the 
hospital's hospital-specific rate or target amount is warranted.
    (3) Effect of intermediary's review. If the intermediary, upon 
review of the hospital's costs, determines that the hospital's hospital-
specific rate or target amount should be adjusted, the adjustment of the 
hospital-specific rate or the target amount is effective for the 
hospital's cost reporting periods subject to the prospective payment 
system or the rate-of-increase ceiling that are still subject to 
reopening under Sec. 405.1885 of this chapter.
    (b) Misclassification of GME costs--(1) General rule. If costs that 
should have been classified as GME costs were treated as operating costs 
during both the GME base period and the rate-of-increase ceiling base 
year or prospective payment base year and the hospital wishes to receive 
benefit for the appropriate classification of these costs as GME costs 
in the GME base period, the hospital must request that the intermediary 
review the classification of the affected costs in the rate-of-increase 
ceiling or prospective payment base year for purposes of adjusting the 
hospital's target amount or hospital-specific rate. For those cost 
reports that are not subject to reopening under Sec. 405.1885 of this 
chapter, the hospital's reopening request must explicitly state that the 
review is limited to this one issue.
    (2) Request for review. The hospital must request review of the 
classification of its costs no later than 180 days after the date of the 
intermediary's notice of the hospital's base-period average per resident 
amount. A hospital's request for review must include sufficient 
documentation to demonstrate to the intermediary that modification of 
the adjustment of the hospital's hospital-specific rate or target amount 
is warranted.
    (3) Effect of intermediary's review. If the intermediary, upon 
review of the hospital's costs, determines that the hospital's hospital-
specific rate or target amount should be adjusted, the adjustment of the 
hospital-specific rate and the adjustment of the target amount is 
effective for the hospital's cost reporting periods subject to the 
prospective payment system or the rate-of-increase ceiling that are 
still subject to reopening under Sec. 405.1885 of this chapter.

[69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.85  Cost of approved nursing and allied health education activities.

    (a) Statutory basis. This section implements section 1861(v)(1)(A) 
of the Act and section 4004(b) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 
of 1990 (Public Law 101-508) by establishing the methodology for 
Medicare payment of the costs of approved nursing and allied health 
education activities.
    (b) Scope. (1) This section sets forth the rules for determining 
Medicare

[[Page 691]]

payments to hospitals for the costs of nursing and allied health 
education activities.
    (2) This section does not address Medicare payments for the direct 
and indirect costs of graduate medical education (that is, approved 
residency programs in medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, and podiatry). 
Medicare payment for these costs is determined as provided in Sec. 
412.105 of this subchapter andSec. Sec. 413.75 through 413.83.
    (3) The rules under this section do not apply to activities that are 
specified in paragraph (h) of this section and identified as normal 
operating costs.
    (c) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following 
definitions apply:
    Approved educational activities means formally organized or planned 
programs of study of the type that:
    (1) Are operated by providers as specified in paragraph (f) of this 
section;
    (2) Enhance the quality of inpatient care at the provider; and
    (3) Meet the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section for State 
licensure or accreditation.
    Classroom instruction costs are those costs associated with formal, 
didactic instruction on a specific topic or subject in a class that 
meets at regular, scheduled intervals over a specific time period (for 
example, semester or quarter), and for which a student receives a grade.
    Clinical training costs means costs of training for the acquisition 
and use of the skills of a nursing or allied health profession or trade 
in the actual environment in which these skills will be used by the 
student upon graduation. Clinical training may involve occasional or 
periodic meetings to discuss or analyze cases, critique performance, or 
discuss specific skills or techniques; it involves no classroom 
instruction.
    Community support means funding that is provided by the community 
and generally includes all non-Medicare sources of funding (other than 
payments made for furnishing services to individual patients), including 
State and local government appropriations. Community support does not 
include grants, gifts, and endowments of the kind that are not to be 
offset in accordance with section 1134 of the Act.
    Redistribution of costs means an attempt by a provider to increase 
the amount, or to expand the types, of the costs of educational 
activities that are allowed for Medicare payment purposes by claiming 
costs that previously were not claimed by the provider and were 
considered costs of an educational institution. For example, costs for a 
school of nursing or allied health education or a medical school that 
were incurred by an educational institution and were not allowable to 
the provider in its prospective payment or rate-of-increase limit base 
year cost report, or graduate medical education per resident amount 
calculated under Sec. Sec. 413.75 through 413.83, are not allowable 
costs in subsequent fiscal years.
    (d) General payment rules. (1) Payment for a provider's net cost of 
nursing and allied health education activities is determined on a 
reasonable cost basis, subject to the following conditions and 
limitations:
    (i) An approved educational activity--
    (A) Is recognized by a national approving body or State licensing 
authority as specified in paragraph (e) of this section;
    (B) Meets the criteria specified in paragraph (f) of this section 
for identification as an operator of an approved education program.
    (C) Enhances the quality of inpatient care at the provider.
    (ii) The cost for certain nonprovider-operated programs are 
reimbursable on a reasonable cost basis if the programs meet the 
criteria specified in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
    (iii) The costs of certain nonprovider-operated programs at wholly 
owned subsidiary educational institutions are reimbursable on a 
reasonable cost basis if the provisions of paragraph (g)(3) of this 
section are met.
    (2) Determination of net cost. (i) Subject to the provisions of 
paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this section, the net cost of approved 
educational activities is determined by deducting the revenues that a 
provider receives from tuition and student fees from the provider's 
total allowable educational costs that are directly related to approved 
educational activities.

[[Page 692]]

    (ii) A provider's total allowable educational costs are those costs 
incurred by the provider for trainee stipends, compensation of teachers, 
and other costs of the activities as determined under the Medicare cost-
finding principles in Sec. 413.24. These costs do not include patient 
care costs, costs incurred by a related organization, or costs that 
constitute a redistribution of costs from an educational institution to 
a provider or costs that have been or are currently being provided 
through community support.
    (iii) The net costs of approved certified registered nurse 
anesthetist (CRNA) education programs that are determined on a 
reasonable cost basis are subject to the additional condition that 
allowable compensation costs for faculty members who are CRNAs are 
limited to the compensation costs for administrative activities related 
to the educational program, the compensation costs directly related to 
hours spent in classroom instruction, and the costs related to the 
clinical training of students for which the CRNA may not receive payment 
under the CRNA fee schedule. No pass-through compensation costs are 
allowable for the time a CRNA spends in the clinical training of a 
student anesthetist during a surgical procedure in the operating room 
for which the CRNA may receive payment under the CRNA fee schedule. As 
specified at Sec. 414.46 of this chapter, if the CRNA continuously 
supervises the services of a single student nurse anesthetist, or where 
the medical direction rules allow a CRNA to bill for the service, 
payment can be made under the CRNA fee schedule.
    (iv) Net costs are subject to apportionment for Medicare utilization 
as described in Sec. 413.50.
    (e) Approved nursing and allied health education programs. CMS will 
consider an activity an approved nursing and allied health education 
program if the program is a planned program of study that is licensed by 
State law, or if licensing is not required, is accredited by the 
recognized national professional organization for the particular 
activity. Such national accrediting bodies include, but are not limited 
to, the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, 
the National League of Nursing Accrediting Commission, the Association 
for Clinical Pastoral Education Inc., and the American Dietetic 
Association.
    (f) Criteria for identifying programs operated by a provider. (1) 
Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, for cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1983, in order to be 
considered the operator of an approved nursing or allied health 
education program, a provider must meet all of the following 
requirements:
    (i) Directly incur the training costs.
    (ii) Have direct control of the program curriculum. (A provider may 
enter into an agreement with an educational institution to furnish basic 
academic courses required for completion of the program, but the 
provider must provide all of the courses relating to the theory and 
practice of the nursing or allied health profession involved that are 
required for the degree, diploma, or certificate awarded at the 
completion of the program.)
    (iii) Control the administration of the program, including 
collection of tuition (where applicable), control the maintenance of 
payroll records of teaching staff or students, or both (where 
applicable), and be responsible for day-to-day program operation. (A 
provider may contract with another entity to perform some administrative 
functions, but the provider must maintain control over all aspects of 
the contracted functions.)
    (iv) Employ the teaching staff.
    (v) Provide and control both classroom instruction and clinical 
training (where classroom instruction is a requirement for program 
completion), subject to the parenthetical sentence in paragraph 
(f)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (2) Absent evidence to the contrary, the provider that issues the 
degree, diploma, or other certificate upon successful completion of an 
approved education program is assumed to meet all of the criteria set 
forth in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and to be the operator of the 
program.
    (g) Payment for certain nonprovider-operated programs--(1) Payment 
rule. Costs incurred by a provider, or by an educational institution 
that is related to the provider by common ownership or control (that is, 
a related organization

[[Page 693]]

as defined in Sec. 413.17(b)), for the clinical training of students 
enrolled in an approved nursing or allied health education program that 
is not operated by the provider, are paid on a reasonable cost basis if 
the conditions specified in paragraph (g)(2) of this section are met.
    (2) Criteria for identification of nonprovider-operated education 
programs. Payment for the incurred costs of educational activities 
identified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section will be made if the 
following conditions are met:
    (i) The clinical training must occur on the premises of the 
provider, that is, in the hospital itself or in the physical area 
immediately adjacent to the provider's main buildings, or in other areas 
and structures that are not strictly contiguous to the main buildings 
but are located within 250 yards of the main buildings.
    (ii) The provider must have claimed and been paid for clinical 
training costs on a reasonable cost basis during the most recent cost 
reporting period that ended on or before October 1, 1989. This condition 
is met if a notice of program reimbursement (NPR) was issued for that 
cost reporting period by November 5, 1990, and the clinical training 
costs were included as pass-through costs. If an NPR was not issued by 
that date, or an NPR was issued but did not treat the clinical training 
costs as pass-through costs, the condition is met if--
    (A) The intermediary included the clinical training costs in the 
allowable costs used to determine the interim rate for the most recent 
cost reporting period ending on or before October 1, 1989; or
    (B) The provider claimed the clinical training costs as pass-through 
costs when the cost report for the most recent cost reporting period 
ending on or before October 1, 1989, was initially submitted.
    (iii) In any cost reporting period, the percentage of total 
allowable provider cost attributable to allowable clinical training cost 
does not exceed the percentage of total cost for clinical training in 
the provider's most recent cost reporting period ending on or before 
October 1, 1989.
    (iv) The students in the educational program must provide a benefit 
to the provider through the provision of clinical services to patients 
of the provider.
    (v) The clinical training costs must be incurred by the provider or 
by an educational institution related to the provider by common control 
or ownership as defined in Sec. 413.17(b) (``Cost to related 
organizations.'') Costs incurred by a third-party, regardless of its 
relationship to either the provider or the educational institution, are 
not allowed.
    (vi) The costs incurred by a provider does not exceed the costs the 
provider would have incurred if it was the sole operator of the program.
    (3) Special rule: Payment for certain nonprovider-operated programs 
at wholly owned subsidiary educational institutions. (i) Effective for 
portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after October 1, 
2003, a provider that incurs costs for a nursing or allied health 
education program(s) where those program(s) had originally been 
provider-operated according to the criteria at paragraph (f) of this 
section, and then operation of the program(s) was transferred to a 
wholly owned subsidiary educational institution in order to meet 
accreditation standards prior to October 1, 2003, and where the provider 
has continuously incurred the costs of both the classroom and clinical 
training portions of the program(s) at the educational institution, may 
receive reasonable cost payment for such a program(s) according to the 
specifications under paragraphs (g)(3)(ii) and (g)(3)(iii) of this 
section.
    (ii) Payment for the incurred costs of educational activities 
identified in paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this section will be made on a 
reasonable cost basis if a provider, as described in paragraph (g)(3)(i) 
of this section, received Medicare reasonable cost payment for those 
nursing and allied health education program(s) both prior and subsequent 
to the date the provider transferred operation of the program(s) to its 
wholly owned subsidiary educational institution (and ceased to be a 
provider-operated program(s) according to the criteria under paragraph 
(f) of this section).
    (iii) The provider that meets the requirements in paragraphs 
(g)(3)(i) and (g)(3)(ii) of this section will be eligible

[[Page 694]]

to receive payment under this paragraph for: (A) the clinical training 
costs incurred for the program(s) as described in paragraph (g)(3)(i) of 
this section; and (B) classroom costs, but only those costs incurred by 
the provider for the courses that were included in the programs.
    (h) Cost of educational activities treated as normal operating 
costs. The costs of the following educational activities incurred by a 
provider but not operated by that provider are recognized only as normal 
operating costs and paid in accordance with the reimbursement principles 
specified in Part 412 of this subchapter. They include:
    (1) Orientation and on-the-job training.
    (2) Part-time education for bona fide full-time employees at 
properly accredited academic or technical institutions (including other 
providers) devoted to undergraduate or graduate work.
    (3) Educational seminars, workshops, and continuing education 
programs in which the employees or trainees participate that enhance the 
quality of medical care or operating efficiency of the provider and, 
effective October 1, 2003, do not lead to the ability to practice and 
begin employment in a nursing or allied health specialty.
    (4) Maintenance of a medical library.
    (5) Training of a patient or patient's family in the use of medical 
appliances or other treatments.
    (6) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, clinical 
training and classroom instruction of students enrolled in an 
educational program that is not operated by the provider. The following 
are clinical training and classroom instruction costs that are allowable 
as normal operating costs:
    (i) Costs incurred in the clinical training of students, including 
the clinical training or clerkship of undergraduate medical school 
students that takes place in a provider.
    (ii) Classroom instruction costs incurred by a provider that meet 
the following criteria:
    (A) The provider's support does not constitute a redistribution of 
nonprovider costs to the provider. The support must be in addition to 
the costs already being incurred by the nonprovider-operated program. If 
the nonprovider entity reduces its costs due to receiving provider 
support, this reduction constitutes a redistribution of costs from an 
educational institution to a patient care institution and is a 
nonallowable provider cost.
    (B) The provider receives a benefit for the support it furnishes.
    (C) The cost of the provider's support is less than the cost the 
provider would incur were it to operate the program.
    (7) Other activities that do not involve the actual operation of an 
approved educational program.

[66 FR 3374, Jan. 12, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 14342, Mar. 12, 2001; 68 
FR 45471, Aug. 1, 2003; 69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004; 71 FR 48142, Aug. 
18, 2006]



Sec. 413.87  Payments for Medicare+Choice nursing and allied health education 
programs.

    (a) Statutory basis. This section implements section 1886(l) of the 
Act, which provides for additional payments to hospitals that operate 
and receive Medicare reasonable cost reimbursement for approved nursing 
and allied health education programs and the methodology for determining 
the additional payments.
    (b) Scope. This section sets forth the rules for determining an 
additional payment amount to hospitals that receive payments for the 
costs of operating approved nursing or allied health education programs 
under Sec. 413.85.
    (c) Qualifying conditions for payment. (1) For portions of cost 
reporting periods occurring on or after January 1, 2000 and before 
January 1, 2001, a hospital that operates and receives payment for a 
nursing or allied health education program under Sec. 413.85 may 
receive an additional payment amount associated with Medicare+Choice 
utilization. The hospital may receive the additional payment amount, 
which is calculated in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (d) 
of this section, if both of the conditions specified in paragraphs 
(c)(1)(i) and (c)(1)(ii) of this section are met.
    (i) The hospital must have received Medicare reasonable cost payment 
for an approved nursing or allied health education program under Sec. 
413.85 in its cost reporting period(s) ending in the fiscal year that is 
2 years prior to the

[[Page 695]]

current calendar year. (For example, if the current year is calendar 
year 2000, the fiscal year that is 2 years prior to calendar year 2000 
is FY 1998.) For a hospital that first establishes a nursing or allied 
health education program after FY 1998 and receives reasonable cost 
payment for the program as specified under Sec. 413.85 after FY 1998, 
the hospital is eligible to receive an additional payment amount in a 
calendar year that is 2 years after the respective fiscal year so long 
as the hospital also meets the condition under paragraph (c)(1(ii) of 
this section.
    (ii) The hospital must be receiving reasonable cost payment for an 
approved nursing or allied health education program under Sec. 413.85 
in the current calendar year.
    (2) For portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after 
January 1, 2001, in addition to meeting the conditions specified in 
paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (c)(1)(ii) of this section, the hospital must 
have had a Medicare+Choice utilization greater than zero in its cost 
reporting period(s) ending in the fiscal year that is 2 years prior to 
the current calendar year.
    (d) Calculating the additional payment amount for portions of cost 
reporting periods occurring on or after January 1, 2000 and before 
January 1, 2001. For portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or 
after January 1, 2000 and before January 1, 2001, subject to the 
provisions of Sec. 413.76(d)(4) relating to calculating a proportional 
reduction in Medicare+Choice direct GME payments, the additional payment 
amount specified in paragraph (c) of this section is calculated 
according to the following steps:
    (1) Step one. Each calendar year, determine the hospital's total 
nursing and allied health education program payments from its cost 
reporting period(s) ending in the fiscal year that is 2 years prior to 
the current calendar year.
    (2) Step two. Determine the ratio of the hospital's payments from 
step one to the total of all nursing and allied health education program 
payments across all hospitals for all cost reporting periods ending in 
the fiscal year that is 2 years prior to the current calendar year.
    (3) Step three. Multiply the ratio calculated in step two by the 
Medicare+Choice nursing and allied health payment ``pool'' determined in 
accordance with paragraph (f) of this section for the current calendar 
year. The resulting product is each respective hospital's additional 
payment amount.
    (e) Calculating the additional payment amount for portions of cost 
reporting periods occurring on or after January 1, 2001. For portions of 
cost reporting periods occurring on or after January 1, 2001, subject to 
the provisions of Sec. 413.76(d) relating to calculating a proportional 
reduction in Medicare+Choice direct GME payments, the additional payment 
amount specified in paragraph (c) of this section is calculated 
according to the following steps:
    (1) Step one. Each calendar year, determine for each eligible 
hospital the total--
    (i) Medicare payments received for approved nursing or allied health 
education programs based on data from the settled cost reports for the 
period(s) ending in the fiscal year that is 2 years prior to the current 
calendar year; and
    (ii) Inpatient days for that same cost reporting period.
    (iii) Medicare+Choice inpatient days for that same cost reporting 
period.
    (2) Step two. Using the data from step one, determine the ratio of 
the individual hospital's total nursing or allied health payments, to 
its total inpatient days. Multiply this ratio by the hospital's total 
Medicare+Choice inpatient days.
    (3) Step three. CMS will determine, using the best available data, 
for all eligible hospitals the total of all--
    (i) Nursing and allied health education program payments made to all 
hospitals for all cost reporting periods ending in the fiscal year that 
is 2 years prior to the current calendar year;
    (ii) Inpatient days from those same cost reporting periods; and
    (iii) Medicare+Choice inpatient days for those same cost reporting 
periods.
    (4) Step four. Using the data from step three, CMS will determine 
the ratio of the total of all nursing and allied health education 
program payments

[[Page 696]]

made to all hospitals for all cost reporting periods ending in the 
fiscal year that is 2 years prior to the current calendar year, to the 
total of all inpatient days from those same cost reporting periods. CMS 
will multiply this ratio by the total of all Medicare+Choice inpatient 
days for those same cost reporting periods.
    (5) Step 5. Calculate the ratio of the product determined in step 
two to the product determined in step four.
    (6) Step 6. Multiply the ratio calculated in step five by the amount 
determined in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section for the 
current calendar year. The resulting product is each respective 
hospital's additional payment amount.
    (f) Calculation of the payment ``pool.''
    (1) Subject to paragraph (f)(3) of this section, each calendar year, 
CMS will calculate a Medicare+Choice nursing and allied health payment 
``pool'' according to the following steps:
    (i) Determine the ratio of projected total Medicare+Choice direct 
GME payments made in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 413.76(c) 
across all hospitals in the current calendar year to projected total 
direct GME payments made across all hospitals in the current calendar 
year.
    (ii) Multiply the ratio calculated in paragraph (f)(1)(i) of this 
section by projected total Medicare nursing and allied health education 
reasonable cost payments made to all hospitals in the current calendar 
year.
    (2) The resulting product of the steps under paragraphs (f)(1)(i) 
and (f)(1)(ii) of this section is the Medicare+Choice nursing and allied 
health payment ``pool'' for the current calendar year.
    (3) The payment pool may not exceed $60 million in any calendar 
year.

[65 FR 47051, Aug. 1, 2000, as amended at 66 FR 32195, June 13, 2001; 69 
FR 49265, Aug. 11, 2004; 70 FR 47489, Aug. 12, 2005]



Sec. 413.88  Incentive payments under plans for voluntary reduction in number 
of medical residents.

    (a) Statutory basis. This section implements section 1886(h)(6) of 
the Act, which establishes a program under which incentive payments may 
be made to qualifying entities that develop and implement approved plans 
to voluntarily reduce the number of residents in medical residency 
training.
    (b) Qualifying entity defined. ``Qualifying entity'' means:
    (1) An individual hospital that is operating one or more approved 
medical residency training programs as defined in Sec. 413.75(b) of 
this chapter; or
    (2) Two or more hospitals that are operating approved medical 
residency training programs as defined in Sec. 413.75(b) of this 
chapter and that submit a residency reduction application as a single 
entity.
    (c) Conditions for payments. (1) A qualifying entity must submit an 
application for a voluntary residency reduction plan that meets the 
requirements and conditions of this section in order to receive 
incentive payments for reducing the number of residents in its medical 
residency training programs.
    (2) The incentive payments will be determined as specified under 
paragraph (g) of this section.
    (d) Requirements for voluntary plans. In order for a qualifying 
entity to receive incentive payments under a voluntary residency 
reduction plan, the qualifying entity must submit an application that 
contains the following information, documents, and agreements--
    (1) A description of the operation of a plan for reducing the full-
time equivalent (FTE) residents in its approved medical residency 
training programs, consistent with the percentage reduction requirements 
specified in paragraphs (g)(2) and (g)(3) of this section;
    (2) An election of the period of residency training years during 
which the reductions will occur. The reductions must be fully 
implemented by not later than the fifth residency training year in which 
the plan is effective;
    (3) FTE counts for the base number of residents, as defined in 
paragraph (g)(1) of this section, with a breakdown of the number of 
primary care residents compared to the total number of residents; and 
the direct and indirect FTE counts of the entity on June 30, 1997. For 
joint applicants, these counts must be provided individually and 
collectively;
    (4) Data on the annual and cumulative targets for reducing the 
number of FTE residents and the ratios of the

[[Page 697]]

number of primary care residents to the total number of residents for 
the base year and for each year in the 5-year reduction period. For 
joint applicants, these data must be provided individually and 
collectively;
    (5) An agreement to not reduce the proportion of its primary care 
residents to its total number of residents below the proportion that 
exists in the base year, as specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this 
section;
    (6) An agreement to comply with data submission requirements deemed 
necessary by CMS to make annual incentive payments during the 5-year 
residency reduction plan, and to fully cooperate with additional audit 
and monitoring activities deemed necessary by CMS;
    (7) For a qualifying entity that is a member of an affiliated group 
as defined in Sec. 413.75(b), a statement that all members of the group 
agree to an aggregate FTE cap that reflects--
    (i) The reduction in the qualifying entity's FTE count as specified 
in the plan during each year of the plan; and
    (ii) The 1996 FTE count of the other hospital(s) in the affiliated 
group.
    (8) A statement indicating voluntary participation in the plan under 
the terms of this section, signed by each hospital that is part of the 
applying entity.
    (e) Deadline for applications. A qualifying entity must submit an 
application that meets the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section 
at least one day prior to the first day of the period to which the plan 
would be effective but no later than November 1, 1999. The application 
must be submitted to the fiscal intermediary, with a copy to CMS.
    (f) Effective dates of plans. Residency reduction plans that are 
submitted to the fiscal intermediary on or after September 17, 1999 but 
on or before November 1, 1999, may be effective for portions of cost 
reporting periods beginning no earlier than the day after the date of 
the application.
    (g) Residency reduction requirements--(1) Base number of residents 
defined. (i) ``Base number of residents'' means the lesser of--
    (A) The number of FTE residents in all approved medical residency 
training programs of the qualifying entity (before application of 
weighting factors under Sec. 413.79) for the most recent residency 
training year ending June 30, 1996; or
    (B) The number of FTE residents in all approved medical residency 
training programs of the qualifying entity (before application of 
weighting factors under Sec. 413.79) for any subsequent residency 
training year that ends before the date the entity submits its plan to 
the fiscal intermediary and CMS.
    (ii) The residency training year used to determine the base number 
of residents is the ``base year'' for determining reduction 
requirements.
    (iii) The qualifying entity's base number of residents may not be 
adjusted to reflect adjustments that may otherwise be made to the 
entity's FTE caps for new medical residency training programs.
    (2) Qualifying entity consisting of individual hospital. The base 
number of FTE residents in all the approved medical residency training 
programs operated by or through a qualifying entity consisting of an 
individual hospital must be reduced as follows:
    (i) If the base number of residents exceeds 750, residents, by at 
least 20 percent of the base number.
    (ii) If the base number of residents exceeds 600 but is less than or 
equal to 750 residents--
    (A) By 150 residents; or
    (B) By 20 percent, if the qualifying entity increases the number of 
primary care residents included in the base number by at least 20 
percent.
    (iii) If the base number of residents is 600 or less residents--
    (A) By 25 percent; or
    (B) By 20 percent, if the qualifying entity increases the number of 
primary care residents included in the base number of residents by at 
least 20 percent.
    (3) Qualifying entity consisting of two or more hospitals. The base 
number of FTE residents in the aggregate for all the approved medical 
residency training programs operated by or through a qualifying entity 
consisting of two or more hospitals must be reduced--
    (i) By 25 percent; or
    (ii) By 20 percent, if the qualifying entity increases the number of 
primary

[[Page 698]]

care residents included in the base number of residents by at least 20 
percent.
    (4) Treatment of rotating residents. A qualifying entity will not be 
eligible for incentive payments for a reduction in the base number of 
residents if the reduction is a result of the entity rotating residents 
to another hospital that is not a part of its voluntary residency 
reduction plan.
    (5) Updates to annual and cumulative targets (i) Except as provided 
in paragraph (g)(5)(ii) of this section an entity with an approved 
voluntary residency reduction plan may not change the annual and 
cumulative reduction targets that are specified in its plan in 
accordance with paragraphs (g)(2) and (g)(3) of this section.
    (ii) An entity may update annual reduction targets specified in its 
plan only if--
    (A) It has failed to meet a specified annual target for a plan year 
in the 5-year period; and
    (B) It wishes to adjust future annual targets for the remaining 
years of the plan in order to comply with its cumulative target.
    (iii) An updated plan allowed under paragraph (g)(5)(ii) of this 
section must be submitted prior to the beginning of each July 1 medical 
residency training year during the plan years.
    (h) Computation of incentive payment amount. (1) Incentive payments 
to qualifying entities that meets the requirements and conditions of 
paragraphs (d) and (g) of this section will be computed as follows:
    (i) Step 1. Determine the amount (if any) by which the payment 
amount that would have been made under Sec. 413.76 if there had been a 
5-percent reduction in the number of FTE residents in the approved 
medical education training programs of the hospital as of June 30, 1997, 
exceeds the amount of payment that would have been made under Sec. 
413.76 in each year under the voluntary residency reduction plan, taking 
into account the reduction in the number of FTE residents under the 
plan.
    (ii) Step 2. Determine the amount (if any) by which the payment 
amount that would have been made under Sec. 412.105 of this chapter if 
there had been a 5-percent reduction in the number of FTE residents in 
the approved medical education training programs of the hospital as of 
June 30, 1997, exceeds the payment amount made under Sec. 412.105 of 
this chapter in each year under the voluntary residency reduction plan, 
taking into account the actual reduction in the number of FTE residents.
    (iii) Step 3. Determine the amount (if any) by which the payment 
amount that would have been made under Sec. 412.322 of this chapter if 
there had been a 5-percent reduction in the number of FTE residents in 
the approved medical education training programs of the hospital as of 
June 30, 1997, exceeds the payment amount made under Sec. 412.322 of 
this chapter in each year under the voluntary residency reduction plan, 
taking into account the actual reduction in the number of FTE residents.
    (iv) Step 4. Multiply the sum of the amounts determined under 
paragraph (h)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this section by the applicable hold 
harmless percentages specified in paragraph (i) of this section.
    (2) The determination of the amounts under paragraph (h)(1) of this 
section for any year is based on the applicable Medicare statutory 
provisions in effect on the application deadline date for the voluntary 
reduction plan specified under paragraph (e) of this section.
    (i) Applicable hold-harmless percentage. The applicable hold-
harmless percentages for each year in which the residency reduction plan 
is in effect are as follows:
    (1) 100 percent for the first and second residency training years;
    (2) 75 percent for the third year;
    (3) 50 percent for the fourth year; and
    (4) 25 percent for the fifth year.
    (j) Payments to qualifying entities. Annual incentive payments 
through cost reports will be made to each hospital that is or is part of 
a qualifying entity over the 5-year reduction period if the qualifying 
entity meets the annual and cumulative reduction targets specified in 
its voluntary reduction plan.
    (k) Penalty for noncompliance--(1) Nonpayment. No incentive payment 
may be made to a qualifying entity for

[[Page 699]]

a residency training year if the qualifying entity has failed to reduce 
the number of FTE residents according to its voluntary residency 
reduction plan.
    (2) Repayment of incentive amounts. The qualifying entity is liable 
for repayment of the total amount of incentive payments it has received 
if the qualifying entity--
    (i) Fails to reduce the base number of residents by the percentages 
specified in paragraphs (g)(2) and (g)(3) of this section by the end of 
the fifth residency training year; or
    (ii) Increases the number of FTE residents above the number of 
residents permitted under the voluntary residency reduction plan as of 
the completion date of the plan.
    (l) Postplan determination of FTE caps for qualifying entities--(1) 
No penalty imposed. Upon completion of a voluntary residency reduction 
plan, if no penalty is imposed, the qualifying entity's 1996 FTE count 
is permanently adjusted to equal the unweighted FTE count used for 
direct GME payments for the last residency training year in which a 
qualifying entity participates.
    (2) Penalty imposed. Upon completion of the voluntary residency 
reduction plan--
    (i) During repayment period. If a penalty is imposed under paragraph 
(k)(2) of this section, during the period of repayment, the qualifying 
entity's FTE count is as specified in paragraph (l)(1) of this section.
    (ii) After repayment period. Once the penalty repayment is 
completed, the qualifying entity's FTE reverts back to its original 1996 
FTE cap.

[64 FR 44855, Aug. 18, 1999, as amended at 69 FR 49265, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.89  Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances.

    (a) Principle. Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances are 
deductions from revenue and are not to be included in allowable cost. 
However, subject to the limitations described under paragraph (h) of 
this section and the exception for anesthetists' services described 
under paragraph (i) of this section, bad debts attributable to the 
deductibles and coinsurance amounts are reimbursable under the program.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Bad debts. Bad debts are amounts considered to 
be uncollectible from accounts and notes receivable that were created or 
acquired in providing services. ``Accounts receivable'' and ``notes 
receivable'' are designations for claims arising from the furnishing of 
services, and are collectible in money in the relatively near future.
    (2) Charity allowances. Charity allowances are reductions in charges 
made by the provider of services because of the indigence or medical 
indigence of the patient. Cost of free care (uncompensated services) 
furnished under a Hill-Burton obligation are considered as charity 
allowances.
    (3) Courtesy allowances. Courtesy allowances indicate a reduction in 
charges in the form of an allowance to physicians, clergy, members of 
religious orders, and others as approved by the governing body of the 
provider, for services received from the provider. Employee fringe 
benefits, such as hospitalization and personnel health programs, are not 
considered to be courtesy allowances.
    (c) Normal accounting treatment: Reduction in revenue. Bad debts, 
charity, and courtesy allowances represent reductions in revenue. The 
failure to collect charges for services furnished does not add to the 
cost of providing the services. Such costs have already been incurred in 
the production of the services.
    (d) Requirements for Medicare. Under Medicare, costs of covered 
services furnished beneficiaries are not to be borne by individuals not 
covered by the Medicare program, and conversely, costs of services 
provided for other than beneficiaries are not to be borne by the 
Medicare program. Uncollected revenue related to services furnished to 
beneficiaries of the program generally means the provider has not 
recovered the cost of services covered by that revenue. The failure of 
beneficiaries to pay the deductible and coinsurance amounts could result 
in the related costs of covered services being borne by other than 
Medicare beneficiaries. To assure that such covered service costs are 
not borne by others, the costs attributable to the deductible and 
coinsurance amounts that remain unpaid

[[Page 700]]

are added to the Medicare share of allowable costs. Bad debts arising 
from other sources are not allowable costs.
    (e) Criteria for allowable bad debt. A bad debt must meet the 
following criteria to be allowable:
    (1) The debt must be related to covered services and derived from 
deductible and coinsurance amounts.
    (2) The provider must be able to establish that reasonable 
collection efforts were made.
    (3) The debt was actually uncollectible when claimed as worthless.
    (4) Sound business judgment established that there was no likelihood 
of recovery at any time in the future.
    (f) Charging of bad debts and bad debt recoveries. The amounts 
uncollectible from specific beneficiaries are to be charged off as bad 
debts in the accounting period in which the accounts are deemed to be 
worthless. In some cases an amount previously written off as a bad debt 
and allocated to the program may be recovered in a subsequent accounting 
period; in such cases the income therefrom must be used to reduce the 
cost of beneficiary services for the period in which the collection is 
made.
    (g) Charity allowances. Charity allowances have no relationship to 
beneficiaries of the Medicare program and are not allowable costs. These 
charity allowances include the costs of uncompensated services furnished 
under a Hill-Burton obligation. (Note: In accordance with section 106(b) 
of Pub. L. 97-248 (enacted September 3, 1982), this sentence is 
effective with respect to any costs incurred under Medicare except that 
it does not apply to costs which have been allowed prior to September 3, 
1982, pursuant to a final court order affirmed by a United States Court 
of Appeals.) The cost to the provider of employee fringe-benefit 
programs is an allowable element of reimbursement.
    (h) Limitations on bad debts. (1) Hospitals. In determining 
reasonable costs for hospitals, the amount of bad debt otherwise treated 
as allowable costs (as defined in paragraph (e) of this section) is 
reduced--
    (i) For cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 1998, by 
25 percent;
    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 1999, 
by 40 percent;
    (iii) For cost reporting periods beginning during fiscal year 2000, 
by 45 percent; and
    (iv) For cost reporting periods beginning during a subsequent fiscal 
year, by 30 percent.
    (2) Skilled nursing facilities. For cost reporting periods beginning 
during fiscal year 2006 or during a subsequent fiscal year, the amount 
of skilled nursing facility bad debts for coinsurance otherwise treated 
as allowable costs (as defined in paragraph (e) of this section) for 
services furnished to a patient who is not a dual eligible individual is 
reduced by 30 percent. A dual eligible individual is defined for this 
section as an individual that is entitled to benefits under Part A of 
Medicare and is determined eligible by the State for medical assistance 
under Title XIX of the Act as described under paragraph (2) of the 
definition of a ``full-benefit dual eligible individual'' at Sec. 
423.772 of this chapter.
    (i) Exception. Bad debts arising from services for anesthetists paid 
under a fee schedule are not reimbursable under the program.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 57 FR 33898, July 31, 1992; 
60 FR 63189, Dec. 8, 1995; 63 FR 41005, July 31, 1998; 66 FR 32195, June 
13, 2001. Redesignated at 69 FR 49254, Aug. 11, 2004, and amended at 71 
FR 48142, Aug. 18, 2006]



Sec. 413.90  Research costs.

    (a) Principle. Costs incurred for research purposes, over and above 
usual patient care, are not includable as allowable costs.
    (b) Application. (1) There are numerous sources of financing for 
health-related research activities. Funds for this purpose are provided 
under many Federal programs and by other tax-supported agencies. Also, 
many foundations, voluntary health agencies, and other private 
organizations, as well as individuals, sponsor or contribute to the 
support of medical and related research. Funds available from such 
sources are generally ample to meet basic medical and hospital research 
needs. A further consideration is that quality review should be assured 
as a

[[Page 701]]

condition of governmental support for research. Provisions for such 
review would introduce special difficulties in the Medicare programs.
    (2) If research is conducted in conjunction with, and as a part of, 
the care of patients, the costs of usual patient care and studies, 
analyses, surveys, and related activities to serve the provider's 
administrative and program needs are allowable costs in the 
determination of payment under Medicare.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 61 FR 63748, Dec. 2, 1996]



Sec. 413.92  Costs of surety bonds.

    Costs incurred by a provider to obtain a surety bond required by 
part 489, subpart F of this chapter are not included as allowable costs.

[63 FR 310, Jan. 5, 1998]



Sec. 413.94  Value of services of nonpaid workers.

    (a) Principle. The value of services in positions customarily held 
by full-time employees performed on a regular, scheduled basis by 
individuals as nonpaid members of organizations under arrangements 
between such organizations and a provider for the performance of such 
services without direct remuneration from the provider to such 
individuals is allowable as an operating expense for the determination 
of allowable cost subject to the limitation contained in paragraph (b) 
of this section. The amounts allowed are not to exceed those paid others 
for similar work. Such amounts must be identifiable in the records of 
the institutions as a legal obligation for operating expenses.
    (b) Limitations: Services of nonpaid workers. The services must be 
performed on a regular, scheduled basis in positions customarily held by 
full-time employees and necessary to enable the provider to carry out 
the functions of normal patient care and operation of the institution. 
The value of services of a type for which providers generally do not 
remunerate individuals performing such services is not allowable as a 
reimbursable cost under the Medicare program. For example, donated 
services of individuals in distributing books and magazines to patients, 
or in serving in a provider canteen or cafeteria or in a provider gift 
shop, would not be reimbursable.
    (c) Application. The following illustrates how a provider would 
determine an amount to be allowed under this principle: The prevailing 
salary for a lay nurse working in Hospital A is $5,000 for the year. The 
lay nurse receives no maintenance or special perquisites. A sister 
working as a nurse engaged in the same activities in the same hospital 
receives maintenance and special perquisites which cost the hospital 
$2,000 and are included in the hospital's allowable operating costs. The 
hospital would then include in its records an additional $3,000 to bring 
the value of the services rendered to $5,000. The amount of $3,000 would 
be allowable if the provider assumes obligation for the expense under a 
written agreement with the sisterhood or other religious order covering 
payment by the provider for the services.



Sec. 413.98  Purchase discounts and allowances, and refunds of expenses.

    (a) Principle. Discounts and allowances received on purchases of 
goods or services are reductions of the costs to which they relate. 
Similarly, refunds of previous expense payments are reductions of the 
related expense.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Discounts. Discounts, in general, are 
reductions granted for the settlement of debts.
    (2) Allowances. Allowances are deductions granted for damage, delay, 
shortage, imperfection, or other causes, excluding discounts and 
returns.
    (3) Refunds. Refunds are amounts paid back or a credit allowed on 
account of an overcollection.
    (c) Normal accounting treatment--Reduction of costs. All discounts, 
allowances, and refunds of expenses are reductions in the cost of goods 
or services purchased and are not income. If they are received in the 
same accounting period in which the purchases were made or expenses were 
incurred, they will reduce the purchases or expenses of that period. 
However, if they are received in a later accounting period, they will 
reduce the comparable purchases or expenses in the period in which they 
are received.

[[Page 702]]

    (d) Application. (1) Purchase discounts have been classified as 
cash, trade, or quantity discounts. Cash discounts are reductions 
granted for the settlement of debts before they are due. Trade discounts 
are reductions from list prices granted to a class of customers before 
consideration of credit terms. Quantity discounts are reductions from 
list prices granted because of the size of individual or aggregate 
purchase transactions. Whatever the classification of purchase 
discounts, like treatment in reducing allowable costs is required. In 
the past, purchase discounts were considered as financial management 
income. However, modern accounting theory holds that income is not 
derived from a purchase but rather from a sale or an exchange and that 
purchase discounts are reductions in the cost of whatever was purchased. 
The true cost of the goods or services is the net amount actually paid 
for them. Treating purchase discounts as income would result in an 
overstatement of costs to the extent of the discount.
    (2) As with discounts, allowances, and rebates received from 
purchases of goods or services, refunds of previous expense payments are 
clearly reductions in costs and must be reflected in the determination 
of allowable costs. This treatment is equitable and is in accord with 
that generally followed by other governmental programs and third-party 
payment organizations paying on the basis of cost.



Sec. 413.100  Special treatment of certain accrued costs.

    (a) Principle. As described in Sec. 413.24(b)(2), under the accrual 
basis of accounting, revenue is reported in the period in which it is 
earned and expenses are reported in the period in which they are 
incurred. In the case of accrued costs described in this section, for 
Medicare payment purposes the costs are allowable in the year in which 
the costs are accrued and claimed for Medicare payment only under the 
conditions set forth in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (b) Definitions--(1) All-inclusive paid days off benefit. An all-
inclusive paid days off benefit replaces other vacation and sick pay 
plans. It is a formal plan under which, based on actual hours worked, 
all employees accrue vested leave or payment in lieu of vested leave for 
any combination of types of leave, such as illness, medical 
appointments, holidays, and vacations.
    (2) Self-insurance. Self-insurance is a means by which a provider 
independently or as part of a group undertakes the risk of protecting 
itself against anticipated liabilities by providing funds in an amount 
equal to anticipated liabilities, rather than by purchasing insurance 
coverage.
    (c) Recognition of accrued costs--(1) General. Although Medicare 
recognizes, in the year of accrual, the accrual of costs for which a 
provider has not actually expended funds during the current cost 
reporting period, for purposes of payment Medicare does not recognize 
the accrual of costs unless the related liabilities are liquidated 
timely.
    (2) Requirements for liquidation of liabilities. For accrued costs 
to be recognized for Medicare payment in the year of the accrual, the 
requirements set forth below must be met with respect to the liquidation 
of related liabilities. If liquidation does not meet these requirements, 
the cost is disallowed, generally in the year of accrual, except as 
specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section.
    (i) A short-term liability. (A) Except as provided in paragraph 
(c)(2)(i)(B) of this section, a short-term liability, including the 
current portion of a long-term liability (for example, mortgage interest 
payments due to be paid in the current year), must be liquidated within 
1 year after the end of the cost reporting period in which the liability 
is incurred.
    (B) If, within the 1-year time limit, the provider furnishes to the 
intermediary sufficient written justification (based upon documented 
evidence) for nonpayment of the liability , the intermediary may grant 
an extension for good cause. The extension may not exceed 3 years beyond 
the end of the cost reporting year in which the liability was incurred.
    (ii) Vacation pay and all-inclusive paid days off. (A) If the 
provider's vacation policy, or its policy for all-inclusive paid days 
off, is consistent for all employees, liquidation of the liability

[[Page 703]]

must be made within the period provided for by that policy.
    (B) If the provider's vacation policy, or its policy for all-
inclusive paid days off, is not consistent for all employees, 
liquidation of the liability must be made within 2 years after the close 
of the cost reporting period in which the liability is accrued.
    (C) If payment is not made within the required time period or if 
benefits are forfeited by the employee, an adjustment to disallow the 
accrued cost is made in the current period (that is, the latest year in 
which payment should have been made or the year in which the benefits 
are forfeited) rather than in the period in which the cost was accrued 
and claimed for Medicare payment. However, an intermediary may choose to 
require the adjustment in the period in which the cost was accrued and 
claimed for Medicare payment if the cost report for that period is open 
or can be reopened as provided in Sec. 405.1885 of this chapter, and if 
the intermediary believes the adjustment is more appropriate in that 
period.
    (iii) Sick pay. (A) If sick leave is vested and funded in a deferred 
compensation plan, liabilities related to the contributions to the fund 
must be liquidated, generally within 1 year after the end of the cost 
reporting period in which the liability is incurred. If, within the 1-
year time limit, the provider furnishes to the intermediary sufficient 
written justification (based upon documented evidence) for nonpayment of 
the liability, the intermediary may grant an extension for good cause. 
The extension may not exceed 3 years beyond the end of the cost 
reporting year in which the liability was incurred. Contributions to the 
deferred compensation plan must be reduced to reflect estimated 
forfeitures. Actual forfeitures above or below estimated forfeitures 
must be used to adjust annual contributions to the fund.
    (B) If the sick leave plan grants employees the nonforfeitable right 
to demand cash payment for unused sick leave at the end of each year, 
sick pay is includable in allowable costs, without funding, in the cost 
reporting period in which it is earned.
    (C) Sick pay paid on any basis other than that specified in 
paragraphs (c)(2)(iii) (A) or (B) of this section can be claimed for 
Medicare payment only on a cash basis for the year in which the benefits 
are paid.
    (iv) Compensation of owners. Accrued liability related to 
compensation of owners other than sole proprietors and partners must be 
liquidated within 75 days after the close of the cost reporting period 
in which the liability occurs.
    (v) Nonpaid workers. Obligations incurred under a legally-
enforceable agreement to remunerate an organization of nonpaid workers 
must be discharged no later than the end of the provider's cost 
reporting period following the period in which the services were 
furnished.
    (vi) FICA and other payroll taxes--(A) General rule. The provider's 
share of FICA and other payroll taxes that the provider becomes 
obligated to remit to governmental agencies is included in allowable 
costs only during the cost reporting period in which payment (upon which 
the payroll taxes are based) is actually made to the employee. For 
example, payroll taxes applicable to vacation benefits are not to be 
accrued in the period in which the vacation benefits themselves are 
accrued but rather are allowable only in the period in which the 
employee takes the vacation.
    (B) Exception. If payment would be made to an employee during a cost 
reporting period but for the fact the regularly scheduled payment date 
is after the end of the period, costs of accrued payroll taxes related 
to the portion of payroll accrued through the end of the period, but 
paid to the employee after the beginning of the new period, are 
allowable costs in the year of accrual, subject to the liquidation 
requirements specified in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section.
    (vii) Deferred compensation. (A) Reasonable provider payments made 
under unfunded deferred compensation plans are included in allowable 
costs only during the cost reporting period in which actual payment is 
made to the participating employee.
    (B) Accrued liability related to contributions to a funded deferred 
compensation plan must be liquidated within 1 year after the end of the 
cost reporting period in which the liability

[[Page 704]]

is incurred. An extension, not to exceed 3 years beyond the end of the 
cost reporting year in which the liability was incurred, may be granted 
by the intermediary for good cause if the provider, within the 1-year 
time limit, furnishes to the intermediary sufficient written 
justification for non-payment of the liability.
    (C) Postretirement benefit plans (including those addressed in 
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 106 (December 1990)) are 
deferred compensation arrangements and thus are subject to the 
provisions of this section regarding deferred compensation and to 
applicable program instructions for determining Medicare payment for 
deferred compensation.
    (viii) Self-insurance. Accrued liability related to contributions to 
a self-insurance program that are systematically made to a funding 
agency and that cover malpractice and comprehensive general liability, 
unemployment compensation, workers' compensation insurance losses, or 
employee health benefits, must be liquidated within 75 days after the 
close of the cost reporting period.

[60 FR 33136, June 27, 1995, as amended at 64 FR 51909, Sept. 27, 1999]



Sec. 413.102  Compensation of owners.

    (a) Principle. A reasonable allowance of compensation for services 
of owners is an allowable cost provided that the services are actually 
performed in a necessary function.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Compensation. Compensation means the total 
benefit received by the owner for the services he furnishes to the 
institution. It includes the following items:
    (i) Salary amounts paid for managerial, administrative, 
professional, and other services.
    (ii) Amounts paid by the institution for the personal benefit of the 
proprietor.
    (iii) The cost of assets and services that the proprietor receives 
from the institution.
    (iv) Deferred compensation.
    (2) Reasonableness. Reasonableness requires that the compensation 
allowance--
    (i) Be such an amount as would ordinarily be paid for comparable 
services by comparable institutions; and
    (ii) Depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case.
    (3) Necessary. Necessary requires that the function be--
    (i) Such that had the owner not furnished the services, the 
institution would have had to employ another person to perform the 
services; and
    (ii) Pertinent to the operation and sound conduct of the 
institution.
    (c) Application. (1) Owners of provider organizations often furnish 
services as managers, administrators, or in other capacities. In such 
cases, it is equitable that reasonable compensation for the services 
furnished to be an allowable cost. To do otherwise would disadvantage 
such owners in comparison with corporate providers or providers 
employing persons to perform similar services.
    (2) Ordinarily, compensation paid to proprietors is a distribution 
of profits. However, if a proprietor furnishes necessary services for 
the institution, the institution is in effect employing his services, 
and a reasonable compensation for these services is an allowable cost. 
In corporate providers, the salaries of owners who are also employees 
are subject to the same requirements of reasonableness. If the services 
are furnished on less than a full-time basis, the allowable compensation 
should reflect an amount proportionate to a full-time basis. 
Reasonableness of compensation may be determined by reference to, or in 
comparison with, compensation paid for comparable services and 
responsibilities in comparable institutions; or it may be determined by 
other appropriate means.



Sec. 413.106  Reasonable cost of physical and other therapy services 
furnished under arrangements.

    (a) Principle. The reasonable cost of the services of physical, 
occupational, speech, and other therapists, and services of other health 
specialists (other than physicians), furnished under arrangements (as 
defined in section 1861(w) of the Act) with a provider of services, a 
clinic, a rehabilitation agency or a public health agency, may not 
exceed an amount equivalent to

[[Page 705]]

the prevailing salary and additional costs that would reasonably have 
been incurred by the provider or other organization had such services 
been performed by such person in an employment relationship, plus the 
cost of other reasonable expenses incurred by such person in furnishing 
services under such an arrangement. However, if the services of a 
therapist are required on a limited part-time basis, or to perform 
intermittent services, payment may be made on the basis of a reasonable 
rate per unit of service, even though this rate may be greater per unit 
of time than salary-related amounts, if the greater payment is, in the 
aggregate, less than the amount that would have been paid had a 
therapist been employed on a full-time or regular part-time salaried 
basis. Pursuant to section 17(a) of Public Law 93-233 (87 Stat. 967), 
the provisions of this section are effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning after March, 1975.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Prevailing salary. The prevailing salary is the 
hourly salary rate based on the 75th percentile of salary ranges paid by 
providers in the geographical area, by type of therapy, to therapists 
working full time in an employment relationship.
    (2) Fringe benefit and expense factor. The standard fringe benefit 
and expense factor is an amount that takes account of fringe benefits, 
such as vacation pay, insurance premiums, pension payments, allowances 
for job-related training, meals, etc., generally received by an employee 
therapist, as well as expenses, such as maintaining an office, 
appropriate insurance, etc., an individual not working as an employee 
might incur in furnishing services under arrangements.
    (3) Adjusted hourly salary equivalency amount. The adjusted hourly 
salary equivalency amount is the prevailing hourly salary rate plus the 
standard fringe benefit and expense factor. This amount is determined on 
a periodic basis for appropriate geographical areas.
    (4) Travel allowance. A standard travel allowance is an amount that 
is recognized, in addition to the adjusted hourly salary equivalency 
amount.
    (5) Limited part-time or intermittent services. Therapy services are 
considered to be on a limited part-time or intermittent basis if the 
provider or other organization furnishing the services under 
arrangements requires the services of a therapist or therapists on an 
average of less than 15 hours per week. This determination is made by 
dividing the total hours of services furnished during the cost reporting 
period by the number of weeks in which the services were furnished in 
the cost reporting period regardless of the number of days in each week 
in which services were performed.
    (6) Guidelines. Guidelines are the amounts published by CMS 
reflecting the application of paragraphs (b) (1) through (4) of this 
section to an individual therapy service and a geographical area. Other 
statistically valid data may be used to establish guidelines for a 
geographical area, provided that the study designs, questionnaires and 
instructions, as well as the resultant survey data for determining the 
guidelines are submitted to and approved in advance by CMS. Such data 
must be arrayed so as to permit the determination of the 75th percentile 
of the range of salaries paid to full-time employee therapists.
    (7) Administrative responsibility. Administrative responsibility is 
the performance of those duties that normally fall within the purview of 
a department head or other supervisor. This term does not apply to 
directing aides or other assistants in furnishing direct patient care.
    (c) Application. (1) Under this provision, CMS will establish 
criteria for use in determining the reasonable cost of physical, 
occupational, speech, and other therapy services and the services of 
other health specialists (other than physicians) furnished by 
individuals under arrangements with a provider of services, a clinic, a 
rehabilitation agency, or public health agency. It is recognized that 
providers have a wide variety of arrangements with such individuals. 
These individuals may be independent practitioners or employees of 
organizations furnishing various health care specialists. This provision 
does not require change in the substance of these arrangements.
    (2) If therapy services are performed under arrangements at a 
provider site

[[Page 706]]

on a full-time or regular part-time basis, the reasonable cost of such 
services may not exceed the amount determined by taking into account the 
total number of hours of services furnished by the therapist, the 
adjusted hourly salary equivalency amount appropriate for the particular 
therapy in the geographical area in which the services are furnished and 
a standard travel allowance.
    (3) If therapy services are performed under arrangements on a 
limited part-time or intermittent basis at the provider site, the 
reasonable cost of such services is evaluated on a reasonable rate per 
unit of service basis, except that payment for these services, in the 
aggregate, during the cost reporting period, may not exceed the amount 
that would be determined to be reasonable under paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section, had a therapist furnished the provider or other organization 
furnishing the services under arrangements 15 hours of service per week 
on a regular part-time basis for the weeks in which services were 
furnished by the non-employee therapist.
    (4) If an HHA furnishes services under arrangements at the patient's 
residence or in other situations in which therapy services are not 
performed at the provider's site, the reasonable cost of such services 
is evaluated as follows:
    (i) Time records available. If time records of HHA visits are 
maintained by the provider, the reasonable cost of such services is 
evaluated on a unit-of-time basis, by taking into account the total 
number of hours of service furnished by the therapist, the adjusted 
hourly salary equivalency amount appropriate for the particular therapy 
in the geographical area in which the services are furnished, and a 
standard travel allowance for each visit. However, if the travel time of 
the therapist is accurately recorded by the therapist, and approved and 
maintained by the provider, the reasonable cost of such services may be 
evaluated, at the option of the provider, by taking into account the 
total number of hours of service furnished by the therapist, including 
travel time, and the adjusted hourly salary equivalency amount 
appropriate for the particular therapy in the geographical area in which 
the services are furnished. This option does not apply to services 
furnished by HHAs under arrangements with providers other than HHAs.
    (ii) No time records available. If time records are unavailable or 
found to be inaccurate, each HHA visit is considered the equivalent of 
one hour of service. In such cases, the reasonable cost of such services 
is determined by taking into account the number of visits made by the 
therapist under arrangements with such agency, the adjusted hourly 
salary equivalency amount appropriate for the particular therapy in the 
geographical area in which the services are furnished, and a standard 
travel allowance.
    (iii) Limited part-time or intermittent services. If under paragraph 
(c)(4) (i) or (ii) of this section, the provider required therapy 
services on an average of less than 15 hours per week, the services are 
considered limited part-time or intermittent services, and the 
reasonable cost of such services is evaluated on a reasonable rate per 
unit of service basis as described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
    (5) If therapy services are performed in situations where 
compensation to a therapist employed by the provider is based, at least 
in part, on a fee-for-service or on a percentage of income (or 
commission), the guidelines will apply. The entire compensation will be 
subject to the guidelines in cases where the nature of the arrangements 
is most like an under ``arrangement'' situation, although technically 
the provider may treat the therapists as employees. The intent of this 
section is to prevent an employment relationship from being used to 
circumvent the guidelines.
    (6) These provisions are applicable to individual therapy services 
or disciplines by means of separate guidelines by geographical area and 
apply to costs incurred after issuance of the guidelines but no earlier 
than the beginning of the provider's cost reporting period described in 
paragraph (a) of this section. Until a guideline is issued for a 
specific therapy or discipline, costs are evaluated so that such costs 
do not exceed what a prudent and cost-conscious buyer would pay for the 
given service.

[[Page 707]]

    (d) Notice of guidelines to be imposed. Prior to the beginning of a 
period to which a guideline will be applied, a notice will be published 
in the Federal Register establishing the guideline amounts to be applied 
to each geographical area by type of therapy.
    (e) Additional allowances. (1) If a therapist supervises other 
therapists or has administrative responsibility for operating a 
provider's therapy department, a reasonable allowance may be added to 
the adjusted hourly salary equivalency amount by the intermediary based 
on its knowledge of the differential between therapy supervisors' and 
therapists' salaries in similar provider settings in the area.
    (2) If a therapist performing services under arrangements furnishes 
equipment and supplies used in furnishing therapy services, the 
guideline amount may be supplemented by the cost of the equipment and 
supplies, provided the cost does not exceed the amount the provider, as 
a prudent and cost-conscious buyer, would have been able to include as 
allowable cost.
    (f) Exceptions. The following exceptions may be granted but only 
upon the provider's demonstration that the conditions indicated are 
present:
    (1) Exception because of unique circumstances or special labor 
market conditions. An exception may be granted under this section by the 
intermediary if a provider demonstrates that the costs for therapy 
services established by the guideline amounts are inappropriate to a 
particular provider because of some unique circumstances or special 
labor market conditions in the area.
    (2) Exception for services furnished by risk-basis HMO providers. 
For special rules concerning services furnished to an HMO's enrollees 
who are Medicare beneficiaries by a provider owned or operated by a 
risk-basis HMO (see Sec. 417.201(b) of this chapter) or related to a 
risk-basis HMO by common ownership or control (see Sec. 417.250(c) of 
this chapter).
    (3) Exception for inpatient hospital services. Effective with cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1983, the costs of 
therapy services furnished under arrangements to a hospital inpatient 
are excepted from the guidelines issued under this section if such costs 
are subject to the provisions of Sec. 413.40 or part 412 of this 
chapter. The intermediary will grant the exception without request from 
the provider.
    (g) Appeals. A request by a provider for a hearing on the 
determination of an intermediary concerning the therapy costs determined 
to be allowable based on the provisions of this section, including a 
determination with respect to an exception under paragraph (f) of this 
section, is made to the intermediary only after submission of its cost 
report and receipt of the notice of amount of program reimbursement 
reflecting such determination, in accordance with the provisions of 
subpart R of part 405 of this chapter.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 63 FR 5139, Jan. 30, 1998]



Sec. 413.114  Payment for posthospital SNF care furnished by a swing-bed 
hospital.

    (a) Purpose and basis. This section implements section 1883 of the 
Act, which provides for payment for posthospital SNF care furnished by 
rural hospitals and CAHs having a swing-bed approval.
    (1) Services furnished in cost reporting periods beginning prior to 
July 1, 2002. Posthospital SNF care furnished in general routine 
inpatient beds in rural hospitals and CAHs is paid in accordance with 
the special rules in paragraph (c) of this section for determining the 
reasonable cost of this care. When furnished by rural and CAH swing-bed 
hospitals approved after March 31, 1988 with more than 49 beds (but 
fewer than 100), these services must also meet the additional payment 
requirements set forth in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) Services furnished in cost reporting periods beginning on and 
after July 1, 2002. Posthospital SNF care furnished in general routine 
inpatient beds in rural hospitals (other than CAHs) is paid in 
accordance with the provisions of the prospective payment system for 
SNFs described in subpart J of this part, except that for purposes of 
this paragraph, the requirements of Sec. 413.343(a) must be met using 
the specific assessment instrument and data designated by CMS for this 
purpose. Posthospital SNF care furnished in

[[Page 708]]

general routine inpatient beds in CAHs is paid based on reasonable cost 
for cost reporting periods beginning on and after July l, 2002 and 
before January 1, 2004, and is paid based on 101 percent of reasonable 
cost for cost reporting periods beginning on and after January 1, 2004, 
in accordance with the provisions of subparts A through G of this part 
(other than paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section).
    (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section--
    Availability date means with respect to a posthospital SNF care 
patient in a swing-bed hospital, the later of--
    (i) Any date on which a bed is available for the patient in a 
Medicare-participating SNF located within the hospital's geographic 
region;
    (ii) The date that a hospital learns that a bed is available in a 
Medicare-participating SNF; or
    (iii) If the notice is prospective, the date that a bed will become 
available in a Medicare-participating SNF.
    Geographic region means an area that includes the SNFs with which a 
hospital has traditionally arranged transfers and all other SNFs within 
the same proximity to the hospital. In the case of a hospital without 
existing transfer practices upon which to base a determination, the 
geographic region is an area that includes all the SNFs within 50 miles 
(as defined in Sec. 412.92(c)(1) of this chapter) of the hospital 
unless the hospital can demonstrate that the SNFs are inaccessible to 
its patients. In the event of a dispute as to whether an SNF is within a 
hospital's geographic region or the SNF is inaccessible to hospital 
patients, the CMS Regional Office makes a determination.
    Swing-bed hospital means a hospital or CAH participating in Medicare 
that has an approval from CMS to provide posthospital SNF care as 
defined in Sec. 409.20 of this chapter, and meets the requirements 
specified in Sec. 482.66 or Sec. 485.645 of this chapter, 
respectively.
    (c) Special rules for determining the reasonable cost of 
posthospital SNF care furnished in cost reporting periods beginning 
prior to July 1, 2002. The reasonable cost of posthospital SNF care 
furnished by a swing-bed hospital is determined as follows:
    (1) The reasonable cost of routine SNF services is based on the 
average Medicare rate per patient day for routine services provided in 
freestanding SNFs in the region where the swing-bed hospital is located. 
The rates are calculated using the regions as defined in section 
1886(d)(2)(D) of the Social Security Act. The rates are based on the 
most recent year for which settled cost reporting period data are 
available, increased in a compounded manner, using the increase 
applicable to the SNF routine cost limits, up to and including the 
calendar year for which the rates are in effect. If the current Medicare 
swing-bed rate for routine extended care services furnished by a swing-
bed hospital during a calendar year is less than the rate for the prior 
calendar year, payment is made based on the prior calendar year's rate.
    (2) The reasonable cost of ancillary services furnished as 
posthospital SNF care is determined in the same manner as the reasonable 
cost of other ancillary services furnished by the hospital in accordance 
with Sec. 413.55(a)(1).
    (d) Additional requirements--(1) General rule. For services 
furnished in cost reporting periods beginning prior to July 1, 2002, in 
order for Medicare payment to be made to a swing-bed hospital with more 
than 49 beds (but fewer than 100), the following payment requirements 
must be met:
    (i) If there is an available SNF bed in the geographic region, a 
posthospital SNF care patient must be transferred within 5 days 
(excluding weekends and holidays) of the availability date, unless the 
patient's physician certifies within the 5-day period that transfer is 
not medically appropriate.
    (ii) The number of patient days for posthospital SNF care in a cost 
reporting period does not exceed 15 percent of the product of the number 
of days in the period and the average number of licensed beds in the 
hospital in the period. In those States that do not license their 
hospital beds, the hospitals must use the total number of hospital beds 
reported on their most recent Certificate of Need (CON), excluding 
bassinets. If during the cost reporting period, there is an increase or 
decrease in the number of ``licensed'' beds, the number of ``licensed'' 
beds for each

[[Page 709]]

part of the period is to be multiplied by the number of days for which 
that number of ``licensed'' beds was available. After totalling the 
results, compute 15 percent of the total available ``licensed'' bed days 
to determine the payment limitation.
    (2) Payment restrictions. (i) The hospital must not seek payment for 
posthospital SNF care after the end of the 5 day period (excluding 
weekends and holidays) beginning on the availability date of a SNF bed 
unless the patient's physician has certified, within that 5 day period, 
that the transfer of the patient to the SNF was not medically 
appropriate.
    (ii) The hospital must not seek payment for posthospital SNF care in 
a cost reporting period to the extent that they exceed 15 percent of the 
product of the number of days in the period and the average number of 
licensed beds in the period. In those States that do not license 
hospital beds, the hospital must use the average number of hospital beds 
reported on its most recent CON, excluding bassinets.
    (3) Payment exception. Payment will continue to be made during the 
cost reporting period in which the 15 percent limit specified in 
paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section is reached for those patients who 
are receiving posthospital SNF care at the time the hospital reaches the 
limit.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 54 FR 37274, Sept. 7, 1989; 
56 FR 54545, Oct. 22, 1991; 58 FR 30671, May 26, 1993; 61 FR 51616, Oct. 
3, 1996; 62 FR 46037, Aug. 29, 1997; 66 FR 39600, July 31, 2001; 69 FR 
49265, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.118  Payment for facility services related to covered ASC surgical 
procedures performed in hospitals on an outpatient basis.

    (a) Basis and scope. This section implements section 1833(a)(4) and 
(i)(3) of the Act and establishes the method for determining Medicare 
payments for services related to covered ambulatory surgical center 
(ASC) procedures performed in a hospital on an outpatient basis. It does 
not apply to services furnished by an ASC operated by a hospital that 
has an agreement with CMS to be paid in accordance with Sec. 416.30 of 
this chapter. (For regulations governing ASCs see part 416 of this 
chapter.)
    (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section--
    Facility services are those items and services, as specified in 
Sec. 416.61 of this chapter, that are furnished by a hospital on an 
outpatient basis in connection with covered ASC surgical procedures, as 
described in Sec. 416.65 of this chapter.
    Standard overhead amount means an amount equal to the prospectively 
determined payment rate that would be paid for the procedure if it had 
been furnished by an ASC in the same geographic area.
    (c) Payment principle. The aggregate amount of payments for facility 
services, furnished in a hospital on an outpatient basis, that are 
related to covered ASC surgical procedures (covered under Sec. 416.65 
of this chapter) is equal to the lesser of--
    (1) The hospital's reasonable cost or customary charges, as 
determined in accordance with Sec. 413.13, reduced by deductibles and 
coinsurance; or
    (2) The blended payment amount as described in paragraph (d) of this 
section, which is based on hospital-specific cost and charge data and 
rates paid to free-standing ASCs.
    (d) Blended payment amount. (1) For cost reporting periods beginning 
on or after October 1, 1987 but before October 1, 1988, the blended 
payment amount is equal to the sum of--
    (i) 75 percent of the hospital-specific amount (the lesser of the 
hospital's reasonable cost or customary charges, reduced by deductibles 
and coinsurance); and
    (ii) 25 percent of the ASC payment amount (that is, 80 percent of 
the result obtained by subtracting the deductibles from the sum of the 
standard overhead amounts.)
    (2) For the period of time beginning with the first day of a 
hospital's cost reporting period that begins on or after October 1, 1988 
and ends on December 31, 1990, the blended payment amount is equal to 50 
percent of the hospital-specific amount and 50 percent of the ASC 
payment amount.
    (3) For portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 1991, the blended payment amount is

[[Page 710]]

equal to 42 percent of the hospital-specific amount and 58 percent of 
the ASC payment amount.
    (4) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1988 
and before January 1, 1995, the blended payment amount is equal to the 
sum of 75 percent of the hospital-specific amount and 25 percent of the 
ASC payment amount for a hospital that makes an application to its 
fiscal intermediary and meets the following requirements.
    (i) More than 60 percent of the hospital's inpatient hospital 
discharges, as described in Sec. 412.60 of this chapter, occurring 
during its cost reporting period beginning on or after October 1, 1986 
and before October 1, 1987, are classified in diagnosis related groups 
36 through 74.
    (ii) During its cost reporting period beginning on or after October 
1, 1986 and before October 1, 1987, more than 30 percent of the 
hospital's total revenues is derived from outpatient services.
    (5) For portions of cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1997, for purposes of calculating the blended payment amount 
under paragraph (d)(4) of this section, the ASC payment amount is the 
sum of the standard overhead amounts reduced by deductibles and 
coinsurance as defined in section 1866(a)(2)(ii) of the Act.
    (e) Aggregation of cost, charges, and the blended amount. For 
purposes of determining the correct payment amount under paragraphs (c) 
and (d) of this section, all reasonable costs and customary charges 
attributable to facility services furnished during a cost reporting 
period are aggregated and treated separately from the reasonable costs 
and customary charges attributable to all other services furnished in 
the hospital.

[52 FR 36773, Oct. 1, 1987; 52 FR 37715, Oct. 8, 1987, as amended at 55 
FR 33699, Aug. 17, 1990; 55 FR 34797, Aug. 24, 1990; 57 FR 36017, Aug. 
12, 1992; 57 FR 45113, Sept. 30, 1992; 65 FR 18541, Apr. 7, 2000]



Sec. 413.122  Payment for hospital outpatient radiology services and other 
diagnostic procedures.

    (a) Basis and purpose. (1) This section implements section 1833(n) 
of the Act and establishes the method for determining Medicare payments 
for radiology services and other diagnostic procedures performed by a 
hospital on an outpatient basis.
    (2) For purposes of this section--
    (i) Radiology services include diagnostic and therapeutic radiology, 
nuclear medicine, CAT scan procedures, magnetic resonance imaging, 
ultrasound and other imaging services; and
    (ii) Other diagnostic procedures are those identified by CMS, and do 
not include diagnostic radiology procedures or diagnostic laboratory 
tests.
    (b) Payment for hospital outpatient radiology services. (1) The 
aggregate payment for hospital outpatient radiology services furnished 
on or after October 1, 1988 is equal to the lesser of the following:
    (i) The hospital's reasonable cost or customary charges, as 
determined in accordance with Sec. 413.13, reduced by the applicable 
Part B annual deductible and coinsurance amounts.
    (ii) The blended payment amount described in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section.
    (2) The blended payment amount for hospital outpatient radiology 
services furnished on or after October 1, 1988, but before October 1, 
1989, is equal to the sum of--
    (i) 65 percent of the hospital-specific amount (the hospital's 
reasonable cost or customary charges, whichever is less, reduced by the 
applicable Part B annual deductible and coinsurance amounts); and
    (ii) 35 percent of a prevailing charge or fee schedule amount that 
is calculated as 80 percent of the amount determined by subtracting the 
applicable Part B annual deductible from 62 percent of the prevailing 
charges (or for services furnished on or after January 1, 1989, the fee 
schedule amount established) for the same services when furnished by 
participating physicians in their offices in the same locality.
    (3) For hospital outpatient radiology services furnished on or after 
October 1, 1989, the blended payment amount is equal to the sum of 50 
percent of the hospital-specific amount and 50 percent of the fee 
schedule amount.
    (4) For hospital outpatient radiology services furnished on or after 
January 1, 1991, the blended payment amount is

[[Page 711]]

equal to the sum of 42 percent of the hospital-specific amount and 58 
percent of the fee schedule amount.
    (5) For hospital outpatient radiology services furnished on or after 
October 1, 1997, the blended payment amount is equal to the sum of--
    (i) 42 percent of the hospital-specific amount; and
    (ii) 58 percent of the fee schedule amount calculated as 62 percent 
of the sum of the fee schedule amounts payable for the same services 
when furnished by participating physicians in their offices in the same 
locality, less deductible and coinsurance as defined in section 
1866(a)(2)(A)(ii) of the Act.
    (c) Payment for other diagnostic procedures. (1) The aggregate 
payment for other diagnostic procedures performed by a hospital on an 
outpatient basis on or after October 1, 1989 is equal to the lesser of 
the following:
    (i) The hospital's reasonable cost or customary charges, as 
determined in accordance with Sec. 414.13, reduced by the applicable 
Part B annual deductible and coinsurance amounts.
    (ii) The blended payment described in paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section.
    (2) The blended payment amount for other diagnostic procedures 
furnished on or after October 1, 1989, but before October 1, 1990, is 
equal to the sum of--
    (i) 65 percent of the hospital-specific amount (the hospital's 
reasonable cost or customary charges, whichever is less, reduced by the 
applicable Part B annual deductible and coinsurance amounts); and
    (ii) 35 percent of a prevailing charge amount that is calculated as 
80 percent of the amount determined by subtracting the applicable Part B 
annual deductible from 42 percent of the prevailing charges for the same 
services furnished by participating physicians in their offices in the 
same locality.
    (3) For other diagnostic procedures performed by a hospital on or 
after October 1, 1990, the blended payment is equal to 50 percent of the 
hospital-specific amount and 50 percent of the prevailing charge amount.
    (4) For other diagnostic services furnished on or after October 1, 
1997, the blended payment amount is equal to the sum of--
    (i) 50 percent of the hospital-specific amount; and
    (ii) 50 percent of the fee schedule amount calculated as 42 percent 
of the sum of the fee schedule amounts payable for the same services 
when furnished by participating physicians in their offices in the same 
locality less deductible and coinsurance as defined in section 
1866(a)(2)(A)(ii) of the Act.

[56 FR 8842, Mar. 1, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 36017, Aug. 12, 1992; 65 
FR 18542, Apr. 7, 2000]



Sec. 413.123  Payment for screening mammography performed by hospitals on an 
outpatient basis.

    (a) Basis and scope. This section implements section 1834(c)(1)(C) 
of the Act and establishes the method for determining Medicare payment 
for screening mammographies performed by hospitals.
    (b) Payment to hospitals for outpatient services. Payment to 
hospitals for screening mammography services performed on an outpatient 
basis is determined in accordance with the technical component billing 
requirements in Sec. 405.534(d) of this chapter.

[55 FR 53522, Dec. 31, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 49834, Sept. 30, 1994]



Sec. 413.124  Reduction to hospital outpatient operating costs.

    (a) Except for sole community hospitals, as defined in Sec. 412.92 
of this chapter, and critical access hospitals, the reasonable costs of 
outpatient hospital services (other than capital-related costs of these 
services) are reduced by 5.8 percent for services furnished during 
portions of cost reporting periods occurring on or after October 1, 1990 
and until the first date that the prospective payment system under part 
419 of this chapter is implemented.
    (b) For purposes of determining the blended payment amounts of 
ambulatory surgical center approved surgical procedures performed in the 
hospital outpatient setting under Sec. 413.118 and hospital outpatient 
radiology services and other diagnostic procedures under Sec. 413.122, 
the reduction is applicable

[[Page 712]]

only to the hospital-specific portion of the blended payment amounts.

[57 FR 36017, Aug. 12, 1992, as amended at 59 FR 26960, May 25, 1994; 62 
FR 46037, Aug. 29, 1997; 65 FR 18542, Apr. 07, 2000]



Sec. 413.125  Payment for home health agency services.

    (a) For additional rules on the allowability of certain costs 
incurred by home health agencies, see Sec. Sec. 409.46 and 409.49(b) of 
this chapter.
    (b) The reasonable cost of outpatient rehabilitation services 
furnished by a home health agency to homebound patients who are not 
entitled to home health benefits may not exceed the amounts payable 
under the physician fee schedule for comparable services effective 
January 1, 1999.

[59 FR 65497, Dec. 20, 1994, as amended at 63 FR 58910, Nov. 2, 1998]



                     Subpart G_Capital-Related Costs



Sec. 413.130  Introduction to capital-related costs.

    (a) General rule. Capital-related costs and an allowance for return 
on equity are limited to the following:
    (1) Net depreciation expense as determined under Sec. Sec. 413.134, 
413.144, and 413.149, adjusted by gains and losses realized from the 
disposal of depreciable assets under Sec. 413.134(f).
    (2) Taxes on land or depreciable assets used for patient care.
    (3) Leases and rentals, including license and royalty fees, for the 
use of depreciable assets or land, as described in paragraph (b) of this 
section.
    (4) The costs of betterments and improvements as described in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (5) The costs of minor equipment that are capitalized, rather than 
expensed, as described in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (6) Insurance expense on depreciable assets, as described in 
paragraph (e) of this section.
    (7) Interest expense as determined under Sec. 413.153, subject to 
the qualifications of paragraph (f) of this section.
    (8) For certain proprietary providers, return on equity capital, as 
determined under Sec. 413.157.
    (9) The capital-related costs of related organizations (as described 
in Sec. 413.17), as determined in accordance with paragraph (g) of this 
section.
    (10) Debt issuance costs, debt discounts, and debt redemption costs, 
if the associated debt was incurred to acquire land or depreciable 
assets used for patient care or to refinance existing debt for which the 
original purpose was to acquire land or depreciable assets used for 
patient care.
    (11) The apportionment of the capital-related costs of jointly owned 
assets among the owners must be on a basis that reflects the relative 
use by each owner, rather than the ownership share or the amount of time 
the asset is located at each owners site.
    (b) Leases and rentals. (1) Subject to the qualifications of 
paragraphs (b) (2), (4), (5), and (8) of this section, leases and 
rentals, including licenses and royalty fees, are includable in capital-
related costs if they relate to the use of assets that would be 
depreciable if the provider owned them outright or they relate to land, 
which is neither depreciable nor amortizable if owned outright. The 
terms ``leases'' and ``rentals of assets'' signify that a provider has 
possession, use, and enjoyment of the assets.
    (2) For sale and leaseback agreements for hospitals and SNFs entered 
into before October 23, 1992 and for sale and leaseback agreements for 
other providers entered into at any time, a provider may include 
incurred rental charges in its capital-related costs, as specified in a 
sale and leaseback agreement with a nonrelated purchaser (including 
shared service organizations not related within the meaning of Sec. 
413.17) involving plant facilities or equipment only if the following 
conditions are met:
    (i) The rental charges are reasonable based on the following--
    (A) Consideration of rental charges of comparable facilities and 
market conditions in the area;
    (B) The type, expected life, condition, and value of the facilities 
or equipment rented; and
    (C) Other provisions of the rental agreements.
    (ii) Adequate alternative facilities or equipment that would serve 
the purpose are not or were not available at lower cost.

[[Page 713]]

    (iii) The leasing was based on economic and technical 
considerations.
    (3) If the conditions of paragraph (b)(2) of this section are not 
met, the amount a provider may include in its capital-related costs as 
rental or lease expense under a sale and leaseback agreement may not 
exceed the amount that the provider would have included in its capital-
related costs had the provider retained legal title to the facilities or 
equipment, such as interest on mortgage, taxes, depreciation, and 
insurance costs.
    (4) For sale and leaseback agreements for hospitals and SNFs entered 
into on or after October 23, 1992, the amount a provider may include in 
its capital-related costs as rental or lease expense may not exceed the 
amount that the provider would have included in its capital-related 
costs had the provider retained legal title to the facilities or 
equipment, such as interest expense on mortgages, taxes, depreciation, 
and insurance costs (the costs of ownership). This limitation applies 
both on an annual basis and over the useful life of the asset.
    (i) If in the early years of the lease, the annual rental or lease 
costs are less than the annual costs of ownership, but in the later 
years of the lease the annual rental or lease costs are more than the 
annual costs of ownership, in the years that the annual rental or lease 
costs are more than the annual costs of ownership, the provider may 
include in capital-related costs annually the actual amount of rental or 
lease costs. The aggregate rental or lease costs included in capital-
related costs may not exceed the aggregate costs of ownership that would 
have been included in capital-related costs over the useful life of the 
asset had the provider retained legal title to the asset.
    (ii) If in the early years of the lease, the annual rental or lease 
costs exceed the annual costs of ownership, but in the later years of 
the lease the annual rental or lease costs are less than the annual 
costs of ownership, the provider may carry forward amounts of rental or 
lease costs that were not included in capital-related costs in the early 
years of the lease due to the costs of ownership limitation, and include 
these amounts in capital-related costs in the years of the lease when 
the annual rental or lease costs are less than the annual costs of 
ownership.
    (iii) In any given year the amount of actual annual rental or lease 
costs plus the amount carried forward to that year may not exceed the 
amount of the costs of ownership for that year.
    (iv) In the aggregate, the amount of rental or lease costs included 
in capital-related costs may not exceed the amount of the costs of 
ownership that the provider could have included in capital-related costs 
had the provider retained legal title to the asset.
    (5) For lease purchase transactions entered into before October 23, 
1992, a lease that meets the following conditions establishes a virtual 
purchase:
    (i) The rental charge exceeds rental charges of comparable 
facilities or equipment in the area.
    (ii) The term of the lease is less than the useful life of the 
facilities or equipment.
    (iii) The provider has the option to renew the lease at a 
significantly reduced rental, or the provider has the right to purchase 
the facilities or equipment at a price that appears to be significantly 
less than what the fair market value of the facilities or equipment 
would be at the time acquisition by the provider is permitted.
    (6)(i) If a lease is a virtual purchase under paragraph (b)(5) of 
this section, the rental charge is includable in capital-related costs 
only to the extent that it does not exceed the amount that the provider 
would have included in capital-related costs if it had legal title to 
the asset (the cost of ownership), such as straight-line depreciation, 
insurance, and interest. A provider may not include in its capital-
related costs accelerated depreciation in this situation.
    (ii) The difference between the amount of rent paid and the amount 
of rent allowed as capital-related costs is considered a deferred charge 
and is capitalized as part of the historical cost of the asset when the 
asset is purchased.
    (iii) If an asset is returned to the owner, instead of being 
purchased, the deferred charge may be included in

[[Page 714]]

capital-related costs in the year the asset is returned.
    (iv) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period 
of time at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase still exists, 
the deferred charge may be included in capital-related costs to the 
extent of increasing the reduced rental to an amount not in excess of 
the cost of ownership.
    (v) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period of 
time at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase no longer 
exists, the deferred charge may be included in the capital-related costs 
to the extent of increasing the reduced rental to a fair rental value.
    (7) Amounts included in lease or rental payments for repair or 
maintenance agreements are excluded from capital-related costs. If no 
amount is identified in the lease or rental agreement for maintenance, 
the entire lease payment is considered a capital-related cost subject to 
the provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (8) For lease purchase transactions entered into on or after October 
23, 1992, a lease that meets any one of the following conditions 
establishes a virtual purchase:
    (i) The lease transfers title of the facilities or equipment to the 
lessee during the lease term.
    (ii) The lease contains a bargain purchase option.
    (iii) The lease term is at least 75 percent of the useful life of 
the facilities or equipment. This provision is not applicable if the 
lease begins in the last 25 percent of the useful life of the facilities 
or equipment.
    (iv) The present value of the minimum lease payments (payments to be 
made during the lease term including bargain purchase option, guaranteed 
residual value, and penalties for failure to renew) equals at least 90 
percent of the fair market value of the leased property. This provision 
is not applicable if the lease begins in the last 25 percent of the 
useful life of the facilities or equipment. Present value is computed 
using the lessee's incremental borrowing rate, unless the interest rate 
implicit in the lease is known and is less than the lessee's incremental 
borrowing rate, in which case the interest rate implicit in the lease is 
used.
    (9)(i) If a lease establishes a virtual purchase under paragraph 
(b)(8) of this section, the rental charge is includable in capital-
related costs to the extent that it does not exceed the amount that the 
provider would have included in capital-related costs if it had legal 
title to the asset (the cost of ownership). The cost of ownership 
includes straight-line depreciation, insurance, and interest. For 
purposes of computing the limitation on allowable rental cost in this 
paragraph, a provider may not include accelerated depreciation.
    (ii) The difference between the amount of rent paid and the amount 
of rent allowed as capital-related costs is considered a deferred charge 
and is capitalized as part of the historical cost of the asset when the 
asset is purchased.
    (iii) If an asset is returned to the owner instead of being 
purchased, the deferred charge may be included in capital-related costs 
in the year the asset is returned.
    (iv) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period 
of time at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase still exists, 
the deferred charge may be included in capital-related costs to the 
extent of increasing the reduced rental to an amount not in excess of 
the cost of ownership.
    (v) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period of 
time at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase no longer 
exists, the deferred charge may be included in capital-related costs to 
the extent of increasing the reduced rental to a fair rental value.
    (vi) If the lessee becomes the owner of the leased asset (either by 
operation of the lease or by other means), the amount considered as 
depreciation, for the purpose of having computed the limitation on 
rental charges in paragraph (b)(9)(i) of this section, must be used in 
calculating the limitation on adjustments for the purpose of determining 
any gain or loss under Sec. 413.134(f) upon disposal of an asset.
    (c) Betterments and improvements. (1) Betterments and improvements 
are changes which extend the estimated

[[Page 715]]

useful life of an asset at least two years beyond its original estimated 
useful life, or increase the productivity of an asset significantly over 
its original productivity.
    (2) A provider must capitalize and prorate the costs of betterments 
and improvements over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset, 
as modified by the betterment or improvement.
    (d) Minor equipment. A provider must include in its capital-related 
costs the costs of minor equipment that are capitalized rather than 
charged off to expense if--
    (1) The net book value of minor equipment at the time the provider 
enters the program is prorated over three years (that is, one-third of 
the net book value is written off each year), and new purchases are also 
prorated over a 3-year period; or
    (2) The cost of minor equipment is prorated over their actual useful 
lives.
    (e) Insurance. (1) A provider must include in its capital-related 
costs the costs of insurance on depreciable assets used for patient care 
or insurance that provides for the payment of capital-related costs 
during business interruption.
    (2) If an insurance policy also provides protection for other than 
the replacement of depreciable assets or to pay capital-related costs in 
the case of business interruption insurance, only that portion of the 
premium related to the replacement of depreciable assets or to pay 
capital-related costs in the case of business interruption insurance is 
includable in capital-related costs.
    (f) Debt premiums and debt discounts. Debt premiums or debt discount 
are applied as adjustments to capital-related costs if the associated 
debt is incurred for acquiring land or depreciable assets used for 
patient care or for refinancing existing debt for which the original 
purpose was to acquire land or depreciable assets used for patient care.
    (g) Interest expense. (1) A provider must include in its capital-
related costs interest expense, as described in Sec. 413.153, if such 
expense is incurred in--
    (i) Acquiring land or depreciable assets (either through purchase or 
lease) used for patient care; or
    (ii) Refinancing existing debt, if the original purpose of the 
refinanced debt was to acquire land or depreciable assets used for 
patient care.
    (2) If investment income offset is required under Sec. 
413.153(b)(2)(iii), only that portion of investment income that bears 
the same relationship to total investment income, as the portion of 
capital-related interest expense bears to total interest expense, is 
offset against capital-related costs.
    (h) Costs of supplying organizations--(1) Supplying organizations 
related to the provider. (i) If the supplying organization is related to 
the provider within the meaning of Sec. 413.17, except as provided in 
paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this section, a provider's capital-related costs 
include the capital-related costs of the supplying organization.
    (ii) If the costs of the services, facilities or supplies being 
furnished exceed the open market price, or if the provisions of Sec. 
413.17(d) apply, no part of the cost to the provider of the services, 
facilities, or supplies are considered capital-related costs, unless the 
services, facilities, or supplies would otherwise be considered capital-
related.
    (2) Supplying organizations not related to the provider. If the 
supplying organization is not related to the provider within the meaning 
of Sec. 413.17, no part of the charge to the provider may be considered 
a capital-related cost (unless the services, facilities, or supplies are 
capital-related in nature) unless--
    (i) The capital-related equipment is leased or rented (as described 
in paragraph (b) of this section) by the provider;
    (ii) The capital-related equipment is located on the provider's 
premises, or is located offsite and is on real estate owned, leased or 
rented by the provider; and
    (iii) The capital-related portion of the charge is separately 
specified in the charge to the provider.
    (i) Costs excluded from capital-related costs. The following costs 
are not capital-related costs. To the extent that they are allowable, 
they must be included in determining each provider's operating costs:
    (1) Costs incurred for the repair or maintenance of equipment or 
facilities.

[[Page 716]]

    (2) Amounts included in rentals or lease payments for repair or 
maintenance agreements.
    (3) Interest expense incurred to borrow working capital (for 
operating expenses).
    (4) General liability insurance or any other form of insurance to 
provide protection other than for the replacement of depreciable assets 
or to pay capital-related costs in the case of business interruption.
    (5) Taxes other than those assessed on the basis of some valuation 
of land or depreciable assets used for patient care. (Taxes not related 
to patient care, such as income taxes, are not allowable, and are 
therefore not included among either capital-related or operating costs.)
    (6) The costs of minor equipment that are charged off to expense 
rather than capitalized as described in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (7) The costs incurred for maintenance and repair insurance 
agreements (commonly referred to as maintenance agreements).
    (j) Reduction to capital-related costs. (1) Except for sole 
community hospitals and critical access hospitals, the amount of 
capital-related costs of all hospital outpatient services is reduced 
by--
    (i) 15 percent for portions of cost reporting periods occurring on 
or after October 1, 1989, through September 30, 1991; and
    (ii) 10 percent for portions of cost reporting periods occurring on 
or after October 1, 1991 and until the first date that the prospective 
payment system under part 419 of this chapter is implemented.
    (2) For purposes of determining the blended payment amounts for 
hospital outpatient services under Sec. 413.118 and Sec. 413.122, the 
reduction is applicable only to the hospital-specific portion of the 
blended amounts.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 52 FR 21225, June 4, 1987; 
56 FR 43456, Aug. 30, 1991; 57 FR 3017, Jan. 27, 1992; 57 FR 36017, Aug. 
12, 1992; 57 FR 43917, Sept. 23, 1992; 58 FR 17528, Apr. 5, 1993; 59 FR 
26960, May 25, 1994; 62 FR 46037, Aug. 29, 1997; 65 FR 18542, Apr. 7, 
2000]



Sec. 413.134  Depreciation: Allowance for depreciation based on asset costs.

    (a) Principle. An appropriate allowance for depreciation on 
buildings and equipment used in the provision of patient care is an 
allowable cost. The depreciation must be--
    (1) Identifiable and recorded in the provider's accounting records;
    (2) Based on the historical cost of the asset, except as specified 
in paragraph (j) of this section regarding donated assets; and
    (3) Prorated over the estimated useful life of the asset using--
    (i) The straight-line method; or
    (ii) Accelerated depreciation under a declining balance method (not 
to exceed double the straight-line rate) or the sum-of-the-years' digits 
method in the following situations:
    (A) Depreciable assets for which accelerated depreciation was used 
for Medicare purposes before August 1, 1970, including those assets for 
which a timely request to change from straight-line depreciation to 
accelerated depreciation was received by an intermediary before August 
1, 1970;
    (B) Depreciable assets acquired before August 1, 1970, if no 
election to use straight-line or accelerated depreciation was in effect 
on August 1, 1970, and the provider was participating in the program on 
August 1, 1970;
    (C) Depreciable assets of a provider if construction of such 
depreciable asset began before February 5, 1970, and the provider was 
participating in the program on February 5, 1970; or
    (D) Depreciable assets of a provider if a valid written contract was 
entered into by a provider participating in the program before February 
5, 1970, for construction, acquisition, or for the permanent financing 
thereof, and such contract was binding on a provider on February 5, 
1970, and at all times thereafter; or
    (iii) A declining balance method, not to exceed 150 percent of the 
straight-line rate, for a depreciable asset acquired after July 31, 
1970; however, this declining balance method may be used only if the 
cash flow from depreciation on the total assets of the institution 
during the reporting period, including straight-line depreciation on the 
assets in question, is insufficient (assuming

[[Page 717]]

funding of available capital not required currently for amortization and 
assuming reasonable interest income on such funds) to supply the funds 
required to meet the reasonable principal amortization schedules on the 
capital debts related to the provider's total depreciable assets. For 
each depreciable asset for which a provider requests authorization to 
use a declining balance method for Medicare reimbursement purposes, but 
not to exceed 150 percent of the straight-line rate, the provider must 
demonstrate to the intermediary's satisfaction that the required cash 
flow need exists. For each depreciable asset in which a provider 
justifies the use of accelerated depreciation, the intermediary must 
give written approval for the use of a depreciation method other than 
straight-line before basing any interim payment on this accelerated 
depreciation or making its reasonable cost determination which includes 
an allowance for such depreciation.
    (b) General rules--(1) Historical cost. Historical cost is the cost 
incurred by the present owner in acquiring the asset.
    (i) All providers--(A) Depreciable assets acquired after July 31, 
1970 and before December 1, 1997. For depreciable assets acquired after 
July 31, 1970 and before December 1, 1997, and for a hospital or an SNF, 
acquired before July 18, 1984, the historical cost may not exceed the 
lower of current reproduction cost adjusted for straight-line 
depreciation over the life of the asset to the time of the purchase or 
the fair market value of the asset at the time of its purchase.
    (B) Depreciable assets acquired on or after December 1, 1997. For 
depreciable assets acquired on or after December 1, 1997, the historical 
cost of the asset that will be recognized under this program must not 
exceed the historical cost less depreciation allowed to the owner of 
record as of August 5, 1997 (or if an asset did not exist as of August 
5, 1997, the first owner of record after August 5, 1997). For this 
paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B), the following apply:
    (1) An asset that was not in existence as of August 5, 1997 includes 
an asset that physically existed but was not owned by a provider 
participating in the Medicare program as of that date.
    (2) The acquisition cost to the owner of record is subject to the 
limitation on historical costs described in paragraphs (g) (1), (2), and 
(3) of this section, and is reduced by any depreciation taken by the 
owner of record. The limitation on historical cost is also applied to 
the purchase of land, which is a capital asset that is neither 
depreciable nor amortizable under any circumstances. (See Sec. Sec. 
413.153(d) and 413.157(b) for application of the limitation to the cost 
of land for purposes of determining the allowable interest expense.)
    (3) Acquisition cost to the owner of record includes the costs of 
betterment or improvements that extend the estimated useful life of an 
asset at least 2 years beyond its original estimated useful life or that 
increase the productivity of an asset significantly over its original 
productivity.
    (4) For assets acquired prior to a provider's entrance into the 
Medicare program, the acquisition cost to the owner of record is the 
historical cost when acquired, rather than when the provider entered the 
program.
    (5) For assets subject to the optional depreciation allowance as 
described in Sec. 413.139, the acquisition cost to the owner of record 
is the historical cost established for those assets when the provider 
changed to actual depreciation as described in Sec. 413.139(e). If the 
provider did not change to actual depreciation, as described in Sec. 
413.139(e), for optional allowance assets, the acquisition cost to the 
owner of record is based on the provider's recorded historical cost of 
the asset when acquired. If the provider has no historical cost records 
for optional allowance assets, the acquisition cost to the owner of 
record is established by appraisal.
    (6) The historical cost of an asset acquired on or after July 18, 
1984 may not include costs attributable to the negotiation or settlement 
of the sale or purchase (by acquisition, merger, or consolidation) of 
any capital asset for which any payment was previously made under the 
Medicare program. The costs to be excluded include, but are not limited 
to, appraisal costs (except those incurred at the request of the 
intermediary under paragraph (f)(2)(iv) of this section), legal fees, 
accounting

[[Page 718]]

and administrative costs, travel costs, and the costs of feasibility 
studies.
    (ii) Hospitals and SNFs only. (A) For assets acquired on or after 
July 18, 1984 and before December 1, 1997 and not subject to an 
enforceable agreement entered into before July 18, 1984, historical cost 
may not exceed the lowest of the following:
    (1) The allowable acquisition cost of the asset to the owner of 
record as of July 18, 1984 (or, in the case of an asset not in existence 
as of July 18, 1984, the first owner of record of the asset after that 
date);
    (2) The acquisition cost of the asset to the new owner; or
    (3) The fair market value of the asset on the date of acquisition.
    (B) For purposes of applying paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(A) of this 
section, an asset not in existence as of July 18, 1984 includes any 
asset that physically existed, but was not owned by a hospital or SNF 
participating in the Medicare program as of July 18, 1984.
    (C) The acquisition cost to the owner of record is subject to any 
limitation on historical costs described in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) or 
(g)(1) and (2) of this section, and is not reduced by any depreciation 
taken by the owner of record. This limitation on historical cost is also 
applied to the purchase of land, a capital asset that is neither 
depreciable nor amortizable under any circumstances. (See Sec. Sec. 
413.153(d) and 413.157(b) for application of the limitation to the cost 
of land for purposes of determining allowable interest expense and 
return on equity capital or proprietary providers.)
    (D) Acquisition cost to the owner of record includes the costs of 
betterments or improvements that extend the estimated useful life of an 
asset at least two years beyond its original estimated useful life or 
increase the productivity of an asset significantly over its original 
productivity.
    (E) For assets acquired prior to a hospital's or SNF's entrance into 
the Medicare program, the acquisition cost to the owner of record is the 
historical cost of the asset when acquired, rather than when the 
hospital or SNF entered the program.
    (F) For assets subject to the optional depreciation allowance as 
described in Sec. 413.139, the acquisition cost to the owner of record 
is the historical cost established for those assets when the hospital or 
SNF changed to actual depreciation as described in Sec. 413.139(e). If 
the hospital or SNF did not change to actual depreciation, as described 
in Sec. 413.139(e), for optional allowance assets, the acquisition cost 
to the owner of record is established by reference to the hospital's or 
SNF's recorded historical cost of the asset when acquired. If the 
hospital or SNF has no historical cost records for optional allowance 
assets, the acquisition cost to the owner of record is established by 
appraisal.
    (G) The historical cost of an asset acquired on or after July 18, 
1984 may not include costs attributable to the negotiation or settlement 
of the sale or purchase (by acquisition, merger, or consolidation) of 
any capital asset for which any payment was previously made under the 
Medicare program. The costs to be excluded include, but are not limited 
to, appraisal costs (except those incurred at the request of the 
intermediary under paragraph (f)(2)(iv) of this section), legal fees, 
accounting and administrative costs, travel costs, and the costs of 
feasibility studies.
    (iii) Hospital-based providers other than SNFs and SNF-based 
providers. For changes of ownership that involve assets of a hospital-
based provider other than a SNF, or assets of a SNF-based provider, the 
provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section are not applicable. A 
reasonable allocation of the purchase price must be made, so that the 
hospital-based provider other than a SNF, or a SNF-based provider, is 
not affected by the limitations described in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of 
this section. The historical cost of assets of providers other than 
hospitals and SNFs is governed by paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.
    (2) Fair market value. Fair market value is the price that the asset 
would bring by bona fide bargaining between well-informed buyers and 
sellers at the date of acquisition. Usually the fair market price is the 
price that bona fide sales have been consummated for assets of like 
type, quality, and quantity in a particular market at the time of 
acquisition.

[[Page 719]]

    (3) The straight-line method. Under the straight-line method of 
depreciation, the cost or other basis (for example, fair market value in 
the case of donated assets) of the asset, less its estimated salvage 
value, if any, is determined first. Then this amount is distributed in 
equal amounts over the period of the estimated useful life of the asset.
    (4) Declining balance method. Under the declining balance method, 
the annual depreciation allowance is computed by multiplying the 
undepreciated cost of the asset each year by a uniform rate up to double 
the straight-line rate or 150 percent, as the case may be (see paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section for limitations on use of accelerated methods of 
depreciation).
    (5) Sum-of-the-years' digits method. Under the sum-of-the-years' 
digits method, the annual depreciation allowance is computed by 
multiplying the depreciable cost basis (cost less salvage value) by a 
constantly decreasing fraction. The numerator of the fraction is 
represented by the remaining years of useful life of the asset at the 
beginning of each year, and the denominator is always represented by the 
sum of the years' digits of useful life at the time of acquisition.
    (6) Current reproduction cost. Current reproduction cost is the cost 
at current prices, in a particular locality or market area, of 
reproducing an item of property or a group of assets. Where depreciable 
assets are concerned, this means the reasonable cost to have built, 
reproduce in kind, or, in the case of equipment or similar assets, to 
purchase in the competitive market.
    (7) Useful life. The estimated useful life of a depreciable asset is 
its normal operating or service life to the provider, subject to the 
provisions in paragraph (b)(7)(i) of this section. Factors to be 
considered in determining useful life include normal wear and tear; 
obsolescence due to normal economic and technological changes; climatic 
and other local conditions; and the provider's policy for repairs and 
replacement.
    (i) Initial selection of useful life. In selecting a proper useful 
life for computing depreciation under the Medicare program, providers 
must use the useful life guidelines published by CMS. If CMS has not 
published applicable useful life guidelines, providers must use--
    (A) The edition of the American Hospital Association useful life 
guidelines, as specified in CMS Medicare program manuals; or
    (B) A different useful life specifically requested by the provider 
and approved by the intermediary. A different useful life may be 
approved by the intermediary if the provider's request is properly 
supported by acceptable factors that affect the determination of useful 
life. However, such factors as an expected early sale, retirement, 
demolition or abandonment of an asset, or termination of the provider 
from the Medicare program may not be used.
    (ii) Application of guidelines. The provisions concerning the 
selection of useful life guidelines described in paragraph (b)(7)(i) of 
this section apply to assets acquired on or after January 1, 1981. For 
assets acquired before January 1, 1981, providers must use the useful 
life guidelines published by the American Hospital Association in its 
1973 edition of Chart of Accounts for Hospitals, or those published by 
the Internal Revenue Service, or those approved for use by 
intermediaries as provided in paragraph (b)(7)(i)(B) of this section.
    (iii) Changing useful life. A change in the estimated useful life 
may be made if clear and convincing evidence justifies a redetermination 
of the useful life used by the provider. Such a change must be approved 
by the intermediary in writing, and the factors cited in paragraphs 
(b)(7) and (b)(7)(i) of this section are applicable in making such 
redeterminations of useful life. If the request is approved, the change 
is effective with the reporting period immediately following the period 
in which the provider's request is submitted for approval.
    (8) Donated asset. An asset is considered donated when the provider 
acquires the asset without making payment in the form of cash, new debt, 
assumed debt, property or services. Except as provided in paragraph 
(j)(3) of this section, if a provider makes payment in any form to 
acquire an asset, the payment is considered the purchase

[[Page 720]]

price for the purpose of determining allowable historical cost.
    (9) Net book value. The net book value of an asset is the 
depreciable basis used for the Medicare program by the asset's last 
participating owner less depreciation recognized under the Medicare 
program.
    (c) Recording of depreciation. Appropriate recording of depreciation 
includes the identification of the depreciable assets in use, the 
assets' historical costs, the assets' dates of acquisition, the method 
of depreciation, estimated useful lives, and the assets' accumulated 
depreciation.
    (d) Depreciation methods--(1) General. Proration of the cost of an 
asset over its useful life is allowed on the straight-line method, or, 
when permitted under paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the declining 
balance or the sum-of-the-years' digits methods. One method may be used 
on a single asset or group of assets and another method on others. In 
applying the declining balance or sum-of-the-years' digits method to an 
asset that is not new, the undepreciated cost of the asset is treated as 
the cost of a new asset in computing depreciation.
    (2) Change in method. Prior to August 1, 1970, a provider may change 
from the straight-line method to an accelerated method or vice versa, 
upon advance approval from the intermediary on a prospective basis with 
the request being made before the end of the first month of the 
prospective reporting period. Only one such change with respect to a 
particular asset may be made by a provider. Effective with August 1, 
1970, a provider may only change from an accelerated method or optional 
method (see Sec. 413.139) to the straight-line method. Such a change 
may be made without intermediary approval and the basis for depreciation 
is the undepreciated cost reduced by the salvage value. Thereafter, once 
straight-line depreciation is selected for a particular asset, an 
accelerated method may not be established for that asset.
    (3) Recovery of accelerated depreciation--(i) General. If a provider 
who has used an accelerated method of depreciation for any of its assets 
terminates participation in the program, or if the Medicare proportion 
of its allowable costs decreases so that cumulatively substantially more 
depreciation was paid than would have been paid using the straight-line 
method of depreciation, the excess of reimbursable cost determined by 
using accelerated depreciation methods and paid under the program over 
the reimbursable cost that would have been determined and paid under the 
program by using the straight-line method of depreciation, will be 
recovered as an offset to current reimbursement due or, if the provider 
has terminated participation in the program, as an overpayment. In this 
determination of excess payment, recognition will be given to the 
effects the adjustment to straight-line depreciation would have on the 
return on equity capital and on the allowance in lieu of specific 
recognition of other costs in the respective years.
    (ii) Transaction between related organizations--(A) General. If the 
termination of the provider agreement is due to a change in provider 
ownership, as defined in Sec. 489.18 of this chapter, resulting from a 
transaction between related organizations, as defined in Sec. 413.17, 
and the criteria in paragraph (b) of this section are met, the excess of 
reimbursable cost, as determined in paragraph (d)(3)(i) of this section 
may not be recovered if there is a continuation of participation by the 
facility in the Medicare program.
    (B) Criteria. The following criteria must be met if the recovery of 
excess reimbursable cost is not to be made:
    (1) The termination of the provider agreement is due to a change in 
ownership of the provider resulting from a transaction between related 
organizations.
    (2) The successor provider continues to participate in the Medicare 
program.
    (3) Control and the extent of the financial interest of the owners 
of the provider before and after the termination remain the same; that 
is, the successor owners acquire the same per-centage of control or 
financial investment as the transferors had.
    (4) All assets and liabilities of the terminated provider are 
transferred to the related successor participating provider.

[[Page 721]]

    (C) Effect of transaction. In transactions meeting the criteria 
specified in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(B) of this section, the provision 
concerning recovery of excess reimbursable cost (Sec. 413.134(d)(3)(i)) 
is not applied, and the transaction is treated as follows:
    (1) The successor provider must record the historical cost and 
accumulated depreciation and the method of depreciation recognized under 
the Medicare program, and these are considered as incurred by the 
successor provider for Medicare purposes.
    (2) The Medicare program's utilization of the terminated provider is 
considered as having been incurred by the successor provider for 
Medicare purposes.
    (3) The equity capital of the terminated provider as of the closing 
of its final cost reporting period must be wholly contained in the 
equity capital of the successor provider as of the beginning of its 
first cost reporting period.
    (e) Funding of depreciation. Although funding of depreciation is not 
required, it is strongly recommended that providers use this mechanism 
as a means of conserving funds for replacement of depreciable assets. 
Funded depreciation account funds must be placed in readily marketable 
investments of the type that assures the availability and conservation 
of the funds. Additions to the funded depreciation account must remain 
in the account for at least 6 months to be considered valid funding 
transactions.
    (1) Incentive. As an incentive for funding, investment income on 
funded depreciation is not treated as a reduction of allowable interest 
expense provided such investment income is deposited in, and becomes 
part of, the funded depreciation account at the time of receipt by the 
provider. Investment income earned on deposits before the 6-month period 
elapses are not offset unless the deposits are withdrawn for an improper 
purpose during this period. If a provider transfers assets of the funded 
depreciation account to a related organization (for example, pooling of 
several chain organization providers' funded depreciation accounts at 
the chain home office for investment purposes), these assets shall be 
treated as the provider's funds and are subject to all the requirements 
specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (2) Availability of funded depreciation. (i) CMS considers funded 
depreciation available for use in the acquisition or replacement of 
depreciable assets related to patient care unless the funded 
depreciation funds have been committed by contract for the acquisition 
of depreciable assets related to the furnishing of patient care or for 
other capital purposes related to patient care.
    (ii) Borrowing for a purpose for which funded depreciation account 
funds should have been used makes the borrowing unnecessary to the 
extent that funded depreciation account funds were available at the time 
of the borrowing. Available funds in the funded depreciation account, to 
the extent of the unnecessary borrowing, are called ``tainted'' funds. 
Interest expense incurred on borrowing for a capital purpose is not an 
allowable cost to the extent that funded depreciation account funds were 
available at the time of the borrowing.
    (iii) A provider can remove the ``unnecessary'' characterization of 
borrowing, and thereby cure tainted funded depreciation, by using the 
tainted funds for a proper purpose described in paragraph (e)(3)(i) of 
this section. However, any funded depreciation that existed at the time 
of the unnecessary borrowing and is not classified as tainted must be 
used before any of the tainted funds.
    (iv) When only a portion of the borrowing is considered unnecessary 
under paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section, subsequent repayments of 
such borrowing from general funds are applied first to the allowable 
portion of the borrowing and then, when all of the allowable borrowing 
is repaid, to the unallowable portion of the borrowing. When funds from 
the funded depreciation account are used for the repayment of the 
unnecessary borrowing, an equivalent amount of tainted funds is cured 
without regard to the provisions of paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) and 
(e)(3)(i)(C) of this section. Similarly, where general funds are used to 
pay for the unallowable borrowing after the necessary borrowing has been 
repaid, an equivalent amount of tainted funded depreciation

[[Page 722]]

is cured without regard to the provisions of paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) and 
(e)(3)(i)(C) of this section.
    (3) Withdrawals of funded depreciation--(i) Proper withdrawals. (A) 
Withdrawals from funded depreciation are considered proper if made 
either for the acquisition or replacement of depreciable assets related 
to the furnishing of patient care or for other capital purposes related 
to patient care.
    (B) First-in, first-out basis. Proper withdrawals from funded 
depreciation are made on a first-in, first-out basis.
    (C) Exception. If CMS determines that a borrowing is unnecessary 
because of the existence of available funded depreciation, and 
additional deposits have been made to funded depreciation after the 
occurrence of the unnecessary borrowing, withdrawals made after the date 
of the additional deposits are deemed to be made on a last-in, first-out 
basis.
    (ii) Improper withdrawals. (A) Withdrawals from funded depreciation 
that do not meet the requirements for proper withdrawals under the 
provisions in paragraph (e)(3)(i)(A) of this section are considered 
improper withdrawals.
    (B) Improper withdrawals from funded depreciation are made on a 
last-in, first-out basis. If improper withdrawals are made, interest 
expense is reduced in accordance with section Sec. 413.153(c)(3).
    (C) Improper withdrawals will result in the offset of otherwise 
allowable interest expense under the offset provisions in Sec. 
413.153(c)(3).
    (4) Loans from funded depreciation. (i) When the general fund of the 
provider borrows from the funded depreciation to obtain working capital 
for normal operating expenses to furnish patient care, interest incurred 
by the general fund is an allowable operating cost only if the interest 
expense is supported by documents that evidence that the funds were 
borrowed and that payment of interest and repayment of the funds are 
required, is separately identified in the provider's accounting records, 
and meets the necessary and proper tests described in Sec. Sec. 
413.153(b)(2) and (b)(3). However, if the general fund of the provider 
borrows from the funded depreciation account to acquire depreciable 
assets used in furnishing patient care, or for other capital purposes 
related to patient care, interest expense paid by the general fund to 
the funded depreciation account is not an allowable cost. Providers are 
expected to use the funded depreciation for these purposes.
    (ii) Loans from funded depreciation to the general fund are 
considered investments of funded depreciation, but do not have to meet 
the readily marketable test described in paragraph (e) of this section. 
Loans made from funded depreciation are subject to the requirement that 
funded depreciation must be available for the acquisition of depreciable 
assets used to furnish patient care, or for other capital purposes 
related to patient care. Costs incurred to secure lines of credit from 
lending institutions to ensure such availability are not allowable 
costs.
    (iii) Funding of depreciation from general funds will not be 
recognized to the extent of any outstanding loans from the funded 
depreciation account to the general fund. Deposits from the general fund 
into the funded depreciation account must be first applied to reduce any 
loans outstanding from the funded depreciation to the general fund. When 
the loans are repaid in full, general funds deposited in the funded 
depreciation account are considered as repayments of the general fund. 
Therefore, any subsequent interest expense of the general fund paid to 
the funded depreciation fund is not an allowable cost.
    (iv) A provider may loan its funded depreciation to a related 
organization for any purpose subject to the following conditions:
    (A) Authorization for such a loan by the provider's appropriate 
managing body of the provider, such as Board of Trustees or Board of 
Directors, must be on file.
    (B) The funded depreciation loaned must remain available, as 
specified in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, to the provider making 
the loan. Costs incurred for lines of credit to assure such availability 
are not allowable costs. During the period of time that the loan is 
outstanding, if the provider making the loan resorts to outside 
borrowing

[[Page 723]]

for a purpose for which its funded depreciation should have been used, 
interest expense on an amount of the outside borrowing up to the amount 
of the funded depreciation that should have been available would be 
disallowed as unnecessary.
    (C) Such loans shall be considered investments of the provider's 
funded depreciation, but the requirement that funded depreciation be 
invested in readily marketable investments as required in paragraph (e) 
of this section is waived for such loans.
    (D) The funded depreciation account must earn interest on such loans 
at a rate that does not exceed the rate that would be charged for a 
comparable loan from an independent lending institution. This investment 
income will not be used to reduce the provider's interest expense if all 
the other conditions in paragraph (e) of this section are met. If the 
entity borrowing the funds is another provider participating in the 
Medicare program, the interest expense incurred on such loans would be 
allowable if the loan meets all of the interest expense requirements 
specified in Sec. 413.153. (For purposes of Sec. 413.153(b)(3)(ii), 
such loans are not considered to be with a related lender.)
    (f) Gains and losses on disposal of assets--(1) General. Depreciable 
assets may be disposed of through sale, scrapping, trade-in, exchange, 
demolition, abandonment, condemnation, fire, theft, or other casualty. 
If disposal of a depreciable asset, including the sale or scrapping of 
an asset before December 1, 1997, results in a gain or loss, an 
adjustment is necessary in the provider's allowable cost. (No gain or 
loss is recognized on either the sale or the scrapping of an asset that 
occurs on or after December 1, 1997.) The amount of a gain included in 
the determination of allowable cost is limited to the amount of 
depreciation previously included in Medicare allowable costs. The amount 
of a loss to be included is limited to the undepreciated basis of the 
asset permitted under the program. The treatment of the gain or loss 
depends upon the manner of disposition of the asset, as specified in 
paragraphs (f)(2) through (6) of this section. The gain or loss on the 
disposition of depreciable assets has no retroactive effect on a 
proprietary provider's equity capital for years prior to the year of 
disposition.
    (2) Bona fide sale or scrapping before December 1, 1997. For the 
bona fide sale or scrapping of depreciable assets before December 1, 
1997, the following apply:
    (i) Except as specified in paragraph (f)(3) of this section, gains 
and losses realized from the bona fide sale or scrapping of depreciable 
assets are included in the determination of allowable cost only if the 
sale or scrapping occurs while the provider is participating in 
Medicare. The extent to which such gains and losses are included is 
calculated by prorating the basis for depreciation of the asset in 
accordance with the proportion of the asset's useful life for which the 
provider participated in Medicare. For purposes of this paragraph 
(f)(2)(i), scrapping refers to the physical removal from the provider's 
premises of tangible personal properties that are no longer useful for 
their intended purpose and are only salable for their scrap or junk 
value.
    (ii) If the total amount of gains or losses realized from bona fide 
sales or scrapping does not exceed $5,000 within the cost reporting 
period or if the provider's cumulative utilization under the Medicare 
program is less than 5 percent, the net amount of gains or losses 
realized from sale or scrapping will be allowed as a depreciation 
adjustment in the period of disposal. For purposes of this paragraph 
(f)(2)(ii), the provider's cumulative Medicare utilization precentage is 
determined by comparing the cumulative total of the Medicare inpatient 
days for all reporting periods in which depreciation on the asset 
disposed of was claimed under the Medicare program to the cumulative 
total of inpatient days of the participating provider for the same 
reporting periods.
    (iii) If the conditions specified in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this 
section are not met, the adjustment to reimbursable cost in the 
reporting period of asset disposition is calculated as follows:

[[Page 724]]

    (A) The total amount of gains or losses shall be allocated to all 
reporting periods under the Medicare program, based on the ratio of the 
depreciation allowed on the assets in each reporting period to the total 
depreciation allowed under the Medicare program.
    (B) The results of this allocation are multiplied by the ratio of 
Medicare reimbursable cost to total allowable cost for each reporting 
period.
    (C) The results of this multiplication are then added.
    (D) Effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1991, no adjustment will be made for the portion of gains or 
losses allocated to inpatient hospital services for which the hospital 
was paid under the fully prospective payment methodology as described in 
Sec. 412.340 of this chapter or under the hold-harmless methodology 
based on the Federal rate as described in Sec. 412.344(a)(1) of this 
chapter for new capital costs or in Sec. 412.344(a)(2) of this chapter.
    (iv) If a provider sells more than one asset for a lump sum sales 
price, the gain or loss on the sale of each depreciable asset must be 
determined by allocating the lump sum sales price among all the assets 
sold, in accordance with the fair market value of each asset as it was 
used by the provider at the time of sale. If the buyer and seller cannot 
agree on an allocation of the sales price, or if they do agree but there 
is insufficient documentation of the current fair market value of each 
asset, the intermediary for the selling provider will require an 
appraisal by an independent appraisal expert to establish the fair 
market value of each asset and will make an allocation of the sales 
price in accordance with the appraisal.
    (3) Sale within 1 year after termination. Gains and losses realized 
from a bona fide sale of depreciable assets within 1 year immediately 
following the date on which the provider terminates participation in the 
Medicare program are also included in the determination of allowable 
cost, in accordance with the procedure specified in paragraph (f)(2) of 
this section. However, if several assets are sold for a lump sum sales 
price, the determination of fair market value must be based on the 
appraised value of the assets as they were last used by the provider 
while participating in the Medicare program.
    (4) Exchange, trade-in or donation. Gains or losses realized from 
the exchange, trade-in, or donation of depreciable assets are not 
included in the determination of allowable cost. When the disposition of 
an asset is by means of exchange or trade-in, the historical cost of the 
new asset is the sum of the undepreciated cost of the asset disposed of 
and the additional cash or other assets transferred (or to be 
transferred) to acquire the new asset. However, if the asset disposed of 
was acquired by the provider before its participation in the Medicare 
program and the sum of the undepreciated cost and the cash or other 
assets transferred (or to be transferred) exceed the list price or fair 
market value of the new asset, the historical cost of the new asset is 
limited to the lower of its list price or fair market value.
    (5) Demolition or abandonment. (i) For purposes of this section, the 
term ``abandonment'' means the permanent retirement of an asset for any 
future purpose, not merely the provider's ceasing to use the asset for 
patient care purposes. To claim an abandonment under the Medicare 
program, the provider must have relinquished all rights, title, claim, 
and possession of the asset with the intention of never reclaiming it or 
resuming its ownership, possession, or enjoyment.
    (ii) If losses resulting from the demolition or abandonment of 
depreciable assets do not exceed $5,000 within the cost-reporting 
period, the losses are to be allowed in the period of disposal.
    (iii) If losses exceed $5,000 and, at the date of disposition, the 
demolished or abandoned assets are at least 80 percent depreciated as 
computed under the straight-line method, such losses are includable in 
the determination of allowable cost under the Medicare program in the 
period of disposal and the procedure provided in paragraph (f)(2)(iii) 
of this section must be used in determining the adjustment to 
reimbursable cost.
    (iv) Losses in excess of $5,000 resulting from the demolition or 
abandonment of assets, which at the date of

[[Page 725]]

disposition are not 80 percent depreciated as computed under the 
straight-line method, must be capitalized as a deferred charge and 
amortized as follows:
    (A) If the State Health Planning and Development Agency (SHPDA) 
designated under section 1521 of the Public Health Service Act approves 
the demolition or abandonment of a depreciable asset as being consistent 
with the health systems plan of the health service area in which the 
provider is located, the net loss realized shall be capitalized as a 
deferred charge and amortized over the remaining life of the demolished 
or abandoned asset, or at the rate of $5,000 per year, whichever is 
greater. If no SHPDA exists or if such agency is unable or unwilling to 
perform this function, the provider must submit a request for approval 
to the intermediary. The intermediary, after reviewing this request and 
before issuing the approval, will submit the request along with its 
recommendation to the appropriate Regional Office for its approval.
    (B) If a provider fails to obtain approval as specified in paragraph 
(f)(5)(iv)(A) of this section, a loss is not allowable unless the 
demolished or abandoned asset is replaced. If the asset is replaced, the 
loss resulting from the unapproved demolition or abandonment must be 
capitalized as a deferred charge and amortized over the estimated useful 
life of the replacement asset or at the rate of $5,000 per year, 
whichever is greater.
    (v) If a loss resulting from the demolition or abandonment is 
deferred and amortized and the provider terminates its participation in 
the Medicare program or ceases to use a replacement asset in the 
provision of patient care services, the unamortized deferred charge 
remaining at that time must not be included in determining allowable 
cost under the Medicare program.
    (vi) Losses on demolition must include the demolition cost incurred 
by the provider for razing and removal of the asset, less any salvage 
value recovered by the provider. However, if a provider demolishes a 
depreciable asset for the purpose of preparing land for future sale, the 
net demolition cost incurred by the provider (razing and removal costs 
less salvage recovered) is considered a capital expenditure and added to 
the historical basis of the land.
    (vii) If a provider purchases land on which there is a building, no 
depreciation will be allowed under the Medicare program unless the 
building is used in providing patient care. If the building is 
demolished, the entire purchase price and demolition cost shall be 
considered the historical cost of the land. If the building is used for 
patient care, but demolished within 5 years of purchase, the entire 
purchase price, less allowed depreciation, plus demolition cost will be 
considered the historical cost of the land.
    (6) Involuntary conversion. (i) Losses resulting from the 
involuntary conversion of depreciable assets, such as condemnation, 
fire, theft, or other casualty, are generally included in the 
determination of allowable cost on a deferred basis if the asset is 
restored or replaced. However, losses resulting from a provider's 
imprudent management of its depreciable assets, such as the failure to 
obtain proper insurance coverage, are not included in the determination 
of allowable cost.
    (ii) The net allowable loss from involuntary conversion must consist 
of the undepreciated cost of unrecovered book value of the asset, less 
amounts received from insurance proceeds gifts, and grants received from 
local, State, or Federal government, or any other source as a result of 
the involuntary conversion.
    (iii) If the asset is replaced and the net allowable loss in any 
cost-reporting period does not exceed $5,000, the entire amount must be 
included in allowable cost in the period in which the loss is incurred. 
If the asset is replaced and the net allowable loss in any cost-
reporting period exceeds $5,000, the loss must be capitalized as a 
deferred charge and amortized over the useful life of the replacement or 
restored asset. If a replaced or restored asset ceases to be used in the 
provision of patient care services or the provider terminates its 
participation in the Medicare program, the unamortized deferred charge 
remaining at that time will not be included in determining allowable 
cost under the Medicare program.

[[Page 726]]

    (iv) If the provider fails to replace or restore an involuntarily 
converted asset, the loss is not included in determining allowable cost. 
However, if the provider intends to replace or restore the asset but is 
unable to do so because the designated SHPDA finds such replacement or 
restoration to be inconsistent with the health systems plan of the 
provider's health service area, the loss is allowable so long as the 
provider continues to participate in Medicare. In this case, the loss 
must be capitalized as a deferred charge and amortized over the 
remaining life of the involuntarily converted asset, or at the rate of 
$5,000 per year, whichever is greater.
    (v) If a gain is realized from an involuntary conversion of 
depreciable assets, the net amount realized reduces the basis of the 
restored or replacement asset. If the asset is not restored or replaced, 
the gain is to be treated in accordance with paragraph (f)(2) of this 
section.
    (7) Effect on equity capital. The unrecovered loss entered on the 
books of the provider as a deferred charge, in accordance with 
paragraphs (f) (5) and (6) of this section, is not includable in the 
computation of equity capital under Sec. 413.157.
    (8) Sale of replacement or restored assets. If a provider sells a 
replacement or restored asset while participating in the Medicare 
program or within 1 year immediately following the date on which it 
terminates its participation in the Medicare program, the unrecovered 
loss entered on the books of the provider as a deferred charge in 
accordance with paragraphs (f) (5) and (6) of this section will not be 
included in determining the gain or loss realized from the sale of the 
replacement or restored asset. However, if the sale of such asset is 
made to a related organization, as defined in Sec. 413.17, and the 
purchasing organization continues as a provider in the Medicare program, 
the remaining deferred charge representing the unrecovered depreciable 
basis of the demolished, abandoned or destroyed asset must continue to 
be amortized over the remaining expected useful life of the replacement 
or restored asset. If the sale is made to an unrelated organization, 
further amortization of the deferred charge is not allowed.
    (g) Establishment of cost basis on purchase of facility as an 
ongoing operation--(1) Assets acquired after July 1, 1966 and before 
August 1, 1970. The cost basis for the assets of a facility purchased as 
an ongoing operation after July 1, 1966, and before August 1, 1970, is 
the lowest of the--
    (i) Total price paid for the facility by the purchaser, as allocated 
to the individual assets of the facility;
    (ii) Total fair market value of the facility at the time of the 
sale, as allocated to the individual assets; or
    (iii) Combined fair market value of the individually identified 
assets at the time of the sale.
    (2) Assets acquired after July 31, 1970 and, for hospitals and SNFs, 
before July 18, 1984. For depreciable assets acquired after July 31, 
1970 and, for hospitals and SNFs, before July 18, 1984, in addition to 
the limitations specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, the cost 
basis of the depreciable assets may not exceed the current reproduction 
cost depreciated on a straight-line basis over the life of the asset to 
the time of the sale.
    (3) Assets acquired by hospitals and SNFs on or after July 18, 1984 
and not subject to an enforceable agreement entered into before that 
date. Subject to paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) (B) through (G) and (b)(1)(iii) 
of this section, historical cost may not exceed the lowest of the 
following:
    (i) The allowable acquisition cost of the asset to the owner of 
record as of July 18, 1984 (or, in the case of an asset not in existence 
as of July 18, 1984, the first owner of record of the asset);
    (ii) The acquisition cost to the new owner; or
    (iii) The fair market value of the asset on the date of acquisition.
    (4) Assets acquired by all providers on or after December 1, 1997. 
Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A) of this section, the 
historical cost may not exceed the historical cost of the asset, as 
recognized under the Medicare program, less depreciation allowed, to the 
owner of record as of August 5, 1997 (or for an asset not in existence 
as of August 5, 1997, the first owner of record after August 5, 1997).

[[Page 727]]

    (5) Transactions other than bona fide. If the purchaser cannot 
demonstrate that the sale was bona fide, in addition to the limitations 
specified in paragraph (g)(1), (2), and (3) of this section, the 
purchaser's cost basis may not exceed the seller's cost basis, less 
accumulated depreciation.
    (h) Sale and leaseback agreements and other lease transactions. (1) 
For sale and leaseback agreements for all providers, and for sale and 
leaseback agreements for hospitals and SNFs entered into before October 
23, 1992, a provider may include in its allowable costs incurred rental 
charges, as specified in a sale and leaseback agreement with a 
nonrelated purchaser involving plant facilities or equipment, only if--
    (i) The rental charges are reasonable based on consideration of 
rental charges of comparable facilities and market conditions in the 
area; the type, expected life, condition, and value of the facilities or 
equipment rented; and other provisions of the rental agreement;
    (ii) Adequate alternate facilities or equipment that would serve the 
purpose are not or were not available at lower cost; and
    (iii) The leasing was based on economic and technical 
considerations.
    (2) If the conditions of paragraph (h)(1) of this section are not 
met, the amount a provider may include in its allowable costs as rental 
or lease expense under a sale and leaseback agreement may not exceed the 
amount that the provider would have included in its allowable costs had 
the provider retained legal title to the facilities or equipment such as 
interest expense on mortgages, taxes, depreciation, and insurance costs.
    (3) For hospitals and SNFs entering into sale and leaseback 
agreements on or after October 23, 1992, the amount a provider may 
include in its allowable costs as rental or lease expense may not exceed 
the amount that the provider would have included in its allowable costs 
had the provider retained legal title to the facilities or equipment, 
such as interest expense on mortgages, taxes, depreciation, and 
insurance costs (the costs of ownership). This limitation applies both 
on an annual basis and over the useful life of the asset.
    (i) If in the early years of the lease, the annual rental or lease 
costs are less than the annual costs of ownership, but in the later 
years of the lease the annual rental or lease costs are more than the 
annual costs of ownership, in the years that the annual rental or lease 
costs are more than the costs of ownership the provider may include in 
allowable costs annually the actual amount of rental or lease costs. The 
aggregate rental or lease costs included in allowable costs may not 
exceed the aggregate costs of ownership that would have been included in 
allowable costs over the useful life of the asset had the provider 
retained legal title to the asset.
    (ii) If in the early years of the lease, the annual rental or lease 
costs exceed the annual costs of ownership, but in the later years of 
the lease the annual rental or lease costs are less than the annual 
costs of ownership, the provider may carry forward amounts of rental or 
lease costs that were not included in allowable costs in the early years 
of the lease due to the costs of ownership limitation, and include these 
amounts in allowable costs in the years of the lease when the annual 
rental or lease costs are less than the annual costs of ownership. In 
any given year the amount of actual annual rental or lease costs plus 
the amount carried forward to that year may not exceed the amount of the 
costs of ownership for that year.
    (iii) In the aggregate, the amount of rental or lease costs included 
in allowable costs may not exceed the amount of the costs of ownership 
that the provider could have included in allowable costs had the 
provider retained legal title to the asset.
    (4) For lease transactions of all providers entered into before 
October 23, 1992, a lease that meets the following conditions 
establishes a virtual purchase:
    (i) The rental charge exceeds rental charges of comparable 
facilities or equipment in the area.
    (ii) The term of the lease is less than the useful life of the 
facilities or equipment.

[[Page 728]]

    (iii) The provider has the option to renew the lease at a 
significantly reduced rental, or the provider has the right to purchase 
the facilities or equipment at a price that appears to be significantly 
less than what the fair market value of the facilities or equipment 
would be at the time acquisition by the provider is permitted.
    (5)(i) If a lease is a virtual purchase under paragraph (h)(4) of 
this section, the rental charge is includable in allowable costs only to 
the extent that it does not exceed the amount that the provider would 
have included in allowable costs if it had legal title to the asset (the 
cost of ownership), such as straight-line depreciation, insurance, and 
interest. For purposes of computing the limitation on allowable rental 
cost in this paragraph, a provider may not include accelerated 
depreciation.
    (ii) The difference between the amount of rent paid and the amount 
of rent allowed as rental expense is considered a deferred charge and 
must be capitalized as part of the historical cost of the asset when the 
asset is purchased.
    (iii) If an asset is returned to the owner instead of being 
purchased, the deferred charge may be expensed in the year the asset is 
returned.
    (iv) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period 
of time at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase still exists, 
the deferred charge may be expensed to the extent of increasing the 
reduced rental to an amount not in excess of the cost of ownership.
    (v) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period of 
time at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase no longer 
exists, the deferred charge may be expensed to the extent of increasing 
the reduced rental to a fair rental value.
    (6) For lease transactions entered into on or after October 23, 
1992, a lease that meets any one of the following conditions establishes 
a virtual purchase:
    (i) The lease transfers title of the facilities or equipment to the 
lessee during the lease term.
    (ii) The lease contains a bargain purchase option.
    (iii) The lease term is 75 percent or more of the useful life of the 
facilities or equipment. This provision is not applicable if the lease 
begins in the last 25 percent of the useful life of the facilities or 
equipment.
    (iv) The present value of the minimum lease payments (that is, 
payments to be made during the lease term, including bargain purchase 
option, guaranteed residual value, or penalties for failure to renew) 
equals 90 percent or more of the fair market value of the leased 
property. This provision is not applicable if the lease begins in the 
last 25 percent of the useful life of the facilities or equipment. The 
present value is computed using the lessee's incremental borrowing rate, 
unless the interest rate implicit in the lease is known and is less than 
the lessee's incremental borrowing rate, in which case, the interest 
rate implicit in the lease is used.
    (7)(i) If a lease is a virtual purchase under paragraph (h)(6) of 
this section, the rental charge is includable in allowable costs only to 
the extent that it does not exceed the amount that the provider would 
have included in allowable costs if it had legal title to the asset (the 
costs of ownership), such as straight-line depreciation, insurance, and 
interest. For purposes of computing the limitation on allowable rental 
cost as described in this paragraph, a provider may not include 
accelerated depreciation in its allowable costs.
    (ii) The difference between the amount of rent paid and the amount 
of rent allowed as rental expense is considered a deferred charge and is 
capitalized as part of the historical cost of the asset when the asset 
is purchased.
    (iii) If an asset is returned to the owner instead of being 
purchased, the deferred charge may be expensed in the year the asset is 
returned.
    (iv) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period 
of time at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase still exists, 
the deferred charge may be expensed to the extent of increasing the 
reduced rental to an amount not in excess of the cost of ownership.
    (v) If the term of the lease is extended for an additional period of 
time

[[Page 729]]

at a reduced lease cost and the option to purchase no longer exists, the 
deferred charge may be expensed to the extent of increasing the reduced 
rental to a fair rental value.
    (vi) If the lessee becomes the owner of the leased asset (either by 
operation of the lease or by other means), the amount considered as 
depreciation, for the purpose of having computed the limitation 
expressed in paragraph (h)(7)(i) of this section, must be used in 
calculating the limitation on adjustments to depreciation for the 
purpose of determining any gain or loss upon disposal of an asset under 
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (i) Intergovernmental transfer of facilities. The basis for 
depreciation of assets transferred under appropriate legal authority 
from one governmental entity to another is as follows:
    (1) The historical cost incurred by the present owner in acquiring 
the asset under a bona fide sale. The historical cost may not exceed the 
lower of current reproduction cost adjusted for straight-line 
depreciation over the life of the asset to the time of the purchase of 
fair market value at the time of the purchase.
    (2) The fair market value at the time of donation under a bona fide 
donation of the asset (subject to the limitations set forth under 
paragraph (i) of this section). An asset is considered donated when a 
governmental entity acquires the asset without assuming the functions 
for which the transferor used the asset or making any payment for it in 
the form of cash, property, or services.
    (3) If neither paragraph (h) (1) nor (2) of this section applies, 
for example, the transfer was solely to facilitate administration or to 
reallocate jurisdictional responsibility, or the transfer constituted a 
taking over in whole or in part of the function of one governmental 
entity by another governmental entity, the basis for depreciation is--
    (i) With respect to an asset on which the transferor has claimed 
depreciation under the Medicare program, the transferor's basis under 
the Medicare program prior to the transfer. The method of depreciation 
used by the transferee may be the same as that used by the transferor, 
or the transferee may change the method, as permitted under paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section; or
    (ii) With respect to an asset on which the transferor has not 
claimed depreciation under the Medicare program, the cost incurred by 
the transferor in acquiring the asset (not to exceed the basis that 
would have been recognized had the transferor participated in the 
Medicare program) less depreciation calculated on the straight-line 
basis over the life of the asset to the time of transfer.
    (j) Basis of assets donated to a provider--(1) Assets not used or 
depreciated under the Medicare program. If an asset has never been used 
or depreciated under the Medicare program and is donated to a provider, 
the basis for the purpose of calculating depreciation and equity capital 
(if applicable) is the fair market value of the asset at the time of 
donation.
    (2) Assets used or depreciated under the Medicare program. If an 
asset has been used or depreciated under the Medicare program and is 
donated to a provider, the basis for the purpose of calculating 
depreciation and equity capital (if applicable) is the lesser of--
    (i) The fair market value at the time of donation; or
    (ii) The net book value in the hands of the owner last participating 
in the Medicare program.
    (3) Transfers of State hospitals to nonprofit corporations without 
monetary consideration. If a State transfers a hospital to a nonprofit 
corporation without monetary consideration on or after July 18, 1984, 
the depreciable basis of the assets to the new owner is the net book 
value of the assets as recorded on the State's books at the time of the 
transfer. For purposes of this section, monetary consideration includes 
cash, new debt, and assumed debt.
    (k) Transactions involving a provider's capital stock--(1) 
Acquisition of capital stock of a provider. If the capital stock of a 
provider is acquired, the provider's assets may not be revalued. For 
example, if Corporation A purchases the capital stock of Corporation B, 
the provider, Corporation B continues to be the provider after the 
purchase and

[[Page 730]]

Corporation A is merely the stockholder. Corporation B's assets may not 
be revalued.
    (2) Statutory merger. A statutory merger is a combination of two or 
more corporations under the corporation laws of the State, with one of 
the corporations surviving. The surviving corporation acquires the 
assets and liabilities of the merged corporation(s) by operation of 
State law. The effect of a statutory merger upon Medicare reimbursement 
is as follows:
    (i) Statutory merger between unrelated parties. If the statutory 
merger is between two or more corporations that are unrelated (as 
specified in Sec. 413.17), the assets of the merged corporation(s) 
acquired by the surviving corporation may be revalued in accordance with 
paragraph (g) of this section. If the merged corporation was a provider 
before the merger, then it is subject to the provisions of paragraphs 
(d)(3) and (f) of this section concerning recovery of accelerated 
depreciation and the realization of gains and losses. The basis of the 
assets owned by the surviving corporation are unaffected by the 
transaction. An example of this type of transaction is one in which 
Corporation A, a nonprovider, and Corporation B, the provider, are 
combined by a statutory merger, with Corporation A being the surviving 
corporation. In such a case the assets of Corporation B acquired by 
Corporation A may be revalued in accordance with paragraph (g) of this 
section.
    (ii) Statutory merger between related parties. If the statutory 
merger is between two or more related corporations (as specified in 
Sec. 413.17), no revaluation of assets is permitted for those assets 
acquired by the surviving corporation. An example of this type of 
transaction is one in which Corporation A purchase the capital stock of 
Corporation B, the provider. Immediately after the acquisition of the 
capital stock of Corporation B, there is a statutory merger of 
Corporation B and Corporation A, with Corporation A being the surviving 
corporation. Under these circumstances, at the time of the merger the 
transaction is one between related parties and is not a basis for 
revaluation of the provider's assets.
    (3) Consolidation. A consolidation is the combination of two or more 
corporations resulting in the creation of a new corporate entity. If at 
least one of the original corporations is a provider, the effect of a 
consolidation upon Medicare reimbursement for the provider is as 
follows:
    (i) Consolidation between unrelated parties. If the consolidation is 
between two or more corporations that are unrelated (as specified in 
Sec. 413.17), the assets of the provider corporation(s) may be revalued 
in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
    (ii) Consolidation between related parties. If the consolidation is 
between two or more related corporations (as specified in Sec. 413.17), 
no revaluation of provider assets is permitted.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 43456, Aug. 30, 1991; 
57 FR 3017, Jan. 27, 1992; 57 FR 39830, Sept. 1, 1992; 57 FR 43919, 
Sept. 23, 1992; 58 FR 17528, Apr. 5, 1993; 59 FR 45401, Sept. 1, 1994; 
63 FR 1382, Jan. 9, 1998; 65 FR 8662, Feb. 22, 2000]



Sec. 413.139  Depreciation: Optional allowance for depreciation based on a 
percentage of operating costs.

    (a) Principle. With respect to all assets acquired before 1966, the 
provider, at its option, may choose an allowance for depreciation based 
on a percentage of operating costs. The operating costs to be used are 
the provider's 1965 operating costs or the provider's current year's 
allowable costs, whichever are the lower. The percentage to be applied 
is 5 percent starting with the year 1966-67, with such percentage being 
uniformly reduced by one-half percent each succeeding year. The 
allowance based on operating costs is in addition to regular 
depreciation on assets acquired after 1965; however, if the optional 
allowance is selected, the combined amount of such allowance on pre-1966 
assets and the straight-line depreciation on assets acquired after 1965 
(including the estimated depreciation on assets held on a rental basis 
during the current year) may not exceed 6 percent of the provider's 
allowable cost for the current year.
    (b) Definitions--(1) Operating costs. Operating costs are the total 
costs incurred by the provider in operating the institution or facility.

[[Page 731]]

    (2) Allowable costs. Allowable costs are the costs of a provider 
that are includable under the principles for cost reimbursement. Through 
application of apportionment methods to the total amount of such 
allowable costs, the share of a provider's total cost that is 
attributable to covered services for beneficiaries is determined.
    (c) Application. If a provider has inadequate historical cost 
records for pre-1966 depreciable assets, the provider may elect to 
receive an allowance for depreciation on such assets based on a 
percentage of operating costs. The optional allowance for depreciation 
for such assets may be used, however, whether or not a provider has 
records of the cost of pre-1966 depreciable assets currently in use.
    (d) Allowance based on a percentage of operating costs. (1) The 
allowance for depreciation based on a percentage of operating costs is 
to be computed by applying a specified percentage to a base amount equal 
to the provider's 1965 total operating costs, without adjustments to 
these principles or the current year's allowable operating costs, 
whichever is lower. The percentage to be applied is five for the 
reporting period that starts before or during 1966-67, four and one-half 
for the reporting period that begins during 1967-68, and continues to 
decline annually by equal amounts to become zero in 1976-77.
    (2) If used as a base for determining the optional allowance for 
depreciation, neither the 1965 operating costs nor the current year's 
allowable costs are to include any actual depreciation, estimated 
depreciation on rented depreciable-type assets, allowance in lieu of 
specific recognition of other costs, or return on equity capital. Such 
exclusions are to be made only for the purpose of computing the 
allowance for depreciation based on operating costs. For other purposes, 
the excluded amounts are recognized in determining allowable costs and 
for computing the costs of services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries 
during the reporting period.
    (e) Change to actual depreciation. (1) A provider that elects this 
allowance may at any time before 1976 change to actual depreciation on 
all pre-1966 depreciable assets. In such case, this option is eliminated 
and the provider can no longer elect to receive an allowance for 
depreciation based on a percentage of operating costs.
    (2) If the provider desires to change to actual depreciation but 
either has no historical cost records or has incomplete records, the 
determination of historical cost may be made through appropriate means 
involving expert consultation with the determination being subject to 
review and approval by the intermediary.
    (f) Determination of optional allowance based on percentage of 
operating costs illustrated. The following illustrates how the provider 
would determine the optional allowance for depreciation based on 
operating costs.

    Example No. 1. The provider keeps its records on a calendar year 
basis. The current year's actual allowable cost and the actual operating 
cost for 1965 do not include any actual depreciation or rentals on 
depreciable-type assets. The current year's allowable cost also does not 
include any allowance in lieu of specific recognition of other costs or 
return on equity capital.

                                Year 1966
Current year's allowable cost.............................    $1,100,000
                                                           =============
Operating cost for 1965\1\................................    $1,000,000
Percent for determining the allowance.....................             5
                                                           -------------
      Allowance...........................................       $50,000
 
\1\ 1965 Operating cost was used in computing the allowance for
  depreciation based on a percentage of operating costs because it was
  lower than 1966 allowable cost.


                                Year 1967
Current year's allowable cost.............................    $1,200,000
                                                           =============
Operating cost for 1965\1\................................    $1,000,000
Percent for determining the allowance\2\..................             5
                                                           -------------
      Allowance...........................................       $50,000
 
\1\ 1965 Operating cost was used in computing the allowance for
  depreciation based on a percentage of operating costs because it was
  lower than 1967 allowable cost.
\2\ Since the reporting period began during the year 1966-1967 (July 1,
  1966-June 30, 1967) 5 percent is the percentage to be used.


                                Year 1968
Operating cost for 1965...................................    $1,000,000
                                                           =============
Current year's allowable cost \1\.........................      $900,000
Percent for determining the allowance\2\..................        4\1/2\
                                                           -------------
      Allowance...........................................       $40,500
 
\1\ The current year's allowable cost was used in computing the
  allowance for depreciation based on percentage of operating costs
  because it was lower than 1965 operating cost.
\2\ Since the reporting period began during the year 1967-1968 (July 1,
  1967-June 30, 1968) 4\1/2\ percent is the percentage to be used.


[[Page 732]]

    Example No. 2. When the provider pays rent for depreciable-type 
assets rented prior to 1966, the estimated depreciation on such assets 
must be deducted from the allowance. The following illustration 
demonstrates how the allowance is determined.
    The provider keeps its records on a calendar year basis. The current 
year's actual allowable cost and the actual operating cost for 1965 did 
not include any actual depreciation, allowance in lieu of specific 
recognition of other costs, or return on equity capital. However, such 
costs have been adjusted to exclude estimated depreciation on rented 
depreciable-type assets.

                                Year 1966
Adjusted current year's allowable cost....................    $1,100,000
                                                           =============
Adjusted operating cost for 1965\1\.......................    $1,000,000
Percent for determining the allowance.....................             5
                                                           -------------
      Allowance...........................................       $50,000
Less estimated depreciation for depreciable-type assets           $3,000
 rented prior to 1966 on which rental is paid in 1966.....
                                                           -------------
      Adjusted allowance..................................       $47,000
 
\1\ 1965 operating cost was used in computing the allowance for
  depreciation based on a percentage of operating costs because it was
  lower than 1966 allowable cost.


    (g) Limitation on depreciation if optional allowance is used. This 
optional allowance only is subject to a limitation based on the 
provider's total allowable operating cost for the current year. To 
determine this limitation, compute the sum of the actual depreciation 
claimed, the allowance based on a percentage of operating costs, and the 
estimated straight-line depreciation on depreciable-type assets rented 
after 1965. If this sum exceeds six percent of the provider's current 
year's allowable cost (exclusive of any actual depreciation claimed, 
estimated depreciation on rented depreciable-type assets, allowance in 
lieu of specific recognition of other costs, and return on equity 
capital), the allowance for depreciation based on a percentage of 
operating costs is reduced by the amount of excess. In applying this 
limitation, if the actual depreciation claimed is on an accelerated 
basis, it must be converted to a straight-line basis only for use in 
calculating this limitation. It is presumed that pre-1966 assets will 
not be retired at a greater than normal rate, and the limitation of six 
percent, as it affects the availability of the allowance, is designed as 
a safeguard if the presumption is not borne out. If the provider does 
not elect to use the optional allowance, the combined allowance for 
depreciation based on costs of pre-1966 assets and those subsequently 
acquired is not subject to the six percent limitation.

    Example No. 1. The following illustration demonstrates how this 
limitation would be determined.

                                Year 1966
  [The provider keeps its records on a calendar year basis. The current
year's actual allowable cost and the actual operating cost for 1965 have
been adjusted to exclude actual depreciation, the estimated depreciation
    on rented depreciable-type assets, allowance in lieu of specific
       recognition of other costs, and return on equity capital.]
Adjusted operating cost for 1965..........................    $1,000,000
Percent for determining the allowance.....................             5
In 1966 assets were acquired which produce a straight-line       $18,000
 depreciation of..........................................
Estimated depreciation on assets rented in 1966...........        $2,000
Adjusted allowable operating cost for 1966................    $1,100,000
 
   calculation of allowance for depreciation based on a percentage of
                             operating costs
 
                      Gross allowance
 
5 percent times adjusted 1965 operating costs ($1,000,000)       $50,000
Estimated depreciation on assets rented in 1966...........         2,000
Straight-line depreciation on post-1965 assets............        18,000
                                                           -------------
      Total...............................................        70,000
6 percent of adjusted 1966 allowable operating cost.......        66,000
                                                           -------------
      Reduction in allowance..............................         4,000
                                                           =============
Allowance.................................................        50,000
Reduction.................................................         4,000
                                                           -------------
      Adjusted allowance..................................        46,000
                                                           =============
      Total depreciation allowance for 1966 ($18,000              64,000
       actual depreciation plus $46,000 allowance based on
       operating cost)....................................
 

    Assume in this illustration that the provider had elected to use the 
declining balance method in computing its allowable depreciation and the 
rental expense for depreciable-type assets was $3,500. In that case, it 
would include in its 1966 allowable cost not only the $46,000 allowance 
based on operating costs but also $36,000 (in this instance 2xstraight-
line rate is used) in actual depreciation and the rental expense of 
$3,500--or a total of $85,500 covering all its depreciable assets.



Sec. 413.144  Depreciation: Allowance for depreciation on fully depreciated 
or partially depreciated assets.

    (a) Principle. Depreciation on assets being used by a provider at 
the time it enters into the Medicare program is allowed. This principle 
applies even

[[Page 733]]

though such assets may be fully or partially depreciated on the 
provider's books.
    (b) Application. Depreciation is allowable on assets being used at 
the time the provider enters into the program. This applies even though 
such assets may be fully depreciated on the provider's books or fully 
depreciated with respect to other third-party payers. So long as an 
asset is being used, its useful life is considered not to have ended, 
and consequently the asset is subject to depreciation based upon a 
revised estimate of the asset's useful life as determined by the 
provider and approved by the intermediary. Correction of prior years' 
depreciation to reflect revision of estimated useful life should be made 
in the first year of participation in the program unless the provider 
has used the optional method (Sec. 413.139), in which case the 
correction should be made at the time of discontinuing the use of that 
method. If an asset has become fully depreciated under Medicare, further 
depreciation is not appropriate or allowable, even though the asset may 
continue in use.
    (c) Example of an allowance for a fully-depreciated asset. For 
example, if a 50-year-old building is in use at the time the provider 
enters into the program, depreciation is allowable on the building even 
though it has been fully depreciated on the provider's books. Assuming 
that a reasonable estimate of the asset's continued life is 20 years (70 
years from the date of acquisition), the provider may claim depreciation 
over the next 20 years--if the asset is in use that long--or a total 
depreciation of as much as twenty-seventieths of the asset's historical 
cost.
    (d) Corrections to depreciation. If the asset is disposed of before 
the expiration of its estimated useful life, the depreciation would be 
adjusted to the actual useful life. Likewise, a provider may not have 
fully depreciated other assets it is using and finds that it has 
incorrectly estimated the useful lives of those assets. In such cases, 
the provider may use the corrected useful lives in determining the 
amount of depreciation, provided such corrections have been approved by 
the intermediary.



Sec. 413.149  Depreciation: Allowance for depreciation on assets financed 
with Federal or public funds.

    (a) Principle. Depreciation is allowed on assets financed with Hill-
Burton or other Federal or public funds.
    (b) Application. Like other assets (including other donated 
depreciable assets), assets financed with Hill-Burton or other Federal 
or public funds become a part of the provider institution's plant and 
equipment to be used in furnishing services. It is the function of 
payment of depreciation to provide funds that make it possible to 
maintain the assets and preserve the capital employed in the production 
of services. Therefore, irrespective of the source of financing of an 
asset, if it is used in the providing of services for beneficiaries of 
the program, payment for depreciation of the asset is, in fact, a cost 
of the production of those services. Moreover, recognition of this cost 
is necessary to maintain productive capacity for the future. An 
incentive for funding of depreciation is provided in these principles by 
the provision that investment income on funded depreciation is not 
treated as a reduction of allowable interest expense under Sec. 
413.153(a).



Sec. 413.153  Interest expense.

    (a)(1) Principle. Necessary and proper interest on both current and 
capital indebtedness is an allowable cost. However, interest costs are 
not allowable if incurred as a result of--
    (i) Judicial review by a Federal court (as described in Sec. 
413.64(j));
    (ii) An interest assessment on a determined overpayment (as 
described in Sec. 405.377 of this chapter); or
    (iii) Interest on funds borrowed to repay an overpayment (as 
described in Sec. 413.64(j) or Sec. 405.378 of this chapter), up to 
the amount of the overpayment, unless the provider had made a prior 
commitment to borrow funds for other purposes (for example, capital 
improvements).
    (2) Exception. In those cases of administrative or judicial 
reversal, interest paid on funds borrowed to repay an overpayment is an 
allowable cost, in accordance with this section.

[[Page 734]]

    (b) Definitions--(1) Interest. Interest is the cost incurred for the 
use of borrowed funds. Interest on current indebtedness is the cost 
incurred for funds borrowed for a relatively short term. This is usually 
for such purposes as working capital for normal operating expenses. 
Interest on capital indebtedness is the cost incurred for funds borrowed 
for capital purposes, such as acquisition of facilities and equipment, 
and capital improvements. Generally, loans for capital purposes are 
long-term loans.
    (2) Necessary. Necessary interest is interest that meets the 
following requirements:
    (i) It is incurred on a loan made to satisfy a financial need of the 
provider. Loans that result in excess funds or investments are not 
considered necessary.
    (ii) It is incurred on a loan made for a purpose reasonably related 
to patient care.
    (iii) It is reduced by investment income except income from--
    (A) Gifts, grants, and endowments, whether held separately or pooled 
with other funds;
    (B) Funded depreciation that meets the program's qualifying 
criteria;
    (C) The provider's qualified pension funds;
    (D) The provider's deferred compensation funds that meet the 
program's qualifying criteria; and
    (E) The provider's self-insurance trust funds that meet the 
program's qualifying criteria.
    (iv) It is not reduced by interest received as a result of judicial 
review by a Federal court (as described in Sec. 413.64(j)).
    (3) Proper. Proper requires that interest be--
    (i) Incurred at a rate not in excess of what a prudent borrower 
would have had to pay in the money market existing at the time the loan 
was made; and
    (ii) Paid to a lender not related through control or ownership, or 
personal relationship to the borrowing organization. However, interest 
is allowable if paid on loans from the provider's donor-restricted 
funds, the funded depreciation account, or the provider's qualified 
pension fund.
    (4) Zero coupon bonds. Zero coupon bonds are issued by government 
agencies, corporations, and banks at a price substantially below the 
face value. The difference between the purchase price and the face value 
reflects the actual amount of interest and is neither a discount nor an 
adjustment to the interest rate as with other bonds. Interest is paid at 
maturity when the bond is redeemed at face value.
    (c) Borrower-lender relationship. (1) Except as described in 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section, to be allowable, interest expense must 
be incurred on indebtedness established with lenders or lending 
organizations not related through control, ownership, or personal 
relationship to the borrower. Presence of any of these factors could 
affect the ``bargaining'' process that usually accompanies the making of 
a loan, and could thus be suggestive of an agreement on higher rates of 
interest or of unnecessary loans. Loans should be made under terms and 
conditions that a prudent borrower would make in armslength transactions 
with lending institutions. The intent of this provision is to assure 
that loans are legitimate and needed, and that the interest rate is 
reasonable. Thus, interest paid by the provider to partners, 
stockholders, or related organizations of the provider would not be 
allowable. If the owner uses his own funds in a business, it is 
reasonable to treat the funds as invested funds or capital, rather than 
borrowed funds. Therefore, if interest on loans by partners, 
stockholders, or related organizations is disallowed as a cost solely 
because of the relationship factor, the principal of such loans is 
treated as invested funds in the computation of the provider's equity 
capital under Sec. 413.157.
    (2) Exceptions to the general rule regarding interest on loans from 
controlled sources of funds are made in the following circumstances. 
Interest on loans to providers by partners, stockholders, or related 
organizations made prior to July 1, 1966, is allowable as cost, provided 
that the terms and conditions of payment of such loans have been 
maintained in effect without modification subsequent to July 1, 1966. If 
the general fund of a provider ``borrows'' from a donor-restricted fund 
and

[[Page 735]]

pays interest to the restricted fund, this interest expense is an 
allowable cost. The same treatment is accorded interest paid by the 
general fund on money ``borrowed'' from the funded depreciation account 
of the provider or from the provider's qualified pension fund. In 
addition, if a provider operated by members of a religious order borrows 
from the order, interest paid to the order is an allowable cost.
    (3) If funded depreciation is used for purposes other than 
improvement, replacement, or expansion of facilities or equipment 
related to patient care, allowable interest expense is reduced to adjust 
for offsets not made in prior years for earnings on funded depreciation. 
A similar treatment is accorded deposits in the provider's qualified 
pension fund if such deposits are used for other than the purpose for 
which the fund was established.
    (d) Loans not reasonably related to patient care. (1) The following 
types of loans are not considered to be for a purpose reasonably related 
to patient care:
    (i) For loans made to finance acquisition of a facility, that 
portion of the cost that exceeds--
    (A) Historical cost as determined under Sec. 413.134(b); or
    (B) The cost basis determined under Sec. 413.134(g); and
    (ii) Loans made to finance capital stock acquisitions, mergers, or 
consolidations for which revaluation of assets is not allowed under 
Sec. 413.134(k).
    (2) In determining whether a loan was made for the purpose of 
acquiring a facility, we apply any owner's investment or funds first to 
the tangible assets, then to the intangible assets other than goodwill, 
and lastly to the goodwill. If the owner's investment or funds are not 
sufficient to cover the cost allowed for tangible assets, we apply funds 
borrowed to finance the acquisition to the portion of the allowed cost 
of the tangible assets not covered by the owner's investment, then to 
the intangible assets other than goodwill, and lastly to the goodwill. 
Repayments of the funds borrowed are applied first to the borrowing 
related to the tangible assets, then to the borrowing related to the 
intangible assets other than goodwill, and lastly to the borrowing 
related to the goodwill.
    (3) When a provider borrows funds, but only some of the funds are 
necessary, repayments of the loan (principal and interest portions) are 
applied first to pay for the necessary portion of the loan. Only after 
all of the necessary portion of the loan (principal and interest) has 
been repaid are any repayments applied to the unnecessary portion of the 
loan. Repayments toward non-allowable borrowing pertaining to assets or 
activities not related to patient care are considered investments, and 
the provisions of paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section are applied.
    (e) Zero coupon bonds--(1) Interest on bonds issued on or after 
August 15, 1996. For zero coupon bonds issued on or after August 15, 
1996, interest expense incurred to provide funds for patient care-
related costs is an allowable expense, and interest income earned for 
investment purposes is an allowable offset, in the cost reporting period 
in which the interest accrues.
    (2) Interest income offset. Interest income from zero coupon bonds 
must be offset against allowable interest expense as prescribed in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section and in Sec. 413.130(g)(2). If zero 
coupon bonds are purchased with the proceeds of an advanced refunding of 
debt, offset of the investment income is required under Sec. 
413.153(b)(2)(iii), but the investment income is not prorated under 
Sec. 413.130(g)(2).
    (3) Use of effective interest method. (i) Interest expense and 
interest income from zero coupon bonds that are reported as they accrue 
must be amortized using the effective interest method. This method 
recognizes the actual accrual of interest expense or income for each 
interest computation period (as specified by the bond instrument) 
throughout the life of the bond.
    (ii) A constant effective yield rate is determined and applied to 
the book value (outstanding loan balance including prior accrued 
interest) of the bond at the beginning of each period to determine the 
total interest for the period.
    (iii) If the interest computation period involves portions of more 
than one

[[Page 736]]

cost reporting period, the amount of interest for that computation 
period shall be apportioned to each cost reporting period.
    (iv) An example of the computation of interest using the effective 
interest method follows:

                                  Facts

    Life of zero coupon bond: 15 years.
    Value at maturity: $50,000.
    Bondholder pays $6,996 for the bond.
    Annual interest rate is 13.5506% compounded semi-annually.
    From the table below, interest for the first year would be $980.11 
($474.00 plus $506.11).

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Col. 4
                                         Col 2                Book value
                                      Book value    Col. 3      end of
      Col 1  Six-month periods         beginning   Effective    period
                                       of period   interest*  (columns 2
                                                                 + 3)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1                                      $6,996.00     $474.00   $7,470.00
2                                       7,470.00      506.11    7,976.11
3                                       7,976.11      540.40    8,516.51
4                                       8,516.51      577.02    9,093.53
29                                     43,855.94    2,971.37   46,827.31
30                                     46,827.31    3,172.69  50,000.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Computed by multiplying the book value at the beginning of each period
  (Column 2) by 6.7753% (the annual interest rate of 13.5506% 2 =
  6.7753%).


[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 43457, Aug. 30, 1991; 
59 FR 45402, Sept. 1, 1994; 61 FR 37014, July 16, 1996; 61 FR 63748, 
63479, Dec. 2, 1996; 65 FR 8662, Feb. 22, 2000]



Sec. 413.157  Return on equity capital of proprietary providers.

    (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section--
    Proprietary provider means a provider that is organized and operated 
with the expectation of earning a profit for its owners (as 
distinguished from a provider that is organized and operated on a 
nonprofit basis). Proprietary providers may be sole proprietorships, 
partnerships, or corporations. Effective for cost reporting periods 
beginning on or after July 6, 1987, the term applies only to proprietary 
hospitals and SNFs.
    (b) General rule. A reasonable return on equity capital invested and 
used in the provision of patient care is paid as an allowance in 
addition to the reasonable cost of covered services furnished to 
beneficiaries by proprietary providers.
    (1) Rate of return applicable to proprietary providers for cost 
reporting periods beginning before July 6, 1987. Except as provided in 
paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(3), and (b)(4) of this section, the amount 
allowable on an annual basis, for cost reporting periods beginning 
before July 6, 1987, is determined by multiplying the provider's equity 
capital by a percentage equal to one and one-half times the average of 
the rates of interest on special issues of public debt obligations 
issued for purchase by the Medicare Part A Trust Fund for each of the 
months during the provider's reporting period or portion thereof covered 
under the program.
    (2) Rate of return for inpatient hospital services furnished by 
proprietary hospitals. The rate used in determining the return for 
inpatient hospital services is a percentage of the average of the rates 
of interest described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The 
percentages applicable to inpatient hospital services are as follows:
    (i) 150 percent for cost reporting periods beginning before April 
20, 1983.
    (ii) 100 percent for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
April 20, 1983 and before October 1, 1986.
    (iii) 75 percent for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1986 and before October 1, 1987.
    (iv) 50 percent for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1987 and before October 1, 1988.
    (v) 25 percent for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1988 and before October 1, 1989.
    (vi) Zero percent for cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1989.
    (3) Rate of return related to proprietary SNFs. (i) For cost 
reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1985, the rate used 
in determining the return for SNF services furnished before October 1, 
1993, is a percentage equal to the average of the rates of interest 
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (ii) There is no allowance for return for SNF services furnished on 
or after October 1, 1993.
    (4) Rate of return related to outpatient hospital services. (i) For 
cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1985, the rate 
used in determining the return for outpatient hospital services 
furnished before January 1, 1988 is a percentage equal to the average of 
the

[[Page 737]]

rates of interest described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (ii) There is no allowance for return for outpatient hospital 
services furnished on or after January 1, 1988.
    (5) Rate of return for proprietary services of all nonhospital and 
non-SNF providers. (i) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after 
October 1, 1985, but before July 6, 1987, the rate used in determining 
the return for services of all nonhospital and non-SNF providers is a 
percentage equal to the average of the rates of interest described in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (ii) For cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 6, 1987, 
there is no allowance for return on equity capital for nonhospital and 
non-SNF providers.
    (c) Application--(1) Computation of equity capital. For purposes of 
computing the allowable return, the provider's equity capital means--
    (i) The provider's investment in plant, property, and equipment 
related to patient care (net of depreciation) and funds deposited by a 
provider who leases plant, property, or equipment related to patient 
care and is required by the terms of the lease to deposit such funds 
(net of noncurrent debt related to such investment or deposited funds); 
and
    (ii) Net working capital maintained for necessary and proper 
operation of patient care activities. However, debt representing loans 
from partners, stockholders, or related organizations on which interest 
payments would be allowable as costs but for the provisions of Sec. 
413.153(b)(3)(ii), is not subtracted in computing the amount of equity 
capital in order that the proceeds from such loans be treated as part of 
the provider's equity capital. In computing the amount of equity capital 
upon which a return is allowable, investment in facilities is recognized 
on the basis of the historical cost, or other basis, used for 
depreciation and other purposes under Part A of Medicare.
    (2) Acquisitions after July 1970. With respect to a facility or any 
tangible assets of a facility acquired on or after August 1, 1970, the 
excess of the price paid for such facility or such tangible assets over 
the historical cost, as defined in Sec. 413.134(b), or the cost basis, 
as determined under Sec. 413.134(g) (whichever is appropriate), is not 
includable in equity capital, and loans made to finance such excess 
portion of the cost of such acquisitions (see Sec. 413.153(d)) are 
excluded in computing equity capital.
    (3) Acquisitions prior to August 1970. With respect to a facility or 
any tangible assets of a facility acquired before August 1970, the 
excess of the price paid for such facility or assets over the fair 
market value of tangible assets at the time of purchase is includable in 
equity capital to the extent that it is reasonable except that the 
cumulative allowable return for such excess may not exceed 100 percent 
of such excess. For purposes of this section, the cumulative allowable 
return means the sum of the allowable rate of return on equity capital 
for all months starting from August 1, 1970. For example, if the 
allowable rates of return on equity capital for a provider are 9 percent 
for the first year (and such year started August 1, 1970), 8.5 percent 
for the second year, and 10.5 percent for the third year, the cumulative 
allowable return at the end of the third year would be 28 percent. After 
the cumulative allowable return equals 100 percent, the inclusion in 
equity capital of the excess is no longer allowable.
    (4) Computation of return on equity capital. For purposes of 
computing the allowable return, the amount of equity capital is the 
average investment during the reporting period. The rate of return 
allowed, as derived from time to time based upon interest rates in 
accordance with this principle, is determined by CMS and communicated 
through intermediaries. Return on investment as an element of allowable 
costs is subject to apportionment in the same manner as other elements 
of allowable costs.

    Example of calculation of cumulative allowable return. X purchased a 
provider on July 1, 1969, paying $100,000 in excess f the fair market 
value of the assets acquired. Provider X files its cost report on a 
calendar-year basis. The allowable rate of return on equity capital for 
August 1, 1970-December 31, 1970 (4.538 percent), is obtained by 
multiplying the allowable rate of return for the period ending December 
31, 1970 (10.891) by \5/12\ (a fraction of which the numerator is the 
number of months from August 1, 1970, to the end of the cost-reporting 
period and the denominator is

[[Page 738]]

the number of months in the cost-reporting period). The cumulative 
allowable return for Provider X for the period August 1, 1970-December 
31, 1973, (32.367 percent) is computed as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Rate of
                                                               return on
                  Cost reporting year ending                     equity
                                                                capital
                                                               (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dec. 31, 1970................................................      4.538
Dec. 31, 1971................................................      8.969
Dec. 31, 1972................................................      8.891
Dec. 31, 1973................................................      9.969
                                                              ----------
      Total..................................................     32.367
------------------------------------------------------------------------


(The $100,000 paid in excess of the fair market value of the assets 
acquired is included in equity capital until the sum of the allowable 
rate of return on equity capital equals 100 percent. Of course, no 
portion of the $100,000 may be amortized as an allowable cost or is 
otherwise allowable for any program reimbursement purposes other than 
for determining the provider's equity capital.

[51 FR 34793, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 52 FR 21225, June 4, 1987; 
52 FR 23398, June 19, 1987; 52 FR 32921, Sept. 1, 1987; 53 FR 12017, 
Apr. 12, 1988; 57 FR 39830, Sept. 1, 1992; 59 FR 26960, May 25, 1994]



Subpart H_Payment for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Services and Organ 
                            Procurement Costs

    Source: 62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 413.170  Scope.

    This subpart implements sections 1881 (b)(2) and (b)(7) of the Act 
by--
    (a) Setting forth the principles and authorities under which CMS is 
authorized to establish a prospective payment system for outpatient 
maintenance dialysis furnished in or under the supervision of an ESRD 
facility approved under subpart U of part 405 of this chapter (referred 
to as ``facility'' in this section). For purposes of this section and 
Sec. 413.172 through Sec. 413.198, ``outpatient maintenance dialysis'' 
means outpatient dialysis, home dialysis, self-dialysis, and home 
dialysis training, as defined in Sec. 405.2102 (f)(2)(ii), (f)(2)(iii), 
and (f)(3) of this chapter, and includes all items and services 
specified in Sec. Sec. 410.50 and 410.52 of this chapter.
    (b) Providing procedures and criteria under which a pediatric ESRD 
facility (an ESRD facility with at least a 50 percent pediatric patient 
mix as specified in Sec. 413.184 of this subpart) may receive an 
exception to the prospective payment rates; and
    (c) Establishing procedures that a facility must follow to appeal 
its payment amount under the prospective payment system.

[62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, as amended at 70 FR 70330, Nov. 21, 2005]



Sec. 413.172  Principles of prospective payment.

    (a) Payments for outpatient maintenance dialysis are based on rates 
set prospectively by CMS.
    (b) All approved ESRD facilities must accept the prospective payment 
rates established by CMS as payment in full for covered outpatient 
maintenance dialysis.
    (c) CMS publishes the methodology used to establish payment rates 
and the changes specified in Sec. 413.196(b) in the Federal Register.



Sec. 413.174  Prospective rates for hospital-based and independent ESRD 
facilities.

    (a) Establishment of rates. CMS establishes prospective payment 
rates for ESRD facilities using a methodology that--
    (1) Differentiates between hospital-based facilities and independent 
ESRD facilities;
    (2) Effectively encourages efficient delivery of dialysis services; 
and
    (3) Provides incentives for increasing the use of home dialysis.
    (b) Determination of independent facility. For purposes of rate-
setting and payment under this section, CMS considers any facility that 
does not meet all of the criteria of a hospital-based facility to be an 
independent facility. A determination under this paragraph (b) is an 
initial determination under Sec. 498.3 of this chapter.
    (c) Determination of hospital-based facility. A determination under 
this paragraph (c) is an initial determination under Sec. 498.3 of this 
chapter. For purposes of rate-setting and payment under this section, 
CMS determines that a facility is hospital-based if the--

[[Page 739]]

    (1) Facility and hospital are subject to the bylaws and operating 
decisions of a common governing board. This governing board, which has 
final administrative responsibility, approves all personnel actions, 
appoints medical staff, and carries out similar management functions;
    (2) Facility's director or administrator is under the supervision of 
the hospital's chief executive officer and reports through him or her to 
the governing board;
    (3) Facility personnel policies and practices conform to those of 
the hospital;
    (4) Administrative functions of the facility (for example, records, 
billing, laundry, housekeeping, and purchasing) are integrated with 
those of the hospital; and
    (5) Facility and hospital are financially integrated, as evidenced 
by the cost report, which reflects allocation of overhead to the 
facility through the required step-down methodology.
    (d) Nondetermination of hospital-based facility. In determining 
whether a facility is hospital-based, CMS does not consider--
    (1) An agreement between a facility and a hospital concerning 
patient referral;
    (2) A shared service arrangement between a facility and a hospital; 
or
    (3) The physical location of a facility on the premises of a 
hospital.
    (e) Add-on amounts. If all the physicians furnishing services to 
patients in an ESRD facility elect the initial method of payment (as 
described in Sec. 414.313(c) of this chapter), the prospective rate (as 
described in paragraph (a) of this section) paid to that facility is 
increased by an add-on amount as described in Sec. 414.313.
    (f) Additional payment for separately billable drugs. CMS makes an 
additional payment for certain drugs furnished to ESRD patients by a 
Medicare-approved ESRD facility. CMS makes this payment directly to the 
ESRD facility. Payment for these drugs is made--
    (1) Only on an assignment basis, directly to the facility which must 
accept, as payment in full, the amount that CMS determines;
    (2) Subject to the Part B deductible and coinsurance;
    (3) Effective January 1, 2006, to hospital-based ESRD facilities in 
accordance with the methodology specified in Sec. 414.904 of this 
subchapter.
    (4) To independent ESRD facilities in accordance with the 
methodology specified in Sec. 405.517 of this subchapter.

[62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, as amended at 70 FR 70330, Nov. 21, 2005]



Sec. 413.176  Amount of payments.

    (a) If the beneficiary has incurred the full deductible applicable 
under Part B of Medicare before the dialysis treatment, the intermediary 
pays the facility 80 percent of its prospective payment rate.
    (b) If the beneficiary has not incurred the full deductible 
applicable under Part B of Medicare before the dialysis treatment, the 
intermediary subtracts the amount applicable to the deductible from the 
facility's prospective rate and pays the facility 80 percent of the 
remainder, if any.



Sec. 413.178  Bad debts.

    (a) CMS will reimburse each facility its allowable Medicare bad 
debts, as defined in Sec. 413.89(b), up to the facility's costs, as 
determined under Medicare principles, in a single lump sum payment at 
the end of the facility's cost reporting period.
    (b) A facility must attempt to collect deductible and coinsurance 
amounts owed by beneficiaries before requesting reimbursement from CMS 
for uncollectible amounts. Section 413.89 specifies the collection 
efforts facilities must make.
    (c) A facility must request payment for uncollectible deductible and 
coinsurance amounts owed by beneficiaries by submitting an itemized list 
that specifically enumerates all uncollectable amounts related to 
covered services under the composite rate.

[62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, as amended at 70 FR 47489, Aug. 12, 2005



Sec. 413.180  Procedures for requesting exceptions to payment rates.

    (a) Outpatient maintenance dialysis payments. All payments for 
outpatient maintenance dialysis furnished at or by facilities are made 
on the basis of prospective payment rates.

[[Page 740]]

    (b) Criteria for requesting an exception. If a pediatric ESRD 
facility projects on the basis of prior year costs and utilization 
trends that it has an allowable cost per treatment higher than its 
prospective rate set under Sec. 413.174, and if these excess costs are 
attributable to one or more of the factors in Sec. 413.182, the 
facility may request, in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section, 
that CMS approve an exception to that rate and set a higher prospective 
payment rate.
    (c) Application of deductible and coinsurance. The higher payment 
rate is subject to the application of deductible and coinsurance in 
accordance with Sec. 413.176.
    (d) Payment rate exception request. Effective October 1, 2002, CMS 
may approve exceptions to a pediatric ESRD facility's updated 
prospective payment rate, if the pediatric ESRD facility did not have an 
approved exception rate as of October 1, 2002. A pediatric ESRD facility 
may request an exception to its payment rate at any time after it is in 
operation for at least 12 consecutive months.
    (e) Documentation for a payment rate exception request. If the 
facility is requesting an exception to its payment rate, it must submit 
to CMS its most recently completed cost report as required under Sec. 
413.198 and whatever statistics, data, and budgetary projections as 
determined by CMS to be needed to adjudicate each type of exception. CMS 
may audit any cost report or other information submitted. The materials 
submitted to CMS must--
    (1) Separately identify elements of cost contributing to costs per 
treatment in excess of the facility's payment rate;
    (2) Show that the facility's costs, including those costs that are 
not directly attributable to the exception criteria, are allowable and 
reasonable under the reasonable cost principles set forth in this part;
    (3) Show that the elements of excessive cost are specifically 
attributable to one or more conditions specified in Sec. 413.182;
    (4) Specify the amount of additional payment per treatment the 
facility believes is required for it to recover its justifiable excess 
costs; and
    (5) Specify that the facility has compared its most recently 
completed cost report with cost reports from (at least 2) prior years. 
The facility must explain any material statistical data or cost changes, 
or both, and include an explanation with the documentation supporting 
the exception request.
    (f) Completion of requirements and criteria. The facility must 
demonstrate to CMS's satisfaction that the requirements of this section 
and the criteria in Sec. 413.182 are fully met. The burden of proof is 
on the facility to show that one or more of the criteria are met and 
that the excessive costs are justifiable under the reasonable cost 
principles set forth in this part.
    (g) Approval of an exception request. An exception request is deemed 
approved unless it is disapproved within 60 working days after it is 
filed with its intermediary.
    (h) Determination of an exception request. In determining the 
facility's payment rate under the exception process, CMS excludes all 
costs that are not reasonable or allowable under the reasonable cost 
principles set forth in this part.
    (i) Period of approval: Payment exception request. A prospective 
exception payment rate approved by CMS applies for the period from the 
date the complete exception request was filed with its intermediary 
until 30 days after the intermediary's receipt of the facility's letter 
notifying the intermediary of the facility's request to give up its 
exception rate and be subject to the basic case-mix adjusted composite 
payment rate methodology. ESRD facilities electing to retain their 
nonpediatric or pediatric exception rates (including self-dialysis 
training) do not need to notify their intermediaries. Once a facility 
notifies its fiscal intermediary in writing that it cannot retain its 
current exception rate, that decision cannot be subsequently reversed.
    (j) Denial of an exception request. CMS denies exception requests 
submitted without the documentation specified in Sec. 413.182 and the 
applicable regulations cited there.
    (k) Criteria for refiling a denied exception request. A pediatric 
ESRD facility that was denied an exception request

[[Page 741]]

may immediately file another exception request. Any subsequent exception 
request must address and document the issues cited in CMS' denial 
letter.

[62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, as amended at 70 FR 70331, Nov. 21, 2005]



Sec. 413.182  Criteria for approval of exception requests.

    (a) CMS may approve exceptions to a pediatric ESRD facility's 
prospective payment rate if the pediatric ESRD facility did not have an 
approved exception rate as of October 1, 2002.
    (b) The pediatric ESRD facility must demonstrate, by convincing 
objective evidence, that its total per treatment costs are reasonable 
and allowable under the relevant cost reimbursement principles of part 
413 and that its per treatment costs in excess of its payment rate are 
directly attributable to any of the following criteria:
    (1) Pediatric patient mix, as specified in Sec. 413.184.
    (2) Self-dialysis training costs in pediatric facilities, as 
specified in Sec. 413.186.

[70 FR 70331, Nov. 21, 2005]



Sec. 413.184  Payment exception: Atypical service intensity (patient mix).

    (a) Qualifications. To qualify for an exception to its prospective 
payment rate based on its pediatric patient mix a facility must 
demonstrate that--
    (1) At least 50 percent of its patients are individuals under 18 
years of age;
    (2) Its nursing personnel costs are allocated properly between each 
mode of care;
    (3) The additional nursing hours per treatment are not the result of 
an excess number of employees;
    (4) Its pediatric patients require a significantly higher staff-to-
patient ratio than typical adult patients; and
    (5) These services, procedures, or supplies and their per treatment 
costs are clearly prudent and reasonable when compared to those of 
pediatric facilities with a similar patient mix.
    (b) Documentation. (1) A pediatric ESRD facility must submit a 
listing of all outpatient dialysis patients (including all home 
patients) treated during the most recently completed and filed cost 
report (in accordance with cost reporting requirements under Sec. 
413.198) showing--
    (i) Age of patients and percentage of patients under the age of 18;
    (ii) Individual patient diagnosis;
    (iii) Home patients and ages;
    (iv) In-facility patients, staff-assisted, or self-dialysis;
    (v) Diabetic patients; and
    (vi) Patients isolated because of contagious disease.
    (2) The facility also must--
    (i) Submit documentation on costs of nursing personnel (registered 
nurses, licensed practical nurses, technicians, and aides) incurred 
during the most recently completed fiscal year cost report showing--
    (A) Amount each employee was paid;
    (B) Number of personnel;
    (C) Amount of time spent in the dialysis unit; and
    (D) Staff-to-patient ratio based on total hours, with an analysis of 
productive and nonproductive hours.
    (ii) Submit documentation on supply costs incurred during the most 
recently completed fiscal or calendar year cost report showing--
    (A) By modality, a complete list of supplies used routinely in a 
dialysis treatment;
    (B) The make and model number of each dialyzer and its component 
cost; and
    (C) That supplies are prudently purchased (for example, that bulk 
discounts are used when available).
    (iii) Submit documentation on overhead costs incurred during the 
most recently completed fiscal or calendar year cost reporting year 
showing--
    (A) The basis of the higher overhead costs;
    (B) The impact on the specific cost components; and
    (C) The effect on per treatment costs.

[62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, as amended at 70 FR 70331, Nov. 21, 2005]



Sec. 413.186  Payment exception: Self-dialysis training costs in pediatric 
facilities.

    (a) Qualification. To qualify for an exception to the prospective 
payment rate based on self-dialysis training costs, the pediatric ESRD 
facility must establish that it incurs per treatment costs for 
furnishing self-dialysis and

[[Page 742]]

home dialysis training that exceed the facility's payment rate for the 
training sessions.
    (b) Justification. To justify its exception request, a facility 
must--
    (1) Separately identify those elements contributing to its costs in 
excess of the composite training rate; and
    (2) Demonstrate that its per treatment costs are reasonable and 
allowable.
    (c) Criteria for determining proper cost reporting. CMS considers 
the pediatric ESRD facility's total costs, cost finding and 
apportionment, including its allocation of costs, to determine if costs 
are properly reported by treatment modality.
    (d) Limitation of exception requests. Exception requests for a 
higher training rate are limited to those cost components relating to 
training such as technical staff, medical supplies, and the special 
costs of education (manuals and education materials). These requests may 
include overhead and other indirect costs to the extent that these costs 
are directly attributable to the additional training costs.
    (e) Documentation. The pediatric ESRD facility must provide the 
following information to support its exception request:
    (1) A copy of the facility's training program.
    (2) Computation of the facility's cost per treatment for maintenance 
sessions and training sessions including an explanation of the cost 
difference between the two modalities.
    (3) Class size and patients' training schedules.
    (4) Number of training sessions required, by treatment modality, to 
train patients.
    (5) Number of patients trained for the current year and the prior 2 
years on a monthly basis.
    (6) Projection for the next 12 months of future training candidates.
    (7) The number and qualifications of staff at training sessions.
    (f) Accelerated training exception. (1) A pediatric ESRD facility 
may bill Medicare for a dialysis training session only when a patient 
receives a dialysis treatment (normally 3 times a week for 
hemodialysis). Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and 
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are daily treatment 
modalities; ESRD facilities are paid the equivalent of three 
hemodialysis treatments for each week that CCPD and CAPD treatments are 
provided.
    (2) If a pediatric ESRD facility elects to train all its patients 
using a particular treatment modality more often than during each 
dialysis treatment and, as a result, the number of billable training 
dialysis sessions is less than the number of actual training sessions, 
the facility may request a composite rate exception, limited to the 
lesser of the--
    (i) Facility's projected training cost per treatment; or
    (ii) Cost per treatment the facility receives in training a patient 
if it had trained patients only during a dialysis treatment, that is, 
three times per week.
    (3) An ESRD facility may bill a maximum of 25 training sessions per 
patient for hemodialysis training and 15 sessions for CCPD and CAPD 
training.
    (4) In computing the payment amount under an accelerated training 
exception, CMS uses a minimum number of training sessions per patient 
(15 for hemodialysis and 5 for CAPD and CCPD) when the facility actually 
provides fewer than the minimum number of training sessions.
    (5) To justify an accelerated training exception request, an ESRD 
facility must document that a significant number of training sessions 
for a particular modality are provided during a shorter but more 
condensed period.
    (6) The facility must submit with the exception request a list of 
patients, by modality, trained during the most recent cost report 
period. The list must include each beneficiary's--
    (i) Name;
    (ii) Age; and
    (iii) Training status (completed, not completed, being retrained, or 
in the process of being trained).
    (7) The total treatments from the patient list must be the same as 
the total treatments reported on the cost report filed with the request.

[70 FR 70331, Nov. 21, 2005]

[[Page 743]]



Sec. 413.194  Appeals.

    (a) Appeals under section 1878 of the Act. (1) A facility that 
disputes the amount of its allowable Medicare bad debts reimbursed by 
CMS under Sec. 413.178 may request review by the intermediary or the 
Provider Reimbursement Review Board (PRRB) in accordance with subpart R 
of part 405 of this chapter.
    (2) A facility must request and obtain a final agency decision prior 
to seeking judicial review of a dispute regarding the amount of 
allowable Medicare bad debts.
    (b) Other appeals. (1) A facility that has requested higher payment 
per treatment in accordance with Sec. 413.180 may request review from 
the intermediary or the PRRB if CMS has denied the request in whole or 
in part. In such a case, the procedure in subpart R of part 405 of this 
chapter is followed to the extent that it is applicable.
    (2) The PRRB has the authority to review the action taken by CMS on 
the facility's requests. However, the PRRB's decision is subject to 
review by the Administrator under Sec. 405.1875 of this chapter.
    (3) A facility must request and obtain a final agency decision, in 
accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, prior to seeking 
judicial review of the denial, in whole or in part, of the exception 
request.
    (c) Procedure. (1) The facility must request review within 180 days 
of the date of the decision on which review is sought.
    (2) The facility may not submit to the reviewing entity, whether it 
is the intermediary or the PRRB, any additional information or cost data 
that had not been submitted to CMS at the time CMS evaluated the 
exception request.
    (d) Determining amount in controversy. For purposes of determining 
PRRB jurisdiction under subpart R of part 405 of this chapter for the 
appeals described in paragraph (b) of this section--
    (1) The amount in controversy per treatment is determined by 
subtracting the amount of program payment from the amount the facility 
requested under Sec. 413.180; and
    (2) The total amount in controversy is calculated by multiplying the 
amount in controversy per treatment by the projected number of 
treatments for the exception request period.



Sec. 413.196  Notification of changes in rate-setting methodologies and 
payment rates.

    (a) CMS or the facility's intermediary notifies each facility of 
changes in its payment rate. This notice includes changes in individual 
facility payment rates resulting from corrections or revisions of 
particular geographic labor cost adjustment factors.
    (b) Changes in payment rates resulting from incorporation of updated 
cost data or general revisions of geographic labor cost adjustment 
factors are announced by notice published in the Federal Register 
without opportunity for prior comment. Revisions of the rate-setting 
methodology are published in the Federal Register in accordance with the 
Department's established rulemaking procedures.



Sec. 413.198  Recordkeeping and cost reporting requirements for outpatient 
maintenance dialysis.

    (a) Purpose and Scope. This section implements section 
1881(b)(2)(B)(i) of the Act by specifying recordkeeping and cost 
reporting requirements for ESRD facilities approved under subpart U of 
part 405 of this chapter. The records and reports will enable CMS to 
determine the costs incurred in furnishing outpatient maintenance 
dialysis as defined in Sec. 413.170(a).
    (b) Recordkeeping and reporting requirements. (1) Each facility must 
keep adequate records and submit the appropriate CMS-approved cost 
report in accordance with Sec. Sec. 413.20 and 413.24, which provide 
rules on financial data and reports, and adequate cost data and cost 
finding, respectively.
    (2) The cost reimbursement principles set forth in this part 
(beginning with Sec. 413.134, Depreciation, and excluding the 
principles listed in paragraph

[[Page 744]]

(b)(4) of this section), apply in the determination and reporting of the 
allowable cost incurred in furnishing outpatient maintenance dialysis 
treatments to patients dialyzing in the facility, or incurred by the 
facility in furnishing home dialysis service, supplies, and equipment.
    (3) Allowable cost is the reasonable cost related to dialysis 
treatments. Reasonable cost includes all necessary and proper expenses 
incurred by the facility in furnishing the dialysis treatments, such as 
administrative costs, maintenance costs, and premium payments for 
employee health and pension plans. It includes both direct and indirect 
costs and normal standby costs. Reasonable cost does not include costs 
that--
    (i) Are not related to patient care for outpatient maintenance 
dialysis;
    (ii) Are for services or items specifically not reimbursable under 
the program;
    (iii) Flow from the provision of luxury items or servicess (items or 
services substantially in excess of or more expensive than those 
generally considered necessary for the provision of needed health 
services); or
    (iv) Are found to be substantially out of line with other 
institutions in the same area that are similar in size, scope of 
services, utilization, and other relevant factors.
    (4) The following principles of this part do not apply in 
determining adjustments to allowable costs as reported by ESRD 
facilities:
    (i) Section 413.157, Return on equity capital of proprietary 
providers;
    (ii) Section 413.200, Reimbursement of OPAs and histocompatibility 
laboratories;
    (iii) Section 413.9, Cost related to patient care (except for the 
principles stated in paragraph (b)(3) of this section); and
    (iv) Sections 413.64, Payments to providers, and Sec. Sec. 413.13, 
413.30, 413.35, 413.40, 413.74, and Sec. Sec. 415.55 through 415.70, 
Sec. 415.162, and Sec. 415.164 of this chapter, Principles of 
reimbursement for services by hospital-based physicians.



Sec. 413.200  Payment of independent organ procurement organizations and 
histocompatibility laboratories.

    (a) Principle. Covered services furnished after September 30, 1978 
by organ procurement organizations (OPOs) and histocompatibility 
laboratories in connection with kidney acquisition and transplantation 
will be reimbursed under the principles for determining reasonable cost 
contained in this part. Services furnished by freestanding OPOs and 
histocompatibility laboratories, that have an agreement with the 
Secretary in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, will be 
reimbursed by making an interim payment to the transplant hospitals 
using these services and by making a retroactive adjustment, directly 
with the OPO or laboratory, based upon a cost report filed by the OPO or 
laboratory. (The reasonable costs of services furnished by hospital 
based OPOs or laboratories will be reimbursed in accordance with the 
principles contained in Sec. Sec. 413.60 and 413.64.)
    (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
    Freestanding refers to an OPO or a histocompatibility laboratory 
that is not--
    (1) Subject to the control of the hospital with respect to the 
hiring, firing, training, and paying of employees; and
    (2) Considered as a department of the hospital for insurance 
purposes (including malpractice insurance, general liability insurance, 
worker's compensation insurance, and employee retirement insurance).
    Histocompatibility laboratory means a laboratory meeting the 
standards and providing the services for kidneys or other organs set 
forth in Sec. 413.2171(d) of this chapter.
    OPO means an organization defined in Sec. 486.302 of this chapter.
    (c) Agreements with independent OPOs and laboratories. (1) Any 
freestanding OPO or histocompatibility laboratory that wishes to have 
the cost of its pretransplant services reimbursed under the Medicare 
program must file an agreement with CMS under which the OPO or 
laboratory agrees--
    (i) To file a cost report in accordance with Sec. 413.24(f) within 
three months after the end of each fiscal year;

[[Page 745]]

    (ii) To permit CMS to designate an intermediary to determine the 
interim reimbursement rate payable to the transplant hospitals for 
services provided by the OPO or laboratory and to make a determination 
of reasonable cost based upon the cost report filed by the OPO or 
laboratory;
    (iii) To provide such budget or cost projection information as may 
be required to establish an initial interim reimbursement rate;
    (iv) To pay to CMS amounts that have been paid by CMS to transplant 
hospitals and that are determined to be in excess of the reasonable cost 
of the services provided by the OPO or laboratory; and
    (v) Not to charge any individual for items or services for which 
that individual is entitled to have payment made under section 1861 of 
the Act.
    (2) The initial cost report due from an OPO or laboratory is for its 
first fiscal year during any portion of which it had an agreement with 
the Secretary under paragraphs (c) (1) and (2) of this section. The 
initial cost report covers only the period covered by the agreement.
    (d) Interim reimbursement. (1) Hospitals eligible to receive 
Medicare reimbursement for renal transplantation will be paid for the 
pretransplantation services of a freestanding OPO or histocompatibility 
laboratory that has an agreement with the Secretary under paragraph (c) 
of this section, on the basis of an interim rate established by an 
intermediary for that OPO or laboratory.
    (2) The interim rate will be based on the average cost per service 
incurred by an OPO or laboratory, during its previous fiscal year, 
associated with procuring a kidney for transplantation. This interim 
rate may be adjusted if necessary for anticipated cost changes. If there 
is not adequate cost data to determine the initial interim rate, it will 
be determined according to the OPO's or laboratory's estimate of its 
projected costs for the fiscal year.
    (3) Payments made on the basis of the interim rate will be 
reconciled directly with the OPO or laboratory after the close of its 
fiscal year, in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section.
    (4) Information on the interim rate for all freestanding OPOs and 
histocompatibility laboratories shall be disseminated to all transplant 
hospitals and intermediaries.
    (e) Retroactive adjustment--(1) Cost reports. Information provided 
in cost reports by freestanding OPOs and histocompatibility laboratories 
must meet the requirements for cost data and cost finding specified in 
paragraphs (a) through (e) of Sec. 413.24. These cost reports must 
provide a complete accounting of the cost incurred by the agency or 
laboratory in providing covered services, the total number of Medicare 
beneficiaries who received those services, and any other data necessary 
to enable the intermediary to make a determination of the reasonable 
cost of covered services provided to Medicare beneficiaries.
    (2) Audit and adjustment. A cost report submitted by a freestanding 
OPO or histocompatibility laboratory will be reviewed by the 
intermediary and a new interim reimbursement rate for the succeeding 
fiscal year will be established based upon this review. A retroactive 
adjustment in the amount paid under the interim rate will be made in 
accordance with Sec. 413.64(f). If the determination of reasonable cost 
reveals an overpayment or underpayment resulting from the interim 
reimbursement rate paid to transplant hospitals, a lump sum adjustment 
will be made directly between that intermediary and the OPO or 
laboratory.
    (f) For services furnished on or after April 1, 1988, no payment may 
be made for services furnished by an OPO that does not meet the 
requirements of part 486, subpart G of this chapter.
    (g) Appeals. Any OPO or histocompatibility laboratory that disagrees 
with an intermediary's cost determination under this section is entitled 
to an intermediary hearing, in accordance with the procedures contained 
in Sec. Sec. 405.1811 through 405.1833, if the amount in controversy is 
$1,000 or more.

[62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 31046, May 31, 2006]

[[Page 746]]



Sec. 413.202  Organ procurement organization (OPO) cost for kidneys sent to 

foreign countries or transplanted in patients other than Medicare 

beneficiaries.

    An OPO's total costs for all kidneys is reduced by the costs 
associated with procuring kidneys sent to foreign transplant centers or 
transplanted in patients other than Medicare beneficiaries. OPOs, as 
defined in Sec. 486.302 of this chapter, must separate costs for 
procuring kidneys that are sent to foreign transplant centers and 
kidneys transplanted in patients other than Medicare beneficiaries from 
Medicare allowable costs prior to final settlement by the Medicare 
fiscal intermediaries. Medicare costs are based on the ratio of the 
number of usable kidneys transplanted into Medicare beneficiaries to the 
total number of usable kidneys applied to reasonable costs. Certain 
long-standing arrangements that existed before March 3, 1988 (for 
example, an OPO that procures kidneys at a military transplant hospital 
for transplant at that hospital), will be deemed to be Medicare kidneys 
for cost reporting statistical purposes. The OPO must submit a request 
to the fiscal intermediary for review and approval of these 
arrangements.

[62 FR 43668, Aug. 15, 1997, as amended at 71 FR 31046, May 31, 2006]



Sec. 413.203  Transplant center costs for organs sent to foreign countries or 

transplanted in patients other than Medicare beneficiaries.

    (a) A transplant center's total costs for all organs is reduced by 
the costs associated with procuring organs sent to foreign transplant 
centers or transplanted in patients other than Medicare beneficiaries. 
Organs are defined in Sec. 486.302 (only covered organs will be paid 
for on a reasonable cost basis).
    (b) Transplant center hospitals must separate costs for procuring 
organs that are sent to foreign transplant centers and organs 
transplanted in patients other than Medicare beneficiaries from Medicare 
allowable costs prior to final cost settlement by the Medicare fiscal 
intermediaries.
    (c) Medicare costs are based on the ratio of the number of usable 
organs transplanted into Medicare beneficiaries to the total number of 
usable organs applied to reasonable costs.



Subpart I_Prospectively Determined Payment Rates for Low-Volume Skilled 
 Nursing Facilities, for Cost Reporting Periods Beginning Prior to July 
                                 1, 1998

    Source: 60 FR 37594, July 21, 1995, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 413.300  Basis and scope.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements section 1888(d) of the Act, which 
provides for optional prospectively determined payment rates for 
qualified SNFs.
    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth the eligibility criteria an SNF 
must meet to qualify, the process governing election of prospectively 
determined payment rates, and the basis and methodology for determining 
prospectively determined payment rates.



Sec. 413.302  Definitions.

    For purposes of this subpart--
    Area wage level means the average wage per hour for all 
classifications of employees as reported by health care facilities 
within a specified area.
    Census region means one of the 9 census divisions, comprising the 50 
States and the District of Columbia, established by the Bureau of the 
Census for statistical and reporting purposes.
    Routine capital-related costs means the capital-related costs, 
allowable for Medicare purposes (as described in Subpart G of this 
Part), that are allocated to the SNF participating inpatient routine 
service cost center as reported on the Medicare cost report.
    Routine operating costs means the cost of regular room, dietary, and 
nursing services, and minor medical and surgical supplies for which a 
separate charge is not customarily made. It does not include the costs 
of ancillary services, capital-related costs, or, where appropriate, 
return on equity.
    Rural area means any area outside an urban area in a census region.
    Urban area means--
    (1) Prior to October 1, 2004, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), 
or New

[[Page 747]]

England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA), as defined by the Office of 
Management and Budget, or a New England county deemed to be an urban 
area as listed in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(ii)(B) of this chapter.
    (2) Effective October 1, 2004, a Metropolitan Statistical Area 
(MSA), as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, or a New 
England county deemed to be an urban area as specified under Sec. 
412.64.

[60 FR 37594, July 21, 1995, as amended at 69 FR 49265, Aug. 11, 2004]



Sec. 413.304  Eligibility for prospectively determined payment rates.

    (a) General rule. An SNF is eligible to receive a prospectively 
determined payment rate for a cost reporting period if it had fewer than 
1,500 Medicare covered inpatient days as reported on a Medicare cost 
report in its immediately preceding cost reporting period. This 
criterion applies even if the SNF received a prospectively determined 
payment rate during the preceding cost reporting period.
    (b) Less than a full cost reporting period. If the cost reporting 
period that precedes an SNF's request for prospectively determined 
payment is not a full cost reporting period, the SNF is eligible to 
receive prospectively determined payment rates only if the average daily 
Medicare census for the period (Medicare inpatient days divided by the 
total number of days in the cost reporting period) is not greater than 
4.1.
    (c) Newly-participating SNFs. An SNF is eligible to receive 
prospectively determined payment rates for its first cost reporting 
period for which it is approved to participate in Medicare.



Sec. 413.308  Rules governing election of prospectively determined payment 

rates.

    (a) Requirements. An SNF must notify its intermediary at least 30 
calendar days before the beginning of the cost reporting period for 
which it requests to receive such payment that it elects prospectively 
determined payment rates. A separate request must be made for each cost 
reporting period for which an SNF seeks prospectively determined 
payment. A newly participating SNF with no preceding cost reporting 
period must make its election within 30 days of its notification of 
approval to participate in Medicare.
    (b) Intermediary notice. After evaluating an SNF's request for 
prospectively determined payment rates, the intermediary notifies the 
SNF in writing as to whether the SNF meets any of the eligibility 
criteria described in Sec. 413.304 and the timely election requirements 
under Sec. 413.308(a). The intermediary must notify the SNF of its 
initial and final determinations within 10 working days after it 
receives all the data necessary to make each determination. The 
intermediary's determination is limited to one cost reporting period.
    (c) Prohibition against revocation. An SNF may not revoke its 
request after it has received the initial determination of eligibility 
from the intermediary and the cost reporting period has begun.
    (d) Revocation by intermediary. If an SNF is given tentative 
approval to receive a prospectively determined payment rate, and, after 
the start of the applicable cost reporting period, the intermediary 
determines that the SNF does not meet the eligibility criteria, the 
intermediary must revoke the prospectively determined payment option.



Sec. 413.310  Basis of payment.

    (a) Method of payment. Under the prospectively determined payment 
rate system, a qualified SNF receives a per diem payment of a 
predetermined rate for inpatient services furnished to Medicare 
beneficiaries. Each SNF's routine per diem payment rate is determined 
according to the methodology described in Sec. 413.312 and is based on 
various components of SNF costs.
    (b) Payment in full. The payment rate represents payment in full for 
routine services as described in Sec. 413.314 (subject to applicable 
coinsurance as described in Subpart G of Part 409 of this title), and 
for routine capital costs. Payment is made in lieu of payment on a 
reasonable cost basis for routine services and for routine capital 
costs.

[[Page 748]]



Sec. 413.312  Methodology for calculating rates.

    (a) Data used. (1) To calculate the prospectively determined payment 
rates, CMS uses:
    (i) The SNF cost data that were used to develop the applicable 
routine service cost limits;
    (ii) A wage index to adjust for area wage differences; and
    (iii) The most recent projections of increases in the costs from the 
SNF market basket index.
    (2) In the annual schedule of rates published in the Federal 
Register under the authority of Sec. 413.320, CMS announces the wage 
index and the annual percentage increases in the market basket used in 
the calculation of the rates.
    (b) Calculation of per diem rate--(1) Routine operating component of 
rate--(i) Adjusting cost report data. The SNF market basket index is 
used to adjust the routine operating cost from the SNF cost report to 
reflect cost increases occurring between cost reporting periods 
represented in the data collected and the midpoint of the initial cost 
reporting period to which the payment rates apply.
    (ii) Calculating a per diem cost. For each SNF, an adjusted routine 
operating per diem cost is computed by dividing the adjusted routine 
operating cost (see paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section) by the SNF's 
total patient days.
    (iii) Adjusting for wage levels. (A) The SNF's adjusted per diem 
routine operating cost calculated under paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this 
section is then divided into labor-related and nonlabor-related 
portions.
    (B) The labor-related portion is obtained by multiplying the SNF's 
adjusted per diem routine operating cost by a percentage that represents 
the labor-related portion of cost from the market basket. This 
percentage is published when the revised rates are published as 
described in Sec. 413.320.
    (C) The labor-related portion of each SNF's per diem cost is divided 
by the wage index applicable to the SNF's geographic location to arrive 
at the adjusted labor-related portion of routine cost.
    (iv) Group means. SNFs are grouped by urban or rural location by 
census region. Separate means of adjusted labor-related and nonlabor 
routine operating costs for each SNF group are established in accordance 
with the SNF's region and urban or rural location. For each group, the 
mean labor-related and mean nonlabor-related per diem routine operating 
costs are multiplied by 105 percent.
    (2) Computation of routine capital-related cost. (i) The SNF routine 
capital-related cost for both direct and indirect capital costs 
allocated to routine services, as reported on the Medicare cost report, 
is obtained for each SNF in the data base.
    (ii) For each SNF, the per diem capital-related cost is calculated 
by dividing the SNF's routine capital costs by its inpatient days.
    (iii) SNFs are grouped by urban and rural location by census region, 
and mean per diem routine capital-related cost is determined for each 
group.
    (iv) Each group mean per diem capital-related cost is multiplied by 
105 percent.
    (3) Computation of return on owner's equity for services furnished 
before October 1, 1993. (i) Each proprietary SNF's Medicare return on 
equity is obtained from its cost report and the portion attributable to 
the routine service cost is determined as described in Sec. 413.157.
    (ii) For each proprietary SNF, per diem return on equity is 
calculated by dividing the routine cost related return on equity 
determined under paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section by the SNF's total 
Medicare inpatient days.
    (iii) Separate group means are computed for per diem return on 
equity of proprietary SNFs, based on regional and urban or rural 
classification.
    (iv) Each group mean is multiplied by 105 percent.



Sec. 413.314  Determining payment amounts: Routine per diem rate.

    (a) General rule. An SNF that elects to be paid under the 
prospectively determined payment rate system, and qualifies for such 
payment, is paid a per diem rate for inpatient routine services. This 
rate is adjusted to reflect area wage differences and the cost reporting 
period beginning date (if necessary) and is subject to the limitation

[[Page 749]]

specified in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) Per diem rate. The prospectively determined payment rate for 
each urban and rural area in each census region is comprised of the 
following:
    (1) A routine operating component, which is divided into:
    (i) A labor-related portion adjusted by the appropriate wage index; 
and
    (ii) A nonlabor-related portion.
    (2) A routine capital-related cost portion.
    (3) For proprietary SNFs only, a portion that is based on the return 
on owner's equity related to routine cost, applicable only for services 
furnished before October 1, 1993.
    (c) Adjustment for cost reporting period. (1) If a facility has a 
cost reporting period beginning after the beginning of the Federal 
fiscal year, the intermediary increases the labor-related and nonlabor-
related portions of the prospective payment rate that would otherwise 
apply to the SNF by an adjustment factor. Each factor represents the 
projected increase in the market basket index for a specific 12-month 
period. The factors are used to account for inflation in costs for cost 
reporting periods beginning after October 1. Adjustment factors are 
published in the annual notice of prospectively determined payment rates 
described in Sec. 413.320.
    (2) If a facility uses a cost reporting period that is not 12 months 
in duration, the intermediary must obtain a special adjustment factor 
from CMS for the specific period.
    (d) Limitation of prospectively determined payment rate. The per 
diem prospectively determined payment rate for an SNF, excluding 
capital-related costs and excluding return on equity for services 
furnished prior to October 1, 1993, may not exceed the individual SNF's 
routine service cost limit. Under Sec. 413.30, the routine service cost 
limit is the limit determined without regard to exemptions, exceptions, 
or retroactive adjustments, and is the actual limit in effect when the 
provider elects to be paid a prospectively determined payment rate.



Sec. 413.316  Determining payment amounts: Ancillary services.

    Ancillary services are paid on the basis of reasonable cost in 
accordance with section 1861(v)(1) of the Act and Sec. 413.53.



Sec. 413.320  Publication of prospectively determined payment rates or 
amounts.

    At least 90 days before the beginning of a Federal fiscal year to 
which revised prospectively determined payment rates are to be applied, 
CMS publishes a notice in the Federal Register:
    (a) Establishing the prospectively determined payment rates for 
routine services; and
    (b) Explaining the basis on which the prospectively determined 
payment rates are calculated.



Sec. 413.321  Simplified cost report for SNFs.

    SNFs electing to be paid under the prospectively determined payment 
rate system may file a simplified cost report. The cost report contains 
a simplified method of cost finding to be used in lieu of cost methods 
described in Sec. 413.24(d). This method is specified in the 
instructions for Form CMS-2540S, contained in sections 3000-3027.3 of 
Part 2 of the Provider Reimbursement Manual. This form may not be used 
by hospital-based SNFs or SNFs that are part of a health care complex. 
Those SNFs must file a cost report that reflects the shared services and 
administrative costs of the hospital and any other related facilities in 
the health care complex.



      Subpart J_Prospective Payment for Skilled Nursing Facilities

    Source: 63 FR 26309, May 12, 1998, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 413.330  Basis and scope.

    (a) Basis. This subpart implements section 1888(e) of the Act, which 
provides for the implementation of a prospective payment system for SNFs 
for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1998.

[[Page 750]]

    (b) Scope. This subpart sets forth the framework for the prospective 
payment system for SNFs, including the methodology used for the 
development of payment rates and associated adjustments, the application 
of a transition phase, and related rules.



Sec. 413.333  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart--
    Case-mix index means a scale that measures the relative difference 
in resource intensity among different groups in the resident 
classification system.
    Market basket index means an index that reflects changes over time 
in the prices of an appropriate mix of goods and services included in 
covered skilled nursing services.
    Resident classification system means a system for classifying SNF 
residents into mutually exclusive groups based on clinical, functional, 
and resource-based criteria. For purposes of this subpart, this term 
refers to the current version of the Resource Utilization Groups, as set 
forth in the annual publication of Federal prospective payment rates 
described in Sec. 413.345.
    Rural area means any area outside of an urban area.
    Urban area means a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) or New 
England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA), as defined by the Office of 
Management and Budget, or a New England county deemed to be an urban 
area, as listed in Sec. 412.62(f)(1)(ii)(B) of this chapter.

[63 FR 26309, May 12, 1998; 63 FR 53307, Oct. 5, 1998]



Sec. 413.335  Basis of payment.

    (a) Method of payment. Under the prospective payment system, SNFs 
receive a per diem payment of a predetermined rate for inpatient 
services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries. The per diem payments are 
made on the basis of the Federal payment rate described in Sec. 413.337 
and, during a transition period, on the basis of a blend of the Federal 
rate and the facility-specific rate described in Sec. 413.340. These 
per diem payment rates are determined according to the methodology 
described in Sec. 413.337 and Sec. 413.340.
    (b) Payment in full. The payment rates represent payment in full 
(subject to applicable coinsurance as described in subpart G of part 409 
of this chapter) for all costs (routine, ancillary, and capital-related) 
associated with furnishing inpatient SNF services to Medicare 
beneficiaries other than costs associated with operating approved 
educational activities as described in Sec. 413.85.



Sec. 413.337  Methodology for calculating the prospective payment rates.

    (a) Data used. (1) To calculate the prospective payment rates, CMS 
uses--
    (i) Medicare data on allowable costs from freestanding and hospital-
based SNFs for cost reporting periods beginning in fiscal year 1995. 
SNFs that received ``new provider'' exemptions under Sec. 413.30(e)(2) 
are excluded from the data base used to compute the Federal payment 
rates. In addition, allowable costs related to exceptions payments under 
Sec. 413.30(f) are excluded from the data base used to compute the 
Federal payment rates;
    (ii) An appropriate wage index to adjust for area wage differences;
    (iii) The most recent projections of increases in the costs from the 
SNF market basket index;
    (iv) Resident assessment and other data that account for the 
relative resource utilization of different resident types; and
    (v) Medicare Part B SNF claims data reflecting amounts payable under 
Part B for covered SNF services (other than those services described in 
Sec. 411.15(p)(2) of this chapter) furnished during SNF cost reporting 
periods beginning in fiscal year 1995 to individuals who were residents 
of SNFs and receiving Part A covered services.
    (b) Methodology for calculating the per diem Federal payment rates--
(1) Determining SNF costs. In calculating the initial unadjusted Federal 
rates applicable for services provided during the period beginning July 
1, 1998 through September 30, 1999, CMS determines each SNF's costs by 
summing its allowable costs for the cost reporting period beginning in 
fiscal year 1995 and its estimate of Part B payments (described in 
paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(v) of this section).

[[Page 751]]

    (2) Use of market basket index. The SNF market basket index is used 
to adjust the SNF cost data to reflect cost increases occurring between 
cost reporting periods represented in the data and the initial period 
(beginning July 1, 1998 and ending September 30, 1999) to which the 
payment rates apply. For each year, the cost data are updated by a 
factor equivalent to the annual market basket index percentage minus 1 
percentage point.
    (3) Calculation of the per diem cost. For each SNF, the per diem 
cost is computed by dividing the cost data for each SNF by the 
corresponding number of Medicare days.
    (4) Standardization of data for variation in area wage levels and 
case-mix. The cost data described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section 
are standardized to remove the effects of geographic variation in wage 
levels and facility variation in case-mix. The cost data are 
standardized for geographic variation in wage levels using the wage 
index. The cost data are standardized for facility variation in case-mix 
using the case-mix indices and other data that indicate facility case-
mix.
    (5) Calculation of unadjusted Federal payment rates. CMS calculates 
the national per diem unadjusted payment rates by urban and rural 
classification in the following manner:
    (i) By computing the average per diem standardized cost of 
freestanding SNFs weighted by Medicare days.
    (ii) By computing the average per diem standardized cost of 
freestanding and hospital-based SNFs combined weighted by Medicare days.
    (iii) By computing the average of the amounts determined under 
paragraphs (b)(5)(i) and (b)(5)(ii) of this section.
    (c) Calculation of adjusted Federal payment rates for case-mix and 
area wage levels. The Federal rate is adjusted to account for facility 
case-mix using a resident classification system and associated case-mix 
indices that account for the relative resource utilization of different 
patient types. This classification system utilizes the resident 
assessment instrument completed by SNFs as described at Sec. 483.20 of 
this chapter, according to the assessment schedule described in Sec. 
413.343(b). The Federal rate is also adjusted to account for geographic 
differences in area wage levels using an appropriate wage index.
    (d) Annual updates of Federal unadjusted payment rates. CMS updates 
the unadjusted Federal payment rates on a fiscal year basis.
    (1) For fiscal years 2000 through 2002, the unadjusted Federal rate 
is equal to the rate for the previous period or fiscal year increased by 
a factor equal to the SNF market basket index percentage minus 1 
percentage point.
    (2) For subsequent fiscal years, the unadjusted Federal rate is 
equal to the rate for the previous fiscal year increased by the 
applicable SNF market basket index amount. Beginning with fiscal year 
2004, an adjustment to the annual update of the previous fiscal year's 
rate will be computed to account for forecast error. The initial 
adjustment (in fiscal year 2004) to the update of the previous fiscal 
year's rate will take into account the cumulative forecast error between 
fiscal years 2000 and 2002. Subsequent adjustments in succeeding fiscal 
years will take into account the forecast error from the most recently 
available fiscal year for which there is final data.
    (e) Pursuant to section 101 of the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP 
Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (BBRA) as revised by section 314 
of the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection 
Act of 2000 (BIPA), using the best available data, the Secretary will 
issue a new regulation with a newly refined case-mix classification 
system to better account for medically complex patients. Upon issuance 
of the new regulation, the temporary increases in payment for certain 
high cost patients will no longer be applicable.

[63 FR 26309, May 12, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 39600, July 31, 2001; 68 
FR 46070, Aug. 4, 2003]



Sec. 413.340  Transition period.

    (a) Duration of transition period and proportions for the blended 
transition rate. Beginning with an SNF's first cost reporting period 
beginning on or after July 1, 1998, there is a transition period 
covering three cost reporting periods. During this transition phase, 
SNFs receive a payment rate comprising a blend of the adjusted Federal 
rate and

[[Page 752]]

a facility-specific rate. For the first cost reporting period beginning 
on or after July 1, 1998, payment is based on 75 percent of the 
facility-specific rate and 25 percent of the Federal rate. For the 
subsequent cost reporting period, the rate is comprised of 50 percent of 
the facility-specific rate and 50 percent of the Federal rate. In the 
final cost reporting period of the transition, the rate is comprised of 
25 percent of the facility-specific rate and 75 percent of the Federal 
rate. For all subsequent cost reporting periods, payment is based 
entirely on the Federal rate.
    (b) Calculation of facility-specific rate for the first cost 
reporting period. The facility-specific rate is computed based on the 
SNF's Medicare allowable costs from its fiscal year 1995 cost report 
plus an estimate of the amounts payable under Part B for covered SNF 
services (other than those services described in Sec. 411.15(p)(2) of 
this chapter) furnished during fiscal year 1995 to individuals who were 
residents of SNFs and receiving Part A covered services. Allowable costs 
associated with exceptions, as described in Sec. 413.30(f), are 
included in the calculation of the facility-specific rate. Allowable 
costs associated with exemptions, as described in Sec. 413.30(e)(2), 
are included in the calculation of the facility-specific rate but only 
to the extent that they do not exceed 150 percent of the routine cost 
limit. Low Medicare volume SNFs that were paid a prospectively 
determined rate under Sec. 413.300 for their cost reporting period 
beginning in fiscal year 1995 will utilize that rate as the basis for 
the allowable costs of routine (operating and capital-related) expenses 
in determining the facility-specific rate. Each SNF's allowable costs 
are updated to the first cost reporting period to which the payment 
rates apply using annual factors equal to the SNF market basket 
percentage minus 1 percentage point.
    (c) SNFs participating in the Multistate Nursing Home Case-Mix and 
Quality Demonstration. SNFs that participated in the Multistate Nursing 
Home Case-Mix and Quality Demonstration in a cost reporting period that 
began in calendar year 1997 will utilize their allowable costs from that 
cost reporting period, including prospective payment amounts determined 
under the demonstration payment methodology.
    (d) Update of facility-specific rates for subsequent cost reporting 
periods. The facility-specific rate for a cost reporting period that is 
subsequent to the first cost reporting period is equal to the facility-
specific rate for the first cost reporting period (described in 
paragraph (a) of this section) updated by the market basket index.
    (1) For a subsequent cost reporting period beginning in fiscal years 
1998 and 1999, the facility-specific rate is equal to the facility-
specific rate for the previous cost reporting period updated by the 
applicable market basket index percentage minus one percentage point.
    (2) For a subsequent cost reporting period beginning in fiscal year 
2000, the facility-specific rate is equal to the facility-specific rate 
for the previous cost reporting period updated by the applicable market 
basket index percentage.
    (e) SNFs excluded from the transition period. SNFs that received 
their first payment from Medicare, under present or previous ownership, 
on or after October 1, 1995, are excluded from the transition period, 
and payment is made according to the Federal rates only.



Sec. 413.343  Resident assessment data.

    (a) Submission of resident assessment data. SNFs are required to 
submit the resident assessment data described at Sec. 483.20 of this 
chapter in the manner necessary to administer the payment rate 
methodology described in Sec. 413.337. This provision includes the 
frequency, scope, and number of assessments required.
    (b) Assessment schedule. In accordance with the methodology 
described in Sec. 413.337(c) related to the adjustment of the Federal 
rates for case-mix, SNFs must submit assessments according to an 
assessment schedule. This schedule must include performance of patient 
assessments on the 5th, 14th, 30th, 60th, and 90th days of posthospital 
SNF care and such other assessments that are necessary to account for 
changes in patient care needs.
    (c) Noncompliance with assessment schedule. CMS pays a default rate 
for the Federal rate when a SNF fails to

[[Page 753]]

comply with the assessment schedule in paragraph (b) of this section. 
The default rate is paid for the days of a patient's care for which the 
SNF is not in compliance with the assessment schedule.

[63 FR 26309, May 12, 1998, as amended at 64 FR 41682, July 30, 1999]



Sec. 413.345  Publication of Federal prospective payment rates.

    CMS publishes information pertaining to each update of the Federal 
payment rates in the Federal Register. This information includes the 
standardized Federal rates, the resident classification system that 
provides the basis for case-mix adjustment (including the designation of 
those specific Resource Utilization Groups under the resident 
classification system that represent the required SNF level of care, as 
provided in Sec. 409.30 of this chapter), and the wage index. This 
information is published before May 1 for the fiscal year 1998 and 
before August 1 for the fiscal years 1999 and after.

[60 FR 37594, July 21, 1995, as amended at 68 FR 46071, Aug. 4, 2003]



Sec. 413.348  Limitation on review.

    Judicial or administrative review under sections 1869 or 1878 of the 
Act or otherwise is prohibited with regard to the establishment of the 
Federal rates. This prohibition includes the methodology used in the 
computation of the Federal standardized payment rates, the case-mix 
methodology, and the development and application of the wage index. This 
prohibition on judicial and administrative review also extends to the 
methodology used to establish the facility-specific rates but not to 
determinations related to reasonable cost in the fiscal year 1995 cost 
reporting period used as the basis for these rates.



Sec. 413.350  Periodic interim payments for skilled nursing facilities 

receiving payment under the skilled nursing facility prospective payment 

system for Part A services.

    (a) General rule. Subject to the exceptions in paragraphs (b) and 
(c) of this section, SNFs receiving payment under the PPS for Part A 
services do not receive interim payments during the cost reporting year, 
and receive payment only following submission of a bill. Paragraph (d) 
of this section provides for accelerated payments in certain 
circumstances.
    (b) Periodic interim payments. (1) An SNF receiving payment under 
the prospective payment system may receive periodic interim payments 
(PIP) for Part A SNF services under the PIP method subject to the 
provisions of Sec. 413.64(h). To be approved for PIP, the SNF must meet 
the qualifying requirements in Sec. 413.64(h)(3). Moreover, as provided 
in Sec. 413.64(h)(5), intermediary approval is conditioned upon the 
intermediary's best judgment as to whether payment can be made under the 
PIP method without undue risk of its resulting in an overpayment to the 
provider.
    (2) Frequency of payment. The intermediary estimates an SNF's 
prospective payments net of estimated beneficiary coinsurance and makes 
biweekly payments equal to \1/26\ of the total estimated amount of 
payment for the year. If an SNF has payment experience under the 
prospective payment system, the intermediary estimates PIP based on that 
payment experience, adjusted for projected changes supported by 
substantiated information for the current year. Each payment is made 2 
weeks after the end of a biweekly period of service as described in 
Sec. 413.64(h)(6). The interim payments are reviewed at least twice 
during the reporting period and adjusted if necessary. Fewer reviews may 
be necessary if an SNF receives interim payments for less than a full 
reporting period. These payments are subject to final settlement.
    (3) Termination of PIP--(i) Request by the SNF. An SNF receiving PIP 
may convert to receiving prospective payments on a non-PIP basis at any 
time.
    (ii) Removal by the intermediary. An intermediary terminates PIP if 
the SNF no longer meets the requirements of Sec. 413.64(h).
    (c) Interim payments for Medicare bad debts and for Part A costs not 
paid under the prospective payment system. For Medicare bad debts and 
for costs of an approved education program and other

[[Page 754]]

costs paid outside the prospective payment system, the intermediary 
determines the interim payments by estimating the reimbursable amount 
for the year based on the previous year's experience, adjusted for 
projected changes supported by substantiated information for the current 
year, and makes biweekly payments equal to \1/26\ of the total estimated 
amount. Each payment is made 2 weeks after the end of a biweekly period 
of service as described in Sec. 413.64(h)(6). The interim payments are 
reviewed at least twice during the reporting period and adjusted if 
necessary. Fewer reviews may be necessary if an SNF receives interim 
payments for less than a full reporting period. These payments are 
subject to final cost settlement.
    (d) Accelerated payments--(1) General rule. Upon request, an 
accelerated payment may be made to an SNF that is receiving payment 
under the prospective payment system and is not receiving PIP under 
paragraph (b) of this section if the SNF is experiencing financial 
difficulties because of the following:
    (i) There is a delay by the intermediary in making payment to the 
SNF.
    (ii) Due to an exceptional situation, there is a temporary delay in 
the SNF's preparation and submittal of bills to the intermediary beyond 
its normal billing cycle.
    (2) Approval of payment. An SNF's request for an accelerated payment 
must be approved by the intermediary and CMS.
    (3) Amount of payment. The amount of the accelerated payment is 
computed as a percentage of the net payment for unbilled or unpaid 
covered services.
    (4) Recovery of payment. Recovery of the accelerated payment is made 
by recoupment as SNF bills are processed or by direct payment by the 
SNF.

[64 FR 41682, July 30, 1999]



Sec. 413.355  Additional payment: QIO photocopy and mailing costs.

    An additional payment is made to a skilled nursing facility in 
accordance with Sec. 476.78 of this chapter for the costs of 
photocopying and mailing medical records requested by a QIO.

[68 FR 67960, Dec. 5, 2003]


[[Page 755]]



                              FINDING AIDS




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

  A list of CFR titles, subtitles, chapters, subchapters and parts and 
an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are included in 
the CFR Index and Finding Aids volume to the Code of Federal Regulations 
which is published separately and revised annually.

  Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference
  Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
  Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
  List of CFR Sections Affected

[[Page 757]]

            Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference

                     (Revised as of October 1, 2006)

  The Director of the Federal Register has approved under 5 U.S.C. 
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51 the incorporation by reference of the following 
publications. This list contains only those incorporations by reference 
effective as of the revision date of this volume. Incorporations by 
reference found within a regulation are effective upon the effective 
date of that regulation. For more information on incorporation by 
reference, see the preliminary pages of this volume.


42 CFR (PARTS 400-413)

CENTERS FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 
HUMAN SERVICES
                                                                  42 CFR


American Hospital Association

  Available from: Centers for Medicare and 
  Medicaid Services, Office of Management and 
  Budget, Division of Communication Services, 
  Printing and Publishing Branch, Gwynn Oak Bldg., 
  Baltimore, MD 21235
Chart of Accounts for Hospitals (1973 Ed.)........      405.415(b)(7)(i)


American Lung Association

  (Formerly National Tuberculosis Association)
  1740 Broadway, New York, NY 10019
Diagnostic Standards and Classification of                405.1039(b)(2)
  Tuberculosis (1974 Ed.).


American National Standards Institute

  25 West 43rd Street, Fourth floor, New York, NY 
  10036 Telephone: (212) 642-4900
ANSI A117.1-1971 Specifications for Making                   405.1134(c)
  Buildings and Facilities Accessible to and 
  Usable by Physically Handicapped People.


American Psychiatric Association

  Division of Publications and Marketing, 1400 K 
  Street NW., Washington, DC 20005
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental                 405.243(b); 
  Disorders, 1980 (3rd Ed.).                             405.1037(a)(12)


Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation

  3330 Washington Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201-4598
ASNI/AAMI RD5-1992, Hemodialysis Systems, second           405.2150(a); 
  edition.                                                   405.2140(a)
Recommended Practice for Reuse of Hemodialyzers...              405.2150


National Academy of Sciences

  Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., 
  Washington, DC 20418
Recommended Dietary Allowances Current Edition,           405.1025(c)(2)
  1980 (9th Ed.).


National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

  1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 
  02269-9101
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code (2000 Edition).........               403.744

[[Page 759]]



                    Table of CFR Titles and Chapters




                     (Revised as of October 1, 2006)

                      Title 1--General Provisions

         I  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 
                (Parts 1--49)
        II  Office of the Federal Register (Parts 50--299)
        IV  Miscellaneous Agencies (Parts 400--500)

                    Title 2--Grants and Agreements

            Subtitle A--Office of Management and Budget Guidance 
                for Grants and Agreements
         I  Office of Management and Budget Governmentwide 
                Guidance for Grants and Agreements (Parts 100-199)
        II  Office of Management and Budget Circulars and Guidance 
                (200-299)
            Subtitle B--Federal Agency Regulations for Grants and 
                Agreements [Reserved]


                        Title 3--The President

         I  Executive Office of the President (Parts 100--199)

                           Title 4--Accounts

         I  Government Accountability Office (Parts 1--99)

                   Title 5--Administrative Personnel

         I  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1--1199)
        II  Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  Office of Management and Budget (Parts 1300--1399)
         V  The International Organizations Employees Loyalty 
                Board (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      VIII  Office of Special Counsel (Parts 1800--1899)
        IX  Appalachian Regional Commission (Parts 1900--1999)
        XI  Armed Forces Retirement Home (Part 2100)
       XIV  Federal Labor Relations Authority, General Counsel of 
                the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Federal 
                Service Impasses Panel (Parts 2400--2499)

[[Page 760]]

        XV  Office of Administration, Executive Office of the 
                President (Parts 2500--2599)
       XVI  Office of Government Ethics (Parts 2600--2699)
       XXI  Department of the Treasury (Parts 3100--3199)
      XXII  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Part 3201)
     XXIII  Department of Energy (Part 3301)
      XXIV  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Part 3401)
       XXV  Department of the Interior (Part 3501)
      XXVI  Department of Defense (Part 3601)
    XXVIII  Department of Justice (Part 3801)
      XXIX  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 3900--3999)
       XXX  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4099)
      XXXI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 4100--4199)
    XXXIII  Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Part 4301)
      XXXV  Office of Personnel Management (Part 4501)
        XL  Interstate Commerce Commission (Part 5001)
       XLI  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Part 5101)
      XLII  Department of Labor (Part 5201)
     XLIII  National Science Foundation (Part 5301)
       XLV  Department of Health and Human Services (Part 5501)
      XLVI  Postal Rate Commission (Part 5601)
     XLVII  Federal Trade Commission (Part 5701)
    XLVIII  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Part 5801)
         L  Department of Transportation (Part 6001)
       LII  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Part 6201)
      LIII  Department of Education (Parts 6300--6399)
       LIV  Environmental Protection Agency (Part 6401)
        LV  National Endowment for the Arts (Part 6501)
       LVI  National Endowment for the Humanities (Part 6601)
      LVII  General Services Administration (Part 6701)
     LVIII  Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Part 
                6801)
       LIX  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Part 
                6901)
        LX  United States Postal Service (Part 7001)
       LXI  National Labor Relations Board (Part 7101)
      LXII  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Part 7201)
     LXIII  Inter-American Foundation (Part 7301)
       LXV  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Part 
                7501)
      LXVI  National Archives and Records Administration (Part 
                7601)
     LXVII  Institute of Museum and Library Services (Part 7701)
      LXIX  Tennessee Valley Authority (Part 7901)
      LXXI  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Part 8101)
    LXXIII  Department of Agriculture (Part 8301)
     LXXIV  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (Part 
                8401)
     LXXVI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Part 8601)

[[Page 761]]

    LXXVII  Office of Management and Budget (Part 8701)
     XCVII  Department of Homeland Security Human Resources 
                Management System (Department of Homeland 
                Security--Office of Personnel Management) (Part 
                9701)
      XCIX  Department of Defense Human Resources Management and 
                Labor Relations Systems (Department of Defense--
                Office of Personnel Management) (Part 9901)

                      Title 6--Homeland Security

         I  Department of Homeland Security, Office of the 
                Secretary (Parts 0--99)

                         Title 7--Agriculture

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Agriculture 
                (Parts 0--26)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of 
                Agriculture
         I  Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards, 
                Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 27--209)
        II  Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 210--299)
       III  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         V  Agricultural Research Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Farm Service Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                700--799)
      VIII  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 
                Administration (Federal Grain Inspection Service), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 900--999)
         X  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Milk), Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1000--1199)
        XI  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Miscellaneous Commodities), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1200--1299)
       XIV  Commodity Credit Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Rural Telephone Bank, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1700--1799)

[[Page 762]]

     XVIII  Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative 
                Service, Rural Utilities Service, and Farm Service 
                Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 1800--
                2099)
        XX  Local Television Loan Guarantee Board (Parts 2200--
                2299)
      XXVI  Office of Inspector General, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 2600--2699)
     XXVII  Office of Information Resources Management, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of Operations, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                2800--2899)
      XXIX  Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 2900--2999)
       XXX  Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3000--3099)
      XXXI  Office of Environmental Quality, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3100--3199)
     XXXII  Office of Procurement and Property Management, 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 3200--3299)
    XXXIII  Office of Transportation, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3300--3399)
     XXXIV  Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 3400--
                3499)
      XXXV  Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3500--3599)
     XXXVI  National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 3600--3699)
    XXXVII  Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3700--3799)
   XXXVIII  World Agricultural Outlook Board, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3800--3899)
       XLI  [Reserved]
      XLII  Rural Business-Cooperative Service and Rural Utilities 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 4200--
                4299)

                    Title 8--Aliens and Nationality

         I  Department of Homeland Security (Immigration and 
                Naturalization) (Parts 1--499)
         V  Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1000--1399)

                 Title 9--Animals and Animal Products

         I  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1--199)
        II  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 
                Administration (Packers and Stockyards Programs), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--299)
       III  Food Safety and Inspection Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 300--599)

[[Page 763]]

                           Title 10--Energy

         I  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Department of Energy (Parts 200--699)
       III  Department of Energy (Parts 700--999)
         X  Department of Energy (General Provisions) (Parts 
                1000--1099)
      XIII  Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (Parts 1303--
                1399)
      XVII  Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Parts 1700--
                1799)
     XVIII  Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste 
                Commission (Part 1800)

                      Title 11--Federal Elections

         I  Federal Election Commission (Parts 1--9099)

                      Title 12--Banks and Banking

         I  Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1--199)
        II  Federal Reserve System (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 400--
                499)
         V  Office of Thrift Supervision, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Credit Union Administration (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Federal Financing Bank (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Federal Housing Finance Board (Parts 900--999)
        XI  Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XIV  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 1400--
                1499)
        XV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1500--1599)
      XVII  Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                1700--1799)
     XVIII  Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, 
                Department of the Treasury (Parts 1800--1899)

               Title 13--Business Credit and Assistance

         I  Small Business Administration (Parts 1--199)
       III  Economic Development Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 400--499)
         V  Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 500--599)

[[Page 764]]

                    Title 14--Aeronautics and Space

         I  Federal Aviation Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--199)
        II  Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation 
                (Aviation Proceedings) (Parts 200--399)
       III  Commercial Space Transportation, Federal Aviation 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 400--499)
         V  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
        VI  Air Transportation System Stabilization (Parts 1300--
                1399)

                 Title 15--Commerce and Foreign Trade

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Commerce (Parts 
                0--29)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Commerce and 
                Foreign Trade
         I  Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                30--199)
        II  National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Foreign-Trade Zones Board, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 400--499)
       VII  Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 900--999)
        XI  Technology Administration, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
      XIII  East-West Foreign Trade Board (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Minority Business Development Agency (Parts 1400--
                1499)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade 
                Agreements
        XX  Office of the United States Trade Representative 
                (Parts 2000--2099)
            Subtitle D--Regulations Relating to Telecommunications 
                and Information
     XXIII  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                2300--2399)

                    Title 16--Commercial Practices

         I  Federal Trade Commission (Parts 0--999)
        II  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 1000--1799)

[[Page 765]]

             Title 17--Commodity and Securities Exchanges

         I  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 1--199)
        II  Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 400--499)

          Title 18--Conservation of Power and Water Resources

         I  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of 
                Energy (Parts 1--399)
       III  Delaware River Basin Commission (Parts 400--499)
        VI  Water Resources Council (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Susquehanna River Basin Commission (Parts 800--899)
      XIII  Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 1300--1399)

                       Title 19--Customs Duties

         I  Bureau of Customs and Border Protection, Department of 
                Homeland Security; Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--199)
        II  United States International Trade Commission (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 
                Department of Homeland Security (Parts 400--599)

                     Title 20--Employees' Benefits

         I  Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Railroad Retirement Board (Parts 200--399)
       III  Social Security Administration (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Employees Compensation Appeals Board, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 500--599)
         V  Employment and Training Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 600--699)
        VI  Employment Standards Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Benefits Review Board, Department of Labor (Parts 
                800--899)
      VIII  Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries (Parts 
                900--999)
        IX  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training, Department of Labor 
                (Parts 1000--1099)

                       Title 21--Food and Drugs

         I  Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1--1299)
        II  Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 1300--1399)
       III  Office of National Drug Control Policy (Parts 1400--
                1499)

[[Page 766]]

                      Title 22--Foreign Relations

         I  Department of State (Parts 1--199)
        II  Agency for International Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Peace Corps (Parts 300--399)
        IV  International Joint Commission, United States and 
                Canada (Parts 400--499)
         V  Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 500--599)
       VII  Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Parts 700--
                799)
        IX  Foreign Service Grievance Board Regulations (Parts 
                900--999)
         X  Inter-American Foundation (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  International Boundary and Water Commission, United 
                States and Mexico, United States Section (Parts 
                1100--1199)
       XII  United States International Development Cooperation 
                Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
       XIV  Foreign Service Labor Relations Board; Federal Labor 
                Relations Authority; General Counsel of the 
                Federal Labor Relations Authority; and the Foreign 
                Service Impasse Disputes Panel (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  African Development Foundation (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Japan-United States Friendship Commission (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  United States Institute of Peace (Parts 1700--1799)

                          Title 23--Highways

         I  Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--999)
        II  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and 
                Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 1300--1399)

                Title 24--Housing and Urban Development

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Housing and Urban Development (Parts 0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban 
                Development
         I  Office of Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                100--199)
        II  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Government National Mortgage Association, Department 
                of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Housing and Office of Multifamily Housing 
                Assistance Restructuring, Department of Housing 
                and Urban Development (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 500--599)

[[Page 767]]

        VI  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 600--699) [Reserved]
       VII  Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Housing Assistance Programs and 
                Public and Indian Housing Programs) (Parts 700--
                799)
      VIII  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Section 8 Housing Assistance 
                Programs, Section 202 Direct Loan Program, Section 
                202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program and 
                Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons With 
                Disabilities Program) (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian 
                Housing, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 900--1699)
         X  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Interstate Land Sales 
                Registration Program) (Parts 1700--1799)
       XII  Office of Inspector General, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 2000--2099)
        XX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 3200--3899)
       XXV  Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (Parts 4100--
                4199)

                           Title 25--Indians

         I  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--299)
        II  Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 300--399)
       III  National Indian Gaming Commission, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 500--599)
        IV  Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation (Parts 
                700--799)
         V  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, 
                and Indian Health Service, Department of Health 
                and Human Services (Part 900)
        VI  Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 1000--1199)
       VII  Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians, 
                Department of the Interior (Part 1200)

                      Title 26--Internal Revenue

         I  Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 1--899)

           Title 27--Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms

         I  Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department 
                of the Treasury (Parts 1--399)

[[Page 768]]

        II  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 
                Department of Justice (Parts 400--699)

                   Title 28--Judicial Administration

         I  Department of Justice (Parts 0--299)
       III  Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Department of Justice 
                (Parts 300--399)
         V  Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice (Parts 500--
                599)
        VI  Offices of Independent Counsel, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Independent Counsel (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the 
                District of Columbia (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact Council 
                (Parts 900--999)
        XI  Department of Justice and Department of State (Parts 
                1100--1199)

                            Title 29--Labor

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor (Parts 
                0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Labor
         I  National Labor Relations Board (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Railroad Adjustment Board (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 400--499)
         V  Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor (Parts 
                500--899)
        IX  Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission 
                (Parts 900--999)
         X  National Mediation Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       XII  Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Parts 
                1400--1499)
       XIV  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 1600--
                1699)
      XVII  Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 
                Department of Labor (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2200--2499)
       XXV  Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 2500--2599)
     XXVII  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2700--2799)
        XL  Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4999)

[[Page 769]]

                      Title 30--Mineral Resources

         I  Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Minerals Management Service, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 200--299)
       III  Board of Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Geological Survey, Department of the Interior (Parts 
                400--499)
       VII  Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 700--999)

                 Title 31--Money and Finance: Treasury

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--50)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Money and Finance
         I  Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                51--199)
        II  Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                200--399)
        IV  Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of International Investment, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Federal Claims Collection Standards (Department of the 
                Treasury--Department of Justice) (Parts 900--999)

                      Title 32--National Defense

            Subtitle A--Department of Defense
         I  Office of the Secretary of Defense (Parts 1--399)
         V  Department of the Army (Parts 400--699)
        VI  Department of the Navy (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Department of the Air Force (Parts 800--1099)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to National 
                Defense
       XII  Defense Logistics Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
       XVI  Selective Service System (Parts 1600--1699)
     XVIII  National Counterintelligence Center (Parts 1800--1899)
       XIX  Central Intelligence Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Information Security Oversight Office, National 
                Archives and Records Administration (Parts 2000--
                2099)
       XXI  National Security Council (Parts 2100--2199)
      XXIV  Office of Science and Technology Policy (Parts 2400--
                2499)
     XXVII  Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations (Parts 
                2700--2799)

[[Page 770]]

    XXVIII  Office of the Vice President of the United States 
                (Parts 2800--2899)

               Title 33--Navigation and Navigable Waters

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                1--199)
        II  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                200--399)
        IV  Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)

                          Title 34--Education

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Education (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Offices of the 
                Department of Education
         I  Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, 
                Department of Education (Parts 200--299)
       III  Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative 
                Services, Department of Education (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Vocational and Adult Education, Department 
                of Education (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 
                Affairs, Department of Education (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of 
                Education (Parts 600--699)
        XI  National Institute for Literacy (Parts 1100--1199)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Education
       XII  National Council on Disability (Parts 1200--1299)

                          Title 35 [Reserved]

             Title 36--Parks, Forests, and Public Property

         I  National Park Service, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
        II  Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
                299)
       III  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  American Battle Monuments Commission (Parts 400--499)
         V  Smithsonian Institution (Parts 500--599)
       VII  Library of Congress (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Parts 800--
                899)
        IX  Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (Parts 
                900--999)
         X  Presidio Trust (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
                Board (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
        XV  Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust (Part 1501)

[[Page 771]]

       XVI  Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National 
                Environmental Policy Foundation (Parts 1600--1699)

             Title 37--Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

         I  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Department 
                of Commerce (Parts 1--199)
        II  Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Parts 200--299)
       III  Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress (Parts 
                301--399)
        IV  Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, Department 
                of Commerce (Parts 400--499)
         V  Under Secretary for Technology, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 500--599)

           Title 38--Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief

         I  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 0--99)

                       Title 39--Postal Service

         I  United States Postal Service (Parts 1--999)
       III  Postal Rate Commission (Parts 3000--3099)

                  Title 40--Protection of Environment

         I  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1--1099)
        IV  Environmental Protection Agency and Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1400--1499)
         V  Council on Environmental Quality (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
       VII  Environmental Protection Agency and Department of 
                Defense; Uniform National Discharge Standards for 
                Vessels of the Armed Forces (Parts 1700--1799)

          Title 41--Public Contracts and Property Management

            Subtitle B--Other Provisions Relating to Public 
                Contracts
        50  Public Contracts, Department of Labor (Parts 50-1--50-
                999)
        51  Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or 
                Severely Disabled (Parts 51-1--51-99)
        60  Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal 
                Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Parts 
                60-1--60-999)
        61  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training Service, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 61-1--61-999)
            Subtitle C--Federal Property Management Regulations 
                System
       101  Federal Property Management Regulations (Parts 101-1--
                101-99)
       102  Federal Management Regulation (Parts 102-1--102-299)

[[Page 772]]

       105  General Services Administration (Parts 105-1--105-999)
       109  Department of Energy Property Management Regulations 
                (Parts 109-1--109-99)
       114  Department of the Interior (Parts 114-1--114-99)
       115  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 115-1--115-99)
       128  Department of Justice (Parts 128-1--128-99)
            Subtitle D--Other Provisions Relating to Property 
                Management [Reserved]
            Subtitle E--Federal Information Resources Management 
                Regulations System
       201  Federal Information Resources Management Regulation 
                (Parts 201-1--201-99) [Reserved]
            Subtitle F--Federal Travel Regulation System
       300  General (Parts 300-1--300-99)
       301  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances (Parts 301-1--
                301-99)
       302  Relocation Allowances (Parts 302-1--302-99)
       303  Payment of Expenses Connected with the Death of 
                Certain Employees (Part 303-1--303-99)
       304  Payment of Travel Expenses from a Non-Federal Source 
                (Parts 304-1--304-99)

                        Title 42--Public Health

         I  Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 1--199)
        IV  Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department 
                of Health and Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Inspector General-Health Care, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1000--1999)

                   Title 43--Public Lands: Interior

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Lands
         I  Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 200--499)
        II  Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1000--9999)
       III  Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation 
                Commission (Parts 10000--10010)

             Title 44--Emergency Management and Assistance

         I  Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 0--399)
        IV  Department of Commerce and Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 400--499)

[[Page 773]]

                       Title 45--Public Welfare

            Subtitle A--Department of Health and Human Services 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Welfare
        II  Office of Family Assistance (Assistance Programs), 
                Administration for Children and Families, 
                Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  Office of Child Support Enforcement (Child Support 
                Enforcement Program), Administration for Children 
                and Families, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United 
                States, Department of Justice (Parts 500--599)
        VI  National Science Foundation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 800--899)
         X  Office of Community Services, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                1200--1299)
      XIII  Office of Human Development Services, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1300--1399)
       XVI  Legal Services Corporation (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  National Commission on Libraries and Information 
                Science (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation (Parts 1800--
                1899)
       XXI  Commission on Fine Arts (Parts 2100--2199)
     XXIII  Arctic Research Commission (Part 2301)
      XXIV  James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (Parts 
                2400--2499)
       XXV  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                2500--2599)

                          Title 46--Shipping

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                1--199)
        II  Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 200--399)
       III  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage), Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Federal Maritime Commission (Parts 500--599)

                      Title 47--Telecommunication

         I  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 0--199)

[[Page 774]]

        II  Office of Science and Technology Policy and National 
                Security Council (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                300--399)

           Title 48--Federal Acquisition Regulations System

         1  Federal Acquisition Regulation (Parts 1--99)
         2  Defense Acquisition Regulations System, Department of 
                Defense (Parts 200--299)
         3  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
                399)
         4  Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         5  General Services Administration (Parts 500--599)
         6  Department of State (Parts 600--699)
         7  United States Agency for International Development 
                (Parts 700--799)
         8  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
         9  Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
        10  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
        12  Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
        13  Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
        14  Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
        15  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
        16  Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees 
                Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                1600--1699)
        17  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1700--1799)
        18  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1800--1899)
        19  Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 1900--1999)
        20  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 2000--2099)
        21  Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees' 
                Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation (Parts 2100--2199)
        23  Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
        24  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2400--2499)
        25  National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
        28  Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
        29  Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
        30  Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security 
                Acquisition Regulation (HSAR) (Parts 3000--3099)
        34  Department of Education Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                3400--3499)
        35  [Reserved]
        44  Federal Emergency Management Agency (Parts 4400--4499)
        51  Department of the Army Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5100--5199)

[[Page 775]]

        52  Department of the Navy Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5200--5299)
        53  Department of the Air Force Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation Supplement (Parts 5300--5399)
        54  Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense (Parts 
                5400--5499)
        57  African Development Foundation (Parts 5700--5799)
        61  General Services Administration Board of Contract 
                Appeals (Parts 6100--6199)
        63  Department of Transportation Board of Contract Appeals 
                (Parts 6300--6399)
        99  Cost Accounting Standards Board, Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, Office of Management and 
                Budget (Parts 9900--9999)

                       Title 49--Transportation

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Transportation 
                (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to 
                Transportation
         I  Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Federal Railroad Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Federal Transit Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 
                (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  National Transportation Safety Board (Parts 800--999)
         X  Surface Transportation Board, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1000--1399)
        XI  Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 
                Department of Transportation - [Reserved]
       XII  Transportation Security Administration, Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 1500--1699)

                   Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries

         I  United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of 
                the Interior (Parts 1--199)
        II  National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Fishing and Related Activities (Parts 
                300--399)

[[Page 776]]

        IV  Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife 
                Service, Department of the Interior and National 
                Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce); Endangered Species Committee 
                Regulations (Parts 400--499)
         V  Marine Mammal Commission (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 600--699)

                      CFR Index and Finding Aids

            Subject/Agency Index
            List of Agency Prepared Indexes
            Parallel Tables of Statutory Authorities and Rules
            List of CFR Titles, Chapters, Subchapters, and Parts
            Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR

[[Page 777]]





           Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR




                     (Revised as of October 1, 2006)

                                                  CFR Title, Subtitle or 
                     Agency                               Chapter

Administrative Committee of the Federal Register  1, I
Advanced Research Projects Agency                 32, I
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation         36, VIII
African Development Foundation                    22, XV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 57
Agency for International Development, United      22, II
     States
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
Agricultural Marketing Service                    7, I, IX, X, XI
Agricultural Research Service                     7, V
Agriculture Department                            5, LXXIII
  Agricultural Marketing Service                  7, I, IX, X, XI
  Agricultural Research Service                   7, V
  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service      7, III; 9, I
  Chief Financial Officer, Office of              7, XXX
  Commodity Credit Corporation                    7, XIV
  Cooperative State Research, Education, and      7, XXXIV
       Extension Service
  Economic Research Service                       7, XXXVII
  Energy, Office of                               7, XXIX
  Environmental Quality, Office of                7, XXXI
  Farm Service Agency                             7, VII, XVIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 4
  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation              7, IV
  Food and Nutrition Service                      7, II
  Food Safety and Inspection Service              9, III
  Foreign Agricultural Service                    7, XV
  Forest Service                                  36, II
  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards        7, VIII; 9, II
       Administration
  Information Resources Management, Office of     7, XXVII
  Inspector General, Office of                    7, XXVI
  National Agricultural Library                   7, XLI
  National Agricultural Statistics Service        7, XXXVI
  Natural Resources Conservation Service          7, VI
  Operations, Office of                           7, XXVIII
  Procurement and Property Management, Office of  7, XXXII
  Rural Business-Cooperative Service              7, XVIII, XLII
  Rural Development Administration                7, XLII
  Rural Housing Service                           7, XVIII, XXXV
  Rural Telephone Bank                            7, XVI
  Rural Utilities Service                         7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
  Secretary of Agriculture, Office of             7, Subtitle A
  Transportation, Office of                       7, XXXIII
  World Agricultural Outlook Board                7, XXXVIII
Air Force Department                              32, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement       48, 53
Air Transportation Stabilization Board            14, VI
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau          27, I
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,       27, II
     Bureau of
AMTRAK                                            49, VII
American Battle Monuments Commission              36, IV
American Indians, Office of the Special Trustee   25, VII
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service        7, III; 9, I
Appalachian Regional Commission                   5, IX

[[Page 778]]

Architectural and Transportation Barriers         36, XI
     Compliance Board
Arctic Research Commission                        45, XXIII
Armed Forces Retirement Home                      5, XI
Army Department                                   32, V
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 51
Benefits Review Board                             20, VII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages        34, V
     Affairs, Office of
Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for         41, 51
     Purchase From People Who Are
Broadcasting Board of Governors                   22, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 19
Census Bureau                                     15, I
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services          42, IV
Central Intelligence Agency                       32, XIX
Chief Financial Officer, Office of                7, XXX
Child Support Enforcement, Office of              45, III
Children and Families, Administration for         45, II, III, IV, X
Civil Rights, Commission on                       45, VII
Civil Rights, Office for                          34, I
Coast Guard                                       33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)                46, III
Commerce Department                               44, IV
  Census Bureau                                   15, I
  Economic Affairs, Under Secretary               37, V
  Economic Analysis, Bureau of                    15, VIII
  Economic Development Administration             13, III
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 13
  Fishery Conservation and Management             50, VI
  Foreign-Trade Zones Board                       15, IV
  Industry and Security, Bureau of                15, VII
  International Trade Administration              15, III; 19, III
  National Institute of Standards and Technology  15, II
  National Marine Fisheries Service               50, II, IV, VI
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric                15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
       Administration                             VI
  National Telecommunications and Information     15, XXIII; 47, III
       Administration
  National Weather Service                        15, IX
  Patent and Trademark Office, United States      37, I
  Productivity, Technology and Innovation,        37, IV
       Assistant Secretary for
  Secretary of Commerce, Office of                15, Subtitle A
  Technology, Under Secretary for                 37, V
  Technology Administration                       15, XI
  Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for      37, IV
Commercial Space Transportation                   14, III
Commodity Credit Corporation                      7, XIV
Commodity Futures Trading Commission              5, XLI; 17, I
Community Planning and Development, Office of     24, V, VI
     Assistant Secretary for
Community Services, Office of                     45, X
Comptroller of the Currency                       12, I
Construction Industry Collective Bargaining       29, IX
     Commission
Consumer Product Safety Commission                5, LXXI; 16, II
Cooperative State Research, Education, and        7, XXXIV
     Extension Service
Copyright Office                                  37, II
Copyright Royalty Board                           37, III
Corporation for National and Community Service    45, XII, XXV
Cost Accounting Standards Board                   48, 99
Council on Environmental Quality                  40, V
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency    28, VIII
     for the District of Columbia
Customs and Border Protection Bureau              19, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Department                                5, XXVI; 32, Subtitle A; 
                                                  40, VII

[[Page 779]]

  Advanced Research Projects Agency               32, I
  Air Force Department                            32, VII
  Army Department                                 32, V; 33, II; 36, III, 
                                                  48, 51
  Defense Acquisition Regulations System          48, II
  Defense Intelligence Agency                     32, I
  Defense Logistics Agency                        32, I, XII; 48, 54
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  National Imagery and Mapping Agency             32, I
  Navy Department                                 32, VI; 48, 52
  Secretary of Defense, Office of                 32, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Intelligence Agency                       32, I
Defense Logistics Agency                          32, XII; 48, 54
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board           10, XVII
Delaware River Basin Commission                   18, III
District of Columbia, Court Services and          28, VIII
     Offender Supervision Agency for the
Drug Enforcement Administration                   21, II
East-West Foreign Trade Board                     15, XIII
Economic Affairs, Under Secretary                 37, V
Economic Analysis, Bureau of                      15, VIII
Economic Development Administration               13, III
Economic Research Service                         7, XXXVII
Education, Department of                          5, LIII
  Bilingual Education and Minority Languages      34, V
       Affairs, Office of
  Civil Rights, Office for                        34, I
  Educational Research and Improvement, Office    34, VII
       of
  Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of   34, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 34
  Postsecondary Education, Office of              34, VI
  Secretary of Education, Office of               34, Subtitle A
  Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,  34, III
       Office of
  Vocational and Adult Education, Office of       34, IV
Educational Research and Improvement, Office of   34, VII
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of     34, II
Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board       13, V
Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board              13, IV
Employee Benefits Security Administration         29, XXV
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board             20, IV
Employees Loyalty Board                           5, V
Employment and Training Administration            20, V
Employment Standards Administration               20, VI
Endangered Species Committee                      50, IV
Energy, Department of                             5, XXIII; 10, II, III, X
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 9
  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission            5, XXIV; 18, I
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 109
Energy, Office of                                 7, XXIX
Engineers, Corps of                               33, II; 36, III
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of                 31, VI
Environmental Protection Agency                   5, LIV; 40, I, IV, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 15
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 115
Environmental Quality, Office of                  7, XXXI
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission           5, LXII; 29, XIV
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary  24, I
     for
Executive Office of the President                 3, I
  Administration, Office of                       5, XV
  Environmental Quality, Council on               40, V
  Management and Budget, Office of                5, III, LXXVII; 14, VI; 
                                                  48, 99
  National Drug Control Policy, Office of         21, III
  National Security Council                       32, XXI; 47, 2
  Presidential Documents                          3
  Science and Technology Policy, Office of        32, XXIV; 47, II

[[Page 780]]

  Trade Representative, Office of the United      15, XX
       States
Export-Import Bank of the United States           5, LII; 12, IV
Family Assistance, Office of                      45, II
Farm Credit Administration                        5, XXXI; 12, VI
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation          5, XXX; 12, XIV
Farm Service Agency                               7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation                    48, 1
Federal Aviation Administration                   14, I
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
Federal Claims Collection Standards               31, IX
Federal Communications Commission                 5, XXIX; 47, I
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of   41, 60
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation                7, IV
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation             5, XXII; 12, III
Federal Election Commission                       11, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency               44, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 44
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal    48, 21
     Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition     48, 16
     Regulation
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission              5, XXIV; 18, I
Federal Financial Institutions Examination        12, XI
     Council
Federal Financing Bank                            12, VIII
Federal Highway Administration                    23, I, II
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation            1, IV
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office       12, XVII
Federal Housing Finance Board                     12, IX
Federal Labor Relations Authority, and General    5, XIV; 22, XIV
     Counsel of the Federal Labor Relations 
     Authority
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center           31, VII
Federal Management Regulation                     41, 102
Federal Maritime Commission                       46, IV
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service        29, XII
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission  5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration       49, III
Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                   28, III
Federal Procurement Policy Office                 48, 99
Federal Property Management Regulations           41, 101
Federal Railroad Administration                   49, II
Federal Register, Administrative Committee of     1, I
Federal Register, Office of                       1, II
Federal Reserve System                            12, II
  Board of Governors                              5, LVIII
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board        5, VI, LXXVI
Federal Service Impasses Panel                    5, XIV
Federal Trade Commission                          5, XLVII; 16, I
Federal Transit Administration                    49, VI
Federal Travel Regulation System                  41, Subtitle F
Fine Arts, Commission on                          45, XXI
Fiscal Service                                    31, II
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States          50, I, IV
Fishery Conservation and Management               50, VI
Food and Drug Administration                      21, I
Food and Nutrition Service                        7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service                9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service                      7, XV
Foreign Assets Control, Office of                 31, V
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the       45, V
     United States
Foreign Service Grievance Board                   22, IX
Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel            22, XIV
Foreign Service Labor Relations Board             22, XIV
Foreign-Trade Zones Board                         15, IV
Forest Service                                    36, II
General Services Administration                   5, LVII; 41, 105
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 61
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 5
  Federal Management Regulation                   41, 102

[[Page 781]]

  Federal Property Management Regulations         41, 101
  Federal Travel Regulation System                41, Subtitle F
  General                                         41, 300
  Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel    41, 304
       Expenses
  Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death    41, 303
       of Certain Employees
  Relocation Allowances                           41, 302
  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances          41, 301
Geological Survey                                 30, IV
Government Accountability Office                  4, I
Government Ethics, Office of                      5, XVI
Government National Mortgage Association          24, III
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards          7, VIII; 9, II
     Administration
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation            45, XVIII
Health and Human Services, Department of          5, XLV; 45, Subtitle A
  Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services        42, IV
  Child Support Enforcement, Office of            45, III
  Children and Families, Administration for       45, II, III, IV, X
  Community Services, Office of                   45, X
  Defense Acquisition Regulations System          48, 2
  Family Assistance, Office of                    45, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 3
  Food and Drug Administration                    21, I
  Human Development Services, Office of           45, XIII
  Indian Health Service                           25, V; 42, I
  Inspector General (Health Care), Office of      42, V
  Public Health Service                           42, I
  Refugee Resettlement, Office of                 45, IV
Homeland Security, Department of                  6, I
  Coast Guard                                     33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)              46, III
  Customs and Border Protection Bureau            19, I
  Federal Emergency Management Agency             44, I
  Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau      19, IV
  Immigration and Naturalization                  8, I
  Transportation Security Administration          49, XII
Housing and Urban Development, Department of      5, LXV; 24, Subtitle B
  Community Planning and Development, Office of   24, V, VI
       Assistant Secretary for
  Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant          24, I
       Secretary for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 24
  Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office    12, XVII
       of
  Government National Mortgage Association        24, III
  Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office   24, II, VIII, X, XX
       of Assistant Secretary for
  Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing     24, IV
       Assistance Restructuring, Office of
  Inspector General, Office of                    24, XII
  Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant  24, IX
       Secretary for
  Secretary, Office of                            24, Subtitle A, VII
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of  24, II, VIII, X, XX
     Assistant Secretary for
Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing       24, IV
     Assistance Restructuring, Office of
Human Development Services, Office of             45, XIII
Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau        19, IV
Immigration and Naturalization                    8, I
Immigration Review, Executive Office for          8, V
Independent Counsel, Office of                    28, VII
Indian Affairs, Bureau of                         25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant           25, VI
     Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board                      25, II
Indian Health Service                             25, V; 42, I
Industry and Security, Bureau of                  15, VII
Information Resources Management, Office of       7, XXVII
Information Security Oversight Office, National   32, XX
   Archives and Records Administration
[[Page 782]]

Inspector General
  Agriculture Department                          7, XXVI
  Health and Human Services Department            42, V
  Housing and Urban Development Department        24, XII
Institute of Peace, United States                 22, XVII
Inter-American Foundation                         5, LXIII; 22, X
Interior Department
  American Indians, Office of the Special         25, VII
       Trustee
  Endangered Species Committee                    50, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 14
  Federal Property Management Regulations System  41, 114
  Fish and Wildlife Service, United States        50, I, IV
  Geological Survey                               30, IV
  Indian Affairs, Bureau of                       25, I, V
  Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant         25, VI
       Secretary
  Indian Arts and Crafts Board                    25, II
  Land Management, Bureau of                      43, II
  Minerals Management Service                     30, II
  National Indian Gaming Commission               25, III
  National Park Service                           36, I
  Reclamation, Bureau of                          43, I
  Secretary of the Interior, Office of            43, Subtitle A
  Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board   30, III
       of
  Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,     30, VII
       Office of
Internal Revenue Service                          26, I
International Boundary and Water Commission,      22, XI
     United States and Mexico, United States 
     Section
International Development, United States Agency   22, II
     for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
International Development Cooperation Agency,     22, XII
     United States
International Fishing and Related Activities      50, III
International Investment, Office of               31, VIII
International Joint Commission, United States     22, IV
     and Canada
International Organizations Employees Loyalty     5, V
     Board
International Trade Administration                15, III; 19, III
International Trade Commission, United States     19, II
Interstate Commerce Commission                    5, XL
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation      45, XXIV
Japan-United States Friendship Commission         22, XVI
Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries       20, VIII
Justice Department                                5, XXVIII; 28, I, XI; 40, 
                                                  IV
  Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,     27, II
       Bureau of
  Drug Enforcement Administration                 21, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 28
  Federal Claims Collection Standards             31, IX
  Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                 28, III
  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the     45, V
       United States
  Immigration Review, Executive Office for        8, V
  Offices of Independent Counsel                  28, VI
  Prisons, Bureau of                              28, V
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 128
Labor Department                                  5, XLII
  Benefits Review Board                           20, VII
  Employee Benefits Security Administration       29, XXV
  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board           20, IV
  Employment and Training Administration          20, V
  Employment Standards Administration             20, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 29
  Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office    41, 60
       of
  Federal Procurement Regulations System          41, 50
  Labor-Management Standards, Office of           29, II, IV
  Mine Safety and Health Administration           30, I
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration   29, XVII
  Public Contracts                                41, 50

[[Page 783]]

  Secretary of Labor, Office of                   29, Subtitle A
  Veterans' Employment and Training Service,      41, 61; 20, IX
       Office of the Assistant Secretary for
  Wage and Hour Division                          29, V
  Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of       20, I
Labor-Management Standards, Office of             29, II, IV
Land Management, Bureau of                        43, II
Legal Services Corporation                        45, XVI
Library of Congress                               36, VII
  Copyright Office                                37, II
  Copyright Royalty Board                         37, III
Local Television Loan Guarantee Board             7, XX
Management and Budget, Office of                  5, III, LXXVII; 14, VI; 
                                                  48, 99
Marine Mammal Commission                          50, V
Maritime Administration                           46, II
Merit Systems Protection Board                    5, II
Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for       32, XXVII
Mine Safety and Health Administration             30, I
Minerals Management Service                       30, II
Minority Business Development Agency              15, XIV
Miscellaneous Agencies                            1, IV
Monetary Offices                                  31, I
Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in     36, XVI
     National Environmental Policy Foundation
National Aeronautics and Space Administration     5, LIX; 14, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 18
National Agricultural Library                     7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service          7, XXXVI
National and Community Service, Corporation for   45, XII, XXV
National Archives and Records Administration      5, LXVI; 36, XII
  Information Security Oversight Office           32, XX
National Bureau of Standards                      15, II
National Capital Planning Commission              1, IV
National Commission for Employment Policy         1, IV
National Commission on Libraries and Information  45, XVII
     Science
National Council on Disability                    34, XII
National Counterintelligence Center               32, XVIII
National Credit Union Administration              12, VII
National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact     28, IX
     Council
National Drug Control Policy, Office of           21, III
National Foundation on the Arts and the           45, XI
     Humanities
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration    23, II, III; 49, V
National Imagery and Mapping Agency               32, I
National Indian Gaming Commission                 25, III
National Institute for Literacy                   34, XI
National Institute of Standards and Technology    15, II
National Labor Relations Board                    5, LXI; 29, I
National Marine Fisheries Service                 50, II, IV, VI
National Mediation Board                          29, X
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration   15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
                                                  VI
National Park Service                             36, I
National Railroad Adjustment Board                29, III
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)  49, VII
National Science Foundation                       5, XLIII; 45, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 25
National Security Council                         32, XXI
National Security Council and Office of Science   47, II
     and Technology Policy
National Telecommunications and Information       15, XXIII; 47, III
     Administration
National Transportation Safety Board              49, VIII
National Weather Service                          15, IX
Natural Resources Conservation Service            7, VI
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of      25, IV
Navy Department                                   32, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 52

[[Page 784]]

Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation             24, XXV
Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste  10, XVIII
     Commission
Nuclear Regulatory Commission                     5, XLVIII; 10, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 20
Occupational Safety and Health Administration     29, XVII
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission  29, XX
Offices of Independent Counsel                    28, VI
Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust             36, XV
Operations Office                                 7, XXVIII
Overseas Private Investment Corporation           5, XXXIII; 22, VII
Patent and Trademark Office, United States        37, I
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel      41, 304
     Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of   41, 303
     Certain Employees
Peace Corps                                       22, III
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation       36, IX
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation              29, XL
Personnel Management, Office of                   5, I, XXXV; 45, VIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 17
  Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal  48, 21
       Acquisition Regulation
  Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition   48, 16
       Regulation
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety           49, I
     Administration
Postal Rate Commission                            5, XLVI; 39, III
Postal Service, United States                     5, LX; 39, I
Postsecondary Education, Office of                34, VI
President's Commission on White House             1, IV
     Fellowships
Presidential Documents                            3
Presidio Trust                                    36, X
Prisons, Bureau of                                28, V
Procurement and Property Management, Office of    7, XXXII
Productivity, Technology and Innovation,          37, IV
     Assistant Secretary
Public Contracts, Department of Labor             41, 50
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant    24, IX
     Secretary for
Public Health Service                             42, I
Railroad Retirement Board                         20, II
Reclamation, Bureau of                            43, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of                   45, IV
Regional Action Planning Commissions              13, V
Relocation Allowances                             41, 302
Research and Innovative Technology                49, XI
     Administration
Rural Business-Cooperative Service                7, XVIII, XLII
Rural Development Administration                  7, XLII
Rural Housing Service                             7, XVIII, XXXV
Rural Telephone Bank                              7, XVI
Rural Utilities Service                           7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation     33, IV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of          32, XXIV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of, and     47, II
     National Security Council
Secret Service                                    31, IV
Securities and Exchange Commission                17, II
Selective Service System                          32, XVI
Small Business Administration                     13, I
Smithsonian Institution                           36, V
Social Security Administration                    20, III; 48, 23
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, United States        5, XI
Special Counsel, Office of                        5, VIII
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,    34, III
     Office of
State Department                                  22, I; 28, XI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 6
Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board of  30, III
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,       30, VII
     Office of
Surface Transportation Board                      49, X
Susquehanna River Basin Commission                18, VIII

[[Page 785]]

Technology Administration                         15, XI
Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for        37, IV
Technology, Under Secretary for                   37, V
Tennessee Valley Authority                        5, LXIX; 18, XIII
Thrift Supervision Office, Department of the      12, V
     Treasury
Trade Representative, United States, Office of    15, XX
Transportation, Department of                     5, L
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 63
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 12
  Federal Aviation Administration                 14, I
  Federal Highway Administration                  23, I, II
  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration     49, III
  Federal Railroad Administration                 49, II
  Federal Transit Administration                  49, VI
  Maritime Administration                         46, II
  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration  23, II, III; 49, V
  Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety         49, I
       Administration
  Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation   33, IV
  Secretary of Transportation, Office of          14, II; 49, Subtitle A
  Surface Transportation Board                    49, X
  Transportation Statistics Bureau                49, XI
Transportation, Office of                         7, XXXIII
Transportation Security Administration            49, XII
Transportation Statistics Bureau                  49, XI
Travel Allowances, Temporary Duty (TDY)           41, 301
Treasury Department                               5, XXI; 12, XV; 17, IV; 
                                                  31, IX
  Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau        27, I
  Community Development Financial Institutions    12, XVIII
       Fund
  Comptroller of the Currency                     12, I
  Customs and Border Protection Bureau            19, I
  Engraving and Printing, Bureau of               31, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 10
  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center         31, VII
  Fiscal Service                                  31, II
  Foreign Assets Control, Office of               31, V
  Internal Revenue Service                        26, I
  International Investment, Office of             31, VIII
  Monetary Offices                                31, I
  Secret Service                                  31, IV
  Secretary of the Treasury, Office of            31, Subtitle A
  Thrift Supervision, Office of                   12, V
Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation           45, XVIII
United States and Canada, International Joint     22, IV
     Commission
United States and Mexico, International Boundary  22, XI
     and Water Commission, United States Section
Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation      43, III
     Commission
Veterans Affairs Department                       38, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 8
Veterans' Employment and Training Service,        41, 61; 20, IX
     Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Vice President of the United States, Office of    32, XXVIII
Vocational and Adult Education, Office of         34, IV
Wage and Hour Division                            29, V
Water Resources Council                           18, VI
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of         20, I
World Agricultural Outlook Board                  7, XXXVIII

[[Page 787]]



List of CFR Sections Affected



All changes in this volume of the Code of Federal Regulations that were 
made by documents published in the Federal Register since January 1, 
2001, are enumerated in the following list. Entries indicate the nature 
of the changes effected. Page numbers refer to Federal Register pages. 
The user should consult the entries for chapters and parts as well as 
sections for revisions.
For the period before January 1, 2001, see the ``List of CFR Sections 
Affected, 1949-1963, 1964-1972, 1973-1985 and 1986-2000'' published in 
11 separate volumes.

                                  2001

42 CFR
                                                                   66 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter IV
Chapter IV Nomenclature change; heading revised....................39452
400.200 Amended....................................................39452
400.203 Amended.....................................................6402
    Regulation at 66 FR 6402 effective date delayed................32776
    Regulation at 66 FR 6402 eff. date delayed to 8-16-02..........43090
402.1 (c) introductory text, (16), (29), (d)(2), (e)(1)(ii) and 
        (vii) revised; (c)(31), (32) and (33) added; eff. 10-29-01
                                                                   49546
402.105 (a) revised; (d)(3), (4) and (g) added; eff. 10-29-01......49546
402.107 (b)(8) revised; eff. 10-29-01..............................49546
405.520 (c) revised; eff. 10-29-01.................................49547
405.534 Introductory text added....................................55328
405.535 Heading revised; introductory text amended.................55328
405.2175 Added.....................................................33030
405.2468 (f)(6)(ii)(D) revised.....................................39932
410 Technical correction.............................13020, 13021, 16607
410.1 Regulation at 65 FR 83130 confirmed..........................14861
410.3 (a)(1) revised...............................................55328
410.10 (x) added...................................................55328
410.21 Redesignated from 410.22....................................55328
410.22 Redesignated as 410.21; new 410.22 redesignated from 410.23
                                                                   55328
410.23 Redesignated from 410.22; new 410.23 added..................55328
410.26 (a) and (b) redesignated as (b) and (c); new (a) and (c) 
        heading added..............................................55328
410.28 (f) added...................................................58809
410.32 (d) introductory text and (1) through (7) redesignated as 
        (d)(1) introductory text and (i) through (vii); new (d)(1) 
        heading and (2) through (e) added..........................58809
410.37 (d), (e)(2) and (g) revised; (e)(3) added...................55329
410.46 Added.......................................................55329
410.56 (b)(1), (2) introductory text and (3) revised...............55329
410.78 Revised.....................................................55330
410.130--410.134 (Subpart G) Added.................................55331
410.140--410.146 (Subpart H) Regulation at 65 FR 83148 confirmed 
                                                                   14861
410.150 (b)(14) revised............................................39599
410.152 (k)(2) revised; interim....................................32192
411 Technical correction......................................3497, 8771
    Comment period extension.......................................17813
411.1 (a) revised; eff. 1-4-02.......................................952
411.15 (q) redesignated as (r); new (q) added......................32778
    (p)(1), (2) introductory text, (i) and (3) introductory text 
revised............................................................39600
    (p)(2)(i) corrected............................................48078
    (a)(1) revised; (k)(10) added..................................55331
    Corrected......................................................58786
411.350 Revised; eff. 1-4-02.........................................952

[[Page 788]]

411.351 Revised; eff. 1-4-02.........................................952
411.352 Added; eff. 1-4-02...........................................956
411.353 Revised; eff. 1-4-02.........................................958
411.354 Added; eff. 1-4-02...........................................958
    Regulation at 66 FR 958 eff. date delayed to 1-6-03............60155
411.355 Revised; eff. 1-4-02.........................................959
411.357 (k) through (p) added; eff. 1-4-02...........................961
412 Technical correction....................................13020, 13021
412.1 Revised; eff. 1-1-02.........................................41385
412.2 (e)(4) revised...............................................39933
    (f)(9) added; eff. 10-9-01.....................................46924
412.20 (b) redesignated as (c); (a) and new (c) introductory text 
        revised; new (b) added; eff. 1-1-02........................41386
412.22 (a), (b), (e) introductory text and (h)(2) introductory 
        text revised; eff. 1-1-02..................................41386
412.23 (i) added...................................................39933
    Introductory text, (b) introductory text, (b)(2) introductory 
text, (8) and (9) revised; eff. 1-1-02.............................41386
412.25 (f) added...................................................39933
    (a) introductory text and (e)(2) introductory text revised; 
eff. 1-1-02........................................................41387
412.29 Introductory text revised; eff. 1-1-02......................41387
412.63 (s) revised; interim........................................32192
    (t) and (u) revised............................................39933
412.77 Heading and (a)(1) revised; (a)(2) removed; (a)(3) and (4) 
        redesignated as new (a)(2) and (3); interim................32192
412.80--412.86 (Subpart F) Heading revised; eff. 10-9-01...........46924
412.80 Undesignated center heading and (a)(3) added; heading 
        revised; eff. 10-9-01......................................46924
412.87 Undesignated center heading and section added; eff. 10-9-01
                                                                   46924
412.88 Added; eff. 10-9-01.........................................46924
412.92 (d)(1)(iv), (2)(i), (ii) and (iii) revised; interim.........32193
    (b)(1)(iii)(A) amended; (c)(1) revised.........................39933
412.105 (d)(3)(v) revised; interim.................................32193
    (a)(1), (d)(3)(vi), (f)(1)(ii)(C), (iii) and (ix) revised; 
(d)(3)(vii) added; (f)(1)(v) and (vii) amended.....................39933
412.106 (c)(1)(i) through (iv), (d)(2)(ii)(A) through (D), (iii), 
        (iv) and (e)(4) revised; interim...........................32193
    (e) heading and (5) revised....................................39934
412.108 (a)(1)(iii) introductory text and (b) revised; 
        (a)(1)(iii)(C) added; (d)(3)(iii) amended; interim.........32194
    (b) revised....................................................39932
412.113 (c) amended................................................39934
412.116 (a) revised; eff. 1-1-02...................................41387
412.130 (a)(1), (2) and (b) revised; eff. 1-1-02...................41387
412.230 (a)(5)(v) added; (e)(2) revised............................39934
412.232 (d)(2) revised.............................................39934
412.235 Added......................................................39935
412.273 (b) and (c) redesignated as (c) and (d); new (b) added; 
        Heading and new (c) revised................................39935
412.274 (b) revised................................................39935
412.348 (g)(6) revised; (g)(9) added...............................39936
412.600--412.632 (Subpart P) Added; eff. 1-1-02....................41388
413 Technical correction..............................3497, 13020, 13021
    Authority citation revised.......................39600, 39932, 41394
413.1 (d)(2)(ii) revised; (d)(2)(iv) and (v) added; eff. 1-1-02....41394
413.24 (d)(6) revised; (d)(7) added................................59920
413.40 (c)(4)(iii) introductory text, (A), (B)(4)(i) and (d)(2) 
        revised; interim...........................................32194
    (a)(2)(i)(C) and (iii)(C) added; (a)(2)(ii) revised; eff. 1-1-
02.................................................................41394
413.64 (h)(2)(i) revised; eff. 1-1-02..............................41394
413.65 (d)(7)(iii), (f)(3), (j)(3), (4) and (5) corrected...........1599
    (a)(1), (b) (c), (d) introductory text, (7), (g)(7), (i)(1) 
introductory text, (1)(ii) and (2) revised; (a)(2) amended.........59920
413.70 (b)(2)(ii), (iii), (3)(ii)(B) and (3)(iii) revised; interim
                                                                   32195
    (a)(1)(iv), (3), (b)(4), (5) and (6) added; (a)(2), (b)(1) and 
(2)(i)(C) revised..................................................39936
413.80 (h)(3) revised; (h)(4) added; interim.......................32195
413.85 (h) redesignated as 422.270; revised.........................3374

[[Page 789]]

    Regulation at 66 FR 3374 eff. date delayed.....................14342
413.86 (d)(4) revised; interim.....................................32195
    (g)(11)(i) introductory text and (ii) introductory text 
amended; (g)(11)(v)(C) revised.....................................39932
    (e)(4)(ii)(C)(1), (g)(4), (5) and (8) revised; (e)(5)(iv) 
removed; (g)(6) amended............................................39937
413.87 (c) introductory text, (1), (2) and (e) redesignated as 
        (c)(1) introductory text, (i), (ii) and (f); new (c)(1), 
        (d) introductory text, (3), new (f)(1) introductory text, 
        (1) and (2) revised; (c)(2) and (e) added; interim.........32195
413.114 (a), (c) heading and (d)(1) introductory text revised......39600
413.337 (e) added..................................................39600

                                  2002

42 CFR
                                                                   67 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter IV
Chapter IV Nomenclature change.....................................36540
400 Technical correction...........................................42609
400.200 Amended....................................................36540
400.203 Regulation at 66 FR 6402, 11546, 32276 and 43090 withdrawn
                                                                   40988
    Amended........................................................41094
403 Authority citation revised.....................................56682
403.800--403.820 (Subpart H) Added.................................56682
405 Technical correction....................................20681, 69146
405.371 (c) revised................................................66813
405.502 (g) and (h) revised; interim...............................76696
405.1885 (b) revised; (e) redesignated as (f); new (e) added.......50110
405.2175 Removed...................................................48801
408.200--408.210 (Subpart H) Added; eff. 3-26-03...................60996
410 Technical correction......................11549, 13278, 15011, 20681
    Policy statement...............................................67318
410.37 (a)(1)(v) and (2) revised...................................80040
410.40 (b), (d)(1), (2), (3) heading and introductory text and (i) 
        revised; (d)(3)(iii), (iv) and (v) added....................9132
410.59 (c)(1)(ii)(C) revised; (c)(1)(ii)(D) and (E) added..........80040
410.60 (c)(1)(ii)(C) revised; (c)(1)(ii)(D) and (E) added..........80041
410.61 (d)(1)(iii) revised.........................................80041
410.76 (b)(3) revised..............................................80041
410.78 Heading, (b) introductory text and (1) revised; (f) added 
                                                                   80041
411 Technical correction......................11549, 13278, 15011, 20681
411.354 Regulation at 66 FR 958 effective date delayed.............70322
412.1 (b)(12) redeisignated as (b)(13); (a)(3) and new (b)(12) 
        added......................................................56048
412.4 (f)(1) amended...............................................50111
412.20 (a) revised; (c) redesignated as (d); new (c) added.........56048
412.22 (h)(2) introductory text revised; (h)(2)(iii)(A) through 
        (F) redesignated as (h)(2)(iii)(B) through (G); new 
        (h)(2)(iii)(A) added.......................................50111
    (b) revised; (e)(6) and (h)(5) added...........................56048
412.23 (e) revised.................................................56048
412.25 (e)(2) introductory text revised; (e)(2)(iii)(A) through 
        (F) redesignated as (e)(2)(iii)(B) through (G); new 
        (e)(2)(iii)(A) added.......................................50111
412.63 (x)(2)(i)(A) amended; (x)(3) and (4) removed; (x)(5) 
        redesignated as (x)(3).....................................50111
412.80 (a)(2) revised..............................................50111
412.88 (a)(1) revised..............................................50111
412.92 (c)(2) revised..............................................50111
412.105 (a)(1), (f)(1)(iii)(A) and (vi) revised; (f)(1)(vii) 
        through (xii) amended......................................50111
412.106 (d)(2)(iv)(A) amended......................................50112
412.108 (b) revised................................................50112
412.113 (c)(2)(i)(D), (ii) and (iii) revised.......................50112
412.116 (a) heading revised; (a)(4) added..........................56049
412.230 (e)(2)(iii) added..........................................50113
412.273 Heading, (b)(2)(i) and (ii) revised; (d) redesignated as 
        (e); (b)(2)(iii) and new (d) added.........................50113
2.304 (c) revised..................................................50113
412.308 (b)(6) added...............................................50113
412.312 (e) added..................................................50113
412.500--412.541 (Subpart O) Added.................................56049
412.602 Amended....................................................44077
412.604 (b), (e)(1)(i) and (iii) amended...........................44077
412.610 (c)(2)(ii)(A) amended......................................44077

[[Page 790]]

412.618 (c) revised................................................44077
412.624 (a)(1), (c)(4) and (e)(4) amended; (g)(1) and (2) 
        introductory text revised..................................44077
412.626 (b)(1) and (2) amended.....................................44077
413 Technical correction.............................13278, 11549, 15011
    Authority citation revised.....................................50114
413.1 (d)(2)(iv) amended...........................................44077
    (d)(2)(ii) revised; (d)(2)(vi) and (vii) added.................56055
413.30 (d) corrected...............................................48802
413.40 (c)(4)(iii)(A)(2) revised...................................50114
    (a)(2)(i)(D) added; (a)(2)(ii)(A) and (B) amended; 
(a)(2)(ii)(C) and (iv) added.......................................56055
413.64 (h)(2)(i) and (3) introductory text revised.................56056
413.65 (a)(2) amended; (j) removed; (e), (f), (h), (i), (l), (m) 
        and (n) redesignated as (f), (h), (i), (j), (m), (n) and 
        (o); (a)(1)(ii), (G), (H), (b)(2), (3), (c), (d), new (f), 
        (g) introductory text, (1), (2), (7), new (h), (i), (j), 
        (k), new (n) heading and new (o) revised; (a)(1)(ii)(J), 
        (K), new (e) and (l) added.................................50114
413.70 (b)(3)(i) revised...........................................50118
413.86 (b), (e)(5)(i) introductory text and (g) cross references 
        amended; (e)(5)(i)(B), (f)(2) and (g)(4)(iv) revised; 
        (g)(7) through (12) redesignated as (g)(8) through (13); 
        new (g)(7) added...........................................50119
    (e)(4)(ii)(C)(2)(iii) correctly designated; (e)(4)(ii)(C)(2) 
introductory text, (i) and (iii) correctly added; CFR correction 
                                                                   61496
413.86 (e)(4)(ii)(C)(2)(iii) correctly designated; 
        (e)(4)(ii)(C)(2) introductory text, (i) and (iii) 
        correctly added; CFR correction............................61496

                                  2003

42 CFR
                                                                   68 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter IV
400.202 Amended....................................................63715
403.736 (a)(3) revised.............................................66720
403.738 (a)(4) added...............................................66720
403.744 (a)(1) revised; (c) added...................................1385
403.800--403.822 (Subpart H) Revised; interim......................69915
405 Technical correction.....................................6636, 22268
405.732 Revised....................................................63715
405.860 Revised....................................................63716
405.2401 (b) amended...............................................74815
405.2410 Revised...................................................74815
405.2462 Revised...................................................74816
408.20 (a)(5) and (b)(4) added; interim............................69927
408.21 Added.......................................................66723
409 Technical correction....................................55882, 58756
409.20 (c) introductory text revised...............................46070
    (c)(3) revised; (c)(4) added...................................50854
409.30 (b)(2) revised..............................................50854
409.31 (b)(2)(ii) revised; (b)(2)(iii) added.......................50854
410 Policy statement.........................................9567, 63398
    Technical correction....................................32400, 75442
410.130 Amended....................................................63261
410.140 Amended....................................................63261
410.141 (d) revised................................................63261
411 Technical correction....................................55882, 58756
411.15 (p)(2)(xii) revised.........................................46070
411.54 (c) and (d) revised.........................................43942
411.354 Regulation at 66 FR 958 effective date delayed.............20347
    (d)(1) eff. date delayed in part to 7-7-04.....................74491
412 Technical correction....................................22268, 57732
    Regulation at 68 FR 34122 corrected............................41860
412.4 (b), (c) and (d) revised; (f)(1) amended.....................45469
412.20 (b) redesignated as (b)(1); (b)(2) added....................45698
412.22 (h)(3)(ii) revised..........................................10988
    (h)(2) introductory text revised; (h)(6) added.................34162
    (e)(5)(i) amended; (f) revised.................................45469
    (h)(2) introductory text revised; (h)(6) removed; (h)(7) added
                                                                   45698
412.23 (e)(3)(ii) and (iii) revised................................45469
412.25 (e)(4) introductory text amended............................45469
    (e)(2) introductory text revised; (e)(5) added.................45698
412.29 (a)(2) revised..............................................45699
412.30 (b)(3) and (d)(2)(i) revised................................45699
412.84 (h) revised; (i), (j) and (k) redesignated as (j), (k) and 
        (l); new (i) and (m) added; new (k) and (l) amended........34515
412.87 (b)(3) revised..............................................45469

[[Page 791]]

    (b)(3) correctly designated....................................47637
412.105 (a)(1) introductory text, (i), (f)(1)(v) and (vi) amended; 
        (b) and (f)(1)(x) revised..................................45470
412.106 (a)(1)(ii) and (b)(4)(i) revised...........................45470
412.112 (d) added..................................................45470
412.115 (c) revised................................................67960
412.116 (e) amended................................................34515
    (e) revised....................................................45470
412.230 (e)(2)(ii)(A) revised......................................45470
412.278 (f)(2)(i) revised..........................................45471
412.503 Amended....................................................34162
412.523 (c)(3) and (d)(3) revised..................................34162
412.525 (a) revised................................................34163
    (a)(4) revised.................................................34515
412.529 (c)(1) introductory text revised; (c)(4) redesignated as 
        (c)(5) and amended; new (c)(4) added.......................34163
    (c)(5) revised.................................................34515
412.535 Revised....................................................34163
412.541 (d)(1) amended.............................................10988
412.602 Amended....................................................45699
412.604 (a)(2) introductory text revised...........................45699
412.608 Revised....................................................45699
412.610 (c)(1)(i)(C) revised.......................................45699
412.614 (a) introductory text revised; (a)(3) and (e) added........45699
412.624 (c), (d),(e)(1) and (4) revised............................45699
413 Technical correction......................22268, 55882, 57732, 58756
    Authority citation revised.....................................45471
413.24 (f)(4)(i) through (v) revised...............................50721
413.65 (a)(1)(ii)(D) revised.......................................46070
    (g) introductory text added; (g)(1) revised; eff. 11-10-03.....53261
413.70 (b)(2)(iii) introductory text revised.......................45471
413.85 (d)(1)(iii) and (g)(3) added; (h)(3) revised................45471
413.86 (b) and (g)(1) amended; (f) introductory text, (g)(4) 
        introductory text, (iv), (5) introductory text, (6)(i)(D), 
        (E), (7), (12) introductory text, (i), (ii) introductory 
        text, (A), (B)(1)(i), (iii), (iv) introductory text, (A) 
        and (iv)(B)(1) revised; (i) and (j) redesignated as (j) 
        and (k); (f)(4)(iv), (g)(5)(vii) and new (i) added.........45471
    (k) correctly redesignated as (l)..............................57733
413.337 (d)(2) revised.............................................46070
413.345 Amended....................................................46071
413.355 Added......................................................67960

                                  2004

42 CFR
                                                                   69 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter IV
403 Application deadline...........................................69536
403.744 (a) and (c) revised........................................49240
403.746 (c) added..................................................66419
403.764 Added......................................................66419
403.766 Added......................................................66419
403.768 Added......................................................66419
403.770 Added......................................................66419
405 Technical correction...........................................35527
405.207 (b) revised................................................66420
405.378 (b)(2) revised.............................................45607
405.400 Amended; interim............................................1116
405.517 (a) text redesignated as (a)(1) and amended; (a)(2) added; 
        interim.....................................................1116
    (a)(3) added...................................................66420
405.1200--405.1208 (Subpart J) Added...............................69264
406.12 (e)(2) introductory text and (i) revised; eff. 11-23-04.....57224
409.20 (c) introductory text revised...............................35529
410 Technical corrections..........................................15729
410.1 (a)(6) added.................................................66420
410.10 (y) added...................................................66420
410.16 Added.......................................................66420
410.17 Added.......................................................66421
410.18 Added.......................................................66421
410.26 (c) revised.................................................66421
410.32 (b)(2)(iii) revised.........................................66421
410.59 (a) introductory text, (3)(ii), (b) heading and (c)(2) 
        revised; (a)(3)(iii) and (e)(1)(iii) added.................66421
410.60 (a) introductory text, (3)(ii), (b) heading and (c)(2) 
        revised; (a)(3)(iii) and (e)(1)(iii) added.................66422
410.62 (a) introductory text, (2)(i), (iii), (3), (b) and (c) 
        revised....................................................66422
410.63 (b) heading revised; (c) added..............................66422
410.78 (a)(4) and (b) introductory text revised....................66423
410.160 (f) revised................................................66423
411 Technical correction; interim; eff. 7-26-04....................17933

[[Page 792]]

411.15 (a)(1) revised; (k)(11) added...............................66423
411.24 (m)(2)(ii) and (iii) revised................................45607
411.350--411.361 (Subpart J) Revised; interim; eff. 7-26-04........16126
411.354 (d)(1) eff. date delayed in part to 7-26-04................35529
411.370 Added; interim.............................................57227
411.372 Added; interim.............................................57227
411.373 Added; interim.............................................57227
411.375 Added; interim.............................................57228
411.377 Added; interim.............................................57229
411.378 Added; interim.............................................57229
411.379 Added; interim.............................................57229
411.380 Added; interim.............................................57229
411.382 Added; interim.............................................57229
411.384 Added; interim.............................................57230
411.386 Added; interim.............................................57230
411.387 Added; interim.............................................57230
411.388 Added; interim.............................................57230
411.389 Added; interim.............................................57230
411.404 (b) revised................................................66423
412 Authority citation revised.....................................66976
    Application deadline...........................................69536
412.1 (a)(2), (3), (b)(12) and (13) redesignated as (a)(3), (4), 
        (b)(13) and (14); new (a)(2) and (b)(12) added; new 
        (b)(13) and (14) amended...................................66976
412.2 (b)(3) added.................................................49240
412.4 (d) revised..................................................49240
412.20 (a) revised; (b), (c) and (d) redesignated as (c), (d) and 
        (e); new (b) added.........................................66976
412.22 (a) amended; (e) revised; (h)(6) added......................49240
    (e)(1) introductory text corrected.............................60252
    (b) revised....................................................66976
412.23 (e)(3) and (4) revised......................................25720
    (b)(2) revised.................................................25775
    (a)(1) and (2) redesignated as (a)(2) and (3); new (a)(1) 
added; (b) introductory text and (9) amended; (e) introductory 
text revised.......................................................66976
412.25 (g) added...................................................49241
    (a) introductory text revised..................................66976
412.27 Introductory text revised; (a) amended......................66976
412.29 Introductory text amended...................................66976
412.30 (c) and (d)(2)(ii) revised..................................25776
412.63 Heading, (a), (c)(1), (5), (6) and (u) revised; (b) 
        introductory text added....................................49241
412.64 Added.......................................................49242
412.87 (b)(3) revised..............................................49243
412.88 (c) removed.................................................49244
412.101 Added......................................................49244
412.102 Introductory text revised..................................49244
412.103 (a) introductory text revised; (a)(4) added................49244
    (a)(4) corrected...............................................60252
412.104 (a) revised................................................49244
412.105 (e) and (f)(1)(iv) redesignated as (e)(1) and 
        (f)(1)(iv)(A); (b) and (d)(3)(vii) revised; (d)(3)(viii) 
        through (xii), (4), (e)(2), (f)(1)(iv)(B) and (C) added; 
        (a)(1) introductory text, (f)(1)(i)(A), (ii)(C), (vi) 
        through (xii) and (g) amended..............................49244
412.106 (a)(1)(ii)(B), (C), (b)(2)(i) introductory text, 
        (d)(2)(ii), (iii) and (iv) revised; (a)(1)(ii)(D) added; 
        (a)(1)(iii) amended........................................49246
412.108 (a)(1) introductory text revised...........................49247
412.116 (a)(3) and (4) redesignated as (a)(4) and (5); new (a)(3) 
        added......................................................66977
412.130 (a)(1) and (2) amended.....................................66977
412.204 (a) introductory text and (b) introductory text revised; 
        (c) and (d) added..........................................49247
412.210 Heading and (a)(1) revised.................................49247
412.211 Added......................................................49248
412.212 (b) revised................................................49248
412.230 (a)(5)(ii), (d) and (e)(2)(i)(C) removed; (a)(5)(iii), 
        (iv), (v) and (e) redesignated as (a)(5)(ii), (iii), (iv) 
        and (d); (a)(1), (4), new (d)(3)(i) and (ii) revised; new 
        (d)(1), (2)(iii), (4) introductory text and (iii) amended; 
        (d)(3)(iii)(C) added.......................................49249
    (a)(1)(ii) and (d)(3)(iii)(C) corrected; (d)(3)(ii)(B) added 
                                                                   60252
    (d)(1)(iii)(A), (B) and (3) revised; (d)(1)(iii)(C) added......78529
412.232 (a)(1), (4) and (b) revised................................49249
    (a)(1)(i), (ii) and (4)(ii) corrected..........................60252

[[Page 793]]

412.234 (c) removed; (d) redesignated as (c); (a)(3), (4) and new 
        (c) revised................................................49249
412.236 Removed....................................................49250
412.252 (b) amended................................................49250
412.274 (b)(1) revised.............................................49250
412.312 (b)(2)(ii) and (e) revised.................................49250
    (e)(3) corrected...............................................60252
412.316 (b) revised................................................49250
412.320 (a)(1) revised.............................................49250
412.374 (a) revised; (b) and (c) redesignated as (c) and (d); new 
        (b) added..................................................49250
412.400--412.432 (Subpart N) Added.................................66977
412.521 (e) added..................................................49250
412.525 (d)(2) revised.............................................25721
    (b) correctly added; CFR correction............................34585
412.531 (a), (b)(1), (2) and (3) revised...........................25721
412.532 (f) and (i) amended........................................25722
412.534 Added......................................................49251
    (c)(1), (f)(1), (2) and (3) revised; (c)(2), (d)(1) and (e)(1) 
amended............................................................78529
413 Authority citation revised..............................49252, 66981
    Application deadline...........................................69536
413.1 (d)(2)(ii) revised; (d)(2)(iv) through (vii) redesignated as 
        (d)(2)(vi) through (ix); new (d)(2)(iv) and (v) added......66981
413.40 (c)(4)(iii)(A)(1), (2), (B)(4)(i), (d)(4)(i) introductory 
        text and (ii) introductory text revised....................49252
    (a)(2)(i)(C), (D), (iii) and (iv) redesignated as 
(a)(2)(i)(D), (E), (iv) and (v); new (a)(2)(i)(C) and (iii) added; 
(a)(2)(ii)(B) revised; (a)(2)(ii)(C) amended.......................66981
413.64 (h)(2) introductory text revised; (h)(2)(vi) added; 
        (h)(3)(iv) and (4) removed.................................49252
    (h)(2)(i) revised..............................................66981
413.70 (a) heading, (1), (b)(2)(i), (iii), (3) heading, (i), (ii) 
        and (4) revised; (a)(4), (d) and (e) added.................49252
    (e) revised....................................................66981
413.77 (f) corrected...............................................60252
413.79 (a)(10) corrected...........................................60252
    (a)(10) revised................................................78530
413.80 Redesignated as 413.89......................................49254
413.85 (b)(2) and (c)(3) amended...................................49254
413.86 Removed.....................................................49254
413.75--413.83 (Subpart F) Added...................................49254
413.87 (e) and (f)(1)(i) amended...................................49265
413.88 (b)(1), (2), (d)(7), (g)(1)(i)(A), (B) and (h)(1)(i) 
        amended....................................................49265
413.114 (a)(2) amended.............................................49265
413.302 Amended....................................................49265

                                  2005

42 CFR
                                                                   70 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter IV
400 Policy statement...............................................13397
400.202 Amended.....................................................4525
401.108 (c) revised; interim.......................................11472
    (c) corrected..................................................37702
403 Policy statement...............................................13397
403.205 Revised.....................................................4525
403.744 (a)(4) added; interim......................................15237
    (a)(2) and (3) correctly added.................................71007
403.766 (a) introductory text revised..............................16721
403.802 Amended....................................................52022
403.806 (g)(5)(i) and (iii) revised; (g)(5)(vi) added..............52023
403.813 (a)(1) revised.............................................52023
405.435 (b) introductory text revised; (d) added...................70329
405.502 (g) and (h) revised........................................73633
405.900--405.1140 (Subpart I) Added; interim.......................11472
405.912 (g) introductory text and (1) corrected....................37702
405.926 (j) and (n) correctly revised; interim.....................37702
405.946 (b) corrected..............................................37702
405.950 (b)(3) corrected...........................................37702
405.970 (c)(2) correctly revised; interim..........................37702
405.974 (b)(1)(i) and (ii) correctly added; interim................37703
405.980 (a)(1) introductory text, (3) introductory text, (4), (6), 
        (d)(2) and (e)(2) correctly revised; interim...............37703
405.986 (d) correctly removed; interim.............................37703
405.990 (b)(1)(i)(A) correctly revised; interim....................37703
405.1002 (a)(1) correctly revised; (a)(3) and (4) correctly added; 
        interim....................................................37703
405.1004 (a)(1) correctly revised; (a)(3) and (4) correctly added; 
        interim....................................................37703

[[Page 794]]

405.1014 (c)(4) corrected..........................................37703
405.1016 (b) and (d) correctly revised; interim....................37703
405.1018 (c) corrected.............................................37704
405.1020 (c)(1), (i) heading and (4) correctly revised; interim....37704
    Heading correctly revised......................................50214
405.1028 Heading corrected.........................................37704
405.1037 (a)(1), (c)(1) and (e)(2)(iv) corrected...................37704
405.1042 (a)(3) corrected..........................................37704
405.1046 (d) corrected.............................................37704
405.1052 (a)(4) and (5)(iii) corrected.............................37704
405.1060 (a)(4) correctly revised; interim.........................37704
405.1102 (a) correctly revised; (b) and (c) correctly redesignated 
        as (c) and (d); new (b) correctly added; interim...........37704
405.1104 (a)(2) and (c) corrected..................................37704
405.1106 (a) correctly revised; interim............................37704
405.1112 (a) corrected.............................................37704
405.1136 (d)(1) corrected..........................................37705
405.2468 (f)(1) amended............................................47484
405.2469 Added.....................................................70329
409.31 (b)(2)(ii) revised..........................................45055
409.60 (c) amended.................................................45055
410 Authority citation revised..............................50214, 50946
410.23 (a)(2)(i), (ii) and (iii) revised; (a)(2)(iv) added.........70330
410.38 (c) revised; eff. 10-25-05; interim.........................50946
410.78 (b) introductory text revised; (b)(2)(viii) added...........70330
411 Authority citation revised......................................4525
    Policy statement...............................................13397
    Authority citation corrected...................................57165
411.15 (p)(2)(xii) revised.........................................45055
411.351 Amended..............................................4525, 70330
412 Technical correction...........................................57168
412.1 (a)(1) amended...............................................47484
412.2 (f)(7) and (8) amended.......................................47484
412.4 (d)(1) introductory text, (v) and (f)(2) introductory text 
        revised; (d)(3) and (f)(5) added...........................47484
412.22 (e)(3) and (h)(5) revised...................................24222
412.25 (a) introductory text amended...............................47952
412.64 (b)(5) added; (i)(3)(iv) and (k)(2) revised.................47485
412.73 (f) added...................................................47485
412.75 (i) added...................................................47485
412.77 (a)(1) revised; (j) added...................................47485
412.90 (e)(1) revised..............................................47485
412.92 (a) introductory text amended; (d)(1)(i) and (3) revised....47485
412.96 (b)(1) introductory text, (c) introductory text and (g)(1) 
        revised; (c)(1) introductory text, (2)(i), (h) 
        introductory text, (2) and (i)(2) amended; (h)(4) and 
        (i)(4) removed.............................................47485
412.103 (a)(1) revised.............................................47486
412.105 (f)(1)(iv)(D), (xiii), (xiv) and (xv) added................47486
412.108 (c)(1) revised.............................................47486
412.109 (b)(2) revised.............................................47486
412.113 (b)(2) and (3) amended.....................................47486
412.115 (a) and (b) amended........................................47486
412.230 (a)(5)(iv) revised; (d)(2)(iii) redesignated as 
        (d)(2)(iv); new (d)(2)(iii) added..........................47486
    (a)(5)(iv) correctly designated as (a)(5)(iii).................57162
    (d)(2)(iii) correctly revised..................................57786
412.234 (a)(3)(ii) revised; (a)(3)(iii) added; (b)(1) amended......47487
412.278 (b)(1) amended.............................................47487
412.304 (a) revised................................................47487
412.402 Corrected..................................................16728
412.422 (b)(1) corrected...........................................16729
412.424 (c)(1), (d) introductory text and (3)(i) introductory text 
        corrected; (d)(3)(i)(B) correctly revised; (d)(3)(v) 
        correctly removed..........................................16729
412.426 (a) introductory text and (1) through (4) corrected........16729
412.521 (b)(2)(i) and (ii) amended.................................47487
412.525 (c) revised................................................24222
412.531 (b)(1)(i)(C) and (ii)(A)(1) revised........................24222
412.532 (i) revised................................................24222
412.602 Amended....................................................47952
412.622 (b)(1) and (2)(i) amended..................................47952
412.624 (d)(1) and (f)(2)(v) amended; (d)(4), (e)(6) and (7) 
        added; (e)(4) and (5) revised..............................47952
413.13 (d)(1) amended..............................................47487
413.24 (f)(4) (ii) and (iv) revised; interim.......................30643
413.40 (a)(3) amended; (c)(4)(iii) revised.........................47487

[[Page 795]]

413.65 (a)(1)(ii)(L) added; (a)(2) amended; (b)(3)(i), (ii), 
        (e)(1) introductory text, (i), (ii), (iii), (3) and (g)(7) 
        revised....................................................47487
413.75 (b) amended.................................................47489
413.77 (e)(1)(iii) amended.........................................47489
413.79 (a)(10), (c)(2) introductory text and (e)(1)(iv) revised; 
        (c)(3)(i) and (k) introductory text amended; (c)(6) and 
        (k)(7) added...............................................47489
413.87 (d) introductory text amended...............................47489
413.170 (b) revised................................................70330
413.174 (f) revised; (g) removed...................................70330
413.178 (a) and (b) amended........................................47489
413.180 (e) and (k) removed; (f) through (j), (l) and (m) 
        redesignated as (e) through (i), (j) and (k); (b), (d), 
        new (i) and (k) revised....................................70331
413.182 Revised....................................................70331
413.184 (a) and (b)(1) revised.....................................70331
413.186 Removed; new 413.186 redesignated from 413.190 and revised
                                                                   70331
413.188 Removed....................................................70331
413.190 Redesignated as 413.186....................................70331
413.192 Removed....................................................70332

                                  2006

  (Regulations published from January 1, 2006, through October 1, 2006)

42 CFR
                                                                   71 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter IV
403.502 Revised....................................................30290
403.504 (a) and (b) introductory text revised......................30290
403.508 (a) revised................................................30290
403.744 (a)(4)(iii) revised; (a)(4)(iv) amended; (a)(4)(v) added 
                                                                   55339
405 Technical correction...........................................13469
405.2401 (b) amended; interim......................................55345
405.2410 Revised; interim..........................................55345
405.2462 Revised; interim..........................................55345
405.2469 (a)(1) correctly revised...................................9460
409.3 (e) revised..................................................48135
409.5 Revised......................................................48135
410 Technical correction...........................................13469
410.38 (c) revised.................................................17030
410.66 Revised.....................................................48136
411 Nomenclature change; interim....................................9471
    Technical correction...........................................13469
    Authority citation revised.....................................45169
411.20 (a)(2) introductory text amended; interim....................9470
411.21 Amended; interim.............................................9470
411.22 Added; interim...............................................9470
411.24 (e) revised; (f)(2) and (i)(1) amended; interim..............9470
411.33 (f)(4) introductory text revised; interim....................9470
411.40 (b)(1)(i) amended; interim...................................9470
411.45 Revised; interim.............................................9470
411.50 (b), (c)(1) and (2) amended; interim.........................9470
411.52 Revised; interim.............................................9470
411.53 Revised; interim.............................................9470
411.351 Amended; eff. 10-10-06.....................................45169
411.357 (v) and (w) added; eff. 10-10-06...........................45169
412 Authority citation revised..............................27086, 48136
    Technical correction...........................................57447
412.8 (b)(2) revised; (c) added....................................48136
412.22 (f) introductory text, (h)(1), (3) and (4) revised; (h)(5), 
        (6) and (7) redesignated as (h)(6), (7) and (8); (f)(3) 
        and new (h)(5) added; (h)(2) and new (h)(6) amended........48136
412.23 (b)(2)(i) introductory text and (ii) revised................48408
412.25 (e) introductory text and (3) introductory text amended; 
        (e)(3) and (4) introductory text revised; (e)(5) 
        redesignated as (e)(6); new (e)(5) added...................48137
412.27 (b) revised.................................................27086
412.42 (d) amended.................................................48137
412.48 (b) amended.................................................48137
412.64 (d)(2) revised; (h)(6) added................................48137
412.79 Added.......................................................48137
412.84 (m) amended.................................................48138
412.90 (j) revised.................................................48138
412.92 (b)(2)(iv) amended; (b)(3) revised..........................48138
412.96 (c)(2)(i) introductory text, (ii) and (i)(3) revised........48138
412.105 (a)(1)(i) and (f)(1)(vi) revised; interim..................18665
    (f)(1)(ii)(C) revised; (f)(1)(iii)(C) added....................48139
412.106 (a)(1)(iii) and (d)(2)(iv)(C)(3) revised; (d)(2)(iv)(D) 
        and (v) added..............................................48139

[[Page 796]]

412.108 (a)(1) introductory text and (b)(4) revised; (c)(2)(iii) 
        added......................................................48139
412.116 (e) amended................................................48140
412.234 (a)(3)(ii) amended; (a)(3)(iii) revised; (a)(3)(iv) added 
                                                                   48140
412.316 (a), (b)(2) and (c) revised; (b)(3) added..................48140
412.320 (a)(1)(ii) revised; (a)(1)(iii) added......................48140
412.402 Amended....................................................27086
412.424 (d)(1)(iii), (v)(A), (3)(i) introductory text and (A) 
        revised; (d)(2) introductory text added; (d)(2)(iii) 
        removed....................................................27086
412.426 (a) introductory text amended..............................27087
412.428 (b) and (d) revised; (g) and (h) added.....................27087
412.505 (b)(1) revised.............................................48140
412.508 (c)(3) amended.............................................48140
412.511 Revised....................................................48140
412.523 (c)(3)(ii) and (d)(3) revised; (c)(3)(iii) added...........27899
412.525 (a)(3), (4)(ii) and (iii) revised; (a)(4)(iv), (d)(3) and 
        (4) added..................................................48140
412.529 (c) revised; (d) and (e) added.............................27899
    (c)(3) revised.................................................48141
412.531 (b)(1)(i)(C) revised; (b)(1)(ii)(A)(2) redesignated as 
        (b)(1)(ii)(A)(3); new (b)(1)(ii)(A)(2) added...............27900
412.532 (a)(2) and (b) revised.....................................48141
412.534 (c)(1), (2), (d)(1) and (e)(1) revised; (f) redesignated 
        as (g); new (f) added......................................27900
412.541 (b)(2)(i) amended..........................................48141
412.624 (e)(5) and (f)(2)(v) revised...............................48408
413 Technical correction...........................................13469
    Authority citation revised..............................31046, 48141
413.74 (a) revised.................................................48141
413.75 (b) amended; interim........................................18666
    (b) amended....................................................48141
413.77 (e)(1) introductory text and (i) revised; (h) added.........48142
413.78 (c)(1), (d)(1) and (e)(1) revised...........................48142
413.79 (f) introductory text revised; (f)(6) added; interim........18666
    (f)(6)(ii) revised.............................................38266
    (e)(1)(iv) revised; (f) introductory text amended..............48142
413.85 (h)(3) revised..............................................48142
413.89 (a) and (h) revised.........................................48142
413.200 (f) amended................................................31046
413.202 Amended....................................................31046


                                  [all]
