[Title 40 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2000 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]



[[Page i]]

          

                    40


          Part 86

                         Revised as of July 1, 2000

Protection of Environment





          Containing a Codification of documents of general 
          applicability and future effect
          As of July 1, 2000
          With Ancillaries
          Published by
          Office of the Federal Register
          National Archives and Records
          Administration

As a Special Edition of the Federal Register



[[Page ii]]

                                      




                     U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                            WASHINGTON : 2000



               For sale by U.S. Government Printing Office
 Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328



[[Page iii]]




                            Table of Contents



                                                                    Page
  Explanation.................................................       v

  Title 40:
          Chapter I--Environmental Protection Agency                 3
  Finding Aids:
      Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference........    1219
      Table of CFR Titles and Chapters........................    1223
      Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR......    1241
      List of CFR Sections Affected...........................    1251



[[Page iv]]


      


                     ----------------------------

                     Cite this Code:  CFR
                     To cite the regulations in 
                       this volume use title, 
                       part and section number. 
                       Thus, 40 CFR 86.1 refers 
                       to title 40, part 86, 
                       section 1.

                     ----------------------------

[[Page v]]



                               EXPLANATION

    The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and 
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive 
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided 
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal 
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the 
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into 
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
    Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year 
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:

Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1

    The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each 
volume.

LEGAL STATUS

    The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially 
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie 
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).

HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

    The Code of Federal Regulations is kept up to date by the individual 
issues of the Federal Register. These two publications must be used 
together to determine the latest version of any given rule.
    To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its 
revision date (in this case, July 1, 2000), consult the ``List of CFR 
Sections Affected (LSA),'' which is issued monthly, and the ``Cumulative 
List of Parts Affected,'' which appears in the Reader Aids section of 
the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal 
Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.

EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES

    Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal 
Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source 
citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page 
number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication 
dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be 
exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In 
instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the 
Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In 
those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register 
states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be 
inserted following the text.

OMB CONTROL NUMBERS

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires 
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information 
collection request.

[[Page vi]]

Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as 
amendments to existing regulations in the CFR. These OMB numbers are 
placed as close as possible to the applicable recordkeeping or reporting 
requirements.

OBSOLETE PROVISIONS

    Provisions that become obsolete before the revision date stated on 
the cover of each volume are not carried. Code users may find the text 
of provisions in effect on a given date in the past by using the 
appropriate numerical list of sections affected. For the period before 
January 1, 1986, consult either the List of CFR Sections Affected, 1949-
1963, 1964-1972, or 1973-1985, published in seven separate volumes. For 
the period beginning January 1, 1986, a ``List of CFR Sections 
Affected'' is published at the end of each CFR volume.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

    What is incorporation by reference? Incorporation by reference was 
established by statute and allows Federal agencies to meet the 
requirement to publish regulations in the Federal Register by referring 
to materials already published elsewhere. For an incorporation to be 
valid, the Director of the Federal Register must approve it. The legal 
effect of incorporation by reference is that the material is treated as 
if it were published in full in the Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 552(a)). 
This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force 
of law.
    What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the 
Federal Register will approve an incorporation by reference only when 
the requirements of 1 CFR part 51 are met. Some of the elements on which 
approval is based are:
    (a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of 
material published in the Federal Register.
    (b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent 
necessary to afford fairness and uniformity in the administrative 
process.
    (c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for 
publication in accordance with 1 CFR part 51.
    Properly approved incorporations by reference in this volume are 
listed in the Finding Aids at the end of this volume.
    What if the material incorporated by reference cannot be found? If 
you have any problem locating or obtaining a copy of material listed in 
the Finding Aids of this volume as an approved incorporation by 
reference, please contact the agency that issued the regulation 
containing that incorporation. If, after contacting the agency, you find 
the material is not available, please notify the Director of the Federal 
Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC 
20408, or call (202) 523-4534.

CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES

    A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a 
separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index 
and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Statutory 
Authorities and Agency Rules (Table I). A list of CFR titles, chapters, 
and parts and an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are 
also included in this volume.
    An index to the text of ``Title 3--The President'' is carried within 
that volume.
    The Federal Register Index is issued monthly in cumulative form. 
This index is based on a consolidation of the ``Contents'' entries in 
the daily Federal Register.
    A List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA) is published monthly, keyed to 
the revision dates of the 50 CFR titles.

[[Page vii]]


REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL

    There are no restrictions on the republication of material appearing 
in the Code of Federal Regulations.

INQUIRIES

    For a legal interpretation or explanation of any regulation in this 
volume, contact the issuing agency. The issuing agency's name appears at 
the top of odd-numbered pages.
    For inquiries concerning CFR reference assistance, call 202-523-5227 
or write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National 
Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408 or e-mail 
[email protected].

SALES

    The Government Printing Office (GPO) processes all sales and 
distribution of the CFR. For payment by credit card, call 202-512-1800, 
M-F, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. e.s.t. or fax your order to 202-512-2233, 24 hours 
a day. For payment by check, write to the Superintendent of Documents, 
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Customer Service call 202-512-1803.

ELECTRONIC SERVICES

    The full text of the Code of Federal Regulations, The United States 
Government Manual, the Federal Register, Public Laws, Public Papers, 
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents and the Privacy Act 
Compilation are available in electronic format at www.access.gpo.gov/
nara (``GPO Access''). For more information, contact Electronic 
Information Dissemination Services, U.S. Government Printing Office. 
Phone 202-512-1530, or 888-293-6498 (toll-free). E-mail, 
[email protected].
    The Office of the Federal Register also offers a free service on the 
National Archives and Records Administration's (NARA) World Wide Web 
site for public law numbers, Federal Register finding aids, and related 
information. Connect to NARA's web site at www.nara.gov/fedreg. The NARA 
site also contains links to GPO Access.

                              Raymond A. Mosley,
                                    Director,
                          Office of the Federal Register.

July 1, 2000.



[[Page ix]]



                               THIS TITLE

    Title 40--Protection of Environment is composed of twenty-four 
volumes. The parts in these volumes are arranged in the following order: 
parts 1-49, parts 50-51, part 52 (52.01-52.1018), part 52 (52.1019-End), 
parts 53-59, part 60, parts 61-62, part 63 (63.1-63.1199), part 63 
(63.1200-End), parts 64-71, parts 72-80, parts 81-85, part 86, parts 87-
135, parts 136-149, parts 150-189, parts 190-259, parts 260-265, parts 
266-299, parts 300-399, parts 400-424, parts 425-699, parts 700-789, and 
part 790 to End. The contents of these volumes represent all current 
regulations codified under this title of the CFR as of July 1, 2000.

    Chapter I--Environmental Protection Agency appears in all twenty-
four volumes. A Pesticide Tolerance Commodity/Chemical Index and Crop 
Grouping Commodities Index appear in parts 150-189. A Toxic Substances 
Chemical--CAS Number Index appears in parts 700-789 and part 790 to End. 
Redesignation Tables appear in the volumes containing parts 50-51, parts 
150-189, and parts 700-789. Regulations issued by the Council on 
Environmental Quality appear in the volume containing part 790 to End. 
The OMB control numbers for title 40 appear in Sec. 9.1 of this chapter.

    For this volume, Jonn V. Lilyea was Chief Editor. The Code of 
Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of 
Frances D. McDonald, assisted by Alomha S. Morris.

[[Page x]]





[[Page 1]]



                   TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT




                      (This book contains part 86)

  --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Part

chapter i--Environmental Protection Agency (Continued)......          86

[[Page 3]]



         CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

                 SUBCHAPTER C--AIR PROGRAMS (Continued)

Part                                                                Page
86              Control of emissions from new and in-use 
                    highway vehicles and engines............           5



  Editorial Note: Subchapter C--Air programs is contained in volumes 40 
CFR parts 50-51, part 52 (52.01-52.1018), part 52 (52.1019-End), parts 
53-59, part 60, parts 61-62, part 63 (63.1-63.1199), part 63 (63.1200-
End), parts 64-71, parts 72-80, parts 81-85, part 86, and parts 87-135.

[[Page 5]]





                 SUBCHAPTER C--AIR PROGRAMS--(Continued)



PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES--Table of Contents




Sec.
86.1  Reference materials.

  Subpart A--General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and 

    Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and 
        Heavy-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New 

         Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum 
              Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles

86.000-2  Definitions.
86.000-3  Abbreviations.
86.000-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of 
          entry.
86.000-8  Emission standards for 2000 and later model year light-duty 
          vehicles.
86.000-9  Emission standards for 2000 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.000-16  Prohibition of defeat devices.
86.000-21  Application for certification.
86.000-23  Required data.
86.000-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.000-25  Maintenance.
86.000-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
86.000-28  Compliance with emission standards.
86.001-1  General applicability.
86.001-2  Definitions.
86.001-9  Emission standards for 2001 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.001-21  Application for certification.
86.001-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet 
          selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment 
          for certification and Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of 
          limits, and physically adjustable ranges.
86.001-23  Required data.
86.001-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.001-25  Maintenance.
86.001-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
86.001-28  Compliance with emission standards.
86.001-30  Certification.
86.001-35  Labeling.
86.004-2  Definitions.
86.004-9  Emission standards for 2004 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.004-11  Emission standards for 2004 and later model year diesel 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.004-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and 
          banking for heavy-duty engines.
86.004-21  Application for certification.
86.004-25  Maintenance.
86.004-28  Compliance with emission standards.
86.004-30  Certification.
86.004-38  Maintenance instructions.
86.004-40  Heavy-duty engine rebuilding practices.
86.078-3  Abbreviations.
86.078-6  Hearings on certification.
86.079-31  Separate certification.
86.079-32  Addition of a vehicle or engine after certification.
86.079-33  Changes to a vehicle or engine covered by certification.
86.079-36  Submission of vehicle identification numbers.
86.079-39  Submission of maintenance instructions.
86.080-12  Alternative certification procedures.
86.082-2  Definitions.
86.082-34  Alternative procedure for notification of additions and 
          changes.
86.084-2  Definitions.
86.084-4  Section numbering; construction.
86.084-40  Automatic expiration of reporting and recordkeeping 
          requirements.
86.085-1  General applicability.
86.085-2  Definitions.
86.085-13  Alternative Durability Program.
86.085-20  Incomplete vehicles, classification.
86.085-37  Production vehicles and engines.
86.087-2  Definitions.
86.087-38  Maintenance instructions.
86.088-2  Definitions.
86.088-10  Emission standards for 1988 and 1989 model year gasoline-
          fueled heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.090-1  General applicability.
86.090-2  Definitions.
86.090-3  Abbreviations.
86.090-5  General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.
86.090-8  Emission standards for 1990 and later model year light-duty 
          vehicles.
86.090-9  Emission standards for 1990 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.090-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.
86.090-21  Application for certification.
86.090-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet 
          selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment 
          for certification and Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of 
          limits, and physically adjustable ranges.
86.090-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.090-25  Maintenance.

[[Page 6]]

86.090-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission requirements.
86.090-27  Special test procedures.
86.091-2  Definitions.
86.091-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of 
          entry.
86.091-9  Emission standards for 1991 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.091-10  Emission standards for 1991 and later model year Otto-cycle 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.091-11  Emission standards for 1991 and later model year diesel 
          heavy-duty engines.
86.091-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and 
          banking for heavy-duty engines.
86.091-21  Application for certification.
86.091-23  Required data.
86.091-28  Compliance with emission standards.
86.091-29  Testing by the Administrator.
86.091-30  Certification.
86.091-35  Labeling.
86.092-1  General applicability.
86.092-2  Definitions.
86.092-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.
86.092-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and 
          banking for heavy-duty engines.
86.092-23  Required data.
86.092-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.092-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
86.092-35  Labeling.
86.093-2  Definitions.
86.093-11  Emission standards for 1993 and later model year diesel 
          heavy-duty engines.
86.093-35  Labeling.
86.094-1  General applicability.
86.094-2  Definitions.
86.094-3  Abbreviations.
86.094-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of 
          entry.
86.094-8  Emission standards for 1994 and later model year light-duty 
          vehicles.
86.094-9  Emission standards for 1994 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.094-11  Emission standards for 1994 and later model year diesel 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.094-13  Light-duty exhaust durability programs.
86.094-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.
86.094-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and 
          banking for heavy-duty engines.
86.094-16  Prohibition of defeat devices.
86.094-17  Emission control diagnostic system for 1994 and later light-
          duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
86.094-21  Application for certification.
86.094-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet 
          selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment 
          for certification and Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of 
          limits, and physically adjustable ranges.
86.094-23  Required data.
86.094-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.094-25  Maintenance.
86.094-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission requirements.
86.094-28  Compliance with emission standards.
86.094-30  Certification.
86.094-35  Labeling.
86.094-38  Maintenance instructions.
86.095-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.
86.095-23  Required data.
86.095-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.095-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
86.095-30  Certification.
86.095-35  Labeling.
86.096-2  Definitions.
86.096-3  Abbreviations.
86.096-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of 
          entry.
86.096-8  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year light-duty 
          vehicles.
86.096-9  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.096-10  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year Otto-cycle 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.096-11  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year diesel 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.096-14  Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.
86.096-21  Application for certification.
86.096-23  Required data.
86.096-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.096-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
86.096-30  Certification.
86.096-35  Labeling.
86.097-9  Emission standards for 1997 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.098-2  Definitions.
86.098-3  Abbreviations.
86.098-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of 
          entry.
86.098-8  Emission standards for 1998 and later model year light-duty 
          vehicles.
86.098-10  Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.098-11  Emission standards for 1998 and later model year diesel 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.098-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.
86.098-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and 
          banking for heavy-duty engines.
86.098-17  Emission control diagnostic system for 1998 and later light-
          duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

[[Page 7]]

86.098-21  Application for certification.
86.098-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet 
          selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment 
          for certification and Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of 
          limits, and physically adjustable ranges.
86.098-23  Required data.
86.098-24  Test vehicles and engines.
86.098-25  Maintenance.
86.098-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
86.098-28  Compliance with emission standards.
86.098-30  Certification.
86.098-35  Labeling.
86.099-1  General applicability.
86.099-8  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty 
          vehicles.
86.099-9  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty 
          trucks.
86.099-10  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year Otto-cycle 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.099-11  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year diesel 
          heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
86.099-17  Emission control diagnostic system for 1999 and later light-
          duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
86.099-30  Certification.

Subpart B--Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-
   duty Vehicles, New Light-duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger 
                        Vehicles; Test Procedures

86.101  General applicability.
86.102  Definitions.
86.103  Abbreviations.
86.104  Section numbering; construction.
86.105  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.106-00  Equipment required; overview.
86.106-90  Equipment required; overview.
86.106-94  Equipment required; overview.
86.106-96  Equipment required; overview.
86.107-90  Sampling and analytical system; evaporative emissions.
86.107-96  Sampling and analytical systems; evaporative emissions.
86.107-98  Sampling and analytical system.
86.108-00  Dynamometer.
86.108-79  Dynamometer.
86.109-90  Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles.
86.109-94  Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles not 
          requiring particulate emission measurements.
86.110-90  Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel vehicles.
86.110-94  Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel-cycle vehicles, and Otto-
          cycle vehicles requiring particulate emissions measurements.
86.111-90  Exhaust gas analytical system.
86.111-94  Exhaust gas analytical system.
86.112-91  Weighing chamber (or room) and microgram balance 
          specifications.
86.113-04  Fuel specifications.
86.113-91  Fuel specifications.
86.113-94  Fuel specifications.
86.114-79  Analytical gases.
86.114-94  Analytical gases.
86.115-00  EPA urban dynamometer driving schedules.
86.115-78  EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.
86.116-90  Calibrations, frequency and overview.
86.116-94  Calibrations, frequency and overview.
86.117-90  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.
86.117-96  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.
86.118-00  Dynamometer calibrations.
86.118-78  Dynamometer calibration.
86.119-90  CVS calibration.
86.120-82  Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate 
          measurement.
86.120-94  Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate, 
          methanol and formaldehyde measurement.
86.121-82  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.121-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.122-78  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
86.123-78  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
86.124-78  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
86.125-94  Methane analyzer calibration.
86.126-90  Calibration of other equipment.
86.127-00  Test procedures; overview.
86.127-90  Test procedures; overview.
86.127-94  Test procedures; overview.
86.127-96  Test procedures; overview.
86.128-00  Transmissions.
86.128-79  Transmissions.
86.129-00  Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class 
          determination.
86.129-80  Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class 
          determination.
86.129-94  Road load power, test weight, inertia weight class 
          determination, and fuel temperature profile.
86.130-00  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.130-78  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.130-96  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.131-00  Vehicle preparation.
86.131-90  Vehicle preparation.
86.131-96  Vehicle preparation.
86.132-00  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.132-90  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.132-96  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.133-90  Diurnal breathing loss test.
86.133-96  Diurnal emission test.
86.134-96  Running loss test.
86.135-00  Dynamometer procedure.
86.135-90  Dynamometer procedure.

[[Page 8]]

86.135-94  Dynamometer procedure.
86.136-90  Engine starting and restarting.
86.137-90  Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.
86.137-94  Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.
86.137-96  Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.
86.138-90  Hot-soak test.
86.138-96  Hot soak test.
86.139-90  Particulate filter handling and weighing.
86.140-82  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.140-90  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.140-94  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.142-90  Records required.
86.143-90  Calculations; evaporative emissions.
86.143-96  Calculations; evaporative emissions.
86.144-90  Calculations; exhaust emissions.
86.144-94  Calculations; exhaust emissions.
86.145-82  Calculations; particulate emissions.
86.146-96  Fuel dispensing spitback procedure.
86.150-98  Refueling test procedure; overview.
86.151-98  General requirements; refueling test.
86.152-98  Vehicle preparation; refueling test.
86.153-98  Vehicle and canister preconditioning; refueling test.
86.154-98  Measurement procedure; refueling test.
86.155-98  Records required; refueling test.
86.156-98  Calculations; refueling test.
86.157-98  Refueling test procedures for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
          vehicles.
86.158-00  Supplemental Federal Test Procedures; overview.
86.159-00  Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.
86.160-00  Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions.
86.161-00  Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient 
          requirements.
86.162-00  Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations and 
          descriptions of AC1 and AC2.
86.162-03  Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations.
86.163-00  Spot check correlation procedures for vehicles tested using a 
          simulation of the environmental test cell for air conditioning 
          emission testing.
86.164-00  Supplemental Federal Test Procedure calculations.

 Subpart C--Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-
  Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-
        Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures

86.201-94  General applicability.
86.202-94  Definitions.
86.203-94  Abbreviations.
86.204-94  Section numbering; construction.
86.205-94  Introduction; structure of this subpart.
86.206-94  Equipment required; overview.
86.207-94  [Reserved]
86.208-94  Dynamometer.
86.209-94  Exhaust gas sampling system; gasoline-fueled vehicles.
86.210-94  [Reserved]
86.211-94  Exhaust gas analytical system.
86.212-94  [Reserved]
86.213-04  Fuel specifications.
86.213-94  Fuel specifications.
86.214-94  Analytical gases.
86.215-94  EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.
86.216-94  Calibrations, frequency and overview.
86.217-94  [Reserved]
86.218-94  Dynamometer calibration.
86.219-94  CVS calibration.
86.220-94  [Reserved]
86.221-94  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.222-94  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
86.223-94  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
86.224-94  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
86.225-94  [Reserved]
86.226-94  Calibration of other equipment.
86.227-94  Test procedures; overview.
86.228-94  Transmissions.
86.229-94  Road load force, test weight, and inertia weight class 
          determination.
86.230-94  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.231-94  Vehicle preparation.
86.232-94  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.233-94--86.234-94  [Reserved]
86.235-94  Dynamometer procedure.
86.236-94  Engine starting and restarting.
86.237-94  Dynamometer test run, gaseous emissions.
86.238-94--86.239-94  [Reserved]
86.240-94  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.241-94  [Reserved]
86.242-94  Records required.
86.243-94  [Reserved]
86.244-94  Calculations; exhaust emissions.
86.245-94  [Reserved]
86.246-94  Intermediate temperature testing.

   Subpart D--Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-
       Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures

86.301-79  Scope; applicability.
86.302-79  Definitions.
86.303-79  Abbreviations.
86.304-79  Section numbering; construction.
86.305-79  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.306-79  Equipment required and specifications; overview.

[[Page 9]]

86.307-82  Fuel specifications.
86.308-79  Gas specifications.
86.309-79  Sampling and analytical system; schematic drawing.
86.310-79  Sampling and analytical system; component specifications.
86.311-79  Miscellaneous equipment; specifications.
86.312-79  Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications.
86.313-79  Air flow measurement specifications; diesel engines.
86.314-79  Fuel flow measurement specifications.
86.315-79  General analyzer specifications.
86.316-79  Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide analyzer specifications.
86.317-79  Hydrocarbon analyzer specifications.
86.318-79  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer specifications.
86.319-79  Analyzer checks and calibrations; frequency and overview.
86.320-79  Analyzer bench check.
86.321-79  NDIR water rejection ratio check.
86.322-79  NDIR CO2 rejection ratio check.
86.327-79  Quench check; NOX analyzer.
86.328-79  Leak checks.
86.329-79  System response time; check procedure.
86.330-79  NDIR analyzer calibration.
86.331-79  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.332-79  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
86.333-79  Dynamometer calibration.
86.334-79  Test procedure overview.
86.335-79  Gasoline-fueled engine test cycle.
86.336-79  Diesel engine test cycle.
86.337-79  Information.
86.338-79  Exhaust measurement accuracy.
86.339-79  Pre-test procedures.
86.340-79  Gasoline-fueled engine dynamometer test run.
86.341-79  Diesel engine dynamometer test run.
86.342-79  Post-test procedures.
86.343-79  Chart reading.
86.344-79  Humidity calculations.
86.345-79  Emission calculations.
86.346-79  Alternative NOX measurement technique.
86.347-79  Alternative calculations for diesel engines.
86.348-79  Alternative to fuel H/C analysis.

  Subpart E--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, 
                           General Provisions

86.401-90  General applicability.
86.401-97  General applicability.
86.402-78  Definitions.
86.402-98  Definitions.
86.403-78  Abbreviations.
86.404-78  Section numbering.
86.405-78  Measurement system.
86.406-78  Introduction, structure of subpart, further information.
86.407-78  Certificate of conformity required.
86.408-78  General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.
86.409-78  Defeat devices, prohibition.
86.410-80  Emission standards for 1980 and later model year motorcycles.
86.410-90  Emission standards for 1990 and later model year motorcycles.
86.411-78  Maintenance instructions, vehicle purchaser.
86.412-78  Maintenance instructions, submission to Administrator.
86.413-78  Labeling.
86.414-78  Submission of vehicle identification number.
86.415-78  Production vehicles.
86.416-80  Application for certification.
86.417-78  Approval of application for certification.
86.418-78  Test fleet selection.
86.419-78  Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.
86.420-78  Engine families.
86.421-78  Test fleet.
86.422-78  Administrator's fleet.
86.423-78  Test vehicles.
86.425-78  Test procedures.
86.426-78  Service accumulation.
86.427-78  Emission tests.
86.428-80  Maintenance, scheduled; test vehicles.
86.429-78  Maintenance, unscheduled; test vehicles.
86.430-78  Vehicle failure.
86.431-78  Data submission.
86.432-78  Deterioration factor.
86.434-78  Testing by the Administrator.
86.435-78  Extrapolated emission values.
86.436-78  Additional service accumulation.
86.437-78  Certification.
86.438-78  Amendments to the application.
86.439-78  Alternative procedure for notification of additions and 
          changes.
86.440-78  Maintenance of records.
86.441-78  Right of entry.
86.442-78  Denial, revocation, or suspension of certification.
86.443-78  Request for hearing.
86.444-78  Hearings on certification.

Subpart F--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, Test 
                               Procedures

86.501-78  Applicability.
86.502-78  Definitions.
86.503-78  Abbreviations.
86.504-78  Section numbering.
86.505-78  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.508-78  Dynamometer.
86.509-90  Exhaust gas sampling system.
86.511-90  Exhaust gas analytical system.
86.513-87  Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

[[Page 10]]

86.513-90  Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.
86.513-94  Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.
86.514-78  Analytical gases.
86.515-78  EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.
86.516-90  Calibrations, frequency and overview.
86.518-78  Dynamometer calibration.
86.519-78  Constant volume sampler calibration.
86.519-90  Constant volume sampler calibration.
86.521-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.522-78  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
86.523-78  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
86.524-78  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
86.526-90  Calibration of other equipment.
86.527-90  Test procedures, overview.
86.528-78  Transmissions.
86.529-78  Road load force and inertia weight determination.
86.529-98  Road load force and inertia weight determination.
86.530-78  Test sequence, general requirements.
86.531-78  Vehicle preparation.
86.532-78  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.535-90  Dynamometer procedure.
86.536-78  Engine starting and restarting.
86.537-90  Dynamometer test runs.
86.540-90  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.542-90  Records required.
86.544-90  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

  Subpart G--Selective Enforcement Auditing of New Light-Duty Vehicles

86.601-84  Applicability.
86.602-84  Definitions.
86.602-97  Definitions.
86.602-98  Definitions.
86.603-88  Test orders.
86.603-97  Test orders.
86.603-98  Test orders.
86.604-84  Testing by the Administrator.
86.605-88  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
86.605-98  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
86.606-84  Entry and access.
86.607-84  Sample selection.
86.608-88  Test procedures.
86.608-90  Test procedures.
86.608-96  Test procedures.
86.608-97  Test procedures.
86.608-98  Test procedures.
86.609-84  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.609-96  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.609-97  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.609-98  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.610-96  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and 
          failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.
86.610-98  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and 
          failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.
86.612-84  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.
86.612-97  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.
86.614-84  Hearings on suspension, revocation, and voiding of 
          certificates of conformity.
86.615-84  Treatment of confidential information.

 Subpart H--General Provisions for In-Use Emission Regulations for 1994 
     and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks

86.701-94  General applicability.
86.702-94  Definitions.
86.703-94  Abbreviations.
86.704-94  Section numbering; construction.
86.705-94--86.707-94  [Reserved]
86.708-94  In-use emission standards for 1994 and later model year 
          light-duty vehicles.
86.708-98  In-use emission standards for 1998 and later model year 
          light-duty vehicles.
86.709-94  In-use emission standards for 1994 and later model year 
          light-duty trucks.
86.709-99  In-use emission standards for 1999 and later model year 
          light-duty trucks.

Subpart I--Emission Regulations for New Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke 
                         Exhaust Test Procedure

86.884-1  General applicability.
86.884-2  Definitions.
86.884-3  Abbreviations.
86.884-4  Section numbering.
86.884-5  Test procedures.
86.884-6  Fuel specifications.
86.884-7  Dynamometer operation cycle for smoke emission tests.
86.884-8  Dynamometer and engine equipment.
86.884-9  Smoke measurement system.
86.884-10  Information.
86.884-11  Instrument checks.
86.884-12  Test run.
86.884-13  Data analysis.
86.884-14  Calculations.

   Subpart J--Fees for the Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program

86.901-93  Abbreviations.
86.902-01  Definitions.
86.902-93  Definitions.
86.903-93  Applicability.
86.904-93  Section numbering; construction.
86.905-93  Purpose.

[[Page 11]]

86.906-93  MVEPC certification request types.
86.907-01  Fee amounts.
86.907-93  Fee amounts.
86.908-01  Waivers and refunds.
86.908-93  Waivers and refunds.
86.909-93  Payment.
86.910-93  Deficiencies.
86.911-93  Adjustments of fees.

  Subpart K--Selective Enforcement Auditing of New Heavy-Duty Engines, 
               Heavy-Duty Vehicles, and Light-Duty Trucks

86.1001-84  Applicability.
86.1002-84  Definitions.
86.1002-97  Definitions.
86.1002-2001  Definitions.
86.1003-90  Test orders.
86.1003-97  Test orders.
86.1003-2001  Test orders.
86.1004-84  Testing by the Administrator.
86.1005-90  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
86.1006-84  Entry and access.
86.1007-84  Sample selection.
86.1008-90  Test procedures.
86.1008-96  Test procedures.
86.1008-97  Test procedures.
86.1008-2001  Test procedures.
86.1009-84  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.1009-96  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.1009-97  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.1009-2001  Calculation and reporting of test results.
86.1010-96  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and 
          failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.
86.1010-2001  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and 
          failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.
86.1012-84  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.
86.1012-97  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.
86.1014-84  Hearings on suspension, revocation and voiding of 
          certificate of conformity.
86.1014-97  Hearings on suspension, revocation and voiding of 
          certificates of conformity.
86.1015  Treatment of confidential information.

   Subpart L--Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel 
 Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-Duty Trucks

86.1101-87  Applicability.
86.1102-87  Definitions.
86.1103-87  Criteria for availability of nonconformance penalties.
86.1104-91  Determination of upper limits.
86.1105-87  Emission standards for which nonconformance penalties are 
          available.
86.1106-87  Production compliance auditing.
86.1107-87  Testing by the Administrator.
86.1108-87  Maintenance of records.
86.1109-87  Entry and access.
86.1110-87  Sample selection.
86.1111-87  Test procedures for PCA testing.
86.1112-87  Determining the compliance level and reporting of test 
          results.
86.1113-87  Calculation and payment of penalty.
86.1114-87  Suspension and voiding of certificates of conformity.
86.1115-87  Hearing procedures for nonconformance determinations and 
          penalties.
86.1116-87  Treatment of confidential information.

Subpart M--Evaporative Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, 
 Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled 
                           Heavy-Duty Vehicles

86.1201-90  Applicability.
86.1202-85  Definitions.
86.1203-85  Abbreviations.
86.1204  Section numbering.
86.1205-90  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.1206-90  Equipment required; overview.
86.1206-96  Equipment required; overview.
86.1207-90  Sampling and analytical systems; evaporative emissions.
86.1207-96  Sampling and analytical system; evaporative emissions.
86.1213-90  Fuel specifications.
86.1213-94  Fuel specifications.
86.1214-85  Analytical gases.
86.1215-85  EPA heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) urban dynamometer driving 
          schedule.
86.1216-90  Calibrations; frequency and overview.
86.1217-90  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.
86.1217-96  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.
86.1218-85  Dynamometer calibration.
86.1221-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.1226-85  Calibration of other equipment.
86.1227-90  Test procedures; overview.
86.1227-96  Test procedures; overview.
86.1228-85  Transmissions.
86.1229-85  Dynamometer load determination and fuel temperature profile.
86.1230-85  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.1230-96  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.1231-90  Vehicle preparation.
86.1231-96  Vehicle preparation.
86.1232-90  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.1232-96  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.1233-90  Diurnal breathing loss test.

[[Page 12]]

86.1233-96  Diurnal emission test.
86.1234-96  Running loss test.
86.1235-85  Dynamometer procedure.
86.1235-96  Dynamometer procedure.
86.1236-85  Engine starting and restarting.
86.1237-85  Dynamometer runs.
86.1237-96  Dynamometer runs.
86.1238-90  Hot soak test.
86.1238-96  Hot soak test.
86.1242-90  Records required.
86.1243-90  Calculations; evaporative emissions.
86.1243-96  Calculations; evaporative emissions.
86.1246-96  Fuel dispensing spitback procedure.

Subpart N--Emission Regulations for New Otto-Cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty 
        Engines; Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures

86.1301-90  Scope, applicability.
86.1302-84  Definitions.
86.1303-84  Abbreviations.
86.1304-90  Section numbering; construction.
86.1305-90  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.1306-90  Equipment required and specifications; overview.
86.1306-96  Equipment required and specifications; overview.
86.1308-84  Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications.
86.1309-90  Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle engines.
86.1310-90  Exhaust gas sampling and analytical system; diesel engines.
86.1311-90  Exhaust gas analytical system; CVS bag sample.
86.1311-94  Exhaust gas analytical system; CVS bag sample.
86.1312-88  Weighing chamber and microgram balance specifications.
86.1313-91  Fuel specifications.
86.1313-94  Fuel specifications.
86.1313-98  Fuel specifications.
86.1314-84  Analytical gases.
86.1314-94  Analytical gases.
86.1316-90  Calibrations; frequency and overview.
86.1316-94  Calibrations; frequency and overview.
86.1318-84  Engine dynamometer system calibrations.
86.1319-84  CVS calibration.
86.1319-90  CVS calibration.
86.1320-90  Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate, 
          methanol, and formaldehyde measurement.
86.1321-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.1321-94  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
86.1322-84  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
86.1323-84  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
86.1324-84  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
86.1325-94  Methane analyzer calibration.
86.1326-90  Calibration of other equipment.
86.1327-90  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.
86.1327-94  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.
86.1327-96  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.
86.1327-98  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.
86.1330-84  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.1330-90  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.1332-90  Engine mapping procedures.
86.1333-90  Transient test cycle generation.
86.1334-84  Pre-test engine and dynamometer preparation.
86.1335-90  Cool-down procedure.
86.1336-84  Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.
86.1337-90  Engine dynamometer test run.
86.1337-96  Engine dynamometer test run.
86.1338-84  Emission measurement accuracy.
86.1339-90  Particulate filter handling and weighing.
86.1340-90  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.1340-94  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.1341-90  Test cycle validation criteria.
86.1341-98  Test cycle validation criteria.
86.1342-90  Calculations; exhaust emissions.
86.1342-94  Calculations; exhaust emissions.
86.1343-88  Calculations; particulate exhaust emissions.
86.1344-90  Required information.
86.1344-94  Required information.

   Subpart O--Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle 
   Light-Duty Vehicles and New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle Light-Duty 
               Trucks; Certification Short Test Procedures

86.1401  Scope; applicability.
86.1402  Definitions.
86.1403  Abbreviations.
86.1404  [Reserved]
86.1405  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.1406  Equipment required and specifications; overview.
86.1407-86.1412  [Reserved]
86.1413  Fuel specifications.
86.1414-86.1415  [Reserved]
86.1416  Calibration; frequency and overview.
86.1417-86.1421  [Reserved]
86.1422  Analyzer calibration.
86.1423-86.1426  [Reserved]
86.1427  Certification Short Test procedure; overview.
86.1428-86.1429  [Reserved]
86.1430  Certification Short Test sequence; general requirements.
86.1431  [Reserved]

[[Page 13]]

86.1432  Vehicle preparation.
86.1433  [Reserved]
86.1434  Equipment preparation.
86.1435-86.1436  [Reserved]
86.1437  Test run--manufacturer.
86.1438  Test run--EPA.
86.1439  Certification Short Test emission test procedures--EPA.
86.1440-86.1441  [Reserved]
86.1442  Information required.

 Subpart P--Emission Regulations for Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty Engines, New 
 Methanol-Fueled Natural Gas-Fueled, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled 

 Diesel-Cycle Heavy-Duty Engines, New Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks, and 
  New Methanol-Fueled Natural Gas-Fueled, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas-
       Fueled Diesel-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks; Idle Test Procedures

86.1501-90  Scope; applicability.
86.1501-94  Scope; applicability.
86.1502-84  Definitions.
86.1503-84  Abbreviations.
86.1504-90  Section numbering; construction.
86.1504-94  Section numbering; construction.
86.1505-84  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.1505-90  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.1505-94  Introduction; structure of subpart.
86.1506-90  Equipment required and specifications; overview.
86.1506-94  Equipment required and specifications; overview.
86.1509-84  Exhaust gas sampling system.
86.1511-84  Exhaust gas analysis system.
86.1513-90  Fuel specifications.
86.1513-94  Fuel specifications.
86.1514-84  Analytical gases.
86.1516-84  Calibration; frequency and overview.
86.1519-84  CVS calibration.
86.1522-84  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
86.1524-84  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
86.1526-84  Calibration of other equipment.
86.1527-84  Idle test procedure; overview.
86.1530-84  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.1537-84  Idle test run.
86.1540-84  Idle exhaust sample analysis.
86.1542-84  Information required.
86.1544-84  Calculation; idle exhaust emissions.

Subpart Q--Regulations for Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and 
                    In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines

86.1601  General applicability.
86.1602  Definitions.
86.1603  General requirements.
86.1604  Conditions for disapproval.
86.1605  Information to be submitted.
86.1606  Labeling.

 Subpart R--General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission 
      Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks

86.1701-99  General applicability.
86.1702-99  Definitions.
86.1703-99  Abbreviations.
86.1704-99  Section numbering; construction.
86.1705-99  General provisions; opt-in.
86.1706-99  National LEV program in effect.
86.1707-99  General provisions; opt-outs.
86.1708-99  Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light-duty 
          vehicles.
86.1709-99  Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light light-
          duty trucks.
86.1710-99  Fleet average non-methane organic gas exhaust emission 
          standards for light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks.
86.1711-99  Limitations on sale of Tier 1 vehicles and TLEVs.
86.1712-99  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
86.1713-01  [Reserved]
86.1713-99  Light-duty exhaust durability programs; five percent cap.
86.1714-01  [Reserved]
86.1714-99  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.
86.1715-01  [Reserved]
86.1715-99  [Reserved]
86.1716-01  [Reserved]
86.1716-99  Prohibition of defeat devices.
86.1717-01  Emission control diagnostic system for 1999 and later light-
          duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
86.1717-99  Emission control diagnostic system for 1999 and later light-
          duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
86.1718-99-86.1720-99  [Reserved]
86.1721-01  Application for certification.
86.1721-99  Application for certification.
86.1722-01  [Reserved]
86.1722-99  [Reserved]
86.1723-01  [Reserved]
86.1723-99  Required data.
86.1724-01  Emission data vehicle selection.
86.1724-99  Test vehicles and engines.
86.1725-01  Allowable maintenance.
86.1725-99  Maintenance.
86.1726-01  [Reserved]
86.1726-99  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
86.1727-99  [Reserved]
86.1728-01  Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of 
          certification.
86.1728-99  Compliance with emission standards.
86.1729-99-86.1733-99  [Reserved]
86.1734-01  [Reserved]

[[Page 14]]

86.1734-99  Alternative procedure for notification of additions and 
          changes.
86.1735-01  Labeling.
86.1735-99  Labeling.
86.1736-99-86.1769-99  [Reserved]
86.1770-99  All-Electric Range Test requirements.
86.1771-99  Fuel specifications.
86.1772-99  Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class 
          determination.
86.1773-99  Test sequence; general requirements.
86.1774-99  Vehicle preconditioning.
86.1775-99  Exhaust sample analysis.
86.1776-99  Records required.
86.1777-99  Calculations; exhaust emissions.
86.1778-99  Calculations; particulate emissions.
86.1779-99  General enforcement provisions.
86.1780-99  Prohibited acts.

 Subpart S--General Compliance Provisions for Control of Air Pollution 
 From New and In-use Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium 
                         Duty Passenger Vehicles

86.1801-01  Applicability.
86.1802-01  Section numbering; construction.
86.1803-01  Definitions.
86.1804-01  Acronyms and abbreviations.
86.1805-01  Useful life.
86.1805-04  Useful life.
86.1806-01  On-board diagnostics.
86.1807-01  Vehicle labeling.
86.1808-01  Maintenance instructions.
86.1809-01  Prohibition of defeat devices.
86.1810-01  General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; 
          waivers
86.1811-01  Emission standards for light-duty vehicles.
86.1811-04  Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty 
          trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
86.1812-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 1.
86.1813-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 2.
86.1814-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 3.
86.1814-02  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 3.
86.1815-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 4.
86.1815-02  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 4.
86.1816-86.1819  [Reserved]
86.1820-01  Durability group determination.
86.1821-01  Evaporative/refueling family determination.
86.1822-01  Durability data vehicle selection.
86.1823-01  Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions.
86.1824-01  Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative 
          emissions.
86.1825-01  Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.
86.1826-01  Assigned deterioration factors for small volume 
          manufacturers and small volume test groups.
86.1827-01  Test group determination.
86.1828-01  Emission data vehicle selection.
86.1829-01  Durability and emission testing. requirements; waivers.
86.1830-01  Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.
86.1831-01  Mileage accumulation requirements for test vehicles.
86.1832-01  Optional equipment and air conditioning for test vehicles.
86.1833-01  Adjustable parameters.
86.1834-01  Allowable maintenance.
86.1835-01  Confirmatory certification testing.
86.1836-01  Manufacturer-supplied production vehicles for testing.
86.1837-01  Rounding of emission measurements.
86.1838-01  Small volume manufacturers certification procedures.
86.1839-01  Carryover of certification data.
86.1840-01  Special test procedures.
86.1841-01  Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of 
          certification.
86.1842-01  Addition of a vehicle after certification; and changes to a 
          vehicle covered by certification.
86.1843-01  General information requirements.
86.1844-01  Information requirements: Application for certification and 
          submittal of information upon request.
86.1845-01  Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements.
86.1845-04  Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements.
86.1846-01  Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements.
86.1847-01  Manufacturer in-use verification and in-use confirmatory 
          testing; submittal of information and maintenance of records.
86.1848-01  Certification.
86.1849-01  Right of entry.
86.1850-01  Denial, suspension or revocation of certificate of 
          conformity.
86.1851-01  Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' 
          decisions.
86.1852-01  Waivers for good in-use emission performance.
86.1853-01  Certification hearings.
86.1854-86.1859  [Reserved]
86.1860-04  How to comply with the Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 fleet 
          average NOX standards.
86.1861-04  How do the Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 NOX 
          averaging, banking and trading programs work?
86.1862-04  Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant 
          to compliance with fleet average NOX standards.

Appendix I to Subpart S to Part 86--Vehicle Procurement Methodology

[[Page 15]]

Appendix II to Subpart S to Part 86--As-Received Testing Vehicle 
          Rejection Criteria
Appendix III to Subpart S to Part 86--As-Received Inspection

    Subpart AA--Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for Part 86

86.2500  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Appendix I to Part 86--Urban Dynamometer Schedules
Appendix II to Part 86--Temperature Schedules
Appendix III to Part 86--Constant Volume Sampler Flow Calibration
Appendix IV to Part 86--Durability Driving Schedules
Appendix V to Part 86  [Reserved]
Appendix VI to Part 86--Vehicle and Engine Components
Appendixes VII-IX to Part 86 [Reserved]
Appendix X to Part 86--Sampling Plans for Selective Enforcement Auditing 
          of Heavy-Duty Engines and Light-Duty Trucks
Appendix XI to Part 86--Sampling Plans for Selective Enforcement 
          Auditing of Light-Duty Vehicles
Appendix XII to Part 86--Tables for Production Compliance Auditing of 
          Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-
          Duty Trucks
Appendix XIII to Part 86--State Requirements Incorporated by Reference 
          in Part 86 of the Code of Federal Regulations
Appendix XIV to Part 86--Determination of Acceptable Durability Test 
          Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks 
          Certifying to the Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R
Appendix XV to Part 86--Procedure for Determining an Acceptable Exhaust 
          Regeneration Durability-Data Test Schedule for Diesel Cycle 
          Vehicles Equipped With Periodically Regenerating Trap Oxidizer 
          Systems Certifying to the Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R
Appendix XVI to Part 86--Pollutant Mass Emissions Calculation Procedure 
          for Gaseous-Fueled Vehicles and for Vehicles Equipped With 
          Periodically Regenerating Trap Oxidizer Systems Certifying to 
          the Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R
Appendix XVII to Part 86--Procedure for Determining Vehicle Emission 
          Control Technology Category/Fuel Reactivity Adjustment Factors 
          for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks Certifying 
          to the Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R
Appendix XVIII to Part 86--Statistical Outlier Identification Procedure 
          for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks Certifying 
          to the Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

    Effective Date Note: The new information collection requirements for 
part 86 published in the Federal Register at 59 FR 16262, Apr. 6, 1994, 
which apply to 1998 and later model year vehicles, have not been 
approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and are not 
effective. The Environmental Protection Agency will publish a document 
once OMB approves the information collection requirements.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 86 appear at 60 FR 
34377, June 30, 1995.



Sec. 86.1  Reference materials.

    (a) The documents in paragraph (b) of this section have been 
incorporated by reference. The incorporation by reference was approved 
by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 
M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460, or at the Office of the Federal 
Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
    (b) The following paragraphs and tables set forth the material that 
has been incorporated by reference in this part.
    (1) ASTM material. The following table sets forth material from the 
American Society for Testing and Materials that has been incorporated by 
reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material. 
The second column lists the section(s) of this part, other than 
Sec. 86.1, in which the matter is referenced. The second column is 
presented for information only and may not be all inclusive. Copies of 
these materials may be obtained from American Society for Testing and 
Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Document number and name             40 CFR part 86 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM E29-67 (Reapproved 1980), Standard     86.1105-87
 Recommended Practice for Indicating Which
 Places of Figures Are To Be Considered
 Significant in Specified Limiting Values.

[[Page 16]]

 
ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using    86.609-84; 86.609-96; 86.609-
 Significant Digits in Test Data to          97; 86.609-98; 86.1009-84;
 Determine Conformance with Specifications.  86.1009-96; 86.1442;
                                             86.1708-99; 86.1709-99;
                                             86.1710-99; 86.1728-99.
ASTM D5186-91, Standard Test Method for     86.1313-91, 86.1313-94,
 Determination of Aromatic Content of        86.1313-98.
 Diesel Fuels by Supercritical Fluid
 Chromatography.
ASTM D2163-91, Standard Test Method for     86.113-94; 86.1213-94;
 Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum (LP)        86.1313-94.
 Gases and Propane Concentrates by Gas
 Chromatography.
ASTM D1945-91, Standard Test Method for     86.113-94; 86.513-94;
 Analysis of Natural Gas By Gas              86.1213-94; 86.1313-94.
 Chromatography.
ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using   86.098-15; 86.004-15;
 Significant Digits in Test Data to          86.1803-01; 86.1823-01;
 Determine Conformance with Specifications.  86.1824-01; 86.1825-01;
                                             86.1837-01
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) SAE material. The following table sets forth material from the 
Society of Automotive Engineers that has been incorporated by reference. 
The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second 
column lists the section(s) of this part, other than Sec. 86.1, in which 
the matter is referenced. The second column is presented for information 
only and may not be all inclusive. Copies of these materials may be 
obtained from Society of Automotive Engineers International, 400 
Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA, 15096-0001.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Document No. and name              40 CFR part 86 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAE J1349, June 1990, Engine Power Test     86.094-8; 86.096-8
 Code--Spark Ignition and Compression
 Ignition.
SAE J1850 July 1995, Class B Data           86.099-17; 86.1806-01
 Communication Network Interface.
SAE J1877, July 1994 Recommended Practice   86.095-35; 86.1806-01
 for Bar-Coded Vehicle Identification
 Number Label.
SAE J1892 October 1993, Recommended         86.095-35; 86.1806-01
 Practice for Bar-Coded Vehicle Emission
 Configuration Label.
SAE J1962 January 1995, Diagnostic          86.099-17; 86.1806-01
 Connector.
SAE J1979 July 1996, E/E Diagnostic Test    86.099-17; 86.1806-01
 Modes.
SAE J2012 July 1996, Recommended Practice   86.099-17; 86.1806-01
 for Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions.
SAE Recommended Practice J1151, December    86.111-94; 86.1311-94.
 1991, Methane Measurement Using Gas
 Chromatography, 1994 SAE Handbook--SAE
 International Cooperative Engineering
 Program, Volume 1: Materials, Fuels,
 Emissions, and Noise; Section 13 and page
 170 (13.170).
SAE Recommended Practice J1937, November    86.1330-84; 86.1330-90.
 1989, Engine Testing with Low Temperature
 Charge Air Cooler Systems in a
 Dynamometer Test Cell.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) ANSI material. The following table sets forth material from the 
American National Standards Institute that has been incorporated by 
reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material. 
The second column lists the section(s) of this part, other than 
Sec. 86.1, in which the matter is referenced. The second column is 
presented for information only and may not be all inclusive. Copies of 
these materials may be obtained from the American National Standards 
Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Document number and name             40 CFR part 86 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANSI/AGA NGV1-1994, Standard for            86.001-9; 86.004-9; 86.098-
 Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)        8; 86.099-8; 86.099-9;
 Fueling Connection Devices.                 86.1810-01
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) California regulatory requirements. The following table sets 
forth California regulatory requirements that have been incorporated by 
reference. The first column lists the name and date of the material. The 
second column lists the sections of the part, other than Sec. 86.1, in 
which the matter is referenced. The second column is presented for 
information only and may not be all-inclusive. Copies of these materials 
may be obtained from U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 401 M 
Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Document No. and name              40 CFR part 86 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
California Regulatory Requirements
 Applicable to the ``LEV II'' Program,
 including:.

[[Page 17]]

 
    1. California Exhaust Emission          86.1806-01; 86.1811-04;
     Standards and Test Procedures for       86.1844-01.
     2003 and Subsequent Model Zero-
     Emission Vehicles and 2001 and
     Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric
     Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-
     duty Truck and Medium-duty Vehicle
     Classes. August 5, 1999.
    2. California Non-Methane Organic Gas   86.1803-01; 86.1810-01;
     Test Procedures. August 5, 1999.        86.1811-04.
California Regulatory Requirements          86.113-004; 86.612-97;
 Applicable to the National Low Emission     86.1012-97; 86.1702-99;
 Vehicle Program, October 1996.              86.1708-99; 86.1709-99;
                                             86.1717-99; 86.1735-99;
                                             86.1771-99; 86.1775-99;
                                             86.1776-99; 86.1777-99;
                                             Appendix XVI; Appendix
                                             XVII.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (5) ISO material. The following table sets forth material from the 
International Organization of Standardization that has been incorporated 
by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the 
material. The second column lists the section(s) of this part, other 
than Sec. 86.1, in which the matter is referenced. The second column is 
presented for information only and may not be all inclusive. Copies of 
these materials may be obtained from the International Organization for 
Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             40 CFR part
                   Document No. and Name                          86
                                                              reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISO 9141-2 February 1994,Road vehicles--Diagnostic systems    86.099-17;
 Part 2....................................................   86.1806-01
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[58 FR 16019, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 58417, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 
FR 48491, 59 FR 48491, Sept. 21, 1994; 59 FR 50073, Sept. 30, 1994; 60 
FR 43887, Aug. 23, 1995; 61 FR 54877, Oct. 22, 1996; 62 FR 31232, June 
6, 1997; 62 FR 47119, Sept. 5, 1997; 62 FR 54715, Oct. 21, 1997; 63 FR 
965, Jan. 7, 1998; 63 FR 70694, Dec. 22, 1998; 64 FR 23920, May 4, 1999; 
65 FR 6848, Feb. 10, 2000]



  Subpart A--General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and 
 Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-

  Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, 
 Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled 
                           Heavy-Duty Vehicles

    Source: 42 FR 32907, June 28, 1977, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.000-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.098-2 continue to apply to 1998 and later 
model year vehicles. The definitions listed in this section apply 
beginning with the 2000 model year.
    AC1 means a test procedure as described in Sec. 86.162-00 which 
simulates testing with air conditioning operating in an environmental 
test cell by adding the air conditioning compressor load to the normal 
dynamometer forces.
    AC2 means a test procedure as described in Sec. 86.162-00 which 
simulates testing with air conditioning operating in an environmental 
test cell by adding a heat load to the passenger compartment.
    Alternative fuels means any fuel other than gasoline and diesel 
fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, and gaseous fuels.
    866 Cycle means the test cycle that consists of the last 866 seconds 
(seconds 505 to 1372) of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, 
described in Sec. 86.115-00 and listed in appendix I, paragraph (a), of 
this part.
    Environmental test cell means a test cell capable of wind-speed, 
solar thermal load, ambient temperature, and humidity control or 
simulation which meets the requirements of Sec. 86.161-00 for running 
emission tests with the air conditioning operating.
    Federal Test Procedure, or FTP means the test procedure as described 
in Sec. 86.130-00 (a) through (d) and (f) which is designed to measure 
urban driving tail pipe exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions over 
the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as described in appendix I to 
this part.

[[Page 18]]

    505 Cycle means the test cycle that consists of the first 505 
seconds (seconds 1 to 505) of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule, described in Sec. 86.115-00 and listed in appendix I, 
paragraph (a), of this part.
    SC03 means the test cycle, described in Sec. 86.160-00 and listed in 
appendix I, paragraph (h), of this part, which is designed to represent 
driving immediately following startup.
    Supplemental FTP, or SFTP means the additional test procedures 
designed to measure emissions during aggressive and microtransient 
driving, as described in Sec. 86.159-00 over the US06 cycle, and also 
the test procedure designed to measure urban driving emissions while the 
vehicle's air conditioning system is operating, as described in 
Sec. 86.160-00 over the SC03 cycle.
    US06 means the test cycle, described in Sec. 86.159-00 and listed in 
appendix I, paragraph (g), of this part, which is designed to evaluate 
emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving.

[61 FR 54878, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-3  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in Sec. 86.098-3 continue to apply to 1998 and 
later model year vehicles. The abbreviations in this section apply 
beginning with the 2000 model year:

A/C--Air conditioning
FTP--Federal Test Procedure
SFTP--Supplemental Federal Test Procedure
WOT--Wide Open Throttle

[61 FR 54878, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

    Section 86.000-7 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.091-7, Sec. 86.094-7 or Sec. 86.096-7. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.091-7, Sec. 86.094-7 or Sec. 86.096-7 is identical 
and applicable to Sec. 86.000-7, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.091-7.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-7.''
    (a) introductory text through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.091-7.
    (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.
    (b) through (c)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (c)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.
    (c)(4) through (d)(1)(v) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (d)(1)(vi) through (d)(2)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-7.
    (d)(3) through (g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (h)(1) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) of any model year 2000 through 2002 light-duty vehicle or 
light light-duty truck or model year 2002 through 2004 heavy light-duty 
truck that is certified shall establish, maintain, and retain the 
following adequately organized and indexed records for each such 
vehicle:
    (i) EPA engine family;
    (ii) Vehicle identification number;
    (iii) Model year and production date;
    (iv) Shipment date;
    (v) Purchaser; and
    (vi) Purchase contract.
    (h)(2) through (h)(5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.
    (h)(6) Voiding a certificate. (i) EPA may void ab initio a 
certificate for a vehicle certified to Tier 1 certification standards or 
to the respective evaporative and/or refueling test procedure and 
accompanying evaporative and/or refueling standards as set forth or 
otherwise referenced in Secs. 86.000-8, 86.000-9, or 86.098-10 for which 
the manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or 
to provide such information to the Administrator upon request.
    (h)(6)(ii) through (h)(7)(vi) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-7.
    (h)(7)(vii) EPA evaporative/refueling family.

[61 FR 54878, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-8  Emission standards for 2000 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    Section 86.000-8 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.096-8 or Sec. 86.099-8. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.096-8 or Sec. 86.099-8 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.000-8, this

[[Page 19]]

may be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the 
statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-8.''
    (a)(1) introductory text through (a)(1)(ii)(B) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.
    (a)(1)(iii) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-
8.
    (b)(5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.
    (b)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-8.
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-8.
    (e) SFTP Standards. (1) Exhaust emissions from 2000 and later model 
year light-duty vehicles shall meet the additional SFTP standards of 
table A00-2 (defined by useful life, fuel type, and test type) according 
to the implementation schedule in table A00-1. The standards set forth 
in table A00-2 refer to exhaust emissions emitted over the Supplemental 
Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) as set forth in subpart B of this part and 
collected and calculated in accordance with those procedures. Compliance 
with these standards are an additional requirement to the required 
compliance with Tier 1 standards as defined in Secs. 86.096-8 (a)(1) 
introductory text through (a)(1)(ii)(B) and 86.099-8 (a)(1)(iii) through 
(a)(3):

    Table A00-1--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for
                            (NMHC=NOX) and CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000.......................................................           40
2001.......................................................           80
2002.......................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


             Table A00-2--Useful Life Standards (G/MI) for Light-Duty Vehicles for (NMHC=NOX) and CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             CO
                                                                NMHC=NOX  --------------------------------------
           Useful life                     Fuel type           composite                              Composite
                                                                             A/C test    US06 test      option
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate.....................  Gasoline.................         0.65          3.0          9.0          3.4
                                   Diesel...................         1.48           NA          9.0          3.4
Full.............................  Gasoline.................         0.91          3.7         11.1          4.2
                                   Diesel...................         2.07           NA         11.1          4.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A00-1 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards in table A00-2 when 
tested under the procedures in subpart B of this part indicated for 2000 
and later model year light-duty vehicles.
    (ii) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in table A00-1 of 
a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's light-
duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the 
applicable SFTP standards. Under this option, the light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards in table A00-2, and the 
light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards 
in table A00-4 of Sec. 86.000-9.
    (iii) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining compliance 
with this paragraph (e)(1) shall be based on total actual U.S. sales of 
light-duty vehicles of the applicable model year by a manufacturer to a 
dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any other entity which 
comprises the point of first sale. If the option of paragraph (e)(1)(ii) 
of this section is taken, such sales percentages shall be based on the 
total actual combined U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles and light light-
duty trucks of the applicable model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, 
distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises 
the point of first sale.
    (iv) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of table A00-1. Such petition shall be submitted 
within 30 days of the end

[[Page 20]]

of the model year to the Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division. For 
the petition to be granted, the manufacturer must establish to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that actual production volume is 
functionally equivalent to actual sales volume.
    (2) These SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles certified on 
alternative fuels, but the standards do apply to the gasoline and diesel 
fuel operation of flexible fuel vehicles and dual fuel vehicles.
    (3) These SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles tested at high 
altitude.
    (4) The air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any time than the 
leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best 
torque), plus a tolerance of six (6) percent. The Administrator may 
approve a manufacturer's request for additional enrichment if it can be 
shown that additional enrichment is needed to protect the engine or 
emissions control hardware.
    (5) The requirement to use a single roll dynamometer (or a 
dynamometer which produces equivalent results), discussed in 
Secs. 86.108-00, 86.118-00, and 86.129-00, applies to all SFTP and FTP 
test elements as set forth in subpart B of this part for families which 
are designated as SFTP compliant under the implementation schedule in 
table A00-1.
    (6) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b)(1) 
and (2), are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph (e) until 
model year 2002, when 100 percent compliance with the standards of this 
paragraph (e) is required. This exemption does not apply to small volume 
engine families as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b)(5).
    (7) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for certification purposes.
    (8) A manufacturer cannot use one set of engine families to meet its 
intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full useful 
life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (9) Compliance with composite standards shall be demonstrated using 
the calculations set forth in Sec. 86.164-00.
    (f) [Reserved]
    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.

[61 FR 54878, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-9  Emission standards for 2000 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    Section 86.000-9 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.097-9 or Sec. 86.099-9. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.097-9 or Sec. 86.099-9 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.000-9, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-
9.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-9.''
    (a)(1) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.
    (a)(1)(iv) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-
9.
    (b)(5) [Reserved]
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.
    (d) [Reserved]
    (e) SFTP Standards. (1) Light light-duty trucks. (i) Exhaust 
emissions from 2000 and later model year light light-duty trucks shall 
meet the additional SFTP standards of table A00-4 (defined by useful 
life, fuel type, truck type, loaded vehicle weight (LVW), and test type) 
according to the implementation schedule in table A00-3. The standards 
set forth in table A00-4 refer to exhaust emissions emitted over the 
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) as set forth in subpart B of 
this part and collected and calculated in accordance with those 
procedures. Compliance with these standards are an additional 
requirement to the required compliance with Tier 1 standards as defined 
in Secs. 86.097-9(a)(1) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii) and 
86.099-9(a)(1)(iv) through (a)(3):

[[Page 21]]



  Table A00-3--Implementation Schedule for Light Light-Duty Trucks for
                            (NMHC+NOX) and CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000.......................................................           40
2001.......................................................           80
2002.......................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                               Table A00-4--Useful Life Standards (G/MI) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for (NMHC+NOX) and CO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                      CO
                                                                                                           NMHC+NOX  -----------------------------------
              Useful life                       Fuel type                  Truck type          LVW (lbs)   Composite                           Composite
                                                                                                                       A/C test    US06 test    option
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate..........................  Gasoline.................  LDT1.....................      0-3750        0.65         3.0         9.0         3.4
                                                                   LDT2.....................   3751-5750        1.02         3.9        11.6         4.4
                                        Diesel...................  LDT1.....................      0-3750        1.48          NA         9.0         3.4
                                                                   LDT2.....................   3751-5750          NA          NA          NA          NA
Full..................................  Gasoline.................  LDT1.....................      0-3750        0.91         3.7        11.1         4.2
                                                                   LDT2.....................   3751-5750        1.37         4.9        14.6         5.5
                                        Diesel...................  LDT1.....................      0-3750        2.07          NA        11.1         4.2
                                                                   LDT2.....................   3751-5750          NA          NA          NA          NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (A) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A00-3 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards in table A00-4 
when tested under the procedures in subpart B of this part indicated for 
2000 and later model year light light-duty trucks.
    (B) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in table A00-3 of 
a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's light-
duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the 
applicable SFTP standards. Under this option, the light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards in table A00-2 of 
Sec. 86.000-8, and the light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the 
applicable SFTP standards in table A00-4.
    (C) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining compliance 
with paragraph (e)(1)(i)(A) of this section shall be based on total 
actual U.S. sales of light light-duty trucks of the applicable model 
year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, 
or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale. If the 
option of Sec. 86.097-9(a)(1)(i)(B) is taken, such sales percentages 
shall be based on the total actual combined U.S. sales of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks of the applicable model year by a 
manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any 
other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (D) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of table A000-3. Such petition shall be submitted 
within 30 days of the end of the model year to the Vehicle Programs and 
Compliance Division. For the petition to be granted, the manufacturer 
must establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator that actual 
production volume is functionally equivalent to actual sales volume.
    (ii) These SFTP standards do not apply to light light-duty trucks 
certified on alternative fuels, but the standards do apply to the 
gasoline and diesel fuel operation of flexible fuel vehicles and dual 
fuel vehicles.
    (iii) These SFTP standards do not apply to light light-duty trucks 
tested at high altitude.
    (iv) The air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any time than the 
leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best 
torque), plus a tolerance of six (6) percent. The Administrator may 
approve a manufacturer's request for additional enrichment if it can be 
shown that additional enrichment is needed to protect the engine or 
emissions control hardware.

[[Page 22]]

    (v) The requirement to use a single roll dynamometer (or a 
dynamometer which produces equivalent results), discussed in 
Secs. 86.108-00, 86.118-00, and 86.129-00, applies to all SFTP and FTP 
test elements as set forth in subpart B of this part for engine families 
which are designated as SFTP compliant under the implementation schedule 
in table A00-3.
    (vi) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph (e) until 
model year 2002, when 100 percent compliance with the standards of this 
paragraph (e) is required. This exemption does not apply to small volume 
engine families as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b)(5).
    (vii) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which engine families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for certification purposes.
    (viii) A manufacturer cannot use one set of engine families to meet 
its intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full 
useful life standards. The same engine families which are used to meet 
the intermediate useful life standards will be required without 
deviation to meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (ix) Compliance with composite standards shall be demonstrated using 
the calculations set forth in Sec. 86.164-00.
    (2) Heavy light-duty trucks. (i) Exhaust emissions from 2002 and 
later model year heavy light-duty trucks shall meet the SFTP standards 
of table A00-6 (defined by useful life, fuel type, truck type, adjusted 
loaded vehicle weight (ALVW), and test type) according to the 
implementation schedule in table A00-5. The standards set forth in table 
A00-6 refer to exhaust emissions emitted over the Supplemental Federal 
Test Procedure (SFTP) as set forth in subpart B of this part and 
collected and calculated in accordance with those procedures. Compliance 
with these standards are an additional requirement to the required 
compliance with Tier 1 standards as defined in Secs. 86.097-9(a)(1) 
introductory text through (a)(1)(iii) and 86.099-9(a)(1)(iv) through 
(a)(3):

  Table A00-5--Implementation Schedule for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for
                            (NMHC+NOX) and CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002.......................................................           40
2003.......................................................           80
2004.......................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                               Table A00-6--Useful Life Standards (G/MI) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for (NMHC+NOX) and CO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                      CO
                                                                                                           NMHC+NOX  -----------------------------------
              Useful life                       Fuel type                  Truck type         ALVW (lbs)   composite                           Composite
                                                                                                                       A/C test    US06 test    option
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate..........................  Gasoline.................  LDT3.....................   3751-5750        1.02         3.9        11.6         4.4
                                                                   LDT4.....................       >5750        1.49         4.4        13.2         5.0
                                        Diesel...................  LDT3.....................   3751-5750          NA          NA          NA          NA
                                                                   LDT4.....................       >5750          NA          NA          NA          NA
Full..................................  Gasoline.................  LDT3.....................   3751-5750        1.44         5.6        16.9         6.4
                                                                   LDT4.....................       >5750        2.09         6.4        19.3         7.3
                                        Diesel...................  LDT3.....................   3751-5750          NA          NA          NA          NA
                                                                   LDT4.....................       >5750          NA          NA          NA          NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (A) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A00-5 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's heavy light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards in table A00-6 
when tested under the procedures in subpart B of this part indicated for 
2002 and later model year heavy light-duty trucks.
    (B) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining compliance 
with paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(A) of this section shall be based on total 
actual U.S. sales of heavy light-duty trucks of the

[[Page 23]]

applicable model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (C) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of table A00-5. Such petition shall be submitted 
within 30 days of the end of the model year to the Vehicle Programs and 
Compliance Division. For the petition to be granted, the manufacturer 
must establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator that actual 
production volume is functionally equivalent to actual sales volume.
    (ii) These SFTP standards do not apply to heavy light-duty trucks 
certified on alternative fuels, but the standards do apply to the 
gasoline fuel operation of flexible fuel vehicles and dual fuel 
vehicles.
    (iii) These SFTP standards do not apply to heavy light-duty trucks 
tested at high altitude.
    (iv) The air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any time than the 
leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best 
torque), plus a tolerance of six (6) percent. The Administrator may 
approve a manufacturer's request for additional enrichment if it can be 
shown that additional enrichment is needed to protect the engine of 
emissions control hardware.
    (v) The requirement to use a single roll dynamometer (or a 
dynamometer which produces equivalent results), discussed in 
Secs. 86.108-00, 86.118-00, and 86.129-00, applies to all SFTP and FTP 
test elements for families which are designated as SFTP compliant under 
the implementation schedule in table A00-5.
    (vi) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (e) of this 
section until model year 2004, when 100 percent compliance with the 
standards of this paragraph (e) is required. This exemption does not 
apply to small volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.094-
14(b)(5).
    (vii) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for certification purposes.
    (viii) A manufacturer cannot use one set of engine families to meet 
its intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full 
useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standard.
    (ix) The NOX averaging program is not applicable for 
determining compliance with the standards of table A00-6.
    (x) Compliance with composite standards shall be demonstrated using 
the calculations set forth in Sec. 86.164-00.
    (f) [Reserved]
    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.

[61 FR 54879, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-16  Prohibition of defeat devices.

    Section 86.000-16 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-16. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-16 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.000-16, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-16.''
    (a) through (d) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-16.
    (d)(1) The manufacturer must show to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that the vehicle design does not incorporate strategies 
that unnecessarily reduce emission control effectiveness exhibited 
during the Federal or Supplemental Federal emissions test procedures 
(FTP or SFTP) when the vehicle is operated under conditions which may 
reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal operation and use.
    (d)(2) through (d)(2)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
16.

[61 FR 54881, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-21  Application for certification.

    Section 86.000-21 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-21, Sec. 86.096-21 or Sec. 86.098-21.

[[Page 24]]

Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-21, Sec. 86.096-21 or Sec. 86.098-21 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.000-21, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-21.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-21.''
    (a) through (b)(1)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
21.
    (b)(1)(i)(C) The manufacturer must submit a Statement of Compliance 
in the application for certification which attests to the fact that they 
have assured themselves that the engine family is designed to comply 
with the intermediate temperature cold testing criteria of subpart C of 
this part, and does not unnecessarily reduce emission control 
effectiveness of vehicles operating at high altitude or other conditions 
not experienced within the US06 (aggressive driving) and SC03 (air 
conditioning) test cycles.
    (b)(1)(i)(C)(1) through (b)(1)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(2) Projected U.S. sales data sufficient to enable the 
Administrator to select a test fleet representative of the vehicles (or 
engines) for which certification is requested, and data sufficient to 
determine projected compliance with the standards implementation 
schedules of Secs. 86.000-8 and 86.000-9. Volume projected to be 
produced for U.S. sale may be used in lieu of projected U.S. sales.
    (b)(3) A description of the test equipment and fuel proposed to be 
used.
    (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-21.
    (b)(4)(ii) through (b)(5)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(5)(v) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-21.
    (b)(6) through (b)(8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(9) through (b)(10)(iii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-21.
    (c) through (j) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (k) and (l) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-21.

[61 FR 54882, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-23  Required data.

    Section 86.000-23 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.095-23 or Sec. 86.098-23. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.095-23 or Sec. 86.098-23 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.000-23, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-
23.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.''
    (a) through (b)(1)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (b)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-
23.
    (b)(4)(iii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.
    (c) through (e)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (e)(2) through (e)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.
    (f) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (l) Additionally, manufacturers certifying vehicles shall submit for 
each model year 2000 through 2002 light-duty vehicle and light light-
duty truck engine family and each model year 2002 through 2004 heavy 
light-duty truck engine family the information listed in paragraphs (l) 
(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Application for certification. In the application for 
certification, the manufacturer shall submit the projected sales volume 
of engine families certifying to the respective standards. Volume 
projected to be produced for U.S. sale may be used in lieu of projected 
U.S. sales.
    (2) End-of-year reports for each engine family.
    (i) These end-of-year reports shall be submitted within 90 days of 
the end of the model year to: Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance 
Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, 
Washington, DC, 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the model year, engine family, and 
the actual U.S. sales volume. The manufacturer may petition the 
Administrator to allow volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu 
of U.S. sales. Such petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the 
end of the model year to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the 
petition to be granted, the manufacturer must establish to the

[[Page 25]]

satisfaction of the Administrator that production volume is functionally 
equivalent to sales volume.
    (iii) The U.S. sales volume for end-of-year reports shall be based 
on the location of the point of sale to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (iv) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the end-of-year report 
within the specified time may result in certificate(s) for the engine 
family(ies) certified to Tier 1 certification standards being voided ab 
initio plus any applicable civil penalties for failure to submit the 
required information to the Agency.
    (v) These reports shall include the information required under 
Sec. 86.000-7(h)(1). The information shall be organized in such a way as 
to allow the Administrator to determine compliance with the SFTP 
standards implementation schedules of Secs. 86.000-8 and 86.000-9.
    (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.

[61 FR 54882, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-24   Test vehicles and engines.

    Section 86.000-24 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.096-24 or Sec. 86.098-24. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.096-24 or Sec. 86.098-24 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.000-24, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-
24.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-24.''
    (a) introductory text through (a)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (a)(5) through (a)(7) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-24.
    (a)(8) through (b)(1) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (b)(1)(i) Vehicles are chosen to be operated and tested for emission 
data based upon engine family groupings. Within each engine family, one 
test vehicle is selected. If air conditioning is projected to be 
available on any vehicles within the engine family, the Administrator 
will limit selections to engine codes which have air conditioning 
available and will require that any vehicle selected under this section 
has air conditioning installed and operational. The Administrator 
selects as the test vehicle the vehicle with the heaviest equivalent 
test weight (including options) within the family which meets the air 
conditioning eligibility requirement discussed earlier in this section. 
If more than one vehicle meets this criterion, then within that vehicle 
grouping, the Administrator selects, in the order listed, the highest 
road-load power, largest displacement, the transmission with the highest 
numerical final gear ratio (including overdrive), the highest numerical 
axle ratio offered in that engine family, and the maximum fuel flow 
calibration.
    (ii) The Administrator selects one additional test vehicle from 
within each engine family. The additional vehicle selected is the 
vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those vehicles 
remaining in the engine family. The selected vehicle will include an air 
conditioning engine code unless the Administrator chooses a worst 
vehicle configuration that is not available with air conditioning. If 
all vehicles within the engine family are similar, the Administrator may 
waive the requirements of this paragraph.
    (b)(1)(iii) through (b)(1)(vi) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (b)(1)(vii)(A) through (b)(1)(viii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-24.
    (b)(1)(viii)(B) through (e)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (f) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-24.
    (g)(1) through (g)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.
    (g)(3) Except for air conditioning, where it is expected that 33 
percent or less of a carline, within an engine-system combination, will 
be equipped with an item (whether that item is standard equipment or an 
option) that can reasonably be expected to influence emissions, that 
item may not be installed on any emission data vehicle or durability 
data vehicle of that carline within that engine-system combination, 
unless that item is standard equipment on that vehicle or specifically 
required by the Administrator.
    (4) Air conditioning must be installed and operational on any 
emission data vehicle of any vehicle configuration that is projected to 
be available with air conditioning regardless of the rate

[[Page 26]]

of installation of air conditioning within the carline. Section 86.096-
24(g) (1) and (2) and paragraph (g)(3) of this section will be used to 
determine whether the weight of the air conditioner will be included in 
equivalent test weight calculations for emission testing.
    (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.

[61 FR 54882, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-25   Maintenance.

    Section 86.000-25 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-25 or Sec. 86.098-25. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-25 or Sec. 86.098-25 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.000-25, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
25.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-25.''
    (a)(1) Applicability. This section applies to light-duty vehicles, 
light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines.
    (a)(2) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components used to determine exhaust, evaporative or refueling emission 
deterioration factors is classified as either emission-related or non-
emission-related and each of these can be classified as either scheduled 
or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related maintenance is also 
classified as critical emission-related maintenance.
    (b) introductory text through (b)(3)(vi)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.094-25.
    (b)(3)(vi)(E) through (b)(3)(vi)(J) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-25.
    (b)(3)(vii) through (b)(6)(i)(E) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-25.
    (b)(6)(i)(F) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-25.
    (b)(6)(i)(G) through (H) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
25.
    (i) When air conditioning SFTP exhaust emission tests are required, 
the manufacturer must document that the vehicle's air conditioning 
system is operating properly and that system parameters are within 
operating design specifications prior to test. Required air conditioning 
system maintenance is performed as unscheduled maintenance and does not 
require the Administrator's approval.

[61 FR 54883, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.

    Section 86.000-26 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-26, Sec. 86.095-26, Sec. 86.096-26 or 
Sec. 86.098-26. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-26, Sec. 86.095-26, 
Sec. 86.096-26 or Sec. 86.098-26 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.000-26, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-26.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.098-26.''
    (a)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(2) The standard method of whole-vehicle service accumulation for 
durability data vehicles and for emission data vehicles shall be mileage 
accumulation using the Durability Driving Schedule as specified in 
appendix IV to this part. A modified procedure may also be used if 
approved in advance by the Administrator. Except with the advance 
approval of the Administrator, all vehicles will accumulate mileage at a 
measured curb weight which is within 100 pounds of the estimated curb 
weight. If the loaded vehicle weight is within 100 pounds of being 
included in the next higher inertia weight class as specified in 
Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to conduct the respective 
emission tests at higher loaded vehicle weight.
    (3) Emission data vehicles. Unless otherwise provided for in 
Sec. 86.000-23(a), emission-data vehicles shall be operated and tested 
as described in paragraph (a)(3)(i)(A) of this section; Sec. 86.094-
26(a)(3)(i)(B) and (D), Sec. 86.098-26(a)(3)(i)(C) and (a)(3)(ii)(C), 
and Sec. 86.094-26(a)(3)(ii) (A), (B) and (D).
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer

[[Page 27]]

may elect to accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an 
engine family without making a determination. The manufacturer must 
accumulate a minimum of 2,000 miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test 
vehicle within an engine family. All test vehicle mileage must be 
accurately determined, recorded, and reported to the Administrator. Any 
vehicle used to represent emission-data vehicle selections under 
Sec. 86.000-24(b)(1) shall be equipped with an engine and emission 
control system that has accumulated the mileage the manufacturer chose 
to accumulate on the test vehicle. Fuel economy data generated from 
certification vehicles selected in accordance with Sec. 86.000-24(b)(1) 
with engine-system combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 
kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be factored in accordance with 40 CFR 
600.006-87(c). Complete exhaust (FTP and SFTP tests), evaporative and 
refueling (if required) emission tests shall be conducted for each 
emission-data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.000-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.000-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (a)(3)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(3)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-26.
    (a)(3)(i)(D) through (a)(3)(ii)(B)[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(3)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-26.
    (a)(3)(ii)(D) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(4)[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(4)(i)(C) Complete exhaust emission tests shall be made at 
nominal test point mileage intervals that the manufacturer determines. 
Unless the Administrator approves a manufacturer's request to develop 
specific deterioration factors for aggressive driving (US06) and air 
conditioning (SC03) test cycle results, tail pipe exhaust emission 
deterioration factors are determined from only FTP test cycle data. At a 
minimum, two complete exhaust emission tests shall be made. The first 
test shall be made at a distance not greater than 6,250 miles. The last 
shall be made at the mileage accumulation endpoint determined in 
Sec. 86.094-26 (a)(4)(i) (A) or (B), whichever is applicable.
    (a)(4)(i)(D) through (a)(6)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(6)(iii) The results of all emission tests shall be rounded to 
the number of places to the right of the decimal point indicated by 
expressing the applicable emission standard of this subpart to one 
additional significant figure, in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications 
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 86.1).
    (a)(7) through (a)(9)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (a)(9)(ii) The test procedures in Secs. 86.106 through 86.149 and 
Sec. 86.158 will be followed by the Administrator. The Administrator may 
test the vehicles at each test point. Maintenance may be performed by 
the manufacturer under such conditions as the Administrator may 
prescribe.
    (a)(9)(iii) through (b)(2) introductory text [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (b)(2)(i) This paragraph (b)(2)(i) applies to service accumulation 
conducted under the Standard Self-Approval Durability Program of 
Sec. 86.094-13(f). The manufacturer determines the form and extent of 
this service accumulation, consistent with good engineering practice, 
and describes it in the application for certification. Service 
accumulation under the Standard Self-Approval Durability Program is 
conducted on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components selected by 
the manufacturer under Sec. 86.000-24(c)(2)(i).
    (ii) This paragraph (b)(2)(ii) applies to service accumulation 
conducted under the Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program 
of Sec. 86.094-13(e). The service accumulation method is developed by 
the manufacturer to be consistent with good engineering practice and to 
accurately predict the deterioration of the vehicle's emissions in 
actual use over its full useful life. The method is subject to advance 
approval by the Administrator and to verification by an in-use 
verification program conducted by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.094-
13(e)(5).

[[Page 28]]

    (b)(2)(iii) through (b)(4)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (b)(4)(i)(D) through (b)(4)(ii)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-26.
    (b)(4)(iii) [Reserved].
    (b)(4)(iv) through (c)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (c)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-26.
    (d) introductory text through (d)(2)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (d)(2)(ii) The results of all emission tests shall be recorded and 
reported to the Administrator. These test results shall be rounded, in 
accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-90, 
Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference; see 
Sec. 86.1), to the number of decimal places contained in the applicable 
emission standard expressed to one additional significant figure.
    (d)(3) through (d)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.

[61 FR 54883, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.000-28   Compliance with emission standards.

    Section 86.000-28 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-28 or Sec. 86.098-28. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-28 or Sec. 86.098-28 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.000-28, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
28.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.''
    (a)(1) This paragraph (a) applies to light duty vehicles.
    (2) Each exhaust, evaporative and refueling emission standard (and 
family particulate emission limits, as appropriate) of Sec. 86.000-8 
applies to the emissions of vehicles for the appropriate useful life as 
defined in Secs. 86.000-2 and 86.000-8.
    (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4) Introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-
28.
    (a)(4)(i) Separate emission deterioration factors for each regulated 
exhaust constituent shall be determined from the FTP exhaust emission 
results of the durability-data vehicle(s) for each engine-system 
combination. Unless the Administrator approves a manufacturer's request 
to develop specific deterioration factors for US06 and air conditioning 
(SC03) test results, applicable FTP deterioration factors will also be 
used to estimate intermediate and full useful life emissions for all 
SFTP regulated emission levels. Separate evaporative and/or refueling 
emission deterioration factors shall be determined for each evaporative/
refueling emission family-emission control system combination from the 
testing conducted by the manufacturer (gasoline-fueled and methanol-
fueled vehicles only). Separate refueling emission deterioration factors 
shall be determined for each evaporative/refueling emission family-
emission control system combination from the testing conducted by the 
manufacturer (petroleum-fueled diesel cycle vehicles not certified under 
the provisions of Sec. 86.098-28(g) only).
    (a)(4)(i)(A) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) These interpolated values shall be carried out 
to a minimum of four places to the right of the decimal point before 
dividing one by the other to determine the deterioration factor. The 
results shall be rounded to three places to the right of the decimal 
point in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-
90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 
Determine Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference; 
see Sec. 86.1).
    (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(iii) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(iv) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(C) through (a)(4)(i)(D)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(4)(ii)(A)(1) The official exhaust emission test results for each 
applicable exhaust emission standard for each emission data vehicle at 
the selected test point shall be multiplied by the appropriate 
deterioration factor: Provided, that if a deterioration factor as 
computed in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section is less than 
one, that deterioration factor shall be one for the purposes of this 
paragraph. For the SFTP composite standard of (NMHC+NOX), the 
measured results of

[[Page 29]]

NMHC and NOX must each be multiplied by their corresponding 
deterioration factors before the composite (NMHC+NOX) 
standard is calculated.
    (2) The calculation specified in paragraph (a)(4)(ii)(A)(1) of this 
section may be modified with advance approval of the Administrator for 
engine-system combinations which are certified under the Alternative 
Service Accumulation Durability Program specified in Sec. 86.094-13(e).
    (a)(4)(ii)(B) through (a)(4)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(4)(iii) The emissions to compare with the standard (or the 
family particulate emission limit, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted 
emissions of Sec. 86.098-28 (a)(4)(ii)(B) and (C) and paragraph 
(a)(4)(ii)(A) of this section 211a for each emission-data vehicle. For 
the SFTP composite (NMHC+NOX) results, the individual 
deterioration factors must be applied to the applicable NMHC and 
NOX test results prior to calculating the adjusted composite 
(NMHC+NOX) level that is compared with the standard. The 
additional composite calculations that are required by the SFTP are 
discussed in Sec. 86.164-00 (Supplemental federal test procedure 
calculations). Before any emission value is compared with the standard 
(or the family particulate emission limit, as appropriate), it shall be 
rounded to two significant figures in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications 
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 86.1). The rounded emission values 
may not exceed the standard (or the family particulate emission limit, 
as appropriate).
    (a)(4)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(v) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(5) through (a)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(7) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-
28.
    (a)(7)(i) Separate deterioration factors shall be determined from 
the exhaust emission results of the durability data vehicles for each 
emission standard applicable under Sec. 86.000-8, for each engine family 
group. Unless the Administrator approves a manufacturer's request to 
develop specific deterioration factors for US06 and air conditioning 
(SC03) test results, applicable deterioration factors determined from 
FTP exhaust emission results will also be used to estimate intermediate 
and full useful life emissions for all SFTP regulated emission levels. 
The evaporative and/or refueling emission deterioration factors for each 
evaporative/refueling family will be determined and applied in 
accordance with Sec. 86.098-28 (a)(4) introductory text, (a)(4)(i)(C) 
and (D), (a)(4)(ii)(B) and (C), and (a)(4)(v) and Sec. 86.094-28 
(a)(4)(i)(A) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(i), (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(iii) and (iv), 
and (a)(4)(iv) and paragraphs (a)(4) (i) introductory, 
(a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii), (a)(4)(ii)(A), and (a)(4)(iii) of this section.
    (a)(7)(ii) through (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-28.
    (b)(4)(ii) Separate exhaust emission deterioration factors for each 
regulated exhaust constituent, determined from tests of vehicles, 
engines, subsystems, or components conducted by the manufacturer, shall 
be supplied for each standard and for each engine-system combination. 
Unless the Administrator approves a manufacturer's request to develop 
specific deterioration factors for US06 and air conditioning (SC03) test 
results, applicable deterioration factors determined from FTP exhaust 
emission results will also be used to estimate intermediate and full 
useful life emissions for all SFTP regulated emission levels.
    (iii) The official exhaust emission results for each applicable 
exhaust emission standard for each emission data vehicle at the selected 
test point shall be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of 
this paragraph (b)(4)(iii).
    (iv) The emissions to compare with the standard(s) (or the family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted 
emissions of paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section for each emission-
data vehicle. For the SFTP composite (NMHC+NOX) results, the 
individual deterioration factors must be applied to the applicable NMHC 
and

[[Page 30]]

NOX test results prior to calculating the adjusted composite 
(NMHC+NOX) level that is compared with the standard. The 
additional composite calculations that are required by the SFTP are 
discussed in Sec. 86.164-00 (Supplemental federal test procedure 
calculations). Before any emission value is compared with the standard, 
it shall be rounded to two significant figures in accordance with the 
Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for 
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 86.1).
    (5)(i) Paragraphs (b)(5)(i) (A) and (B) of this section apply only 
to manufacturers electing to participate in the particulate averaging 
program.
    (A) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
particulate emission limit(s), compliance with the new limit(s) must be 
based upon existing certification data.
    (B) The production-weighted average of the family particulate 
emission limits of all applicable engine families, rounded to two 
significant figures in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified 
in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test 
Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by 
reference; see Sec. 86.1), must comply with the particulate standards in 
Sec. 86.099-9 (a)(1)(iv) or (d)(1)(iv), or the composite particulate 
standard as defined in Sec. 86.094-2, as appropriate, at the end of the 
product year.
    (ii) Paragraphs (b)(5)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section apply only to 
manufacturers electing to participate in the NOX averaging 
program.
    (A) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
NOX emission limit(s), compliance with the new limit(s) must 
be based upon existing certification data.
    (B) The production-weighted average of the family FTP NOX 
emission limits of all applicable engine families, rounded to two 
significant figures in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified 
in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test 
Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by 
reference; see Sec. 86.1), must comply with the NOX standards 
of Sec. 86.099-9(a)(1)(iii) (A) or (B), or the composite NOX 
standard as defined in Sec. 86.094-2, at the end of the product year.
    (b)(6) [Reserved]
    (b)(7)(i) through (b)(7)(iii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-28.
    (b)(7)(iv) The emission value for each evaporative emission data 
vehicle to compare with the standards shall be the adjusted emission 
value of Sec. 86.094-28 (b)(7)(iii) rounded to two significant figures 
in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-90, 
Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference; see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (b)(8) through (c)(4)(iii)(B)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-28.
    (c)(4)(iv) The emission values for each emission data engine to 
compare with the standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) 
shall be the adjusted emission values of Sec. 86.094-28 (c)(4)(iii), 
rounded to the same number of significant figures as contained in the 
applicable standard in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified 
in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test 
Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by 
reference; see Sec. 86.1).
    (c)(5) through (d)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (d)(5) The emission level to compare with the standard shall be the 
adjusted emission level of Sec. 86.094-28 (d)(4). Before any emission 
value is compared with the standard it shall be rounded to two 
significant figures, in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method 
specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits 
in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications (incorporated 
by reference; see Sec. 86.1). The rounded emission values may not exceed 
the standard.
    (6) Every test vehicle of an evaporative emission family must comply 
with the evaporative emission standard, as determined in paragraph 
(d)(5) of this section, before any vehicle in that family may be 
certified.

[[Page 31]]

    (e) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.

[61 FR 54884, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.001-1  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart generally apply to 2001 and later 
model year new Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle heavy-duty engines. In cases 
where a provision applies only to a certain vehicle group based on its 
model year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, or other 
distinguishing characteristics, the limited applicability is cited in 
the appropriate section or paragraph. The provisions of this subpart 
continue to generally apply to 2000 and earlier model year new Otto-
cycle and diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles and 2000 and earlier model 
year new Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle light-duty trucks produced. 
Provisions generally applicable to all 2001 and later model year new 
Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles and 2001 and later model 
year new Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle light-duty trucks are located in 
Subpart S of this part.
    (b) Optional applicability. A manufacturer may request to certify 
any heavy-duty vehicle of 14,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight Rating or 
less in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions located in 
Subpart S of this Part. Heavy-duty engine or vehicle provisions do not 
apply to such a vehicle.
    (c)-(d) [Reserved]
    (e) Small volume manufacturers. Special certification procedures are 
available for any manufacturer whose projected combined U.S. sales of 
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-
duty engines in its product line (including all vehicles and engines 
imported under the provisions of Secs. 85.1505 and 85.1509 of this 
chapter) are fewer than 10,000 units for the model year in which the 
manufacturer seeks certification. To certify its product line under 
these optional procedures, the small-volume manufacturer must first 
obtain the Administrator's approval. The manufacturer must meet the 
eligibility criteria specified in Sec. 86.092-14(b) before the 
Administrator's approval will be granted. The small-volume 
manufacturer's certification procedures are described in Sec. 86.092-14.
    (f) Optional procedures for determining exhaust opacity. (1) The 
provisions of subpart I of this part apply to tests which are performed 
by the Administrator, and optionally, by the manufacturer.
    (2) Measurement procedures, other than those described in subpart I 
of this part, may be used by the manufacturer provided the manufacturer 
satisfies the requirements of Sec. 86.091-23(f).
    (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use an alternative measurement 
procedure it has the responsibility to determine whether the results 
obtained by the procedure will correlate with the results which would be 
obtained from the measurement procedure in subpart I of this part. 
Consequently, the Administrator will not routinely approve or disapprove 
any alternative opacity measurement procedure or any associated 
correlation data which the manufacturer elects to use to satisfy the 
data requirements for subpart I of this part.
    (4) If a confirmatory test(s) is performed and the results indicate 
there is a systematic problem suggesting that the data generated under 
an optional alternative measurement procedure do not adequately 
correlate with data obtained in accordance with the procedures described 
in subpart I of this part, EPA may require that all certificates of 
conformity not already issued be based on data obtained from procedures 
described in subpart I of this part.

[64 FR 23920, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.001-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.000-2 continue to apply to 2000 and later 
model year vehicles. The definitions listed in this section apply 
beginning with the 2001 model year.
    Useful life means:
    (1) For light-duty vehicles, and for light light-duty trucks not 
subject to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9(a), intermediate useful 
life and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a period of 
use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full useful life 
is a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first, 
except as otherwise noted in Sec. 86.094-9. The useful life of 
evaporative and/or refueling

[[Page 32]]

emission control systems on the portion of these vehicles subject to the 
evaporative emission test requirements of Sec. 86.130-96, and/or the 
refueling emission test requirements of Sec. 86.151-2001, is defined as 
a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (2) For light light-duty trucks subject to the Tier 0 standards of 
Sec. 86.094-9(a), and for heavy light-duty truck engine families, 
intermediate and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a 
period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full 
useful life is a period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
occurs first. The useful life of evaporative emission and/or refueling 
control systems on the portion of these vehicles subject to the 
evaporative emission test requirements of Sec. 86.130-96, and/or the 
refueling emission test requirements of Sec. 86.151-2001, is also 
defined as a period of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs 
first.
    (3) For an Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine family:
    (i) For hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide standards, a period of use 
of 8 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (ii) For the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 
years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (iii) For the portion of evaporative emission control systems 
subject to the evaporative emission test requirements of Sec. 86.1230-
96, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs 
first.
    (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family:
    (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, and particulate standards, a period of use of 8 years or 
110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (ii) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen 
standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first 
occurs.
    (iii) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, and particulate standards, a period of use of 8 years or 
185,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (iv) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for the oxides of 
nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 185,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.
    (v) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, and particulate standards, a period of use of 8 years or 
290,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except as provided in paragraph 
(4)(vii) of this definition.
    (vi) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen 
standard, a period of use of 10 years or 290,000 miles, whichever first 
occurs.
    (vii) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines used in urban buses, for 
the particulate standard, a period of use of 10 years or 290,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.

[59 FR 16281, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 61 FR 54886, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.001-9  Emission standards for 2001 and later model year light-duty trucks

    Section 86.001-9 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.097-9, Sec. 86.099-9 or Sec. 86.000-9. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.097-9, Sec. 86.099-9 or Sec. 86.000-9 is identical 
and applicable to Sec. 86.001-9, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.097-9.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-9.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-9.''
    (a)(1) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.
    (a)(1)(iv) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-
9.
    (b)(5) [Reserved]
    (b)(6) Vehicles certified to the refueling standards set forth in 
paragraph (d) of this section are not required to demonstrate compliance 
with the fuel dispensing spitback standards contained in Sec. 86.096-9 
(b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(iii): Provided, that they meet the requirements 
of Sec. 86.001-28(f).
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.
    (d) Refueling emissions from 2001 and later model year gasoline-
fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and methanol-
fueled diesel-cycle light duty trucks of 6,000 pounds or less GVWR shall 
not exceed the following standards. The standards apply equally to 
certification and in-use vehicles.

[[Page 33]]

    (1) Standards--(i) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle and 
petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles). 0.20 gram per gallon (0.053 
gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (ii) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
0.20 gram per gallon (0.053 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (iii) Hydrocarbons (for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). 
0.15 gram per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (iv) Refueling receptacle (for natural gas-fueled vehicles). 
Refueling receptacles on natural gas-fueled vehicles shall comply with 
the receptacle provisions of the ANSI/AGA NGV1-1994 standard (as 
incorporated by reference in Sec. 86.1).
    (2)(i) The standards set forth in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section refer to a sample of refueling emissions collected under 
the conditions as set forth in subpart B of this part and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles powered by petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle engines, 
the provisions set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section may be 
waived: Provided, that the manufacturer complies with the provisions of 
Sec. 86.001-28(f).
    (3) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A01-09 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled 
diesel-cycle light-duty trucks of 6,000 pounds or less GVWR shall be 
tested under the procedures in subpart B of this part indicated for 2001 
and later model years, and shall not exceed the standards described in 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section. Vehicles certified in accordance with 
paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section, as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.001-28(g), shall not be counted in the calculation of the 
percentage of compliance:

  Table A01-09--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Truck Refueling
                            Emission Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001.......................................................           40
2002.......................................................           80
2003 and subsequent........................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-9.
    (f) [Reserved]
    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.

[61 FR 54886, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.001-21  Application for certification.

    Section 86.001-21 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-21 or Sec. 86.096-21. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-21 or Sec. 86.096-21 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.001-21, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
21.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-21.''
    (a) through (b)(1)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
21.
    (b)(1)(i)(C) The manufacturer must submit a Statement of Compliance 
in the application for certification which attests to the fact that they 
have assured themselves that the engine family is designed to comply 
with the intermediate temperature cold testing criteria of subpart C of 
this part, and does not unnecessarily reduce emission control 
effectiveness of vehicles operating at high altitude or other conditions 
not experienced within the US06 (aggressive driving) and SC03 (air 
conditioning) test cycles.
    (b)(1)(i)(C)(1) through (b)(1)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(2) Projected U.S. sales data sufficient to enable the 
Administrator to select a test fleet representative of the vehicles (or 
engines) for which certification is requested, and data sufficient to 
determine projected compliance with the standards implementation 
schedules of Sec. 86.000-8 and 86.000-9. Volume projected to be produced 
for U.S. sale may be used in lieu of projected U.S. sales.
    (b)(3) A description of the test equipment and fuel proposed to be 
used.

[[Page 34]]

    (b)(4)(i) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a 
description of the test procedures to be used to establish the 
evaporative emission and/or refueling emission deterioration factors, as 
appropriate, required to be determined and supplied in Sec. 86.001-
23(b)(2).
    (b)(4)(ii) through (b)(5)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(5)(v) For light-duty vehicles and applicable light-duty trucks 
with non-integrated refueling emission control systems, the number of 
continuous UDDS cycles, determined from the fuel economy on the UDDS 
applicable to the test vehicle of that evaporative/refueling emission 
family-emission control system combination, required to use a volume of 
fuel equal to 85% of fuel tank volume.
    (b)(6) through (b)(8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(9) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, evaporative/
refueling emission family or heavy-duty vehicle evaporative emission 
family, a description of any unique procedures required to perform 
evaporative and/or refueling emission tests, as applicable, (including 
canister working capacity, canister bed volume, and fuel temperature 
profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative 
and/or evaporative/refueling emission family, and a description of the 
method used to develop those unique procedures.
    (10) For each light-duty vehicle or applicable light-duty truck 
evaporative/refueling emission family, or each heavy-duty vehicle 
evaporative emission family:
    (i) Canister working capacity, according to the procedures specified 
in Sec. 86.132-96(h)(1)(iv);
    (ii) Canister bed volume; and
    (iii) Fuel temperature profile for the running loss test, according 
to the procedures specified in Sec. 86.129-94(d).
    (c) through (j) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (k) and (l) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-21.

[61 FR 54886, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.001-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment for certification and 

          Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of limits, and 
          physically adjustable ranges.

    Section 86.001-22 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-22. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-22 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.001-22, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-22.''.
    (a) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-22.
    (d) Approval of test procedures. (1) The Administrator does not 
approve the test procedures for establishing the evaporative or 
refueling emission deterioration factors for light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks. The manufacturer shall submit the procedures as 
required in Sec. 86.098-21(b)(4)(i) prior to the Administrator's 
selection of the test fleet under Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1), and if such 
procedures will involve testing of durability data vehicles selected by 
the Administrator or elected by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.098-
24(c)(1), prior to initiation of such testing.
    (d)(2) through (g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-22.

[59 FR 16283, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.001-23  Required data.

    Section 86.001-23 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.095-23, Sec. 86.098-23 or Sec. 86.000-23. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.095-23, Sec. 86.098-23 or Sec. 86.000-23 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.001-23, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-23.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-23.''
    (a) through (b)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.
    (b)(2) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the 
manufacturer shall submit evaporative emission and/or refueling emission 
deterioration factors for each evaporative/refueling

[[Page 35]]

emission family-emission control system combination and all test data 
that are derived from testing described under Sec. 86.001-21(b)(4)(i) 
designed and conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to 
assure that the vehicles covered by a certificate issued under 
Sec. 86.001-30 will meet the evaporative and/or refueling emission 
standards in Sec. 86.099-8 or Sec. 86.001-9, as appropriate, for the 
useful life of the vehicle.
    (b)(3) and (b)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.
    (c)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (c)(2) through (e)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.
    (e)(2) For evaporative and refueling emissions durability, or light-
duty truck or HDE exhaust emissions durability, a statement of 
compliance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section or Sec. 86.098-23 
(b)(1)(ii), (b)(3), or (b)(4) as applicable.
    (3) For certification of vehicles with non-integrated refueling 
systems, a statement that the drivedown used to purge the refueling 
canister was the same as described in the manufacturer's application for 
certification. Furthermore, a description of the procedures used to 
determine the number of equivalent UDDS miles required to purge the 
refueling canisters, as determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.001-
21(b)(5)(v) and subpart B of this part. Furthermore, a written statement 
to the Administrator that all data, analyses, test procedures, 
evaluations and other documents, on which the above statement is based, 
are available to the Administrator upon request.
    (f)-(g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (h)-(m) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-23.

[61 FR 54887, Oct. 22, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 54720, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.001-24  Test vehicles and engines.

    Section 86.001-24 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.096-24, Sec. 86.098-24 or Sec. 86.000-24. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.096-24, Sec. 86.098-24 or Sec. 86.000-9 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.001-24, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-24.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-24.''
    (a) through (a)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.
    (a)(5) through (a)(7) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-24.
    (a)(8) through (b)(1) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.000-24.
    (b)(1)(iii) through (b)(1)(vi) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (b)(1)(vii)(A) through (b)(1)(viii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-24.
    (b)(1)(viii)(B) through (e)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (f) Carryover and carryacross of durability and emission data. In 
lieu of testing an emission-data or durability vehicle (or engine) 
selected under Sec. 86.096-24(b)(1) introductory text, (b)(1)(iii) 
through (b)(1)(vi) and Sec. 86.000-24(b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(ii) and 
Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1)(vii)(A) through (b)(1)(viii)(A) or Sec. 86.096-
24(c), and submitting data therefor, a manufacturer may, with the prior 
written approval of the Administrator, submit exhaust emission data, 
evaporative emission data and/or refueling emission data, as applicable, 
on a similar vehicle (or engine) for which certification has been 
obtained or for which all applicable data required under Sec. 86.001-23 
has previously been submitted.
    (g)(1) through (g)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.
    (g)(3) through (g)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86-000-24.
    (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.

[61 FR 54887, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.001-25   Maintenance.

    Section 86.001-25 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-25 or Sec. 86.098-25. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-25 or Sec. 86.098-25 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.001-25, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
25.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-25.''
    (a)(1) Applicability. This section applies to light-duty vehicles, 
light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines.

[[Page 36]]

    (2) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components used to determine exhaust, evaporative or refueling emission 
deterioration factors, as appropriate, is classified as either emission-
related or non-emission-related and each of these can be classified as 
either scheduled or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related 
maintenance is also classified as critical emission-related maintenance.
    (b) introductory text through (b)(3)(vi)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.094-25.
    (b)(3)(vi)(E) through (b)(3)(vi)(J) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-25.
    (b)(3)(vii) through (b)(6)(i)(E) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-25.
    (b)(6)(i)(F) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-25.
    (b)(6)(i)(G) through (H) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
25.
    (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-25.

[61 FR 54887, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.001-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.

    Section 86.001-26 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-26, Sec. 86.095-26, Sec. 86.096-26, Sec. 86.098-
26 or Sec. 86.000-26. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-26, Sec. 86.095-
26, Sec. 86.096-26, Sec. 86.098-26 or Sec. 86.000-26 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.001-26, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-26.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.098-26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.000-26.''
    (a)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(2) through (a)(3)(i)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.000-26.
    (a)(3)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(3)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-26.
    (a)(3)(i)(D) through (a)(3)(ii)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(3)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-26.
    (a)(3)(ii)(D) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(4)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-26.
    (a)(4)(i)(D) through (a)(6)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(6)(iii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-26.
    (a)(7) through (a)(9)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (a)(9)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-26.
    (a)(9)(iii) through (b)(2) introductory text [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.000-26.
    (b)(2)(iii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (b)(2)(iv) Service or mileage accumulation which may be part of the 
test procedures used by the manufacturer to establish evaporative and/or 
refueling emission deterioration factors.
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (b)(4)(i)(C) Exhaust, evaporative and/or refueling emission tests 
for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.096-
24(b)(1)(ii), (iii) or (iv)(A) or Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1)(vii) shall be 
conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which the engine-system 
combination is stabilized for emission testing or at 6,436 kilometer 
(4,000 mile) test point under low-altitude conditions.
    (b)(4)(i)(D) through (b)(4)(ii)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-26.
    (b)(4)(ii)(C) Exhaust, evaporative and/or refueling emission tests 
for emission data vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(1)(ii), (iii), and (iv) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 
mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at the 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under 
low-altitude conditions.
    (b)(4)(ii)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-26.
    (b)(4)(iii) [Reserved]
    (b)(4)(iv) through (c)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (c)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-26.
    (d) through (d)(2)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (d)(2)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-26.
    (d)(3) through (d)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.

[61 FR 54888, Oct. 22, 1996]

[[Page 37]]



Sec. 86.001-28  Compliance with emission standards.

    Section 86.001-28 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-28, Sec. 86.098-28 or Sec. 86.000-28. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.094-28, Sec. 86.098-28 or Sec. 86.000-28 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.001-28, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-28.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.''
    (a)(1) through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(4)(i) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(A) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(iii) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(iv) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(C) through (a)(4)(i)(D)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(4)(ii)(A)(1) through (a)(4)(ii)(A)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(ii)(B) through (a)(4)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(4)(iii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(v) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(5) through (a)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(7) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-
28.
    (a)(7)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(7)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (b)(1) This paragraph (b) applies to light-duty trucks.
    (2) Each exhaust, evaporative and refueling emission standard (and 
family emission limits, as appropriate) of Sec. 86.001-9 applies to the 
emissions of vehicles for the appropriate useful life as defined in 
Secs. 86.098-2 and 86.001-9.
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
28.
    (b)(4)(ii) through (b)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-
28.
    (b)(7)(i) This paragraph (b)(7) describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of a new vehicle with evaporative emission 
standards. The procedure described here shall be used for all vehicles 
in applicable model years.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall determine, based on testing described in 
Sec. 86.001-21(b)(4)(i)(A), and supply an evaporative emission 
deterioration factor for each evaporative/refueling emission family-
emission control system combination. The factor shall be calculated by 
subtracting the emission level at the selected test point from the 
emission level at the useful life point.
    (iii) The official evaporative emission test results for each 
evaporative/refueling emission-data vehicle at the selected test point 
shall be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration 
factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the 
manufacturer is less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of 
this paragraph (b)(7)(iii).
    (iv) The evaporative emission value for each emission-data vehicle 
to compare with the standards shall be the adjusted emission value of 
paragraph (b)(7)(iii) of this section rounded to two significant figures 
in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-90, 
Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference; see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (8)(i) This paragraph (b)(8) describes the procedure for determining 
compliance of a new vehicle with refueling emission standards. The 
procedure described here shall be used for all applicable vehicles in 
the applicable model years.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall determine, based on testing described in 
Sec. 86.001-21(b)(4)(i)(B), and supply a refueling emission 
deterioration factor for each evaporative/refueling emission family-
emission control system combination. The factor shall be calculated by 
subtracting the emission level at the selected test point from the 
emission level at the useful life point.

[[Page 38]]

    (iii) The official refueling emission test results for each 
evaporative/refueling emission-data vehicle at the selected test point 
shall be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration 
factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the 
manufacturer is less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of 
this paragraph (b)(8)(iii).
    (iv) The emission value for each evaporative emission-data vehicle 
to compare with the standards shall be the adjusted emission value of 
paragraph (b)(8)(iii) of this section rounded to two significant figures 
in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-90, 
Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference; see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (9) Every test vehicle of an engine family must comply with all 
applicable standards (and family emission limits, as appropriate), as 
determined in Sec. 86.000-28(b)(4)(iv) and paragraphs (b)(7)(iv) and 
(b)(8)(iv) of this section, before any vehicle in that family will be 
certified.
    (c) Introductory text through (c)(4)(iii)(B)(3) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (c)(4)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (c)(5) through (d)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (d)(5) through (d)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Fuel dispensing spitback testing waiver. (1) Vehicles certified 
to the refueling emission standards set forth in Sec. 86.098-8, 86.099-8 
and 86.001-9 are not required to demonstrate compliance with the fuel 
dispensing spitback standards contained in these sections: Provided, 
that--
    (i) The manufacturer certifies that the vehicle inherently meets the 
Dispensing Spitback Standard as part of compliance with the refueling 
emission standard.
    (ii) This certification is provided in writing and applies to the 
full useful life of the vehicle.
    (2) EPA retains the authority to require testing to enforce 
compliance and to prevent non-compliance with the Fuel Dispensing 
Spitback Standard.
    (g) Inherently low refueling emission testing waiver. (1) Vehicles 
using fuels/fuel systems inherently low in refueling emissions are not 
required to conduct testing to demonstrate compliance with the refueling 
emission standards set forth in Secs. 86.098-8, 86.099-8 or 86.001-9: 
Provided, that--
    (i) This provision is only available for petroleum diesel fuel. It 
is only available if the Reid Vapor Pressure of in-use diesel fuel is 
equal to or less than 1 psi (7 Kpa) and for diesel vehicles whose fuel 
tank temperatures do not exceed 130  deg.F (54  deg.C); and
    (ii) To certify using this provision the manufacturer must attest to 
the following evaluation: ``Due to the low vapor pressure of diesel fuel 
and the vehicle tank temperatures, hydrocarbon vapor concentrations are 
low and the vehicle meets the 0.20 grams/gallon refueling emission 
standard without a control system.''
    (2) The certification required in paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this 
section must be provided in writing and must apply for the full useful 
life of the vehicle.
    (3) EPA reserves the authority to require testing to enforce 
compliance and to prevent noncompliance with the refueling emission 
standard.
    (4) Vehicles certified to the refueling emission standard under this 
provision shall not be counted in the sales percentage compliance 
determinations for the 2001, 2002 and subsequent model years.
    (h) Fixed liquid level gauge waiver. Liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
vehicles which contain fixed liquid level gauges or other gauges or 
valves which can be opened to release fuel or fuel vapor during 
refueling, and which are being tested for refueling emissions, are not 
required to be tested with such gauges or valves open, as outlined in 
Sec. 86.157-98(d)(2), provided the manufacturer can demonstrate, to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator, that such gauges or valves would not 
be opened during refueling in-use due to inaccessibility or other design 
features that would prevent or make it very unlikely that such gauges or 
valves could be opened.

[61 FR 54888, Oct. 22, 1996]

[[Page 39]]



Sec. 86.001-30  Certification.

    Section 86.001-30 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-30, Sec. 86.095-30 or Sec. 86.098-30. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.094-30, Sec. 86.095-30 or Sec. 86.098-30 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.001-30, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.''.
    (a)(1) and (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(3)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (a)(3)(ii) through (a)(4)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iii) introductory text through (a)(4)(iii)(C) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(4)(iv) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (a)(9) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(10) and (a)(11) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (a)(12) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(13) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(14) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a) (15) through (18) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-30.
    (a)(19) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (a)(20) For all light-duty trucks certified to refueling emission 
standards under Sec. 86.001-9, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(20) (i) 
through (iii) this section apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Sec. 86.001-9 both during and after 
model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Sec. 86.001-9 will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) was 
issued and the individual vehicles sold in violation of the 
implementation schedule shall not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (b)(1) introductory text through (b)(1)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(1)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(1)(ii)(B) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under 
Sec. 86.001-24(b)(vii) (A) and (B) shall represent all vehicles of the 
same evaporative/refueling control system within the evaporative/
refueling family.
    (b)(1)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(1)(ii)(D) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected under 
Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1)(viii) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
evaporative/refueling control system within the evaporative/refueling 
emission family, as applicable.
    (b)(1) (iii) and (iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (b)(4)(ii) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(4)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(4)(ii)(B) through (iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-
30.
    (b)(5) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (f) introductory text through (f)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (f)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.

[59 FR 16285, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 54720, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.001-35  Labeling.

    Section 86.001-35 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.095-35, Sec. 86.096-35 and Sec. 86.098-35. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.095-35, Sec. 86.096-35 or Sec. 86.098-35 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.001-35, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.'' or [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-35. or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.''.
    (a) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii)(B) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.

[[Page 40]]

    (a)(1)(iii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-35.
    (a)(1)(iii)(D) through (L) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-
35.
    (a)(1)(iii)(M) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-35.
    (a)(1)(iii)(N) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-35.
    (a)(2) heading through (a)(2)(iii)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(2)(iii)(C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), 
engine family identification and evaporative/refueling family 
identification.
    (a)(2)(iii)(D) through (a)(2)(iii)(E) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(2)(iii)(F) [Reserved]
    (a)(2)(iii)(G) through (a)(2)(iii)(K) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(2)(iii)(L) [Reserved]
    (a)(2)(iii)(M) through (a)(2)(iii)(N) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(2)(iii) (O) through (P) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-35.
    (a)(3) heading through (a)(4)(iii)(F) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(4)(ii)(G) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-35.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.

[59 FR 16285, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.004-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.001-2 continue to apply to 2001 and later 
model year vehicles. The definitions listed in this section apply 
beginning with the 2004 model year.
    Useful life means:
    (1) For light-duty vehicles, and for light light-duty trucks not 
subject to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9(a), intermediate useful 
life and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a period of 
use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full useful life 
is a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first, 
except as otherwise noted in Sec. 86.094-9. The useful life of 
evaporative and/or refueling emission control systems on the portion of 
these vehicles subject to the evaporative emission test requirements of 
Sec. 86.130-96, and/or the refueling emission test requirements of 
Sec. 86.151-98, is defined as a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 
miles, whichever occurs first.
    (2) For light light-duty trucks subject to the Tier 0 standards of 
Sec. 86.094-9(a), and for heavy light-duty truck engine families, 
intermediate and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a 
period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full 
useful life is a period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
occurs first. The useful life of evaporative emission and/or refueling 
control systems on the portion of these vehicles subject to the 
evaporative emission test requirements of Sec. 86.130-96, and/or the 
refueling emission test requirements of Sec. 86.151-98, is also defined 
as a period of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (3) For an Otto-cycle HDE family:
    (i) For hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide standards, a period of use 
of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (ii) For the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 
years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (iii) For the portion of evaporative emission control systems 
subject to the evaporative emission test requirements of Sec. 86.1230-
96, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first 
occurs.
    (4) For a diesel HDE family:
    (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for carbon monoxide, 
particulate, and oxides of nitrogen plus non-methane hydrocarbons 
emissions standards, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.
    (ii) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for carbon monoxide, 
particulate, and oxides of nitrogen plus non-methane hydrocarbons 
emission standards, a period of use of 10 years or 185,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.
    (iii) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, for carbon monoxide, 
particulate, and oxides of nitrogen plus non-methane hydrocarbon 
emissions standards, a period of use of 10 years or 435,000 miles, or 
22,000 hours, whichever first occurs, except as provided in paragraphs 
(4)(iv) and (4)(v) of this definition.
    (iv) The useful life limit of 22,000 hours in paragraph (4)(iii) of 
this definition is effective as a limit to the useful life only when an 
accurate hours meter is provided by the manufacturer with the engine and 
only when such

[[Page 41]]

hours meter can reasonably be expected to operate properly over the 
useful life of the engine.
    (v) For an individual engine, if the useful life hours limit of 
22,000 hours is reached before the engine reaches 10 years or 100,000 
miles, the useful life shall become 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever 
occurs first, as required under Clean Air Act section 202(d).
    (5) As an option for both light-duty trucks under certain conditions 
and HDE families, an alternative useful life period may be assigned by 
the Administrator under the provisions of Sec. 86.094-21(f).
    Warranty period, for purposes of HDE emissions defect warranty and 
emissions performance warranty, shall be a period of 5 years/50,000 
miles, whichever occurs first, for Otto-cycle HDEs and light heavy-duty 
diesel engines. For all other heavy-duty diesel engines the 
aforementioned period shall be 5 years/100,000 miles, whichever occurs 
first. However, in no case may this period be less than the basic 
mechanical warranty period that the manufacturer provides (with or 
without additional charge) to the purchaser of the engine. Extended 
warranties on select parts do not extend the emissions warranty 
requirements for the entire engine but only for those parts. In cases 
where responsibility for an extended warranty is shared between the 
owner and the manufacturer, the emissions warranty shall also be shared 
in the same manner as specified in the warranty agreement.

[62 FR 54720, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.004-9   Emission standards for 2004 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    Section 86.004-9 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.097-9, Sec. 86.099-9, Sec. 86.000-9 or Sec. 86.001-
9. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.097-9, Sec. 86.099-9, Sec. 86.000-9 or 
Sec. 86.001-9 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.004-9, this may be 
indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.'' or ``[Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.099-9.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.000-9.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.001-9.''
    (a)(1) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.
    (a)(1)(iv) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.099-
9.
    (b)(5) [Reserved]
    (b)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.001-9.
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.
    (d) Refueling emissions from 2004 and later model year gasoline-
fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and methanol-
fueled diesel-cycle light-duty trucks shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles.
    (d)(1) through (d)(2)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.001-
9.
    (d)(2)(iii) Heavy-duty vehicles certified as light-duty trucks under 
the provisions of Sec. 86.085-1 shall comply with the provisions of 
Sec. 86.001-9 (d)(1)(i) and (ii).
    (3)(i) All light-duty trucks of a GVWR equal to 6,000 pounds or less 
(100%) must meet the refueling emission standard.
    (ii) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A04-09 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled 
diesel-cycle light-duty trucks of 6,001 to 8,500 pounds GVWR shall be 
tested under the procedures in subpart B of this part indicated for 2004 
and later model years, and shall not exceed the standards described in 
Sec. 86.001-9 (d)(1). Vehicles certified in accordance with Sec. 86.001-
9 (d)(2)(ii), as determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.001-28(g), 
shall not be counted in the calculation of the percentage of compliance:

  Table A04-09--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Truck Refueling
                            Emission Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2004.......................................................           40
2005.......................................................           80
2006 and subsequent........................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-9.
    (f) [Reserved]

[[Page 42]]

    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.

[61 FR 54889, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.004-11  Emission standards for 2004 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 2004 and later model year diesel 
HDEs shall not exceed the following:
    (i)(A) Oxides of Nitrogen plus Non-methane Hydrocarbons (NOX 
+NMHC) for engines fueled with either petroleum fuel, natural gas, or 
liquefied petroleum gas, 2.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.89 gram 
per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) Oxides of Nitrogen plus Non-methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent 
(NOX+NMHCE) for engines fueled with methanol, 2.4 grams per 
brake horsepower-hour (0.89 gram per megajoule), as measured under 
transient operating conditions.
    (C) Optional standard. Manufacturers may elect to certify to an 
Oxides of Nitrogen plus Non-methane Hydrocarbons (or equivalent for 
methanol-fueled engines) standard of 2.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(0.93 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions, provided that Non-methane Hydrocarbons (or equivalent for 
methanol-fueled engines) do not exceed 0.5 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (0.19 gram per megajoule) NMHC (or NMHCE for methanol-fueled 
engines), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (D) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel HDE 
families in any or all of the emissions ABT programs for HDEs, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.004-15 or superseding applicable 
sections. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any 
of these programs, the NOX plus NMHC (or NOX plus 
NMHCE for methanol-fueled engines) FELs may not exceed 4.5 grams per 
brake horsepower-hour (1.7 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value 
applies whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, 
banking, or trading programs. Additionally, families certified to the 
optional standard contained in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(C) of this section 
shall not exceed 0.50 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.19 gram per 
megajoule) NMHC (or NMHCE for methanol-fueled engines) through the use 
of credits.
    (E) No later than December 31, 1999, the Administrator shall review 
the emissions standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section 
and determine whether these standards continue to be appropriate under 
the Act.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. (A) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, 
natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel HDEs only).
    (iii) Particulate. (A) For diesel engines to be used in urban buses, 
0.05 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.019 gram per megajoule) for 
certification testing and selective enforcement audit testing, and 0.07 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.026 gram per megajoule) for in-use 
testing, as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) For all other diesel engines, 0.10 gram per brake horsepower-
hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel HDE 
families in any or all of the particulate ABT programs for HDEs, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.004-15 or superseding applicable 
sections. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any 
of these programs, the particulate FEL may not exceed 0.25 gram per 
brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule).
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over the operating schedule set forth in 
paragraph (f)(2) of appendix I to this part, and measured and calculated 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart N or P of this 
part, except as noted in Sec. 86.098-23(c)(2) or superceding sections.
    (b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 2004 and later model 
year diesel HDEs shall not exceed:
    (i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.

[[Page 43]]

    (iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set 
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus 
methanol) from heavy-duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel 
engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply 
equally to certification and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also 
applies to newly assembled vehicles.
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
    (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
    (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the 
conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set forth in 
subpart M of this part. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers 
may conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions 
for an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this 
section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using 
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (iv) All fuel vapor generated during in-use operations shall be 
routed exclusively to the evaporative control system (e.g., either 
canister or engine purge). The only exception to this requirement shall 
be for emergencies.
    (4) Evaporative emissions from 2004 and later model year heavy-duty 
vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled HDEs shall not exceed the following standards. The standards 
apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles.
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected 
under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and 
(b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering 
design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which 
is required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 2004 or later model

[[Page 44]]

year methanol-, natural gas-, or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel, 
or any naturally-aspirated diesel HDE. For petroleum-fueled engines 
only, this provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, 
pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section.
    (e) The standards described in this section do not apply to diesel-
fueled medium-duty passenger vehicles (MDPVs) that are subject to 
regulation under subpart S of this part, except as specified in subpart 
S of this part. The standards described in this section also do not 
apply to diesel engines used in such MDPVs, except as specified in the 
regulations in subpart S of this part. The term ``medium-duty passenger 
vehicle'' is defined in Sec. 86.1803.

[62 FR 54721, Oct. 21, 1997, as amended at 65 FR 6848, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.004-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

    (a)(1) Heavy-duty engines eligible for NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, and particulate averaging, trading and banking 
programs are described in the applicable emission standards sections in 
this subpart. All heavy-duty engine families which include any engines 
labeled for use in clean-fuel vehicles as specified in 40 CFR part 88 
are not eligible for these programs. Participation in these programs is 
voluntary.
    (2)(i) Engine families with FELs exceeding the applicable standard 
shall obtain emission credits in a mass amount sufficient to address the 
shortfall. Credits may be obtained from averaging, trading, or banking, 
within the averaging set restrictions described in this section.
    (ii) Engine families with FELs below the applicable standard will 
have emission credits available to average, trade, bank or a combination 
thereof. Credits may not be used for averaging or trading to offset 
emissions that exceed an FEL. Credits may not be used to remedy an in-
use nonconformity determined by a Selective Enforcement Audit or by 
recall testing. However, credits may be used to allow subsequent 
production of engines for the family in question if the manufacturer 
elects to recertify to a higher FEL.
    (iii) Credits scheduled to expire in the earliest model year shall 
be used, prior to using other available credits, to offset emissions of 
engine families with FELs exceeding the applicable standard.
    (b) Participation in the NOX, NOX plus NMHC, 
and/or particulate averaging, trading, and banking programs shall be 
done as follows.
    (1) During certification, the manufacturer shall:
    (i) Declare its intent to include specific engine families in the 
averaging, trading and/or banking programs. Separate declarations are 
required for each program and for each pollutant (i.e., NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, and particulate).
    (ii) Declare an FEL for each engine family participating in one or 
more of these three programs.
    (A) The FEL must be to the same level of significant digits as the 
emission standard (one-tenth of a gram per brake horsepower-hour for 
NOX, NOX plus NMHC, emissions and one-hundredth of 
a gram per brake horsepower-hour for particulate emissions).
    (B) In no case may the FEL exceed the upper limit prescribed in the 
section concerning the applicable heavy-duty engine NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, and particulate emission standards.
    (iii) Calculate the projected emission credits (positive or 
negative) based on quarterly production projections for each 
participating family and for each pollutant, using the applicable 
equation in paragraph (c) of this section and the applicable factors for 
the specific engine family.
    (iv)(A) Determine and state the source of the needed credits 
according to quarterly projected production for engine families 
requiring credits for certification.
    (B) State where the quarterly projected credits will be applied for 
engine families generating credits.

[[Page 45]]

    (C) Credits may be obtained from or applied to only engine families 
within the same averaging set as described in paragraph (d) or (e) of 
this section. Credits available for averaging, trading, or banking as 
defined in Sec. 86.090-2, may be applied exclusively to a given engine 
family, or reserved as defined in Sec. 86.091-2.
    (2) Based on this information each manufacturer's certification 
application must demonstrate:
    (i) That at the end of model year production, each engine family has 
a net emissions credit balance of zero or more using the methodology in 
paragraph (c) of this section with any credits obtained from averaging, 
trading or banking.
    (ii) The source of the credits to be used to comply with the 
emission standard if the FEL exceeds the standard, or where credits will 
be applied if the FEL is less than the emission standard. In cases where 
credits are being obtained, each engine family involved must state 
specifically the source (manufacturer/engine family) of the credits 
being used. In cases where credits are being generated/supplied, each 
engine family involved must state specifically the designated use 
(manufacturer/engine family or reserved) of the credits involved. All 
such reports shall include all credits involved in averaging, trading or 
banking.
    (3) During the model year manufacturers must:
    (i) Monitor projected versus actual production to be certain that 
compliance with the emission standards is achieved at the end of the 
model year.
    (ii) Provide the end-of-model year reports required under 
Sec. 86.001-23.
    (iii) For manufacturers participating in emission credit trading, 
maintain the quarterly records required under Sec. 86.091-7(c)(8).
    (4) Projected credits based on information supplied in the 
certification application may be used to obtain a certificate of 
conformity. However, any such credits may be revoked based on review of 
end-of-model year reports, follow-up audits, and any other compliance 
measures deemed appropriate by the Administrator.
    (5) Compliance under averaging, banking, and trading will be 
determined at the end of the model year. Engine families without an 
adequate amount of NOX, NOX plus NMHC, and/or 
particulate emission credits will violate the conditions of the 
certificate of conformity. The certificates of conformity may be voided 
ab initio for engine families exceeding the emission standard.
    (6) If EPA or the manufacturer determines that a reporting error 
occurred on an end-of-year report previously submitted to EPA under this 
section, the manufacturer's credits and credit calculations will be 
recalculated. Erroneous positive credits will be void. Erroneous 
negative balances may be adjusted by EPA for retroactive use.
    (i) If EPA review of a manufacturer's end-of-year report indicates a 
credit shortfall, the manufacturer will be permitted to purchase the 
necessary credits to bring the credit balance for that engine family to 
zero, using the discount specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section 
on the ratio of credits purchased for every credit needed to bring the 
balance to zero. If sufficient credits are not available to bring the 
credit balance for the family in question to zero, EPA may void the 
certificate for that engine family ab initio.
    (ii) If within 180 days of receipt of the manufacturer's end-of-year 
report, EPA review determines a reporting error in the manufacturer's 
favor (i.e., resulting in a positive credit balance) or if the 
manufacturer discovers such an error within 180 days of EPA receipt of 
the end-of-year report, the credits will be restored for use by the 
manufacturer.
    (c)(1) For each participating engine family, NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, and particulate emission credits (positive or 
negative) are to be calculated according to one of the following 
equations and rounded, in accordance with ASTM E29-93a, to the nearest 
one-tenth of a Megagram (Mg). Consistent units are to be used throughout 
the equation.
    (i) For determining credit need for all engine families and credit 
availability for engine families generating credits for averaging 
programs only:

Emission credits = (Std - FEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  
    (10-6)

    (ii) For determining credit availability for engine families 
generating

[[Page 46]]

credits for trading or banking programs:

Emission credits = (Std - FEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  
    (10-6)  x  (Discount)

    (iii) For purposes of the equations in paragraphs (c)(1) (i) and 
(ii) of this section:

Std = the current and applicable heavy-duty engine NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, or particulate emission standard in grams per 
brake horsepower hour or grams per Megajoule.
FEL = the NOX, NOX plus NMHC, or particulate 
family emission limit for the engine family in grams per brake 
horsepower hour or grams per Megajoule.
CF = a transient cycle conversion factor in BHP-hr/mi or MJ/mi, as given 
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
UL = the useful life described in Sec. 86.004-2, or alternative life as 
described in paragraph (f) of Sec. 86.004-21, for the given engine 
family in miles.
Production = the number of engines produced for U.S. sales within the 
given engine family during the model year. Quarterly production 
projections are used for initial certification. Actual production is 
used for end-of-year compliance determination.
Discount = a one-time discount applied to all credits to be banked or 
traded within the model year generated. Except as otherwise allowed in 
paragraph (k) of this section, the discount applied here is 0.9 for 
diesel-cycle engines. The discount applied here is 0.8 for all Otto-
cycle engines. Banked credits traded in a subsequent model year will not 
be subject to an additional discount. Banked credits used in a 
subsequent model year's averaging program will not have the discount 
restored.

    (2)(i) The transient cycle conversion factor is the total 
(integrated) cycle brake horsepower-hour or Megajoules, divided by the 
equivalent mileage of the applicable transient cycle. For Otto-cycle 
heavy-duty engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.3 miles. For diesel 
heavy-duty engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.5 miles.
    (ii) When more than one configuration is chosen by EPA to be tested 
in the certification of an engine family (as described in Sec. 86.085-
24), the conversion factor used is to be based upon a production 
weighted average value of the configurations in an engine family to 
calculate the conversion factor.
    (d) Averaging sets for NOX and for NOX plus 
NMHC emission credits. The averaging and trading of NOX 
emission credits for Otto-cycle engines and NOX plus NMHC 
emission credits for diesel-cycle engines will only be allowed between 
heavy-duty engine families in the same averaging set. The averaging sets 
for the averaging and trading of NOX and NOX plus 
NMHC emission credits for heavy-duty engines are defined as follows:
    (1) For NOX credits from Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines:
    (i) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading among all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families is 
allowed. There are no subclass restrictions.
    (ii) Gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles certified under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.085-1(b) may not average or trade with gasoline-
fueled heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines, but may average or trade credits 
with light-duty trucks.
    (iii) The averaging and trading of NOX emission credits 
will only be allowed between heavy-duty engine families in the same 
regional category. Otto-cycle engines produced for sale in California 
constitute a separate regional category than engines produced for sale 
in the other 49 states. Banking and trading are not applicable to 
engines sold in California.
    (2) For NOX plus NMHC credits from diesel-cycle heavy-
duty engines:
    (i) Each of the three primary intended service classes for heavy-
duty diesel engines, as defined in Sec. 86.004-2, constitute an 
averaging set. Averaging and trading among all diesel-cycle engine 
families within the same primary service class is allowed.
    (ii) Urban buses are treated as members of the primary intended 
service class where they otherwise would fall.
    (e) Averaging sets for particulate emission credits. The averaging 
and trading of particulate emission credits will only be allowed between 
diesel cycle heavy-duty engine families in the same averaging set. The 
averaging sets for the averaging and trading of particulate emission 
credits for diesel cycle heavy-duty engines are defined as follows:
    (1) Engines intended for use in urban buses constitute a separate 
averaging set from all other heavy-duty engines. Averaging and trading 
between diesel cycle bus engine families is allowed.

[[Page 47]]

    (2) For heavy-duty engines, exclusive of urban bus engines, each of 
the three primary intended service classes for heavy-duty diesel cycle 
engines, as defined in Sec. 86.004-2, constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading between diesel-cycle engine families within the 
same primary service class is allowed.
    (3) Otto cycle engines may not participate in particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking.
    (f) Banking of NOX, NOX plus NMHC, and 
particulate emission credits. (1) Credit deposits. (i) NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, and particulate emission credits may be banked 
from engine families produced in any model year.
    (ii) Manufacturers may bank credits only after the end of the model 
year and after actual credits have been reported to EPA in the end-of-
year report. During the model year and before submittal of the end-of-
year report, credits originally designated in the certification process 
for banking will be considered reserved and may be redesignated for 
trading or averaging.
    (2) Credit withdrawals. (i) After being generated, banked 
NOX credits shall be available for use within three model 
years following the model year in which they were generated. 
NOX credits from Otto-cycle HDE families not used within the 
period specified above shall be forfeited. NOX plus NMHC and 
particulate credits from diesel-cycle HDE families do not expire.
    (ii) Manufacturers withdrawing banked NOX, NOX 
plus NMHC, and/or particulate credits shall indicate so during 
certification and in their credit reports, as described in Sec. 86.091-
23.
    (3) Use of banked emission credits. The use of banked credits shall 
be within the averaging set and other restrictions described in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, and only for the following 
purposes:
    (i) Banked credits may be used in averaging, or in trading, or in 
any combination thereof, during the certification period. Credits 
declared for banking from the previous model year but not reported to 
EPA may also be used. However, if EPA finds that the reported credits 
can not be proven, they will be revoked and unavailable for use.
    (ii) Banked credits may not be used for NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, or particulate averaging and trading to offset 
emissions that exceed an FEL. Banked credits may not be used to remedy 
an in-use nonconformity determined by a Selective Enforcement Audit or 
by recall testing. However, banked credits may be used for subsequent 
production of the engine family if the manufacturer elects to recertify 
to a higher FEL.
    (iii) Banked NOX credits from 2003 and prior may be used 
in place of NOX plus NMHC credits after 2003 provided that 
they are used in the correct averaging set and the NOX 
credits have not expired.
    (g)(1) For the purposes of paragraph (g) of this section, the 
following paragraphs assume NOX, NOX plus NMHC, 
and particulate nonconformance penalties (NCPs) will be available for 
the 2004 and later model year HDEs.
    (2) Engine families using NOX, NOX plus NMHC, 
and/or particulate NCPs but not involved in averaging:
    (i) May not generate NOX, NOX plus NMHC, or 
particulate credits for banking and trading.
    (ii) May not use NOX, NOX plus NMHC, or 
particulate credits from banking and trading.
    (3) If a manufacturer has any engine family to which application of 
NCPs and banking and trading credits is desired, that family must be 
separated into two distinct families. One family, whose FEL equals the 
standard, must use NCPs only while the other, whose FEL does not equal 
the standard, must use credits only.
    (4) If a manufacturer has any engine family in a given averaging set 
which is using NOX, NOX plus NMHC, and/or 
particulate NCPs, none of that manufacturer's engine families in that 
averaging set may generate credits for banking and trading.
    (h) In the event of a negative credit balance in a trading 
situation, both the buyer and the seller would be liable.
    (i) Certification fuel used for credit generation must be of a type 
that is both available in use and expected to be used by the engine 
purchaser. Therefore, upon request by the Administrator, the engine 
manufacturer must provide information acceptable to the

[[Page 48]]

Administrator that the designated fuel is readily available commercially 
and would be used in customer service.
    (j) Credit apportionment. At the manufacturers option, credits 
generated from diesel-cycle heavy-duty engines under the provisions 
described in this section may be sold to or otherwise provided to the 
another party for use in programs other than the averaging, trading and 
banking program described in this section.
    (1) The manufacturer shall pre-identify two emission levels per 
engine family for the purposes of credit apportionment. One emission 
level shall be the FEL and the other shall be the level of the standard 
that the engine family is required to certify to under Sec. 86.004-11. 
For each engine family, the manufacturer may report engine sales in two 
categories, ``ABT-only credits'' and ``nonmanufacturer-owned credits''.
    (i) For engine sales reported as ``ABT-only credits'', the credits 
generated must be used solely in the ABT program described in this 
section.
    (ii) The engine manufacturer may declare a portion of engine sales 
``nonmanufacturer-owned credits'' and this portion of the credits 
generated between the standard and the FEL, based on the calculation in 
(c)(1) of this section, would belong to the engine purchaser. For ABT, 
the manufacturer may not generate any credits for the engine sales 
reported as ``nonmanufacturer-owned credits''. Engines reported as 
``nonmanufacturer-owned credits'' shall comply with the FEL and the 
requirements of the ABT program in all other respects.
    (2) Only manufacturer-owned credits reported as ``ABT-only credits'' 
shall be used in the averaging, trading, and banking provisions 
described in this section.
    (3) Credits shall not be double-counted. Credits used in the ABT 
program may not be provided to an engine purchaser for use in another 
program.
    (4) Manufacturers shall determine and state the number of engines 
sold as ``ABT-only credits'' and ``nonmanufacturer-owned credits'' in 
the end-of-model year reports required under Sec. 86.001-23.
    (k) Additional Flexibility. If a diesel-cycle engine family meets 
the conditions of either paragraph (k)(1) or (2) of this section, a 
Discount of 1.0 may be used in the trading and banking calculation, for 
both NOX plus NMHC and for particulate, described in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (1) The engine family certifies with a certification level of 1.9 g/
bhp-hr NOX plus NMHC or lower for all diesel-cycle engine 
families.
    (2) All of the following must apply to the engine family:
    (i) Diesel-cycle engines only;
    (ii) 2004, 2005, and 2006 model years only;
    (iii) Must be an engine family using carry-over certification data 
from prior to model year 2004 where the NOX plus the HC 
certification level prior to model year 2004 is below the NOX 
plus NMHC or NOX plus NMHCE standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.004-11. Under this option, the NOX credits generated 
from this engine family prior to model year 2004 may be used as 
NOX plus NMHC credits.

[62 FR 54722, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.004-21  Application for certification.

    Section 86.004-21 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-21 or Sec. 86.096-21. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-21 or Sec. 86.096-21 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.004-21, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
21.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-21.''.
    (a) through (b)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(4)(i) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a 
description of the test procedures to be used to establish the 
evaporative emission and/or refueling emission deterioration factors, as 
appropriate, required to be determined and supplied in Sec. 86.001-
23(b)(2).
    (b)(4)(ii) through (b)(5)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(5)(v) For light-duty vehicles and applicable light-duty trucks 
with non-integrated refueling emission control systems, the number of 
continuous UDDS cycles, determined from the fuel economy on the UDDS 
applicable to

[[Page 49]]

the test vehicle of that evaporative/ refueling emission family-emission 
control system combination, required to use a volume of fuel equal to 
85% of fuel tank volume.
    (6) Participation in averaging programs--(i) Particulate averaging. 
(A) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the particulate 
averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and/or diesel light-
duty trucks or the particulate averaging program for heavy-duty diesel 
engines, the application must list the family particulate emission limit 
and the projected U.S. production volume of the family for the model 
year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family 
particulate emission limits, accurate to hundredth of a gram per mile or 
hundredth of a gram per brake horsepowerhour for HDEs.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family particulate emission limit(s) by 
submitting the new limit(s) to the Administrator and by demonstrating 
compliance with the limit(s) as described in Secs. 86.090-2 and 86.094-
28(b)(5)(i).
    (ii) NOX and NOX plus NMHC averaging. (A) If 
the manufacturer elects to participate in the NOX averaging 
program for light-duty trucks or otto-cycle HDEs or the NOX 
plus NMHC averaging program for diesel-cycle HDEs, the application must 
list the family emission limit and the projected U.S. production volume 
of the family for the model year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family emission 
limits, accurate to one-tenth of a gram per mile or to one-tenth of a 
gram per brake horsepower-hour for HDEs.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family emission limit(s) by submitting the new 
limits to the Administrator and by demonstrating compliance with the 
limit(s) as described in Secs. 86.088-2 and 86.094-28(b)(5)(ii).
    (b)(7) and (b)(8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(9) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, evaporative/
refueling emission family or heavy-duty vehicle evaporative emission 
family, a description of any unique procedures required to perform 
evaporative and/or refueling emission tests, as applicable, (including 
canister working capacity, canister bed volume, and fuel temperature 
profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative 
and/or evaporative/refueling emission family, and a description of the 
method used to develop those unique procedures.
    (10) For each light-duty vehicle or applicable light-duty truck 
evaporative/refueling emission family, or each heavy-duty vehicle 
evaporative emission family:
    (i) Canister working capacity, according to the procedures specified 
in Sec. 86.132-96(h)(1)(iv);
    (ii) Canister bed volume; and
    (iii) Fuel temperature profile for the running loss test, according 
to the procedures specified in Sec. 86.129-94(d).
    (c) through (j) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (k) and (l) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-21.

[62 FR 54724, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.004-25  Maintenance.

    Section 86.004-25 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-25 or Sec. 86.098-25. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-25 or Sec. 86.098-25 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.004-25, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
25.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-25.''.
    (a)(1) Applicability. This section applies to light-duty vehicles, 
light-duty trucks, and HDEs.
    (2) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components used to determine exhaust, evaporative or refueling emission 
deterioration factors, as appropriate, is classified as either emission-
related or non-emission-related and each of these can be classified as 
either scheduled or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related 
maintenance is also classified as critical emission-related maintenance.
    (b) Introductory text through (b)(3)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.094-25.

[[Page 50]]

    (b)(3)(iii) For otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, 
cleaning, repair, or replacement of the items listed in paragraphs 
(b)(3)(iii) (A) through (E) of this section shall occur at 50,000 miles 
(or 1,500 hours) of use and at 50,000-mile (or 1,500-hour) intervals 
thereafter.
    (A) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (B) Emission-related hoses and tubes.
    (C) Ignition wires.
    (D) Idle mixture.
    (E) Exhaust gas recirculation system related filters and coolers.
    (iv) For otto-cycle light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and otto-
cycle heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, cleaning, repair, or 
replacement of the oxygen sensor shall occur at 80,000 miles (or 2,400 
hours) of use and at 80,000-mile (or 2,400-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (v) For otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, cleaning, 
repair, or replacement of the items listed in paragraphs (b)(3)(v) (A) 
through (H) of this section shall occur at 100,000 miles (or 3,000 
hours) of use and at 100,000-mile (or 3,000-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Fuel injectors.
    (D) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(except oxygen sensor) and actuators.
    (E) Evaporative emission canister.
    (F) Turbochargers.
    (G) Carburetors.
    (H) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related control 
valves and tubing) except as otherwise provided in paragraph 
(b)(3)(iii)(E) of this section.
    (b)(3)(vi)(A) through (b)(3)(vi)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-25.
    (b)(3)(vi)(E) through (b)(3)(vi)(J) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-25.
    (4) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and 
HDEs, emission-related maintenance in addition to or at shorter 
intervals than that listed in paragraphs (b)(4) (i) through (iv) of this 
section will not be accepted as technologically necessary, except as 
provided in paragraph (b)(7) of this section.
    (i) For diesel-cycle heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, cleaning, 
repair, or replacement of the items listed in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) (A) 
through (C) of this section shall occur at 50,000 miles (or 1,500 hours) 
of use and at 50,000-mile (or 1,500-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (A) Exhaust gas recirculation system related filters and coolers.
    (B) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (C) Fuel injector tips (cleaning only).
    (ii) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the 
adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of the positive crankcase 
ventilation valve shall occur at 50,000 miles of use and at 50,000-mile 
intervals thereafter.
    (iii) The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of items 
listed in paragraphs (b)(4)(iii) (A) through (G) of this section shall 
occur at 100,000 miles (or 3,000 hours) of use and at 100,000-mile (or 
3,000-hour) intervals thereafter for light heavy-duty diesel engines, 
or, at 150,000 miles (or 4,500 hours) intervals thereafter for medium 
and heavy heavy-duty diesel engines.
    (A) Fuel injectors.
    (B) Turbocharger.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors and 
actuators.
    (D) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system (including related 
components).
    (E) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related control 
valves and tubing) except as otherwise provided in paragraph 
(b)(4)(i)(A) of this section.
    (F) Catalytic converter.
    (G) Any other add-on emissions-related component (i.e., a component 
whose sole or primary purpose is to reduce emissions or whose failure 
will significantly degrade emissions control and whose function is not 
integral to the design and performance of the engine.)
    (iv) For disel-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the 
adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement shall occur at 100,000 
miles of use and at 100,000-mile intervals thereafter of the items 
listed in paragraphs (b)(4)(iv) (A) through (G) of this section.
    (A) Fuel injectors.
    (B) Turbocharger.

[[Page 51]]

    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors and 
actuators.
    (D) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system (including related 
components).
    (E) Exhaust gas recirculation system including all related filters 
and control valves.
    (F) Catalytic converter.
    (G) Superchargers.
    (5) [Reserved]
    (6)(i) The components listed in paragraphs (b)(6)(i) (A) through (H) 
of this section are currently defined as critical emission-related 
components.
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(including oxygen sensor if installed) and actuators.
    (D) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related filters, 
coolers, control valves, and tubing).
    (E) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (F) Evaporative and refueling emission control system components 
(excluding canister air filter).
    (G) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system.
    (H) Any other add-on emissions-related component (i.e., a component 
whose sole or primary purpose is to reduce emissions or whose failure 
will significantly degrade emissions control and whose function is not 
integral to the design and performance of the engine.)
    (ii) All critical emission-related scheduled maintenance must have a 
reasonable likelihood of being performed in-use. The manufacturer shall 
be required to show the reasonable likelihood of such maintenance being 
performed in-use, and such showing shall be made prior to the 
performance of the maintenance on the durability data vehicle. Critical 
emission-related scheduled maintenance items which satisfy one of the 
conditions defined in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii) (A) through (F) of this 
section will be accepted as having a reasonable likelihood of the 
maintenance item being performed in-use.
    (A) Data are presented which establish for the Administrator a 
connection between emissions and vehicle performance such that as 
emissions increase due to lack of maintenance, vehicle performance will 
simultaneously deteriorate to a point unacceptable for typical driving.
    (B) Survey data are submitted which adequately demonstrate to the 
Administrator that, at an 80 percent confidence level, 80 percent of 
such engines already have this critical maintenance item performed in-
use at the recommended interval(s).
    (C) A clearly displayed visible signal system approved by the 
Administrator is installed to alert the vehicle driver that maintenance 
is due. A signal bearing the message ``maintenance needed'' or ``check 
engine'', or a similar message approved by the Administrator, shall be 
actuated at the appropriate mileage point or by component failure. This 
signal must be continuous while the engine is in operation and not be 
easily eliminated without performance of the required maintenance. 
Resetting the signal shall be a required step in the maintenance 
operation. The method for resetting the signal system shall be approved 
by the Administrator. For HDEs, the system must not be designed to 
deactivate upon the end of the useful life of the engine or thereafter.
    (D) A manufacturer may desire to demonstrate through a survey that a 
critical maintenance item is likely to be performed without a visible 
signal on a maintenance item for which there is no prior in-use 
experience without the signal. To that end, the manufacturer may in a 
given model year market up to 200 randomly selected vehicles per 
critical emission-related maintenance item without such visible signals, 
and monitor the performance of the critical maintenance item by the 
owners to show compliance with paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(B) of this section. 
This option is restricted to two consecutive model years and may not be 
repeated until any previous survey has been completed. If the critical 
maintenance involves more than one engine family, the sample will be 
sales weighted to ensure that it is representative of all the families 
in question.
    (E) The manufacturer provides the maintenance free of charge, and 
clearly informs the customer that the maintenance is free in the 
instructions provided under Sec. 86.087-38.

[[Page 52]]

    (F) Any other method which the Administrator approves as 
establishing a reasonable likelihood that the critical maintenance will 
be performed in-use.
    (iii) Visible signal systems used under paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(C) of 
this section are considered an element of design of the emission control 
system. Therefore, disabling, resetting, or otherwise rendering such 
signals inoperative without also performing the indicated maintenance 
procedure is a prohibited act under section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)).
    (b)(7) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-25.

[62 FR 54725, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.004-28  Compliance with emission standards.

    Section 86.004-28 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-28, Sec. 86.098-28, Sec. 86.000-28 or 
Sec. 86.001-28. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-28, Sec. 86.098-28, 
Sec. 86.000-28 or Sec. 86.001-28 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.004-28, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
28.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.'' or ``[Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.001-28.''
    (a)(1) through (a)(2) [Reserved. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-
28.
    (a)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(A) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(i) [Reserved. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(iii) through (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(iv) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(C) through (a)(4)(i)(D)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(4)(ii)(A)(1) through (a)(4)(ii)(A)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(ii)(B) through (a)(4)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(4)(iii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(4)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(v) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-28.
    (a)(5) through (a)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(7) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-
28.
    (a)(7)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-28.
    (a)(7)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (b)(1) This paragraph (b) applies to light-duty trucks.
    (2) Each exhaust, evaporative and refueling emission standard (and 
family emission limits, as appropriate) of Sec. 86.004-9 applies to the 
emissions of vehicles for the appropriate useful life as defined in 
Secs. 86.098-2 and 86.004-9.
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
28.
    (b)(4)(ii) through (b)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.000-
28.
    (b)(7)(i) through (b)(9) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.001-
28.
    (c)(1) Paragraph (c) of this section applies to heavy-duty engines.
    (2) The applicable exhaust emission standards (or family emission 
limits, as appropriate) for Otto-cycle engines and for diesel-cycle 
engines apply to the emissions of engines for their useful life.
    (3) Since emission control efficiency generally decreases with the 
accumulation of service on the engine, deterioration factors will be 
used in combination with emission data engine test results as the basis 
for determining compliance with the standards.
    (4)(i) Paragraph (c)(4) of this section describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of an engine with emission standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate), based on deterioration factors 
supplied by the manufacturer. Deterioration factors shall be established 
using applicable emissions test procedures. NOX plus NMHC 
deterioration factors shall be established based on the sum of the 
pollutants. When establishing deterioration factors for NOX 
plus NMHC, a negative deterioration (emissions decrease from the 
official exhaust emissions test result) for one pollutant may not offset 
deterioration of the other pollutant. Where negative deterioration 
occurs for NOX and/or NMHC, the official exhaust emission 
test result shall be used

[[Page 53]]

for purposes of determining the NOX plus NMHC deterioration 
factor.
    (ii) Separate exhaust emission deterioration factors, determined 
from tests of engines, subsystems, or components conducted by the 
manufacturer, shall be supplied for each engine-system combination. For 
Otto-cycle engines, separate factors shall be established for transient 
NMHC (NMHCE), CO, NOX, NOX plus NMHC, and idle CO, 
for those engines utilizing aftertreatment technology (e.g., catalytic 
converters). For diesel-cycle engines, separate factors shall be 
established for transient NMHC (NMHCE), CO, NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC and exhaust particulate. For diesel-cycle smoke 
testing, separate factors shall also be established for the acceleration 
mode (designated as ``A''), the lugging mode (designated as ``B''), and 
peak opacity (designated as ``C'').
    (iii)(A) Paragraphs (c)(4)(iii)(A) (1) and (2) of this section apply 
to Otto-cycle HDEs.
    (1) Otto-cycle HDEs not utilizing aftertreatment technology (e.g., 
catalytic converters). For transient NMHC (NMHCE), CO, NOX, 
the official exhaust emission results for each emission data engine at 
the selected test point shall be adjusted by the addition of the 
appropriate deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor 
supplied by the manufacturer is less than zero, it shall be zero for the 
purposes of this paragraph.
    (2) Otto-cycle HDEs utilizing aftertreatment technology (e.g., 
catalytic converters). For transient NMHC (NMHCE), CO, NOX, 
and for idle CO, the official exhaust emission results for each emission 
data engine at the selected test point shall be adjusted by 
multiplication by the appropriate deterioration factor. However, if the 
deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is less than one, it 
shall be one for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (B) Paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B) of this section applies to diesel-cycle 
HDEs.
    (1) Diesel-cycle HDEs not utilizing aftertreatment technology (e.g., 
particulate traps). For transient NMHC (NMHCE), CO, NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, and exhaust particulate, the official exhaust 
emission results for each emission data engine at the selected test 
point shall be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration 
factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the 
manufacturer is less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (2) Diesel-cycle HDEs utilizing aftertreatment technology (e.g., 
particulate traps). For transient NMHC (NMHCE), CO, NOX, 
NOX plus NMHC, and exhaust particulate, the official exhaust 
emission results for each emission data engine at the selected test 
point shall be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (3) Diesel-cycle HDEs only. For acceleration smoke (``A''), lugging 
smoke (``B''), and peak smoke (``C''), the official exhaust emission 
results for each emission data engine at the selected test point shall 
be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor. 
However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is 
less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (iv) The emission values to compare with the standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted emission values 
of paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section, rounded to the same number of 
significant figures as contained in the applicable standard in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-93a (as referenced in Sec. 86.094-28 
(a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii)), for each emission data engine.
    (5) and (6) [Reserved]
    (7) Every test engine of an engine family must comply with all 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate), as 
determined in paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this section, before any engine in 
that family will be certified.
    (8) For the purposes of setting an NMHC plus NOx 
certification level or FEL for a diesel-fueled engine family, the 
manufacturer may use one of the following options for the determination 
of NMHC for an engine family. The manufacturer must declare which option 
is used in its application for certification of that engine family.
    (i) THC may be used in lieu of NMHC for the standards set forth in 
Sec. 86.004-11.

[[Page 54]]

    (ii) The manufacturer may choose its own method to analyze methane 
with prior approval of the Administrator.
    (iii) The manufacturer may assume that two percent of the measured 
THC is methane (NMHC =0.98  x  THC).
    (d)(1) Paragraph (d) of this section applies to heavy-duty vehicles 
equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled engines.
    (2) The applicable evaporative emission standards in this subpart 
apply to the emissions of vehicles for their useful life.
    (3)(i) For vehicles with a GVWR of up to 26,000 pounds, because it 
is expected that emission control efficiency will change during the 
useful life of the vehicle, an evaporative emission deterioration factor 
shall be determined from the testing described in Sec. 86.098-23(b)(3) 
for each evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination to indicate the evaporative emission control system 
deterioration during the useful life of the vehicle (minimum 50,000 
miles). The factor shall be established to a minimum of two places to 
the right of the decimal.
    (ii) For vehicles with a GVWR of greater than 26,000 pounds, because 
it is expected that emission control efficiency will change during the 
useful life of the vehicle, each manufacturer's statement as required in 
Sec. 86.098-23(b)(4)(ii) shall include, in accordance with good 
engineering practice, consideration of control system deterioration.
    (4) The evaporative emission test results, if any, shall be adjusted 
by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor, provided that 
if the deterioration factor as computed in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section is less than zero, that deterioration factor shall be zero for 
the purposes of this paragraph.
    (5) The emission level to compare with the standard shall be the 
adjusted emission level of paragraph (d)(4) of this section. Before any 
emission value is compared with the standard, it shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-93a (as referenced in Sec. 86.094-28 
(a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii)), to two significant figures. The rounded emission 
values may not exceed the standard.
    (6) Every test vehicle of an evaporative emission family must comply 
with the evaporative emission standard, as determined in paragraph 
(d)(5) of this section, before any vehicle in that family may be 
certified.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) through (g)(3) through [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.001-
28.
    (g)(4) Vehicles certified to the refueling emission standard under 
this provision shall not be counted in the sales percentage compliance 
determinations for the 2004, 2005 and subsequent model years.
    (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.001-28.

[61 FR 54890, Oct. 22, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 54726, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.004-30  Certification.

    Section 86.004-30 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Secs. 86.094-30, 86.095-30, 86.096-30, 86.098-30 or 86.001-
30. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-30, Sec. 86.095-30, Sec. 86.096-30, 
Sec. 86.098-30 or Sec. 86.001-30 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.004-30, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.001-30.''.
    (a)(1) and (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(3)(i) One such certificate will be issued for each engine 
family. For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks, and petroleum-fueled diesel cycle light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks not certified under Sec. 86.098-28(g), one such 
certificate will be issued for each engine family-evaporative/refueling 
emission family combination. Each certificate will certify compliance 
with no more than one set of in-use and certification standards (or 
family emission limits, as appropriate).
    (ii) For gasoline-fueled and methanol fueled heavy-duty vehicles, 
one such certificate will be issued for each manufacturer and will 
certify compliance for those vehicles previously identified in that 
manufacturer's statement(s) of

[[Page 55]]

compliance as required in Sec. 86.098-23(b)(4) (i) and (ii).
    (iii) For diesel light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, or 
diesel HDEs, included in the applicable particulate averaging program, 
the manufacturer may at any time during production elect to change the 
level of any family particulate emission limit by demonstrating 
compliance with the new limit as described in Sec. 86.094-28(a)(6), 
Sec. 86.094-28(b)(5)(i), or Sec. 86.004-28(c)(5)(i). New certificates 
issued under this paragraph will be applicable only for vehicles (or 
engines) produced subsequent to the date of issuance.
    (iv) For light-duty trucks or HDEs included in the applicable 
NOX averaging program, the manufacturer may at any time 
during production elect to change the level of any family NOX 
emission limit by demonstrating compliance with the new limit as 
described in Sec. 86.094-28(b)(5)(ii) or Sec. 86.004-28(c)(5)(ii). New 
certificates issued under this paragraph will be applicable only for 
vehicles (or engines) produced subsequent to the day of issue.
    (4)(i) For exempt light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks under 
the provisions of Sec. 86.094-8(j) or Sec. 86.094-9(j), an adjustment or 
modification performed in accordance with instructions provided by the 
manufacturer for the altitude where the vehicle is principally used will 
not be considered a violation of section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)).
    (ii) A violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)) occurs when a manufacturer sells or delivers to an 
ultimate purchaser any light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck, subject 
to the regulations under the Act, under any of the conditions specified 
in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section.
    (A) When a light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck is exempted from 
meeting high-altitude requirements as provided in Sec. 86.090-8(h) or 
Sec. 86.094-9(h):
    (1) At a designated high-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated high-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
high-altitude location.
    (B) When a light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck is exempted from 
meeting low-altitude requirements as provided in Sec. 86.094-8(i) or 
Sec. 86.094-9(i):
    (1) At a designated low-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated low-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated low-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
low-altitude location.
    (a)(4)(iii) introductory text through (a)(4)(iii)(C) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(4)(iv) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (a)(9) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (10)(i) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicle and diesel-cycle light-
duty truck families which are included in a particulate averaging 
program, the manufacturer's production-weighted average of the 
particulate emission limits of all engine families in a participating 
class or classes shall not exceed the applicable diesel-cycle 
particulate standard, or the composite particulate standard defined in 
Sec. 86.090-2 as appropriate, at the end of the model year, as 
determined in accordance with this part. The certificate shall be void 
ab initio for those vehicles causing the production-weighted FEL to 
exceed the particulate standard.
    (ii) For all heavy-duty diesel-cycle engines which are included in 
the particulate ABT programs under Sec. 86.098-15 or superseding ABT 
sections as applicable, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(10)(ii) (A) 
through (C) of this section apply.
    (A) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with the provisions of Sec. 86.098-15 or superseding ABT 
sections as applicable and the ABT related provisions of

[[Page 56]]

other applicable sections, both during and after the model year 
production.
    (B) Failure to comply with all provisions of Sec. 86.098-15 or 
superseding ABT sections as applicable will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate was issued, 
and the certificate may be deemed void ab initio.
    (C) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied or excused.
    (11)(i) For light-duty truck families which are included in a 
NOX averaging program, the manufacturer's production-weighted 
average of the NOX emission limits of all such engine 
families shall not exceed the applicable NOX emission 
standard, or the composite NOX emission standard defined in 
Sec. 86.088-2, as appropriate, at the end of the model year, as 
determined in accordance with this part. The certificate shall be void 
ab initio for those vehicles causing the production-weighted FEL to 
exceed the NOX standard.
    (ii) For all HDEs which are included in the NOX plus NMHC 
ABT programs contained in Sec. 86.098-15, or superseding ABT sections as 
applicable, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(11)(ii) (A) through (C) of 
this section apply.
    (A) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with the provisions of Sec. 86.098-15 or superseding ABT 
sections as applicable and the ABT related provisions of other 
applicable sections, both during and after the model year production.
    (B) Failure to comply with all provisions of Sec. 86.098-15 or 
superseding ABT sections as applicable will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate was issued, 
and the certificate may be deemed void ab initio.
    (C) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied or excused.
    (a)(12) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(13) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(14) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a) (15) through (18) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-30.
    (a)(19) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (a)(20) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.001-30.
    (a)(21) For all light-duty trucks certified to refueling emission 
standards under Sec. 86.004-9, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(21) (i) 
through (iii) of this section apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Sec. 86.004-9 both during and after 
model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Sec. 86.004-9 will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) was 
issued and the individual vehicles sold in violation of the 
implementation schedule shall not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (b)(1) introductory text through (b)(1)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(1)(ii)(B) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under 
Sec. 86.001-24(b)(vii) (A) and (B) shall represent all vehicles of the 
same evaporative/refueling control system within the evaporative/
refueling family.
    (b)(1)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(1)(ii)(D) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected under 
Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1)(viii) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
evaporative/refueling control system within the evaporative/refueling 
emission family, as applicable.
    (b)(1)(iii) and (b)(1)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (b)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (b)(4)(ii) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(4)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(4)(ii)(B) through (b)(4)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-30.

[[Page 57]]

    (b)(5) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (f) introductory text through (f)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (f)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.

[59 FR 16287, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 54727, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.004-38  Maintenance instructions.

    Section 86.004-38 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-38. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-38 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.004-38 this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-38.''.
    (a) The manufacturer shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the 
purchaser of each new motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) subject to 
the standards prescribed in Sec. 86.099-8, Sec. 86.004-9, Sec. 86.004-
10, or Sec. 86.004-11, as applicable, written instructions for the 
proper maintenance and use of the vehicle (or engine), by the purchaser 
consistent with the provisions of Sec. 86.004-25, which establishes what 
scheduled maintenance the Administrator approves as being reasonable and 
necessary.
    (1) The maintenance instructions required by this section shall be 
in clear, and to the extent practicable, nontechnical language.
    (2) The maintenance instructions required by this section shall 
contain a general description of the documentation which the 
manufacturer will require from the ultimate purchaser or any subsequent 
purchaser as evidence of compliance with the instructions.
    (b) Instructions provided to purchasers under paragraph (a) of this 
section shall specify the performance of all scheduled maintenance 
performed by the manufacturer on certification durability vehicles and, 
in cases where the manufacturer performs less maintenance on 
certification durability vehicles than the allowed limit, may specify 
the performance of any scheduled maintenance allowed under Sec. 86.004-
25.
    (c) Scheduled emission-related maintenance in addition to that 
performed under Sec. 86.004-25(b) may only be recommended to offset the 
effects of abnormal in-use operating conditions, except as provided in 
paragraph (d) of this section. The manufacturer shall be required to 
demonstrate, subject to the approval of the Administrator, that such 
maintenance is reasonable and technologically necessary to assure the 
proper functioning of the emission control system. Such additional 
recommended maintenance shall be clearly differentiated, in a form 
approved by the Administrator, from that approved under Sec. 86.004-
25(b).
    (d) Inspections of emission-related parts or systems with 
instructions to replace, repair, clean, or adjust the parts or systems 
if necessary, are not considered to be items of scheduled maintenance 
which insure the proper functioning of the emission control system. Such 
inspections, and any recommended maintenance beyond that approved by the 
Administrator as reasonable and necessary under paragraphs (a), (b), and 
(c) of this section, may be included in the written instructions 
furnished to vehicle owners under paragraph (a) of this section: 
Provided, That such instructions clearly state, in a form approved by 
the Administrator, that the owner need not perform such inspections or 
recommended maintenance in order to maintain the emissions defect and 
emissions performance warranty or manufacturer recall liability.
    (e) The manufacturer may choose to include in such instructions an 
explanation of any distinction between the useful life specified on the 
label, and the emissions defect and emissions performance warranty 
period. The explanation must clearly state that the useful life period 
specified on the label represents the average period of use up to 
retirement or rebuild for the engine family represented by the engine 
used in the vehicle. An explanation of how the actual useful lives of 
engines used in various applications are expected to differ from the 
average useful life may be included. The explanation(s) shall be in 
clear, non-technical language that is understandable to the ultimate 
purchaser.
    (f) If approved by the Administrator, the instructions provided to 
purchasers under paragraph (a) of this section shall indicate what 
adjustments or modifications, if any, are necessary to

[[Page 58]]

allow the vehicle to meet applicable emission standards at elevations 
above 4,000 feet, or at elevations of 4,000 feet or less.
    (g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-38.
    (h) The manufacturer shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the 
purchaser of each new motor engine subject to the standards prescribed 
in Sec. 86.004-10 or Sec. 86.004-11, as applicable, the following:
    (1) Instructions for all maintenance needed after the end of the 
useful life of the engine for critical emissions-related components as 
provided in Sec. 86.004-25(b), including recommended practices for 
diagnosis, cleaning, adjustment, repair, and replacement of the 
component (or a statement that such component is maintenance free for 
the life of the engine) and instructions for accessing and responding to 
any emissions-related diagnostic codes that may be stored in on-board 
monitoring systems;
    (2) A copy of the engine rebuild provisions contained in 
Sec. 86.004-40.

[62 FR 54728, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.004-40  Heavy-duty engine rebuilding practices.

    The provisions of this section are applicable to engines subject to 
the standards prescribed in Sec. 86.004-10 or Sec. 86.004-11 and are 
applicable to the process of engine rebuilding (or rebuilding a portion 
of an engine or engine system). The process of engine rebuilding 
generally includes disassembly, replacement of multiple parts due to 
wear, and reassembly, and also may include the removal of the engine 
from the vehicle and other acts associated with rebuilding an engine. 
Any deviation from the provisions contained in this section is a 
prohibited act under section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7522(a)(3)).
    (a) When rebuilding an engine, portions of an engine, or an engine 
system, there must be a reasonable technical basis for knowing that the 
resultant engine is equivalent, from an emissions standpoint, to a 
certified configuration (i.e., tolerances, calibrations, specifications) 
and the model year(s) of the resulting engine configuration must be 
identified. A reasonable basis would exist if:
    (1) Parts installed, whether the parts are new, used, or rebuilt, 
are such that a person familiar with the design and function of motor 
vehicle engines would reasonably believe that the parts perform the same 
function with respect to emissions control as the original parts; and
    (2) Any parameter adjustment or design element change is made only:
    (i) In accordance with the original engine manufacturer's 
instructions; or
    (ii) Where data or other reasonable technical basis exists that such 
parameter adjustment or design element change, when performed on the 
engine or similar engines, is not expected to adversely affect in-use 
emissions.
    (b) When an engine is being rebuilt and remains installed or is 
reinstalled in the same vehicle, it must be rebuilt to a configuration 
of the same or later model year as the original engine. When an engine 
is being replaced, the replacement engine must be an engine of (or 
rebuilt to) a configuration of the same or later model year as the 
original engine.
    (c) At time of rebuild, emissions-related codes or signals from on-
board monitoring systems may not be erased or reset without diagnosing 
and responding appropriately to the diagnostic codes, regardless of 
whether the systems are installed to satisfy requirements in 
Sec. 86.004-25 or for other reasons and regardless of form or interface. 
Diagnostic systems must be free of all such codes when the rebuilt 
engine is returned to service. Such signals may not be rendered 
inoperative during the rebuilding process.
    (d) When conducting a rebuild without removing the engine from the 
vehicle, or during the installation of a rebuilt engine, all critical 
emissions-related components listed in Sec. 86.004-25(b) not otherwise 
addressed by paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section must be checked 
and cleaned, adjusted, repaired, or replaced as necessary, following 
manufacturer recommended practices.
    (e) Records shall be kept by parties conducting activities included 
in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section. The records shall include 
at minimum

[[Page 59]]

the mileage and/or hours at time of rebuild, a listing of work performed 
on the engine and emissions-related control components including a 
listing of parts and components used, engine parameter adjustments, 
emissions-related codes or signals responded to and reset, and work 
performed under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (1) Parties may keep records in whatever format or system they 
choose as long as the records are understandable to an EPA enforcement 
officer or can be otherwise provided to an EPA enforcement officer in an 
understandable format when requested.
    (2) Parties are not required to keep records of information that is 
not reasonably available through normal business practices including 
information on activities not conducted by themselves or information 
that they cannot reasonably access.
    (3) Parties may keep records of their rebuilding practices for an 
engine family rather than on each individual engine rebuilt in cases 
where those rebuild practices are followed routinely.
    (4) Records must be kept for a minimum of two years after the engine 
is rebuilt.

[62 FR 54729, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.078-3  Abbreviations.

    (a) The abbreviations in this section apply to this subpart and also 
to subparts B, D, H, I, J, N, O and P of this part and have the 
following meanings:

accel.--acceleration.
AECD--Auxiliary emission control device.
API--American Petroleum Institute.
ASTM--American Society for Testing and Materials.
BHP--Brake horsepower.
BSCO--Brake specific carbon monoxide.
BSHC--Brake specific hydrocarbons.
BSNOX--Brake specific oxides of nitrogen.
C--Celsius.
cfh--cubic feet per hour.
CFV--Critical flow venturi.
CFV-CVS--Critical flow venturi--constant volume sampler.
CL--Chemiluminescence.
CO2--carbon dioxide.
CO--Carbon monoxide.
conc.--concentration.
cfm--cubic feet per minute.
CT--Closed throttle.
cu. in.--cubic inch(es).
CVS--Constant volume sampler.
decel.--deceleration.
EP--End point.
evap.--evaporative.
F--Fahrenheit.
FID--Flame ionization detector.
FL--Full load.
ft.--feet.
g--gram(s).
gal.--U.S. gallon(s).
GVW--Gross vehicle weight.
GVWR--Gross vehicle weight rating.
h--hour(s).
H2O--water.
HC--hydrocarbon(s).
HFID--Heated flame ionization detector.
Hg--mercury.
hi--high.
hp.--horsepower.
IBP--Initial boiling point.
ID--Internal diameter.
in.--inch(es).
K--kelvin.
kg--kilogram(s).
km--kilometer(s).
kPa--kilopascal(s).
lb.--pound(s).
lb.-ft.--pound-feet.
m--meter(s).
max.--maximum.
mg--milligram(s).
mi.--mile(s).
min.--minute(s).
ml--milliliter(s).
mm--millimeter(s).
mph--miles per hour.
mv--millivolt(s).
N2--nitrogen.
NDIR--Nondispersive infrared.
NO--nitric oxide.
NO2--nitrogen dioxide.
NOX--oxides of nitrogen.
No.--Number.
O2--oxygen.
Pb--lead.
pct.--percent.
PDP-CVS--Positive displacement pump--constant volume sampler.
ppm--parts per million by volume.
ppm C--parts per million, carbon.
psi--pounds per square inch.
psig--pounds per square inch gauge.
PTA--Part throttle acceleration.
PTD--Part throttle deceleration.
R--Rankin.
rpm--revolutions per minute.
RVP--Reid vapor pressure.
s--second(s).
SAE--Society of Automotive Engineers.
SI--International system of units.
sp.--speed.
TEL--Tetraethyl lead.
TML--Tetramethyl lead.
UDDS--Urban dynamometer driving schedule.
V--volt(s).
vs--versus.
W--watt(s).
WF--Weighting factor.

[[Page 60]]

WOT--Wide open throttle.
wt.--weight.
'--feet.
"--inch(es).
 deg.--degree(s).
--summation.

[42 FR 32907, June 28, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 4149, Jan. 21, 1980]



Sec. 86.078-6  Hearings on certification.

    (a)(1) After granting a request for a hearing under Sec. 86.084-22, 
Sec. 86.084-30(b), or Sec. 86.084-30(c), the Administrator shall 
designate a Presiding Officer for the hearing.
    (2) The General Counsel will represent the Environmental Protection 
Agency in any hearing under this section.
    (3) If a time and place for the hearing have not been fixed by the 
Administrator under Sec. 86.084.22, Sec. 86.084-30(b), or Sec. 86.084-
30(c), the hearing shall be held as soon as practicable at a time and 
place fixed by the Administrator or by the Presiding Officer.
    (4) In the case of any hearing requested pursuant to Sec. 86.078-
30(c)(5)(i), the Administrator may in his discretion direct that all 
argument and presentation of evidence be concluded within such fixed 
period not less than 30 days as he may establish from the date that the 
first written offer of a hearing is made to the manufacturer. To 
expedite proceedings, the Administrator may direct that the decision of 
the Presiding Officer (who may, but need not be the Administrator 
himself) shall be the final EPA decision.
    (b)(1) Upon his appointment pursuant to paragraph (a) of this 
section, the Presiding Officer will establish a hearing file. The file 
shall consist of the notice issued by the Administrator under 
Sec. 86.084-22, Sec. 86.084-30(b), or Sec. 86.084-30(c) together with 
any accompanying material, the request for a hearing and the supporting 
data submitted therewith, and all documents relating to the request for 
certification and all documents submitted therewith, and correspondence 
and other data material to the hearing.
    (2) The hearing file will be available for inspection by the 
applicant at the office of the Presiding Officer.
    (c) An applicant may appear in person, or may be represented by 
counsel or by any other duly authorized representative.
    (d)(1) The Presiding Officer upon the request of any party, or in 
his discretion, may arrange for a prehearing conference at a time and 
place specified by him to consider the following:
    (i) Simplification of the issues;
    (ii) Stipulations, admissions of fact, and the introduction of 
documents;
    (iii) Limitation of the number of expert witnesses;
    (iv) Possibility of agreement disposing of all or any of the issues 
in dispute;
    (v) Such other matters as may aid in the disposition of the hearing, 
including such additional tests as may be agreed upon by the parties.
    (2) The results of the conference shall be reduced to writing by the 
Presiding Officer and made part of the record.
    (e)(1) Hearings shall be conducted by the Presiding Officer in an 
informal but orderly and expeditious manner. The parties may offer oral 
or written evidence, subject to the exclusion by the Presiding Officer 
of irrelevant, immaterial and repetitious evidence.
    (2) Witnesses will not be required to testify under oath. However, 
the Presiding Officer shall call to the attention of witnesses that 
their statements may be subject to the provisions of title 18 U.S.C. 
1001 which imposes penalties for knowingly making false statements or 
representations, or using false documents in any matter within the 
jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States.
    (3) Any witness may be examined or cross-examined by the Presiding 
Officer, the parties, or their representatives.
    (4) Hearings shall be reported verbatim. Copies of transcripts of 
proceedings may be purchased by the applicant from the reporter.
    (5) All written statements, charts, tabulations, and similar data 
offered in evidence at the hearings shall, upon a showing satisfactory 
to the Presiding Officer of their authenticity, relevancy, and 
materiality, be received in evidence and shall constitute a part of the 
record.
    (6) Oral argument may be permitted in the discretion of the 
Presiding Officer and shall be reported as part of the

[[Page 61]]

record unless otherwise ordered by him.
    (f)(1) The Presiding Officer shall make an initial decision which 
shall include written findings and conclusions and the reasons or basis 
therefor on all the material issues of fact, law, or discretion 
presented on the record. The findings, conclusions, and written decision 
shall be provided to the parties and made a part of the record. The 
initial decision shall become the decision of the Administrator without 
further proceedings unless there is an appeal to the Administrator or 
motion for review by the Administrator within 20 days of the date the 
initial decision was filed.
    (2) On appeal from or review of the initial decision the 
Administrator shall have all the powers which he would have in making 
the initial decision including the discretion to require or allow 
briefs, oral argument, the taking of additional evidence or the 
remanding to the Presiding Officer for additional proceedings. The 
decision by the Administrator shall include written findings and 
conclusions and the reasons or basis therefor on all the material issues 
of fact, law, or discretion presented on the appeal or considered in the 
review.

[42 FR 32907, June 28, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48479, Dec. 12, 1984]



Sec. 86.079-31  Separate certification.

    Where possible a manufacturer should include in a single application 
for certification all vehicles (or engines) for which certification is 
required. A manufacturer may, however, choose to apply separately for 
certification of part of his product line. The selection of test 
vehicles (or test engines) and the computation of test results will be 
determined separately for each application.

[42 FR 45149, Sept. 8, 1977]



Sec. 86.079-32  Addition of a vehicle or engine after certification.

    (a) If a manufacturer proposes to add to his product line a vehicle 
(or engine) of the same engine-system combination as vehicles (or 
engines) previously certified but which was not described in the 
application for certification when the test vehicle(s) (or test 
engine(s)) representing other vehicles (or engines) of that combination 
was certified, he shall notify the Administrator. Such notification 
shall be in advance of the addition unless the manufacturer elects to 
follow the procedure described in Sec. 86.079-34. This notification 
shall include a full description of the vehicle (or engine) to be added.
    (b) The Administrator may require the manufacturer to perform such 
tests on the test vehicle(s) (or test engine(s)) representing the 
vehicle (or engine) to be added which would have been required if the 
vehicle (or engine) had been included in the original application for 
certification.
    (c) If, after a review of the test reports and data submitted by the 
manufacturer, and data derived from any testing conducted under 
Sec. 86.079-29, the Administrator determines that the test vehicle(s) or 
test engine(s) meets all applicable standards, the appropriate 
certificate will be amended accordingly. If the Administrator determines 
that the test vehicle(s) (or test engine(s)) does not meet applicable 
standards, he will proceed under Sec. 86.079-30(b).

[42 FR 45149, Sept. 8, 1977]



Sec. 86.079-33  Changes to a vehicle or engine covered by certification.

    (a) The manufacturer shall notify the Administrator of any change in 
production vehicles (or production engines) in respect to any of the 
parameters listed in Sec. 86.079-24(a)(3), Sec. 86.079-24(b)(1)(iii), 
Sec. 86.079-24(b)(2) (iii) or Sec. 86.079-24(b)(3)(iii) as applicable, 
giving a full description of the change. Such notification shall be in 
advance of the change unless the manufacturer elects to follow the 
procedure described in Sec. 86.079-34.
    (b) Based upon the description of the change, and data derived from 
such testing as the Administrator may require or conduct. The 
Administrator will determine whether the vehicle (or engine), as 
modified, would still be covered by the certificate of conformity then 
in effect.
    (c) If the Administrator determines that the outstanding certificate 
would cover the modified vehicles (or engines) he will notify the 
manufacturer in

[[Page 62]]

writing. Except as provided in Sec. 86.079-34 the change may not be put 
into effect prior to the manufacturer's receiving this notification. If 
the Administrator determines that the modified vehicles (or engines) 
would not be covered by the certificate then in effect, the modified 
vehicles (or engines) shall be treated as additions to the product line 
subject to Sec. 86.079-32.

[42 FR 45149, Sept. 8, 1977]



Sec. 86.079-36  Submission of vehicle identification numbers.

    (a) Upon request of the Administrator, the manufacturer of any 
light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck covered by a certificate of 
conformity shall, within 30 days, identify by vehicle identification 
number, the vehicle(s) covered by the certificate of conformity.
    (b) The manufacturer of any light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck 
covered by a certificate of conformity shall provide to the 
Administrator, within 60 days of the issuance of a certificate of 
conformity, an explanation of the elements in any vehicle identification 
coding system in sufficient detail to enable the Administrator to 
identify those vehicles which are covered by a certificate of 
conformity.

[43 FR 52920, Nov. 14, 1978]



Sec. 86.079-39  Submission of maintenance instructions.

    (a) The manufacturer shall provide to the Administrator, no later 
than the time of the submission required by Sec. 86.079-23, a copy of 
the maintenance instructions which the manufacturer proposes to supply 
to the ultimate purchaser in accordance with Sec. 86.079-38(a). The 
Administrator will review such instructions to determine whether they 
are reasonable and necessary to assure the proper functioning of the 
vehicle's (or engine's) emission control systems. The Administrator will 
notify the manufacturer of his determination whether such instructions 
are reasonable and necessary to assure the proper functioning of the 
emission control systems.
    (b) Any revision to the maintenance instructions which will affect 
emissions shall be supplied to the Administrator at least 30 days before 
being supplied to the ultimate purchaser unless the Administrator 
consents to a lesser period of time.

[42 FR 45151, Sept. 8, 1977]



Sec. 86.080-12  Alternative certification procedures.

    (a)(1) The Administrator will determine which of the following 
certification procedures (paragraph (a)(3) or (a)(4) of this section) 
may be used to demonstrate compliance for each heavy-duty engine, light-
duty vehicle, and light-duty truck engine family for which certification 
is sought.
    (2) The families selected for the procedure described in paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section will be subject to this procedure at the option 
of the manufacturer.
    (3) The following provisions apply to those heavy-duty engine, 
light-duty vehicle, and light-duty truck engine families which the 
Administrator has specified may be subject to the abbreviated 
certification review procedure.
    (i) The manufacturer shall satisfy all applicable requirements of 
part 86 necessary to demonstrate compliance with the applicable 
standards for each class of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle 
engines for which certification is sought.
    (ii) As specifically allowed by the Administrator, the manufacturer 
shall assume the responsibility for part or all of the decisions 
applicable to the family for which certification is sought and which are 
within the jurisdiction of the Administrator, with the exception that 
the Administrator will determine whether a test vehicle, or test engine, 
has met the applicable emission standards.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall maintain, update, and correct all 
records and information required.
    (iv) The Administrator may review a manufacturer's records at any 
time. At the Administrator's discretion, this review may take place 
either at the manufacturer's facility or at another facility designated 
by the Administrator.
    (v) At the Administrator's request, the manufacturer shall notify 
the Administrator of the status of the certification program including 
projected

[[Page 63]]

schedules of those significant accomplishments specified by the 
Administrator.
    (vi) The manufacturer shall permit the Administrator to inspect any 
facilities, records, and vehicles from which data are obtained under the 
abbreviated certification review procedure.
    (vii) Upon completing all applicable requirements of part 86, the 
manufacturer shall submit a separate application for a certificate of 
conformity for each set of standards and each class of new motor 
vehicles or new motor vehicle engines for which certification is sought. 
Such application shall be made in writing to the Administrator by the 
manufacturer.
    (A) The Administrator may approve or disapprove, in whole or in 
part, an application for certification according to the procedures 
specified in Sec. 86.080-22(b).
    (B) If, after a review of the application for certification, test 
reports and data submitted by the manufacturer, data obtained during an 
inspection, and any other pertinent data or information, the 
Administrator determines that a test vehicle(s) or test engine(s) has 
not met the requirements of the Act and the applicable subpart, he will 
notify the manufacturer in writing and set forth the reason(s) for the 
determination as specified in Sec. 86.080-22(c).
    (4) Those families which are to be subjected to the complete EPA 
review procedure will follow the procedures specified in this subpart 
with the exception of Sec. 86.080-12(a)(3).
    (b) The manufacturer may request that an engine family be subject to 
the abbreviated certification review procedure.
    (c) The Administrator may require that an engine family previously 
allowed to be subject to the abbreviated certification review procedure 
be transferred to the complete review procedure.

[45 FR 26045, Apr. 17, 1980]



Sec. 86.082-2  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions of this section apply to this subpart and also 
to subparts B, D, I, and R of this part.
    (b) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have 
the meaning given them in the Act:
    Accuracy means the difference between a measurement and true value.
    Act means part A of title II of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. as 
amended, 7521, et seq.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency or his authorized representative.
    Auxiliary Emission Control Device (AECD) means any element of design 
which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, 
manifold vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, 
modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the 
emission control system.
    Basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine 
displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by 
number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage, 
and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified 
by the Administrator.
    Basic vehicle frontal area means the area enclosed by the geometric 
projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis, which 
includes tires but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto a plane 
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
    Body style means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as 
defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, 
fastback, hatchback).
    Body type means a name denoting a group of vehicles that are either 
in the same car line or in different car lines provided the only reason 
the vehicles qualify to be considered in different car lines is that 
they are produced by a separate division of a single manufacturer.
    Calibrating gas means a gas of known concentration which is used to 
establish the response curve of an analyzer.
    Calibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances, 
unique to a particular design, version, or application of a component or 
components assembly capable of functionally describing its operation 
over its working range.

[[Page 64]]

    Car line means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or 
car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., 
body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or 
opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as 
roofline, number of doors, seats, or windows except for station wagons 
or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are 
considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.
    Configuration means a subclassification of an engine-system 
combination on the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, 
transmission type and gear ratios, final drive ratio, and other 
parameters which may be designated by the Administrator.
    Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the 
atmosphere from any portion of the engine crankcase ventilation or 
lubrication systems.
    Curb-idle for manual transmission code heavy-duty engines means the 
manufacturer's recommended engine speed with the transmission in neutral 
or with the clutch disengaged. For automatic transmission code heavy-
duty engines, curb-idle means the manufacturer's recommended engine 
speed with the automatic transmission in gear and the output shaft 
stalled.
    Defeat Device means an AECD that reduces the effectiveness of the 
emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be 
expected to be encountered in normal urban vehicle operation and use, 
unless (1) such conditions are substantially included in the Federal 
emission test procedure, (2) the need for the AECD is justified in terms 
of protecting the vehicle against damage or accident, or (3) the AECD 
does not go beyond the requirements of engine starting.
    Diurnal breathing losses means evaporative emissions as a result of 
the daily range in temperature.
    Drive train configuration means a unique combination of engine code, 
transmission configuration, and axle ratio.
    Dynamometer-idle for automatic transmission code heavy-duty engines 
means the manufacturer's recommended engine speed without a transmission 
that simulates the recommended engine speed with a transmission and with 
the transmission in neutral.
    Engine code means a unique combination, within an engine-system 
combination, of displacement, carburetor (or fuel injection) 
calibration, choke calibration, distributor calibration, auxiliary 
emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system 
components specified by the Administrator.
    Engine family means the basic classification unit of a 
manufacturer's product line used for the purpose of test fleet selection 
and determined in accordance with Sec. 86.082-24.
    Engine family group means a combination of engine families for the 
purpose of determining a minimum deterioration factor under the 
Alternative Durability Program.
    Engine-system combination means an engine family-exhaust emission 
control system combination.
    EPA Enforcement Officer means any officer or employee of the 
Environmental Protection Agency so designated in writing by the 
Administrator (or by his designee).
    Evaporative emission code means a unique combination, in an 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination, of purge system calibrations, fuel tank and carburetor bowl 
vent calibrations and other fuel system and evaporative emission control 
system components and calibrations specified by the Administrator.
    Evaporative emissions means hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere 
from a motor vehicle, other than exhaust and crankcase emissions.
    Evaporative vehicle configuration means a unique combination of 
basic engine, engine code, body type, and evaporative emission code.
    Exhaust emissions means substances emitted to the atmosphere from 
any opening downstream from the exhaust port of a motor vehicle engine.
    Fuel evaporative emissions means vaporized fuel emitted into the 
atmosphere from the fuel system of a motor vehicle.
    Fuel system means the combination of fuel tank(s), fuel pump, fuel 
lines, and

[[Page 65]]

carburetor or fuel injection components, and includes all fuel system 
vents and fuel evaporative emission control system components.
    Gross vehicle weight means the manufacturer's gross weight rating 
for the individual vehicle.
    Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the 
manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle.
    Hang-up refers to the process of hydrocarbon molecules being 
adsorbed, condensed, or by any other method removed from the sample flow 
prior to reaching the instrument detector. It also refers to any 
subsequent desorption of the molecules into the sample flow when they 
are assumed to be absent.
    Heavy-duty engine means any engine which the engine manufacturer 
could reasonably expect to be used for motive power in a heavy-duty 
vehicle.
    Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle rated at more than 8,500 
pounds GVWR or that has a vehicle curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds 
or that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45 square feet.
    High altitude means any elevation over 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).
    High-altitude conditions means a test altitude of 1,620 meters 
(5,315 feet), plus or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equivalent 
observed barometric test conditions of 83.3plus-minus1 
kilopascals.
    High-altitude reference point means an elevation of 1,620 meters 
(5,315 feet) plus or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equivalent observed 
barometric test conditions of 83.3 kPa (24.2 inches Hg), plus or minus 1 
kPa (0.30 Hg).
    Hot-soak losses means evaporative emissions after termination of 
engine operation.
    Incomplete truck means any truck which does not have the primary 
load carrying device or container attached.
    Inertia weight class means the class, which is a group of test 
weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle 
weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.
    Intermediate speed means peak torque speed if peak torque speed 
occurs between 60 and 75 percent of rated speed. If the peak torque 
speed is less than 60 percent of rated speed, intermediate speed means 
60 percent of rated speed. If the peak torque speed is greater than 75 
percent of rated speed, intermediate speed means 75 percent of rated 
speed.
    Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR 
or less which as a vehicle curb weight of 6,000 pounds or less and which 
has a basic vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or less, which is:
    (1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or 
is a derivation of such a vehicle, or
    (2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a 
capacity of more than 12 persons, or
    (3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-
highway operation and use.
    Light-duty vehicle means a passenger car or passenger car derivative 
capable of seating 12 passengers or less.
    Loaded vehicle weight means the vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds.
    Low altitude means any elevation equal to or less than 1,219 meters 
(4,000 feet).
    Low altitude conditions means a test altitude less than 549 meters 
(1,800 feet).
    Malfunction means not operating according to specifications (e.g., 
those specifications listed in the application for certification).
    Maximum rated horsepower means the maximum brake horsepower output 
of an engine as stated by the manufacturer in his sales and service 
literature and his application for certification under Sec. 86.082-21.
    Maximum rated torque means the maximum torque produced by an engine 
as stated by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature and 
his application for certification under Sec. 86.082-21.
    Military engine means any engine manufactured solely for the 
Department of Defense to meet military specifications.
    Model means a specific combination of car line, body style, and 
drivetrain configuration.
    Model type means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and 
transmission class.
    Model year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as 
determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such 
calendar year:

[[Page 66]]

Provided, That if the manufacturer has no annual production period, the 
term model year shall mean the calendar year.
    Nominal fuel tank capacity means the volume of the fuel tank(s), 
specified by the manufacturer to the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon, 
which may be filled with fuel from the fuel tank filler inlet.
    Opacity means the fraction of a beam of light, expressed in percent, 
which fails to penetrate a plume of smoke.
    Option means any available equipment or feature not standard 
equipment on a model.
    Oxides of nitrogen means the sum of the nitric oxide and nitrogen 
dioxide contained in a gas sample as if the nitric oxide were in the 
form of nitrogen dioxide.
    Peak torque speed means the speed at which an engine develops 
maximum torque.
    Percent load means the fraction of the maximum available torque at a 
specified engine speed.
    Precision means the standard deviation of replicated measurements.
    Rated speed means the speed at which the manufacturer specifies the 
maximum rated horsepower of an engine.
    Reconfigured emission-data vehicle means an emission-data vehicle 
obtained by modifying a previously used emission-data vehicle to 
represent another emission-data vehicle.
    Running loss means fuel evaporative emissions resulting from an 
average trip in an urban area or the simulation of such a trip.
    Scheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal, 
disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems 
which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or 
vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction.
    Smoke means the matter in the exhaust emission which obscures the 
transmission of light.
    Span gas means a gas of known concentration which is used routinely 
to set the output level of an analyzer.
    Standard equipment means those features or equipment which are 
marketed on a vehicle over which the purchaser can exercise no choice.
    System includes any motor vehicle engine modification which controls 
or causes the reduction of substances emitted from motor vehicles.
    Tank fuel volume means the volume of fuel in the fuel tank(s), which 
is determined by taking the manufacturer's nominal fuel tank(s) capacity 
and multiplying by 0.40, the result being rounded using ASTM E 29-67 to 
the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon.
    Test weight means the weight, within an inertia weight class, which 
is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on 
its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.
    Throttle means the mechanical linkage which either directly or 
indirectly controls the fuel flow to the engine.
    Transmission class means the basic type of transmission, e.g., 
manual, automatic, semiautomatic.
    Transmission configuration means a unique combination, within a 
transmission class, of the number of the forward gears and, if 
applicable, overdrive. The Administrator may further subdivide a 
transmission configuration (based on such criteria as gear ratios, 
torque convertor multiplication ratio, stall speed and shift 
calibration, etc.), if he determines that significant fuel economy or 
exhaust emission differences exist within that transmission 
configuration.
    Unscheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal, 
disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems 
which is performed to correct a part failure or vehicle (if the engine 
were installed in a vehicle) malfunction.
    Useful life means:
    (1) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks a period of use of 
5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (2) For gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines a period of use of 5 
years or 50,000 miles of vehicle operation or 1,500 hours of engine 
operation (or an equivalent period of 1,500 hours of dynamometer 
operation), whichever first occurs.
    (3) For diesel heavy-duty engines a period of use of 5 years or 
100,000 miles of vehicle operation or 3,000 hours of engine operation 
(or an equivalent period of 1,000 hours of dynamometer operation), 
whichever first occurs.

[[Page 67]]

    Van means a light-duty truck having an integral enclosure, fully 
enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying device, and having no 
body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge 
of the windshield.
    Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, 
engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle 
ratio.
    Vehicle curb weight means the actual or the manufacturer's estimated 
weight of the vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment, 
and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional 
equipment computed in accordance with Sec. 86.082-24; incomplete light-
duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer.
    Zero (0) hours means that point after normal assembly line 
operations and adjustments are completed and before ten (10) additional 
operating hours have been accumulated, including emission testing, if 
performed.
    Zero (0) miles means that point after initial engine starting (not 
to exceed 100 miles of vehicle operation, or three hours of engine 
operation) at which normal assembly line operations and adjustments are 
completed, and including emission testing, if performed.

[46 FR 50475, Oct. 13, 1981, and 47 FR 49807, 49808, Nov. 2, 1982; 62 FR 
31233, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.082-34  Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

    (a) A manufacturer may, in lieu of notifying the Administrator in 
advance of an addition of a vehicle (or engine) under Sec. 86.079-32 or 
a change in a vehicle (or engine) under Sec. 86.079-33, notify the 
Administrator concurrently with making an addition of a vehicle or a 
change in a vehicle, if the manufacturer determines that following the 
change all vehicles (or engines) effected by the addition or change will 
still meet the applicable emission standards. Such notification shall 
include a full description of the addition or change and any supporting 
documentation the manufacturer may desire to include to support the 
manufacturer's determination. The manufacturer's determination that the 
addition or change does not cause noncompliance shall be based on an 
engineering evaluation of the addition or change and/or testing.
    (b) The Administrator may require that additional emission testing 
be performed to support the manufacturers original determination 
submitted in paragraph (a) of this section. If additional testing is 
required the Administrator shall proceed as in Sec. 86.079-32 (b) and 
(c) or Sec. 86.079-33 (b) and (c) as appropriate. Additional test data, 
if requested, must be provided within 30 days of the request or the 
manufacturer must rescind the addition or change immediately. The 
Administrator may grant additional time to complete testing. If based on 
this additional testing or any other information, the Administrator 
determines that the vehicles effected by the addition or change do not 
meet the applicable standards the Administrator will notify the 
manufacturer to rescind the addition or change immediately upon receipt 
of the notification.
    (c) Election to produce vehicles (or engines) under this section 
will be deemed to be a consent to recall all vehicles (or engines) which 
the Administrator determines under Sec. 86.079-32(c) do not meet 
applicable standards, and to cause such nonconformity to be remedied at 
no expense to the owner.

[46 FR 50486, Oct. 13, 1981, and 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.084-2  Definitions.

    The definitions in Sec. 86.082-2 remain effective. The definitions 
listed in this section apply beginning with the 1984 model year.
    Approach angle means the smallest angle in a plan side view of an 
automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is 
standing and a line tangent to the front tire static loaded radius arc 
and touching the underside of the automobile forward of the front tire.
    Axle clearance means the vertical distance from the level surface on 
which an automobile is standing to the lowest point on the axle 
differential of the automobile.
    Breakover angle means the supplement of the largest angle, in the 
plan side view of an automobile, that can be

[[Page 68]]

formed by two lines tangent to the front and rear static loaded radii 
arcs and intersecting at a point on the underside of the automobile.
    Curb-idle means:
    (1) For manual transmission code light-duty trucks, the engine speed 
with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and with 
the air conditioning system, if present, turned off. For automatic 
transmission code light-duty trucks, curb-idle means the engine speed 
with the automatic transmission in the Park position (or Neutral 
position if there is no Park position), and with the air conditioning 
system, if present, turned off.
    (2) For manual transmission code heavy-duty engines, the 
manufacturer's recommended engine speed with the clutch disengaged. For 
automatic transmission code heavy-duty engines, curb idle means the 
manufacturer's recommended engine speed with the automatic transmission 
in gear and the output shaft stalled. (Measured idle speed may be used 
in lieu of curb-idle speed for the emission tests when the difference 
between measured idle speed and curb idle speed is sufficient to cause a 
void test under either Sec. 86.1341 or Sec. 86.884-7 but not sufficient 
to permit adjustment in accordance with Sec. 86.085-25.)
    Departure angle means the smallest angle, in a plan side view of an 
automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is 
standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius arc 
and touching the underside of the automobile rearward of the rear tire.
    Emission-related maintenance means that maintenance which does 
substantially affect emissions or which is likely to affect the 
deterioration of the vehicle or engine with respect to emissions, even 
if the maintenance is performed at some time other than that which is 
recommended.
    Heavy-passenger cars means, for the 1984 model year only, a 
passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 
passengers or less, rated at 6,000 pounds GVW or more and having an 
equivalent test weight of 5,000 pounds or more.
    Non-emission related maintenance means that maintenance which does 
not substantially affect emissions and which does not have a lasting 
effect on the deterioration of the vehicle or engine with respect to 
emissions once the maintenance is performed at any particular date.
    Scheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal, 
disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems 
which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or 
vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction, or 
anticipated as necessary to correct an overt indication of vehicle 
malfunction or failure for which periodic maintenance is not 
appropriate.
    Special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and 
use means a vehicle:
    (1) That has 4-wheel drive; and
    (2) That has at least four of the following characteristics 
calculated when the automobile is at curb weight, on a level surface, 
with the front wheels parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, 
and the tires inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure;
    (i) Approach angle of not less than 28 degrees.
    (ii) Breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees.
    (iii) Departure angle of not less than 20 degrees.
    (iv) Running clearance of not less than 8 inches.
    (v) Front and rear axle clearances of not less than 7 inches each.
    Static loaded radius arc means a portion of a circle whose center is 
the center of a standard tire-rim combination of an automobile and whose 
radius is the distance from that center to the level surface on which 
the automobile is standing, measured with the automobile at curb weight, 
the wheel parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and the 
tire inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure.
    Unscheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal 
disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems 
which is performed to correct a part failure or vehicle (if the engine 
were installed in a vehicle) malfunction which was not anticipated.
    Useful life means:

[[Page 69]]

    (a) For light-duty vehicles a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 
miles, whichever first occurs.
    (b)(1) For a light-duty truck engine family or heavy-duty engine 
family, the average period of use up to engine retirement or rebuild, 
whichever occurs first, as determined by the manufacturer under 
Sec. 86.084-21(b)(4)(ii)(B).
    (2) For a specific light-duty truck or heavy-duty engine, the period 
of use represented by the first occurring of the following:
    (i) The engine reaches the point of needing to be rebuilt, according 
to the criteria established by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.084-
21(b)(4)(ii)(C), or
    (ii) The engine reaches its engine family's useful life.
    (3) If the useful life of a specific light-duty truck or heavy-duty 
engine is found to be less than 5 years or 50,000 miles (or the 
equivalent), the useful life shall be a period of use of 5 years or 
50,000 miles (or the equivalent), whichever occurs first, as required by 
section 202(d)(2) of the Act.
    (4) For purpose of identification this option shall be known as the 
average useful-life period.
    (c)(1) As an option for a light-duty truck engine family, a period 
of use of 12 years or 130,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (2) As an option for a gasoline heavy-duty engine family, a period 
of use of 10 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (3) As an option for a diesel heavy-duty engine family, a period of 
use of 10 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first, for engines 
certified for use in vehicles of less than 19,500 pounds GVWR; a period 
of use of 10 years or 200,000 miles, whichever occurs first, for engines 
certified for use in vehicles of 19,501-26,000 pounds GVWR; or, a period 
of use of 10 years or 275,000 miles, whichever occurs first, for engines 
certified for use in vehicles whose GVWR exceeds 26,000 pounds.
    (4) As an option for both light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine 
families, an alternate full-life value assigned by the Administrator 
under Sec. 86.084-21(b)(4)(ii)(B)(4).
    (5) For purpose of identification these options shall be known as 
the assigned useful-life period options.
    (6) For those light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine families using 
the assigned useful-life period options, the warranty period for 
emissions defect warranty and emissions performance warranty shall be 5 
years/50,000 miles for light-duty trucks, 5 years/50,000 miles for 
gasoline heavy-duty engines and for diesel heavy-duty engines certified 
for use in vehicle of less than 19,501 lbs. GVWR, and 5 years/100,000 
miles for all other diesel heavy-duty engines. However, in no case may 
this period be less than the basic mechanical warranty period.
    (7) The assigned useful-life period options, as detailed in 
paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(6) of this section, are applicable for the 
1984 model year only.
    (d)(1) As an option for the 1984 model year and for the 1984 model 
year only, the useful life of light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engine 
families may be defined as prescribed in Sec. 86.077-2.
    (2) For purpose of identification this option shall be known as the 
half-life useful-life option.

[45 FR 63747, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 47 FR 49811, Nov. 2, 1982; 
48 FR 1412, Jan. 12, 1983; 48 FR 48607, Oct. 19, 1983; 49 FR 48136, Dec. 
10, 1984]



Sec. 86.084-4  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) Section numbering. (1) The model year of initial applicability 
is indicated by the last two digits of the 5-digit group. A section 
remains in effect for subsequent model years until it is superseded. The 
number following the hyphen designates what previous section is replaced 
by a future regulation.
    Examples: Section 86.077-6 applies to the 1977 and subsequent model 
years until superseded. If a Sec. 86.080-6 is promulgated it would take 
effect with the 1980 model year; Sec. 86.077-6 would not apply after the 
1979 model year. Section 86.077-10 would be replaced by Sec. 86.078-10 
beginning with the 1978 model year.
    (2) Where a section still in effect references a section that has 
been superseded, the reference shall be interpreted to mean the 
superseding section.
    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model year.

[[Page 70]]

    (c) Construction. Except where indicated, the language in this 
subpart applies to both vehicles and engines. In many instances, 
language referring to engines is enclosed in parentheses and immediately 
follows the language discussing vehicles.

[45 FR 63747, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 59 FR 48492, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.084-40  Automatic expiration of reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    (a) [Reserved]
    (b) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines. (1) All of the 
recordkeeping and reporting requirements in this subpart for which 1984 
is the first model year of implementation will automatically expire on 
December 31, 1988, unless the Administrator acts to retain them.
    (2) If the Administrator determines that the reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements should be retained she/he will also at that 
time establish the subsequent date of expiration, which will not be 
later than December 31, 1993.

[45 FR 63770, Sept. 25, 1980]



Sec. 86.085-1  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart apply to 1985 and later model 
year new gasoline-fueled and diesel light-duty vehicles, 1985 and later 
model year new gasoline-fueled and diesel light-duty trucks, and 1985 
and later model year new gasoline-fueled and diesel heavy-duty engines.
    (b) Optional applicability. A manufacturer may request to certify 
any heavy-duty vehicle 10,000 pounds GVWP or less in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. Heavy-duty engine or vehicle provisions do 
not apply to such a vehicle.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Alternative Durability Program. For 1985 and later model year 
light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a manufacturer may elect to 
participate in the Alternative Durability Program. This optional program 
provides an alternative method of determining exhaust emission control 
system durability. The general procedures and a description of the 
programs are contained in Sec. 86.085-13 and specific provisions on test 
vehicles and compliance procedures are contained in Secs. 86.085-24 and 
86.085-28 respectively.
    (e) Small volume manufacturers. Special certification procedures are 
available for any manufacturer whose projected combined U.S. sales of 
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines in its 
product line are fewer than 10,000 units for the model year in which the 
manufacturer seeks certification. In order to certify its product line 
under these optional procedures, the small-volume manufacturer must 
first obtain the Administrator's approval. Vehicles produced at 
facilities leased, operated, controlled, supervised, or in 10 percent or 
greater part owned by the manufacturer shall be counted in calculating 
the total sales of the manufacturer. The small-volume manufacturer's 
certification procedures are described in Sec. 86.084-14.
    (f) Optional Procedures for Determining Exhaust Opacity. (1) The 
provisions of subpart I apply to tests which are performed by the 
Administrator, and optionally, by the manufacturer.
    (2) Measurement procedures, other than that described in subpart I, 
may be used by the manufacturer provided the manufacturer satisfies the 
requirements of Sec. 86.085-23(f).
    (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use an alternative measurement 
procedure it has the responsibility to determine whether the results 
obtained by the procedure will correlate with the results which would be 
obtained from the measurement procedure in subpart I. Consequently, the 
Administrator will not routinely approve or disapprove any alternative 
opacity measurement procedure or any associated correlation data which 
the manufacturer elects to use to satisfy the data requirements of 
subpart I.
    (4) If a confirmatory test(s) is performed and the results indicate 
there is a systematic problem suggesting that the data generated under 
an optional alternative measurement procedure do not adequately 
correlate with subpart I data, EPA may require that all certificates of 
conformity not already issued

[[Page 71]]

be based on data from subpart I procedures.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601(a)

[48 FR 22548, May 19, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 10648, Mar. 15, 1985; 51 
FR 24608, July 7, 1986]



Sec. 86.085-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.084-2 remain effective. The definitions 
listed in this section apply beginning with the 1985 model year.
    Abnormally treated vehicle, any diesel light-duty vehicle or diesel 
light-duty truck that is operated for less than five miles in a 30 day 
period immediately prior to conducting a particulate emissions test.
    Composite particulate standard, for a manufacturer which elects to 
average diesel light-duty vehicles and diesel light-duty trucks together 
in the particulate averaging program, means that standard calculated 
according to the following equation and rounded to the nearest hundredth 
gram-per-mile:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.004

Where:
PRODLDV represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty 
vehicle production for those engine families being included in the 
average for a given model year.
STDLDV represents the light-duty vehicle particulate 
standard.
PRODLDT represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty 
truck production for those engine families being included in the average 
for a given model year.
STDLDT represents the light-duty truck particulate standard.

    Family particulate emission limit means the diesel particulate 
emission level to which an engine family is certified in the particulate 
averaging program, expressed to an accuracy of one hundredth gram-per-
mile.
    Incomplete gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicle means any gasoline-
fueled heavy-duty vehicle which does not have the primary load-carrying 
device, or passenger compartment, or engine compartment or fuel system 
attached.
    Production-weighted average means the manufacturer's production-
weighted average particulate emission level, for certification purposes, 
of all of its diesel engine families included in the particulate 
averaging program. It is calculated at the end of the model year by 
multiplying each family particulate emission limit by its respective 
production, summing these terms, and dividing the sum by the total 
production of the effected families. Those vehicles produced for sale in 
California or at high altitude shall each be averaged separately from 
those produced for sale in any other area.
    Primary intended service class means:
    (a) The primary service application group for which a heavy-duty 
diesel engine is designed and marketed, as determined by the 
manufacturer. The primary intended service classes are designated as 
light, medium, and heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. The determination is 
based on factors such as vehicle GVW, vehicle usage and operating 
patterns, other vehicle design characteristics, engine horsepower, and 
other engine design and operating characteristics.
    (1) Light heavy-duty diesel engines usually are non-sleeved and not 
designed for rebuild; their rated horsepower generally ranges from 70 to 
170. Vehicle body types in this group might include any heavy-duty 
vehicle built for a light-duty truck chassis, van trucks, multi-stop 
vans, recreational vehicles, and some single axle straight trucks. 
Typical applications would include personal transportation, light-load 
commercial hauling and delivery, passenger service, agriculture, and 
construction. The GVWR of these vehicles is normally less than 19,500 
lbs.
    (2) Medium heavy-duty diesel engines may be sleeved or non-sleeved 
and may

[[Page 72]]

be designed for rebuild. Rated horsepower generally ranges from 170 to 
250. Vehicle body types in this group would typically include school 
buses, tandem axle straight trucks, city tractors, and a variety of 
special purpose vehicles such as small dump trucks, and trash compactor 
trucks. Typical applications would include commercial short haul and 
intra-city delivery and pickup. Engines in this group are normally used 
in vehicles whose GVWR varies from 19,500-33,000 lbs.
    (3) Heavy heavy-duty diesel engines are sleeved and designed for 
multiple rebuilds. Their rated horsepower generally exceeds 250. 
Vehicles in this group are normally tractors, trucks, and buses used in 
inter-city, long-haul applications. These vehicles normally exceed 
33,000 lbs GVWR.
    Useful life means:
    (a) For light-duty vehicles a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 
miles, whichever first occurs.
    (b) For a light-duty truck engine family, a period of use of 11 
years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (c) For a gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engine family (and in the case 
of evaporative emission regulations, for gasoline-fueled heavy-duty 
vehicles), a period of use of 8 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first 
occurs.
    (d) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family:
    (1) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years 
or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (2) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years 
or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (3) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years 
or 290,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (e) As an option for both light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine 
families, an alternative useful life period assigned by the 
Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (f) of Sec. 86.085-21.
    (f) The useful-life period for purposes of the emissions defect 
warranty and emissions performance warranty shall be a period of 5 
years/50,000 miles whichever first occurs, for light-duty trucks, 
gasoline heavy-duty engines, and light heavy-duty diesel engines. For 
all other heavy-duty diesel engines the aforementioned period is 5 
years/100,000 miles, whichever first occurs. However, in no case may 
this period be less than the manufacturer's basic mechanical warranty 
period for the engine family.

[48 FR 33462, July 21, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 52184, Nov. 16, 1983; 
52 FR 47863, Dec. 16, 1987]



Sec. 86.085-13  Alternative Durability Program.

    (a) The procedures of the Alternative Durability Program are 
optional. Manufacturers may use these optional procedures to determine 
deterioration factors instead of using the procedures that this subpart 
otherwise requires.
    (b) The optional procedures of the Alternative Durability Program 
apply only to light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, and are 
effective for the 1985 and later model years. All manufacturers of these 
vehicles are eligible to participate in this program.
    (c) For engine families subject to the procedures of the Alternative 
Durability Program, the manufacturer shall submit deterioration factors 
to the Administrator for approval to use them for certification. The 
Administrator shall approve the use of deterioriation factors that:
    (1) The manufacturer attests are representative of the durability 
performance of its vehicles in actual field use when maintained 
according to the manufacturer's maintenance instructions (as limited 
under Sec. 86.084-25(a)), and
    (2) Are equal to or greater than the deterioration factors that EPA 
determines under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (d) EPA shall determine minimum deterioration factors for engine 
families subject to the Alternative Durability Program. This 
determination shall be based on a procedure of grouping engine families 
(see Sec. 86.085-24(a)) in order to use historical certification data to 
determine deterioration factors for each engine family group. The 
historical data shall be updated yearly through the testing of 
production durability-data vehicles. Test vehicle requirements under 
these procedures are contained in Sec. 86.085-24(h) and compliance 
requirements are contained in Sec. 86.085-28 (a)(5) and (b)(5).

[[Page 73]]

    (e) Request Procedures. (1) A manufacturer wishing to participate in 
the Alternative Durability Program must submit to the Administrator, for 
each model year, a written request describing the engine families that 
the manufacturer elects to be included in the program.
    (2) The Administrator may declare ineligible any engine family for 
which the Administrator determines there is unreasonable risk in 
determining a deterioration factor using the methods of the Alternative 
Durability Program. Furthermore, the Administrator may limit the number 
of engine families within the manufacturer's product line that are 
eligible for the Alternative Durability Program.
    (3) Upon approval of the manufacturer's request to participate, the 
Administrator and the manufacturer may enter into a written agreement 
prescribing the terms and conditions of the program. This agreement 
shall be equitable as compared to agreements entered into with other 
manufacturers. The agreement shall specify the following:
    (i) The engine families to be included in the program and the engine 
family groups that have been established by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.085-24(a) (8) and (9).
    (ii) The procedures for the selection of production durability-data 
vehicles specified under the provisions of Sec. 86.085-24(h).
    (iii) The procedures for the determination of minimum exhaust 
emission deterioration factors for each engine family group.
    (f) Withdrawal from Alternative Durability Program. (1) Subject to 
the conditions of the following paragraphs, a manufacturer may, at any 
time, withdraw all of its product line or separate engine family groups 
from this program. Only entire engine family groups may be withdrawn.
    (2) Once any engine family in an engine family group is certified 
using deterioration factors determined in the Alternative Durability 
Program, the manufacturer shall operate and test the production 
durability-data vehicles specified in Sec. 86.085-24(h) in accordance 
with the procedures of this part.
    (3) The Administrator shall notify the manufacturer if a 
nonconformity of a category of vehicles within the engine family group 
is indicated by the production durability data. For the purpose of this 
paragraph, a nonconformity is determined to exist if:
    (i) Any emission-data vehicle within an engine family of the model 
year most recently certified under the Alternative Durability Program is 
projected to exceed an emission standard by applying deterioration 
factors generated by a production durability-data vehicle within the 
same engine family, or
    (ii) Any of the most recent model year's production durability-data 
vehicle configurations tested under paragraph (f)(2) of this section 
line crosses as defined in Sec. 86.085-28(a)(5)(ii)(C). For the purpose 
of this paragraph, data from identical vehicles will be averaged as 
under Sec. 86.085-28(a)(4)(i) (A) and (B).
    (4) If the Administrator notifies a manufacturer of such a 
nonconformity, the manufacturer shall submit, by a date specified by the 
Administrator, a plan to remedy the nonconformity which is acceptable to 
the Director, Office of Mobile Sources. For the purpose of this 
paragraph, the term ``remedy the nonconformity'' will have the same 
meaning as it does when it appears in section 207(c)(1) of the Clean Air 
Act.
    (5) The manufacturer shall comply with the terms of the remedial 
plan approved by the Director, Office of Mobile Sources.
    (6) If a manufacturer does not comply with the requirements of 
paragraph (f) (2), (4), or (5) of this section, the Administrator may 
deem the certificate of conformity for the affected engine families void 
ab initio.

[48 FR 22548, May 19, 1983]



Sec. 86.085-20  Incomplete vehicles, classification.

    (a) An incomplete truck less than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight 
rating shall be classified by the manufacturer as a light-duty truck or 
as a heavy-duty vehicle. Incomplete light-duty trucks shall be described 
in the manufacturer's application for certification. The frontal area 
and curb weight used for certification purposes

[[Page 74]]

shall be specified on the label required in Sec. 86.085-35(d). 
Incomplete heavy-duty trucks must be labeled as required in Sec. 86.085-
35(e) and Sec. 86.085-35(g).
    (b) [Reserved]

[48 FR 1439, Jan. 12, 1983]



Sec. 86.085-37  Production vehicles and engines.

    (a) Any manufacturer obtaining certification under this part shall 
supply to the Administrator, upon request, a reasonable number of 
production vehicles (or engines) selected by the Administrator which are 
representative of the engines, emission control systems, fuel systems, 
and transmission offered and typical of production models available for 
sale under the certificate. These vehicles (or engines) shall be 
supplied for testing at such time and place and for such reasonable 
periods as the Administrator may require. Heavy-duty engines supplied 
under this paragraph may be required to be mounted in chassis and 
appropriately equipped for operation on a chassis dynamometer.
    (b)(1) Any manufacturer of light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks 
obtaining certification under this part shall notify the Administrator, 
on a yearly basis, of the number of vehicles domestically produced for 
sale in the United States and the number of vehicles produced and 
imported for sale in the United States during the preceding year. Such 
information shall also include the number of vehicles produced for sale 
pursuant to Sec. 88.204-94(b) of this chapter. A manufacturer may elect 
to provide this information every 60 days instead of yearly by combining 
it with the notification required under Sec. 86.079-36. The notification 
must be submitted 30 days after the close of the reporting period. A 
manufacturer may combine the information required under Sec. 86.1712(b) 
with the information included in paragraphs (b)(1) (i) through (iv) of 
this section into the report required under this section. The vehicle 
production information required shall be submitted as follows:
    (i) Total production volume expressed in terms of units produced;
    (ii) Model type production volume, expressed for each model type in 
terms of units produced and as a percentage of total production;
    (iii) Base level production volume, expressed for each base level in 
terms of units produced and as percentage of:
    (A) Total production of its respective model type(s), and
    (B) Total production; and
    (iv) Vehicle configuration production volume, expressed for each 
vehicle configuration in terms of units produced, and as a percentage of 
the total production of its respective base level. In addition, each 
vehicle configuration shall be identified by its appropriate engine-
system combination.
    (2) All light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks covered by a 
certificate of conformity under Sec. 86.082-30(a) shall be adjusted by 
the manufacturer to the ignition or injection timing specification 
detailed in Sec. 86.079-36(a)(1)(iii)(D).
    (c) Any heavy-duty engine or gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicle 
manufacturer obtaining certification under this part shall notify the 
Administr`ator, on a yearly basis, of the number of engines or vehicles 
of such engine family-evaporative emission family-engine displacement-
exhaust emission control system-fuel system combination produced for 
sale in the United States during the preceding year.
    (d) The following definitions apply to this section:
    (1) Model type means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, 
and transmission class.
    (2) Base level means a unique combination of basic engine, inertia 
weight, and transmission class.
    (3) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic 
engine, engine code, inertia weight, transmission configuration, and 
axle ratio within a base level.

[48 FR 1455, Jan. 12, 1983, as amended at 59 FR 50073, Sept. 30, 1994; 
62 FR 31233, June 6, 1997]

    Effective Date Note: At 62 FR 31233, June 6, 1997, Sec. 86.085-37 
was amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) introductory text, effective 
Aug. 5, 1997. That text contains information collection and 
recordkeeping requirements and will not become effective until approval 
has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.

[[Page 75]]



Sec. 86.087-2  Definitions.

    Composite particulate standard for a manufacturer which elects to 
average diesel light-duty vehicles and diesel light-duty trucks with a 
loaded vehicle weight equal to or less than 3,750 lbs (LDDT1s) together 
in the particulate averaging program, means that standard calculated 
according to the following equation and rounded to the nearest hundredth 
gram per mile:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.005

Where:
PRODLDV represents the manufacturer's total light-duty 
vehicle production for those engine families being included in the 
average for a given model year.
STDLDV represents the light-duty vehicle particulate 
standard.
PRODLDDT1 represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-
duty truck production for those engine families with a loaded vehicle 
weight equal to or less than 3,750 lbs which are being included in the 
average for a given model year.
STDLDDT1 represents the light-duty truck particulate standard 
for diesel light-duty trucks with a loaded vehicle weight equal to or 
less than 3,750 lbs.

    Production-weighted average means the manufacturer's production-
weighted average particulate emission level, for certification purposes, 
of all of its diesel engine families included in the particulate 
averaging program. It is calculated at the end of the model year by 
multiplying each family particulate emission limit by its respective 
production, summing these terms, and dividing the sum by the total 
production of the affected families. Those vehicles produced for sale in 
California or at high altitude shall each be averaged separately from 
those produced for sale in any other area. Diesel light-duty trucks with 
a loaded vehicle weight equal to or greater than 3,751 lbs (LDDT2s) 
shall only be averaged with other diesel light-duty trucks with a loaded 
vehicle weight equal to or greater than 3,751 lbs produced by that 
manufacturer.

[53 FR 43875, Oct. 31, 1988]



Sec. 86.087-38  Maintenance instructions.

    (a) The manufacturer shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the 
purchaser of each new motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) subject to 
the standards prescribed in Sec. 86.087-8, Sec. 86.087-9, Sec. 86.087-
10, or Sec. 86.087-11, as applicable, written instructions for the 
proper maintenance and use of the vehicle (or engine), by the purchaser 
consistent with the provisions of Sec. 86.087-25, which establishes what 
scheduled maintenance the Administrator approves as being reasonable and 
necessary. For light-duty vehicle manufacturers optionally complying 
with Sec. 86.087-25(a) for the 1987 model year, the Administrator 
approves any scheduled maintenance allowed by Sec. 86.087-25(a) as being 
reasonable and necessary.
    (1) The maintenance instructions required by this section shall be 
in clear, and to the extent practicable, nontechnical language.
    (2) The maintenance instructions required by this section shall 
contain a general description of the documentation which the 
manufacturer will require from the ultimate purchaser or any subsequent 
purchaser as evidence of compliance with the instructions.
    (b) Instructions provided to purchasers under paragraph (a) of this 
section shall specify the performance of all scheduled maintenance 
performed by the manufacturer on certification durability vehicles and, 
in cases where the manufacturer performs less maintenance on 
certification durability vehicles than the allowed limit, may specify 
the performance of any scheduled maintenance allowed under Sec. 86.087-
25 (or under Sec. 86.085-25(a), for light-duty vehicle families 
optionally complying with that section for the 1987 model year).

[[Page 76]]

    (c) Scheduled emission-related maintenance in addition to that 
performed under Sec. 86.087-25(b) may only be recommended to offset the 
effects of abnormal in-use operating conditions, except as provided in 
paragraph (d) of this section. The manufacturer shall be required to 
demonstrate, subject to the approval of the Administrator, that such 
maintenance is reasonable and technologically necessary to assure the 
proper functioning of the emission control system. Such additional 
recommended maintenance shall be clearly differentiated, in a form 
approved by the Administrator, from that approved under Sec. 86.087-
25(b).
    (d) Inspections of emission-related parts or systems with 
instructions to replace, repair, clean, or adjust the parts or systems 
if necessary, are not considered to be items of scheduled maintenance 
which insure the proper functioning of the emission control system. Such 
inspections, and any recommended maintenance beyond that approved by the 
Administrator as reasonable and necessary under paragraphs (a), (b), and 
(c) of this section, may be included in the written instructions 
furnished to vehicle owners under paragraph (a) of this section: 
Provided, That such instructions clearly state, in a form approved by 
the Administrator, that the owner need not perform such inspections or 
recommended maintenance in order to maintain the emission warranty or 
manufacturer recall liability.
    (e) If the vehicle has been granted an alternative useful life 
period under the provisions of Sec. 86.087-21(f), the manufacturer may 
choose to include in such instructions an explanation of the distinction 
between the alternative useful life specified on the label, and the 
emissions defect and emissions performance warranty period. The 
explanation must clearly state that the useful life period specified on 
the label represents the average period of use up to retirement or 
rebuild for the engine family represented by the engine used in the 
vehicle. An explanation of how the actual useful lives of engines used 
in various applications are expected to differ from the average useful 
life may be included. The explanation(s) shall be in clear, non-
technical language that is understandable to the ultimate purchaser.
    (f) If approved by the Administrator, the instructions provided to 
purchasers under paragraph (a) of this section shall indicate what 
adjustments or modifications, if any, are necessary to allow the vehicle 
to meet applicable emission standards at elevations above 4,000 feet, or 
at elevations of 4,000 feet or less.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10693, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 24610, July 7, 1986]



Sec. 86.088-2  Definitions.

    The definitions in Sec. 86.085-2 remain effective. The definitions 
in this section apply beginning with the 1988 model year.
    Composite NOX standard, for a manufacturer which elects 
to average light-duty trucks subject to the NOX standard of 
Sec. 86.088-9(a)(iii)(A) together with those subject to the 
NOX standard of Sec. 86.088-9(a)(iii)(B) in the light-duty 
truck NOX averaging program, means that standard calculated 
according to the following equation and rounded to the nearest one-tenth 
gram per mile:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.006

Where:
PRODA = The manufacturer's total light-duty truck production 
for those engine families subject to the standard of Sec. 86.088-
9(a)(iii)(A) and included in the average for a given model year,
STDA = The NOX standard of Sec. 86.088-
9(a)(iii)(A),

[[Page 77]]

PRODB = The manufacturer's total light-duty truck production 
for those engine families subject to the standard of Sec. 86.088-
9(a)(iii)(B) and included in the average for a given model year, and
STDB = The NOX standard of Sec. 86.088-
9(a)(iii)(B).

    Critical emission-related components are those components which are 
designed primarily for emission control, or whose failure may result in 
a significant increase in emissions accompanied by no significant 
impairment (or perhaps even an improvement) in performance, 
driveability, and/or fuel economy as determined by the Administrator.
    Critical emission-related maintenance means that maintenance to be 
performed on critical emission-related components.
    Emission-related maintenance means that maintenance which does 
substantially affect emissions or which is likely to affect the 
emissions deterioration of the vehicle or engine during normal in-use 
operation, even if the maintenance is performed at some time other than 
that which is recommended.
    Family NOX emission limit means the NOX 
emission level to which an engine family is certified in the light-duty 
truck NOX averaging program, expressed to one-tenth of a gram 
per mile accuracy.
    Non-emission-related maintenance means that maintenance which does 
not substantially affect emissions and which does not have a lasting 
effect on the emissions deterioration of the vehicle or engine during 
normal in-use operation once the maintenance is performed.
    Production-weighted NOX average means the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average NOX emission level, for 
certification purposes, of all of its light-duty truck engine families 
included in the NOX averaging program. It is calculated at 
the end of the model year by multiplying each family NOX 
emission limit by its respective production, summing those terms, and 
dividing the sum by the total production of the effected families. Those 
vehicles produced for sale in California or at high altitude shall each 
be averaged separately from those produced for sale in any other area.
    Production-weighted particulate average means the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average particulate emission level, for 
certification purposes, of all of its diesel engine families included in 
the particulate averaging program. It is calculated at the end of the 
model year by multiplying each family particulate emission limit by its 
respective production, summing those terms, and dividing the sum by the 
total production of the effected families. Those vehicles produced for 
sale in California or at high altitude shall each be averaged separately 
from those produced for sale in any other area.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10648, Mar. 15, 1985]



Sec. 86.088-10  Emission standards for 1988 and 1989 model year gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 1988 and later model year 
gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed:
    (i) For engines intended for use in all vehicles except as provided 
in paragraph (a)(3) of this paragraph,
    (A) Hydrocarbons. 1.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour, as measured 
under transient operating conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour, as 
measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) Gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment 
technology. 0.50 percent of exhause gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. 10.6 grams per brake horsepower-hour, as 
measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) For engines intended for use only in vehicles with a Gross 
Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 pounds,
    (A) Hydrocarbons. 1.9 grams per brake horsepower-hour, as measured 
under transient operating conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour as 
measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) Gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment 
technology. 0.50

[[Page 78]]

percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. 10.6 grams per brake horsepower-hour, as 
measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over the operating schedule set forth in 
paragraph (f)(1) of appendix I to this part, and measured and calculated 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in subparts N or P.
    (3)(i) A manufacturer may certify one or more gasoline-fueled heavy-
duty engine configurations intended for use in all vehicles to the 
emission standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this paragraph: 
Provided, That the total model year sales of such configuration(s) being 
certified to the emission standards in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this 
section represent no more than 5 percent of total model year sales of 
all gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines intended for use in vehicles with 
a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds by the 
manufacturer.
    (ii) The configurations certified to the emission standards of 
paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section under the provisions of paragraph 
(a)(3)(i) of this section shall still be required to meet the 
evaporative emission standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A) and 
(b)(2)(i) of this section.
    (b)(1) Evaporative emissions from 1988 and later model year 
gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed:
    (i) Hydrocarbons. (A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight 
Rating of up to 14,000 pounds, 3.0 grams per test.
    (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 pounds, 4.0 grams per test.
    (2)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart M and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 pounds, the standard set forth in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) of this 
section refers to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using 
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.088-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1988 or later model year gasoline-fueled heavy-
duty engine.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart N or P of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10651, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 52 FR 47864, Dec. 16, 1987]



Sec. 86.090-1  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart apply to: 1990 and later model 
year new Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty vehicles; 1990 and later model 
year new Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty trucks; and, 1990 and later 
model year new Otto-cycle and diesel heavy-duty engines.
    (b) Optional applicability. A manufacturer may request to certify 
any heavy-duty vehicle of 10,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight Rating or 
less to the light-duty truck provisions. Heavy-duty engine or vehicle 
provisions do not apply to such a vehicle.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Alternative Durability Program. For 1990 and later model year 
light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a manufacturer may elect to 
participate in the Alternative Durability Program. This optional program 
provides an alternative method of determining exhaust emission control 
system durability. The general procedures and a description of the 
programs are contained in Sec. 86.085-13 and specific provisions on test 
vehicles and compliance procedures are contained in Sec. 86.085-24 and 
Sec. 86.088-28 respectively.

[[Page 79]]

    (e) Small-Volume Manufacturers. Special certification procedures are 
available for any manufacturer whose projected combined U.S. sales of 
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines in its 
product line are fewer than 10,000 units for the model year in which the 
manufacturer seeks certification. In order to certify its product line 
under these optional procedures, the small-volume manufacturer must 
first obtain the Administrator's approval. Vehicles produced at 
facilities leased, operated, controlled, supervised, or is ten percent 
or greater part owned by the manufacturer shall be counted in 
calculating the total sales of the manufacturer. The small-volume 
manufacturer's certification procedures are described in Sec. 86.090-14.
    (f) Optional Procedures for Determining Exhaust Opacity. (1) The 
provisions of subpart I apply to tests which are performed by the 
Administrator, and optionally, by the manufacturer.
    (2) Measurement procedures, other than that described in subpart I, 
may be used by the manufacturer provided the manufacturer satisfies the 
requirements of Sec. 86.090-23(f).
    (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use an alternative measurement 
procedure it has the responsibility to determine whether the results 
obtained by the procedure will correlate with the results which would be 
obtained from the measurement procedure in subpart I. Consequently, the 
Administrator will not routinely approve or disapprove any alternative 
opacity measurement procedure or any associated correlation data which 
the manufacturer elects to use to satisfy the data requirements of 
subpart I.
    (4) If a confirmatory test(s) is performed and the results indicate 
there is a systematic problem suggesting that the data generated under 
an optional alternative measurement procedure do not adequately 
correlate with subpart I data, EPA may require that all certificates of 
conformity not already issued be based on data from subpart I 
procedures.

[54 FR 14459, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.090-2  Definitions.

    The definitions in Sec. 86.088-2 remain effective. The definitions 
in this section apply beginning with the 1990 model year.
    Averaging for heavy-duty engines means the exchange of 
NOX and particulate emission credits among engine families 
within a given manufacturer's product line.
    Averaging set means a subcategory of heavy-duty engines within which 
engine families can average and trade emission credits with one other.
    Banking means the retention of heavy-duty engine NOX and 
particulate emission credits, by the manufacturer generating the 
emission credits, for use in future model year certification programs as 
permitted by regulation.
    Composite particulate standard, for a manufacturer which elects to 
average light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks together in either the 
petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled light-duty particulate averaging 
program, means that standards calculated using the following equation 
and rounded to the nearest one-hundredth (0.01) of a gram per mile:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.007

Where:
PRODLDV represents the manufacturer's total petroleum-fueled 
diesel or methanol-fueled diesel light-duty vehicle production for those 
engine families being included in the appropriate average for a given 
model year.
STDLDV represents the light-duty vehicle particulate 
standard.
PRODLDT represents the manufacturer's total petroleum-fueled 
diesel or methanol-fueled diesel light-duty truck production for those 
engine families being included in the appropriate average for a given 
model year.

[[Page 80]]

STDLDT represents the light-duty truck particulate standard.

    Dedicated vehicle (or engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor 
vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated using a single 
fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles and multi-fuel vehicles are not dedicated 
vehicles.
    Diesel means type of engine with operating characteristics 
significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The 
non-use of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of a diesel 
engine.
    Dual fuel vehicle (or engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor 
vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on two different 
fuels, but not on a mixture of fuels.
    Emission credits mean the amount of emission reductions or 
exceedances, by a heavy-duty engine family, below or above the emission 
standard, respectively. Emission credits below the standard are 
considered as ``positive credits,'' while emission credits above the 
standard are considered as ``negative credits.'' In addition, 
``projected credits'' refer to emission credits based on the projected 
U.S. production volume of the engine family. ``Reserved credits'' are 
emission credits generated within a model year waiting to be reported to 
EPA at the end of the model year. ``Actual credits'' refer to emission 
credits based on actual U.S. production volumes as contained in the end-
of-year reports submitted to EPA. Some or all of these credits may be 
revoked if EPA review of the end of year reports or any subsequent audit 
actions uncover problems or errors.
    Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the 
manufacturer which serves in lieu of an emission standard for 
certification purposes in any of the averaging, trading, or banking 
programs. FELs must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as 
the applicable emission standard. The FEL for an engine family using 
NOX or particulate NCPs must equal the value of the current 
NOX or particulate emission standard.
    Flexible fuel vehicle (or engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor 
vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on any mixture of 
two or more different fuels.
    Methanol-fueled means any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine that 
is engineered and designed to be operated using methanol fuel (i.e., a 
fuel that contains at least 50 percent methanol (CH3OH) by 
volume) as fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles are methanol-fueled vehicles.
    Non-oxygenated hydrocarbon means organic emissions measured by a 
flame ionization detector, excluding methanol.
    Otto-cycle means type of engine with operating characteristics 
significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. The use 
of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of an Otto-cycle 
engine.
    Primary intended service class means:
    (a) The primary service application group for which a heavy-duty 
diesel engine is designed and marketed, as determined by the 
manufacturer. The primary intended service classes are designated as 
light, medium, and heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. The determination is 
based on factors such as vehicle GVW, vehicle usage and operating 
patterns, other vehicle design characteristics, engine horsepower, and 
other engine design and operating characteristics.
    (1) Light heavy-duty diesel engines usually are non-sleeved and not 
designed for rebuild; their rated horsepower generally ranges from 70 to 
170. Vehicle body types in this group might include any heavy-duty 
vehicle built for a light-duty truck chassis, van trucks, multi-stop 
vans, recreational vehicles, and some single axle straight trucks. 
Typical applications would include personal transportation, light-load 
commercial hauling and delivery, passenger service, agriculture, and 
construction. The GVWR of these vehicles is normally less than 19,500 
lbs.
    (2) Medium heavy-duty diesel engines may be sleeved or non-sleeved 
and may be designed for rebuild. Rated horsepower generally ranges from 
170 to 250. Vehicle body types in this group would typically include 
school buses, tandem axle straight trucks, city tractors, and a variety 
of special purpose vehicles such as small dump trucks, and trash 
compactor trucks. Typical applications would include commercial short 
haul

[[Page 81]]

and intra-city delivery and pickup. Engines in this group are normally 
used in vehicles whose GVWR varies from 19,500-33,000 lbs.
    (3) Heavy heavy-duty diesel engines are sleeved and designed for 
multiple rebuilds. Their rated horsepower generally exceeds 250. 
Vehicles in this group are normally tractors, trucks, and buses used in 
inter-city, long-haul applications. These vehicles normally exceed 
33,000 lbs. GVWR.
    Production weighted particulate average means the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average particulate emission level, for 
certification purposes, of all of its diesel engine families included in 
the light-duty particulate averaging program. It is calculated at the 
end of the model year by multiplying each family particulate emission 
limit by its respective production, summing those terms, and dividing 
the sum by the total production of the effected families. Those vehicles 
produced for sale in California or at high altitude shall each be 
averaged separately from those produced for sale in any other area.
    Throttle means a device used to control an engine's power output by 
limiting the amount of air entering the combustion chamber.
    Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass 
emissions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, methanol, formaldehyde or 
other organic compounds that are separately measured, expressed as 
gasoline-fueled vehicle hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, 
the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. In 
the case of diurnal and hot soak emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon 
ratios of the equivalent hydrocarbons are 2.33:1 and 2.2:1, 
respectively.
    Trading means the exchange of heavy-duty engine NOX or 
particulate emission credits between manufacturers.
    Useful life means:
    (a) For light-duty vehicles a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 
miles, whichever first occurs.
    (b) For a light-duty truck engine family, a period of use of 11 
years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (c) For an Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine family, a period of use of 8 
years of 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (d) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family:
    (1) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, period of use of 8 years or 
110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (2) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years 
or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (3) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years 
or 290,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (e) As an option for both light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine 
families, an alternative useful life period assigned by the 
Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (f) of Sec. 86.090-21.
    (f) The useful-life period for purposes of the emissions defect 
warranty and emissions performance warranty shall be a period of 5 
years/50,000 miles whichever first occurs, for light-duty trucks, Otto 
cycle heavy-duty engines and light heavy-duty diesel engines. For all 
other heavy-duty diesel engines the aforementioned period is 5 years/
100,000 miles, whichever first occurs. However, in no case may this 
period be less than the manufacturer's basic mechanical warranty period 
for the engine family.

[55 FR 30612, July 26, 1990, as amended at 60 FR 34334, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 31233, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.090-3  Abbreviations.

    (a) The abbreviations in Sec. 86.078-3 remain effective. The 
abbreviations in this section apply beginning with the 1990 model year.
    (b) The abbreviations in this section apply to this subpart, and 
also to subparts B, E, F, M, N, and P of this part, and have the 
following meanings:

DNPH--2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
FEL--Family emission limit.
GC--Gas chromatograph.
HPLC--High-pressure liquid chromatography.
MeOH--Methanol (CH3OH).
Mg--Megagram(s) (1 million grams)
MJ--Megajoule(s) (1 million joules)
THCE--Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent
UV--Ultraviolet.

[55 FR 30613, July 26, 1990, as amended at 60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995]

[[Page 82]]



Sec. 86.090-5  General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.

    (a)(1) Every new motor vehicle (or new motor vehicle engine) 
manufactured for sale, sold, offered for sale, introduced, or delivered 
for introduction to commerce, or imported into the United States for 
sale or resale which is subject to any of the standards prescribed in 
this subpart shall be covered by a certificate of conformity issued 
pursuant to Secs. 86.090-21, 86.090-22, 86.090-23, 86.090-29, 86.090-30, 
86.079-31, 86.079-32, 86.079-33, and 86.082-34.
    (2) No heavy-duty vehicle manufacturer shall take any of the actions 
specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act with respect to any Otto-cycle 
or diesel heavy-duty vehicle which uses an engine which has not been 
certified as meeting applicable standards.
    (3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section, a 
light or heavy duty motor vehicle equipped with an engine certified to 
the nonroad provision of 40 CFR part 89 may be sold, offered for sale or 
otherwise introduced into commerce by a motor vehicle manufacturer to a 
secondary manufacturer if the motor vehicle manufacturer obtains written 
assurance from the secondary manufacturer that such vehicle will be 
converted to a nonroad vehicle or to a piece of nonroad equipment, as 
defined in 40 CFR part 89, before title is transferred to an ultimate 
purchaser. Failure of the secondary manufacturer to convert such 
vehicles to nonroad vehicles or equipment prior to transfer to an 
ultimate purchaser shall be considered a violation of section 203(a) (1) 
and (3) of the Clean Air Act.
    (b)(1) Any system installed on or incorporated in a new motor 
vehicle (or new motor vehicle engine) to enable such vehicle (or engine) 
to conform to standards imposed by this subpart.
    (i) Shall not in its operation or function cause the emission into 
the ambient air of any noxious or toxic substance that would not be 
emitted in the operation of such vehicle (or engine) without such 
system, except as specifically permitted by regulation; and
    (ii) Shall not in its operation, function or malfunction result in 
any unsafe condition endangering the motor vehicle, its occupants, or 
persons or property in close proximity to the vehicle.
    (2) In establishing the physically adjustable range of each 
adjustable parameter on a new motor vehicle (or new motor vehicle 
engine), the manufacturer shall ensure that, taking into consideration 
the production tolerances, safe vehicle driveability characteristics are 
available within that range, as required by section 202(a)(4) of the 
Clean Air Act.
    (3) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicles (or new motor vehicle 
engines) subject to any of the standards imposed by this subpart shall, 
prior to taking any of the actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the 
Act, test or cause to be tested motor vehicles (or motor vehicle 
engines) in accordance with good engineering practice to ascertain that 
such test vehicles (or test engines) will meet the requirements of this 
section for the useful life of the vehicle (or engine).

[54 FR 14460, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 61 FR 58106, Nov. 12, 1996]



Sec. 86.090-8  Emission standards for 1990 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from 1990 and later model year light-duty 
vehicles shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is optional 
for 1990 model year methanol-fueled vehicles):
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel 
vehicles). 0.41 gram per vehicle mile (0.26 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and 
diesel vehicles). 0.41 gram per vehicle mile (0.26 gram per vehicle 
kilometer).
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. 3.4 grams per vehicle mile (2.1 grams per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (iii) Oxides of nitrogen. 1.0 gram per vehicle mile (0.63 gram per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (iv) Particulate (for diesel vehicles only).
    (A) 0.20 gram per vehicle mile (0.12 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) A manufacturer may elect to include all or some of its diesel 
light-

[[Page 83]]

duty vehicle engine families in the appropriate particulate averaging 
program (petroleum or methanol), provided that vehicles produced for 
sale in California or in designated high-altitude areas may be averaged 
only within each of these areas. Averaging is not permitted between fuel 
types. If the manufacturer elects to average light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks together in the appropriate particulate averaging 
program, its composite particulate standard applies to the combined set 
of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks included in the average and 
is calculated as defined in Sec. 86.090-2.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as set forth in 
subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in accordance with 
those procedures.
    (b) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1990 and later model year light-
duty vehicles shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is 
optional for l990 model year methanol-fueled engines):
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled vehicles). 2.0 grams per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 2.0 
grams carbon per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refers to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1990 and later model year Otto-cycle or methanol-
fueled diesel light-duty vehicle.
    (d)-(f) [Reserved]
    (g) Any 1990 and later model year light-duty vehicle that a 
manufacturer wishes to certify for sale shall meet the emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions as specified in 
Sec. 86.082-2, except as provided in paragraphs (h) and (i) of this 
section. Vehicles shall meet emission standards under both low- and 
high-altitude conditions without manual adjustments or modifications. 
Any emission control device used to meet emission standards under high-
altitude conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher 
than 4,000 feet above sea level.
    (h) The manufacturer may exempt 1990 and later model year vehicles 
from compliance at high altitude with the emission standards set forth 
in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the vehicles are not 
intended for sale at high altitude and if the requirements of paragraphs 
(h) (1) and (2) of this section are met.
    (1) A vehicle configuration shall only be considered eligible for 
exemption under paragraph (h) of this section if the requirements of 
either paragraph (h) (l) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section are 
met.
    (i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and 
engine speed-to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted 
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is 
determined according to the following procedure:
    (A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data 
of all vehicle configurations it will offer for the model year in 
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine 
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the equivalent 
vehicle test weight expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate 
shall be N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions 
per minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At 
the manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N/V. The gear selection must be the same for all N/V data 
points on the manufacturer's graph. For each transmission/axle ratio 
combination, only the lowest N/V value shall be used in the graphical 
display.
    (B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V=C(D/
W)-\0\.\9\, where the constant, C, is determined 
by the requirement that all the vehicle data points either fall on the 
line or lie to the upper right of the line as displayed on the graphs.
    (C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V=C(0.84 
D/W)-\0\.\9\, where the constant, C is the

[[Page 84]]

same as that found in paragraph (h)(1)(i)(B) of this section.
    (D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which 
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on 
the graph.
    (ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range 
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is 
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in 
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section 
and by using the product line N/V=C(hp/W)-\0\.\9\.
    (A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of 
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349, or any subsequent version of 
that test procedure. Any of the horsepower determinants within that test 
procedure may be used, as long as it is used consistently throughout the 
manufacturer's product line in any model year.
    (B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this 
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle configurations as 
set forth in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to 
accelerate from 0 miles per hour to a speed not less than 40 miles per 
hour and not greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude 
conditions is greater than the largest acceleration time under low-
altitude conditions for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure 
to be followed in making this determination is:
    (A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle configuration and 
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle 
configuration which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude 
conditions of all the vehicle configurations it will offer for the model 
year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description of 
the methodology used to make this determination.
    (B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle configurations and 
acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those vehicle 
configurations which have higher acceleration times under high-altitude 
conditions than the highest acceleration time at low altitude identified 
in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.
    (iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraphs 
(h)(1)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section, its acceleration time can be 
estimated based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in 
accordance with good engineering practice, to meet the exemption 
criteria of paragraph (h)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (2) A vehicle shall only be considered eligible for exemption under 
this paragraph if at least one configuration of its model type (and 
transmission configuration in the case of vehicles equipped with manual 
transmissions, excluding differences due to the presence of overdrive) 
is certified to meet emission standards under high-altitude conditions 
as specified in paragraph (a) through (g) of this section. The 
Certificate of Conformity (the Certificate) covering any exempted 
configuration(s) will also apply to the corresponding non-exempt 
configuration(s) required under this subparagraph. As a condition to the 
exemption, any suspension, revocation, voiding, or withdrawal of the 
Certificate as it applies to a non-exempt configuration for any reason 
will result in a suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding exempted configuration(s) of that model type, unless there 
is at least one other corresponding non-exempt configuration of the same 
model type still covered by the Certificate. The suspension of the 
Certificate as it applies to the exempted configuration(s) will be 
terminated when any one of the following occurs:
    (i) Another corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) receive(s) 
coverage under the Certificate; or
    (ii) Suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) is terminated; or
    (iii) The Agency's action(s), with respect to suspension, 
revocation, voiding or withdrawal of the Certificate as it applies to 
the corresponding non-exempt configuration(s), is reversed.
    (3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph (h) 
of this section will be considered a violation of Section 203(a)(1) of 
the Clean Air Act.

[[Page 85]]

    (i)(1) The manufacturers may exempt 1990 and later model year 
vehicles from compliance at low altitude with the emission standards set 
forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the vehicles:
    (i) Are not intended for sale at low altitude; and
    (ii) Are equipped with a unique, high-altitude axle ratio (rear-
wheel drive vehicles) or a unique, high-altitude drivetrain (front-wheel 
drive vehicles) with a higher N/V ratio than other configurations of 
that model type which are certified in compliance with the emission 
standards of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (2) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at low altitude that has 
been exempted as set forth in paragraph (h)(1) of this section will be 
considered a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.

[54 FR 14461, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.090-9  Emission standards for 1990 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    (a)(1) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this 
section shall apply to light-duty trucks sold for principal use at other 
than a designated high-altitude location. Exhaust emissions from 1990 
and later model year light-duty trucks shall not exceed (compliance with 
these standards is optional for 1990 model year methanol-fueled 
vehicles):
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel 
light-duty trucks). 0.80 gram per vehicle mile (0.50 gram per vehicle 
kilometer).
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and 
diesel light-duty trucks). 0.80 gram per vehicle mile (0.50 gram per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. (A) 10 grams per vehicle mile (6.2 grams per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (for Otto-cycle 
and methanol-fueled diesel light-duty trucks only).
    (iii) Oxides of nitrogen. (A) For light-duty trucks up to and 
including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 1.2 grams per vehicle mile 
(0.75 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks greater loaded vehicle weight, 1.7 grams 
per vehicle mile (1.1 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include all or some of its light-
duty truck engine families in the NOX averaging program, 
provided that trucks produced for sale in California or in designated 
high-altitude areas may be averaged only within each of those areas. 
Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled engine families may not be averaged 
together. Otto-cycle and diesel engines families also may not be 
averaged together. If the manufacturer elects to participate in the 
NOX averaging program, individual family NOX 
emission limits may not exceed 2.3 grams per mile. If the manufacturer 
elects to average together NOX emissions of light-duty trucks 
subject to the standards of paragraphs (a)(1)(iii)(A) and (a)(1)(iii)(B) 
of this section, its composite NOX standard applies to the 
combined fleets of light-duty trucks up to and including, and over, 
3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight included in the average and is 
calculated as defined in Sec. 86.088-2.
    (iv) Particulate (for diesel light-duty trucks only). (A) For light-
duty trucks up to and including 3,750 lbs. loaded vehicle weight, 0.26 
gram per vehicle mile (0.16 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs and greater loaded vehicle 
weight, 0.45 gram per vehicle mile (0.28 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include all or some of its diesel 
light-duty truck engine families subject to the standard of paragraph 
(a)(1)(w)(A) of this section in the appropriate particulate averaging 
program (petroleum or methanol), provided that trucks produced for sale 
in California or in designated high-altitude areas may be averaged only 
within each of those areas. Averaging is not permitted between fuel 
types. If the manufacturer elects to average both light-duty trucks 
subject to the standard of paragraph (a)(1)(w)(A) of this section and 
light-duty vehicles together in the appropriate particulate averaging 
program, its composite particulate standard applies to the combined set 
of light-duty vehicles and light-duty

[[Page 86]]

trucks included in the average and is calculated as defined in 
Sec. 86.088-2.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii)(A), 
(a)(1)(iii), and (a)(1)(iv) of this section refer to the exhaust emitted 
over a driving schedule as set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures. The 
standard set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this section refers to 
the exhaust emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in 
accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (b) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1990 and later model year light-
duty trucks shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is 
optional for 1990 model year methanol-fueled vehicles):
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.0 grams 
per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty 
trucks). 2.0 grams per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1990 and later model year light-duty truck.
    (d)(1) Model year 1990 and later light-duty trucks sold for 
principal use at a designated high-altitude location shall be capable of 
meeting the following exhaust emission standards when tested under high-
altitude conditions:
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel 
light-duty trucks). 1.0 grams per vehicle mile (0.62 grams per vehicle 
kilometer).
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and 
diesel light-duty trucks). 1.0 gram per vehicle mile (0.62 gram per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (ii) Carbon Monoxide. (A) 14 grams per vehicle mile (8.7 grams per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (for Otto-cycle 
and methanol-fueled diesel light-duty trucks only).
    (iii) Oxides of Nitrogen. (A) For light-duty trucks up to and 
including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 1.2 grams per vehicle mile 
(0.75 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs and greater loaded vehicle 
weight, 1.7 grams per vehicle mile (1.1 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (iv) Particulate (for diesel light-duty trucks only). For light-duty 
trucks up to and including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 0.26 gram 
per vehicle mile (0.16 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii)(A), 
(d)(1)(iii), and (d)(1)(iv) of this section refer to the exhaust emitted 
over a driving schedule as set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures. The 
standard set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(B) of this section refers to 
the exhaust emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in 
accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (e) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1990 and later model year light-
duty trucks sold for principal use at a designated high-altitude 
location, when tested under high-altitude conditions, shall not exceed:
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.6 grams 
per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty 
trucks). 2.6 grams per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (e) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (f) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1990 and later model year light-duty trucks sold for 
principal use at a designated high-altitude location.
    (g)(1) Any light-duty truck that a manufacturer wishes to certify 
for sale at low altitude must be capable of meeting high-altitude 
emission standards (specified in paragraphs (d) through (f) of this 
section). The manufacturer may specify vehicle adjustments or 
modifications to allow the vehicle to meet high-altitude standards but 
these adjustments or modifications

[[Page 87]]

may not alter the vehicle's basic engine, inertia weight class, 
transmission configuration, and axle ratio.
    (i) A manufacturer may certify unique configurations to meet the 
high-altitude standards but is not required to certify these vehicle 
configurations to meet the low-altitude standards.
    (ii) Any adjustments or modifications that are recommended to be 
performed on vehicles to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (g)(1) of 
this section:
    (A) Shall be capable of being effectively performed by commercial 
repair facilities, and
    (B) Must be included in the manufacturer's application for 
certification.
    (2) The manufacturer may exempt 1990 and later model year vehicles 
from compliance with the high-altitude emission standards set forth in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section if the vehicles are not intended 
for sale at high altitude and if the following requirements are met. A 
vehicle configuration shall only be considered eligible for exemption if 
the requirements of either paragraph (g)(2) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of 
this section are met.
    (i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and 
engine speed to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted 
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is 
determined according to the following procedure:
    (A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data 
of all vehicle configurations it will offer for the model year in 
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine 
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the gross vehicle 
weight (GVW) expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate shall be 
N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions per 
minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At the 
manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N-V. The gear selection must be the same for all N/V data 
points on the manufacturer's graph. For each transmission/axle ratio 
combination, only the lowest N/V value shall be used in the graphical 
display.
    (B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(D/
W)-0.9, where the constant, C, is determined by the 
requirement that all the vehicle data points either fall on the line or 
lie to the upper right of the line as displayed on the graphs.
    (C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(0.84 
D/W)-0.9, where the constant, C is the same as that found in 
paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B) of this section.
    (D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which 
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on 
the graph.
    (ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range 
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is 
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in 
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section 
and by using the product line N/V = C(hp/W)-0.9.
    (A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of 
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349, or any subsequent version of 
that test procedure. Any of the horsepower determinants within that test 
procedure may be used, as long as it is used consistently throughout the 
manufacturer s product line in any model year.
    (B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this 
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle configurations as 
set forth in paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to 
accelerate from 0 to a speed not less than 40 miles per hour and not 
greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude conditions is 
greater than the largest acceleration time under low-altitude conditions 
for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure to be followed in 
making this determination is:
    (A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle configuration and 
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle 
configuration which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude 
conditions of all the vehicle configurations it will offer for the

[[Page 88]]

model year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description 
of the methodology used to make this determination.
    (B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle configurations and 
acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those vehicle 
configurations which have higher acceleration times under high-altitude 
conditions than the highest acceleration time at low altitude identified 
in paragraph (g)(2)(iii)(A) of this section.
    (iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraph 
(g)(2)(iii) of this section, its acceleration time can be estimated 
based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in accordance with 
good engineering practice, to meet the exemption criteria of paragraph 
(g)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph 
(g)(2) of this section will be considered a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.

[52 FR 47865, Dec. 16, 1987, as amended at 54 FR 14462, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.090-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    (a) The small-volume manufacturers certification procedures 
described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section are optional. Small-
volume manufacturers may use these optional procedures to demonstrate 
compliance with the general standards and specific emission requirements 
contained in this subpart.
    (b)(1) The optional small-volume manufacturers certification 
procedures apply to light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-
duty engines produced by manufacturers with U.S. sales (for the model 
year in which certification is sought) of fewer than 10,000 units 
(light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines 
combined).
    (2) For the purpose of determining the applicability of paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section, where there is more than one importer or 
distributor of vehicles and/or engines manufactured by the same person, 
the sales the Administrator shall use shall be the aggregate of the 
projected or actual sales of those vehicles and/or engines by all of the 
importers and distributors.
    (c) Small-volume manufacturers shall demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable sections of this subpart as follows:
    (1) Sections 86.090-1, 86.088-2, 86.090-3, 86.084-4, 86.090-5, 
86.078-6, 86.078-7, and 86.090-8 through 86.090-11 are applicable.
    (2) Section 86.080-12 is not applicable.
    (3) Sections 86.085-13, 86.090-14, 86.084-15, and 86.085-20 are 
applicable.
    (4) Small-volume manufacturers shall include in its records all of 
the information that EPA requires in Sec. 86.090-21. This information 
will be considered part of the manufacturer's application for 
certification. However, the manufacturer is not required to submit the 
information to the Administrator unless the Administrator requests it.
    (5) Section 86.085-22 is applicable except as noted below.
    (i) Small-volume light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck 
manufacturers may satisfy the requirements of paragraph (e) of 
Sec. 86.085-22 by including a statement of compliance on adjustable 
parameters in the application for certification. In the statement of 
compliance the manufacturer shall state that the limits, stops, seals, 
or other means used to inhibit adjustment have been designed to 
accomplish their intended purpose based on good engineering practice and 
past experience. If the vehicle parameter is adjustable the vehicle must 
meet emission standards with the parameter set any place within the 
adjustable range (reference Sec. 86.090-21).
    (ii) Paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of Sec. 86.085-22 are not 
applicable.
    (6) Section 86.090-23 is applicable.
    (7) Section 86.085-24 is applicable except as noted below.
    (i) Small-volume manufacturers may satisfy the requirements of 
paragraphs (b) and (c) of Sec. 86.085-24 by:
    (A) Selecting emission-data test vehicles (engines) by the worst 
case emissions criteria as follows:
    (1) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. The test vehicle 
shall be selected based on the following criteria: The manufacturer 
shall select the heaviest (including options) vehicle within the family. 
Then within that vehicle it shall select, in the order listed,

[[Page 89]]

the largest frontal area, largest displacement, the highest numerical 
axle ratio with the largest tire offered in the engine family, and the 
maximum fuel flow calibration.
    (2) Heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines. The manufacturer shall select the 
worst case emission-data engine first based on the largest displacement 
within the engine family. Then within the largest displacement the 
manufacturer shall select, in the order listed, highest fuel flow at the 
speed of maximum rated torque, the engine with the most advance spark 
timing, no EGR or lowest EGR flow, and no air pump or lowest actual flow 
air pump.
    (3) Heavy-duty diesel engines. The manufacturer shall select in each 
engine family the worst case emission data engine based on the highest 
fuel feed per stroke, primarily at the speed of maximum rated torque and 
secondarily at rated speed.
    (B) Testing light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck emission-data 
vehicles at any service accumulation distance less than 6,436 kilometers 
(4,000 miles) or heavy-duty engine emission-data engines at any service 
accumulation time less than 125 hours.
    (C) Using assigned deterioration factors that the Administrator 
determines and prescribes. However, the manufacturer may, at its option, 
accumulate miles (hours) on a durability-data vehicle (engine) and 
complete emission tests for the purpose of establishing its own 
deterioration factor.
    (ii) Paragraphs (d) and (e) of Sec. 86.085-24 are not applicable.
    (8) Section 86.090-25 is applicable to durability-data light-duty 
vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines if the manufacturer 
does not use assigned deterioration factors.
    (9) Sections 86.084-26 and 86.085-27 are not applicable.
    (10) Sections 86.090-28 and 86.090-29 are applicable.
    (11)(i) Section 86.090-30 of this subpart is applicable, except for 
paragraphs (a)(2) and (b) of that section. In the place of these 
paragraphs, small-volume manufacturers shall comply with paragraphs 
(c)(11) (ii) through (v) of this section.
    (ii) Small-volume manufacturers shall submit an application for 
certification containing the following:
    (A) The names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the persons the 
manufacturer authorizes to communicate with us.
    (B) A brief description of the vehicles (or engines) covered by the 
certificate (the manufacturers' sales data book or advertising, 
including specifications, may satisfy this requirement for most 
manufacturers). The description shall include, as a minimum, the 
following items as applicable:
    (1) Engine families and vehicle (or engine) configurations.
    (2) Vehicle or engine models to be listed on the certificate of 
conformity.
    (3) The test weight and horsepower setting for each vehicle or 
engine configuration.
    (4) Projected sales.
    (5) Combustion cycle.
    (6) Cooling mechanism.
    (7) Number of cylinders.
    (8) Displacement.
    (9) Fuel system type.
    (10) Number of catalytic converters, volume, and composition.
    (11) Method of air aspiration.
    (12) Thermal reactor characteristics.
    (13) Suppliers' and/or manufacturer's name and model number of any 
emission-related items identified in paragraphs (c)(11)(ii)(B) (1) 
through (12) of this section, if purchased from a supplier or 
manufacturer who uses the items in its own certified vehicles(s) or 
engine(s).
    (14) A list of emission component part numbers.
    (15) Drawings, calibration curves, and descriptions of emission 
related components, including those components regulated under paragraph 
(e) of Sec. 86.085-22, and schematics of hoses and other devices 
connecting these components.
    (16) Vehicle adjustments or modifications necessary for light duty 
trucks to assure that they conform to high altitude standards.
    (17) A description of the light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks 
that are exempted from either the low- or high-altitude emission 
standards, as applicable.

[[Page 90]]

    (C) The results of all emission tests the manufacturer performs to 
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards.
    (D)(1) The following statement signed by the authorized 
representative of the manufacturer: ``The vehicles (or engines) 
described herein have been tested in accordance with [list of the 
applicable subparts A, B, D, I, N, or P] of part 86, title 40, United 
States Code of Federal Regulations, and on the basis of those tests are 
in conformance with that subpart. All of the data and records required 
by that subpart are on file and are available for inspection by the EPA 
Administrator. We project the total U.S. sales of vehicles (engines) 
subject to this subpart to be fewer than 10,000 units.''
    (2) A statement as required by and contained in paragraph (c)(5) of 
Sec. 86.090-14 signed by the authorized representative of the 
manufacturer.
    (3) A statement that the vehicles or engines described in the 
manufacturers application for certification are not equipped with 
auxiliary emission control devices which can be classified as a defeat 
device as defined in Sec. 86.084-2.
    (4) A statement of compliance with section 206(a)(3) of the Clean 
Air Act.
    (5) A statement that, based on the manufacturer's engineering 
evaluation and/or emission testing, the light-duty vehicles comply with 
emission standards at high altitude unless exempt under paragraph (h) of 
Sec. 86.090-8.
    (6) A statement that, based on the manufacturers engineering 
evaluation and/or emission testing, the light-duty trucks sold for 
principle use at designated high-altitude locations comply with the 
high-altitude emission requirements and that all other light-duty trucks 
are at least capable of being modified to meet high altitude standards 
unless exempt under paragraph (g)(2) of Sec. 86.090-9.
    (iii) If the manufacturer meets requirements of this subpart, the 
Administrator will issue a certificate of conformity for the vehicles 
described in the application for certification.
    (iv) The certificate will be issued for such a period not to exceed 
one model year as the Administrator may determine and upon such terms as 
he may deem necessary to assure that any vehicle or engine covered by 
the certificate will meet the requirements of the Act and of this 
subpart.
    (v)(A) If, after a review of the statements and descriptions 
submitted by the manufacturer, the Administrator determines that the 
manufacturer has not met the applicable requirements, the Administrator 
shall notify the manufacturer in writing, setting forth the basis for 
his determination. The manufacturer may request a hearing on the 
Administrator's determination.
    (B) If the manufacturer does not request a hearing or present the 
required information the Administrator will deny certification.
    (12) Sections 86.079-31 and 86.079-32 are not applicable
    (13) Under Sec. 86.079-33, small-volume manufacturers are covered by 
the following:
    (i) Small-volume manufacturers may make production changes (running 
changes) without receiving the Administrator's prior approval. The 
manufacturer shall assure (by conducting emission tests as it deems 
necessary) that the affected vehicles (engines) remain in compliance 
with the requirements of this part.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall notify the Administrator within seven 
days after implementing any production related change (running change) 
that would affect vehicle emissions. This notification shall include any 
changes to the information required under paragraph (c)(11)(ii) of this 
section. The manufacturer shall also amend as necessary its records 
required under paragraph (c)(4) of this section to conform with the 
production design change.
    (14) Section 86.082-34 is not applicable.
    (15) Sections 86.090-35, 86.079-36, 86.082-37, 86.087-38, and 
86.084-39 are applicable.

[54 FR 14466, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.090-21  Application for certification.

    (a) A separate application for a certificate of conformity shall be 
made for each set of standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) and each class of new motor vehicles or new

[[Page 91]]

motor vehicle engines. Such application shall be made to the 
Administrator by the manufacturer and shall be updated and corrected by 
amendment.
    (b) The application shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer, and shall include the following:
    (1)(i) Identification and description of the vehicles (or engines) 
covered by the application and a description of their engine (vehicles 
only), emission control system and fuel system components. This shall 
include a detailed description of each auxiliary emission control device 
(AECD) to be installed in or on any certification test vehicle (or 
certification test engine).
    (ii)(A) The manufacturer shall provide to the Administrator in the 
application for certification:
    (1) A list of those parameters which are physically capable of being 
adjusted (including those adjustable parameters for which access is 
difficult) and that, if adjusted to settings other than the 
manufacturer's recommended setting, may affect emissions;
    (2) A specification of the manufacturer's intended physically 
adjustable range of each such parameter, and the production tolerances 
of the limits or stops used to establish the physically adjustable 
range;
    (3) A description of the limits or stops used to establish the 
manufacturer's intended physically adjustable range of each adjustable 
parameter, or any other means used to inhibit adjustment;
    (4) The nominal or recommended setting, and the associated 
production tolerances, for each such parameter.
    (B) The manufacturer may provide, in the application for 
certification, information relating to why certain parameters are not 
expected to be adjusted in actual use and to why the physical limits or 
stops used to establish the physically adjustable range of each 
parameter, or any other means used to inhibit adjustment, are expected 
to be effective in preventing adjustment of parameters on in-use 
vehicles to settings outside the manufacturer's intended physically 
adjustable ranges. This may include results of any tests to determine 
the difficulty of gaining access to an adjustment or exceeding a limit 
as intended or recommended by the manufacturer.
    (C) The Administrator may require to be provided detailed drawings 
and descriptions of the various emission related components, and/or 
hardware samples of such components, for the purpose of making his 
determination of which vehicle or engine parameter will be subject to 
adjustment for new certification and Selective Enforcement Audit testing 
and of the physically adjustable range for each such vehicle or engine 
parameter.
    (2) Projected U.S. sales data sufficient to enable the Administrator 
to select a test fleet representative of the vehicles (or engines) for 
which certification is requested. The sales data shall also include the 
altitude of intended sale for light-duty trucks.
    (3) A description of the test equipment and fuel proposed to be 
used.
    (4)(i) For light-duty vehicles and light duty trucks, a description 
of the test procedures to be used to establish the evaporative emission 
deterioration factors required to be determined and supplied in 
Sec. 86.090-23(b)(2).
    (ii) For heavy duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled engines, the Administrator does not assume that each 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination will deteriorate in a unique manner during the useful life 
of the vehicle. The manufacturer shall therefore identify those 
evaporative emission deterioration factors which shall be applied to the 
various evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combinations which are expected to exhibit similar deterioration 
characteristics during the useful life of the vehicle.
    (iii)(A) A description of the test procedures to be used to 
establish the durability data or the exhaust emission deterioration 
factors required to be determined and supplied in Sec. 86.088-23(b)(1).
    (B)(1) For engine families provided an alternative useful-life 
period under paragraph (f) of this section, a statement of that 
alternative period and a brief synopsis of the justification.

[[Page 92]]

    (2) For heavy-duty diesel engine families, a statement of the 
primary intended service class (light, medium, or heavy) and an 
explanation as to why that service class was selected. Each diesel 
engine family shall be certified under one primary intended service 
class only. After reviewing the guidance in Sec. 86.085-2, the class 
shall be determined on the basis of which class best represents the 
majority of the sales of that engine family.
    (C)(1) A statement of recommended maintenance and procedures 
necessary to assure that the vehicles (or engines) covered by a 
certificate of conformity in operation conform to the regulations, and a 
description of the program for training of personnel for such 
maintenance, and the equipment required.
    (2) A description of vehicle adjustments or modifications necessary, 
if any, to assure that light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks covered 
by a certificate of conformity conform to the regulations while being 
operated at any altitude locations, and a statement of the altitude at 
which the adjustments or modifications apply.
    (D) At the option of the manufacturer, the proposed composition of 
the emission-data test fleet or (where applicable) the durability-data 
test fleet.
    (5)(i)(A) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the 
particulate averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and/or 
diesel light-duty trucks, the application must list the family 
particulate emission limit and the projected U.S. production volume of 
the family for the model year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family 
particulate emission limits, accurate to one-hundredth of a gram per 
mile.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family diesel particulate emission limit(s) by 
submitting the new limit(s) to the Administrator and by demonstrating 
compliance with the limit(s) as described in Sec. 86.085-2 and 
Sec. 86.088-28(b)(5)(i).
    (ii)(A) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the 
NOX averaging program for light-duty trucks, the application 
must list the family NOX emission limit and the projected 
U.S. production volume of the family for the model year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family 
NOX emission limits, accurate to one-tenth of a gram per 
mile.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family NOX emission limit(s) by 
submitting the new limits to the Administrator and by demonstrating 
compliance with the limit(s) as described in Sec. 86.088-2 and 
Sec. 86.088-28(b)(5)(ii).
    (iii) If the manufacturer elects to participate in any of the 
particulate and/or the NOX banking programs for heavy-duty 
engines, the application must list the information required in 
Secs. 86.091-15 and 86.090-23.
    (6)(i) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, the application must state 
whether the engine family is being certified for use in all vehicles 
regardless of their Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (see Sec. 86.088-10 
(a)(1)(i) and (a)(3)(i)), or, only for use in vehicles with a Gross 
Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 14,000 pounds.
    (ii) If the engine family is being certified for use in all vehicles 
and, is being certified to the emission standards applicable to Otto-
cycle heavy-duty engines for use only in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle 
Weight Rating over 14,000 pounds under the provisions of paragraph 
(a)(3) of Sec. 86.088-10, then the application must also attest that the 
engine family, together with all other engine families being certified 
under the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of Sec. 86.088-10, represent no 
more than 5 percent of model year sales of the manufacturer of all Otto-
cycle heavy duty engines for use in vehicles with Gross Vehicle Weight 
Ratings of up to 14,000 pounds.
    (iii)(A) A description of the test procedures to be used to 
establish the durability data or the exhaust emission deterioration 
factors required to be determined and supplied in Sec. 86.088-23(b)(1).
    (B)(1) A statement of the useful life of use of each light-duty 
truck engine family and heavy-duty engine family.
    (2) For engine families provided an alternative useful life period 
under

[[Page 93]]

paragraph (f) of this section, a statement of that alternative period 
and a brief synopsis of the justification.
    (3) For heavy-duty diesel engine families, a statement of the 
primary intended service class (light, medium, or heavy) and an 
explanation as to why that service class was selected. Each diesel 
engine family shall be certified under one primary intended service 
class only. After reviewing the guidance in Sec. 86.085-2, the class 
shall be determined on the basis of which class best represents the 
majority of the sales of that engine family.
    (7) For each light-duty vehicle engine family, a statement of 
recommended maintenance and procedures necessary to assure that the 
vehicles (or engines) covered by a certificate of conformity in 
operation conform to the regulations, and a description of the program 
for training of personnel for such maintenance and the equipment 
required.
    (8) For each light-duty vehicle engine family, the proposed 
composition of the emission-data test fleet and the durability-data test 
fleet.
    (c) Complete copies of the application and of any amendments 
thereto, and all notifications under Sec. 86.079-32, Sec. 86.079-33, and 
Sec. 86.082-84 shall be submitted in such multiple copies as the 
Administrator may require.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks shall have a maximum completed curb 
weight and maximum completed frontal area specified by the manufacturer.
    (e) For vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines, the manufacturer shall specify a maximum nominal 
fuel tank capacity for each evaporative emission family-evaporative 
emission control system combination.
    (f) Light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine manufacturers who believe 
that the useful life periods of Sec. 86.085-2 are significantly 
unrepresentative for one or more engine families (either too long or too 
short), may petition the Administrator to provide an alternative useful-
life period. This petition must include the full rationale behind the 
request together with any supporting data and other evidence. Based on 
this or other information the Administrator may assign an alternative 
useful-life period. Any petition should be submitted in a timely manner, 
to allow adequate time for a thorough evaluation.

[54 FR 14468, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 30618, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.090-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment for certification and 

          Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of limits, and 
          physically adjustable ranges.

    (a) After a review of the application for certification and any 
other information which the Administrator may require, the Administrator 
may approve the application and select a test fleet in accordance with 
Sec. 86.090-24.
    (b) The Administrator may disapprove in whole or in part an 
application for certification for reasons including incompleteness, 
inaccuracy, inappropriate proposed mileage (or service) accumulation 
procedures, test equipment, or fuel, and incorporation of defeat devices 
in vehicles (or on engines) described by the application.
    (c) Where any part of an application is rejected, the Administrator 
shall notify the manufacturer in writing and set forth the reasons for 
such rejection. Within 30 days following receipt of such notification, 
the manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determination. The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer and shall include a statement 
specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's 
determinations, and data in support of such objections. If, after the 
review of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that 
the request raises a substantial factual issue, he shall provide the 
manufacturer a hearing in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to 
such issue.
    (d)(1) The Administrator does not approve the test procedures for 
establishing the evaporative emission deterioration factors for light-
duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. The manufacturer shall submit the 
procedures as required in Sec. 86.090-21(b)(4)(i) prior to the 
Administrator's selection of the test fleet under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) 
and if such

[[Page 94]]

procedures will involve testing of durability-data vehicles selected by 
the Administrator or elected by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.090-
24(c)(1), prior to initiation of such testing.
    (2) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines only. The Administrator 
does not approve the test procedures for establishing exhaust emission 
deterioration factors. The manufacturer shall submit these procedures 
and determinations as required in Sec. 86.090-21(b)(4)(iii) prior to 
determining the deterioration factors.
    (3) Heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-
fueled engines only. The Administrator does not approve the test 
procedures for establishing the evaporative emission deterioration 
factors. The test procedure will conform to the requirements in 
Sec. 86.090-23(b)(3).
    (e) When the Administrator selects emission-data vehicles for the 
test fleet, he will at the same time determine those vehicle or engine 
parameters which will be subject to adjustment for certification, 
Selective Enforcement Audit and Production Compliance Audit testing, the 
adequacy of the limits, stops, seals, or other means used to inhibit 
adjustment, and the resulting physically adjustable ranges for each such 
parameter and notify the manufacturer of his determinations.
    (1)(i) Except as noted in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section, the 
Administrator may determine to be subject to adjustment the idle fuel-
air mixture parameter on Otto-cycle vehicles (or engines) (carbureted or 
fuel-injected); the choke valve action parameter(s) on carbureted, Otto-
cycle vehicles (or engines); or any parameter on any vehicle (or engine) 
(Otto-cycle or diesel) which is physically capable of being adjusted, 
may significantly affect emissions, and was not present on the 
manufacturer's vehicles (or engines) in the previous model year in the 
same form and function.
    (ii) The Administrator may, in addition, determine to be subject to 
adjustment any other parameters on any vehicle or engine which is 
physically capable of being adjusted and which may significantly affect 
emissions. However, the Administrator may do so only if he has 
previously notified the manufacturer that he might do so and has found, 
at the time he gave this notice, that the intervening period would be 
adequate to permit the development and application of the requisite 
technology, giving appropriate consideration to the cost of compliance 
within such period. In no event will this notification be given later 
than September 1 of the calendar year two years prior to the model year.
    (iii) In determining the parameters subject to adjustment the 
Administrator will consider the likelihood that, for each of the 
parameters listed in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (e)(1)(ii) of this 
section, settings other than the manufacturer's recommended setting will 
occur on in-use vehicles (or engines). In determining likelihood, the 
Administrator may consider such factors as, but not limited to, 
information contained in the preliminary application, surveillance 
information from similar in-use vehicles (or engines), the difficulty 
and cost of gaining access to an adjustment, damage to the vehicle (or 
engine) if an attempt is made to gain such access and the need to 
replace parts following such attempt, and the effect of settings other 
than the manufacturer's recommended setting on vehicle (or engine) 
performance characteristics including emission characteristics.
    (iv) Manual chokes of heavy-duty engines only will not be considered 
a parameter subject to adjustment under the parameter adjustment 
requirements.
    (2)(i) The Administrator shall determine a parameter to be 
adequately inaccessible or sealed if:
    (A) In the case of an idle mixture screw, the screw is recessed 
within the carburetor casting and sealed with lead, thermosetting 
plastic, or an inverted elliptical spacer or sheared off after 
adjustment at the factory, and the inaccessibility is such that the 
screw cannot be accessed and/or adjusted with simple tools in one-half 
hour or for $20 (1978 dollars) or less.
    (B) In the case of a choke bimetal spring, the plate covering the 
bimetal spring is riveted or welded in place, or held in place with 
nonreversible screws.

[[Page 95]]

    (C) In the case of a parameter which may be adjusted by elongating 
or bending adjustable members (e.g., the choke vacuum break), the 
elongation of the adjustable member is limited by design or, in the case 
of a bendable member, the member is constructed of a material which when 
bent would return to its original shape after the force is removed 
(plastic or spring steel materials).
    (D) In the case of any parameter, the manufacturer demonstrates that 
adjusting the parameter to settings other than the manufacturer's 
recommended setting takes more than one-half hour or costs more than $20 
(1978 dollars).
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine a physical limit or stop to 
be an adequate restraint on adjustability if:
    (A) In the case of a threaded adjustment, the threads are 
terminated, pinned or crimped so as to prevent additional travel without 
breakage or need for repairs which take more than one-half hour or cost 
more than $20 (1978 dollars).
    (B) The adjustment is ineffective at the end of the limits of travel 
regardless of additional forces or torques applied to the adjustment.
    (C) The manufacturer demonstrates that travel or rotation limits 
cannot be exceeded with the use of simple and inexpensive tools 
(screwdriver, pliers, open-end or box wrenches, etc.) without incurring 
significant and costly damage to the vehicle (or engine) or control 
system or without taking more than one-half hour or costing more than 
$20 (1978 dollars).
    (iii) If manufacturer service manuals or bulletins describe routine 
procedures for gaining access to a parameter or for removing or 
exceeding a physical limit, stop, seal or other means used to inhibit 
adjustment, or if surveillance data indicate that gaining access, 
removing, or exceeding is likely, paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (e)(2)(ii) of 
this section shall not apply for that parameter.
    (iv) In determining the adequacy of a physical limit, stop, seal, or 
other means used to inhibit adjustment of a parameter not covered by 
paragraph (e)(2)(i) or (e)(2)(ii) of this section, the Administrator 
will consider the likelihood that it will be circumvented, removed, or 
exceeded on in-use vehicles. In determining likelihood, the 
Administrator may consider such factors as, but not limited to, 
information contained in the preliminary application; surveillance 
information from similar in-use vehicles (or engines); the difficulty 
and cost of circumventing, removing, or exceeding the limit, stop, seal, 
or other means; damage to the vehicle (or engine) if an attempt is made 
to circumvent, remove, or exceed it and the need to replace parts 
following such attempt; and the effect of settings beyond the limit, 
stop, seal, or other means on vehicle (or engine) performance 
characteristics other than emission characteristics.
    (3) The Administrator shall determine two physically adjustable 
ranges for each parameter subject to adjustment:
    (i)(A) In the case of a parameter determined to be adequately 
inaccessible or sealed, the Administrator may include within the 
physically adjustable range applicable to testing under this subpart 
(certification testing) all settings within the production tolerance 
associated with the nominal setting for that parameter, as specified by 
the manufacturer in the preliminary application for certification.
    (B) In the case of other parameters, the Administrator shall include 
within this range all settings within physical limits or stops 
determined to be adequate restraints on adjustability. The Administrator 
may also include the production tolerances on the location of these 
limits or stops when determining the physically adjustable range.
    (ii)(A) In the case of a parameter determined to be adequately 
inaccessible or sealed, the Administrator shall include within the 
physically adjustable range applicable to testing under subpart G or K 
(Selective Enforcement Audit and Production Compliance Audit) only the 
actual settings to which the parameter is adjusted during production.
    (B) In the case of other parameters, the Administrator shall include 
within this range all settings within physical limits or stops 
determined to be adequate restraints on adjustability, as

[[Page 96]]

they are actually located on the test vehicle (or engine).
    (f)(1) If the manufacturer submits the information specified in 
Sec. 86.090-21(b)(1)(ii) in advance of its full preliminary application 
for certification, the Administrator shall review the information and 
make the determinations required in paragraph (e) of this section within 
90 days of the manufacturer's submittal.
    (2) The 90-day decision period is exclusive of the elapsed time 
during which EPA may request additional information from manufacturers 
regarding an adjustable parameter and the receipt of the manufacturers' 
response(s).
    (g) Within 30 days following receipt of notification of the 
Administrator's determinations made under paragraph (e) of this section, 
the manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determinations. The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer, and shall include a statement 
specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's 
determinations, and data in support of such objections. If, after review 
of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the 
request raises a substantial factual issue, he shall provide the 
manufacturer a hearing in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to 
such issue.

[54 FR 14470, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.090-24  Test vehicles and engines.

    (a)(1) The vehicles or engines covered by an application for 
certification will be divided into groupings of engines which are 
expected to have similar emission characteristics throughout their 
useful life. Each group of engines with similar emission characteristics 
shall be defined as a separate engine family.
    (2) To be classed in the same engine family, engines must be 
identical in all the following respects:
    (i) The cylinder bore center-to-center dimensions.
    (ii)-(iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) The cylinder block configuration (air cooled or water cooled; 
L-6, 90 deg. V-8, etc.).
    (v) The location of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (vi) The method of air aspiration.
    (vii) The combustion cycle.
    (viii) Catalytic converter characteristics.
    (ix) Thermal reactor characteristics.
    (x) Type of air inlet cooler (e.g., intercoolers and after-coolers) 
for diesel heavy-duty engines.
    (3)(i) Engines identical in all the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
families if the Administrator determines that they may be expected to 
have different emission characteristics. This determination will be 
based upon a consideration of the following features of each engine:
    (A) The bore and stroke.
    (B) The surface-to-volume ratio of the nominally dimensioned 
cylinder at the top dead center positions.
    (C) The intake manifold induction port size and configuration.
    (D) The exhaust manifold port size and configuration.
    (E) The intake and exhaust valve sizes.
    (F) The fuel system.
    (G) The camshaft timing and ignition or injection timing 
characteristics.
    (ii) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines produced in different 
model years and distinguishable in the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section shall be treated as belonging to a single engine 
family if the Administrator requires it, after determining that the 
engines may be expected to have similar emission deterioration 
characteristics.
    (4) Where engines are of a type which cannot be divided into engine 
families based upon the criteria listed in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) 
of this section, the Administrator will establish families for those 
engines based upon those features most related to their emission 
characteristics. Engines that are eligible to be included in the same 
engine family based on the criteria in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3)(i) 
of this section may be further divided into different engine families if 
the manufacturer determines that they may be expected to have different 
emission characteristics. This determination will be based upon a 
consideration of the following features of each engine:

[[Page 97]]

    (i) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the 
center line of the camshaft.
    (ii) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the top 
of the cylinder block head face.
    (iii) The size of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (5) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks covered by an application for certification will be 
divided into groupings which are expected to have similar evaporative 
emission characteristics throughout their useful life. Each group of 
vehicles with similar evaporative emission characteristics shall be 
defined as a separate evaporative emission family.
    (6) For gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks to be classed in the same evaporative emission family, 
vehicles must be similar with respect to:
    (i) Type of vapor storage device (e.g., canister, air cleaner, 
crankcase).
    (ii) Basic canister design.
    (iii) Fuel system.
    (7) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into 
evaporative emission families based on the criteria listed above, the 
Administrator will establish families for those vehicles based upon the 
features most related to their evaporative emission characteristics.
    (8)(i) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the Alternative 
Durability Program, the engine families covered by an application for 
certification shall be grouped based upon similar engine design and 
emission control system characteristics. Each of these groups shall 
constitute a separate engine family group.
    (ii) To be classed in the same engine family group, engine families 
must contain engines identical in all of the following respects:
    (A) The combustion cycle.
    (B) The cylinder block configuration (air-cooled or water-cooled; L-
6, V-8, rotary, etc.).
    (C) Displacement (engines of different displacement within 50 cubic 
inches or 15 percent of the largest displacement and contained within a 
multidisplacement engine family will be included in the same engine 
family group).
    (D) Catalytic converter usage and basic type (noncatalyst, oxidation 
catalyst only, three-way catalyst equipped).
    (9) Engine families identical in all respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(8) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
family groups if the Administrator determines that they are expected to 
have significantly different exhaust emission control system 
deterioration characteristics.
    (10) A manufacturer may request the Administrator to include in an 
engine family group, engine families in addition to those grouped under 
the provisions of paragraph (a)(8) of this section. This request must be 
accompanied by information the manufacturer believes supports the 
inclusion of these additional engine families.
    (11) A manufacturer may combine into a single engine family group 
those light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck engine families which 
otherwise meet the requirements of paragraphs (a)(8) through (a)(10) of 
this section.
    (12) The vehicles covered by an application for certification 
equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled heavy-duty engines will 
be divided into groupings of vehicles on the basis of physical features 
which are expected to affect evaporative emissions. Each group of 
vehicles with similar features shall be defined as a separate 
evaporative emission family.
    (13) For vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines to be classed in the same evaporative emission 
family, vehicles must be identical with respect to:
    (i) Method of fuel/air metering (i.e., carburetion versus fuel 
injection).
    (ii) Carburetor bowl fuel volume, within a 10 cc range.
    (14) For vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines to be classed in the same evaporative emission 
control system, vehicles must be identical with respect to:
    (i) Method of vapor storage.
    (ii) Method of carburetor sealing.
    (iii) Method of air cleaner sealing.
    (iv) Vapor storage working capacity, within a 20 g range.

[[Page 98]]

    (v) Number of storage devices.
    (vi) Method of purging stored vapors.
    (vii) Method of venting the carburetor during both engine off and 
engine operation.
    (viii) Liquid fuel hose material.
    (ix) Vapor storage material.
    (15) Where vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines are types which cannot be divided into evaporative 
emission family-control system combinations based on the criteria listed 
above, the Administrator will establish evaporative emission family-
control system combinations for those vehicles based on features most 
related to their evaporative emission characteristics.
    (16) No 1990 or later model year heavy-duty engine which is to be 
used to generate emission credits for 1991 and later banking, trading 
and averaging programs may also utilize nonconformance penalties (NCPs). 
Use of an NCP thus becomes an engine family criterion.
    (i) Use of either a NOX or a particulate matter NCP by an 
engine family precludes that family from generating both NOX 
and particulate matter emission credits.
    (ii) If a manufacturer desires to use both banked credits and NCPs 
on an engine family, two separate engine families must be established. 
One engine family must consist of engines certified for only credit use 
following the procedure specified in this subpart. The other engine 
family must be certified for only NCP use following the procedure as 
specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart L.
    (17) Any 1990 or later model year urban bus engines which are to be 
used to generate PM credits for the 1991 and later model year urban bus 
PM standard shall be placed in separate engine families for 
certification purposes and the families shall be clearly designated as 
such in the application. Urban bus engines of different basic design 
will not be in the same family. If a manufacturer certifies two or more 
different urban bus engines these shall be in different engine families.
    (b) Emission data--(1) Emission-data vehicles. Paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section applies to light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck 
emission-data vehicles.
    (i) Vehicles will be chosen to be operated and tested for emission 
data based upon engine family groupings. Within each engine family, one 
test vehicle will be selected based on the following criteria: The 
Administrator shall select the vehicle with the heaviest equivalent test 
weight (including options) within the family. Then within that vehicle 
the Administrator shall select, in the order listed, the highest road-
load power, largest displacement, the transmission with the highest 
numerical final gear ratio (including overdrive), the highest numerical 
axle ratio offered in that engine family and the maximum fuel flow 
calibration.
    (ii) The Administrator shall select one additional test vehicle from 
within each engine family. The vehicle selected shall be the vehicle 
expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those vehicles remaining in 
the engine family. If all vehicles within the engine family are similar 
the Administrator may waive the requirements of this paragraph.
    (iii) Within an engine family and exhaust emission control system, 
the manufacturer may alter any emission-data vehicle (or other vehicles 
such as including current or previous model year emission-data vehicles, 
fuel economy data vehicles, and development vehicles provided they meet 
emission-data vehicles, protocol) to represent more than one selection 
under paragraphs (b)(1) (i), (ii), (iv), or (vii) of this section.
    (iv) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) 
(i) and (ii) of this section do not represent each engine-system 
combination, then one vehicle of each engine-system combination not 
represented will be selected by the Administrator. The vehicle selected 
shall be the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those 
vehicles remaining in the engine family.
    (v) For high-altitude exhaust emission compliance for each engine 
family, the manufacturer shall follow one of the following procedures:
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions from 
the nonexempt vehicles selected in accordance with

[[Page 99]]

Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this section or,
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) 
of this section, a manufacturer may provide a statement in its 
application for certification that, based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission testing as the 
manufacturer deems appropriate,
    (1) That all light-duty vehicles not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) 
comply with the emission standards at high-altitude, and
    (2) That light-duty trucks sold for principal use at designated 
high-altitude locations comply with the high-altitude emission 
requirements, and that all light-duty trucks sold at low-altitude, which 
are not exempt under Sec. 86.090-9(g)(2), are capable of being modified 
to meet high-altitude standards.
    (vi) If 90 percent or more of the engine family sales will be in 
California, a manufacturer may substitute emission-data vehicles 
selected by the California Air Resources Board criteria for the 
selections specified in paragraphs (b)(1) (i), (ii), and (iv) of this 
section.
    (vii)(A) Vehicles of each evaporative emission family will be 
divided into evaporative emission control systems.
    (B) The Administrator will select the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative emissions, from within each evaporative family 
to be certified, from among the vehicles represented by the exhaust 
emission-data selections for the engine family, unless evaporative 
testing has already been completed on the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative emissions for the evaporative family as part of 
another engine family's testing.
    (C) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) of this section do not represent each evaporative 
emission control system then the Administrator will select the highest 
expected evaporative emission vehicle from within the unrepresented 
evaporative system.
    (viii) For high-altitude evaporative emission compliance for each 
evaporative emission family, the manufacturer shall follow one of the 
following procedures:
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the one nonexempt vehicle previously selected under 
paragraphs (b)(1)(vii) (B) or (C) of this section which is expected to 
have the highest level of evaporative emissions when operated at high 
altitude or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph 
(b)(1)(viii)(A) of this section, a manufacturer may provide a statement 
in its application for certification that based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission testing as the 
manufacturer deems appropriate,
    (1) That all light-duty vehicles not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) 
comply with the emission standards at high altitude and
    (2) That light-duty trucks sold for principal use at designated 
high-altitude locations comply with the high-altitude emission 
requirements, and that all light-duty trucks sold at low altitude, which 
are not exempt under Sec. 86.090-9(g)(2), are capable of being modified 
to meet high-altitude standards.
    (ix) Vehicles selected under paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) of this section 
may be used to satisfy the requirements of (b)(1)(viii)(A) of this 
section.
    (x) Light-duty trucks only: (A) The manufacturer may reconfigure any 
of the low-altitude emission-data vehicles to represent the vehicle 
configuration required to be tested at high altitude.
    (B) The manufacturer is not required to test the reconfigured 
vehicle at low altitude.
    (2) Otto-cycle heavy-duty emission-data engines. Paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section applies to Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines.
    (i)-(ii) [Reserved]
    (iii) The Administrator shall select a maximum of two engines within 
each engine family based upon features indicating that they may have the 
highest emission levels of the engines in the engine family as follows:
    (A) The Administrator shall select one emission-data engine first 
based on the largest displacement within the engine family. Then within 
the largest displacement the Administrator shall select, in the order 
listed, highest fuel flow at the speed of maximum rated

[[Page 100]]

torque, the engine with the most advanced spark timing, no EGR or lowest 
EGR flow, and no air pump or lowest actual flow air pump.
    (B) The Administrator shall select one additional engine, from 
within each engine family. The engine selected shall be the engine 
expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those engines remaining in 
the engine family. If all engines within the engine family are similar 
the Administrator may waive the requirements of this paragraph.
    (iv) If the engines selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(2) 
(ii) and (iii) of this section do not represent each engine 
displacement-exhaust emission control system combination, then one 
engine of each engine displacement-exhaust emission control system 
combination not represented shall be selected by the Administrator.
    (v) Within an engine family/displacement/control system, the 
manufacturer may alter any emission-data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission-data vehicles and 
development engines provided they meet the emission-data engines 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraphs 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (3) Diesel heavy-duty emission-data engines. Paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section applies to diesel heavy-duty emission-data vehicles.
    (i) Engines will be chosen to be run for emission data based upon 
engine family groupings. Within each engine family, the requirements of 
this paragraph must be met.
    (ii) Engines of each engine family will be divided into groups based 
upon their exhaust emission control systems. One engine of each engine 
system combination shall be run for smoke emission data (diesel engines 
only) and gaseous emission data. Either the complete gaseous emission 
test or the complete smoke test may be conducted first. Within each 
combination, the engine that features the highest fuel feed per stroke, 
primarily at the speed of maximum rated torque and secondarily at rated 
speed, will usually be selected. If there are military engines with 
higher fuel rates than other engines in the same engine system 
combinations, then one military engine shall also be selected. The 
engine with the highest fuel feed per stroke will usually be selected.
    (iii) The Administrator may select a maximum of one additional 
engine within each engine-system combination based upon features 
indicating that it may have the highest emission levels of the engines 
of that combination. In selecting this engine, the Administrator will 
consider such features as the injection system, fuel system, compression 
ratio, rated speed, rated horsepower, peak torque speed, and peak 
torque.
    (iv) Within an engine family control system combination, the 
manufacturer may alter any emission-data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission-data vehicles and 
development engines provided they meet the emission-data engines' 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraphs (b)(3) 
(ii) and (iii) of this section.
    (c) Durability data--(1) Light-duty vehicle durability-data 
vehicles. Paragraph (c)(1) of this section applies to light-duty vehicle 
durability-data vehicles.
    (i) A durability-data vehicle will be selected by the Administrator 
to represent each engine-system combination. The vehicle selected shall 
be of the engine displacement with the largest projected sales volume of 
vehicles with that control-system combination in that engine family and 
will be designated by the Administrator as to transmission type, fuel 
system, inertia weight class, and test weight.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to operate and test additional 
vehicles to represent any engine-system combination. The additional 
vehicles must be of the same engine displacement, transmission type, 
fuel system and inertia weight class as the vehicle selected for that 
engine-system combination in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) of this section. Notice of an intent to operate and test 
additional vehicles shall be given to the Administrator no later than 30 
days following notification of the test fleet selection.
    (2) Light-duty trucks. Paragraph (c)(2) of this section applies to 
vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components used

[[Page 101]]

to establish exhaust emission deterioration factors for light-duty 
trucks.
    (i) The manufacturer shall select the vehicles, engines, subsystems, 
or components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components are used, they shall be 
selected so that their emissions deterioration characteristics may be 
expected to represent those of in-use vehicles, based on good 
engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. Paragraph (c)(3) of this section applies to 
engines, subsystems, or components used to establish exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for heavy-duty engines.
    (i) The manufacturer shall select the engines, subsystems, or 
components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
engines, subsystems, or components are used, they shall be selected so 
that their emissions deterioration characteristics may be expected to 
represent those of in-use engines, based on good engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (d) For purposes of testing under Sec. 86.084-26 (a)(9) or (b)(11), 
the Administrator may require additional emission-data vehicles (or 
emission-data engines) and durability-data vehicles (light-duty vehicles 
only) identical in all material respects to vehicles (or engines) 
selected in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, 
provided that the number of vehicles (or engines) selected shall not 
increase the size of either the emission-data fleet or the durability-
data fleet by more than 20 percent or one vehicle (or engine), whichever 
is greater.
    (e)(1) Any manufacturer whose projected sales for the model year in 
which certification is sought is less than:
    (i) 2,000 Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles, or
    (ii) 2,000 diesel light-duty vehicles, or
    (iii) 2,000 Otto-cycle light-duty trucks, or
    (iv) 2,000 diesel light-duty trucks, or
    (v) 2,000 Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, or
    (vi) 2,000 diesel heavy-duty engines, may request a reduction in the 
number of test vehicles (or engines) determined in accordance with the 
foregoing provisions of this section. The Administrator may agree to 
such lesser number as he determines would meet the objectives of this 
procedure.
    (2) Any manufacturer may request to certify engine families with 
combined total sales of fewer than 10,000 light-duty vehicles, light-
duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines utilizing assigned deterioration 
factors prescribed by the Administrator. The assigned deterioration 
factors shall be applied only to entire engine families.
    (f) In lieu of testing an emission-data or durability-data vehicle 
(or engine) selected under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, and 
submitting data therefore, a manufacturer may, with the prior written 
approval of the Administrator, submit exhaust emission data and/or fuel 
evaporative emission data, as applicable on a similar vehicle (or 
engine) for which certification has previously been obtained or for 
which all applicable data required under Sec. 86.090-23 has previously 
been submitted.
    (g)(1) This paragraph applies to light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks, but does not apply to the production vehicles selected under 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (2)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option), the full 
estimated weight of that item shall be included in the curb weight 
computation for each vehicle available with that option in that carline, 
within that engine-system combination.
    (ii) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of the carline, 
within an engine-system, will be equipped with an item of (whether that 
item is standard equipment or an option), no weight for that item will 
be added in computing curb weight for any vehicle in that carline, 
within that engine-system combination, unless that item is standard 
equipment on the vehicle.
    (iii) In the case of mutually exclusive options, only the weight of 
the heavier

[[Page 102]]

option will be added in computing curb weight.
    (iv) Optional equipment weighing less than 3 pounds per item need 
not be considered.
    (3)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination will be equipped with an item of 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that can 
reasonably be expected to influence emissions, then such items shall 
actually be installed (unless excluded under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of 
this section) on all emission data and durability data vehicles of that 
carline, within that engine-system combination, on which the items are 
intended to be offered in production. Items that can reasonably be 
expected to influence emissions are: air conditioning, power steering, 
power brakes and other items determined by the Administrator.
    (ii) If the manufacturer determines by test data or engineering 
evaluation that the actual installation of the optional equipment 
required by paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this section does not affect the 
emissions or fuel economy values, the optional equipment need not be 
installed on the test vehicle.
    (iii) The weight of the options shall be included in the design curb 
weight and also be represented in the weight of the test vehicles.
    (iv) The engineering evaluation, including any test data, used to 
support the deletion of optional equipment from test vehicles, shall be 
maintained by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (4) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of a carline, 
within an engine system combination will be equipped with an item of 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that can 
reasonably be expected to influence emissions, that item shall not be 
installed on any emission data or durability data vehicles of that 
carline, within that engine-system combination, unless that item is 
standard equipment on the vehicle.
    (h) Alternative Durability Program durability-data vehicles. This 
section applies to light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck durability-
data vehicles selected under the Alternative Durability Program 
described in Sec. 86.085-13.
    (1) In order to update the durability data to be used to determine a 
deterioration factor for each engine family group, the Administrator 
will select durability-data vehicles from the manufacturer's production 
line. Production vehicles will be selected from each model year's 
production for those vehicles certified using the Alternative Durability 
Program procedures.
    (i) The Administrator shall select the production durability-data 
vehicle designs from the designs that the manufacturer offers for sale. 
For each model year and for each engine family group, the Administrator 
may select production durability-data vehicle designs of equal number to 
the number of engine families within the engine family group, up to a 
maximum of three vehicles.
    (ii) The production durability-data vehicles representing the 
designs selected in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section will be randomly 
selected from the manufacturer's production. The Administrator will make 
these random selections unless the manufacturer (with prior approval of 
the Administrator) elects to make the random selections.
    (iii) The manufacturer may select additional production durability-
data vehicle designs from within the engine family group. The production 
durability-data vehicles representing these designs shall be randomly 
selected from the manufacturer s production in accordance with paragraph 
(h)(l)(ii) of this section.
    (iv) For each production durability-data vehicle selected under 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall provide to the 
Administrator (before the vehicle is tested or begins service 
accumulation) the vehicle identification number. Before the vehicle 
begins service accumulation the manufacturer shall also provide the 
Administrator with a description of the durability-data vehicle as 
specified by the Administrator.
    (v) In lieu of testing a production durability-data vehicle selected 
under paragraph (h)(1) of this section, and

[[Page 103]]

submitting data therefrom, a manufacturer may, with the prior written 
approval of the Administrator, submit exhaust emission data from a 
production vehicle of the same configuration for which all applicable 
data has previously been submitted.
    (2) If, within an existing engine family group, a manufacturer 
requests to certify vehicles of a new design, engine family, emission 
control system, or with any other durability-related design difference, 
the Administrator will determine if the existing engine family group 
deterioration factor is appropriate for the new design. If the 
Administrator cannot make this determination or deems the deterioration 
factor not appropriate, the Administrator shall select preproduction 
durability-data vehicles under the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section. If vehicles are then certified using the new design, the 
Administrator may select production vehicles with the new design under 
the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this section.
    (3) If a manufacturer reguests to certify vehicles of a new design 
that the Administrator determines are a new engine family group, the 
Administrator shall select preproduction durability data vehicles under 
the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section. If vehicles are then 
certified using the new design, the Administrator may select production 
vehicles of that design under the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this 
section.

[54 FR 14474, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 30618, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.090-25  Maintenance.

    (a) Applicability. This section applies to light-duty vehicles, 
light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines.
    (1) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components used to determine exhaust or evaporative emission 
deterioration factors is classified as either emission-related or non-
emission-related and each of these can be classified as either scheduled 
or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related maintenance is also 
classified as critical emission-related maintenance.
    (b) This section specifies emission-related scheduled maintenance 
for purposes of obtaining durability data and for inclusion in 
maintenance instructions furnished to purchasers of new motor vehicles 
and new motor vehicles engines under Sec. 86.087-38.
    (1) All emission-related scheduled maintenance for purposes of 
obtaining durability data must occur at the same mileage intervals (or 
equivalent intervals if engines, subsystems, or components are used) 
that will be specified in the manufacturer's maintenance instructions 
furnished to the ultimate purchaser of the motor vehicle or engine under 
Sec. 86.088-35. This maintenance schedule may be updated as necessary 
throughout the testing of the vehicle/engine provided that no 
maintenance operation is deleted from the maintenance schedule after the 
operation has been performed on the test vehicle or engine.
    (2) Any emission-related maintenance which is performed on vehicles, 
engines, subsystems, or components must be technologically necessary to 
assure in-use compliance with the emission standards. The manufacturer 
must submit data which demonstrate to the Administrator that all of the 
emission-related scheduled maintenance which is to be performed is 
technologically necessary. Scheduled maintenance must be approved by the 
Administrator prior to being performed or being included in the 
maintenance instructions provided to purchasers under Sec. 86.087-38. As 
provided below, EPA has determined that emission-related maintenance at 
shorter intervals than that outlined in paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of 
this section is not technologically necessary to ensure in-use 
compliance. However, the Administrator may determine that maintenance 
even more restrictive (e.g., longer intervals) than that listed in 
paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section is also not technologically 
necessary.
    (3) For Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and heavy 
duty engines, emission-related maintenance in addition to, or at shorter 
intervals than, the following will not be accepted as technologically 
necessary, except as provided in paragraph (b)(7) of this section.

[[Page 104]]

    (i)(A) The cleaning or replacement of light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck spark plugs at 30,000 miles of use and at 30,000 mile 
intervals thereafter.
    (B) The cleaning or replacement of Otto-cycle heavy duty engine 
spark plugs at 25,000 miles (or 750 hours) of use and at 25,000 mile 
intervals (or 750-hour) intervals thereafter, for engines certified for 
use with unleaded fuel only.
    (4) For diesel powered light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and 
heavy-duty engines, emission-related maintenance in addition to, or at 
shorter intervals than, the following will not be accepted as 
technologically necessary, except as provided in paragraph (b)(7) of 
this section.
    (i) For light-duty vehicles, the adjustment, cleaning, repair, or 
replacement of the following may not be performed within the 50,000-mile 
useful life of the vehicle:
    (A) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related filters 
and control valves).
    (B) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (C) Fuel injectors.
    (D) Turbocharger.
    (E) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors and 
actuators.
    (F) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system (including related 
components).
    (ii) For light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, 
cleaning, repair, or replacement of the following at 50,000 miles (or 
1,500 hours) of use and at 50,000-mile (or 1,500-hour) intervals 
thereafter:
    (A) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related filters 
and control valves).
    (B) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (C) Fuel injector tips (cleaning only).
    (iii) The following maintenance at 100,000 miles (or 3,000 hours) of 
use and at 100,000-mile (or 3,000-hour) intervals thereafter for light-
duty trucks and light heavy-duty engines, or, at 150,000 miles (or 4,500 
hours) of use and at 150,000-mile (or 4,500-hour) intervals thereafter 
for medium and heavy-duty engines: The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or 
replacement of:
    (A) Fuel injectors.
    (B) Turbocharger.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors and 
actuators.
    (D) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system (including related 
components).
    (5) [Reserved]
    (6)(i) The following components are currently defined as critical 
emission-related components:
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(including oxygen sensor if installed) and actuators.
    (D) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related filters 
and control valves).
    (E) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (F) Evaporative emission control system components (excluding 
canister air filter).
    (G) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system.
    (ii) All critical emission-related scheduled maintenance must have a 
reasonable likelihood of being performed in-use. The manufacturer shall 
be required to show the reasonable likelihood of such maintenance being 
performed in-use, and such showing shall be made prior to the 
performance of the maintenance on the durability data vehicle. Critical 
emission-related scheduled maintenance items which satisfy one of the 
following conditions will be accepted as having a reasonable likelihood 
of the maintenance item being performed in-use:
    (A) Data are presented which establish for the Administrator a 
connection between emissions and vehicle performance such that as 
emissions increase due to lack of maintenance, vehicle performance will 
simultaneously deteriorate to a point unacceptable for typical driving.
    (B) Survey data are submitted which adequately demonstrate to the 
Administrator that, at an 80 percent confidence level, 80 percent of 
such engines already have this critical maintenance item performed in-
use at the recommended interval(s).
    (C) A clearly displayed visible signal system approved by the 
Administrator is installed to alert the vehicle driver

[[Page 105]]

that maintenance is due. A signal bearing the message ``maintenance 
needed'' or ``check engine,'' or a similar message approved by the 
Administrator, shall be actuated at the appropriate mileage point or by 
component failure. This signal must be continuous while the engine is in 
operation, and not be easily eliminated without performance of the 
required maintenance. Resetting the signal shall be a required step in 
the maintenance operation. The method for resetting the signal system 
shall be approved by the Administrator.
    (D) A manufacturer may desire to demonstrate through a survey that a 
critical maintenance item is likely to be performed without a visible 
signal on a maintenance item for which there is no prior in-use 
experience without the signal. To that end, the manufacturer may in a 
given model year market up to 200 randomly selected vehicles per 
critical emission-related maintenance item without such visible signals, 
and monitor the performance of the critical maintenance item by the 
owners to show compliance with paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(B) of this section. 
This option is restricted to two consecutive model years and may not be 
repeated until any previous survey has been completed. If the critical 
maintenance involves more than one engine family, the sample will be 
sales weighted to ensure that it is representative of all the families 
in question.
    (E) The manufacturer provides the maintenance free of charge, and 
clearly informs the customer that the maintenance is free in the 
instructions provided under Sec. 86.087-38.
    (F) Any other method which the Administrator approves as 
establishing a reasonable likelihood that the critical maintenance will 
be performed in-use.
    (iii) Visible signal systems used under paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(C) of 
this section are considered an element of design of the emission control 
system. Therefore, disabling, resetting, or otherwise rendering such 
signals inoperative without also performing the indicated maintenance 
procedure is a prohibited act under section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air 
Act, as amended in August 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)).
    (7) Changes to scheduled maintenance. (i) For maintenance practices 
that existed prior to the 1980 model year, only the maintenance items 
listed in paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section are currently 
considered by EPA to be emission-related. The Administrator may, 
however, determine additional scheduled maintenance items that existed 
prior to the 1980 model year to be emission-related by announcement in a 
Federal Register Notice. In no event may this notification occur later 
than September 1 of the calendar year two years prior to the affected 
model year.
    (ii) In the case of any new scheduled maintenance, the manufacturer 
must submit a request for approval to the Administrator for any 
maintenance that it wishes to recommend to purchasers and perform during 
durability determination. New scheduled maintenance is that maintenance 
which did not exist prior to the 1980 model year, including that which 
is a direct result of the implementation of new technology not found in 
production prior to the 1980 model year. The manufacturer must also 
include its recommendations as to the category (i.e., emission-related 
or non-emission- related, critical or non-critical) of the subject 
maintenance and, for suggested emission-related maintenance, the maximum 
feasible maintenance interval. Such requests must include detailed 
evidence supporting the need for the maintenance requested, and 
supporting data or other substantiation for the recommended maintenance 
category and for the interval suggested for emission-related 
maintenance. Requests for new scheduled maintenance must be approved 
prior to the introduction of the new maintenance. The Administrator will 
then designate the maintenance as emission-related or non-emission-
related. For maintenance items established as emission-related, the 
Administrator will further designate the maintenance as critical if the 
component which receives the maintenance is a critical component under 
paragraph (b)(6) of this section. For each maintenance item designated 
as emission-related, the Administrator will also establish a 
technologically necessary maintenance interval, based on industry data 
and any other information available to EPA. Designations of emission-
related maintenance items,

[[Page 106]]

along with their identification as critical or non-critical, and 
establishment of technologically necessary maintenance intervals, will 
be announced in the Federal Register.
    (iii) Any manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determinations in paragraph (b)(7) of this section. The request shall be 
in writing, and shall include a statement specifying the manufacturer's 
objections to the Administrator's determinations, and data in support of 
such objections. If, after review of the request and supporting data, 
the Administrator finds that the request raises a substantial factual 
issue, he shall provide the manufacturer a hearing in accordance with 
Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to such issue.
    (c) Non-emission-related scheduled maintenance which is reasonable 
and technologically necessary (e.g., oil change, oil filter change, fuel 
filter change, air filter change, cooling system maintenance, adjustment 
of idle speed, governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, injector lash, 
timing, etc.) may be performed on durability-data vehicles at the 
intervals recommended by the manufacturer to the ultimate purchaser.
    (d) Unscheduled maintenance on light-duty durability data vehicles. 
(1) Unscheduled maintenance may be performed during the testing used to 
determine deterioration factors, except as provided in paragraphs (d)(2) 
and (d)(3) of this section, only under the following provisions:
    (i) A fuel injector or spark plug may be changed if a persistent 
misfire is detected.
    (ii) Readjustment of an Otto-cycle vehicle cold-start enrichment 
system may be performed if there is a problem of stalling.
    (iii) Readjustment of the engine idle speed (curb idle and fast 
idle) may be performed in addition to that performed as scheduled 
maintenance under paragraph (c) of this section, if the idle speed 
exceeds the manufacturer's recommended idle speed by 300 rpm or more, or 
if there is a problem of stalling.
    (2) Any other unscheduled vehicle, emission control system, or fuel 
system adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or 
replacement during testing to determine deterioration factors shall be 
performed only with the advance approval of the Administrator. Such 
approval will be given if the Administrator:
    (i) Has made a preliminary determination that the part failure or 
system malfunction, or the repair of such failure or malfunction, does 
not render the vehicle or engine unrepresentative of vehicles or engines 
in-use, and does not require direct access to the combustion chamber, 
except for spark plug, fuel injection component, or removable prechamber 
removal or replacement; and,
    (ii) Has made a determination that the need for maintenance or 
repairs is indicated by an overt indication of malfunction such as 
persistent misfiring, engine stalling, overheating, fluid leakage, loss 
of oil pressure, excessive fuel consumption or excessive power loss. The 
Administrator shall be given the opportunity to verify the existence of 
an overt indication of part failure and/or vehicle/engine malfunction 
(e.g., misfiring, stalling, black smoke), or an activation of an audible 
and/or visible signal, prior to the performance of any maintenance to 
which such overt indication or signal is relevant under the provisions 
of this section.
    (3) Emission measurement may not be used as a means of determining 
the need for unscheduled maintenance under paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section, except under the following conditions:
    (i) The Administrator may approve unscheduled maintenance on 
durability-data vehicles based upon a significant change in emission 
levels that indicates a vehicle or engine malfunction. In these cases 
the Administrator may first approve specific diagnostic procedures to 
identify the source of the problem. The Administrator may further 
approve of specific corrections to the problem after the problem has 
been identified. The Administrator may only approve the corrective 
action after it is determined that:
    (A) The malfunction was caused by nonproduction build practices or 
by a previously undetected design problem,

[[Page 107]]

    (B) The malfunction will not occur in production vehicles or engines 
in-use, and
    (C) The deterioration factor generated by the durability-data 
vehicle or engine will remain unaffected by the malfunction or by the 
corrective action (e.g., the malfunction was present for only a short 
period of time before detection, replacement parts are functionally 
representative of the proper mileage or hours, etc.).
    (ii) Following any unscheduled maintenance approved under paragraph 
(d)(3)(i) of this section, the manufacturer shall perform an after-
maintenance emissions test. If the Administrator determines that the 
after-maintenance emission levels for any pollutant indicates that the 
deterioration factor is no longer representative of production, the 
Administrator may disqualify the durability-data vehicle or engine.
    (4) If the Administrator determines that part failure or system 
malfunction occurrence and/or repair rendered the vehicle/engine 
unrepresentative of vehicles in-use, the vehicle/engine shall not be 
used for determining deterioration factors.
    (5) Repairs to vehicle components of a durability data vehicle other 
than the engine, emission control system, or fuel system, shall be 
performed only as a result of part failure, vehicle system malfunction, 
or with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (e) Maintenance on emission data vehicles and engines. (1) 
Adjustment of engine idle speed on emission data vehicles may be 
performed once before the low-mileage/low-hour emission test point. Any 
other engine, emission control system, or fuel system adjustment, 
repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement on emission data 
vehicles shall be performed only with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (2) Maintenance on light-duty truck emission-data vehicles selected 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (v) or (vii), and permitted to be tested for 
purposes of Sec. 86.090-23(c)(1)(ii) under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.090-24(b)(2), may be performed in conjunction with emission 
control system modifications at the low-mileage test point, and shall be 
performed in accordance with the maintenance instructions to be provided 
to the ultimate purchaser required under Sec. 86.087-38.
    (3) Maintenance on those light-duty truck emission-data vehicles 
selected under 86.090-24(b)(1)(v) which are not capable of being 
modified in the field for the purpose of complying with emissions 
standards at an altitude other than that intended by the original 
design, may be performed in conjunction with the emission control system 
modifications at the low-mileage test point, and shall be approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (4) Repairs to vehicle components of an emission data vehicle other 
than the engine, emission control system, or fuel system, shall be 
performed only as a result of part failure, vehicle system malfunction, 
or with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (f) Equipment, instruments, or tools may not be used to identify 
malfunctioning, maladjusted, or defective engine components unless the 
same or equivalent equipment, instruments, or tools will be available to 
dealerships and other service outlets and:
    (1) Are used in conjunction with scheduled maintenance on such 
components, or
    (2) Are used subsequent to the identification of a vehicle or engine 
malfunction, as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section for 
durability data vehicles or in paragraph (e)(1) of this section for 
emission-data vehicles, or
    (3) Unless specifically authorized by the Administrator.
    (g)(1) Paragraph (g) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles.
    (2) Complete emission tests (see Secs. 86.106 through 86.145) are 
required, unless waived by the Administrator, before and after scheduled 
maintenance approved for durability data vehicles. The manufacturer may 
perform emission tests before unscheduled maintenance. Complete emission 
tests are required after unscheduled maintenance which may reasonably be 
expected to affect emissions. The Administrator may waive the 
requirement to test after unscheduled maintenance. These test data may 
be submitted weekly to the Administrator, but shall be air posted or 
delivered within 7 days after completion of the tests, along

[[Page 108]]

with a complete record of all pertinent maintenance, including a 
preliminary engineering report of any malfunction diagnosis and the 
corrective action taken. A complete engineering report shall be 
delivered to the Administrator concurrently with the manufacturer's 
application for certification.
    (h) All test data, maintenance reports, and required engineering 
reports shall be compiled and provided to the Administrator in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-23.

[53 FR 471, Jan. 7, 1988, as amended at 54 FR 14478, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.090-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission requirements.

    (a)(1) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles.
    (2) The procedure for mileage accumulation will be the Durability 
Driving Schedule as specified in appendix IV to this part. A modified 
procedure may also be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. 
Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, all vehicles will 
accumulate mileage at a measured curb weight which is within 100 pounds 
of the estimated curb weight. If the loaded vehicle weight is within 100 
pounds of being included in the next higher inertia weight class as 
specified in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to conduct the 
respective emission tests at higher loaded vehicle weight.
    (3) Emission-data vehicles. Unless otherwise provided for in 
Sec. 86.090-23(a), emission-data vehicles shall be operated and tested 
as follows:
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for engine 
family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized 
for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide 
to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in 
making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 
4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family without making 
a determination. Any vehicle used to represent emission-data vehicle 
selections under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) shall be equipped with an engine 
and emission control system that has accumulated at least the mileage 
determined under this paragraph. Fuel economy data generated from 
certification vehicles selected in accordance with Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) 
with engine-system combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 
kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be factored in accordance with 
Sec. 600.006-82(c). Complete exhaust and evaporative (if required) 
emission tests shall be conducted for each emission-data vehicle 
selection under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1). The Administrator may determine 
under Sec. 86.090-24(f) that no testing is required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (v) or (viii) shall be conducted at the 
mileage at which the engine system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing under high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emissions tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), 
(iii), (iv), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage at which the 
engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing under low-
altitude conditions.
    (D) For each engine family, the manufacturer will either select one 
vehicle previously selected under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (i) through (iv) 
to be tested under high-altitude conditions or provide a statement in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1)(v). Vehicles shall meet emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions without manual 
adjustments or modifications. In addition, any emission control device 
used to conform with the emission standards under high-altitude 
conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher than 4,000 
feet above sea level.
    (ii) Diesel. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine 
family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized 
for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide 
to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in 
making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 
4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family without making 
a determination. Any vehicle used to represent emission-data vehicle 
selections under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) shall be equipped with an engine 
and emission

[[Page 109]]

control system that has accumulated at least the mileage determined 
under this paragraph. Fuel economy data generated from certification 
vehicles selected in accordance with Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) with engine-
system combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers 
(6,200 miles) shall be factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006-82(c). 
Complete exhaust emission tests shall be conducted for each emission-
data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1). The Administrator may 
determine under Sec. 86.090-24(f) that no testing is required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1)(v) shall be conducted at the mileage at which 
the engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing under 
low-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (i) through 
(iv) shall be conducted at the mileage at which the engine-system 
combination is stabilized for emission testing under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (D) For each engine family, the manufacturer will either select one 
vehicle previously selected under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (i) through (iv) 
to be tested under high-altitude conditions or provide a statement in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1)(v). Vehicles shall meet emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions without manual 
adjustments or modifications. In addition, any emission control device 
used to conform with the emission standards under high-altitude 
conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher than 4,000 
feet above sea level.
    (4)(i) Durability data vehicles. (A) Unless otherwise provided for 
in Sec. 86.090-23(a), each durability-data vehicle shall be driven, with 
all emission control systems installed and operating, for 50,000 miles 
or such lesser distance as the Administrator may agree to as meeting the 
objective of this procedure.
    (B) Complete exhaust emission tests shall be made at test point 
mileage intervals that the manufacturer determines.
    (C) At a minimum, two complete exhaust emission tests shall be made. 
The first test shall be made at a distance not greater than 6,250 miles. 
The last shall be made at 50,000 miles.
    (D) The mileage interval between test points must be of equal length 
except for the interval between zero miles and the first test, and any 
interval before or after testing conducted in conjunction with vehicle 
maintenance as specified in Sec. 86.090-25(g)(2).
    (ii) The manufacturer may, at its option, alter the durability-data 
vehicle at the selected test point to represent emission-data vehicle(s) 
within the same engine/system combination and perform emission tests on 
the altered vehicle. Upon completion of emission testing, the 
manufacturer may return the test vehicle to the durability-data vehicle 
configuration prior to the continuation of mileage accumulation.
    (5)(i) All tests required by this subpart on emission-data vehicles 
shall be conducted at a mileage equal to or greater than the mileage the 
manufacturer determines under paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
    (ii) All tests required by this subpart on durability-data vehicles 
shall be conducted within 250 miles of each of the test points.
    (6)(i)(A) The manufacturer may conduct multiple tests at any test 
point at which the data are intended to be used in the deterioration 
factor. At each test point where multiple tests are conducted, the test 
results from all valid tests shall be averaged to determine the data 
point to be used in the deterioration factor calculation, except under 
paragraph (a)(6)(i)(B) of this section. The test results from emission 
tests performed before maintenance affecting emissions shall not be 
averaged with test results after the maintenance.
    (B) The manufacturer is not required to average multiple tests if 
the manufacturer conducts no more than three tests at each test point 
and if the number of tests at each test point is equal. All test points 
must be treated the same for all exhaust pollutants.
    (ii) The results of all emission testing shall be supplied to the 
Administrator. The manufacturer shall furnish to the Administrator 
explanation for voiding

[[Page 110]]

any test. The Administrator will determine if voiding the test was 
appropriate based upon the explanation given by the manufacturer for the 
voided test. Tests between test points may be conducted as required by 
the Administrator. Data from all tests (including voided tests) may be 
submitted weekly to the Administrator, but shall be air posted or 
delivered to the Administrator within 7 days after completion of the 
test. In addition, all test data shall be compiled and provided to the 
Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.090-23. Where the Administrator 
conducts a test on a durability-data vehicle at a prescribed test point, 
the results of that test will be used in the calculation of the 
deterioration factor.
    (iii) The results of all emission tests shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67, to the number of decimal places contained 
in the applicable emission standard expressed to one additional 
significant figure.
    (7) Whenever a manufacturer intends to operate and test a vehicle 
which may be used for emission or durability data, the manufacturer 
shall retain in its records all information concerning all emissions 
tests and maintenance, including vehicle alterations to represent other 
vehicle selections. For emission-data vehicles, this information shall 
be submitted, including the vehicle description and specification 
information required by the Administrator, to the Administrator 
following the emission-data test. For durability-data vehicles, this 
information shall be submitted following the 5,000-mile test.
    (8) Once a manufacturer submits the information required in 
paragraphs (a)(7) of this section for a durability-data vehicle, the 
manufacturer shall continue to run the vehicle to 50,000 miles, and the 
data from the vehicle will be used in the calculations under 
Sec. 86.090-28. Discontinuation of a durability-data vehicle shall be 
allowed only with the consent of the Administrator.
    (9)(i) The Administrator may elect to operate and test any test 
vehicle during all or any part of the mileage accumulation and testing 
procedure. In such cases, the manufacturer shall provide the vehicle(s) 
to the Administrator with all information necessary to conduct this 
testing.
    (ii) The test procedures in Secs. 86.106 through 86.145 will be 
followed by the Administrator. The Administrator will test the vehicles 
at each test point. Maintenance may be performed by the manufacturer 
under such conditions as the Administrator may prescribe.
    (iii) The data developed by the Administrator for the engine-system 
combination shall be combined with any applicable data supplied by the 
manufacturer on other vehicles of that combination to determine the 
applicable deterioration factors for the combination. In the case of a 
significant discrepancy between data developed by the Administrator and 
that submitted by the manufacturer, the Administrator's data shall be 
used in the determination of deterioration factors.
    (10) Emission testing of any type with respect to any certification 
vehicle other than that specified in this part is not allowed except as 
such testing may be specifically authorized by the Administrator.
    (11) This section does not apply to testing conducted to meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.090-23(b)(2).
    (b)(1) Paragraph (b) of this section applies to light-duty trucks.
    (2) There are three types of mileage or service accumulation 
applicable to light-duty trucks:
    (i) Mileage or service accumulation on vehicles, engines, 
subsystems, or components selected by the manufacturer under 
Sec. 86.090-24(c)(2)(i). The manufacturer determines the form and extent 
of this mileage or service accumulation, consistent with good 
engineering practice, and describes it in the application for 
certification.
    (ii) Mileage accumulation of the duration selected by the 
manufacturer on emission-data vehicles selected under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(1). The procedure for mileage accumulation will be the Durability 
Driving Schedule as specified in appendix IV to this part. A modified 
procedure may also be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. 
Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, all vehicles will 
accumulate mileage at a measured curb weight which is within 100 pounds 
of

[[Page 111]]

the estimated curb weight. If the loaded vehicle weight is within 100 
pounds of being included in the next higher inertia weight class as 
specified in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to conduct the 
respective emission tests at the test weight corresponding to the higher 
loaded vehicle weight.
    (iii) Service or mileage accumulation which may be part of the test 
procedures used by the manufacturer to establish evaporative emission 
deterioration factors.
    (3) Exhaust emission deterioration factors will be determined on the 
basis of the mileage or service accumulation described in paragraph 
(b)(2)(i) of this section and related testing, according to the 
manufacturer's procedures.
    (4) Each emission-data vehicle shall be operated and tested as 
follows:
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to 
accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family 
without making a determination. Any vehicle used to represent emission-
data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) shall be equipped 
with an engine and emission control system that has accumulated at least 
the mileage determined under this paragraph. Fuel economy data generated 
from certification vehicles selected in accordance with Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(1) with engine-system combinations that have accumulated more than 
10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be factored in accordance with 
Sec. 600.006-82(c). Complete exhaust emission tests shall be conducted 
for each emission-data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.090-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (v) or (viii) shall be conducted at the 
mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at 6,436 kilometers (4,000-miles) under high-
altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
(iv)(A), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage at which the 
engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing or at the 
6,436-kilometer (4,000-mile) test point under low-altitude conditions.
    (D) If the manufacturer recommends adjustments or modifications in 
order to conform to emission standards at high altitude, such 
adjustments or modifications shall be made to the test vehicle selected 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (v) and (viii) (in accordance with the 
instructions to be provided to the ultimate purchaser) before being 
tested under high-altitude conditions.
    (ii) Diesel. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine 
family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized 
for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide 
to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in 
making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 
4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family without making 
a determination. Any vehicle used to represent emission-data vehicle 
selections under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) shall be equipped with an engine 
and emission control system that has accumulated at least the mileage 
determined under this paragraph. Fuel economy data generated from 
certification vehicles selected in accordance with Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) 
with engine-system combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 
kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be factored in accordance with 
Sec. 600.006-82(c). Complete exhaust emission tests shall be conducted 
for each emission-data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.090-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (v) or (viii) shall be conducted at the 
mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at 6,436-kilometer (4,000-miles) under high-altitude 
conditions.

[[Page 112]]

    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
(iv)(A), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage at which the 
engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing or at the 
6,436-kilometer (4,000-mile) test point under low-altitude conditions.
    (D) If the manufacturer recommends adjustments or modifications in 
order to conform to emission standards at high altitude, such 
adjustments or modifications shall be made to the test vehicle selected 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (v) and (viii) (in accordance with the 
instructions to be provided to the ultimate purchaser) before being 
tested under high-altitude conditions.
    (ii) Diesel. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine 
family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized 
for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide 
to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in 
making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 
4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family without making 
a determination. Any vehicle used to represent emission-data vehicle 
selections under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) shall be equipped with an engine 
and emission control system that has accumulated at least the mileage 
determined under this paragraph. Fuel economy data generated from 
certification vehicles selection in accordance with Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) 
with engine-system combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 
kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be factored in accordance with 
Sec. 600.006-82(c). Complete exhaust emission tests shall be conducted 
for each emission-data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.090-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1)(v) shall be conducted at the mileage at which 
the engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing or at 
the 6,436-kilometer (4,000-mile) test point under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
and (iv) shall be conducted at the mileage at which the engine-system 
combination is stabilized for emission testing or at the 6,436-kilometer 
(4,000-mile) test point under low-altitude conditions.
    (D) If the manufacturer recommends adjustments or modifications in 
order to conform to emission standards at high altitude, such 
adjustments or modifications shall be made to the test vehicle selected 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) (v) and (viii) (in accordance with the 
instructions to be provided to the ultimate purchaser) before being 
tested under high-altitude conditions.
    (iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) All tests required by this subpart on emission-data vehicles 
shall be conducted at a mileage equal to or greater than the mileage the 
manufacturer determines under paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
    (c)(1) Paragraph (c) of this section applies to heavy-duty engines.
    (2) There are two types of service accumulation applicable to heavy-
duty engines:
    (i) Service accumulation on engines, subsystems, or components 
selected by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.088-24(c)(3)(i). The 
manufacturer determines the form and extent of this service 
accumulation, consistent with good engineering practice, and describes 
it in the application for certification.
    (ii) Dynamometer service accumulation on emission-data engines 
selected under Sec. 86.090-24(b) (2) or (3). The manufacturer determines 
the engine operating schedule to be used for dynamometer service 
accumulation, consistent with good engineering practice. A single engine 
operating schedule shall be used for all engines in an engine family-
control system combination. Operating schedules may be different for 
different combinations.
    (3) Exhaust emission deterioration factors will be determined on the 
basis of the service accumulation described in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of 
this section and related testing, according to the manufacturer's 
procedures.

[[Page 113]]

    (4) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine family, the 
number of hours at which the engine system combination is stabilized for 
emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide to 
the Administrator if requested a record of the rationale used in making 
this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 125 hours 
on each test engine within an engine family without making a 
determination. Any engine used to represent emission-data engine 
selections under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(2) shall be equipped with an engine 
system combination that has accumulated at least the number of hours 
determined under this paragraph. Complete exhaust emission tests shall 
be conducted for each emission-data engine selection under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(2). Evaporative emission controls need not be connected provided 
normal operating conditions are maintained in the engine induction 
system. The Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.090-24(f) that no 
testing is required.
    (d)(1) Paragraph (d) of this section applies to both light-duty 
trucks and heavy-duty engines.
    (2)(i) The results of all emission testing shall be supplied to the 
Administrator. The manufacturer shall furnish to the Administrator 
explanation for voiding any test. The Administrator will determine if 
voiding the test was appropriate based upon the explanation given by the 
manufacturer for the voided test. Tests between test points may be 
conducted as required by the Administrator. Data from all tests 
(including voided tests) may be submitted weekly to the Administrator, 
but shall be air posted or delivered to the Administrator within 7 days 
after completion of the tests. In addition, all test data shall be 
compiled and provided to the Administrator in accordance with 
Sec. 86.090-23. Where the Administrator conducts a test on a durability-
data vehicle at a prescribed test point, the results of that test will 
be used in the calculation of the deterioration factor.
    (ii) The results of all emission tests shall be recorded and 
reported to the Administrator. These test results shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67, to the number of decimal places contained 
in the applicable emission standard expressed to one additional 
significant figure.
    (3) Whenever a manufacturer intends to operate and test a vehicle 
(or engine) which may be used for emission data, the manufacturer shall 
retain in its records all information concerning all emissions tests and 
maintenance, including vehicle (or engine) alterations to represent 
other vehicle (or engine) selections. This information shall be 
submitted, including the vehicle (or engine) description and 
specification information required by the Administrator, to the 
Administrator following the emission-data test.
    (4)-(5) [Reserved]
    (6) Emission testing of any type with respect to any certification 
vehicle or engine other than that specified in this subpart is not 
allowed except as such testing may be specifically authorized by the 
Administrator.

[54 FR 14478, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.090-27  Special test procedures.

    (a) The Administrator may, on the basis of written application by a 
manufacturer, prescribe test procedures, other than those set forth in 
this part, for any light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, heavy-duty 
engine, or heavy-duty vehicle which the Administrator determines is not 
susceptible to satisfactory testing by the procedures set forth in this 
part.
    (b) If the manufacturer does not submit a written application for 
use of special test procedures but the Administrator determines that a 
light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, heavy-duty engine, or heavy-duty 
vehicle is not susceptible to satisfactory testing by the procedures set 
forth in this part, the Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in 
writing and set forth the reasons for such rejection in accordance with 
the provisions of Sec. 86.090-22(c).

[54 FR 14481, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.091-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.090-2 remain effective. The definitions 
listed in this section apply beginning with the 1991 model year.

[[Page 114]]

    Urban bus means a heavy heavy-duty diesel-powered passenger-carrying 
vehicle with a load capacity of fifteen or more passengers and intended 
primarily for intra-city operation, i.e., within the confines of a city 
or greater metropolitan area. Urban bus operation is characterized by 
short rides and frequent stops. To facilitate this type of operation, 
more than one set of quick-operating entrance and exit doors would 
normally be installed. Since fares are usually paid in cash or tokens 
rather than purchased in advance in the form of tickets, urban buses 
would normally have equipment installed for collection of fares. Urban 
buses are also typically characterized by the absence of equipment and 
facilities for long distance travel, e.g., rest rooms, large luggage 
compartments, and facilities for stowing carry-on luggage. The useful 
life for urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy 
heavy-duty diesel engines.

[55 FR 30619, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.091-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

    (a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle (or new motor vehicle 
engine) subject to any of the standards or procedures prescribed in this 
subpart shall establish, maintain and retain the following adequately 
organized and indexed records.
    (1) General records. (i) The records required to be maintained by 
this paragraph shall consist of:
    (A) Identification and description of all certification vehicles (or 
certification engines) for which testing is required under this subpart.
    (B) A description of all emission control systems which are 
installed on or incorporated in each certification vehicle (or 
certification engine).
    (C) A description of all procedures used to test each such 
certification vehicle (or certification engine).
    (ii) A properly filed application for certification, following the 
format prescribed by the US EPA for the appropriate model year, fulfills 
each of the requirements of this paragraph (a)(1).
    (2) Individual records. (i) A brief history of each motor vehicle 
(or motor vehicle engine) used for certification under this subpart 
including:
    (A) In the case where a current production engine is modified for 
use in a certification vehicle (or as a certification engine), a 
description of the process by which the engine was selected and of the 
modifications made. In the case where the engine for a certification 
vehicle (or certification engine) is not derived from a current 
production engine, a general description of the buildup of the engine 
(e.g., experimental heads were cast and machined according to supplied 
drawings, etc.). In both cases above, a description of the origin and 
selection process for carburetor, distributor, fuel system components, 
fuel injection components, emission control system components, smoke 
exhaust emission control system components, and exhaust aftertreatment 
devices as applicable, shall be included. The required descriptions 
shall specify the steps taken to assure that the certification vehicle 
(or certification engine) with respect to its engine, drivetrain, fuel 
system, emission control system components, exhaust aftertreatment 
devices, smoke exhaust emission control system components, vehicle 
weight or any other devices or components, as applicable, that can 
reasonably be expected to influence exhaust or evaporative emissions, as 
applicable, will be representative of production vehicles (or engines) 
and that either all components and/or vehicles (or engine) construction 
processed, component inspection and selection techniques, and assembly 
techniques employed in constructing such vehicles (or engines) are 
reasonably likely to be implemented for production vehicles (or engines) 
or that they are as closely analogous as practicable to planned 
construction and assembly processed.
    (B) A complete record of all emission tests performed (except tests 
performed by EPA directly), including test results, the date and purpose 
of each test, and the number of miles accumulated on the vehicle (or the 
number of hours accumulated on the engine).
    (C) The date of each mileage (or service) accumulation run, listing 
the mileage (or number of operating hours) accumulated.

[[Page 115]]

    (D) [Reserved]
    (E) A record and description of all maintenance and other servicing 
performed, giving the date of the maintenance or service and the reason 
for it.
    (F) A record and description of each test performed to diagnose 
engine or emission control system performance, giving the date and time 
of the test and the reason for it.
    (G) [Reserved]
    (H) A brief description of any significant events affecting the 
vehicle (or engine) during any time in the period covered by the history 
not described by an entry under one of the previous headings including 
such extraordinary events as vehicle accidents (or accidents involving 
the engine) or dynamometer runaway.
    (ii) Each such history shall be started on the date that the first 
of any of the selection or buildup activities in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(A) 
of this section occurred with respect to the certification vehicle (or 
engine) changes or additional work is done on it, and shall be kept in a 
designated location.
    (3) All records, other than routine emission test records, required 
to be maintained under this subpart shall be retained by the 
manufacturer for a period of six (6) years after issuance of all 
certificates of conformity to which they relate. Routine emission test 
records shall be retained by the manufacturer for a period of one (1) 
year after issuance of all certificates of conformity to which they 
relate. Records may be retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, 
ADP diskettes, etc., depending on the record retention procedures of the 
manufacturer; Provided, That in every case all the information contained 
in the hard copy shall be retained.
    (b) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle (or new motor vehicle 
engine) subject to any of the standards prescribed in this subpart shall 
submit to the Administrator at the time of issuance by the manufacturer 
copies of all instructions or explanations regarding the use, repair, 
adjustment, maintenance, or testing of such vehicle (or engine) relevant 
to the control of crankcase, exhaust or evaporative emissions, as 
applicable, issued by the manufacturer for use by other manufacturers, 
assembly plants, distributors, dealers, and ultimate purchasers, 
Provided, That any material not translated into the English language 
need not be submitted unless specifically requested by the 
Administrator.
    (c)(1) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) of any new vehicle or engine that is certified under 
averaging, trading, or banking programs (as applicable) shall establish, 
maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed 
records for each such vehicle or heavy-duty engine produced:
    (i) EPA engine family.
    (ii) Vehicle (or engine) identification number.
    (iii) Vehicle (or engine) model year and build date.
    (iv) BHP rating (heavy-duty engines only).
    (v) Purchaser and destination.
    (vi) Assembly plant.
    (2) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) of any new vehicle or engine family that is certified under 
averaging, trading, or banking programs (as applicable) shall establish, 
maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed 
records for each such family:
    (i) EPA engine family.
    (ii) FEL.
    (iii) BHP conversion factor and the transient test BHP for each 
configuration tested (heavy-duty engines only).
    (iv) Useful life.
    (v) Projected U.S. production volume for the model year.
    (vi) Actual U.S. production volume for the model year.
    (3) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) shall retain all records required to be maintained under 
this section for a period of six years from the due date for the end-of-
model year averaging, trading, and banking reports. Records may be 
retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, ADP files, etc., 
depending on the manufacturer's record retention procedure; Provided, 
That in every case all the information contained in the hard copy is 
retained.
    (4) Nothing in this section limits the Administrator's discretion in 
requiring the manufacturer to retain additional

[[Page 116]]

records or submit information not specifically required by this section.
    (5) Pursuant to a request made by the Administrator, the 
manufacturer shall submit to him the information that is required to be 
retained.
    (6) EPA may void ab initio a certificate of conformity for a vehicle 
or engine family for which the manufacturer fails to retain the records 
required in this section or to provide such information to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (7) Any engine family using NCPs must comply with the provisions 
established in the NCP program provided by 40 CFR part 86, subpart L.
    (8) Any manufacturer, producing an engine family participating in 
trading using reserved credits, shall maintain the following records on 
a quarterly basis for each engine family in the trading subclass:
    (i) The engine family,
    (ii) The averaging set,
    (iii) The actual quarterly and cumulative U.S. production volumes,
    (iv) The value required to calculate credits as given in 
Sec. 86.091-15,
    (v) The resulting type [NOX or particulate] and number of 
credits generated/required,
    (vi) How and where credit surpluses are dispersed, and
    (vii) How and through what means credit deficits are met.
    (d)(1) Any manufacturer who has applied for certification of a new 
motor vehicle (or new motor vehicle engine) subject to certification 
test under this subpart shall admit or cause to be admitted any EPA 
Enforcement Officer or any EPA authorized representative during 
operating hours on presentation of credentials to any of the following:
    (i) Any facility where any such tests or any procedures or 
activities connected with such test are or were performed.
    (ii) Any facility where any new motor vehicle (or new motor vehicle 
engine) which is being, was, or is to be tested is present.
    (iii) Any facility where any construction process or assembly 
process used in the modification or build up of such a vehicle (or 
engine) into a certification vehicle (or certification engine) is taking 
place or has taken place.
    (iv) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any 
of the above is located.
    (v) Any facility where any record or other document relating to the 
information specified in paragraph (c) of this section is located.
    (2) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (d)(1) 
of this section, any EPA Enforcement Officer or any EPA authorized 
representative shall be allowed:
    (i) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of such procedures, 
activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, 
monitoring vehicle (or engine) preconditioning, emissions tests and 
mileage (or service) accumulation, maintenance, and vehicle soak and 
storage procedures (or engine storage procedures), and to verify 
correlation or calibration of test equipment;
    (ii) To inspect and make copies of any such records, designs, or 
other documents, including those records specified in paragraph (c) of 
this section; and
    (iii) To inspect and/or photograph any part or aspect of any such 
certification vehicle (or certification engine) and any components to be 
used in the construction thereof.
    (3) In order to allow the Administrator to determine whether or not 
production motor vehicles (or production motor vehicle engines) conform 
to the conditions upon which a certificate of conformity has been 
issued, or conform in all material respects to the design specifications 
which applied to those vehicles (or engines) described in the 
application for certification for which a certificate of conformity has 
been issued to standards prescribed under section 202 of the Act, any 
manufacturer shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer or any EPA 
authorized representative on presentation of credentials to both:
    (i) Any facility where any document, design, or procedure relating 
to the translation of the design and construction of engines and 
emission related components described in the application for 
certification or used for certification testing into production vehicles 
(or production engines) is located or carried on;

[[Page 117]]

    (ii) Any facility where any motor vehicles (or motor vehicle 
engines) to be introduced into commerce are manufactured or assembled; 
and
    (iii) Any facility where records specified in paragraph (c) of this 
section are located.
    (4) On admission to any such facility referred to in paragraph 
(d)(4) of this section, any EPA Enforcement Officer or any EPA 
authorized representative shall be allowed:
    (i) To inspect and monitor any aspects of such manufacture or 
assembly and other procedures;
    (ii) To inspect and make copies of any such records, documents or 
designs;
    (iii) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any such new 
motor vehicles (or new motor vehicle engines) and any component used in 
the assembly thereof that are reasonably related to the purpose of his 
entry; and
    (iv) To inspect and make copies of any records and documents 
specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (5) Any EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA authorized representative 
shall be furnished by those in charge of a facility being inspected with 
such reasonable assistance as he may request to help him discharge any 
function listed in this paragraph. Each applicant for or recipient of 
certification is required to cause those in charge of a facility 
operated for its benefit to furnish such reasonable assistance without 
charge to EPA whether or not the applicant controls the facility.
    (6) The duty to admit or cause to be admitted any EPA Enforcement 
Officer or EPA authorized representative applies whether or not the 
applicant owns or controls the facility in question and applies both to 
domestic and to foreign manufacturers and facilities. EPA will not 
attempt to make any inspections which it has been informed that local 
law forbids. However, if local law makes it impossible to do what is 
necessary to insure the accuracy of data generated at a facility, no 
informed judgment that a vehicle or engine is certifiable or is covered 
by a certificate can properly be based on those data. It is the 
responsibility of the manufacturer to locate its testing and 
manufacturing facilities in jurisdictions where this situation will not 
arise.
    (7) For purposes of this paragraph:
    (i) Presentation of credentials shall mean display of the document 
designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA authorized 
representative.
    (ii) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities 
are concerned, operating hours shall mean all times during which 
personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of 
the area or facility and have access to it.
    (iii) Where facilities or areas other than those covered by 
paragraph (d)(7)(ii) of this section are concerned, operating hours 
shall mean all times during which an assembly line is in operation or 
all times during which testing, maintenance, mileage (or service) 
accumulation, production or compilation of records, or any other 
procedure or activity related to certification testing, to translation 
of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to vehicle 
(or engine) manufacture or assembly is being carried out in a facility.
    (iv) Reasonable assistance includes, but is not limited to, 
clerical, copying, interpretation and translation services, the making 
available on request of personnel of the facility being inspected during 
their working hours to inform the EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA 
authorized representative of how the facility operates and to answer his 
questions, and the performance on request of emissions tests on any 
vehicle (or engine) which is being, has been, or will be used for 
certification testing. Such tests shall be nondestructive, but may 
require appropriate mileage (or service) accumulation. A manufacturer 
may be compelled to cause the personal appearance of any employee at 
such a facility before an EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA authorized 
representative by written request for his appearance, signed by the 
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, served on the 
manufacturer. Any such employee who has been instructed by the 
manufacturer to appear will be entitled to be accompanied, represented, 
and advised by counsel.

[[Page 118]]

    (v) Any entry without 24 hour prior written or oral notification to 
the affected manufacturer shall be authorized in writing by the 
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.
    (8) EPA may void ab initio a certificate of conformity for vehicle 
or engine families introduced into commerce if the manufacturer (or 
contractor for the manufacturer, if applicable) fails to comply with any 
provision of this section.
    (e) EPA Enforcement Officers or EPA authorized representatives are 
authorized to seek a warrant or court order authorizing the EPA 
Enforcement Officers or EPA authorized representatives to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section, as 
appropriate, to execute the functions specified in this section. EPA 
Enforcement Officers or EPA authorized representatives may proceed ex 
parte to obtain a warrant whether or not the Enforcement Officers first 
attempted to seek permission of the manufacturer or the party in charge 
of the facilities in question to conduct activities related to entry and 
access as authorized in this section.
    (f) A manufacturer shall permit EPA Enforcement Officers or EPA 
authorized representatives who present a warrant or court order as 
described in paragraph (e) of this section to conduct activities related 
to entry and access as authorized in this section and as described in 
the warrant or court order. The manufacturer shall cause those in charge 
of its facility or facility operated for its benefit to permit EPA 
Enforcement Officers or EPA authorized representatives to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section 
pursuant to a warrant or court order whether or not the manufacturer 
controls the facility. In the absence of such a warrant or court order, 
EPA Enforcement Officers or EPA authorized representatives may conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section 
only upon the consent of the manufacturer or the party in charge of the 
facilities in question.
    (g) It is not a violation of this part or the Clean Air Act for any 
person to refuse to permit EPA Enforcement Officers or EPA authorized 
representatives to conduct activities related to entry and access as 
authorized in this section without a warrant or court order.

[55 FR 30619, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.091-9  Emission standards for 1991 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    (a)(1) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this 
section shall apply to light-duty trucks sold for principal use at other 
than a designated high-altitude location. Exhaust emissions from 1991 
and later model year light-duty trucks shall not exceed:
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel 
light-duty trucks). 0.80 gram per vehicle mile (0.50 gram per vehicle 
kilometer).
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and 
diesel light-duty trucks). 0.80 gram per vehicle mile (0.50 gram per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (ii) Carbon monoxide.
    (A) 10 grams per vehicle mile (6.2 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (for Otto-cycle 
and methanol-fueled diesel light-duty trucks only).
    (iii) Oxides of nitrogen.
    (A) For light-duty trucks up to and including 3,750 lbs loaded 
vehicle weight, 1.2 grams per vehicle mile (0.75 gram per vehicle 
kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks greater loaded vehicle weight, 1.7 grams 
per vehicle mile (1.1 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include any light-duty truck engine 
families in the NOX averaging program, provided that it does 
not elect to pay an NCP for noncompliance with any emission standard 
applicable to that light-duty truck family. Trucks produced for sale in 
California or in designated high-altitude areas may be averaged only 
within each of those areas. Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled engine 
families may not be averaged together. Otto-cycle and diesel engine 
families may not be averaged together. If the manufacturer elects to 
participate in the NOX averaging program, individual family 
NOX emission limits may not exceed 2.3 grams per

[[Page 119]]

mile. If the manufacturer elects to average together NOX 
emissions of light-duty trucks subject to the standards of paragraphs 
(a)(1)(iii)(A) and (a)(1)(iii)(B) of this section, its composite 
NOX standard applies to the combined fleets of light-duty 
trucks up to and including, and over, 3750 lbs loaded vehicle weight 
included in the average, and is calculated as defined in Sec. 86.088-2.
    (iv) Particulate (for diesel light-duty trucks only).
    (A) For light-duty trucks up to and including 3,750 lbs loaded 
vehicle weight, 0.26 gram per vehicle mile (0.16 gram per vehicle 
kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs and greater loaded vehicle 
weight, 0.13 gram per vehicle mile (0.08 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include any diesel light-duty truck 
engine families in the appropriate particulate averaging program 
(petroleum and methanol), provided that it does not elect to pay an NCP 
for noncompliance with any emission standard applicable to that light-
duty truck family. Trucks produced for sale in California or in 
designated high-altitude areas may be averaged only within each of those 
areas, and light-duty trucks subject to the standard of paragraph 
(a)(1)(iv)(B) of this section may be averaged only with other light-duty 
trucks subject to the standard of paragraph (a)(1)(iv)(B) of this 
section. Averaging is not permitted between fuel types. If the 
manufacturer elects to average both light-duty trucks subject to the 
standards of paragraphs (a)(1)(iv)(A) of this section and light-duty 
vehicles together in the appropriate particulate averaging program, its 
composite particulate standard applies to the combined set of light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks that are included in the average and is 
calculated as defined in Sec. 86.088-2.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii)(A), 
(a)(1)(iii), and (a)(1)(iv) of this section refer to the exhaust emitted 
over a driving schedule as set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures. The 
standard set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this section refers to 
the exhaust emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in 
accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (b) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1991 and later model year light-
duty trucks shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is 
optional for 1991 model year methanol-fueled vehicles):
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.0 grams 
per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty 
trucks). 2.0 grams per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1991 and later model year light-duty truck.
    (d)(1) Model year 1991 and later light-duty trucks sold for 
principal use at a designated high-altitude location shall be capable of 
meeting the following exhaust emission standards when tested under high-
altitude conditions:
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel 
light-duty trucks). 1.0 grams per vehicle mile (0.62 grams per vehicle 
kilometer).
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and 
diesel light-duty trucks). 1.0 gram per vehicle mile (0.62 gram per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (ii) Carbon Monoxide. (A) 14 grams per vehicle mile (8.7 grams per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (for Otto-cycle 
and methanol-fueled diesel light duty trucks only).
    (iii) Oxides of Nitrogen. (A) For light-duty trucks up to and 
including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 1.2 grams per vehicle mile 
(0.75 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs and greater loaded vehicle 
weight, 1.7 grams per vehicle mile (1.1 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (iv) Particulate (for diesel light-duty trucks only). (A) For light-
duty trucks

[[Page 120]]

up to and including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 0.26 gram per 
vehicle mile (0.16 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs and greater loaded vehicle 
weight, 0.13 gram per vehicle mile (0.08 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii)(A), 
(d)(1)(iii), and (d)(1)(iv) of this section refer to the exhaust emitted 
over a driving schedule as set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures. The 
standard set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(B) of this section refers to 
the exhaust emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in 
accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (e) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1991 and later model year light-
duty trucks sold for principal use at a designated high-altitude 
location, when tested under high-altitude conditions, shall not exceed:
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.6 grams 
per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty 
trucks). 2.6 grams per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (e) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (f) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1991 and later model year light-duty trucks sold for 
principal use at a designated high-altitude location.
    (g)(1) Any light-duty truck that a manufacturer wishes to certify 
for sale at low altitude must be capable of meeting high-altitude 
emission standards (specified in paragraphs (d) through (f) of this 
section). The manufacturer may specify vehicle adjustments or 
modifications to allow the vehicle to meet high-altitude standards but 
these adjustments or modifications may not alter the vehicle's basic 
engine, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle 
ratio.
    (i) A manufacturer may certify unique configurations to meet the 
high-altitude standards but is not required to certify these vehicle 
configurations to meet the low-altitude standards.
    (ii) Any adjustments or modifications that are recommended to be 
performed on vehicles to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (g)(1) of 
this section:
    (A) Shall be capable of being effectively performed by commercial 
repair facilities, and
    (B) Must be included in the manufacturer's application for 
certification.
    (2) The manufacturer may exempt 1991 and later model year vehicles 
from compliance with the high-altitude emission standards set forth in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section if the vehicles are not intended 
for sale at high altitude and if the following requirements are met. A 
vehicle configuration shall only be considered eligible for exemption if 
the requirements of either paragraph (g)(2) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of 
this section are met.
    (i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and 
engine speed-to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted 
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is 
determined according to the following procedure:
    (A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data 
of all vehicle configurations it will offer for the model year in 
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine 
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the gross vehicle 
weight (GVW) expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate shall be 
N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions per 
minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At the 
manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N/V. The gear selection must be the same for all N/V data 
points on the manufacturer's graph. For each transmission/axle ratio 
combination, only the lowest N/V value shall be used in the graphical 
display.
    (B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(D/
W)-0.9 where the constant, C, is determined by the 
requirement that all the vehicle

[[Page 121]]

data points either fall on the line or lie to the upper right of the 
line as displayed on the graphs.
    (C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(0.84 
D/W)-0.9 where the constant, C, is the same as that found in 
paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B) of this section.
    (D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which 
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on 
the graph.
    (ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range 
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is 
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in 
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section 
and by using the product line N/V = C(hp/W)-0.9.
    (A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of 
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349, or any subsequent version of 
that test procedure. Any of the horsepower determinants within that test 
procedure may be used, as long as it is used consistently throughout the 
manufacturer's product line in any model year.
    (B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this 
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle configurations as 
set forth in paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to 
accelerate from 0 to a speed not less than 40 miles per hour and not 
greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude conditions is 
greater than the largest acceleration time under low-altitude conditions 
for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure to be followed in 
making this determination is:
    (A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle configuration and 
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle 
configuration which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude 
conditions of all the vehicle configurations it will offer for the model 
year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description of 
the methodology used to make this determination.
    (B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle configurations and 
acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those vehicles 
configurations which have higher acceleration times under high-altitude 
conditions than the highest acceleration time at low altitude identified 
in paragraph (g)(2)(iii)(A) of this section.
    (iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraph 
(g)(2)(iii) of this section, its acceleration time can be estimated 
based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in accordance with 
good engineering practice, to meet the exemption criteria of paragraph 
(g)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph 
(g)(2) of this section will be considered a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.

[53 FR 43876, Oct. 31, 1988, as amended at 54 FR 14612, Apr. 11, 1989; 
55 FR 46627, Nov. 5, 1990]



Sec. 86.091-10  Emission standards for 1991 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 1991 and later model year Otto-
cycle heavy-duty engines shall not exceed (compliance with these 
standards is optional through the 1996 model year natural gas- and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled heavy-duty engines):
    (i) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or 
liquefied petroleum gas, and intended for use in all vehicles except as 
provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this paragraph.
    (A) Hydrocarbons. 1.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.41 gram per 
megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.36 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or 
liquefied petroleum gas and utilizing aftertreatment technology. 0.50 
percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.

[[Page 122]]

    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its gasoline-
fueled Otto-cycle heavy duty engine families in any or all of the 
NOX averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty 
engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading, or banking 
programs.
    (3) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all 
of the NOX averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-
duty engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If 
the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these 
programs, the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies 
whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or 
banking programs.
    (ii) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline 
or liquefied petroleum gas, and intended for use only in vehicles with a 
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 lbs.
    (A) Hydrocarbons. 1.9 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.71 gram per 
megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) Carbon Monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (13.8 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or 
liquefied petroleum gas and utilizing aftertreatment technology. 0.50 
percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its gasoline-
fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the 
NOX averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty 
engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (3) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all 
of the NOX averaging, trading or banking programs for heavy-
duty engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If 
the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these 
programs, the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies 
whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or 
banking programs.
    (iii) For methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines intended for 
use in all vehicles, except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section.
    (A) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent. 1.1 gram per brake horsepower-hour 
(0.41 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.36 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its methanol-
fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the 
NOX averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty 
engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (iv) For methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines intended for 
use

[[Page 123]]

only in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs.
    (A) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent. 1.9 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (0.71 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (13.8 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its methanol-
fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the 
NOX averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty 
engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (v) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines intended 
for use in all vehicles except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section.
    (A) Nonmethane hydrocarbons. 0.9 gram per brake horsepower-hour 
(0.33 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.36 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing 
aftertreatment technology. 0.50 percent of exhaust flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its natural 
gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the 
NOX averaging, trading or banking programs for heavy-duty 
engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (vi) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines intended for use only 
in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 
lbs.
    (A) Nonmethane hydrocarbons. 1.7 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(0.63 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (13.8 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing 
aftertreatment technology. 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb 
idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its natural 
gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the 
NOX averaging, trading or banking programs for heavy-duty 
engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (2.2 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over the operating schedule set forth in 
paragraph (f)(1) of appendix I to this part, and measured and calculated 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart N or P.
    (3)(i) A manufacturer may certify one or more Otto-cycle heavy-duty 
engine configurations intended for use in all vehicles to the emission 
standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii), (a)(1)(iv) or (a)(1)(vi) 
of this section: Provided, that the total model year sales of such 
configuration(s), segregated by fuel type, being certified to the 
emission

[[Page 124]]

standards in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section represent no more than 
five percent of total model year sales of each fuel type Otto-cycle 
heavy-duty engine intended for use in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle 
Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds by the manufacturer.
    (ii) The configurations certified to the emission standards of 
paragraphs (a)(1) (ii), (iv) and (vi) of this section under the 
provisions of paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section shall still be 
required to meet the evaporative emission standards set forth in 
paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (b)(2)(i) and (b)(3)(i) of this section.
    (b) Evaporative emissions from 1991 and later model year heavy-duty 
vehicles shall not exceed:
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled 
engines). (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
14,000 lbs, 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs, 4.0 grams per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for vehicles equipped with 
methanol-fueled engines).
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs, 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs, 4.0 grams per test.
    (3)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of 
this section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart M and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and 
(b)(2)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering 
design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which 
is required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1991 or later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty 
engine.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart N or P of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10652, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 14464, Apr. 11, 1989; 
55 FR 30622, July 26, 1990; 59 FR 48492, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.091-11  Emission standards for 1991 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 1991 and later model year diesel 
heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following:
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled diesel engines). 1.3 grams 
per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under 
transient operating conditions.
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. (A) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-fueled 
diesel only).
    (iii) Oxides of nitrogen. (A) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(1.9 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the NOX 
averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the manufacturer elects 
to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (2.2 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (iv) Particulate (A) For all diesel engines, including those to be 
used in

[[Page 125]]

urban buses, 0.25 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per 
megajoule) as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) [Reserved]
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the 
restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the particulate FELs 
may not exceed 0.60 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.22 gram per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over operating schedules as set forth in 
paragraph (f)(2) of appendix I of this part, and measured and calculated 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart N of this part, 
except as noted in Sec. 86.091-23(c)(2) (i) and (iii).
    (b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 1991 and later model 
year diesel heavy-duty engines shall not exceed:
    (i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.
    (iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set 
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus 
methanol) from 1991 and later model year heavy-duty vehicles equipped 
with methanol-fueled diesel engines shall not exceed:
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs, 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs, 4.0 grams per test.
    (4)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the 
conditions set forth in subpart M and measured in accordance with those 
procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs, the standard set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this 
section refers to the manufacturers' engineering design evaluation using 
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1991 or later model year methanol-fueled diesel, 
or any naturally-aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum 
fueled engines only, this provision does not apply to engines using 
turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) and (d) of this section.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10653, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 14465, Apr. 11, 1989; 
55 FR 30622, July 26, 1990; 56 FR 64711, Dec. 12, 1991]



Sec. 86.091-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

    (a)(1) Heavy-duty engines eligible for the NOX and 
particulate averaging, trading, and banking programs are described in 
the applicable emission standards sections in this subpart. 
Participation in these programs is voluntary.
    (2)(i) Engine families with FELs exceeding the applicable standard 
shall obtain emission credits in a mass amount sufficient to address the 
shortfall. Credits may be obtained from

[[Page 126]]

averaging, trading, or banking, within the averaging set restrictions 
described in this section.
    (ii) Engine families with FELs below the applicable standard will 
have emission credits available to average, trade, bank or a combination 
thereof. Credits may not be used to offset emissions that exceed an FEL. 
Credits may not be used to remedy an in-use nonconformity determined by 
a Selective Enforcement Audit or by recall testing. However, credits may 
be used to allow subsequent production of engines for the family in 
question if the manufacturer elects to recertify to a higher FEL.
    (iii) Engine families within a given averaging set may not both 
generate and use like emission credits in the same model year. This 
restriction is to be applied on a pollutant-specific basis.
    (b) Participation in the NOX and/or particulate 
averaging, trading, and banking programs shall be done as follows.
    (1) During certification, the manufacturer shall:
    (i) Declare its intent to include specific engine families in the 
averaging, trading and/or banking programs. Separate declarations are 
required for each program and for each pollutant (i.e., NOX 
and particulate).
    (ii) Declare an FEL for each engine family participating in one or 
more of these three programs.
    (A) The FEL must be to the same level of significant digits as the 
emission standard (one-tenth of a gram per brake horsepower for 
NOX emissions and one-hundredth of a gram per brake 
horsepower-hour for particulate emissions).
    (B) In no case may the FEL exceed the upper limit prescribed in the 
section concerning the applicable heavy-duty engine NOX and 
particulate emission standards.
    (iii) Calculate the projected emission credits ( + / - ) based on 
quarterly production projections for each participating family and for 
each pollutant (NOX and particulate), using the equation in 
paragraph (c) of this section and the applicable factors for the 
specific engine family.
    (iv)(A) Determine and state the source of the needed credits 
according to quarterly projected production for engine families 
requiring credits for certification.
    (B) State where the quarterly projected credits will be applied for 
engine families generating credits.
    (C) Credits may be obtained from or applied to only engine families 
within the same averaging set as described in paragraphs (d) and (e) of 
this section. Credits available for averaging, trading, or banking as 
defined in Sec. 86.090-2, may be applied to a given engine famil(y) 
(ies), or reserved as defined in Sec. 86.091-2.
    (2) Based on this information each manufacturer's certification 
application must demonstrate:
    (i) That at the end of model year production, each engine family has 
a net emissions credit balance of zero or more using the methodology in 
paragraph (c) of this section with any credits obtained from averaging, 
trading or banking.
    (ii) The source of the credits to be used to comply with the 
emission standard if the FEL exceeds the standard, or where credits will 
be applied if the FEL is less than the emission standard. In cases where 
credits are being obtained, each engine family involved must state 
specifically the source (manufacturer/engine family) of the credits 
being used. In cases where credits are being generated/supplied, each 
engine family involved must state specifically the designated use 
(manufacturer/engine family or reserved) of the credits involved. All 
such reports shall include all credits involved in averaging, trading or 
banking.
    (3) During the model year manufacturers must:
    (i) Monitor projected versus actual production to be certain that 
compliance with the emission standards is achieved at the end of the 
model year.
    (ii) Provide the end of-model year reports required under 
Sec. 86.091-23.
    (iii) Maintain the quarterly records required under Sec. 86.091-
7(c)(8).
    (4) Projected credits based on information supplied in the 
certification application may be used to obtain a certificate of 
conformity. However, any such credits may be revoked based on review of 
end-of-model year reports, follow-up audits, and any other

[[Page 127]]

verification steps deemed appropriate by the Administrator.
    (5) Compliance under averaging, banking, and trading will be 
determined at the end of the model year. Engine families without an 
adequate amount of actual NOX and/or particulate emission 
credits will violate the conditions of the certificate of conformity. 
The certificates of conformity may be voided ab initio for those engine 
families.
    (6) If EPA or the manufacturer determines that a reporting error 
occurred on an end-of-year report previously submitted to EPA under this 
section, the manufacturer's credits and credit calculations will be 
recalculated. Erroneous positive credits will be void. Erroneous 
negative credit balances may be adjusted by EPA.
    (i) If EPA review of a manufacturer's end-of-year report indicates 
an inadvertent credit shortfall, the manufacturer will be permitted to 
purchase the necessary credits to bring the credit balance for that 
engine family to zero, at the ratio of 1.2 credits purchased for every 
credit needed to bring the balance to zero. If sufficient credits are 
not available to bring the credit balance for the engine family in 
question to zero, EPA may void the certificate for that engine family ab 
initio.
    (ii) If within 90 days of receipt of the manufacturer's end-of-year 
report, EPA review determines a reporting error in the manufacturer's 
favor (i.e., resulting in a positive credit balance) or if the 
manufacturer discovers such an error within 90 days of EPA receipt of 
the end-of-year report, the credits will be restored for use by the 
manufacturer.
    (c)(1) For each participating engine family, NOX and 
particulate emission credits (positive or negative) are to be calculated 
according to one of the following equations and rounded, in accordance 
with ASTM E29-67, to the nearest one-tenth of a Megagram (Mg). 
Consistent units are to be used throughout the equation.
    For determining credit need for all engine families and credit 
availability for engine families generating credits for averaging 
programs only:

Emission credits=(Std-FEL) x (CF) x (UL) x - 
(Production) x (10-6)

    For determining credit availability for engine families generating 
credits for trading or banking programs:

Emission credits=(Std-FEL) x (CF) x (UL) x - 
(Production) x (10-6) x (0.8)

Where:

Std=the current and applicable heavy-duty engine NOX or 
particulate emission standard in grams per brake horsepower hour or 
grams per Megajoule.
FEL=the NOX or particulate family emission limit for the 
engine family in grams per brake horsepower-hour or grams per Megajoule.
CF=a transient cycle conversion factor in BHP-hr/mi or MJ/mi, as given 
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
UL=the useful life, or alternative life as described in paragraph (f) of 
Sec. 86.090-21, for the given engine family in miles.
Production=the number of engines produced for U.S. sales within the 
given engine family during the model year. Quarterly production 
projections are used for initial certification. Actual production is 
used for end-of-year compliance determination.
0.8=a one-time discount applied to all credits to be banked or traded 
within the model year generated. Banked credits traded in a subsequent 
model year will not be subject to an additional discount. Banked credits 
used in a subsequent model year's averaging program will not have the 
discount restored.

    (2) The transient cycle conversion factor is the total (integrated) 
cycle brake horsepower-hour or Megajoules, divided by the equivalent 
mileage of the applicable transient cycle. For Otto-cycle heavy-duty 
engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.3 miles. For diesel heavy-duty 
engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.5 miles. When more than one 
configuration is chosen by EPA to be tested in the certification of an 
engine family (as described in Sec. 86.085-24), the conversion factor 
used is to be based upon the configuration generating the highest 
conversion factor when determining credit need and the lowest conversion 
factor when determining credit availability for banking, trading or 
averaging.
    (d) Averaging sets for NOX emission credits: The 
averaging and trading of NOX emission credits will only be 
allowed between heavy-duty engine families in the same averaging set and 
in the same regional category. Engines produced for sale in California 
constitute a separate regional category

[[Page 128]]

than engines produced for sale in the other 49 states. Banking and 
trading are not applicable to engines sold in California. The averaging 
sets for the averaging and trading of NOX emission credits 
for heavy-duty engines are defined as follows:
    (1) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines:
    (i) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading among all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families is 
allowed. There are no subclass restrictions.
    (ii) Gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles certified under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.085-1(b) may not average or trade credits with 
gasoline-fueled heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines, but may average or trade 
credits with light-duty trucks.
    (2) For diesel cycle heavy-duty engines:
    (i) Each of the three primary intended service classes for heavy-
duty diesel engines, as defined in Sec. 86.090-2, constitute an 
averaging set. Averaging and trading among all diesel cycle engine 
families within the same primary service class is allowed.
    (ii) Urban buses are treated as members of the primary intended 
service class where they would otherwise fall.
    (e) Averaging sets for particulate emission credits. The averaging 
and trading of particulate emission credits will only be allowed between 
diesel cycle heavy-duty engine families in the same averaging set and in 
the same regional category. Engines produced for sale in California 
constitute a separate regional category than engines produced for sale 
in the other 49 states. Banking and trading are not applicable to 
engines sold in California. The averaging sets for the averaging and 
trading of particulate emission credits for diesel cycle heavy-duty 
engines are defined as follows:
    (1) Engines intended for use in urban buses constitute a separate 
averaging set from all other heavy-duty engines. Averaging and trading 
among all diesel cycle bus engine families is allowed.
    (2) For heavy-duty engines, exclusive of urban bus engines, each of 
the three primary intended service classes for heavy-duty diesel cycle 
engines, as defined in Sec. 86.090-2, constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading between diesel cycle engine families within the 
same primary service class is allowed.
    (3) Otto-cycle engines may not participate in particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking.
    (f) Banking of NOX and particulate emission credits:
    (1) Credit deposits. (i) Under this phase of the banking program, 
emission credits may be banked from engine families produced during the 
three model years prior to the effective model year of the new HDE 
NOX or particulate emission standard. Credits may not be 
banked from engine families made during any other model years.
    (ii) Manufacturers may bank credits only after the end of the model 
year and after EPA has reviewed their end-of-year report. During the 
model year and before submittal of the end-of-year report, credits 
originally designated in the certification process for banking will be 
considered reserved and may be redesignated for trading or averaging.
    (2) Credit withdrawals. (i) After being generated, banked/reserved 
credits shall be available for use three model years prior to, through 
three model years immediately after the effective date of the new HDE 
NOX or particulate emission standard, as applicable. However, 
credits not used within the period specified above shall be forfeited.
    (ii) Manufacturers withdrawing banked emission credits shall 
indicate so during certification and in their credit reports, as 
described in Sec. 86.091-23.
    (3) Use of banked emission credits. The use of banked credits shall 
be within the averaging set and other restrictions described in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, and only for the following 
purposes:
    (i) Banked credits may be used in averaging, trading, or in any 
combination thereof, during the certification period. Credits declared 
for banking from the previous model year but unreviewed by EPA may also 
be used. However, they may be revoked at a later time following EPA 
review of the end-of-year report or any subsequent audit actions.
    (ii) Banked credits may not be used for NOX or 
particulate averaging and

[[Page 129]]

trading to offset emissions that exceed an FEL. Banked credits may not 
be used to remedy an in-use nonconformity determined by a Selective 
Enforcement Audit or by recall testing. However, banked credits may be 
used for subsequent production of the engine family if the manufacturer 
elects to recertify to a higher FEL.
    (g)(1) The following paragraphs assume NOX and 
particulate nonconformance penalties (NCPs) will be available for the 
1991 and later model year HDEs.
    (2) Engine families paying an NCP for noncompliance of any emission 
standard may not:
    (i) Participate in the averaging program,
    (ii) Generate emission credits for any pollutant under banking and 
trading, and
    (iii) Use emission credits for any pollutant from banking and 
trading.
    (3) If a manufacturer has any engine family to which application of 
NCPs and averaging, banking, and trading credits is desired, that family 
must be separated into two distinct families. One family, whose FEL 
equals the standard, must use NCPs only, while the other, whose FEL does 
not equal the standard, must use emission credits only.
    (4) If a manufacturer has any engine family in a given averaging set 
which is using NOX and/or particulate NCPs, none of that 
manufacturer's engine families in that averaging set may generate 
credits for banking and trading.
    (h) In the event of a negative credit balance in a trading 
situation, both the buyer and the seller would be liable.
    (i) Certification fuel used for credit generation must be of a type 
that is both available in use and expected to be used by the engine 
purchaser. Therefore, upon request by the Administrator, the engine 
manufacturer must provide information acceptable to the Administrator 
that the designated fuel is readily available commercially and would be 
used in customer service.

[55 FR 30622, July 26, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 46628, Nov. 5, 1990]



Sec. 86.091-21  Application for certification.

    (a) A separate application for a certificate of conformity shall be 
made for each set of standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) and each class of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle 
engines. Such application shall be made to the Administrator by the 
manufacturer and shall be updated and corrected by amendment.
    (b) The application shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer, and shall include the following:
    (1)(i) Identification and description of the vehicles (or engines) 
covered by the application and a description of their engine (vehicles 
only), emission control system and fuel system components. This shall 
include a detailed description of each auxiliary emission control device 
(AECD) to be installed in or on any certification test vehicle (or 
certification test engine).
    (ii)(A) The manufacturer shall provide to the Administrator in the 
application for certification:
    (1) A list of those parameters which are physically capable of being 
adjusted (including those adjustable parameters for which access is 
difficult) and that, if adjusted to settings other than the 
manufacturer's recommended setting, may affect emissions;
    (2) A specification of the manufacturer's intended physically 
adjustable range of each such parameter, and the production tolerances 
of the limits or stops used to establish the physically adjustable 
range;
    (3) A description of the limits or stops used to establish the 
manufacturer's intended physically adjustable range of each adjustable 
parameter, or any other means used to inhibit adjustment;
    (4) The nominal or recommended setting, and the associated 
production tolerances, for each such parameter.
    (B) The manufacturer may provide, in the application for 
certification, information relating to why certain parameters are not 
expected to be adjusted in actual use and to why the physical limits or 
stops used to establish the physically adjustable range of each 
parameter, or any other means used to inhibit adjustment, are effective 
in preventing adjustment of parameters on in-use vehicles to settings 
outside the manufacturer's intended

[[Page 130]]

physically adjustable ranges. This may include results of any tests to 
determine the difficulty of gaining access to an adjustment or exceeding 
a limit as intended or recommended by the manufacturer.
    (C) The Administrator may require to be provided detailed drawings 
and descriptions of the various emission related components, and/or 
hardware samples of such components, for the purpose of making his 
determination of which vehicle or engine parameter will be subject to 
adjustment for new certification and Selective Enforcement Audit testing 
and of the physically adjustable range for each such vehicle or engine 
parameter.
    (2) Projected U.S. sales data sufficient to enable the Administrator 
to select a test fleet representative of the vehicles (or engines) for 
which certification is requested. The sales data shall also include the 
altitude of intended sale for light-duty trucks.
    (3) A description of the test equipment and fuel proposed to be 
used.
    (4)(i) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a description 
of the test procedures to be used to establish the evaporative emission 
deterioration factors required to be determined and supplied in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(2).
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled engines, the Administrator does not assume that each 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination will deteriorate in a unique manner during the useful life 
of the vehicle. The manufacturer shall therefore identify those 
evaporative emission deterioration factors which shall be applied to the 
various evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combinations which are expected to exhibit similar deterioration 
characteristics during the useful life of the vehicle.
    (5)(i)(A) A description of the test procedures to be used to 
establish the durability data or the exhaust emission deterioration 
factors required to be determined and supplied in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(1).
    (B) A statement of the useful life of each light-duty truck engine 
family or heavy-duty engine family.
    (C) For engine families provided an alternative useful-life period 
under paragraph (f) of this section, a statement of that alternative 
period and a brief synopsis of the justification.
    (ii) For heavy-duty diesel engine families, a statement of the 
primary intended service class (light, medium, or heavy) and an 
explanation as to why that service class was selected. Each diesel 
engine family shall be certified under one primary intended service 
class only. After reviewing the guidance in Sec. 86.090-2, the class 
shall be determined on the basis of which class best represents the 
majority of the sales of that engine family.
    (iii)(A) For each light-duty truck engine family and each heavy-duty 
engine family, a statement of recommended maintenance and procedures 
necessary to assure that the vehicles (or engines) covered by a 
certificate of conformity in operation conform to the regulations, and a 
description of the program for training of personnel for such 
maintenance, and the equipment required.
    (B) A description of vehicle adjustments or modifications necessary, 
if any, to assure that light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks covered 
by a certificate of conformity conform to the regulations while being 
operated at any altitude locations, and a statement of the altitude at 
which the adjustments or modifications apply.
    (iv) At the option of the manufacturer, the proposed composition of 
the emission-data test fleet or (where applicable) the durability-data 
test fleet.
    (6)(i)(A) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the 
particulate averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and/or 
diesel light-duty trucks, the application must list the particulate FEL 
and the projected U.S. (49-state) production volume, by quarter, of the 
family for the model year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family 
particulate emission limits, accurate to one-hundredth of a gram per 
mile.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family particulate emission limit(s) by 
submitting the new limit(s) to the Administrator and by demonstrating 
compliance with the

[[Page 131]]

limit(s) as described in Sec. 86.090-2 and Sec. 86.091-28(b)(5)(i).
    (ii)(A) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the 
NOX averaging program for light-duty trucks, the application 
must list the NOX FEL and the projected U.S. (49-state) 
production volume, by quarter, of the family for the model year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family 
NOX emission limits, accurate to one-tenth of a gram per 
mile.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family NOX emission limit(s) by 
submitting the new limits to the Administrator and by demonstrating 
compliance with the limit(s) as described in Sec. 86.088-2 and 86.091-
28(b)(5)(ii).
    (iii) If the manufacturer elects to participate in any of the 
particulate and/or the NOX averaging, trading, or banking 
programs for heavy-duty engines, the application must list the 
information required in Sec. 86.091-15 and Sec. 86.091-23.
    (7)(i) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, the application must state 
whether the engine family is being certified for use in all vehicles 
regardless of their Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (see Sec. 86.091-10 
(a)(1)(i) and (a)(3)(i)), or, only for use in vehicles with a Gross 
Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 14,000 pounds.
    (ii) If the engine family is being certified for use in all vehicles 
and, is being certified to the emission standards applicable to Otto-
cycle engines for use only in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight 
Rating over 14,000 pounds under the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of 
Sec. 86.091-10, then the application must also attest that the engine 
family, together with all other engine families being certified under 
the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of Sec. 86.091-10, represent no more 
than 5 percent of model year sales of the manufacturer of all Otto-cycle 
heavy-duty engines for use in vehicles with Gross Vehicle Weight Ratings 
of up to 14,000 pounds.
    (c) Complete copies of the application and of any amendments 
thereto, and all notifications under Sec. 86.079-32, Sec. 86.079-33, and 
Sec. 86.082-34 shall be submitted in such multiple copies as the 
Administrator may require.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks shall have a maximum completed curb 
weight and maximum completed frontal area specified by the manufacturer.
    (e) For vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines, the manufacturer shall specify a maximum nominal 
fuel tank capacity for each evaporative emission family-evaporative 
emission control system combination.
    (f) Light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine manufacturers who believe 
that the useful life periods of Sec. 86.090-2 are significantly 
unrepresentative for one or more engine families (either too long or too 
short), may petition the Administrator to provide an alternative useful-
life period. This petition must include the full rationale behind the 
request together with any supporting data and other evidence. Based on 
this or other information the Administrator may assign an alternative 
useful-life period. Any petition should be submitted in a timely manner, 
to allow adequate time for a thorough evaluation.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10655, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 52 FR 47867, Dec. 16, 1987; 
54 FR 14469, Apr. 11, 1989; 55 FR 30625, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.091-23  Required data.

    (a) The manufacturer shall perform the tests required by the 
applicable test procedures, and submit to the Administrator the 
following information: Provided, however, That if requested by the 
manufacturer, the Administrator may waive any requirement of this 
section for testing of vehicle (or engine) for which emission data are 
available or will be made available under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-
29.
    (b)(1)(i) Exhaust emission durability data on such light-duty 
vehicles tested in accordance with applicable test procedures and in 
such numbers as specified, which will show the performance of the 
systems installed on or incorporated in the vehicle for extended

[[Page 132]]

mileage, as well as a record of all pertinent maintenance performed on 
the test vehicles.
    (ii) Exhaust emission deterioration factors for light-duty trucks 
and heavy-duty engines, and all test data that are derived from the 
testing described under Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(iii)(A), as well as a 
record of all pertinent maintenance. Such testing shall be designed and 
conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to assure that 
the engines covered by a certificate issued under Sec. 86.091-30 will 
meet the emission standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) 
in Sec. 86.091-9, Sec. 86.091-10, or Sec. 86.091-11 as appropriate, in 
actual use for the useful life of the engine.
    (2) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, evaporative 
emission deterioration factors for each evaporative emission family-
evaporative emission control system combination and all test data that 
are derived from testing described under Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(i) 
designed and conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to 
assure that the vehicles covered by a certificate issued under 
Sec. 86.091-30 will meet the evaporative emission standards in 
Sec. 86.091-8 or Sec. 86.091-9, as appropriate, for the useful life of 
the vehicle.
    (3) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled engines, evaporative emission deterioration factors for 
each evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination identified in accordance with Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(ii). 
Furthermore, a statement that the test procedure(s) used to derive the 
deterioration factors includes, but need not be limited to, a 
consideration of the ambient effects of ozone and temperature 
fluctuations, and the service accumulation effects of vibration, time, 
and vapor saturation and purge cycling. The deterioration factor test 
procedure shall be designed and conducted in accordance with good 
engineering practice to assure that the vehicles covered by a 
certificate issued under Sec. 86.091-30 will meet the evaporative 
emission standards in Sec. 86.091-10 and Sec. 86.091-11 in actual use 
for the useful life of the engine. Furthermore, a statement that a 
description of the test procedure, as well as all data, analyses and 
evaluations, is available to the Administrator upon request.
    (4)(i) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
up to 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
engines, a written statement to the Administrator certifying that the 
manufacturer's vehicles meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or 
Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator 
that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations, and other 
documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
greater than 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-
fueled engines, a written statement to the Administrator certifying that 
the manufacturer's evaporative emission control systems are designed, 
using good engineering practice, to meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 
or Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.09l-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator 
that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations, and other 
documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (c) Emission data. (1) Emission data, including in the case of 
methanol fuel, methanol, formaldehyde and total hydrocarbon equivalent 
on such vehicles tested in accordance with applicable test procedures 
and in such numbers as specified. These data shall include zero-mile 
data, if generated and emission data generated for certification as 
required under Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(i) or Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(ii). In 
lieu of providing emission data on idle CO emissions, smoke emissions or 
particulate emissions from methanol-fueled diesel certification vehicles 
the Administrator may, on request of the manufacturer, allow the 
manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, 
development tests, or other information) that the engine will conform 
with the applicable emission standards of Sec. 86.090-8 or Sec. 86.090-
9.

[[Page 133]]

    (2) Certification engines. (i) Emission data on such engines tested 
in accordance with applicable emission test procedures of this subpart 
and in such numbers as specified. These data shall include zero-hour 
data, if generated, and emission data generated for certification as 
required under Sec. 86.090-26(c)(4). In lieu of providing emission data 
on idle CO emissions or particulate emissions from methanol-fueled 
diesel certification engines, or on CO emissions from petroleum-fueled 
or methanol-fueled diesel certification engines the Administrator may, 
on request of the manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to demonstrate 
(on the basis of previous emission tests, development tests, or other 
information) that the engine will conform with the applicable emission 
standards of Sec. 86.091-11.
    (ii) For heavy-duty diesel engines, a manufacturer may submit hot-
start data only, in accordance with subpart N of this part, when making 
application for certification. However, for conformity SEA and recall 
testing by the Agency, both the cold-start and hot-start test data, as 
specified in subpart N of this part, will be included in the official 
results.
    (d) A statement that the vehicles (or engines) for which 
certification is requested conform to the requirements in Sec. 86.084-
5(b), and that the descriptions of tests performed to ascertain 
compliance with the general standards in Sec. 86.084-5(b), and the data 
derived from such tests, are available to the Administrator upon 
request.
    (e)(1) A statement that the test vehicles (or test engines) with 
respect to which data are submitted to demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) of this 
subpart are in all material respects as described in the manufacturer's 
application for certification, have been tested in accordance with the 
applicable test procedures utilizing the fuels and equipment described 
in the application for certification and that on the basis of such tests 
the vehicles (or engines) conform to the requirements of this part. If 
such statements cannot be made with respect to any vehicle (or engine) 
tested, the vehicle (or engine) shall be identified, and all pertinent 
data relating thereto shall be supplied to the Administrator. If, on the 
basis of the data supplied and any additional data as required by the 
Administrator, the Administrator determines that the test vehicles (or 
test engine) was not as described in the application for certification 
or was not tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures 
utilizing the fuels and equipment as described in the application for 
certification, the Administrator may make the determination that the 
vehicle (or engine) does not meet the applicable standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate). The provisions of Sec. 86.091-30(b) 
shall then be followed.
    (2) For evaporative emission durability, or light-duty truck or 
heavy-duty engine exhaust emission durability, a statement of compliance 
with paragraph (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section, as 
applicable.
    (f) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the particulate 
averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and diesel light-duty 
trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is requested will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
particulate standard(s) to be exceeded.
    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in one of the diesel particulate 
averaging programs, the number of vehicles produced in each engine 
family at each certified particulate FEL, along with the resulting 
production-weighted average particulate emission level.
    (g) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the NOX 
averaging program for light-duty trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is required will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
NOX standard(s) to be exceeded.

[[Page 134]]

    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in the NOX averaging 
program, the number of vehicles produced in each engine family at each 
certified NOX emission level.
    (h) Additionally, manufacturers participating in any of the 
NOX and/or particulate averaging, trading, or banking 
programs for heavy-duty engines shall submit for each participating 
family:
    (1) In the application for certification:
    (i) A statement that the engines for which certification is 
requested will not, to the best of the manufacturer's belief, when 
included in any of the averaging, trading, or banking programs cause the 
applicable NOX or particulate standard(s) to be exceeded.
    (ii) The type (NOX or particulate) and the projected 
number of credits generated/needed for this family, the applicable 
averaging set, the projected U.S. (49-state) production volumes, by 
quarter, NCPs in use on a similar family and the values required to 
calculate credits as given in Sec. 86.091-15. Manufacturers shall also 
submit how and where credit surpluses are to be dispersed and how and 
through what means credit deficits are to be met, as explained in 
Sec. 86.091-15. The application must project that each engine family 
will be in compliance with the applicable NOX and/or 
particulate emission standards based on the engine mass emissions, and 
credits from averaging, trading and banking.
    (3) End-of-year reports for each engine family participating in any 
of the averaging, trading, or banking programs.
    (i) These reports shall be submitted within 90 days of the end of 
the model year to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division (EN-
340F), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., 
Washington, DC 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the engine family, the averaging 
set, the actual U.S. (49-state) production volume, the values required 
to calculate credits as given in Sec. 86.091-15, the resulting type 
(NOX or particulate) and number of credits generated/
required, and the NCPs in use on a similar NCP family. Manufacturers 
shall also submit how and where credit surpluses were dispersed (or are 
to be banked) and how and through what means credit deficits were met. 
Copies of contracts related to credit trading must also be included or 
supplied by the broker if applicable. The report shall also include a 
calculation of credit balances to show that net mass emissions balances 
are within those allowed by the emission standards (equal to or greater 
than a zero credit balance). The credit discount factor described in 
86.091-15 must be included as required.
    (iii) The 49-state production counts for end-of-year reports shall 
be based on the location of the first point of retail sale (e.g., 
customer, dealer, secondary manufacturer) by the manufacturer.
    (iv) Errors discovered by EPA or the manufacturer in the end-of-year 
report, including errors in credit calculation, may be corrected up to 
90 days subsequent to submission of the end-of-year report. Errors 
discovered by EPA after 90 days shall be corrected if credits are 
reduced. Errors in the manufacturer's favor will not be corrected if 
discovered after the 90 day correction period allowed.
    (i) Failure by a manufacturer participating in the averaging, 
trading, or banking programs to submit any quarterly or end-of-year 
report (as applicable) in the specified time for all vehicles and 
engines that are part of an averaging set is a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act for each such vehicle and engine.
    (j) Failure by a manufacturer generating credits for deposit only in 
either the HDE NOX or particulate banking programs to submit 
their end-of-year reports in the applicable specified time period (i.e., 
90 days after the end of the model year) shall result in the credits not 
being available for use until such reports are received and reviewed by 
EPA. Use of projected credits pending EPA review will not be permitted 
in these circumstances.

[[Page 135]]

    (k) Engine families certified using NCPs are not required to meet 
the requirements outlined above.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10659, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 29384, July 19, 1985; 
54 FR 14473, Apr. 11, 1989; 55 FR 30625, July 26, 1990; 56 FR 64711, 
Dec. 12, 1991]



Sec. 86.091-28  Compliance with emission standards.

    (a)(1) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles.
    (2) The applicable exhaust and fuel evaporative emissions standards 
(and family particulate emission limits, as appropriate) of this subpart 
apply to the emissions of vehicles for their useful life.
    (3) Since it is expected that emission control efficiency will 
change with mileage accumulation on the vehicle, the emission level of a 
vehicle which has accumulated 50,000 miles will be used as the basis for 
determining compliance with the standards (or family particulate 
emission limit, as appropriate).
    (4) The procedure for determining compliance of a new motor vehicle 
with exhaust emission standards (or family particulate emission limit, 
as appropriate) is as follows, except where specified by paragraph 
(a)(7) of this section for the Alternative Durability Program:
    (i) Separate emission deterioration factors shall be determined from 
the exhaust emission results of the durability-data vehicle(s) for each 
engine-system combination. A separate factor shall be established, as 
required for compliance with applicable emission standards for exhaust 
HC, exhaust THCE, exhaust NMHC, exhaust CO, exhaust NOX and 
exhaust particulate for each engine-system combination. A separate 
evaporative emission deterioration factor, as required for compliance 
with applicable emission standards, shall be determined for each 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination from the testing conducted by the manufacturer.
    (A) The applicable results to be used unless excluded by paragraph 
(a)(4)(i)(A)(4) of this section in determining the exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for each engine-system combination shall be:
    (1) All valid exhaust emission data from the tests required under 
Sec. 86.084-26(a)(4) except the zero-mile tests. This shall include the 
official test results, as determined in Sec. 86.091-29 for all tests 
conducted on all durability-data vehicles of the combination selected 
under Sec. 86.085-24(c) (including all vehicles elected to be operated 
by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.085-24(c)(1)(ii)).
    (2) All exhaust emission data from the tests conducted before and 
after the scheduled maintenance provided in Sec. 86.088-25.
    (3) All exhaust emission data from tests required by maintenance 
approved under Sec. 86.088-25, in those cases where the Administrator 
conditioned his approval for the performance of such maintenance on the 
inclusion of such data in the deterioration factor calculation.
    (4) The manufacturer has the option of applying an outlier test 
point procedure to completed durability data within its certification 
testing program for a given model year. The outlier procedure will be 
specified by the Administrator. For any pollutant, durability-data test 
points that are identified as outliers shall not be included in the 
determination of deterioration factors if the manufacturer has elected 
this option. The manufacturer shall specify to the Administrator before 
the certification of the first engine family for that model year, if it 
intends to use the outlier procedure. The manufacturer may not change 
procedures after the first engine family of the model year is certified. 
Where the manufacturer chooses to apply both the outlier procedure and 
averaging (as allowed under Sec. 86.084-26(a)(6)(i)) to the same data 
set, the outlier procedure shall be completed prior to applying the 
averaging procedure.
    (B) All applicable exhaust emission results shall be plotted as a 
function of the mileage on the system, rounded to the nearest mile, and 
the best fit straight lines, fitted by the method of least squares, 
shall be drawn through all these data points. The data will be 
acceptable for use in the calculation of

[[Page 136]]

the deterioration factor only if the interpolated 4,000-mile and 50,000-
mile points on this line are within the low-altitude standards provided 
in Sec. 86.087-8. Exceptions to this where data are still acceptable are 
when a best fit straight line crosses an applicable standard but no data 
points exceeded the standard, or the best fit straight line crosses an 
applicable standard with a negative slope (the 4,000-mile interpolated 
point is higher than the 50,000-mile interpolated point) but the 50,000-
mile actual data point is below the standard. An multiplicative exhaust 
emission deterioration factor shall be calculated for each engine-system 
combination as follows:

Factor=Exhaust emissions interpolated to 50,000 miles divided by exhaust 
          emissions interpolated to 4,000 miles.


These interpolated values shall be carried out to a minimum of four 
places to the right of the decimal point before dividing one by the 
other to determine the deterioration factor. The results shall be 
rounded to three places to the right of the decimal point in accordance 
with ASTM E 29-67.
    (C)(1) An evaporative emissions deterioration factor shall be 
determined from the testing conducted as described in Sec. 86.090-
21(b)(4)(i), for each evaporative emission family- evaporative emission 
control system combination to indicate the evaporative emission level at 
50,000 miles relative to the evaporative emission level at 4,000 miles 
as follows:

Factor = Evaporative emission level at 50,000 miles minus the 
          evaporative emission level at 4,000 miles.

    (2) The factor in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(C)(1) of this section shall be 
established to a minimum of two places to the right of the decimal.
    (ii)(A) The official exhaust emission test results for each 
emission-data vehicle at the selected test point shall be multiplied by 
the appropriate deterioration factor: Provided, that if a deterioration 
factor as computed in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) of this section is less 
than one, that deterioration factor shall be one for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (B) The official evaporative emission test results for each 
evaporative emission-data vehicle at the selected test point shall be 
adjusted by addition of the appropriate deterioration factor: Provided, 
that if a deterioration factor as computed in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(C) of 
this section is less than zero, that deterioration factor shall be zero 
for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (iii) The emissions to compare with the standard (or the family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted 
emissions of paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section for each 
emission-data vehicle. Before any emission value is compared with the 
standard (or the family particulate emission limit, as appropriate), it 
shall be rounded, in accordance with ASTM E 29-67, to two significant 
figures. The rounded emission values may not exceed the standard (or the 
family particulate emission limit, as appropriate).
    (iv) Every test vehicle of an engine family must comply with the 
exhaust emission standards (or the family particulate emission limit, as 
appropriate), as determined in paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section, 
before any vehicle in that family may be certified.
    (v) Every test vehicle of an evaporative emission family must comply 
with the evaporative emission standard, as determined in paragraph 
(a)(4)(iii) of this section, before any vehicle in that family may be 
certified.
    (5) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
particulate emission limit(s) in the particulate averaging program, 
compliance with the new limit(s) must be based upon existing 
certification data.
    (6) If a manufacturer chooses to participate in the diesel 
particulate averaging program, the production-weighted average of the 
family particulate emission limits of all affected engine families must 
comply with the particulate standards in Sec. 86.087-8(a)(1)(iv), or the 
composite particulate standard defined in Sec. 86.085-2, as appropriate, 
at the end of the production year.
    (7) The procedure to determine the compliance of new motor vehicles 
in the Alternative Durability Program (described in Sec. 86.085-13) is 
the same as described in paragraphs (a)(4)(iii) through (a)(4)(v) of 
this section. For the engine families that are included in the 
Alternative Durability Program,

[[Page 137]]

the exhaust emission deterioration factors used to determine compliance 
shall be those that the Administrator has approved under Sec. 86.085-
13(c). The evaporative emission deterioration factor for each 
evaporative emission family shall be determined and applied according to 
paragraph (a)(4) of this section. The procedures to determine the 
minimum exhaust emissions deterioration factors required under 
Sec. 86.085-13(d) are as follows:
    (i) Separate deterioration factors shall be determined from the 
exhaust emission results of the durability-data vehicles for each engine 
family group. A separate factor as necessary to establish compliance 
with applicable emission standards shall be established for exhaust HC, 
exhaust THCE, exhaust NMHC, exhaust CO and exhaust NOX for 
each engine family group. The evaporative emission deterioration factor 
for each evaporative family will be determined and applied in accordance 
with paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
    (ii) The deterioration factors for each engine family group shall be 
determined by the Administrator using historical durability data from as 
many as three previous model years. These data will consist of 
deterioration factors generated by durability-data vehicles representing 
certified engine families and of deterioration factors from vehicles 
selected under Sec. 86.085-24(h). The Administrator shall determine how 
these data will be combined for each engine family group.
    (A) The test result to be used in the calculation of each 
deterioration factor to be combined for each engine family group shall 
be those test results specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(A) of this 
section.
    (B) For each durability-data vehicles selected under Sec. 86.085-
24(h), all applicable exhaust emissions results shall be plotted as a 
function of the mileage on the system rounded to the nearest mile, and 
the best fit straight lines, fitted by method of least squares, shall be 
drawn through all these data points. The exhaust deterioration factor 
for each durability-data vehicles shall be calculated as specified in 
paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) of this section.
    (C) Line-crossing. For the purposes of paragraph (a)(5) of this 
section, line crossing occurs when either of the interpolated 4,000- and 
50,000-mile points of the best fit straight line exceeds the applicable 
emission standard and at least one applicable data point exceeds the 
standard.
    (1) The Administrator will not accept for certification line-
crossing data from preproduction durability-data vehicles selected under 
Sec. 86.085-24(c), Sec. 86.085-24(h)(2), or (h)(3).
    (2) The Administrator will not accept for certification line-
crossing data from production durability-data vehicles selected under 
Sec. 86.085-24(h)(1) unless the 4,000-mile test result multiplied by the 
engine family group deterioration factor does not exceed the applicable 
emission standards. The deterioration factors used for this purpose 
shall be those that were used in the certification of the production 
vehicle. Manufacturers may calculate this product immediately after the 
4,000-mile test of the vehicle. If the product exceeds the applicable 
standards, the manufacturer may, with the approval of the Administrator, 
discontinue the vehicle and substitute a new vehicle. The manufacturer 
may continue the original vehicle, but the data will not be acceptable 
if line crossing occurs.
    (b)(1) Paragraph (b) of this section applies to light-duty trucks.
    (2) The exhaust and evaporative emission standards (and family 
emission limits, as appropriate) of Sec. 86.091-9 apply to the emissions 
of vehicles for their useful life.
    (3) Since emission control efficiency generally decreases with the 
accumulation of mileage on the vehicle, deterioration factors will be 
used in combination with emission-data vehicle test results as the basis 
for determining compliance with the standards (or family emission 
limits, as appropriate).
    (4)(i) Paragraph (b)(4) of this section describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of a new vehicle with exhaust emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), based on deterioration 
factors supplied by the manufacturers, except where specified by 
paragraph (b)(5) of this section for the Alternative Durability Program.
    (ii) Separate exhaust emission deterioration factors, determined 
from

[[Page 138]]

tests of vehicles, engines, subsystems or components conducted by the 
manufacturer, shall be supplied for each engine-system combination. 
Separate factors shall be established as required for compliance with 
applicable emission standards for transient HC, THCE, NMHC, CO, and 
NOX, idle CO and exhaust particulate.
    (iii) For transient HC, THCE, NMHC and CO, and NOX, idle 
CO and/or exhaust particulate as appropriate, the official exhaust 
emission results for each emission-data vehicle at the selected test 
point shall be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (iv) The emission values to compare with the standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted emission values 
of paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section rounded to two significant 
figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 for each emission-data engine.
    (5)(i) Paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section applies only to 
manufacturers electing to participate in the particulate averaging 
program.
    (A) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
particulate emission limit(s), compliance with the new limit(s) must be 
based upon existing certification data.
    (B) The production-weighted average of the family particulate 
emission limits of all applicable engine families, rounded to two 
significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67, must comply with 
the particulate standards in Sec. 86.088-9 (a)(1)(iv) or (d)(1)(iv), or 
the composite particulate standard as defined in Sec. 86.085-2, as 
appropriate, at the end of the product year.
    (ii) Paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section applies only to 
manufacturers electing to participate in the NOX averaging 
program.
    (A) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
NOX emission limit(s), compliance with the new limit(s) must 
be based upon existing certification data.
    (B) The production-weighted average of the family NOX 
emission limits of all applicable engine families, rounded to two 
significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67, must comply with 
the NOX emission standards of Sec. 86.088-9(a)(1)(iii) (A) or 
(B), or of Sec. 86.088-9(d)(1)(iii) (A) or (B), or the composite 
NOX standard as defined in Sec. 86.088-2, at the end of the 
product year.
    (6) The procedure to determine the compliance of new motor vehicles 
in the Alternative Durability Program (described in Sec. 86.085-13) is 
the same as described in paragraph (b)(4)(iv), (b)(7)(iv) and (b)(8) of 
this section. For the engine families that are included in the 
Alternative Durability Program, the exhause emission deterioration 
factors used to determine compliance shall be those that the 
Administrator has approved under Sec. 86.085-13(c). The evaporative 
emission deterioration factor for each evaporative emission family shall 
be determined and applied according to paragraph (b)(7) of this section. 
The procedures to determine the minimum exhaust emissions deterioration 
factors required under Sec. 86.085-13(d) are as follows:
    (i) Separate deterioration factors shall be determined from the 
exhaust emission results of the durability-data vehicles for each engine 
family group. A separate factor shall be established for exhaust HC, 
exhaust THCE or exhaust NMHC as appropriate, and exhaust CO and exhaust 
NOX for each engine family group. The evaporative emission 
deterioration factor for each evaporative family will be determined and 
applied in accordance with paragraph (b)(6) of this section.
    (ii) The deterioration factors for each engine family group shall be 
determined by the Administrator using historical durability data from as 
many as three previous model years. These data will consist of 
deterioration factors generated by durability-data vehicles representing 
certified engine families and of deterioration factors from vehicles 
selected under Sec. 86.085-24(h). The Administrator shall determine how 
these data will be combined for each engine family group.
    (A) The test results to be used in the calculations of each 
deterioration factor to be combined for each engine family group shall 
be those test results specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(A) of this 
section.

[[Page 139]]

    (B) For each durability-data vehicle selected under Sec. 86.085-
24(h), all applicable exhaust emission results shall be plotted as a 
function of the mileage on the system rounded to the nearest mile, and 
the best fit straight lines, fitted by the method of least squares, 
shall be drawn through all these data points. The exhaust deterioration 
factor for each durability-data vehicle shall be calculated as specified 
in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) of this section.
    (C) Line crossing. For the purposes of paragraph (b)(5) of this 
section, line crossing occurs when either of the interpolated 4,000- and 
120,000-mile points of the best fit straight line exceeds the applicable 
emission standard and at least one applicable data point exceeds the 
standard.
    (1) The Administrator will not accept for certification line-
crossing data from preproduction durability-data vehicles selected under 
Sec. 86.085-24(c)(1), or Sec. 86.085-24 (h)(2) or (h)(3).
    (2) The Administrator will not accept for certification line-
crossing data from production durability-data vehicles selected under 
Sec. 86.085-24(h)(1) unless the 4,000-mile test result multiplied by the 
engine family group deterioration factor does not exceed the applicable 
emission standard. The deterioration factors used for this purpose shall 
be those that were used in the certification of the production vehicle. 
Manufacturers may calculate this product immediately after the 4,000-
mile test of the vehicle. If the product exceeds the applicable 
standard, the manufacturer may, with the approval of the Administrator, 
discontinue the vehicle and substitute a new vehicle. The manufacturer 
may continue the original vehicle, but the data will not be acceptable 
if line crossing occurs.
    (7)(i) Paragraph (b)(7) of this section describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of a new vehicle with fuel evaporative emission 
standards. The procedure described here shall be used for all vehicles 
in all model years.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall determine, based on testing described in 
Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(i), and supply an evaporative emission 
deterioration factor for each evaporative emission family-evaporative 
emission control system combination. The factor shall be calculated by 
subtracting the emission level at the selected test point from the 
emission level at the useful life point.
    (iii) The official evaporative emission test results for each 
evaporative emission-data vehicle at the selected test point shall be 
adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor. 
However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is 
less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (iv) The emission value to compare with the standards shall be the 
adjusted emission value of paragraph (b)(7)(iii) of this section rounded 
to two significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 for each 
evaporative emission-data vehicle.
    (8) Every test vehicle of an engine family must comply with all 
applicable standards (and family emission limits, as appropriate), as 
determined in paragraphs (b)(4)(iv) and (b)(7)(iv) of this section, 
before any vehicle in that family will be certified.
    (c)(1) Paragraph (c) of this section applies to heavy-duty engines.
    (2) The exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) for Otto-cycle engines in Sec. 86.090-10 or for diesel 
engines in Sec. 86.091-11 apply to the emissions of engines for their 
useful life.
    (3) Since emission control efficiency generally decreases with the 
accumulation of service on the engine, deterioration factors will be 
used in combination with emission-data engine test results as the basis 
for determining compliance with the standards.
    (4)(i) Paragraph (c)(4) of this section describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of an engine with emission standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate), based on deterioration factors 
supplied by the manufacturer.
    (ii) Separate exhaust emission deterioration factors, determined 
from tests of engines, subsystems or components conducted by the 
manufacturer, shall be supplied for each engine-system combination. For 
Otto-cycle engines, separate factors shall be established for transient 
HC, THCE or NMHC as appropriate, CO and NOX; and idle CO, for 
those engines utilizing

[[Page 140]]

aftertreatment technology (e.g., catalytic converters). For diesel 
engines, separate factors shall be established for transient HC, THCE or 
NMHC as appropriate, CO, NOX and exhaust particulate. For 
diesel smoke testing, separate factors shall also be established for the 
acceleration mode (designated as ``A''), the lugging mode (designated as 
``B''), and peak opacity (designated as ``C'').
    (iii)(A) Paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(A) of this section applies to Otto-
cycle heavy-duty engines.
    (1) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines not utilizing aftertreatment 
technology (e.g., catalytic converters). For transient HC, THCE or NMHC 
as appropriate, CO and NOX, the official exhaust emission 
results for each emission-data engine at the selected test point shall 
be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor. 
However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is 
less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (2) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment 
technology (e.g., catalytic converters). For transient HC, THCE or NMHC 
as appropriate, CO and NOX, and for idle CO, the official 
exhaust emission results for each emission-data engine at the selected 
test point shall be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (B) Paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B) of this section applies to diesel 
heavy-duty engines.
    (1) Diesel heavy-duty engines not utilizing aftertreatment 
technology (e.g., particulate traps). For transient HC, THCE or NMHC as 
appropriate, CO, NOX and exhaust particulate, the official 
exhaust emission results for each emission-data engine at the selected 
test point shall be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (2) Diesel heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment technology 
(e.g., particulate traps). For transient HC, THCE or NMHC as 
appropriate, CO, NOX and exhaust particulate, the official 
exhaust emission results for each emission-data engine at the selected 
test point shall be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (3) Diesel heavy-duty engines only. For acceleration smoke (``A''), 
lugging smoke (``B''), and peak smoke (``C''), the official exhaust 
emission results for each emission-data engine at the selected test 
point shall be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration 
factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the 
manufacturer is less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (iv) The emission values to compare with the standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted emission values 
of paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section, rounded to the same number of 
significant figures as contained in the applicable standard in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67, for each emission-data engine.
    (5)-(6) [Reserved]
    (7) Every test engine of an engine family must comply with all 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate), as 
determined in paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this section, before any engine in 
that family will be certified.
    (d)(1) Paragraph (d) of this section applies to heavy-duty vehicles 
required to comply with evaporative emission standards.
    (2) The applicable evaporative emission standard in Sec. 86.091-10 
or Sec. 86.091-11 applies to the emissions of vehicles for their useful 
life.
    (3)(i) For vehicles with a GVWR of up to 26,000 pounds, because it 
is expected that emission control efficiency will change during the 
useful life of the vehicle, an evaporative emission deterioration factor 
shall be determined from the testing described in Sec. 86.088-23(b)(3) 
for each evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination to indicate the evaporative emission control system 
deterioration during the useful life of the vehicle (minimum 50,000 
miles). The factor shall be established to a minimum

[[Page 141]]

of two places to the right of the decimal.
    (ii) For vehicles with a GVWR of greater than 26,000 pounds, because 
it is expected that emission control efficiency will change during the 
useful life of the vehicle, each manufacturer's statement as required in 
Sec. 86.088-23(b)(4)(ii) shall include, in accordance with good 
engineering practice, consideration of control system deterioration.
    (4) The evaporative emission test results, if any, shall be adjusted 
by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor: Provided, That 
if the deterioration factor as computed in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section is less than zero, that deterioration factor shall be zero for 
the purposes of this paragraph.
    (5) The emission level to compare with the standard shall be the 
adjusted emission level of paragraph (d)(4) of this section. Before any 
emission value is compared with the standard, it shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67, to two significant figures. The rounded 
emission values may not exceed the standard.
    (6) Every test vehicle of an evaporative emission family must comply 
with the evaporative emission standard, as determined in paragraph 
(d)(5) of this section, before any vehicle in that family may be 
certified.
    (e) Unless a manufacturer develops specific cold temperature 
deterioration factors, 68-86  deg.F deterioration factors shall be used 
to determine compliance with cold temperature emission standards.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10669, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 24609, July 7, 1986; 54 
FR 14484, Apr. 11, 1989; 57 FR 31897, July 17, 1992; 59 FR 48493, Sept. 
21, 1994]



Sec. 86.091-29  Testing by the Administrator.

    (a)(1) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks.
    (2) The Administrator may require that any one or more of the test 
vehicles be submitted to him, at such place or places as he may 
designate, for the purposes of conducting emissions tests. The 
Administrator may specify that he will conduct such testing at the 
manufacturer's facility, in which case instrumentation and equipment 
specified by the Administrator shall be made available by the 
manufacturer for test operations. Any testing conducted at a 
manufacturer's facility pursuant to this paragraph shall be scheduled by 
the manufacturer as promptly as possible.
    (3)(i) Whenever the Administrator conducts a test segment on a test 
vehicle, the results of that test segment, unless subsequently 
invalidated by the Administrator, shall comprise the official data for 
that test segment for the vehicle at the prescribed test point and the 
manufacturer's data for that test segment for that prescribed test point 
shall not be used in determining compliance with emission standards (or 
family emission limits, as appropriate). The Administrator may stop a 
test after any evaporative test segment and use as official data any 
valid results obtained up to that point in the test, as described in 
subpart B of this part.
    (ii) Whenever the Administrator does not conduct a test on a test 
vehicle at a test point, the manufacturer's test data will be accepted 
as the official data for that point: Provided, That if the Administrator 
makes a determination based on testing under paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section, that there is a lack of correlation between the manufacturer's 
test equipment and the test equipment used by the Administrator, no 
manufacturer's test data will be accepted for purposes of certification 
until the reasons for the lack of correlation are determined and the 
validity of the data is established by the manufacturer, And further 
provided, That if the Administrator has reasonable basis to believe that 
any test data submitted by the manufacturer is not accurate or has been 
obtained in violation of any provisions of this part, the Administrator 
may refuse to accept that data as the official data pending retesting or 
submission or further information. If the manufacturer conducts more 
than one test on a vehicle, as authorized under Sec. 86.084-26 
(a)(3)(i)(A) or (b)(4)(i)(A), the data from the last test in that series 
of tests on

[[Page 142]]

that vehicle, will constitute the official data.
    (iii)(A)(1) The Administrator may adjust or cause to be adjusted any 
adjustable parameter of an emission-data vehicle or engine which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment for 
certification and Selective Enforcement Audit testing in accordance with 
Sec. 86.085-22(e)(1), to any setting within the physically adjustable 
range of that parameter, as determined by the Administrator in 
accordance with Sec. 86.085-22(e)(3)(i), prior to the performance of any 
tests to determine whether such vehicle or engine conforms to applicable 
emission standards, including tests performed by the manufacturer under 
Sec. 86.091-23(c)(1). However, if the idle speed parameter is one which 
the Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment, the 
Administrator shall not adjust it to a setting which causes a higher 
engine idle speed than would have been possible within the physically 
adjustable range of the idle speed parameter on the engine before it 
accumulated any dynamometer service, all other parameters being 
identically adjusted for the purpose of the comparison. The 
Administrator, in making or specifying such adjustments, will consider 
the effect of the deviation from the manufacturer's recommended setting 
on emissions performance characteristics as well as the likelihood that 
similar settings will occur on in-use light-duty vehicles or light-duty 
trucks. In determining likelihood, the Administrator will consider 
factors such as, but not limited to, the effect of the adjustment on 
vehicle performance characteristics and surveillance information from 
similar in-use vehicles.
    (2) For those vehicles or engine parameters which the Administrator 
has not determined to be subject to adjustment during certification and 
Selective Enforcement Audit testing in accordance with Sec. 86.085-
22(e)(1), the emission-data vehicle presented to the Administrator for 
testing shall be calibrated within the production tolerances applicable 
to the manufacturer's specifications to be shown on the vehicle label 
(see Sec. 86.091-35 (a)(1)(iii)(D) or (a)(2)(iii)(D)) as specified in 
the application for certification. If the Administrator determines that 
a vehicle is not within such tolerances, the vehicle will be adjusted, 
at the facility designated by the Administrator, prior to the test and 
an engineering report shall be submitted to the Administrator describing 
the corrective action taken. Based on the engineering report, the 
Administrator will determine if the vehicle will be used as an emission-
data vehicle.
    (B) If the Administrator determines that the test data developed on 
an emission-data vehicle under paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section would 
cause that vehicle to fail due to excessive 4,000-mile emissions or by 
application of the appropriate deterioration factor, then the following 
procedure shall be observed:
    (1) The manufacturer may request a retest. Before the retest, those 
vehicle or engine parameters which the Administrator has not determined 
to be subject to adjustment for certification and Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing in accordance with Sec. 86.085-22(e)(1) may be readjusted 
to manufacturer's specification, if these adjustments were made 
incorrectly prior to the first test. The Administrator may adjust or 
cause to be adjusted any parameter which the Administrator has 
determined to be subject to adjustment to any setting within the 
physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined by the 
Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.085-22(e)(3)(i). Other 
maintenance or repairs may be performed in accordance with Sec. 86.088-
25. All work on the vehicle shall be done at such location and under 
such conditions as the Administrator may prescribe.
    (2) The vehicle will be retested by the Administrator and the 
results of this test shall comprise the official data for the emission-
data vehicle.
    (iv) If sufficient durability data are not available at the time of 
any emission test conducted under paragraph (a)(2) of this section to 
enable the Administrator to determine whether an emission-data vehicle 
would fail, the manufacturer may request a retest in accordance with the 
provisions of paragraphs (a)(3)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section. If the 
manufacturer does not promptly make such request, he shall be deemed to 
have waived the right to a retest. A request for retest must be

[[Page 143]]

made before the manufacturer removes the vehicle from the test premises.
    (b)(1) Paragraph (b) of this section applies to heavy-duty engines.
    (2) The Administrator may require that any one or more of the test 
engines be submitted to him, at such place or places as he may 
designate, for the purpose of conducting emissions tests. The 
Administrator may specify that he will conduct such testing at the 
manufacturer's facility, in which case instrumentation and equipment 
specified by the Administrator shall be made available by the 
manufacturer for test operations. Any testing conducted at a 
manufacturer's facility pursuant to this paragraph shall be scheduled by 
the manufacturer as promptly as possible.
    (3)(i) Whenever the Administrator conducts a test on a test engine 
the results of that test, unless subsequently invalidated by the 
Administrator, shall comprise the official data for the engine at that 
prescribed test point and the manufacturer's data for that prescribed 
test point shall not be used in determining compliance with emission 
standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate).
    (ii) Whenever the Administrator does not conduct a test on a test 
engine at a test point, the manufacturer's test data will be accepted as 
the official data for that test point: Provided, That if the 
Administrator makes a determination based on testing under paragraph 
(b)(2) of this section, that there is a lack of correlation between the 
manufacturer's test equipment and the test equipment used by the 
Administrator, no manufacturer's test data will be accepted for purposes 
of certification until the reasons for the lack of correlation are 
determined and the validity of the data is established by the 
manufacturer, And further provided, That if the Administrator has 
reasonable basis to believe that any test data submitted by the 
manufacturer is not accurate or has been obtained in violation of any 
provision of this part, the Administrator may refuse to accept that data 
as the official data pending retesting or submission of further 
information.
    (iii)(A)(1) The Administrator may adjust or cause to be adjusted any 
adjustable parameter of an emission-data engine which the Administrator 
has determined to be subject to adjustment for certification testing in 
accordance with Sec. 86.085-22(e)(1), to any setting within the 
physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined by the 
Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.085-22(e)(3)(i), prior to the 
performance of any tests to determine whether such engine conforms to 
applicable emission standards, including tests performed by the 
manufacturer under Sec. 86.088-23(c)(2). The Administrator, in making or 
specifying such adjustments, may consider the effect of the deviation 
from the manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions performance 
characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar settings will 
occur on in-use heavy-duty engines. In determining likelihood, the 
Administrator may consider factors such as, but not limited to, the 
effect of the adjustment on engine performance characteristics and 
surveillance information from similar in-use engines.
    (2) For those engine parameters which the Administrator has not 
determined to be subject to adjustment for certification testing in 
accordance with Sec. 86.085-22(e)(1), the emission-data engine presented 
to the Administrator for testing shall be calibrated within the 
production tolerances applicable to the manufacturer's specifications to 
be shown on the engine label (see Sec. 86.091-35(a)(3)(iii)) as 
specified in the application for certification. If the Administrator 
determines that an engine is not within such tolerances, the engine 
shall be adjusted at the facility designated by the Administrator prior 
to the test and an engineering report shall be submitted to the 
Administrator describing the corrective action taken. Based on the 
engineering report, the Administrator will determine if the engine shall 
be used as an emission-data engine.
    (B) If the Administrator determines that the test data developed 
under paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(A) of this section would cause the emission-
data engine to fail due to excessive 125-hour emission values or by the 
application of the appropriate deterioration factor, then the following 
procedure shall be observed:

[[Page 144]]

    (1) The manufacturer may request a retest. Before the retest, those 
engine parameters which the Administrator has not determined to be 
subject to adjustment for certification testing in accordance with 
Sec. 86.085-22(e)(1) may be readjusted to the manufacturer's 
specifications, if these adjustments were made incorrectly prior to the 
first test. The Administrator may adjust or cause to be adjusted any 
parameter which the Administrator has determined to be subject to 
adjustment in accordance with Sec. 86.085-22(e)(3)(i). However, if the 
idle speed parameter is one which the Administrator has determined to be 
subject to adjustment, the Administrator shall not adjust it to a 
setting which causes a higher engine idle speed than would have been 
possible within the physically adjustable range of the idle speed 
parameter on the engine before it accumulated any dynamometer service, 
all other parameters being identically adjusted for the purpose of the 
comparison. Other maintenance or repairs may be performed in accordance 
with Sec. 86.088-25. All work on the vehicle shall be done at such 
location and under such conditions as the Administrator may prescribe.
    (2) The engine will be retested by the Administrator and the results 
of this test shall comprise the official data for the emission-data 
engine.
    (iv) If sufficient durability data are not available at the time of 
any emission test conducted under paragraph (b)(2) of this section to 
enable the Administrator to determine whether an emission-data engine 
would fail, the manufacturer may request a retest in accordance with the 
provisions of paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(B) (1) and (2) of this section. If 
the manufacturer does not promptly make such request, he shall be deemed 
to have waived the right to a retest. A request for retest must be made 
before the manufacturer removes the engine from the test premises.
    (c)(1) Paragraph (c) of this section applies to gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (2) The Administrator may require that any one or more of the 
evaporative emission family-system combinations included in the 
manufacturer's statement(s) of compliance be installed on an appropriate 
vehicle and such vehicle be submitted to him, at such place or places as 
he may designate, for the purpose of conducting emissions tests. The 
Administrator may specify that he will conduct such testing at the 
manufacturer's facility, in which case instrumentation and equipment 
specified by the Administrator shall be made available by the 
manufacturer for test operations. Any testing conducted at a 
manufacturer's facility pursuant to this paragraph shall be scheduled by 
the manufacturer as promptly as possible.
    (3)(i) Whenever the Administrator conducts a test segment on an 
evaporative emission family-system combination, the results of that test 
segment, unless subsequently invalidated by the Administrator, shall 
comprise the official data for that test segment for the evaporative 
emission family-system combination, and the manufacturer's data, 
analyses, etc., for that test segment shall not be used in determining 
compliance with emission standards. The Administrator may stop a test 
after any evaporative test segment and use as official data any valid 
results obtained up to that point in the test, as described in subpart B 
of this part.
    (ii) Whenever the Administrator does not conduct a test on an 
evaporative emission family-system combination, the manufacturer's test 
data will be accepted as the official data: Provided, That if the 
Administrator makes a determination, based on testing under paragraph 
(c)(2) of this section, that there is a lack of correlation between the 
manufacturer's test equipment and the test equipment used by the 
Administrator, no manufacturer's test data will be accepted for purposes 
of certification until the reasons for the lack of correlation are 
determined and the validity of the data is established by the 
manufacturer, And further provided, That if the Administrator has 
reasonable basis to believe that any test data, analyses, or other 
information submitted by the manufacturer is not accurate or has been 
obtained in violation of any provision of this part, the Administrator 
may refuse to accept

[[Page 145]]

those data, analyses, etc., as the official data pending retesting or 
submission of further information.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10675, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 14488, Apr. 11, 1989; 
58 FR 16020, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.091-30  Certification.

    (a)(1)(i) If, after a review of the test reports and data submitted 
by the manufacturer, data derived from any inspection carried out under 
Sec. 86.091-7(d), and any other pertinent data or information, the 
Administrator determines that a test vehicle(s) (or test engine(s)) 
meets(s) the requirements of the Act and of this subpart, he will issue 
a certificate of conformity with respect to such vehicles(s) (or 
engines(s)) except in cases covered by paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and (c) of 
this section.
    (ii) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. If, 
after a review of the statement(s) of compliance submitted by the 
manufacturer under Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4) and any other pertinent data or 
information, the Administrator determines that the requirements of the 
Act and this subpart have been met, he will issue one certificate of 
conformity per manufacturer with respect to the evaporative emission 
family(s) covered by such statement(s) except in cases covered by 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) Such certificate will be issued for such period not to exceed 
one model year as the Administrator may determine and upon such terms as 
he may deem necessary or appropriate to assure that any new motor 
vehicle (or new motor vehicle engine) covered by the certificate will 
meet the requirements of the Act and of this part.
    (3)(i) One such certificate will be issued for each engine family. 
For gasoline-fueled and methanol fueled light-duty vehicles and light-
duty trucks, one such certificate will be issued for each engine family 
evaporative emission family combination.
    (A) Light-duty vehicles. Each certificate will certify compliance 
with no more than one set of standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate).
    (B) Light-duty trucks. Each certificate will certify compliance with 
no more than one set of standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate), except for low-altitude standards and high altitude 
standards. The certificate shall state that it covers vehicles sold or 
delivered to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
high-altitude location only if the vehicle conforms in all material 
respects to the design specifications that apply to those vehicles 
described in the application for certification at high altitude.
    (ii) For gasoline-fueled and methanol fueled heavy-duty vehicles, 
one such certificate will be issued for each manufacturer and will 
certify compliance for those vehicles previously identified in that 
manufacturer's statement(s) of compliance as required in Sec. 86.091-
23(b)(4) (i) and (ii).
    (iii) For diesel light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, or 
diesel heavy-duty engines, included in the applicable particulate 
averaging program, the manufacturer may at any time during production 
elect to change the level of any family particulate emission limit by 
demonstrating compliance with the new limit as described in 
Secs. 86.091-28(a)(6) and 86.091-28(b)(5)(i). New certificates issued 
under this paragraph will be applicable only for vehicles (or engines) 
produced subsequent to the date of issuance.
    (iv) For light-duty trucks or heavy-duty engines included in the 
applicable NOX averaging program, the manufacturer may at any 
time during production elect to change the level of any family 
NOX emission limit by demonstrating compliance with the new 
limit as described in Sec. 86.091-28(b)(5)(ii). New certificates issued 
under this paragraph will be applicable only for vehicles (or engines) 
produced subsequent to the day of issue.
    (4)(i) The adjustment or modification of any light-duty truck in 
accordance with instructions provided by the manufacturer for the 
altitude where the vehicle is principally used will not be considered a 
violation of section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act.

[[Page 146]]

    (ii) A violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act occurs 
when a manufacturer sells or delivers to an ultimate purchaser any 
light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck, subject to the regulations under 
the Act, under any of the conditions specified in the remainder of this 
paragraph.
    (A) When a light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck is not configured 
to meet high-altitude requirements:
    (1) At a designated high-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated high-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
high-altitude location.
    (B) When a light-duty vehicle is not configured to meet low-altitude 
requirements, as provided in Sec. 86.087-8(i):
    (1) At a designated low-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated low-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated low-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
low-altitude location.
    (iii) A manufacturer shall be deemed to have reason to believe that 
a light-duty vehicle that has been exempted from compliance with 
emission standards at high-altitude, or a light-duty truck which is not 
configured to meet high-altitude requirements, will not be sold to an 
ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude 
location if the manufacturer has informed its dealers and field 
representatives about the terms of these high-altitude regulations, has 
not caused the improper sale itself, and has taken reasonable action 
which shall include, but not be limited to, either paragraph (a)(4)(iii) 
(A) or (B), and (a)(4)(ii)(C) of this section:
    (A) Requiring dealers in designated high-altitude locations to 
submit written statements to the manufacturer signed by the ultimate 
purchaser that a vehicle which is not configured to meet high-altitude 
requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-altitude 
location; requiring dealers in counties contiguous to designated high-
altitude locations to submit written statements to the manufacturer, 
signed by the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the 
normal course of business that he or she resides in a designated high-
altitude location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet high-
altitude requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-
altitude location; and for each sale or delivery of fleets of ten or 
more such vehicles in a high-altitude location or in counties contiguous 
to high-altitude locations, requiring either the selling dealer or the 
delivering dealer to submit written statements to the manufacturer, 
signed by the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the 
normal course of business that he or she resides in a designated high-
altitude location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet high-
altitude requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-
altitude location. In addition, the manufacturer will make available to 
EPA, upon reasonable written request (but not more frequently than 
quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated that it has substantial reason to 
believe that an improperly configured vehicle has been sold), sales, 
warranty, or other information pertaining to sales of vehicles by the 
dealers described above maintained by the manufacturer in the normal 
course of business relating to the altitude configuration of vehicles 
and the locations of ultimate purchasers; or
    (B) Implementing a system which monitors factory orders of low-
altitude vehicles by high-altitude dealers, or through other means, 
identifies dealers that may have sold or delivered a vehicle not 
configured to meet the high-altitude requirements to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude location; and 
making such information available to EPA upon reasonable written request

[[Page 147]]

(but not more frequently than quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated 
that it has substantial reason to believe that an improperly configured 
vehicle has been sold); and
    (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA 
or a State or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly 
sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the high-altitude 
requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated high-
altitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to 
paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section that a dealer may have improperly 
sold or delivered a significant number of such vehicles to ultimate 
purchasers so residing, reminding the dealer in writing of the 
requirements of these regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the 
dealer that sale by the dealer of vehicles not configured to meet high-
altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise 
agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification 
requirements of Sec. 85.2108 of this chapter.
    (iv) A manufacturer shall be deemed to have reason to believe that a 
light-duty vehicle which has been exempted from compliance with emission 
standards at low-altitude, as provided in Sec. 86.087-8(i), will not be 
sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated low-
altitude location if the manufacturer has informed its dealers and field 
representatives about the terms of the high-altitude regulations, has 
not caused the improper sale itself, and has taken reasonable action 
which shall include, but not be limited to, either paragraph (a)(4)(iv) 
(A) or (B), and (a)(4)(iv)(C) of this section:
    (A) Requiring dealers in designated low-altitude locations to submit 
written statements to the manufacturer signed by the ultimate purchaser 
that a vehicle which is not configured to meet low-altitude requirements 
will not be used principally at a designated low-altitude location; 
requiring dealers in counties contiguous to designated low-altitude 
locations to submit written statements to the manufacturer, signed by 
the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the normal course 
of business that he or she resides in a designated low-altitude 
location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet low-altitude 
requirements will not be used principally at a designated low-altitude 
location; and for each sale or delivery of fleets of ten or more such 
vehicles in a low-altitude location or in counties contiguous to low-
altitude locations, requiring either the selling dealer or the 
delivering dealer to submit written statements to the manufacturer, 
signed by the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the 
normal course of business that he or she resides in a designated low-
altitude location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet low-
altitude requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-
altitude location. In addition, the manufacturer will make available to 
EPA, upon reasonable written request (but not more frequently than 
quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated that it has substantial reason to 
believe that an improperly configured vehicle has been sold), sales, 
warranty, or other information pertaining to sales of vehicles by the 
dealers described above maintained by the manufacturer in the normal 
course of business relating to the altitude configuration of vehicles 
and the locations of ultimate purchasers; or
    (B) Implementing a system which monitors factory orders of high-
altitude vehicles by low-altitude dealers, or through other means, 
identifies dealers that may have sold or delivered a vehicle not 
configured to meet the low-altitude requirements to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated low-altitude location; and 
making such information available to EPA upon reasonable written request 
(but not more frequently than quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated 
that it has substantial reason to believe that an improperly configured 
vehicle has been sold); and
    (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA 
or a state or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly 
sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the low-altitude 
requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated low-
altitude location, or

[[Page 148]]

based on information obtained pursuant to paragraph (a)(4)(iv) of this 
section that a dealer may have improperly sold or delivered a 
significant number of such vehicles to ultimate purchasers so residing, 
reminding the dealer in writing of the requirements of these 
regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the dealer that sale by the 
dealer of vehicles not configured to meet low-altitude requirements may 
be contrary to the terms of its franchise agreement with the 
manufacturer and the dealer certification requirements of Sec. 85.2108 
of this chapter.
    (5)(i) For the purpose of paragraph (a) of this section, a 
``designated high-altitude location'' is any county which has 
substantially all of its area located above 1,219 meters (4,000 feet) 
and:
    (A) Requested an extension past the attainment date of December 31, 
1982, for compliance with either the National Ambient Air Quality 
Standards for carbon monoxide or ozone, as indicated in part 52 
(Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans) of this title; or
    (B) Is in the same state as a county designated as a high-altitude 
location according to paragraph (a)(5)(i)(A) of this section.
    (ii) The designated high-altitude locations defined in paragraph 
(a)(5)(i) of this section are listed below:

                            State of Colorado

Adams
Alamosa
Arapahoe
Archuleta
Boulder
Chaffee
Cheyenne
Clear Creek
Conejos
Costilla
Crowley
Custer
Delta
Denver
Dolores
Douglas
Eagle
Elbert
El Paso
Fremont
Garfield
Gilpin
Grand
Gunnison
Hinsdale
Huerfano
Jackson
Jefferson
Kit Carson
Lake
La Plata
Larimer
Las Animas
Lincoln
Mesa
Mineral
Moffat
Montezuma
Montrose
Morgan
Otero
Ouray
Park
Pitkin
Pueblo
Rio Blanco
Rio Grande
Routt
Saguache
San Juan
San Miguel
Summit
Teller
Washington
Weld

                             State of Nevada

Carson City
Douglas
Elko
Esmeralda
Eureka
Humboldt
Lander
Lincoln
Lyon
Mineral
Nye
Pershing
Storey
Washoe
White Pine

                           State of New Mexico

Bernalillo
Catron
Colfax
Curry
De Baca
Grant
Guadalupe
Harding
Hidalgo
Lincoln
Los Alamos
Luna
McKinley
Mora
Otero
Rio Arriba
Roosevelt
Sandoval
San Juan
San Miguel
Santa Fe
Sierra
Socorro
Taos
Torrance
Union
Valencia

                              State of Utah

Beaver
Box Elder
Cache
Carbon
Daggett
Davis
Duchesne
Emery
Garfield
Grand
Iron
Juab
Kane
Millard
Morgan
Piute
Rich
Salt Lake
San Juan
Sanpete
Sevier
Summit
Tooele
Uintah
Utah
Wasatch
Wayne
Weber

    (iii) For the purpose of paragraph (a) of this section, a 
``designated low-altitude location'' is any county which has 
substantially all of its area located below 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).
    (iv) The designated low-altitude locations so defined include all 
counties in the United States which are not listed in eithir paragraph 
(a)(5)(ii) of this section or in the list below:

                            State of Arizona

Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Navajo
Yavapai

[[Page 149]]



                             State of Idaho

Bannock
Bear Lake
Bingham
Blaine
Bonneville
Butte
Camas
Caribou
Cassia
Clark
Custer
Franklin
Fremont
Jefferson
Lemhi
Madison
Minidoka
Oneida
Power
Treton
Valley

                            State of Montana

Beaverhead
Deer Lodge
Gallatin
Jefferson
Judith Basin
Madison
Meagher
Park
Powell
Silver Bow
Wheatland

                            State of Nebraska

Banner
Cheyenne
Kimball
Sioux

                             State of Oregon

Harney
Klamath
Lake

                             State of Texas

Jeff Davis
Hudspeth
Parmer

                            State of Wyoming

Albany
Campbell
Carbon
Converse
Fremont
Goshen
Hot Springs
Johnson
Laramie
Lincoln
Natrona
Niobrara
Park
Platte
Sublette
Sweetwater
Teton
Uinta
Washakie
Weston

    (6) Catalyst-equipped vehicles, otherwise covered by a certificate, 
which are driven outside the United States, Canada, and Mexico will be 
presumed to have been operated on leaded gasoline resulting in 
deactivation of the catalysts. If these vehicles are imported or offered 
for importation without retrofit of the catalyst, they will be 
considered not to be within the coverage of the certificate unless 
included in a catalyst control program operated by a manufacturer or a 
United States Government agency and approved by the Administrator.
    (7) For incomplete light-duty trucks, a certificate covers only 
those new motor vehicles which, when completed by having the primary 
load-carrying device or container attached, conform to the maximum curb 
weight and frontal area limitations described in the application for 
certification as required in Sec. 86.091-21(d).
    (8) For heavy-duty engines, a certificate covers only those new 
motor vehicle engines installed in heavy-duty vehicles which conform to 
the minimum gross vehicle weight rating, curb weight, or frontal area 
limitations for heavy-duty vehicles described in Sec. 86.082-2.
    (9) For incomplete gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty 
vehicles a certificate covers only those new motor vehicles which, when 
completed, conform to the nominal maximum fuel tank capacity limitations 
as described in the application for certification as required in 
Sec. 86.091-21(e).
    (10)(i) For diesel light-duty vehicle and diesel light-duty truck 
families which are included in a particulate averaging program, the 
manufacturer's production-weighted average of the particulate emission 
limits of all engine families in a participating class or classes shall 
not exceed the applicable diesel particulate standard, or the composite 
particulate standard defined in Sec. 86.090-2 as appropriate, at the end 
of the model year, as determined in accordance with 40 CFR part 86. The 
certificate shall be void ab initio for those vehicles causing the 
production-weighted FEL to exceed the particulate standard.
    (ii) For all heavy-duty diesel engines which are included in the 
particulate averaging, trading, or banking programs under Sec. 86.091-
15:
    (A) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with the provisions of Sec. 86.091-15 and the averaging, 
trading, and banking related provision of other applicable sections, 
both during and after the model year production.
    (B) Failure to comply with all provisions of Sec. 86.091-15 will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued, and the certificate may be deemed void ab 
initio. 

[[Page 150]]

    (C) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied or excused.
    (b)(1) The Administrator will determine whether a vehicle (or 
engine) covered by the application complies with applicable standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate) by observing the following 
relationships:
    (i) Light-duty vehicles. (A) The durability data vehicle(s) selected 
under Sec. 86.090-24(c)(1)(i) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
engine system combination.
    (B) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1) 
(ii) through (iv) shall represent all vehicles of the same engine-system 
combination as applicable.
    (C) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(l)(vii) (A) and (B) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
evaporative control system within the evaporative family.
    (ii) Light-duty trucks. (A) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected 
under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(1)(ii), shall represent all vehicles of the same 
engine-system combination as applicable.
    (B) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(1)(vii) (A) and (B) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
evaporative control system within the evaporative family.
    (C) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(1)(v) shall represent all vehicles of the same engine-system 
combination as applicable.
    (D) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(1)(viii) shall represent all vehicles of the same evaporative 
control system within the evaporative emission family, as applicable.
    (iii) Heavy-duty engines. (A) An Otto-cycle emission-data test 
engine selected under Sec. 86.090-24(b)(2)(iv) shall represent all 
engines in the same family of the same engine displacement-exhaust 
emission control system combination.
    (B) An Otto-cycle emission-data test engine selected under 
Sec. 86.090-24(b)(2)(iii) shall represent all engines in the same engine 
family of the same engine displacement-exhaust emission control system 
combination.
    (C) A diesel emission data test engine selected under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(3)(ii) shall represent all engines in the same engine-system 
combination.
    (D) A diesel emission-data test engine selected under Sec. 86.090-
24(b)(3)(iii) shall represent all engines of that emission control 
system at the rated fuel delivery of the test engine.
    (iv) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. A 
statement of compliance submitted under Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4) (i) or (ii) 
shall represent all vehicles in the same evaporative emission family-
evaporative emission control system combination.
    (2) The Administrator will proceed as in paragraph (a) of this 
section with respect to the vehicles (or engines) belonging to an engine 
family or engine family-evaporative emission family combination (as 
applicable), all of which comply with all applicable standards (or 
family emission limits, as appropriate).
    (3) If after a review of the test reports and data submitted by the 
manufacturer, data derived from any additional testing conducted 
pursuant to Sec. 86.090-29, data or information derived from any 
inspection carried out under Sec. 86.091-7(d) or any other pertinent 
data or information, the Administrator determines that one or more test 
vehicles (or test engines) of the certification test fleet do not meet 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate), he 
will notify the manufacturer in writing, setting forth the basis for his 
determination. Within 30 days following receipt of the notification, the 
manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's determination. 
The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized representative 
of the manufacturer and shall include a statement specifying the 
manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determination and data 
in support of such objections. If, after a review of the request and 
supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises a 
substantial factual issue, he shall provide the manufacturer a hearing 
in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to such issue.
    (4) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks the manufacturer 
may, at

[[Page 151]]

its option, proceed with any of the following alternatives with respect 
to an emission-data vehicle determined not in compliance with all 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for 
which it was tested:
    (i) Request a hearing under Sec. 86.078-6; or
    (ii) Remove the vehicle configuration (or evaporative vehicle 
configuration, as applicable) which failed, from his application;
    (A) If the failed vehicle was tested for compliance with exhaust 
emission standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) only: The 
Administrator may select, in place of the failed vehicle, in accordance 
with the selection criteria employed in selecting the failed vehicle, a 
new emission-data vehicle to be tested for exhaust emission compliance 
only.
    (B) If the failed vehicle was tested for compliance with both 
exhaust and evaporative emission standards: The Administrator may 
select, in place of the failed vehicle, in accordance with the selection 
criteria employed in selecting the failed vehicle, a new emission-data 
vehicle which will be tested for compliance with both exhaust and 
evaporative emission standards. If one vehicle cannot be selected in 
accordance with the selection criteria employed in selecting the failed 
vehicle, then two vehicles may be selected (i.e., one vehicle to satisfy 
the exhaust emission vehicle selection criteria and one vehicle to 
satisfy the evaporative emission vehicle selection criteria). The 
vehicle selected to satisfy the exhaust emission vehicle selection 
criteria will be tested for compliance with exhaust emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate) only. The vehicle selected 
to satisfy the evaporative emission vehicle selection criteria will be 
tested for compliance with both exhaust and evaporative emission 
standards; or
    (iii) Remove the vehicle configuration (or evaporative vehicle 
configuration, as applicable) which failed from the application and add 
a vehicle configuration(s) (or evaporative vehicle configuration(s), as 
applicable) not previously listed. The Administrator may require, if 
applicable, that the failed vehicle be modified to the new engine code 
(or evaporative emission code, as applicable) and demonstrate by testing 
that it meets applicable standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) for which it was originally tested. In addition, the 
Administrator may select, in accordance with the vehicle selection 
criteria given in Sec. 86.090-24(b), a new emission-data vehicle or 
vehicles. The vehicles selected to satisfy the exhaust emission vehicle 
selection criteria will be tested for compliance with exhaust emission 
standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) only. The vehicles 
selected to satisfy the evaporative emission vehicle selection criteria 
will be tested for compliance with both exhaust and evaporative emission 
standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate); or
    (iv) Correct a component or system malfunction and show that with a 
correctly functioning system or component the failed vehicle meets 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for 
which it was originally tested. The Administrator may require a new 
emission-data vehicle, of identical vehicle configuration (or 
evaporative vehicle configuration, as applicable) to the failed vehicle, 
to be operated and tested for compliance with the applicable standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate) for which the failed vehicle 
was originally tested.
    (5) For heavy-duty engines the manufacturer may, at his option, 
proceed with any of the following alternatives with respect to any 
engine family represented by a test engine(s) determined not in 
complinace with applicable standards (or family emission limit, as 
appropriate):
    (i) Request a hearing under Sec. 86.078-6; or
    (ii) Delete from the application for certification the engines 
represented by the failing test engine. (Engines so deleted may be 
included in a later request for certification under Sec. 86.079-32.) The 
Administrator may then select in place of each failing engine an 
alternate engine chosen in accordance with selection criteria employed 
in selecting the engine that failed; or
    (iii) Modify the test engine and demonstrate by testing that it 
meets applicable standards. Another engine which

[[Page 152]]

is in all material respects the same as the first engine, as modified, 
may then be operated and tested in accordance with applicable test 
procedures.
    (6) If the manufacturer does not request a hearing or present the 
required data under paragraphs (b)(4) or (b)(5) of this section (as 
applicable) of this section, the Administrator will deny certification.
    (c)(1) Notwithstanding the fact that any certification vehicle(s) 
(or certification engine(s)) may comply with other provisions of this 
subpart, the Administrator may withhold or deny the issuance of a 
certificate of conformity (or suspend or revoke any such certificate 
which has been issued) with respect to any such vehicle(s) (or 
engine(s)) if:
    (i) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information in his 
application for certification thereof;
    (ii) The manufacturer renders inaccurate any test data which he 
submits pertaining thereto or otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Act, or of this part with respect to such vehicle (or engine);
    (iii) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied access on the terms 
specified in Sec. 86.091-7(d) to any facility or portion thereof which 
contains any of the following:
    (A) The vehicle (or engine):
    (B) Any components used or considered for use in its modification or 
buildup into a certification vehicle (or certification engine);
    (C) Any production vehicle (or production engine) which is or will 
be claimed by the manufacturer to be covered by the certificate;
    (D) Any step in the construction of a vehicle (or engine) described 
in paragraph (c)(iii)(C) of this section;
    (E) Any records, documents, reports, or histories required by this 
part to be kept concerning any of the above;
    (iv) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied ``reasonable assistance'' 
(as defined in Sec. 86.091-7(d) in examining any of the items listed in 
paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (2) The sanctions of withholding, denying, revoking, or suspending 
of a certificate may be imposed for the reasons in paragraphs 
(c)(1)(i),(ii),(iii), or (iv) of this section only when the infraction 
is substantial.
    (3) In any case in which a manufacturer knowingly submits false or 
inaccurate information or knowingly renders inaccurate or invalid any 
test data or commits any other fraudulent acts and such acts contribute 
substantially to the Administrator's decision to issue a certificate of 
conformity, the Administrator may deem such certificate void ab initio.
    (4) In any case in which certification of a vehicle (or engine) is 
proposed to be withheld, denied, revoked, or suspended under paragraph 
(c)(1) (iii) or (iv) of this section, and in which the Administrator has 
presented to the manufacturer involved reasonable evidence that a 
violation of Sec. 86.091-7(d) in fact occurred, the manufacturer, if he 
wishes to contend that, even though the violation occurred, the vehicle 
(or engine) in question was not involved in the violation to a degree 
that would warrant withholding, denial, revocation, or suspension of 
certification under either paragraph (c)(1) (iii) or (iv) of this 
section, shall have the burden of establishing that contention to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator.
    (5) Any revocation or suspension of certification under paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section shall:
    (i) Be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered 
an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 
hereof.
    (ii) Extend no further than to forbid the introduction into commerce 
of vehicles (or engines) previously covered by the certification which 
are still in the hands of the manufacturer, except in cases of such 
fraud or other misconduct as makes the certification invalid ab initio.
    (6) The manufacturer may request in the form and manner specified in 
paragraph (b)(3) of this section that any determination made by the 
Administrator under paragraph (c)(1) of this section to withhold or deny 
certification be reviewed in a hearing conducted in accordance with 
Sec. 86.078-6. If the Administrator finds, after a review of the request 
and supporting data, that the request raises a substantial factual 
issue, he will grant the request with respect to such issue.

[[Page 153]]

    (d)(1) For light-duty vehicles. Notwithstanding the fact that any 
vehicle configuration or engine family may be covered by a valid 
outstanding certificate of conformity, the Administrator may suspend 
such outstanding certificate of conformity in whole or in part with 
respect to such vehicle configuration or engine family if:
    (i) The manufacturer refuses to comply with the provisions of a test 
order issued by the Administrator pursuant to Sec. 86.603; or
    (ii) The manufacturer refuses to comply with any of the requirements 
of Sec. 86.603; or
    (iii) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information in 
any report or information provided pursuant to the requirements of 
Sec. 86.609; or
    (iv) The manufacturer renders inaccurate any test data which he 
submits pursuant to Sec. 86.609; or
    (v) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied the opportunity to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in Sec. 86.606 of 
this part and in a warrant or court order presented to the manufacturer 
or the party in charge of a facility in question; or
    (vi) EPA Enforcement Officers are unable to conduct activities 
related to entry and access or to obtain ``reasonable assistance'' as 
authorized in Sec. 86.606 of this part because a manufacturer has 
located its facility in a foreign jurisdiction where local law prohibits 
those activities; or
    (vii) The manufacturer refuses to or in fact does not comply with 
Secs. 86.604(a), 86.605, 86.607, 86.608, or 86.610.
    (2) The sanction of suspending a certificate may not be imposed for 
the reasons in paragraph (d)(1)(i), (ii), or (vii) of this section where 
the refusal is caused by conditions and circumstances outside the 
control of the manufacturer which render it impossible to comply with 
those requirements.
    (3) The sanction of suspending a certificate may be imposed for the 
reasons in paragraph (d)(1)(iii), (iv), or (v) of this section only when 
the infraction is substantial.
    (4) In any case in which a manufacturer knowingly submitted false or 
inaccurate information or knowingly rendered inaccurate any test data or 
committed any other fraudulent acts, and such acts contributed 
substantially to the Administrator's original decision not to suspend or 
revoke a certificate of conformity in whole or in part, the 
Administrator may deem such certificate void from the date of such 
fraudulent act.
    (5) In any case in which certification of a vehicle is proposed to 
be suspended under paragraph (d)(1)(v) of this section and in which the 
Administrator has presented to the manufacturer involved reasonable 
evidence that a violation of Sec. 86.606 in fact occurred, if the 
manufacturer wishes to contend that, although the violation occurred, 
the vehicle configuration or engine family in question was not involved 
in the violation to a degree that would warrant suspension of 
certification under paragraph (d)(1)(v) of this section, the 
manufacturer shall have the burden of establishing the contention to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator.
    (6) Any suspension of certification under paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section shall:
    (i) Be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered 
an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.614; 
and
    (ii) Not apply to vehicles no longer in the hands of the 
manufacturer.
    (7) Any voiding of a certificate of conformity under paragraph 
(d)(4) of this section will be made only after the manufacturer 
concerned has been offered an opportunity for a hearing conducted in 
accordance with Sec. 86.614.
    (e) For light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines. (1) 
Notwithstanding the fact that any vehicle configuration or engine family 
may be covered by a valid outstanding certificate of conformity, the 
Administrator may suspend such outstanding certificate of conformity in 
whole or in part with respect to such vehicle or engine configuration or 
engine family if:
    (i) The manufacturer refuses to comply with the provisions of a test 
order issued by the Administrator pursuant to Sec. 86.1003; or
    (ii) The manufacturer refuses to comply with any of the requirements 
of Sec. 86.1003; or

[[Page 154]]

    (iii) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information in 
any report or information provided pursuant to the requirements of 
Sec. 86.1009; or
    (iv) The manufacturer renders inaccurate any test data submitted 
pursuant to Sec. 86.1009; or
    (v) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied the opportunity to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in Sec. 86.1006 of 
this part and in a warrant or court order presented to the manufacturer 
or the party in charge of a facility in question; or
    (vi) EPA Enforcement Officers are unable to conduct activities 
related to entry and access as authorized in Sec. 86.1006 of this part 
because a manufacturer has located a facility in a foreign jurisdiction 
where local law prohibits those activities; or
    (vii) The manufacturer refuses to or in fact does not comply with 
the requirements of Secs. 86.1004(a), 86.1005, 86.1007, 86.1008, 
86.1010, 86.1011, or 86.1013.
    (2) The sanction of suspending a certificate may not be imposed for 
the reasons in paragraph (e)(1) (i), (ii), or (vii) of this section 
where such refusal or denial is caused by conditions and circumstances 
outside the control of the manufacturer which renders it impossible to 
comply with those requirements. Such conditions and circumstances shall 
include, but are not limited to, any uncontrollable factors which result 
in the temporary unavailability of equipment and personnel needed to 
conduct the required tests, such as equipment breakdown or failure or 
illness of personnel, but shall not include failure of the manufacturers 
to adequately plan for and provide the equipment and personnel needed to 
conduct the tests. The manufacturer will bear the burden of establishing 
the presence of the conditions and circumstances required by this 
paragraph.
    (3) The sanction of suspending a certificate may be imposed for the 
reasons outlined in paragraph (e)(1) (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section 
only when the infraction is substantial.
    (4) In any case in which a manufacturer knowingly submitted false or 
inaccurate information or knowingly rendered inaccurate any test data or 
committed any other fraudulent acts, and such acts contributed 
substantially to the Administrator's original decision not to suspend or 
revoke a certificate of conformity in whole or in part, the 
Administrator may deem such certificate void from the date of such 
fraudulent act.
    (5) In any case in which certification of a light-duty truck or 
heavy-duty engine is proposed to be suspended under paragraph (e)(1)(v) 
of this section and in which the Administrator has presented to the 
manufacturer involved reasonable evidence that a violation of 
Sec. 86.1006 in fact occurred, if the manufacturer wishes to contend 
that, although the violation occurred, the vehicle or engine 
configuration or engine family in question was not involved in the 
violation to a degree that would warrant suspension of certification 
under paragraph (e)(1)(v) of this section, he shall have the burden of 
establishing that contention to the satisfaction of the Administrator.
    (6) Any suspension of certification under paragraph (e)(1) of this 
section shall:
    (i) Be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered 
an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.1014, 
and
    (ii) Not apply to vehicles or engines no longer in the hands of the 
manufacturer.
    (7) Any voiding of a certificate of conformity under paragraph 
(e)(4) of this section shall be made only after the manufacturer 
concerned has been offered an opportunity for a hearing conducted in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1014.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10682, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 14493, Apr. 11, 1989; 
55 FR 30625, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.091-35  Labeling.

    (a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) 
subject to the applicable emission standards (and family emission 
limits, as appropriate) of this subpart, shall, at the time of 
manufacture, affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in the 
manner described below, containing the information hereinafter provided,

[[Page 155]]

to all production models of such vehicles (or engines) available for 
sale to the public and covered by a certificate of conformity under 
Sec. 86.091-30(a).
    (1) Light-duty vehicles. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be 
affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches), engine family 
identification and evaporative family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), including but not limited 
to idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing, and valve lash (as 
applicable), as well as other parameters deemed necessary by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tune-up and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to light-duty vehicles;
    (F) For vehicles which are part of the diesel particulate averaging 
program, the family particulate emission limit to which the vehicle is 
certified;
    (G) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at high altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.087-8(h),
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only,
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude, and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude; and
    (H) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at low altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.087-8(i),
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at high 
altitude only, and
    (2) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at low 
altitude.
    (2) Light-duty trucks. (i) A legible permanent label shall be 
affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label.
    (A) The label heading: Important Vehicle Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches) and engine family 
identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), including but not limited 
to idle speed(s),

[[Page 156]]

ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting procedure and value 
(e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed drop), high idle speed, 
initial injection timing, and valve lash (as applicable), as well as 
other parameters deemed necessary by the manufacturer. These 
specifications should indicate the proper transmission position during 
tune-up and what accessories (e.g., air conditioner), if any, should be 
in operation. If adjustments or modifications to the vehicle are 
necessary to insure compliance with emission standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate) at either high or low altitude, the 
manufacturer shall either include the instructions for such adjustments 
on the label, or indicate on the label where instructions for such 
adjustments may be found. The label shall indicate whether the engine 
tune-up or adjustment specifications are applicable to high altitude, 
low altitude or both;
    (E) The prominent statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19__ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (F) If the manufacturer is provided an alternate useful-life period 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.088-21(f), the prominent statement: 
``This vehicle has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards for a 
useful-life period of __ years or __ miles of operation, whichever 
occurs first. This vehicle's actual life may vary depending on its 
service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement only to 
express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than years of 
miles (e.g., hours, or miles only);
    (G) A statement, if applicable, that the adjustments or 
modifications indicated on the label are necessary to ensure emission 
control compliance at the altitude specified;
    (H) A statement, if applicable, that the high-altitude vehicle was 
designated or modified for principal use at high altitude. This 
statement must be affixed by the manufacturer at the time of assembly or 
by any dealer who performs the high-altitude modification or adjustment 
prior to sale to an ultimate purchaser;
    (I) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
high-altitude emission standards, as specified in Sec. 86.088-9(g)(2),
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only,
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude, and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart I do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude; and,
    (J) For vehicles which are included in the diesel particulate 
averaging program, the family particulate emission limit to which the 
vehicle is certified.
    (K) For vehicles which are included in the light-duty truck 
NOX averaging program, the family NOX emission 
limit to which the vehicle is certified.
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. (i) A permanent legible label shall be 
affixed to the engine in a position in which it will be readily visible 
after installation in the vehicle.
    (ii) The label shall be attached to an engine part necessary for 
normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during 
engine life.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Important Engine Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches) and engine family and 
model designations;
    (D) Date of engine manufacture (month and year). The manufacturer 
may, in lieu of including the date of manufacture on the engine label, 
maintain a record of the engine manufacture dates. The manufacturer 
shall provide the date of manufacture records to the Administrator upon 
request;
    (E) Engine specifications and adjustments as recommended by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should

[[Page 157]]

indicate the proper transmission position during tuneup and what 
accessories (e.g., air conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (F) For Otto-cycle engines the label should include the idle speed, 
ignition timing, and the idle air-fuel mixture setting procedure and 
value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed drop), and valve 
lash;
    (G) For diesel engines the label should include the advertised hp at 
rpm, fuel rate at advertised hp in mm3/stroke, valve lash, 
initial injection timing, and idle speed;
    (H) The prominent statement: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19__ Model Year New Heavy-Duty Engines.''
    (I) If the manufacturer is provided with an alternate useful-life 
period under the provisions of Sec. 86.088-21(f), the prominent 
statement: ``This engine has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards 
for a useful-life period of __ miles or __ hours of operation, whichever 
occurs first. This engine's actual life may vary depending on its 
service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement only to 
express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than miles or 
hours (e.g., years, or hours only);
    (J) For diesel engines. The prominent statement: ``This engine has a 
primary intended service application as a ____-heavy-duty engine.'' (The 
primary intended service applications are light, medium, and heavy, as 
defined in Sec. 86.085-2);
    (K) For Otto-cycle engines. One of the following statements, as 
applicable:
    (1) For engines certified to the emission standards of Sec. 86.091-
10(a)(1)(i) or Sec. 86.091-10(a)(1)(iii), the statement: ``This engine 
is certified for use in all heavy-duty vehicles.''
    (2) For gasoline-fueled engines certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3)(i), the statement: ``This engine is certified for 
use in all heavy-duty vehicles under the special provision of 40 CFR 
86.091-10(a)(3)(i).''
    (3) For engines certified to the emission standards of Sec. 86.091-
10(a)(1)(ii) or Sec. 86.091-10(a)(1)(iv), the statement: ``This engine 
is certified for use only in heavy-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle 
weight rating above 14,000 lbs.''
    (L) For all heavy-duty engines which are included in the particulate 
averaging, trading, or banking programs, the particulate family emission 
limit to which the engine is certified.
    (M) For all heavy-duty engines which are included in the 
NOX averaging, trading, or banking programs, the 
NOX family emission limit to which the engine is certified.
    (N) For diesel engines which have been certified to comply with the 
urban bus particulate standard of 40 CFR 86.091-11(a)(1)(iv), the 
statement ``This engine is certified for use in an urban bus as defined 
at 40 CFR 86.091-2.'' Unless waived by the Administrator on the basis of 
impracticality, for diesel engines not certified to comply with the 
urban bus particulate standard, the statement ``This engine is not 
certified for use in an urban bus as defined at 40 CFR 86.091-2. Sales 
of this engine for use in an urban bus is a violation of Federal law 
under the Clean Air Act.''
    (iv) The label may be made up of one or more pieces: Provided, That 
all pieces are permanently attached to the same engine or vehicle part 
as applicable.
    (4)(i) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. A 
permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible position 
in the engine compartment. If such vehicles do not have an engine 
compartment, the label required in paragraphs (a)(4) and (g)(1) of this 
section shall be affixed in a readily visible position on the operator's 
enclosure or on the engine.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The lable shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numericals, which shall be of 
a color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;

[[Page 158]]

    (C) Evaporative family identification;
    (D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gallons) for which 
the evaporative control system is certified; and
    (E) One of the following, as appropriate:
    (1) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (2) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a manufacturer 
from also reciting on the label that such vehicle (or engine) conforms 
to any applicable state emission standards for new motor vehicles (or 
new motor vehicle engines) or any other information that such 
manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, the proper operation and 
satisfactory maintenance of the vehicle (or engine).
    (c)(1) The manufacturer of any light-duty vehicle or light-duty 
truck subject to the emission standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart shall, in addition and subsequent to 
setting forth those statements on the label required by the Department 
of Transportation (DOT) pursuant to 49 CFR 567.4, set forth on the DOT 
label or on an additional label located in proximity to the DOT label 
and affixed as described in 40 CFR 567.4(b), the following information 
in the English language, lettered in block letters and numerals not less 
than three thirty-seconds of an inch high, of a color that contrasts 
with the background of the label:
    (i) The Heading: ``Vehicle Emission Control Information.''
    (ii)(A) For light-duty vehicles, the statement: ``This Vehicle 
Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to 19--Model Year New Motor 
Vehicles.''
    (B) For light-duty trucks. (1) The statement: ``This vehicle 
conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19--Model Year New Light-
Duty Trucks.''
    (2) If the manufacturer is provided an alternate useful-life period 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.088-21(f), the prominent statement: 
``This vehicle has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards for a 
useful-life period of __ years or __ miles of operation, whichever 
occurs first. This vehicle's actual life may vary depending on its 
service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement only to 
express the assigned alternative useful life in terms other than years 
or miles (e.g., hours, or miles only).
    (iii) One of the following statements, as applicable, in letters and 
numerals not less than six thirty-seconds of an inch high and of a color 
that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) For all vehicles certified as non-catalyst-equipped: ``NON-
CATALYST'';
    (B) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which approval 
has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST--APPROVED FOR IMPORT'';
    (C) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are not 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which prior 
approval has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST'';
    (2) In lieu in of selecting either of the labeling options of 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may add the 
information required by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section to the 
labeling required by paragraph (a) of this section. The required 
information will be set forth in the manner prescribed by paragraph 
(c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks or incomplete heavy-duty vehicles 
optionally certified as light-duty trucks shall have the following 
prominent statement printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section in lieu of the statement required by paragraph 
(a)(2)(iii)(E) of this section: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19__ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks when 
completed at a maximum curb weight of __ pounds or at a maximum gross 
vehicle weight rating of __ pounds or with a maximum frontal area of __ 
square feet.''
    (e) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles having a gross vehicle weight 
rating of 8,500 pounds or less shall have one of the following 
statements printed on

[[Page 159]]

the label required by paragraph (a)(3) of this section in lieu of the 
statement required by paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(H) of this section: ``This 
engine conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19__ Model Year 
New Heavy-Duty Engines when installed in a vehicle completed at a curb 
weight of more than 6,000 pounds or with a frontal area of greater than 
45 square feet.''
    (f) The manufacturer of any incomplete light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck shall notify the purchaser of such vehicle of any curb 
weight, frontal area, or gross vehicle weight rating limitations 
affecting the emission certificate applicable to that vehicle. This 
notification shall be transmitted in a manner consistent with National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety notification requirements 
published in 49 CFR part 568.
    (g)(1)(i) Incomplete gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have 
the following prominent statement printed on the label required in 
paragraph (a)(4) of this section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has 
determined that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable 
to 19__ Model Year New Gasoline-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when 
completed with a nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed ____ gallons. 
Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the above maximum must 
submit a written statement to the Administrator that the hydrocarbon 
storage system has been upgraded according to the requirements of 40 CFR 
86.091-35(g)(2).''
    (ii) Incomplete methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have the 
following prominent statement printed on the label required in paragraph 
(a)(4) of this section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has determined 
that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19__ 
Model Year New Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when completed with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed ____ gallons. Persons wishing 
to add fuel tank capacity beyond the above maximum must submit a written 
statement to the Administrator that the hydrocarbon storage system has 
been upgraded according to the requirements of 40 CFR 86.091-35(g)(2).''
    (2) Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the maximum 
specified on the label required in paragraph (g)(1) of this section 
shall:
    (i) Increase the amount of fuel tank vapor storage material 
according to the following function:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.008

Where:
Capf = final amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, 
grams.
Capi = initial amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, 
grams.
T. Vol. = total fuel tank volume of completed vehicle, gallons.
Max. Vol. = maximum fuel tank volume as specified on the label required 
in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, gallons.

    (ii) Use, if applicable, hosing for fuel vapor routing which is at 
least as impermeable to hydrocarbon vapors as that used by the primary 
manufacturer.
    (iii) Use vapor storage material with the same adsorptive 
characteristics as that used by the primary manufacturer.
    (iv) Connect, if applicable, any new hydrocarbon storage device to 
the existing hydrocarbon storage device in series such that the original 
hydrocarbon storage device is situated between the fuel tank and the new 
hydrocarbon storage device. The original hydrocarbon storage device 
shall be sealed such that vapors cannot reach the atmosphere. The 
elevation of the original hydrocarbon storage device shall be equal to 
or lower than the new hydrocarbon storage device.
    (v) Submit a written statement to the Administrator that paragraphs 
(g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(iv) of this section have been complied with.
    (3) If applicable, the Administrator will send a return letter 
verifying the receipt of the written statement required in paragraph 
(g)(2)(v) of this section.
    (h)(1) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines for which 
nonconformance penalties are to be paid in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(b) shall have the following information printed on the label required 
in paragraph (a) of this section or on a separate permanent legible 
label in the English language and

[[Page 160]]

located in proximity to the label required in paragraph (a) of this 
section. The manufacturer shall begin labeling production engines or 
vehicles within 10 days after the completion of the PCA.
    (i) The statement: ``The manufacturer of this engine/vehicle will 
pay a penalty to be allowed to introduce it into commerce at an emission 
level higher than the applicable emission standard. The compliance level 
(or new emission standard) for this engine/vehicle is ______.'' (The 
manufacturer shall insert the applicable pollutant and compliance level 
calculated in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(a).)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (2) If a manufacturer introduces an engine or vehicle into commerce 
prior to the compliance level determination of Sec. 86.1112-87(a), it 
shall provide the engine or vehicle owner with a label as described 
above to be affixed in a location in proximity to the label required in 
paragraph (a) of this section within 30 days of the completion of the 
PCA.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10690, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 14498, Apr. 11, 1989; 
55 FR 30626, July 26, 1990; 55 FR 46628, Nov. 5, 1990]



Sec. 86.092-1  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart apply to 1992 and later model 
year new Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty vehicles, 1992 and later model 
year new Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty trucks, and 1992 and later 
model year new Otto-cycle and diesel heavy-duty engines. The provisions 
of this subpart are optional for vehicles fueled with either natural gas 
or liquefied petroleum gas for the 1994 through 1996 model years. The 
provisions of this subpart also apply to aftermarket conversions of all 
model year Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty vehicles, Otto-cycle and 
diesel light-duty trucks, and Otto-cycle and diesel heavy-duty engines 
certified under the provisions of 40 CFR part 85, subpart F.
    (b) Optional applicability. A manufacturer may request to certify 
any heavy-duty vehicle of 10,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight Rating or 
less in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions. Heavy-duty 
engine or vehicle provisions do not apply to such a vehicle.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Alternative Durability Program. For 1992 and later model year 
light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a manufacturer may elect to 
participate in the Alternative Durability Program. This optional program 
provides an alternative method of determining exhaust emission control 
system durability.
    The general procedures and a description of the programs are 
contained in Sec. 86.085-13 and specific provisions on test vehicles and 
compliance procedures are contained in Sec. 86.092-24 and Sec. 86.091-28 
respectively.
    (e) Small volume manufacturers. Special certification procedures are 
available for any manufacturer whose projected combined U.S. sales of 
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-
duty engines in its product line (including all vehicles and engines 
imported under the provisions of 40 CFR 85.1505 and 40 CFR 85.1509) are 
fewer than 10,000 units for the model year in which the manufacturer 
seeks certification. To certify its product line under these optional 
procedures, the small-volume manufacturer must first obtain the 
Administrator's approval. The manufacturer must meet the eligibility 
criteria specified in Sec. 86.092-14(b) before the Administrator's 
approval will be granted. The small-volume manufacturer's certification 
procedures are described in Sec. 86.092-14.
    (f) Optional procedures for determining exhaust opacity. (1) The 
provisions of subpart I apply to tests which are performed by the 
Administrator, and optionally, by the manufacturer.
    (2) Measurement procedures, other than that described in subpart I, 
may be used by the manufacturer provided the manufacturer satisfies the 
requirements of Sec. 86.091-23(f).
    (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use an alternative measurement 
procedure it has the responsibility to determine whether the results 
obtained by the procedure will correlate with the results which would be 
obtained from the measurement procedure in subpart I. Consequently, the 
Administrator will

[[Page 161]]

not routinely approve or disapprove any alternative opacity measurement 
procedure or any associated correlation data which the manufacturer 
elects to use to satisfy the data requirements for subpart I.
    (4) If a confirmatory test(s) is performed and the results indicate 
there is a systematic problem suggesting that the data generated under 
an optional alternative measurement procedure do not adequately 
correlate with subpart I data, EPA may require that all certificates of 
conformity not already issued be based on data from subpart I 
procedures.

[55 FR 7187, Feb. 28, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 48494, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.092-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.091-2 remain effective. The definitions 
listed in this section apply beginning with the 1992 model year.
    (a) Proven emission control systems are emission control components 
or systems (and fuel metering systems) that have completed full 
durability testing evaluation over a vehicle's useful life in some other 
certified engine family, or have completed bench or road testing 
demonstrated to be equal or more severe than certification mileage 
accumulation requirements. Alternatively, proven components or systems 
are those that are determined by EPA to be of comparable functional 
quality and manufactured using comparable materials and production 
techniques as components or systems which have been durability 
demonstrated in some other certified engine family. In addition, the 
components or systems must be employed in an operating environment 
(e.g., temperature, exhaust flow, etc.,) similar to that experienced by 
the original or comparable components or systems in the original 
certified engine family.
    (b) Unproven emission control systems are emission control 
components or systems (and fuel metering systems) that do not qualify as 
proven emission control systems.
    (c) Similar systems are engine, fuel metering and emission control 
system combinations which use the same fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel, 
etc.), combustion cycle (i.e., two or four stroke), general type of fuel 
system (i.e., carburetor or fuel injection), catalyst system (e.g., 
none, oxidization, three-way plus oxidization, three-way only, etc.), 
fuel control system (i.e., feedback or non-feedback), secondary air 
system (i.e., equipped or not equipped) and EGR (i.e., equipped or not 
equipped).
    (d) Conveniently available service facility and spare parts for 
small-volume manufacturers means that the vehicle manufacturer has a 
qualified service facility at or near the authorized point of sale or 
delivery of its vehicles and maintains an inventory of all emission-
related spare parts or has made arrangements for the part manufacturers 
to supply the parts by expedited shipment (e.g., utilizing overnight 
express delivery service, UPS, etc.).

[55 FR 7187, Feb. 28, 1990]



Sec. 86.092-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    (a) The small-volume manufacturers certification procedures 
described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section are optional. Small-
volume manufacturers may use these optional procedures to demonstrate 
compliance with the general standards and specific emission requirements 
contained in this subpart.
    (b)(1) The optional small-volume manufacturers certification 
procedures apply to light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty 
vehicles, and heavy-duty engines produced by manufacturers with U.S. 
sales, including all vehicles and engines imported under the provisions 
of 40 CFR 85.1505 and 40 CFR 85.1509 (for the model year in which 
certification is sought) of fewer than 10,000 units (Light-Duty 
Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Heavy-Duty Engines 
combined).
    (2) For the purpose of determining the applicability of paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section, the sales the Administrator shall use shall be 
the aggregate of the projected or actual sales of those vehicles and/or 
engines in any of the groupings identified below in this subparagraph.
    (i) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms, one of 
which is 10 percent or greater part owned by another;

[[Page 162]]

    (ii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by any two or more firms if a 
third party has equity ownership of 10 percent or more in each of the 
firms;
    (iii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms having a 
common corporate officer(s) who is(are) responsible for the overall 
direction of the companies;
    (iv) Vehicles and/or engines imported or distributed by all firms 
where the vehicles and/or engines are manufactured by the same entity 
and the importer or distributer is an authorized agent of the entity.
    (3) If the aggregated sales, as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section are less than 301 units, the manufacturers in the 
aggregated relationship may certify under the provisions in this section 
that apply to manufacturers with sales of less than 301 units.
    (4) If the aggregated sales, as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section are greater than 300 but fewer than 10,000 units, the 
manufacturers in the aggregated relationship may certify under the 
provisions in this section that apply to manufacturers with sales from 
and including 301 through 9,999 motor vehicles and motor vehicles 
engines per year.
    (5) If the aggregated sales, as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section are equal to or greater than 10,000 units, then the 
manufacturers involved in the aggregated relationship will be allowed to 
certify a number of units under the small-volume engine family 
certification procedures (40 CFR 86.092-24(e)) in accordance with the 
criteria identified below in this subparagraph.
    (i) If a manufacturer purchases less than 50 percent of another 
manufacturer, each manufacturer retains its right to certify 9,999 units 
using the small-volume engine family certification procedures.
    (ii) If a manufacturer purchases 50 percent or more of another 
manufacturer, the manufacturer with the over 50 percent interest must 
share, with the manufacturer it purchased, its 9,999 units under the 
small-volume engine family certification procedures.
    (iii) In a joint venture arrangement (50/50 ownership) between two 
manufacturers, each manufacturer retains its eligibility for 9,999 units 
under the small-volume engine family certification procedures, but the 
joint venture must draw its maximum 9,999 units from the units allocated 
to its parent manufacturers.
    (c) Small-volume manufacturers shall demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable sections of this subpart. The appropriate model year of the 
following applicable sections shall be determined in accordance with 
Sec. 86.084-4:
    (1) Sections 86.092-1, 86.092-2, 86.090-3, 86.084-4, 86.090-5, 
86.078-6, 86.078-7, and 86.090-8 through 86.090-11 of this subpart are 
applicable.
    (2) Section 86.080-12 of this subpart is not applicable.
    (3) Section 86.085-13, 86.092-14, 86.084-15, and 86.085-20 of this 
subpart are applicable.
    (4) Small-volume manufacturers shall include in their records all of 
the information that EPA requires in Sec. 86.090-21 of this subpart. 
This information will be considered part of the manufacturer's 
application for certification. However, the manufacturer is not required 
to submit the information to the Administrator unless the Administrator 
requests it.
    (5) Section 86.085-22 of this subpart is applicable except as noted 
below.
    (i) Small-volume light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck 
manufacturers may satisfy the requirements of paragraph (e) of 
Sec. 86.085-22 by including a statement of compliance on adjustable 
parameters in the application for certification. In the statement of 
compliance the manufacturer shall state that the limits, stops, seals, 
or other means used to inhibit adjustment have been designed to 
accomplish their intended purpose based on good engineering practice and 
past experience. If the vehicle parameter is adjustable the vehicle must 
meet emission standards with the parameter set any place within the 
adjustable range (Reference Sec. 86.090-21 of this subpart).
    (6) Section 86.090-23 of this subpart is applicable.
    (7) Section 86.092-24 of this subpart is applicable except as noted 
below.
    (i) Small-volume manufacturers may satisfy the requirements of 
paragraph (b) and (c) of Sec. 86.092-24 of this subpart by:

[[Page 163]]

    (A) Emission-data--Selecting one emission-data test vehicle (engine) 
per engine family by the worst-case emissions criteria as follows:
    (1) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. The manufacturer 
shall select the vehicle with the heaviest equivalent test weight 
(including options) within the engine family. Then within that vehicle 
the manufacturer shall select, in the order listed, the highest road 
load power, largest displacement, the transmission with the highest 
numerical final gear ratio (including overdrive), the highest numerical 
axle ratio offered in the engine family, and the maximum fuel flow 
calibration.
    (2) Heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines. The manufacturer shall select one 
emission-data engine first based on the largest displacement within the 
engine family. Then within the largest displacement the manufacturer 
shall select, in the order listed, highest fuel flow at the speed of 
maximum rated torque, the engine with the most advanced spark timing, no 
EGR or lowest EGR flow, and no air pump or lowest actual flow air pump.
    (3) Heavy-duty diesel engines. The manufacturer shall select one 
emission-data engine based on the highest fuel feed per stroke, 
primarily at the speed of maximum rated torque and secondarily at rated 
speed.
    (B) Testing light-duty vehicles or light-duty truck emission-data 
vehicles at any service accumulation distance of at least 2,000 miles 
(3,219 kilometers) or, catalyst equipped heavy-duty emission-data 
engines at any service accumulation time of at least 62 hours, or non-
catalyst equipped heavy-duty engine emission-data engines at any service 
accumulation time determined by the manufacturer to result in stabilized 
emissions. The emission performance of the emission-data vehicle or 
engine must be stabilized prior to emission testing.
    (C) Durability data--Satisfying the durability-data requirements by 
complying with the applicable procedures below:
    (1) Manufacturers with aggregated sales of less than 301 motor 
vehicles and motor vehicle engines per year may use assigned 
deterioration factors that the Administrator determines and prescribes. 
The factors will be the Administrator's estimate, periodically updated 
and published in an advisory letter or advisory circular, of the 70th 
percentile deterioration factors calculated using the industrywide data 
base of previously completed durability-data vehicles or engines used 
for certification. However, the manufacturer may, at its option, 
accumulate miles (hours) on a durability-data vehicle (engine) and 
complete emission tests for the purpose of establishing its own 
deterioration factors.
    (2) Manufacturers with aggregated sales from and including 301 
through 9,999 motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines per year 
certifying light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions from vehicles equipped 
with proven emission control systems shall use assigned deterioration 
factors that the manufacturer determines based on its good engineering 
judgment. However, the manufacturer may not use deterioration factors 
less than either the average or 70th percentile of all of that 
manufacturer's deterioration factor data, whichever is less. These 
minimum deterioration factors shall be calculated according to 
procedures in paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C)(2)(i), of this section. If the 
manufacturer does not have at least two data points to calculate these 
manufacturer specific average deterioration factors, then the 
deterioration factors shall be no less than the EPA supplied 
industrywide deterioration factors. However, the manufacturer may, at 
its option, accumulate miles on a durability-data vehicle and complete 
emission tests for the purpose of establishing its own deterioration 
factors.
    (i) The manufacturer's minimum deterioration factors shall be 
calculated using the deterioration factors from all engine families, 
within the same vehicle/engine-fuel usage category (e.g., gasoline-
fueled light-duty vehicle, etc.) previously certified to the same 
emission standards. The manufacturer shall use only deterioration 
factors engine families previously certified by the manufacturer and the 
deterioration factors shall not be included in the calculation more than 
once. The deterioration factors for each pollutant shall

[[Page 164]]

be calculated separately. The manufacturer may, at its option, limit the 
deterioration factors used in the calculation of the manufacturer's 
minimum deterioration factors to those from all similar systems to the 
system being certified if sufficient data (i.e., from at least two 
certified systems) exists. All data eligible to be grouped as similar 
system data shall be used in calculating similar system deterioration 
factors. Any deterioration factors used in calculating similar system 
deterioration factors shall not be included in calculating the 
manufacturer's minimum deterioration factors used to certify any of the 
manufacturer's remaining vehicle systems.
    (3) Manufacturers with aggregated sales from 301 through 9,999 motor 
vehicles and motor vehicle engines and certifying light-duty vehicle 
exhaust emissions from vehicles equipped with unproven emission control 
systems shall use deterioration factors that the manufacturer determines 
from official certification durability data generated by vehicles from 
engine families representing a minimum of 25 percent of the 
manufacturer's sales equipped with unproven emission control systems. 
The sales projections are to be based on total sales projected for each 
engine/system combination. The durability-data vehicle (engine) mileage 
accumulation and emission tests are to be conducted according 
Sec. 86.092-26 of this subpart. The manufacturer must develop 
deterioration factors by generating durability data in accordance with 
Sec. 86.092-26 of this subpart on a minimum of 25 percent of the 
manufacturer's projected sales (by engine/system combination) that is 
equipped with unproven emission control systems. The manufacturer must 
complete the 25 percent durability requirement before the remainder of 
the manufacturer's sales equipped with unproven emission control systems 
is certified using manufacturer-determined assigned deterioration 
factors. Alternatively, any of these manufacturers may, at their option, 
accumulate miles on durability-data vehicles and complete emission tests 
for the purpose of establishing their own deterioration factors on the 
remaining sales.
    (4) For light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, and heavy-duty vehicle 
evaporative emissions and light-duty truck, and heavy-duty engine 
exhaust emissions, deterioration factors shall be determined in 
accordance with Sec. 86.092-24 of this subpart.
    (ii) Paragraphs (d) and (e) of Sec. 86.092-24 of this subpart are 
not applicable.
    (8) Section 86.090-25 of this subpart is applicable to maintenance 
performed on durability-data light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, 
heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty engines when the manufacturer 
completes durability-data vehicles or engines; section 86.087-38 of this 
subpart is applicable to the recommended maintenance the manufacturer 
includes in the maintenance instructions furnished the purchasers of new 
motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines under Sec. 86.087-38 of 
this subpart.
    (9)(i) Section 86.092-26 of this subpart is applicable if the 
manufacturer completes durability-data vehicles or engines.
    (ii) Section 86.085-27 of this subpart is applicable.
    (10) Sections 86.090-28 and 86.090-29 of this subpart are 
applicable.
    (11)(i) Section 86.090-30 of this subpart is applicable, except for 
paragraph (a)(2) and (b) of that section. In the place of these 
paragraphs, small-volume manufacturer shall comply with paragraphs 
(c)(11)(ii) through (v) of this section, as shown below.
    (ii) Small-volume manufacturers shall submit an application for 
certification containing the following:
    (A) The names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the persons the 
manufacturer authorizes to communicate with us.
    (B) A brief description of the vehicles (or engines) covered by the 
certificate (the manufacturers' sales data book or advertising, 
including specifications, may satisfy this requirement for most 
manufacturers). The description shall include, as a minimum, the 
following items as applicable:
    (1) Engine evaporative family names and vehicle (or engine) 
configurations.
    (2) Vehicle carlines or engine models to be listed on the 
certificate of conformity.

[[Page 165]]

    (3) The test weight and horsepower setting for each vehicle or 
engine configuration.
    (4) Projected sales.
    (5) Combustion cycle.
    (6) Cooling mechanism.
    (7) Number of cylinders.
    (8) Displacement.
    (9) Fuel system type.
    (10) Number of catalytic converters, type, volume, composition, 
surface area, and total precious metal loading.
    (11) Method of air aspiration.
    (12) Thermal reactor characteristics.
    (13) Suppliers' and/or manufacturers' name and model number of any 
emission related items of the above, if purchased from a supplier who 
uses the items in its own certified vehicles(s) or engine(s).
    (14) A list of emission component part numbers.
    (15) Drawings, calibration curves, and descriptions of emission 
related components, including those components regulated under paragraph 
(e) of Sec. 86.085-22 of this subpart, and schematics of hoses and other 
devices connecting these components.
    (16) Vehicle adjustments or modifications necessary for light-duty 
trucks to assure that they conform to high-altitude standards.
    (17) A description of the light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks 
which are exempted from the high-altitude emission standards.
    (18) Proof that the manufacturer has obtained or entered an 
agreement to purchase, when applicable, the insurance policy, required 
by Sec. 85.1510(b). The manufacturer may submit a copy of the insurance 
policy or purchase agreement as proof that the manufacturer has obtained 
or entered an agreement to purchase the insurance policy.
    (C) The results of all emission tests the manufacturer performs to 
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards.
    (D)(1) The following statement signed by the authorized 
representative of the manufacturer: ``The vehicles (or engines) 
described herein have been tested in accordance with (list of the 
applicable subparts A, B, D, I, M, N, or P) of part 86, title 40, United 
States Code of Federal Regulations, and on the basis of those tests are 
in conformance with that subpart. All of the data and records required 
by that subpart are on file and are available for inspection by the EPA 
Administrator. We project the total U.S. sales of vehicles (engines) 
subject to this subpart (including all vehicles and engines imported 
under the provisions of 40 CFR 85.1505 and 40 CFR 85.1509 to be fewer 
than 10,000 units.''
    (2) A statement as required by and contained in paragraph (c)(5) of 
this section signed by the authorized representative of the 
manufacturer.
    (3) A statement that the vehicles or engines described in the 
manufacturer's application for certification are not equipped with 
auxiliary emission control devices which can be classified as a defeat 
device as defined in Sec. 86.092-2 of this subpart.
    (4) A statement of compliance with section 206(a)(3) of the Clean 
Air Act.
    (5) A statement that, based on the manufacturer's engineering 
evaluation and/or emission testing, the light-duty vehicles comply with 
emission standards at high altitude unless exempt under paragraph (h) of 
Sec. 86.090-8 of this subpart.
    (6) A statement that, based on the manufacturer's engineering 
evaluation and/or emission testing, the light-duty trucks sold for 
principle use at designated high-altitude locations comply with the 
high-altitude emission requirements and that all other light-duty trucks 
are at least capable of being modified to meet high-altitude standards 
unless exempt under paragraph (g)(2) of Sec. 86.090-9 of this subpart.
    (7) A statement affirming that the manufacturer will provide a list 
of emission and emission-related service parts, including part number 
designations and sources of parts, to the vehicle purchaser for all 
emission and emission-related parts which might affect vehicle emission 
performance throughout the useful life of the vehicle. Secondly, it must 
state that qualified service facilities and emission-related repair 
parts will be conveniently available to serve its vehicles. In addition, 
if service facilities are not available at the point of sale or 
distribution, the manufacturer must indicate

[[Page 166]]

that the vehicle purchaser will be provided information identifying the 
closest authorized service facility to the point of sale, if in the 
United States, or the closest authorized service facility to the point 
of distribution to the ultimate purchaser if the vehicle was purchased 
outside of the United States by the ultimate purchaser. Such information 
should also be made available to the Administrator upon request.
    (E) Manufacturers utilizing deterioration factors determined by the 
manufacturer based on its good engineering judgment (re: paragraph 
(c)(7)(i)(C)(2) of this section) shall provide a description of the 
method(s) used by the manufacturer to determine the deterioration 
factors.
    (iii) If the manufacturer meets requirements of this subpart, the 
Administrator will issue a certificate of conformity for the vehicles or 
engines described in the application for certification.
    (iv) The certificate will be issued for such a period not to exceed 
one model year as the Administrator may determine and upon such terms as 
he may deem necessary to assure that any vehicle or engine covered by 
the certificate will meet the requirements of the Act and of this 
subpart.
    (v)(A) If, after a review of the statements and descriptions 
submitted by the manufacturer, the Administrator determines that the 
manufacturer has not met the applicable requirements, the Administrator 
shall notify the manufacturer in writing of his intention to deny 
certification, setting forth the basis for his determination. The 
manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's determination.
    (B) If the manufacturer does not request a hearing or present the 
required information the Administrator will deny certification.
    (12) Sections 86.079-31 and 86.079-32 of this subpart are not 
applicable.
    (13) Under Sec. 86.079-33 of this subpart, small-volume 
manufacturers are covered by the following.
    (i) Small-volume manufacturers may make production changes (running 
changes) without receiving the Administrator's prior approval. The 
manufacturer shall assure (by conducting emission tests as it deems 
necessary) that the affected vehicles (engines) remain in compliance 
with the requirements of this part.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall notify the Administrator within seven 
days after implementing any production related change (running change) 
that would affect vehicle emissions. This notification shall include any 
changes to the information required under paragraph (c)(11)(ii) of this 
section. The manufacturer shall also amend as necessary its records 
required under paragraph (c)(4) of this section to confirm with the 
production design change.
    (14) Section 86.082-34 of this subpart is not applicable.
    (15) Sections 86.092-35, 86.079-36, 86.082-37, 86.087-38 and 86.084-
39 of this subpart are applicable.

[55 FR 7187, Feb. 28, 1990]



Sec. 86.092-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

    (a)(1) Heavy-duty engines eligible for the NOX and 
particulate averaging, trading, and banking programs are described in 
the applicable emission standards sections in this subpart. 
Participation in these programs is voluntary.
    (2)(i) Engine families with FELs exceeding the applicable standard 
shall obtain emission credits in a mass amount sufficient to address the 
shortfall. Credits may be obtained from averaging, trading, or banking, 
within the averaging set restrictions described in this section.
    (ii) Engine families with FELs below the applicable standard will 
have emission credits available to average, trade, bank or a combination 
thereof. Credits may not be used to offset emissions that exceed an FEL. 
Credits may not be used to remedy an in-use nonconformity determined by 
a Selective Enforcement Audit or by recall testing. However, credits may 
be used to allow subsequent production of engines for the family in 
question if the manufacturer elects to recertify to a higher FEL.
    (iii) Credits scheduled to expire in the earliest model year shall 
be used, prior to using other available credits, to offset emissions of 
engine families

[[Page 167]]

with FELS exceeding the applicable standard.
    (b) Participation in the NOX and/or particulate 
averaging, trading, and banking programs shall be done as follows. (1) 
During certification, the manufacturer shall:
    (i) Declare its intent to include specific engine families in the 
averaging, trading and/or banking programs. Separate declarations are 
required for each program and for each pollutant (i.e., NOX 
and particulate).
    (ii) Declare an FEL for each engine family participating in one or 
more of these three programs.
    (A) The FEL must be to the same level of significant digits as the 
emission standard (one-tenth of a gram per brake horsepower for 
NOX emissions and one-hundredth of a gram per brake 
horsepower-hour for particulate emissions).
    (B) In no case may the FEL exceed the upper limit prescribed in the 
section concerning the applicable heavy-duty engine NOX and 
particulate emission standards.
    (iii) Calculate the projected emission credits (+/-) based on 
quarterly production projections for each participating family and for 
each pollutant (NOX and particulate), using the equation in 
paragraph (c) of this section and the applicable factors for the 
specific engine family.
    (iv)(A) Determine and state the source of the needed credits 
according to quarterly projected production for engine families 
requiring credits for certification.
    (B) State where the quarterly projected credits will be applied for 
engine families generating credits.
    (C) Credits may be obtained from or applied to only engine families 
within the same averaging set as described in paragraphs (d) and (e) of 
this section. Credits available for averaging, trading, or banking as 
defined in Sec. 86.090-2, may be applied to a given engine famil(y) 
(ies), or reserved as defined in Sec. 86.091-2.
    (2) Based on this information each manufacturer's certification 
application must demonstrate:
    (i) That at the end of model year production, each engine family has 
a net emissions credit balance of zero or more using the methodology in 
paragraph (c) of this section with any credits obtained from averaging, 
trading or banking.
    (ii) The source of the credits to be used to comply with the 
emission standard if the FEL exceeds the standard, or where credits will 
be applied if the FEL is less than the emission standard. In cases where 
credits are being obtained, each engine family involved must state 
specifically the source (manufacturer/engine family) of the credits 
being used. In cases where credits are being generated/supplied, each 
engine family involved must state specifically the designated use 
(manufacturer/engine family or reserved) of the credits involved. All 
such reports shall include all credits involved in averaging, trading or 
banking.
    (3) During the model year manufacturers must:
    (i) Monitor projected versus actual production to be certain that 
compliance with the emission standards is achieved at the end of the 
model year.
    (ii) Provide the end of-model year reports required under 
Sec. 86.091-23.
    (iii) Maintain the quarterly records required under Sec. 86.091-
7(c)(8).
    (4) Projected credits based on information supplied in the 
certification application may be used to obtain a certificate of 
conformity. However, any such credits may be revoked based on review of 
end-of-model year reports, follow-up audits, and any other verification 
steps deemed appropriate by the Administrator.
    (5) Compliance under averaging, banking, and trading will be 
determined at the end of the model year. Engine families without an 
adequate amount of actual NOX and/or particulate emission 
credits will violate the conditions of the certificate of conformity. 
The certificates of conformity may be voided ab initio for those engine 
families.
    (6) If EPA or the manufacturer determines that a reporting error 
occurred on an end-of-year report previously submitted to EPA under this 
section, the manufacturer's credits and credit calculations will be 
recalculated. Erroneous positive credits will be void. Erroneous 
negative credit balances may be adjusted by EPA.

[[Page 168]]

    (i) If EPA review of a manufacturer's end-of-year report indicates 
an inadvertent credit shortfall, the manufacturer will be permitted to 
purchase the necessary credits to bring the credit balance for that 
engine family to zero, at the ratio of 1.2 credits purchased for every 
credit needed to bring the balance to zero. If sufficient credits are 
not available to bring the credit balance for the engine family in 
question to zero, EPA may void the certificate for that engine family ab 
initio.
    (ii) If within 180 days of receipt of the manufacturer's end-of-year 
report, EPA review determines a reporting error in the manufacturer's 
favor (i.e., resulting in a positive credit balance) or if the 
manufacturer discovers such an error within 180 days of EPA receipt of 
the end-of-year report, the credits will be restored for use by the 
manufacturer. For the 1992 model year, corrections to the end-of-year 
reports may be submitted until May 9, 1994.
    (c)(1) For each participating engine family, NOX and 
particulate emission credits (positive or negative) are to be calculated 
according to one of the following equations and rounded, in accordance 
with ASTM E29-67, to the nearest one-tenth of a Megagram (Mg). 
Consistent units are to be used throughout the equation.
    For determining credit need for all engine families and credit 
availability for engine families generating credits for averaging 
programs only:

Emission credits = (StdFEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  (106)

    For determining credit availability for engine families generating 
credits for trading or banking programs:

Emission credits = (StdFEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  (106) 
 x  (0.8)

Where:

Std=the current and applicable heavy-duty engine NOX or 
particulate emission standard in grams per brake horsepower hour or 
grams per Megajoule.
FEL=the NOX or particulate family emission limit for the 
engine family in grams per brake horsepower-hour or grams per Megajoule.
CF=a transient cycle conversion factor in BHP-hr/mi or MJ/mi, as given 
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
UL=the useful life, or alternative life as described in paragraph (f) of 
Sec. 86.090-21, for the given engine family in miles.
Production=the number of engines produced for U.S. sales within the 
given engine family during the model year. Quarterly production 
projections are used for initial certification. Actual production is 
used for end-of-year compliance determination.
0.8=a one-time discount applied to all credits to be banked or traded 
within the model year generated. Banked credits traded in a subsequent 
model year will not be subject to an additional discount. Banked credits 
used in a subsequent model year's averaging program will not have the 
discount restored.

    (2) The transient cycle conversion factor is the total (integrated) 
cycle brake horsepower-hour or Megajoules, divided by the equivalent 
mileage of the applicable transient cycle. For Otto-cycle heavy-duty 
engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.3 miles. For diesel heavy-duty 
engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.5 miles. When more than one 
configuration is chosen by EPA to be tested in the certification of an 
engine family (as described in Sec. 86.085-24), the conversion factor 
used is to be based upon the configuration generating the highest 
conversion factor when determining credit need and the lowest conversion 
factor when determining credit availability for banking, trading or 
averaging.
    (d) Averaging sets for NOX emission credits: The 
averaging and trading of NOX emission credits will only be 
allowed between heavy-duty engine families in the same averaging set and 
in the same regional category. Engines produced for sale in California 
constitute a separate regional category than engines produced for sale 
in the other 49 states. Banking and trading are not applicable to 
engines sold in California. The averaging sets for the averaging and 
trading of NOX emission credits for heavy-duty engines are 
defined as follows:
    (1) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines:
    (i) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading among all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families is 
allowed. There are no subclass restrictions.
    (ii) Gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles certified under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.085-1(b) may not average or trade

[[Page 169]]

credits with gasoline-fueled heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines, but may 
average or trade credits with light-duty trucks.
    (2) For diesel cycle heavy-duty engines:
    (i) Each of the three primary intended service classes for heavy-
duty diesel engines, as defined in Sec. 86.090-2, constitute an 
averaging set. Averaging and trading among all diesel cycle engine 
families within the same primary service class is allowed.
    (ii) Urban buses are treated as members of the primary intended 
service class where they would otherwise fall.
    (e) Averaging sets for particulate emission credits. The averaging 
and trading of particulate emission credits will only be allowed between 
diesel cycle heavy-duty engine families in the same averaging set and in 
the same regional category. Engines produced for sale in California 
constitute a separate regional category than engines produced for sale 
in the other 49 states. Banking and trading are not applicable to 
engines sold in California. The averaging sets for the averaging and 
trading of particulate emission credits for diesel cycle heavy-duty 
engines are defined as follows:
    (1) Engines intended for use in urban buses constitute a separate 
averaging set from all other heavy-duty engines. Averaging and trading 
among all diesel cycle bus engine families is allowed.
    (2) For heavy-duty engines, exclusive of urban bus engines, each of 
the three primary intended service classes for heavy-duty diesel cycle 
engines, as defined in Sec. 86.090-2, constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading between diesel cycle engine families within the 
same primary service class is allowed.
    (3) Otto-cycle engines may not participate in particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking.
    (f) Banking of NOX and particulate emission credits:
    (1) Credit deposits. (i) Under this phase of the banking program, 
emission credits may be banked from engine families produced during the 
three model years prior to the effective model year of the new HDE 
NOX or particulate emission standard. Credits may not be 
banked from engine families made during any other model years.
    (ii) Manufacturers may bank credits only after the end of the model 
year and after EPA has reviewed their end-of-year report. During the 
model year and before submittal of the end-of-year report, credits 
originally designated in the certification process for banking will be 
considered reserved and may be redesignated for trading or averaging.
    (2) Credit withdrawals. (i) After being generated, banked/reserved 
credits shall be available for use three model years prior to, through 
three model years immediately after the effective date of the new HDE 
NOX or particulate emission standard, as applicable. However, 
credits not used within the period specified above shall be forfeited.
    (ii) Manufacturers withdrawing banked emission credits shall 
indicate so during certification and in their credit reports, as 
described in Sec. 86.091-23.
    (3) Use of banked emission credits. The use of banked credits shall 
be within the averaging set and other restrictions described in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, and only for the following 
purposes:
    (i) Banked credits may be used in averaging, trading, or in any 
combination thereof, during the certification period. Credits declared 
for banking from the previous model year but unreviewed by EPA may also 
be used. However, they may be revoked at a later time following EPA 
review of the end-of-year report or any subsequent audit actions.
    (ii) Banked credits may not be used for NOX or 
particulate averaging and trading to offset emissions that exceed an 
FEL. Banked credits may not be used to remedy an in-use nonconformity 
determined by a Selective Enforcement Audit or by recall testing. 
However, banked credits may be used for subsequent production of the 
engine family if the manufacturer elects to recertify to a higher FEL.
    (g)(1) For purposes of this paragraph (g), assume NOX and 
particulate nonconformance penalties (NCPs) will be available for the 
1991 and later model year HDEs.
    (2) Engine families paying an NCP for noncompliance of any emission 
standard may not:

[[Page 170]]

    (i) Participate in the averaging program,
    (ii) Generate emission credits for any pollutant under banking and 
trading, and
    (iii) Use emission credits for any pollutant from banking and 
trading.
    (3) If a manufacturer has any engine family to which application of 
NCPs and averaging, banking, and trading credits is desired, that family 
must be separated into two distinct families. One family, whose FEL 
equals the standard, must use NCPs only, while the other, whose FEL does 
not equal the standard, must use emission credits only.
    (4) If a manufacturer has any engine family in a given averaging set 
which is using NOX and/or particulate NCPs, none of that 
manufacturer's engine families in that averaging set may generate 
credits for banking and trading.
    (h) In the event of a negative credit balance in a trading 
situation, both the buyer and the seller would be liable.
    (i) Certification fuel used for credit generation must be of a type 
that is both available in use and expected to be used by the engine 
purchaser. Therefore, upon request by the Administrator, the engine 
manufacturer must provide information acceptable to the Administrator 
that the designated fuel is readily available commercially and would be 
used in customer service.

[59 FR 14106, Mar. 25, 1994]



Sec. 86.092-23  Required data.

    (a) The manufacturer shall perform the tests required by the 
applicable test procedures, and submit to the Administrator the 
following information: Provided, however, That if requested by the 
manufacturer, the Administrator may waive any requirement of this 
section for testing of vehicle (or engine) for which emission data are 
available or will be made available under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-
29.
    (b)(1)(i) Exhaust emission durability data on such light-duty 
vehicles tested in accordance with applicable test procedures and in 
such numbers as specified, which will show the performance of the 
systems installed on or incorporated in the vehicle for extended 
mileage, as well as a record of all pertinent maintenance performed on 
the test vehicles.
    (ii) Exhaust emission deterioration factors for light-duty trucks 
and heavy-duty engines, and all test data that are derived from the 
testing described under Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(iii)(A), as well as a 
record of all pertinent maintenance. Such testing shall be designed and 
conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to assure that 
the engines covered by a certificate issued under Sec. 86.091-30 will 
meet the emission standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) 
in Sec. 86.091-9, Sec. 86.091-10, or Sec. 86.091-11 as appropriate, in 
actual use for the useful life of the engine.
    (2) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, evaporative 
emission deterioration factors for each evaporative emission family-
evaporative emission control system combination and all test data that 
are derived from testing described under Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(i) 
designed and conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to 
assure that the vehicles covered by a certificate issued under 
Sec. 86.091-30 will meet the evaporative emission standards in 
Sec. 86.091-8 or Sec. 86.091-9, as appropriate, for the useful life of 
the vehicle.
    (3) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled engines, evaporative emission deterioration factors for 
each evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination identified in accordance with Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(ii). 
Furthermore, a statement that the test procedure(s) used to derive the 
deterioration factors includes, but need not be limited to, a 
consideration of the ambient effects of ozone and temperature 
fluctuations, and the service accumulation effects of vibration, time, 
and vapor saturation and purge cycling. The deterioration factor test 
procedure shall be designed and conducted in accordance with good 
engineering practice to assure that the vehicles covered by a 
certificate issued under Sec. 86.091-30 will meet the evaporative 
emission standards in Sec. 86.091-10 and Sec. 86.091-11 in actual use 
for the useful life of the engine. Furthermore, a statement that a 
description of the test procedure, as well as all data, analyses and 
evaluations, is available to the Administrator upon request.

[[Page 171]]

    (4)(i) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
up to 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
engines, a written statement to the Administrator certifying that the 
manufacturer's vehicles meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or 
Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator 
that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations, and other 
documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
greater than 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-
fueled engines, a written statement to the Administrator certifying that 
the manufacturer's evaporative emission control systems are designed, 
using good engineering practice, to meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 
or Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator 
that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations, and other 
documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (c) Emission data. (1) Emission data, including in the case of 
methanol fuel, methanol, formaldehyde and total hydrocarbon equivalent 
on such vehicles tested in accordance with applicable test procedures 
and in such numbers as specified. These data shall include zero-mile 
data, if generated and emission data generated for certification as 
required under Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(i) or Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(ii). In 
lieu of providing emission data on idle CO emissions, smoke emissions or 
particulate emissions from methanol-fueled diesel certification vehicles 
the Administrator may, on request of the manufacturer, allow the 
manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, 
development tests, or other information) that the engine will conform 
with the applicable emission standards of Sec. 86.090-8 or Sec. 86.090-
9.
    (2) Certification engines. Emission data on such engines tested in 
accordance with applicable emission test procedures of this subpart and 
in such numbers as specified. These data shall include zero-hour data, 
if generated, and emission data generated for certification as required 
under Sec. 86.090-26(c)(4). In lieu of providing emission data on idle 
CO emissions or particulate emissions from methanol-fueled diesel 
certification engines, or on CO emissions from petroleum-fueled or 
methanol-fueled diesel certification engines the Administrator may, on 
request of the manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to demonstrate (on 
the basis of previous emission tests, development tests, or other 
information) that the engine will conform with the applicable emission 
standards of Sec. 86.091-11.
    (d) A statement that the vehicles (or engines) for which 
certification is requested conform to the requirements in Sec. 86.084-
5(b), and that the descriptions of tests performed to ascertain 
compliance with the general standards in Sec. 86.084-5(b), and the data 
derived from such tests, are available to the Administrator upon 
request.
    (e)(1) A statement that the test vehicles (or test engines) with 
respect to which data are submitted to demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) of this 
subpart are in all material respects as described in the manufacturer's 
application for certification, have been tested in accordance with the 
applicable test procedures utilizing the fuels and equipment described 
in the application for certification and that on the basis of such tests 
the vehicles (or engines) conform to the requirements of this part. If 
such statements cannot be made with respect to any vehicle (or engine) 
tested, the vehicle (or engine) shall be identified, and all pertinent 
data relating thereto shall be supplied to the Administrator. If, on the 
basis of the data supplied and any additional data as required by the 
Administrator, the Administrator determines that the test vehicles (or 
test engine) was not as described in the application for certification 
or was not tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures 
utilizing the fuels and equipment as described in the application for 
certification, the Administrator may make

[[Page 172]]

the determination that the vehicle (or engine) does not meet the 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate). The 
provisions of Sec. 86.091-30(b) shall then be followed.
    (2) For evaporative emission durability, or light-duty truck or 
heavy-duty engine exhaust emission durability, a statement of compliance 
with paragraph (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section, as 
applicable.
    (f) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the particulate 
averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and diesel light-duty 
trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is requested will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
particulate standard(s) to be exceeded.
    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in one of the diesel particulate 
averaging programs, the number of vehicles produced in each engine 
family at each certified particulate FEL, along with the resulting 
production-weighted average particulate emission level.
    (g) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the NOX 
averaging program for light-duty trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is required will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
NOX standard(s) to be exceeded.
    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in the NOX averaging 
program, the number of vehicles produced in each engine family at each 
certified NOX emission level.
    (h) Additionally, manufacturers participating in any of the 
NOX and/or particulate averaging, trading, or banking 
programs for heavy-duty engines shall submit for each participating 
family:
    (1) In the application for certification:
    (i) A statement that the engines for which certification is 
requested will not, to the best of the manufacturer's belief, when 
included in any of the averaging, trading, or banking programs cause the 
applicable NOX or particulate standard(s) to be exceeded.
    (ii) The type (NOX or particulate) and the projected 
number of credits generated/needed for this family, the applicable 
averaging set, the projected U.S. (49-state) production volumes, by 
quarter, NCPs in use on a similar family and the values required to 
calculate credits as given in Sec. 86.091-15. Manufacturers shall also 
submit how and where credit surpluses are to be dispersed and how and 
through what means credit deficits are to be met, as explained in 
Sec. 86.091-15. The application must project that each engine family 
will be in compliance with the applicable NOX and/or 
particulate emission standards based on the engine mass emissions, and 
credits from averaging, trading and banking.
    (2) End-of-year reports for each engine family participating in any 
of the averaging, trading, or banking programs.
    (i) These reports shall be submitted within 90 days of the end of 
the model year to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division (EN-
6405J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., 
Washington, DC 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the engine family, the averaging 
set, the actual U.S. (49-state) production volume, the values required 
to calculate credits as given in Sec. 86.091-15, the resulting type 
(NOX or particulate) and number of credits generated/
required, and the NCPs in use on a similar NCP family. Manufacturers 
shall also submit how and where credit surpluses were dispersed (or are 
to be banked) and how and through what means credit deficits were met. 
Copies of contracts related to credit trading must also be included or 
supplied by the broker if applicable. The report shall also include a 
calculation of credit balances to show that net mass emissions balances 
are within those allowed by the emission standards (equal to or greater 
than a zero credit balance). The credit discount factor described in 
Sec. 86.091-15 must be included as required.

[[Page 173]]

    (iii) The 49-state production counts for end-of-year reports shall 
be based on the location of the first point of retail sale (e.g., 
customer, dealer, secondary manufacturer) by the manufacturer.
    (iv) Errors discovered by EPA or the manufacturer in the end-of-year 
report, including changes in the 49 state production counts, may be 
corrected up to 180 days subsequent to submission of the end-of-year 
report. Errors discovered by EPA after 180 days shall be corrected if 
credits are reduced. Errors in the manufacturer's favor will not be 
corrected if discovered after the 180 day correction period allowed.
    (i) Failure by a manufacturer participating in the averaging, 
trading, or banking programs to submit any quarterly or end-of-year 
report (as applicable) in the specified time for all vehicles and 
engines that are part of an averaging set is a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act for each such vehicle and engine.
    (j) Failure by a manufacturer generating credits for deposit only in 
either the HDE NOX or particulate banking programs to submit 
their end-of-year reports in the applicable specified time period (i.e., 
90 days after the end of the model year) shall result in the credits not 
being available for use until such reports are received and reviewed by 
EPA. Use of projected credits pending EPA review will not be permitted 
in these circumstances.
    (k) Engine families certified using NCPs are not required to meet 
the requirements outlined above.

[59 FR 14108, Mar. 25, 1994]



Sec. 86.092-24  Test vehicles and engines.

    (a)(1) The vehicles or engines covered by an application for 
certification will be divided into groupings of engines which are 
expected to have similar emission characteristics throughout their 
useful life. Each group of engines with similar emission characteristics 
shall be defined as a separate engine family.
    (2) To be classed in the same engine family, engines must be 
identical in all the following respects:
    (i) The cylinder bore center-to-center dimensions.
    (ii)-(iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) The cylinder block configuration (air cooled or water cooled; 
L-6, 90 deg. V-8, etc.).
    (v) The location of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (vi) The method of air aspiration.
    (vii) The combustion cycle.
    (viii) Catalytic converter characteristics.
    (ix) Thermal reactor characteristics.
    (x) Type of air inlet cooler (e.g., intercoolers and after-coolers) 
for diesel heavy-duty engines.
    (3)(i) Engines identical in all the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
families if the Administrator determines that they may be expected to 
have different emission characteristics. This determination will be 
based upon a consideration of the following features of each engine:
    (A) The bore and stroke.
    (B) The surface-to-volume ratio of the nominally dimensioned 
cylinder at the top dead center positions.
    (C) The intake manifold induction port size and configuration.
    (D) The exhaust manifold port size and configuration.
    (E) The intake and exhaust valve sizes.
    (F) The fuel system.
    (G) The camshaft timing and ignition or injection timing 
characteristics.
    (ii) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines produced in different 
model years and distinguishable in the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section shall be treated as belonging to a single engine 
family if the Administrator requires it, after determining that the 
engines may be expected to have similar emission deterioration 
characteristics.
    (4) Where engines are of a type which cannot be divided into engine 
families based upon the criteria listed in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) 
of this section, the Administrator will establish families for those 
engines based upon those features most related to their emission 
characteristics. Engines that are eligible to be included in the same 
engine family based on the criteria in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3)(i) 
of this section may be further divided into different engine families if 
the manufacturer determines that they may be expected to

[[Page 174]]

have different emission characteristics. This determination will be 
based upon a consideration of the following features of each engine:
    (i) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the 
center line of the camshaft.
    (ii) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the top 
of the cylinder block head face.
    (iii) The size of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (5) The gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks covered by an application for certification will be 
divided into groupings which are expected to have similar evaporative 
emission characteristics throughout their useful life. Each group of 
vehicles with similar evaporative emission characteristics shall be 
defined as a separate evaporative emission family.
    (6) For gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks to be classed in the same evaporative emission family, 
vehicles must be similar with respect to:
    (i) Type of vapor storage device (e.g., canister, air cleaner, 
crankcase).
    (ii) Basic canister design.
    (iii) Fuel system.
    (7) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into 
evaporative emission families based on the criteria listed above, the 
Administrator will establish families for those vehicles based upon the 
features most related to their evaporative emission characteristics.
    (8)(i) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the Alternative 
Durability Program, the engine families covered by an application for 
certification shall be grouped based upon similar engine design and 
emission control system characteristics. Each of these groups shall 
constitute a separate engine family group.
    (ii) To be classed in the same engine family group, engine families 
must contain engines identical in all of the following respects:
    (A) The combustion cycle.
    (B) The cylinder block configuration (air-cooled or water-cooled; L-
6, V-8, rotary, etc.).
    (C) Displacement (engines of different displacement within 50 cubic 
inches or 15 percent of the largest displacement and contained within a 
multi-displacement engine family will be included in the same engine 
family group).
    (D) Catalytic converter usage and basic type (non-catalyst, 
oxidation catalyst only, three-way catalyst equipped).
    (9) Engine families identical in all respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(8) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
family groups if the Administrator determines that they are expected to 
have significantly different exhaust emission control system 
deterioration characteristics.
    (10) A manufacturer may request the Administrator to include in an 
engine family group, engine families in addition to those grouped under 
the provisions of paragraph (a)(8) of this section. This request must be 
accompanied by information the manufacturer believes supports the 
inclusion of these additional engine families.
    (11) A manufacturer may combine into a single engine family group 
those light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck engine families which 
otherwise meet the requirements of paragraphs (a)(8) through (a)(10) of 
this section.
    (12) The vehicles covered by an application for certification 
equipped with gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty engines 
will be divided into groupings of vehicles on the basis of physical 
features which are expected to affect evaporative emissions. Each group 
of vehicles with similar features shall be defined as a separate 
evaporative emission family.
    (13) For gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles to 
be classified in the same evaporative emission family, vehicles must be 
identical with respect to:
    (i) Method of fuel/air metering (i.e., carburetion versus fuel 
injection).
    (ii) Carburetor bowl fuel volume, within a 10 cc range.
    (14) For vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines to be classified in the same evaporative emission 
control system, vehicles must be identical with respect to:
    (i) Method of vapor storage.
    (ii) Method of carburetor sealing.

[[Page 175]]

    (iii) Method of air cleaner sealing.
    (iv) Vapor storage working capacity, within a 20g range.
    (v) Number of storage devices.
    (vi) Method of purging stored vapors.
    (vii) Method of venting the carburetor during both engine off and 
engine operation.
    (viii) Liquid fuel hose material.
    (ix) Vapor storage material.
    (15) Where vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines are types which cannot be divided into evaporative 
emission family-control system combinations based on the criteria listed 
above, the Administrator will establish evaporative emission family-
control system combinations for those vehicles based on features most 
related to their evaporative emission characteristics.
    (16) No 1992 or later model year heavy-duty engine which is to be 
used to generate emission credits for 1992 and later banking, trading 
and averaging programs may also utilize nonconformance penalties (NCPs). 
Use of an NCP thus becomes an engine family criterion.
    (i) Use of either a NOX or a particulate matter NCP by an 
engine family precludes that family from generating either 
NOX or particulate matter emission credits.
    (ii) If a manufacturer desires to use both banked credits and NCPs 
on an engine family, two separate engine families must be established. 
One engine family must consist of engines certified for only credit use 
following the procedure specified in this subpart. The other engine 
family must be certified for only NCP use following the procedure as 
specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart L.
    (b) Emission data--(1) Emission-data vehicles. Paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section applies to light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck 
emission-data vehicles.
    (i) Vehicles will be chosen to be operated and tested for emission 
data based upon engine family groupings. Within each engine family, one 
test vehicle will be selected based on the following criteria: The 
Administrator shall select the vehicle with the heaviest equivalent test 
weight (including options) within the family. Then within that vehicle 
the Administrator shall select, in the order listed, the highest road-
load power, largest displacement, the transmission with the highest 
numerical final gear ratio (including overdrive), the highest numerical 
axle ratio offered in that engine family, and the maximum fuel flow 
calibration.
    (ii) The Administrator shall select one additional test vehicle from 
within each engine family. The vehicle selected shall be the vehicle 
expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those vehicles remaining in 
the engine family. If all vehicles within the engine family are similar 
the Administrator may waive the requirements of this paragraph.
    (iii) Within an engine family and exhaust emission control system, 
the manufacturer may alter any emission-data vehicle (or other vehicles 
such as including current or previous model year emission-data vehicles, 
fuel economy data vehicles, and development vehicles provided they meet 
emission-data vehicles' protocol) to represent more than one selection 
under paragraph (b)(1) (i), (ii), (iv), or (vii) of this section.
    (iv) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) 
(i) and (ii) of this section do not represent each engine-system 
combination, then one vehicle of each engine-system combination not 
represented will be selected by the Administrator. The vehicle selected 
shall be the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those 
vehicles remaining in the engine family.
    (v) For high-altitude exhaust emission compliance for each engine 
family, the manufacturer shall follow one of the following procedures:
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions from 
the nonexempt vehicles selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) 
(ii), (iii), and (iv) of this section or,
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) 
of this section, a manufacturer may provide a statement in its 
application for certification that, based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission testing as the 
manufacturer deems appropriate,

[[Page 176]]

    (1) That all light-duty vehicles not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) 
comply with the emission standards at high altitude; and
    (2) That light-duty trucks sold for principal use at designated 
high-altitude locations comply with the high-altitude emission 
requirements and that all light-duty trucks sold at low altitude, which 
are not exempt under Sec. 86.091-9(g)(2), are capable of being modified 
to meet high-altitude standards.
    (vi) If 90 percent or more of the engine family sales will be in 
California, a manufacturer may substitute emission-data vehicles 
selected by the California Air Resources Board criteria for the 
selections specified in paragraphs (b)(1) (i), (ii), and (iv) of this 
section.
    (vii)(A) Vehicles of each evaporative emission family will be 
divided into evaporative emission control systems.
    (B) The Administrator will select the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative emissions, from within each evaporative family 
to be certified, from among the vehicles represented by the exhaust 
emission-data selections for the engine family, unless evaporative 
testing has already been completed on the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative emissions for the evaporative family as part of 
another engine family's testing.
    (C) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) of this section do not represent each evaporative 
emission control system then the Administrator will select the highest 
expected evaporative emission vehicle from within the unrepresented 
evaporative system.
    (viii) For high-altitude evaporative emission compliance for each 
evaporative emission family, the manufacturer shall follow one of the 
following procedures:
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the one nonexempt vehicle previously selected under 
paragraphs (b)(1)(vii) (B) or (C) of this section which is expected to 
have the highest level of evaporative emissions when operated at high 
altitude or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph 
(b)(1)(viii)(A) of this section, a manufacturer may provide a statement 
in its application for certification that based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission testing as the 
manufacturer deems appropriate,
    (1) That all light-duty vehicles not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) 
comply with the emission standards at high altitude, and
    (2) That light-duty trucks sold for principal use at designated 
high-altitude locations comply with the high-altitude emission 
requirements and that all light-duty trucks sold at low-altitude, which 
are not exempt under Sec. 86.091-9(g)(2), are capable of being modified 
to meet high-altitude standards.
    (ix) Vehicles selected under paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) of this section 
may be used to satisfy the requirements of (b)(1)(viii)(A) of this 
section.
    (x) Light-duty trucks only: (A) The manufacturer may reconfigure any 
of the low-altitude emission-data vehicles to represent the vehicle 
configuration required to be tested at high altitude.
    (B) The manufacturer is not required to test the reconfigured 
vehicle at low altitude.
    (2) Otto-cycle heavy-duty emission-data engines. Paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section applies to Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines.
    (i)-(ii) [Reserved]
    (iii) The Administrator shall select a maximum of two engines within 
each engine family based upon features indicating that they may have the 
highest emission levels of the engines in the engine family as follows:
    (A) The Administrator shall select one emission-data engine first 
based on the largest displacement within the engine family. Then within 
the largest displacement the Administrator shall select, in the order 
listed, highest fuel flow at the speed of maximum rated torque, the 
engine with the most advanced spark timing, no EGR or lowest EGR flow, 
and no air pump or lowest actual flow air pump.
    (B) The Administrator shall select one additional engine, from 
within each engine family. The engine selected shall be the engine 
expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those engines remaining in 
the engine family. If all engines within the engine

[[Page 177]]

family are similar the Administrator may waive the requirements of this 
paragraph.
    (iv) If the engines selected in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) 
(ii) and (iii) of this section do not represent each engine 
displacement-exhaust emission control system combination, then one 
engine of each engine displacement-exhaust emission control system 
combination not represented shall be selected by the Administrator.
    (v) Within an engine family/displacement/control system combination, 
the manufacturer may alter any emission-data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission-data engines and 
development engines provided they meet the emission-data engines' 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (3) Diesel heavy-duty emission-data engines. Paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section applies to diesel heavy-duty emission-data vehicles.
    (i) Engines will be chosen to be run for emission data based upon 
engine family groupings. Within each engine family, the requirements of 
this paragraph must be met.
    (ii) Engines of each engine family will be divided into groups based 
upon their exhaust emission control systems. One engine of each system 
combination shall be run for smoke emission data and gaseous emission 
data. Either the complete gaseous emission test or the complete smoke 
test may be conducted first. Within each combination, the engine that 
features the highest fuel feed per stroke, primarily at the speed of 
maximum rated torque and secondarily at rated speed, will usually be 
selected. If there are military engines with higher fuel rates than 
other engines in the same engine system combinations, then one military 
engine shall also be selected. The engine with the highest fuel feed per 
stroke will usually be selected.
    (iii) The Administrator may select a maximum of one additional 
engine within each engine-system combination based upon features 
indicating that it may have the highest emission levels of the engines 
of that combination. In selecting this engine, the Administrator will 
consider such features as the injection system, fuel system, compression 
ratio, rated speed, rated horsepower, peak torque speed, and peak 
torque.
    (iv) Within an engine family control system combination, the 
manufacturer may alter any emission-data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission-data engines and 
development engines provided they meet the emission-data engines' 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraph 
(b)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this section.
    (c) Durability data--(1) Light-duty vehicle durability-data 
vehicles. Paragraph (c)(1) of this section applies to light-duty vehicle 
durability-data vehicles.
    (i) A durability-data vehicle will be selected by the Administrator 
to represent each engine-system combination. The vehicle selected shall 
be of the engine displacement with the largest projected sales volume of 
vehicles with that control-system combination in that engine family and 
will be designated by the Administration as to transmission type, fuel 
system, inertia weight class, and test weight.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to operate and test additional 
vehicles to represent any engine-system combination. The additional 
vehicles must be of the same engine displacement, transmission type, 
fuel system and inertia weight class as the vehicle selected for that 
engine-system combination in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) of this section. Notice of an intent to operate and test 
additional vehicles shall be given to the Administrator no later than 30 
days following notification of the test fleet selection.
    (2) Light-duty trucks. Paragraph (c)(2) of this section applies to 
vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components used to establish exhaust 
emission deterioration factors for light-duty trucks.
    (i) The manufacturer shall select the vehicles, engines, subsystems, 
or components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components are used, they shall be 
selected so that their emissions deterioration characteristics may be 
expected to represent

[[Page 178]]

those of in-use vehicles, based on good engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. Paragraph (c)(3) of this section applies to 
engines, subsystems, or components used to establish exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for heavy-duty engines.
    (i) The manufacturer shall select the engines, subsystems, or 
components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
engines, subsystems, or components are used, they shall be selected so 
that their emissions deterioration characteristics may be expected to 
represent those of in-use engines, based on good engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (d) For purposes of testing under Sec. 86.092-26 (a)(9) or (b)(11), 
the Administrator may require additional emission-data vehicles (or 
emission-data engines) and durability-data vehicles (light-duty vehicles 
only) identical in all material respects to vehicles (or engines) 
selected in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, 
Provided That the number of vehicles (or engines) selected shall not 
increase the size of either the emission-data fleet or the durability-
data fleet by more than 20 percent or one vehicle (or engine), whichever 
is greater.
    (e)(1) [Reserved]
    (2) Any manufacturer may request to certify engine families with 
combined total sales of fewer than 10,000 light-duty vehicles, light-
duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty engines utilizing the 
procedures contained in Sec. 86.092-14 of this subpart for emission-data 
vehicle selection and determination of deterioration factors. The 
deterioration factors shall be applied only to entire engine families.
    (f) In lieu of testing an emission-data or durability-data vehicle 
(or engine) selected under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, and 
submitting data therefore, a manufacturer may, with the prior written 
approval of the Administrator, submit exhaust emission data and/or fuel 
evaporative emission data, as applicable on a similar vehicle (or 
engine) for which certification has previously been obtained or for 
which all applicable data required under Sec. 86.091-23 has previously 
been submitted.
    (g)(1) This paragraph applies to light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks, but does not apply to the production vehicles selected under 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (2)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, may be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option), the full 
estimated weight of that item shall be included in the curb weight 
computation of each vehicle available with that item in that carline, 
within that engine-system combination.
    (ii) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of the carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option), no weight for 
that item will be added in computing the curb weight for any vehicle in 
that carline, within that engine-system combination, unless that item is 
standard equipment on the vehicle.
    (iii) In the case of mutually exclusive options, only the weight of 
the heavier option will be added in computing the curb weight.
    (iv) Optional equipment weighing less than three pounds per item 
need not be considered.
    (3)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that can 
reasonably be expected to influence emissions, then such items shall 
actually be installed (unless excluded under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of 
this section) on all emission-data and durability-data vehicles of that 
carline, within that engine-system combination, on which the items are 
intended to be offered in production. Items that can reasonably be 
expected to influence emissions are: air conditioning, power steering, 
power brakes, and other items determined by the Administrator.
    (ii) If the manufacturer determines by test data or engineering 
evaluation

[[Page 179]]

that the actual installation of the optional equipment required by 
paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this section does not affect the emissions or 
fuel economy values, the optional equipment need not be installed on the 
test vehicle.
    (iii) The weight of the options shall be included in the design curb 
weight and also be represented in the weight of the test vehicles.
    (iv) The engineering evaluation, including any test data, used to 
support the deletion of optional equipment from test vehicles, shall be 
maintained by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (4) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of a carline within 
an engine-system combination will be equipped with an item (whether that 
item is standard equipment or an option) that can reasonably be expected 
to influence emissions, that item shall not be installed on any 
emission-data vehicle or durability-data vehicle of that carline, within 
that engine-system combination, unless that item is standard equipment 
on that vehicle or specifically required by the Administrator.
    (h) Alternative Durability Program durability-data vehicles. This 
section applies to light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck durability-
data vehicles selected under the Alternative Durability Program 
described in Sec. 86.085-13.
    (1) To update the durability data to be used to determine a 
deterioration factor for each engine family group, the Administrator 
will select durability-data vehicles from the manufacturer's production 
line. Production vehicles will be selected from each model year's 
production for those vehicles certified using the Alternative Durability 
Program procedures.
    (i) The Administrator shall select the production durability-data 
vehicle designs from the designs that the manufacturer offers for sale. 
For each model year and for each engine family group, the Administrator 
may select production durability-data vehicle designs of equal number to 
the number of engine families within the engine family group, up to a 
maximum of three vehicles.
    (ii) The production durability-data vehicles representing the 
designs selected in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section will be randomly 
selected from the manufacturer's production. The Administrator will make 
these random selections unless the manufacturer (with prior approval of 
the Administrator) elects to make the random selections.
    (iii) The manufacturer may select additional production durability-
data vehicle designs from within the engine family group. The production 
durability-data vehicles representing these designs shall be randomly 
selected from the manufacturer's production in accordance with paragraph 
(h)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (iv) For each production durability-data vehicle selected under 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall provide to the 
Administrator (before the vehicle is tested or begins service 
accumulation) the vehicle identification number. Before the vehicle 
begins service accumulation the manufacturer shall also provide the 
Administrator with a description of the durability-data vehicle as 
specified by the Administrator.
    (v) In lieu of testing a production durability-data vehicle selected 
under paragraph (h)(1) of this section, and submitting data therefrom, a 
manufacturer may, with the prior written approval of the Administrator, 
submit exhaust emission data from a production vehicle of the same 
configuration for which all applicable data has previously been 
submitted.
    (2) If, within an existing engine family group, a manufacturer 
requests to certify vehicles of a new design, engine family, emission 
control system, or with any other durability-related design difference, 
the Administrator will determine if the existing engine family group 
deterioration factor is appropriate for the new design. If the 
Administrator cannot make this determination or deems the deterioration 
factor not appropriate, the Administrator shall select preproduction 
durability-data vehicles under the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section. If vehicles are then certified using the new design, the 
Administrator may select

[[Page 180]]

production vehicles with the new design under the provisions of 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section.
    (3) If a manufacturer requests to certify vehicles of a new design 
that the Administrator determines are a new engine family group, the 
Administrator shall select preproduction durability-data vehicles under 
the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section. If vehicles are then 
certified using the new design, the Administrator may select production 
vehicles of that design under the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this 
section.

[55 FR 7190, Feb. 28, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 30626, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.092-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.

    (a)(1) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles.
    (2) The procedure for mileage accumulation will be the Durability 
Driving Schedule as specified in appendix IV to this part. A modified 
procedure may also be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. 
Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, all vehicles will 
accumulate mileage at a measured curb weight which is within 100 pounds 
of the estimated curb weight. If the loaded vehicle weight is within 100 
pounds of being included in the next higher inertia weight class as 
specified in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to conduct the 
respect emission tests at higher loaded vehicle weight.
    (3) Emission-data vehicles. Unless otherwise provided for in 
Sec. 86.091-23(a), emission-data vehicles shall be operated and tested 
as follows:
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to 
accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family 
without making a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a 
minimum of 2,000 miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an 
engine family. All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, 
recorded, and reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to 
represent emission-data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) 
shall be equipped with an engine and emission control system that has 
accumulated the mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test 
vehicle. Fuel economy data generated from certification vehicles 
selected in accordance with Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) with engine-system 
combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 
miles) shall be factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006-87(c). Complete 
exhaust and evaporative (if required) emission tests shall be conducted 
for each emission-data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.092-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1)(v) or (viii) shall be conducted at the 
mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission testing under high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emissions tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), 
(iii), (iv), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile 
minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing under low-altitude conditions.
    (D) For each engine family, the manufacturer will either select one 
vehicle previously selected under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) (i) through (iv) 
to be tested under high-altitude conditions or provide a statement in 
accordance with Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1)(v). Vehicles shall meet emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions without manual 
adjustments or modifications. In addition, any emission control device 
used to conform with the emission standards under high-altitude 
conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher than 4,000 
feet above sea level.
    (4)(i) Durability data vehicles. (A) Unless otherwise provided for 
in Sec. 86.091-23(a), each durability-data vehicle shall be driven, with 
all emission control systems installed and operating, for

[[Page 181]]

50,000 miles or such lesser distance as the Administrator may agree to 
as meeting the objective of this procedure.
    (B) Complete exhaust emission tests shall be made at test point 
mileage intervals that the manufacturer determines.
    (C) At a minimum, two complete exhaust emission tests shall be made. 
The first test shall be made at a distance not greater than 6,250 miles. 
The last shall be made at 50,000 miles.
    (D) The mileage interval between test points must be of equal length 
except for the interval between zero miles and the first test, and any 
interval before or after testing conducted in conjunction with vehicle 
maintenance as specified in Sec. 86.090-25(g)(2).
    (ii) The manufacturer may, at its option, alter the durability-data 
vehicle at the selected test point to represent emission-data vehicle(s) 
within the same engine-system combination and perform emission tests on 
the altered vehicle. Upon completion of emission testing, the 
manufacturer may return the test vehicle to the durability-data vehicle 
configuration and continue mileage accumulation.
    (5)(i) All tests required by this subpart on emission-data vehicles 
shall be conducted at a mileage equal to or greater than the mileage the 
manufacturer determines under paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
    (ii) All tests required by this subpart on durability-data vehicles 
shall be conducted within 250 miles of each of the test points.
    (6)(i)(A) The manufacturer may conduct multiple tests at any test 
point at which the data are intended to be used in the deterioration 
factor. At each test point where multiple tests are conducted, the test 
results from all valid tests shall be averaged to determine the data 
point to be used in the deterioration factor calculation, except under 
paragraph (a)(6)(i)(B) of this section. The test results from emission 
tests performed before maintenance affecting emissions shall not be 
averaged with test results after the maintenance.
    (B) The manufacturer is not required to average multiple tests if 
the manufacturer conducts no more than three tests at each test point 
and if the number of tests at each test point is equal. All test points 
must be treated the same for all exhaust pollutants.
    (ii) The results of all emission testing shall be supplied to the 
Administrator. The manufacturer shall furnish to the Administrator 
explanation for voiding any test. The Administrator will determine if 
voiding the test was appropriate based upon the explanation given by the 
manufacturer for the voided test. Tests between test points may be 
conducted as required by the Administrator. Data from all tests 
(including voided tests) may be submitted weekly to the Administrator, 
but shall be air posted or delivered to the Administrator within 7 days 
after completion of the test. In addition, all test data shall be 
compiled and provided to the Administrator in accordance with 
Sec. 86.091-23. Where the Administrator conducts a test on a durability-
data vehicle at a prescribed test point, the results of that test will 
be used in the calculation of the deterioration factor.
    (iii) The results of all emission tests shall be rounded, using the 
``Rounding Off Method'' specified in ASTM E 29-67, to the number of 
places to the right of the decimal point indicated by expressing the 
applicable emission standard of this subpart to one additional 
significant figure.
    (7) Whenever a manufacturer intends to operate and test a vehicle 
which may be used for emission or durability data, the manufacturer 
shall retain in its records all information concerning all emissions 
tests and maintenance, including vehicle alterations to represent other 
vehicle selections. For emission-data vehicles, this information shall 
be submitted, including the vehicle description and specification 
information required by the Administrator, to the Administrator 
following the emission-data test. For durability-data vehicles, this 
information shall be submitted following the 5,000-mile test.
    (8) Once a manufacturer submits the information required in 
paragraphs (a)(7) of this section for a durability-data vehicle, the 
manufacturer shall continue to run the vehicle to 50,000 miles, and the 
data from the vehicle will be used in the calculations under

[[Page 182]]

Sec. 86.091-28. Discontinuation of a durability-data vehicle shall be 
allowed only with the consent of the Administrator.
    (9)(i) The Administrator may elect to operate and test any test 
vehicle during all or any part of the mileage accumulation and testing 
procedure. In such cases, the manufacturer shall provide the vehicle(s) 
to the Administrator with all information necessary to conduct this 
testing.
    (ii) The test procedures in Secs. 86.106 through 86.145 will be 
followed by the Administrator. The Administrator will test the vehicles 
at each test point. Maintenance may be performed by the manufacturer 
under such conditions as the Administrator may prescribe.
    (iii) The data developed by the Administrator for the engine-system 
combination shall be combined with any applicable data supplied by the 
manufacturer on other vehicles of that combination to determine the 
applicable deterioration factors for the combination. In the case of a 
significant discrepancy between data developed by the Administrator and 
that submitted by the manufacturer, the Administrator's data shall be 
used in the determination of deterioration factors.
    (10) Emission testing of any type with respect to any certification 
vehicle other than that specified in this part is not allowed except as 
such testing may be specifically authorized by the Administrator.
    (11) This section does not apply to testing conducted to meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.091-23(b)(2).
    (b)(1) Paragraph (b) of this section applies to light-duty trucks.
    (2) There are three types of mileage or service accumulation 
applicable to light-duty trucks:
    (i) Mileage or service accumulation on vehicles, engines, 
subsystems, or components selected by the manufacturer under 
Sec. 86.092-24(c)(2)(i). The manufacturer determines the form and extent 
of this mileage or service accumulation, consistent with good 
engineering practice, and describes it in the application for 
certification.
    (ii) Mileage accumulation of the duration selected by the 
manufacturer on emission-data vehicles selected under Sec. 86.092-
24(b)(1). The procedure for mileage accumulation will be the Durability 
Driving Schedule as specified in appendix IV to this part. A modified 
procedure may also be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. 
Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, all vehicles will 
accumulate mileage at a measured curb weight which is within 100 pounds 
of the estimated curb weight. If the loaded vehicle weight is within 100 
pounds of being included in the next higher inertia weight class as 
specified in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to conduct the 
respective emission tests at the test weight corresponding to the higher 
loaded vehicle weight.
    (iii) Service or mileage accumulation which may be part of the test 
procedures used by the manufacturer to establish evaporative emission 
deterioration factors.
    (3) Exhaust emission deterioration factors will be determined on the 
basis of the mileage or service accumulation described in paragraph 
(b)(2)(i) of this section and related testing, according to the 
manufacturer's procedures.
    (4) Each emission-data vehicle shall be operated and tested as 
follows:
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to 
accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family 
without making a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a 
minimum of 2,000 miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an 
engine family. All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, 
recorded, and reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to 
represent emission-data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) 
shall be equipped with an engine and emission control system that has 
accumulated the mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test 
vehicle. Fuel economy data generated from certification vehicles 
selected in accordance with Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) with engine-system 
combinations that have accumulated more than

[[Page 183]]

10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be factored in accordance with 
Sec. 600.006-87(c). Complete exhaust emission tests shall be conducted 
for each emission-data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.092-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.092-24 (b)(1)(v) or (b)(1)(viii) shall be conducted at the 
mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission testing or at 6,436 kilometers (4,000 miles) 
under high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
(iv)(A), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile 
minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under 
low-altitude conditions.
    (D) If the manufacturer recommends adjustments or modifications in 
order to conform to emission standards at high altitude, such 
adjustments or modifications shall be made to the test vehicle selected 
under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) (v) and (viii) (in accordance with the 
instructions to be provided to the ultimate purchaser) before being 
tested under high-altitude conditions.
    (ii) Diesel. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine 
family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized 
for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide 
to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in 
making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 
4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family without making 
a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a minimum of 2,000 
miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an engine family. 
All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, recorded, and 
reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to represent emission-
data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) shall be equipped 
with an engine and emission control system that has accumulated the 
mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test vehicle. Fuel 
economy data generated from certification vehicles selected in 
accordance with Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) with engine-system combinations 
that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be 
factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006-87(c). Complete exhaust 
emission tests shall be conducted for each emission-data vehicle 
selection under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1). The administrator may determine 
under Sec. 86.092-24(f) that no testing is required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.092-24 (b)(1)(v) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 
mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at the 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under 
high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission-data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.092-24 (b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
and (iv) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which 
the engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing or at 
the 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (D) If the manufacturer recommends adjustments or modifications in 
order to conform to emission standards at high altitude, such 
adjustments or modifications shall be made to the test vehicle selected 
under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(1) (v) and (viii) (in accordance with the 
instructions to be provided to the ultimate purchaser) before being 
tested under high-altitude conditions.
    (iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) All tests required by this subpart on emission-data vehicles 
shall be conducted at a mileage equal to or greater than the mileage the 
manufacturer determines under paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
    (c)(1) Paragraph (c) of this section applies to heavy-duty engines.
    (2) There are two types of service accumulation applicable to heavy-
duty engines:
    (i) Service accumulation on engines, subsystems, or components 
selected by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.092-24(c)(3)(i). The 
manufacturer determines the form and extent of this service 
accumulation, consistent with good

[[Page 184]]

engineering practice, and describes it in the application for 
certification.
    (ii) Dynamometer service accumulation on emission-data engines 
selected under Sec. 86.092-24 (b)(2) or (b)(3). The manufacturer 
determines the engine operating schedule to be used for dynamometer 
service accumulation, consistent with good engineering practice. A 
single engine operating schedule shall be used for all engines in an 
engine family-control system combination. Operating schedules may be 
different for different combinations.
    (3) Exhaust emission deterioration factors will be determined on the 
basis of the service accumulation described in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of 
this section and related testing, according to the manufacturer's 
procedures.
    (4) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine family, the 
number of hours at which the engine system combination is stabilized (no 
less than 62 hours for catalyst equipped) for emission-data testing. The 
manufacturer shall maintain, and provide to the Administrator if 
requested a record of the rationale used in making this determination. 
The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 125 hours on each test engine 
within an engine family without making a determination. Any engine used 
to represent emission-data engine selections under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(2) 
shall be equipped with an engine system combination that has accumulated 
at least the number of hours determined under this paragraph. Complete 
exhaust emission tests shall be conducted for each emission-data engine 
selection under Sec. 86.092-24(b)(2). Evaporative emission controls need 
not be connected provided normal operating conditions are maintained in 
the engine induction system. The Administrator may determine under 
Sec. 86.092-24(f) that no testing is required.
    (d)(1) Paragraph (d) of this section applies to both light-duty 
trucks and heavy-duty engines.
    (2)(i) The results of all emission testing shall be supplied to the 
Administrator. The manufacturer shall furnish to the Administrator 
explanation for voiding any test. The Administrator will determine if 
voiding the test was appropriate based upon the explanation given by the 
manufacturer for the voided test. Tests between test points may be 
conducted as required by the Administrator. Data from all tests 
(including voided tests) may be submitted weekly to the Administrator, 
but shall be air posted or delivered to the Administrator within 7 days 
after completion of the test. In addition, all test data shall be 
compiled and provided to the Administrator in accordance with 
Sec. 86.092-23. Where the Administrator conducts a test on a durability-
data vehicle at a prescribed test point, the results of that test will 
be used in the calculation of the deterioration factor.
    (ii) The results of all emission tests shall be recorded and 
reported to the Administrator. These test results shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67, to the number of decimal places contained 
in the applicable emission standard expressed to one additional 
significant figure.
    (3) Whenever a manufacturer intends to operate and test a vehicle 
(or engine) which may be used for emission data, the manufacturer shall 
retain in its records all information concerning all emissions tests and 
maintenance, including vehicle (or engine) alterations to represent 
other vehicle (or engine) selections. This information shall be 
submitted, including the vehicle (or engine) description and 
specification information required by the Administrator, to the 
Administrator following the emission-data test.
    (4)-(5) [Reserved]
    (6) Emission testing of any type with respect to any certification 
vehicle or engine other than that specified in this subpart is not 
allowed except as such testing may be specifically authorized by the 
Administrator.

[55 FR 7194, Feb. 28, 1990]



Sec. 86.092-35  Labeling.

    (a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) 
subject to the applicable emission standards (and family emission 
limits, as appropriate) of this subpart, shall, at the time of 
manufacture, affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in the 
manner described below, containing the information hereinafter provided, 
to all production models of such vehicles (or engines) available for 
sale to

[[Page 185]]

the public and covered by a certificate of conformity under Sec. 86.091-
30(a).
    (1) Light-duty vehicles. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be 
affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), engine family 
identification and evaporative family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacutrer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as applicable), including but not limited to 
idle speeds(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing and valve lash (as 
applicable), as well as other parameters deemed necessary by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tuneup and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to light-duty vehicles;
    (F) For vehicles which are part of the diesel particulate averaging 
program, the family particulate emission limit to which the vehicle is 
certified;
    (G) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at high altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.090-8(h):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only;
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude, and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude; and
    (H) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at low altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.090-8(i):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscore or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at high 
altitude only; and
    (2) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at low 
altitude.
    (I) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-
related components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate 
label for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is placed in a visible and accessible position as provided in 
this section.
    (J) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 must comply 
with the labeling requirements contained in Sec. 85.1510.
    (2) Light-duty truck and heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in 
accordance with the light-duty truck provisions. (i) A legible, 
permanent label shall be affixed in a readily visible position in the 
engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color

[[Page 186]]

that contrasts with the background of the label.
    (A) The label heading: Important Vehicle Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters) and engine 
family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), including but not limited 
to idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing, and valve lash (as 
applicable), as well as other parameters deemed necessary by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tuneup and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation. If adjustments or 
modifications to the vehicle are necessary to insure compliance with 
emission standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) at either 
high or low altitude, the manufacturer shall either include the 
instructions for such adjustments on the label, or indicate on the label 
where instructions for such adjustments may be found. The label shall 
indicate whether the engine tune-up or adjustment specifications are 
applicable to high altitude, low altitude, or both;
    (E)(1) Light-duty trucks. One of the prominent statements, as 
applicable:
    (i) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to the oxides of nitrogen 
standard of 1.12 grams per vehicle mile shall include the following 
statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 
19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (ii) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to the oxides of 
nitrogen standard of 1.7 grams per vehicle mile shall include the 
following statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations 
applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks with a curb weight 
greater than 3,450 pounds.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. ``This heavy-duty vehicle conforms to the 
U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year Light-Duty Trucks 
under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.092-1(b).''
    (F) If the manufacturer is provided an alternate useful life period 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-21(f), the prominent statement: 
``This vehicle has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards for a 
useful-life period of ______ years or ______ miles of operation, 
whichever occurs first. This vehicle's actual life may vary depending on 
its service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement 
only to express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than 
years or miles (e.g., hours, or miles only).
    (G) A statement, if applicable, that the adjustments or 
modifications indicated on the lable are necessary to ensure emission 
control compliance at the altitude specified.
    (H) A statement, if applicable, that the high-altitude vehicle was 
designated or modified for principal use at high altitude. This 
statement must be affixed by the manufacturer at the time of assembly or 
by any dealer who performs the high-altitude modification or adjustment 
prior to sale to an ultimate purchaser.
    (I) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
high-altitude emission standards, as specified in Sec. 86.091-9(g)(2).
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only.
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude, and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude:
    (J) For vehicles which are included in the diesel particulate 
averaging program, the family particulate emission limit to which the 
vehicle is certified.
    (K) For vehicles which are included in the light-duty truck 
NOX averaging program, the family NOX emissions 
limit to which the vehicle is certified.
    (L) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the

[[Page 187]]

vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-related 
components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate label 
for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is placed in a visible and accessible position as provided by 
this section.
    (M) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 must comply 
with the labeling requirements contained in Sec. 85.1510.
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. (i) A permanent legible label shall be 
affixed to the engine in a position in which it will be readily visible 
after installation in the vehicle.
    (ii) The label shall be attached to an engine part necessary for 
normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during 
engine life.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Important Engine Information.
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters) and engine 
family and model designations;
    (D) Date of engine manufacture (month and year). The manufacturer 
may, in lieu of including the date of manufacture on the engine label, 
maintain a record of the engine manufacture dates. The manufacturer 
shall provide the date of manufacture records to the Administrator upon 
request.
    (E) Engine specifications and adjustments as recommended by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tune-up and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (F) For Otto-cycle engines the label should include the idle speed, 
ignition timing, and the idle air-fuel mixture setting procedure and 
value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed drop), and valve 
lash;
    (G) For diesel engines the label should include the advertised hp at 
rpm, fuel rate at advertised hp in mm\3\/stroke, valve lash, initial 
injection timing, and idle speed;
    (H) The prominent statement: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year New Heavy-Duty Engines.''
    (I) If the manufacturer is provided with an alternate useful life 
period under the provisions of Sec. 86.901-21(f), the prominent 
statement: ``This engine has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards 
for a useful-life period of ______ miles or ______ hours of operation, 
whichever occurs first. This engine's actual life may vary depending on 
its service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement 
only to express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than 
miles or hours (e.g., years, or hours only).
    (J) For diesel engines. The prominent statement: ``This engine has a 
primary intended service application as a ______ heavy-duty engine.'' 
(The primary intended service applications are light, medium, and heavy, 
as defined in Sec. 86.902-2.)
    (K) For Otto-cycle engines. One of the following statements, as 
applicable:
    (1) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.091-10 (a)(1) (i) or (iii), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use in all heavy-duty vehicles.''
    (2) for gasoline-fueled engines certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3)(i), the statement: ``This engine is certified for 
use in all heavy-duty vehicles under the special provision of 40 CFR 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3)(i).''
    (3) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.091-10 (a)(1) (ii) or (iv), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use only in heavy-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle 
weight rating above 14,000 lbs.''
    (L) For all heavy-duty engines which are included in diesel heavy-
duty particulate trading, banking or averaging programs, the particulate 
family emission limit to which the engine is certified.
    (M) For all heavy-duty engines which are included in NOX 
trading, banking or averaging programs, the NOX family 
emission limit to which the engine is certified.
    (N) Engines granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 must comply 
with the

[[Page 188]]

labeling requirements contained in Sec. 85.1510.
    (iv) The label may be made up of one or more pieces: Provided, That 
all pieces are permanently attached to the same engine or vehicle part 
as applicable.
    (4)(i) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. A 
permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible position 
in the engine compartment. If such vehicles do not have an engine 
compartment, the label required in paragraphs (a)(4) and (g)(1) of this 
section shall be affixed in a readily visible position on the operator's 
enclosure or on the engine.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Evaporative family identification;
    (D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gallons) for which 
the evaporative control system is certified; and,
    (E) One of the following, as appropriate:
    (1) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (2) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (F) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 must comply 
with the labeling requirements contained in Sec. 85.1510.
    (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a manufacturer 
from also reciting on the label that such vehicle (or engine) conforms 
to any applicable state emission standards for new motor vehicles (or 
new motor vehicle engines) or any other information that such 
manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, the proper operation and 
satisfactory maintenance of the vehicle (or engine).
    (c)(1) The manufacturer of any light-duty vehicle or light-duty 
truck subject to the emission standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart shall, in addition and subsequent to 
setting forth those statements on the label required by the Department 
of Transportation (DOT) pursuant to 49 CFR 567.4, set forth on the DOT 
label or an additional label located in proximity to the DOT label and 
affixed as described in 40 CFR 567.4(b), the following information in 
the English language, lettered in block letters and numerals not less 
than three thirty-seconds of an inch high, of a color that contrasts 
with the background of the label:
    (i) The heading: ``Vehicle Emission Control Information.''
    (ii)(A) For light-duty vehicles, The statement: ``This Vehicle 
Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to 19____ Model Year New 
Motor Vehicles.''
    (B) For light-duty trucks, (1) The statement: ``This vehicle 
conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year New 
Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (2) If the manufacturer is provided an alternate useful life period 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-21(f), the prominent statement: 
``This vehicle has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards for a 
useful-life period of ____ years or ____ miles of operation, whichever 
occurs first. This vehicle's actual life may vary depending on its 
service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement only to 
express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than years or 
miles (e.g., hours, or miles only)
    (iii) One of the following statements, as applicable, in letters and 
numerals not less than six thirty-seconds of an inch high and of a color 
that contrasts with the background of the label:

[[Page 189]]

    (A) For all vehicles certified as noncatalyst-equipped: ``NON-
CATALYST''
    (B) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which approval 
has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST--APPROVED FOR IMPORT''
    (C) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are not 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which prior 
approval has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST''
    (2) In lieu of selecting either of the labeling options of paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may add the information 
required by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section to the label required 
by paragraph (a) of this section. The required information will be set 
forth in the manner prescribed by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks or incomplete heavy-duty vehicles 
optionally certified in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions 
shall have one of the following prominent statements, as applicable, 
printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section in 
lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(2)(iii)(E) of this 
section.
    (1) Light-duty trucks. (i) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to 
the oxides of nitrogen standard of 1.2 grams per vehicle mile shall 
include the following statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks when 
it does not exceed ____ pounds in curb weight, ____ pounds in gross 
vehicle weight rating, and ____ square feet in frontal area.''
    (ii) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to the oxides of 
nitrogen standards of 1.7 grams per vehicle mile shall include the 
following statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations 
applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks when it is between 
3,450 pounds and ______ pounds in curb weight and it does not exceed 
______ pounds in gross vehicle weight rating nor ______ square feet in 
frontal area.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. ``This heavy-duty vehicle conforms to the 
U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year Light-Duty Trucks 
under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.085-1(b) when it does not 
exceed ______ pounds in curb weight, ______ pounds in gross vehicle 
weight rating, and ______ square feet in frontal area.''
    (e) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles having a gross vehicle weight 
rating of 8,500 pounds or less shall have one of the following 
statements printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section in lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(H) of 
this section: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable 
to 19____ Model Year Heavy-Duty Engines when installed in a vehicle 
completed at a curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds or with a frontal 
area of greater than 45 square feet.''
    (f) The manufacturer of any incomplete light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck shall notify the purchaser of such vehicle of any curb 
weight, frontal area, or gross vehicle weight rating limitations 
affecting the emission certificate applicable to that vehicle. This 
notification shall be transmitted in a manner consistent with National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety notification requirements 
published in 49 CFR part 568.
    (g)(1)(i) Incomplete gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have 
the following prominent statement printed on the label required in 
paragraph (a)(4) of this section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has 
determined that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable 
to 19____ Model Year New Gasoline-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when 
completed with a nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed ______ 
gallons. Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the above 
maximum must submit a written statement to the Administrator that the 
hydrocarbon storage system has been upgraded according to the 
requirements of 40 CFR 86.092-35(g)(2).''
    (ii) Incomplete methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have the 
following prominent statement printed on the label required in paragraph 
(a)(4) of this section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has determined 
that this

[[Page 190]]

vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year 
New Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when completed with a nominal 
fuel tank capacity not to exceed ______ gallons. Persons wishing to add 
fuel tank capacity beyond the above maximum must submit a written 
statement to the Administrator that the hydrocarbon storage system has 
been upgraded according to the requirements of 40 CFR 86.091-35(g)(2).''
    (2) Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the maximum 
specified on the label required in paragraph (g)(1) of this section 
shall:
    (i) Increase the amount of fuel tank vapor storage material 
according to the following function:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.009

Where:
Capf = final amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, 
grams.
Capi = initial amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, 
grams.
T. Vol. = total fuel tank volume of completed vehicle, gallons.
Max. Vol. = maximum fuel tank volume as specified on the label required 
in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, gallons.

    (ii) Use, if applicable, hosing for fuel vapor routing which is at 
least as impermeable to hydrocarbon vapors as that used by the primary 
manufacturer.
    (iii) Use vapor storage material with the same absorptive 
characteristics as that used by the primary manufacturer.
    (iv) Connect, if applicable, any new hydrocarbon storage device to 
the existing hydrocarbon storage device in series such that the original 
hydrocarbon storage device is situated between the fuel tank and the new 
hydrocarbon storage device. The original hydrocarbon storage device 
shall be sealed such that vapors cannot reach the atmosphere. The 
elevation of the original hydrocarbon storage device shall be equal to 
or lower than the new hydrocarbon storage device.
    (v) Submit a written statement to the Administrator that paragraphs 
(g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(iv) of this section have been complied with.
    (3) If applicable, the Administrator will send a return letter 
verifying the receipt of the written statement required in paragraph 
(g)(2)(v) of this section.
    (h)(1) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty vehicles and engines for 
which nonconformance penalties are to be paid in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1113-87(b) shall have the following information printed on the 
label required in paragraph (a) of this section. The manufacturer shall 
begin labeling production engines or vehicles within 10 days after the 
completion of the PCA.
    (i) The statement: ``The manufacturer of this engine/vehicle will 
pay a nonconformance penalty to be allowed to introduce it into commerce 
at an emission level higher than the applicable emission standard. The 
compliance level (or new emission standard) for this engine/vehicle is 
______.'' (The manufacturer shall insert the applicable pollutant and 
compliance level calculated in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(a).)
    (2) If a manufacturer introduces an engine or vehicle into commerce 
prior to the compliance level determination of Sec. 86.1112-87(a), it 
shall provide the engine or vehicle owner with a label as described 
above to be affixed in a location in proximity to the label required in 
paragraph (a) of this section within 30 days of the completion of the 
PCA.

[55 FR 7197, Feb. 28, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 30627, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.093-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.092-2 continue to apply. The definitions 
listed in this section apply beginning with the 1993 model year.
    Bus means a heavy heavy-duty diesel-powered passenger-carrying 
vehicle with a load capacity of fifteen or more passengers that is 
centrally fueled, and all urban buses. This definition only applies in 
the context of Secs. 86.093-11 and 86.093-35.
    Centrally fueled bus means a bus that is refueled at least 75 
percent of the time at one refueling facility that is owned, operated, 
or controlled by the bus operator.
    Urban bus means a passenger-carrying vehicle powered by a heavy 
heavy-duty diesel engine, or of a type

[[Page 191]]

normally powered by a heavy heavy-duty diesel engine, with a load 
capacity of fifteen or more passengers and intended primarily for 
intracity operation, i.e., within the confines of a city or greater 
metropolitan area. Urban bus operation is characterized by short rides 
and frequent stops. To facilitate this type of operation, more than one 
set of quick-operating entrance and exit doors would normally be 
installed. Since fares are usually paid in cash or tokens, rather than 
purchased in advance in the form of tickets, urban buses would normally 
have equipment installed for collection of fares. Urban buses are also 
typically characterized by the absence of equipment and facilities for 
long distance travel, e.g., rest rooms, large luggage compartments, and 
facilities for stowing carry-on luggage. The useful life for urban buses 
is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel 
engines.

[58 FR 15795, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.093-11  Emission standards for 1993 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 1993 and later model year diesel 
heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following:
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled diesel engines). 1.3 grams 
per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under 
transient operating conditions.
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. (A) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-fueled 
diesel only).
    (iii) Oxides of nitrogen. (A) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(1.9 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the NOX 
averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.091-15. If the manufacturer elects 
to include engine families in any of the programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (2.2 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (iv) Particulate. (A) For diesel engines to be used in buses, 0.10 
grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured 
under transient operating conditions.
    (B) For all other diesel engines only, 0.25 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the 
restrictions described in Sec. 86.094.15. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the particulate FEL 
may not exceed:
    (1) 0.25 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule) 
for diesel engines intended for use in urban buses.
    (2) 0.60 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.22 gram per megajoule) 
for diesel engines not intended for use in urban buses.
    (3) The ceiling values in paragraphs (a)(1)(iv)(C) (1) and (2) of 
this section apply whether credits for the family are derived from 
averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over operating schedules as set forth in 
paragraph (f)(2) of appendix I of this part, and measured and calculated 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart N of this part, 
except as noted in Sec. 86.091-23(c)(2) (i) and (ii).
    (b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 1993 and later model 
year diesel heavy-duty engines shall not exceed:
    (i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.

[[Page 192]]

    (iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set 
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus 
methanol) for 1993 and later model year heavy-duty vehicles equipped 
with methanol-fueled diesel engines shall not exceed:
    (i) For vehicles with Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs., 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs., 4.0 grams per test.
    (4)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emission collected under the 
conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs., the standard set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this 
section refers to the manufacturers' engineering design evaluation using 
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1993 or later model year methanol-fueled diesel, 
or any naturally-aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum 
fueled engines only, this provision does not apply to engines using 
turbocharters, pumps, blowers or superchargers for air induction.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standard prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) and (d) of this section.

[56 FR 64711, Dec. 12, 1991, as amended at 58 FR 15795, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.093-35  Labeling.

    (a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) 
subject to the applicable emission standards (and family emission 
limits, as appropriate) of this subpart, shall, at the time of 
manufacture, affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in the 
manner described in this section, containing the information hereinafter 
provided, to all production models of such vehicles (or engines) 
available for sale to the public and covered by a certificate of 
conformity under Sec. 86.091-30(a). Where blanks appear in this section, 
manufacturers are required to fill in the appropriate information in the 
blanks.
    (1) Light-duty vehicles. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be 
affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), engine family 
identification and evaporative family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as applicable), including but not limited to 
idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedures and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection

[[Page 193]]

timing and valve lash (as applicable), as well as other parameters 
deemed necessary by the manufacturer. These specifications should 
indicate the proper transmission position during tuneup and what 
accessories (e.g., air conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to light-duty vehicles;
    (F) For vehicles which are part of the diesel particulate averaging 
program, the family particulate emission limit to which the vehicle is 
certified;
    (G) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at high altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.090-8(h):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only;
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude; and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude;
    (H) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at low altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.090-8(i):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at high 
altitude only; and
    (2) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at low 
altitude;
    (I) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-
related components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate 
label for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is placed in a visible and accessible position as provided in 
this section; and
    (J) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 must comply 
with the labeling requirements contained in Sec. 85.1510.
    (2) Light-duty truck and heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in 
accordance with the light-duty truck provisions. (i) A legible, 
permanent label shall be affixed in a readily visible position in the 
engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label.
    (A) The label heading: Important Vehicle Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters) and engine 
family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), including but not limited 
to idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing, and valve lash (as 
applicable), as well as other parameters deemed necessary by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tuneup and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation. If adjustments or 
modifications to the vehicle are necessary to insure compliance with 
emission standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) at either 
high or low altitude, the manufacturer shall either include the 
instructions for such adjustments on the label, or indicate on the label 
where instructions for such adjustments may be found. The label shall 
indicate whether the engine tune-up or adjustment specifications are 
applicable to high altitude, low altitude, or both;

[[Page 194]]

    (E)(1) Light-duty trucks. One of the prominent statements, as 
applicable:
    (i) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to the oxides of nitrogen 
standard of 1.12 grams per vehicle mile shall include the following 
statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 
19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (ii) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to the oxides of 
nitrogen standard of 1.7 grams per vehicle mile shall include the 
following statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations 
applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks with a curb weight 
greater than 3,450 pounds.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. ``This heavy-duty vehicle conforms to U.S. 
EPA regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks 
under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.092-1(b).'';
    (F) If the manufacturer is provided an alternate useful life period 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-21(f), the prominent statement: 
``This vehicle has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards for a 
useful-life period of ____ years or ______ miles of operation, whichever 
occurs first. This vehicle's actual life may vary depending on its 
service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement only to 
express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than years or 
miles (e.g., hours, or miles only);
    (G) A statement, if applicable, that the adjustments or 
modifications indicated on the label are necessary to ensure emission 
control compliance at the altitude specified;
    (H) A statement, if applicable, that the high-altitude vehicle was 
designated or modified for principal use at high altitude. This 
statement must be affixed by the manufacturer at the time of assembly or 
by any dealer who performs the high-altitude modification or adjustment 
prior to sale to an ultimate purchaser;
    (I) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
high-altitude emission standards, as specified in Sec. 86.091-9(g)(2).
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only;
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude; and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude;
    (J) For vehicles which are included in the diesel particulate 
averaging program, the family particulate emission limit to which the 
vehicle is certified;
    (K) For vehicles which are included in the light-duty truck 
NOX averaging program, the family NOX emissions 
limit to which the vehicle is certified;
    (L) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-
related components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate 
label for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is placed in a visible and accessible position as provided by 
this section;
    (M) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. (i) A permanent legible label shall be 
affixed to the engine in a position in which it will be readily visible 
after installation in the vehicle.
    (ii) The label shall be attached to an engine part necessary for 
normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during 
engine life.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Important Engine Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters) and engine 
family and model designations;
    (D) Date of engine manufacture (month and year). The manufacturer 
may, in lieu of including the date of

[[Page 195]]

manufacture on the engine label, maintain a record of the engine 
manufacture dates. The manufacturer shall provide the date of 
manufacture records to the Administrator upon request;
    (E) Engine specifications and adjustments as recommended by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tune-up and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (F) For Otto-cycle engines the label should include the idle speed, 
ignition timing, and the idle air-fuel mixture setting procedure and 
value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed drop), and value 
lash;
    (G) For diesel engines the label should include the advertised hp at 
rpm, fuel rate at advertised hp in mm\3\/stroke, valve lash, initial 
injection timing, and idle speed;
    (H) The prominent statement: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19-- Model Year New Heavy-Duty Engines.'';
    (I) If the manufacturer is provided with an alternate useful life 
period under the provisions of Sec. 86.901-21(f), the prominent 
statement: ``This engine has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards 
for a useful-life period of ______ miles or ______ hours of operation, 
whichever occurs first. This engine's actual life may vary depending on 
its service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement 
only to express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than 
miles or hours (e.g., years, or hours only);
    (J) For diesel engines. The prominent statement: ``This engine has a 
primary intended service application as a ______ heavy-duty engine.'' 
(The primary intended service applications are light, medium, and heavy, 
as defined in Sec. 86.902-2.);
    (K) For Otto-cycle engines. One of the following statements, as 
applicable:
    (1) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.09--10(a)(1) (i) or (iii), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use in all heavy-duty vehicles.'';
    (2) For gasoline-fueled engines certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3)(i), the statement: ``This engine is certified for 
use in all heavy-duty vehicles under the special provision of 40 CFR 
86.091-10(a)(3)(i).'';
    (3) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(1) (ii) or (iv), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use only in heavy-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle 
weight rating above 14,000 lbs.'';
    (L) For all heavy-duty engines which are included in diesel heavy-
duty particulate trading, banking or averaging programs, the particulate 
family emission limit to which the engine is certified;
    (M) For all heavy-duty engines which are included in NOX 
trading, banking or averaging programs, the NOX family 
emission limit to which the engine is certified;
    (N) Engines granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 must comply 
with the labeling requirements contained in Sec. 85.1510; and
    (O) For diesel engines which have been certified to comply with the 
particulate standard of 40 CFR 86.093-11(a)(1)(iv)(A), the statement 
``This engine is certified for use in a bus as defined at 40 CFR 86.093-
2.'' Unless waived by the Administrator on the basis of impracticality, 
for diesel engines not certified to comply with the particulate standard 
40 CFR 86.093-11(a)(1)(iv)(A), the statement ``This engine is not 
certified for use in a bus as defined at 40 CFR 86.093-2. Sales of this 
engine for use in a bus is a violation of Federal law under the Clean 
Air Act.''
    (iv) The label may be made up of one or more pieces: Provided, That 
all pieces are permanently attached to the same engine or vehicle part 
as applicable.
    (4) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. (i) A 
permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible position 
in the engine compartment. If such vehicles do not have an engine 
compartment, the label required in paragraphs (a)(4) and (g)(1) of this 
section shall be affixed in a readily visible position on the operator's 
enclosure or on the engine.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying

[[Page 196]]

or defacing the label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment 
which is easily detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Evaporative family identification;
    (D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gallons) for which 
the evaporative control system is certified; and
    (E) One of the following, as appropriate:
    (1) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations (40 CFR part 
86) which apply to gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles;
    (2) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations (40 CFR part 
86) which apply to methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles;
    (F) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a manufacturer 
from also reciting on the label that such vehicle (or engine) conforms 
to any applicable state emission standards for new motor vehicles (or 
new motor vehicle engines) or any other information that such 
manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, the proper operation and 
satisfactory maintenance of the vehicle (or engine).
    (c)(1) The manufacturer of any light-duty vehicle or light-duty 
truck subject to the emission standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart shall, in addition and subsequent to 
setting forth those statements on the label required by the Department 
of Transportation (DOT) pursuant to 49 CFR 567.4, set forth on the DOT 
label or an additional label located in proximity to the DOT label and 
affixed as described in 40 CFR 567.4(b), the following information in 
the English language, lettered in block letters and numerals not less 
than three thirty-seconds of an inch high, of a color that contrasts 
with the background of the label:
    (i) The heading: ``Vehicle Emission Control Information.''
    (ii)(A) For light-duty vehicles, The statement: ``This Vehicle 
Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to 19____ Model Year New 
Motor Vehicles.''
    (B) For light-duty trucks:
    (1) The statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations 
applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (2) If the manufacturer is provided an alternate useful life period 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-21(f), the prominent statement: 
``This vehicle has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards for a 
useful-life period of ____ years or ______ miles of operation, whichever 
occurs first. This vehicle's actual life may vary depending on its 
service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement only to 
express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than years or 
miles (e.g., hours, or miles only).
    (iii) One of the following statements, as applicable, in letters and 
numerals not less than six thirty-seconds of an inch high and of a color 
that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) For all vehicles certified as noncatalyst-equipped: ``Non-
Catalyst''.
    (B) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which approval 
has been given by the Administrator: ``Catalyst--Approved for Import''.
    (C) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are not 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which prior 
approval has been given by the Administrator: ``Catalyst''.
    (2) In lieu of selecting either of the labeling options of paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may add the information 
required by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section to the label required 
by paragraph (a) of this section. The required information will be set

[[Page 197]]

forth in the manner prescribed by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks or incomplete heavy-duty vehicles 
optionally certified in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions 
shall have one of the following prominent statements, as applicable, 
printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section in 
lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(2)(iii)(E) of this 
section.
    (1) Light-duty trucks. (i) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to 
the oxides of nitrogen standard of 1.2 grams per vehicle mile shall 
include the following statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks when 
it does not exceed ____ pounds in curb weight, ____ pounds in gross 
vehicle weight rating, and ____ square feet in frontal area.''
    (ii) Labels for light-duty trucks certified to the oxides of 
nitrogen standards of 1.7 grams per vehicle mile shall include the 
following statement: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations 
applicable to 19____ Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks when it is between 
3,450 pounds and ____ pounds in curb weight and it does not exceed ____ 
pounds in gross vehicle weight rating nor ____ square feet in frontal 
area.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. ``This heavy-duty vehicle conforms to the 
U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19____ Model Year Light-Duty Trucks 
under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.085-1(b) when it does not 
exceed ____ pounds in curb weight, ____ pounds in gross vehicle weight 
rating, and ____ square feet in frontal area.''
    (e) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles having a gross vehicle weight 
rating of 8,500 pounds or less shall have one of the following 
statements printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section in lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(H) of 
this section: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable 
to 19____ Model Year Heavy-Duty Engines when installed in a vehicle 
completed at a curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds or with a frontal 
area of greater than 45 square feet.''
    (f) The manufacturer of any incomplete light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck shall notify the purchaser of such vehicle of any curb 
weight, frontal area, or gross vehicle weight rating limitations 
affecting the emission certificate applicable to that vehicle. This 
notification shall be transmitted in a manner consistent with National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety notification requirements 
published in 49 CFR part 568.
    (g)(1)(i) Incomplete gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have 
the following prominent statement printed on the label required in 
paragraph (a)(4) of this section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has 
determined that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable 
to 19____ Model Year New Gasoline-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when 
completed with a nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed ______ 
gallons. Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the above 
maximum must submit a written statement to the Administrator that the 
hydrocarbon storage system has been upgraded according to the 
requirements of 40 CFR 86.092-35(g)(2).''
    (ii) Incomplete methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have the 
following prominent statement printed on the label required in paragraph 
(a)(4) of this section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has determined 
that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19____ 
Model Year New Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when completed with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed ______ gallons. Persons wishing 
to add fuel tank capacity beyond the above maximum must submit a written 
statement to the Administrator that the hydrocarbon storage system has 
been upgraded according to the requirements of 40 CFR 86.091-35(g)(2).''
    (2) Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the maximum 
specified on the label required in paragraph (g)(1) of this section 
shall:
    (i) Increase the amount of fuel tank vapor storage material 
according to the following function:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.010


[[Page 198]]


Where:

Capf=final amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, grams.
Capi=initial amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, grams.
T. Vol.=total fuel tank volume of completed vehicle, gallons.
Max. Vol.=maximum fuel tank volume as specified on the label required in 
paragraph (g)(1) of this section, gallons.

    (ii) Use, if applicable, hosing for fuel vapor routing which is at 
least as impermeable to hydrocarbon vapors as that used by the primary 
manufacturer.
    (iii) Use vapor storage material with the same absorptive 
characteristics as that used by the primary manufacturer.
    (iv) Connect, if applicable, any new hydrocarbon storage device to 
the existing hydrocarbon storage device in series such that the original 
hydrocarbon storage device is situated between the fuel tank and the new 
hydrocarbon storage device. The original hydrocarbon storage device 
shall be sealed such that vapors cannot reach the atmosphere. The 
elevation of the original hydrocarbon storage device shall be equal to 
or lower than the new hydrocarbon storage device.
    (v) Submit a written statement to the Administrator that paragraphs 
(g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(iv) of this section have been complied with.
    (3) If applicable, the Administrator will send a return letter 
verifying the receipt of the written statement required in paragraph 
(g)(2)(v) of this section.
    (h)(1) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty vehicles and engines for 
which nonconformance penalties are to be paid in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1113-87(b) shall have the following information printed on the 
label required in paragraph (a) of this section. The manufacturer shall 
begin labeling production engines or vehicles within 10 days after the 
completion of the PCA.
    (i) The statement: ``The manufacturer of this engine/vehicle will 
pay a nonconformance penalty to be allowed to introduce it into commerce 
at an emission level higher than the applicable emission standard. The 
compliance level (or new emission standard) for this engine/vehicle is 
______.'' (The manufacturer shall insert the applicable pollutant and 
compliance level calculated in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(a).)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (2) If a manufacturer introduces an engine or vehicle into commerce 
prior to the compliance level determination of Sec. 86.1112-87(a), it 
shall provide the engine or vehicle owner with a label as described in 
paragraph (h) of this section to be affixed in a location in proximity 
to the label required in paragraph (a) of this section within 30 days of 
the completion of the PCA.

[58 FR 15795, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.094-1  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart generally apply to 1994 and later 
model year new Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles, 1994 and 
later model year new Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle light-duty trucks, and 
1994 and later model year new Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle heavy-duty 
engines. In cases where a provision applies only to a certain vehicle 
group based on its model year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, 
or other distinguishing characteristics, the limited applicability is 
cited in the appropriate section or paragraph.
    (b) Optional applicability. A manufacturer may request to certify 
any heavy-duty vehicle of 10,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight Rating or 
less in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions. Heavy-duty 
engine or vehicle provisions do not apply to such a vehicle.
    (c)-(d) [Reserved]
    (e) Small volume manufacturers. Special certification procedures are 
available for any manufacturer whose projected combined U.S. sales of 
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-
duty engines in its product line (including all vehicles and engines 
imported under the provisions of Secs. 85.1505 and 85.1509 of this 
chapter are fewer than 10,000 units for the model year in which the 
manufacturer seeks certification. To certify its product line under 
these optional procedures, the small-volume manufacturer must first 
obtain the Administrator's approval. The manufacturer must meet the 
eligibility criteria

[[Page 199]]

specified in Sec. 86.092-14(b) before the Administrator's approval will 
be granted. The small-volume manufacturer's certification procedures are 
described in Sec. 86.092-14.
    (f) Optional procedures for determining exhaust opacity. (1) The 
provisions of subpart I of this part apply to tests which are performed 
by the Administrator, and optionally, by the manufacturer.
    (2) Measurement procedures, other than that described in subpart I 
of this part, may be used by the manufacturer provided the manufacturer 
satisfies the requirements of Sec. 86.091-23(f).
    (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use an alternative measurement 
procedure it has the responsibility to determine whether the results 
obtained by the procedure will correlate with the results which would be 
obtained from the measurement procedure in subpart I of this part. 
Consequently, the Administrator will not routinely approve or disapprove 
any alternative opacity measurement procedure or any associated 
correlation data which the manufacturer elects to use to satisfy the 
data requirements for subpart I of this part.
    (4) If a confirmatory test(s) is performed and the results indicate 
there is a systematic problem suggesting that the data generated under 
an optional alternative measurement procedure do not adequately 
correlate with data obtained in accordance with the procedures described 
in subpart I of this part, EPA may require that all certificates of 
conformity not already issued be based on data obtained from procedures 
described in subpart I of this part.

[58 FR 4002, Jan. 12, 1993]



Sec. 86.094-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.093-2 remain effective. The definitions 
listed in this section are effective beginning with the 1994 model year.
    Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of 
vehicle curb weight and GVWR.
    Bi-directional control means the capability of a diagnostic tool to 
send messages on the data bus that temporarily overrides the module's 
control over a sensor or actuator and gives control to the diagnostic 
tool operator. Bi-directional controls do not create permanent changes 
to engine or component calibrations.
    Data stream information means information (i.e., messages and 
parameters) originated within the vehicle by a module or intelligent 
sensors (i.e., a sensor that contains and is controlled by its own 
module) and transmitted between a network of modules and/or intelligent 
sensors connected in parallel with either one or two communication 
wires. The information is broadcast over the communication wires for use 
by other modules (e.g., chassis, transmission, etc.) to conduct normal 
vehicle operation or for use by diagnostic tools. Data stream 
information does not include engine calibration related information.
    Defeat device means an auxilary emission control device (AECD) that 
reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under 
conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal 
vehicle operation and use, unless:
    (1) Such conditions are substantially included in the Federal 
emission test procedure;
    (2) The need for the AECD is justified in terms of protecting the 
vehicle against damage or accident; or
    (3) The AECD does not go beyond the requirements of engine starting.
    Durability useful life means the highest useful life mileage out of 
the set of all useful life mileages that apply to a given vehicle. The 
durability useful life determines the duration of service accumulation 
on a durability data vehicle. The determination of durability useful 
life shall reflect any alternative useful life mileages approved by the 
Administrator under Sec. 86.094-21(f). The determination of durability 
useful life shall exclude any standard and related useful life mileage 
for which the manufacturer has obtained a waiver of emission data 
submission requirements under Sec. 86.094-23(c)
    Element of design means any control system (i.e., computer software, 
electronic control system, emission control system, computer logic), 
and/or control system calibrations, and/or the results

[[Page 200]]

of systems interaction, and/or hardware items on a motor vehicle or 
motor vehicle engine.
    Engine warm-up cycle means sufficient vehicle operation such that 
the coolant temperature has risen by at least 40  deg.F from engine 
starting and reaches a minimum temperature of 160  deg.F.
    Enhanced service and repair information means information which is 
specific for an original equipment manufacturer's brand of tools and 
equipment.
    Equivalent test weight means the weight, within an inertia weight 
class, which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle and which 
is based on its loaded vehicle weight or adjusted loaded vehicle weight 
in accordance with the provisions of subparts A and B of this part.
    Gaseous fuel means natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas.
    Generic service and repair information means information which is 
not specific for an original equipment manufacturer's brand of tools and 
equipment.
    Heavy light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated greater than 
6000 lbs GVWR.
    Indirect information means any information that is not specifically 
contained in the service literature, but is contained in items such as 
tools or equipment provided to franchised dealers (or others).
    Intermediary means any individual or entity, other than an original 
equipment manufacturer, which provides service or equipment to 
automotive technicians.
    Intermediate Temperature Cold Testing means testing done pursuant to 
the driving cycle and testing conditions contained in 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart C, at temperatures between 25  deg.F (-4  deg.C) and 68  deg.F 
(20  deg.C).
    Light-duty truck 1 means any light light-duty truck up through 3750 
lbs loaded vehicle weight.
    Light-duty truck 2 means any light light-duty truck greater than 
3750 lbs loaded vehicle weight.
    Light-duty truck 3 means any heavy light-duty truck up through 5750 
lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight.
    Light-duty truck 4 means any heavy light-duty truck greater than 
5750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight.
    Light light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated up through 
6000 lbs GVWR.
    Liquefied petroleum gas means a liquid hydrocarbon fuel that is 
stored under pressure and is composed primarily of species that are 
gases at atmospheric conditions (temperature = 25  deg.C and pressure = 
1 atm), excluding natural gas.
    Multi-fuel means capable of operating on two or more different fuel 
types, either separately or simultaneously.
    Natural gas means a fuel whose primary constituent is methane.
    Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass 
emissions of non-oxygenated non-methane hydrocarbons, methanol, 
formaldehyde, or other organic compounds that are separately measured, 
expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle hydrocarbons. In the case of 
exhaust emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent 
hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. In the case of diurnal and hot soak emissions, 
the hydrogen-to-carbon ratios of the equivalent hydrocarbons are 2.33:1 
and 2.2:1, respectively.
    Petroleum fuel means liquid fuels normally derived from crude oil, 
excluding liquefied petroleum gas. Gasoline and diesel fuel are 
petroleum fuels.
    Test weight basis means the basis on which equivalent test weight is 
determined in accordance with Sec. 86.129-94 of subpart B of this part.
    Useful life means:
    (a) For light-duty vehicles, and for model year 1994 and later light 
light-duty trucks not subject to the Tier 0 standards of paragraph (a) 
of Sec. 86.094-9, intermediate useful life and/or full useful life. 
Intermediate useful life is a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, 
whichever occurs first. Full useful life is a period of use of 10 years 
or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first, except as otherwise noted in 
Sec. 86.094-9.
    (b) For light light-duty trucks subject to the Tier 0 standards of 
paragraph (a) of Sec. 86.094-9, and for heavy light-duty truck engine 
families, intermediate and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life 
is a period of use of

[[Page 201]]

5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full useful life is a 
period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (c) For an Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine family, a period of use of 8 
years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (d) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family:
    (1) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, period of use of 8 years or 
110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (2) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years 
or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (3) For heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years or 
290,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except as provided in paragraph 
(d)(4) of this definition.
    (4) for heavy heavy-duty diesel engines used in urban buses, for the 
particulate standard, a period of use of 10 years or 290,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.
    (e) As an option for both light-duty trucks under certain conditions 
and heavy-duty engine families, an alternative useful life period 
assigned by the Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (f) of 
Sec. 86.094-21.
    (f) The useful-life period for purposes of the emissions defect 
warranty and emissions performance warranty shall be a period of 5 
years/50,000 miles, whichever first occurs, for light-duty trucks, Otto-
cycle heavy-duty engines and light heavy-duty diesel engines. For all 
other heavy-duty diesel engines the aforementioned period is 5 years/
100,000 miles, whichever first occurs. However, in no case may this 
period be less than the manufacturer's basic mechanical warranty period 
for the engine family.

[56 FR 25739, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31897, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 4002, Jan. 12, 1993; 58 FR 9485, Feb. 19, 1993; 58 FR 15799, Mar. 24, 
1993; 59 FR 48494, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995; 60 FR 
40496, Aug. 9, 1995]



Sec. 86.094-3  Abbreviations.

    (a) The abbreviations in Sec. 86.090-3 remain effective. The 
abbreviations in this section apply beginning with the 1994 model year.
    (b) The abbreviations in this section apply to this subpart, and 
also to subparts B, E, F, H, M, N and P of this part, and have the 
following meanings:

ALVW--Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight
LPG--Liquefied Petroleum Gas
NMHC--Nonmethane Hydrocarbons
NMHCE--Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent
PM--Particulate Matter
THC--Total Hydrocarbons

[56 FR 25740, June 5, 1991, as amended at 58 FR 33208, June 16, 1993; 59 
FR 48494, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.094-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

    Section 86.094-7 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.091-7. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.091-7 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.094-7, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.091-7 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) Introductory text through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.091-7.
    (a)(3) All records, other than routine emission test records, 
required to be maintained under this subpart shall be retained by the 
manufacturer for a period of eight (8) years after issuance of all 
certificates of conformity to which they relate. Routine emission test 
records shall be retained by the manufacturer for a period of one (1) 
year after issuance of all certificates of conformity to which they 
relate. Records may be retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, 
punch cards, etc., depending on the record retention procedures of the 
manufacturer, provided, that in every case all the information contained 
in the hard copy shall be retained.
    (b) Through (c)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (c)(3) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) shall retain all records required to be maintained under 
this section for a period of eight (8) years from the due date for the 
end-of-model year averaging, trading, and banking reports. Records may 
be retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, ADP files, etc., 
depending on the manufacturer's record retention procedure, provided

[[Page 202]]

that in every case all the information contained in the hard copy is 
retained.
    (c)(4) Through (d)(1)(v) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (d)(1)(vi) Any facility where any record or other document relating 
to the information specified in paragraph (h) of this section is 
located.
    (2) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (d)(1) 
of this section, any EPA Enforcement Officer or any EPA authorized 
representative shall be allowed:
    (i) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of such procedures, 
activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, 
monitoring vehicle (or engine) preconditioning, emissions tests and 
mileage (or service) accumulation, maintenance, and vehicle soak and 
storage procedures (or engine storage procedures), and to verify 
correlation or calibration of test equipment;
    (ii) To inspect and make copies of any such records, designs, or 
other documents, including those records specified in Sec. 86.091-7(c); 
and
    (iii) To inspect and make copies of any such records, designs or 
other documents including those records specified in paragraph (h) of 
this section; and
    (iv) To inspect and/or photograph any part or aspect of any such 
certification vehicle (or certification engine) and any components to be 
used in the construction thereof.
    (d)(3)-(g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (h)(1) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) of any model year 1994 through 1997 light-duty vehicle or 
light light-duty truck or model year 1994 through 1998 heavy light-duty 
truck that is certified shall establish, maintain, and retain the 
following adequately organized and indexed records for each such 
vehicle:
    (i) EPA engine family;
    (ii) Vehicle identification number;
    (iii) Model year and production date;
    (iv) Shipment date;
    (v) Purchaser; and
    (vi) Purchase contract.
    (2) In addition, the manufacturer (or contractor for the 
manufacturer, if applicable) of each certified engine family shall 
establish, maintain, and retain adequately organized records of the 
actual U.S. sales volume for the model year for each engine family. The 
manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual volume 
produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales. Such 
petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year 
to the Manufacturer Operations Division. For the petition to be granted, 
the manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator 
that actual production volume is functionally equivalent to actual sales 
volume.
    (3) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) shall retain all records required to be maintained under 
this section for a period of eight (8) years from the due date for the 
applicable end-of-model year report. Records may be retained as hard 
copy or reduced to microfilm, ADP film, etc., depending on the 
manufacturer's record retention procedure, provided that in every case 
all the information contained in the hard copy is retained.
    (4) Nothing in this section limits the Administrator's discretion in 
requiring the manufacturer to retain additional records or submit 
information not specifically required by this section.
    (5) Pursuant to a request made by the Administrator, the 
manufacturer shall submit to him the information that is required to be 
retained.
    (6) Voiding a certificate. (i) EPA may void ab initio a certificate 
for a vehicle certified to Tier 0 certification standards for which the 
manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or to 
provide such information to the Administrator upon request.
    (ii) EPA may void ab initio a certificate for a 1994 or 1995 model 
year light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck that is not certified in 
compliance with the cold temperature CO standard for which the 
manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or to 
provide such information to the Administrator upon request.
    (iii) Any voiding ab initio of a certificate under Sec. 86.094-7(c) 
and paragraph (h) of this section will be made only after the 
manufacturer concerned has been offered an opportunity for a hearing 
conducted in accordance with

[[Page 203]]

Sec. 86.614 for light-duty vehicles or under Sec. 86.1014 for light-duty 
trucks and heavy-duty engines.
    (i) Any voiding ab initio of a certificate under Sec. 86.091-7 (c) 
and paragraph (h) of this section will be made only after the 
manufacturer concerned has been offered an opportunity for a hearing 
conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.614 for light-duty vehicles or 
under Sec. 86.1014 for light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines.

[56 FR 25740, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31897, July 17, 1992]



Sec. 86.094-8  Emission standards for 1994 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    Section 86.094-8 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.090-8. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.090-8 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.094-8, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.090-8.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.090-8 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1) Standards. (i) Exhaust emissions from 1994 and later model 
year vehicles (optional for 1994 through 1996 model year gaseous-fueled 
vehicles) shall meet all standards in tables A94-2, A94-3, A94-5 and 
A94-6 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel type, according to 
the implementation schedule in tables A94-1 and A94-4, as follows:
    (A)(1)(i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A94-1 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-2 and 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-3. The 
remaining vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in 
table A94-2.
    (ii) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in table A94-1 of 
a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's light-
duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the 
applicable Tier 1 standards. Under this option, the light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-2 and 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-3. 
Further, the light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the applicable 
Tier 1 standards in table A94-8 of Sec. 86.094-9 and shall not exceed 
the applicable Tier 1 standards of table A94-9 of Sec. 86.094-9. The 
remaining percentage of the manufacturer's combined sales of the 
applicable model year's light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
shall not exceed the corresponding Tier 0 standards.
    (2) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A94-4 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-5 and 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-6. The 
remaining vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in 
table A94-5.

Table A94-1--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO
                                 and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................           40
1995.......................................................           80
After 1995.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


       Table A94-2--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Fuel                  Standards       THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO        NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................  Tier 0........       0.41  .........  .........  .........        3.4        1.0
Gasoline......................  Tier 1........       0.41       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4
Diesel........................  Tier 0........       0.41  .........  .........  .........        3.4        1.0
Diesel........................  Tier 1........       0.41       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        1.0
Methanol......................  Tier 0........  .........  .........       0.41  .........        3.4        1.0
Methanol......................  Tier 1........  .........  .........       0.41       0.25        3.4        0.4
Natural Gas...................  Tier 0........  .........       0.34  .........  .........        3.4        1.0

[[Page 204]]

 
Natural Gas...................  Tier 1........  .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4
LPG...........................  Tier 0........       0.41  .........  .........  .........        3.4        1.0
LPG...........................  Tier 1........       0.41       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


           Table A94-3--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Fuel                 Standards       THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO         NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.....................  Tier 0........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  ..........
Gasoline.....................  Tier 1........  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6
Diesel.......................  Tier 0........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  ..........
Diesel.......................  Tier 1........  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        1.25
Methanol.....................  Tier 0........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  ..........
Methanol.....................  Tier 1........  .........  .........  .........       0.31        4.2        0.6
Natural Gas..................  Tier 0........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  ..........
Natural Gas..................  Tier 1........  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6
LPG..........................  Tier 0........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  ..........
LPG..........................  Tier 1........  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


   Table A94-4--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................           40
1995.......................................................           80
After 1995.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table A94-5--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty
                             Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fuel                         Standards         PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...................................  Tier 0..........  .........
Gasoline...................................  Tier 1..........       0.08
Diesel.....................................  Tier 0..........       0.20
Diesel.....................................  Tier 1..........       0.08
Methanol...................................  Tier 0..........   \1\ 0.20
Methanol...................................  Tier 1..........       0.08
Natural Gas................................  Tier 0..........   \1\ 0.20
Natural Gas................................  Tier 1..........       0.08
LPG........................................  Tier 0..........   \1\ 0.20
LPG........................................  Tier 1..........       0.08
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.


 Table A94-6--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles
                                 for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fuel                         Standards         PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...................................  Tier 0..........  .........
Gasoline...................................  Tier 1..........       0.10
Diesel.....................................  Tier 0..........  .........
Diesel.....................................  Tier 1..........       0.10
Methanol...................................  Tier 0..........  .........
Methanol...................................  Tier 1..........       0.10
Natural Gas................................  Tier 0..........  .........
Natural Gas................................  Tier 1..........       0.10
LPG........................................  Tier 0..........  .........
LPG........................................  Tier 1..........       0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (B)(1)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining 
compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section shall be based on 
total actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of the applicable model 
year by a manufacturer

[[Page 205]]

to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any other entity 
which comprises the point of first sale. If the option of paragraph 
(a)(1)(i)(A)(1)(ii) of this section is taken, such sales percentages 
shall be based on the total actual combined U.S. sales of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks of the applicable model year by a 
manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any 
other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of tables A94-1 and A94-4 of this section. Such 
petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year 
to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the petition to be 
granted, the manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that actual production volume is functionally equivalent 
to actual sales volume.
    (iii) The manufacturer may count toward the sales percentages light-
duty vehicles of the applicable model year that meet certain standards 
for that same model year contained in Title 13, California Code of 
Regulations, Section 1960.1, and the incorporated ``California Exhaust 
Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 and Subsequent Model 
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.'' (Copies 
may be obtained from Barclays Law Publishers, P.O. Box 3066, San 
Francisco, CA 94080.) The relevant standards from that source are those 
that are designated as phase-in standards for selected pollutants and 
were first applied in the 1993 model year, as well as those for all 
remaining pollutants that require compliance at the one hundred percent 
level. If this option is taken, all light-duty vehicles sold in 
jurisdictions adopting such standards shall be counted toward the total 
upon which the sales percentage is based. If this option is not taken, 
light-duty vehicles sold in such jurisdictions are to be excluded from 
counting toward either the total upon which the sales percentage is 
based or the sales percentage itself.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14 (b)(1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of tables A94-1 
and A94-4 of this section for model years 1994 and 1995. For small 
volume manufacturers, Tier 0 standards of tables A94-2 and A94-5 
continue to apply until model year 1996 when one hundred percent 
compliance with the Tier 1 standards of tables A94-2, A94-3, A94-5, and 
A94-6 is required. This exemption does not apply to small volume engine 
families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14 (b)(5).
    (2)(i) Where the required implementation schedule sales percentages 
for in-use purposes, as prescribed in subpart H of this part, are the 
same in a given model year as the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages for certification purposes, as prescribed in this section, 
the same engine families must comprise the respective percentages.
    (ii) Where the required implementation schedule sales percentages 
for in-use purposes differ from implementation schedule sales 
percentages for certification purposes in a particular model year, the 
manufacturer must designate, at the time of Application for 
Certification, which families will meet each applicable in-use phase-in 
percentage.
    (3) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for certification purposes.
    (4) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full 
useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to include all or some of its diesel-
cycle light-duty vehicle engine families subject to the Tier 0 standards 
in the appropriate particulate averaging program (petroleum or 
methanol), provided that vehicles produced for sale in

[[Page 206]]

California or in designated high-altitude areas may be averaged only 
within each of these areas. Averaging is not permitted between fuel 
types. If the manufacturer elects to average light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks together in the appropriate particulate averaging 
program, its composite particulate standard applies to the combined set 
of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks included in the average and 
is calculated as defined in Sec. 86.090-2.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as set forth in 
subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in accordance with 
those procedures. The test weight basis for light-duty vehicles, for the 
purposes of determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in 
Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle weight.
    (b) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1994 and later model year light-
duty vehicles shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is 
optional for 1994 model year methanol-fueled engines):
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled vehicles). 2.0 grams per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 2.0 
grams carbon per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refers to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1994 and later model year Otto-cycle, or methanol-or 
gaseous-fueled diesel light-duty vehicle. This requirement is optional 
for 1994 through 1996 model year gaseous-fueled light-duty vehicles.
    (d)-(f) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.090-8.
    (g) Any 1994 and later model year light-duty vehicle that a 
manufacturer wishes to certify for sale shall meet the emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions as specified in 
Sec. 86.082-2, except as provided in paragraphs (h) and (i) of this 
section. Vehicles shall meet emission standards under both low- and 
high-altitude conditions without manual adjustments or modifications. 
Any emission control device used to meet emission standards under high-
altitude conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher 
than 4,000 feet above sea level.
    (h) The manufacturer may exempt 1994 and later model year vehicles 
from compliance at high altitude with the emission standards set forth 
in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the vehicles are not 
intended for sale at high altitude and if the requirements of paragraphs 
(h) (1) and (2) of this section are met.
    (1) A vehicle configuration shall only be considered eligible for 
exemption under paragraph (h) of this section if the requirements of 
either paragraph (h)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section are 
met.
    (i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and 
engine speed-to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted 
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is 
determined according to the following procedure:
    (A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data 
of all vehicle configurations it will offer for the model year in 
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine 
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the equivalent 
vehicle test weight expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate 
shall be N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions 
per minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At 
the manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N/V. The gear selection must be the same for all N/V data 
points on the manufacturer's graph. For each transmission/axle ratio 
combination, only the lowest N/V value shall be used in the graphical 
display.
    (B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(D/W) 
-0.9, where the constant, C, is determined by the requirement 
that all the vehicle data points either fall on the line or lie

[[Page 207]]

to the upper right of the line as displayed on the graphs.
    (C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(0.84 
D/W) -0.9, where the constant, C, is the same as that found 
in paragraph (h)(1)(i)(B) of this section.
    (D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which 
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on 
the graph.
    (ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range 
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is 
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in 
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section 
and by using the product line N/V = C(hp/W) -0.9.
    (A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of 
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349, June 1990, Engine Power Test 
Code--Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition--Net Power Rating. This 
incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal 
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies 
may be obtained from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA, 15096-0001. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 
401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC, 20460, or at the Office of the 
Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, 
DC. Any of the horsepower determinants within that test procedure may be 
used, as long as it is used consistently throughout the manufacturer's 
product line in any model year.
    (B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this 
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle configurations as 
set forth in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to 
accelerate from 0 miles per hour to a speed not less than 40 miles per 
hour and not greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude 
conditions is greater than the largest acceleration time under low-
altitude conditions for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure 
to be followed in making this determination is:
    (A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle configuration and 
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle 
configuration which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude 
conditions of all the vehicle configurations it will offer for the model 
year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description of 
the methodology used to make this determination.
    (B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle configurations and 
acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those vehicle 
configurations which have higher acceleration times under high-altitude 
conditions than the highest acceleration time at low altitude identified 
in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.
    (iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraphs 
(h)(1)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section, its acceleration time can be 
estimated based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in 
accordance with good engineering practice, to meet the exemption 
criteria of paragraph (h)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (2) A vehicle shall only be considered eligible for exemption under 
this paragraph (h) if at least one configuration of its model type (and 
transmission configuration in the case of vehicles equipped with manual 
transmissions, excluding differences due to the presence of overdrive) 
is certified to meet emission standards under high-altitude conditions 
as specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) and (g) of this section. The 
Certificate of Conformity (the Certificate) covering any exempted 
configuration(s) will also apply to the corresponding non-exempt 
configuration(s) required under this paragraph (h)(2). As a condition to 
the exemption, any suspension, revocation, voiding, or withdrawal of the 
Certificate as it applies to a non-exempt configuration for any reason 
will result in a suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding exempted configuration(s) of that model type, unless there 
is at least one other corresponding non-exempt configuration of the same 
model type still covered by the Certificate. The suspension of the 
Certificate

[[Page 208]]

as it applies to the exempted configuration(s) will be terminated when 
any one of the following occurs:
    (i) Another corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) receive(s) 
coverage under the Certificate; or
    (ii) Suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) is terminated; or
    (iii) The Agency's action(s), with respect to suspension, 
revocation, voiding, or withdrawal of the Certificate as it applies to 
the corresponding non-exempt configuration(s), is reversed.
    (3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph (h) 
of this section will be considered a violation of section 203(a)(1) of 
the Clean Air Act.
    (i)(1) The manufacturers may exempt 1994 and later model year 
vehicles from compliance at low altitude with the emission standards set 
forth in paragraph (a) of this section and Sec. 86.090-8 (b) if the 
vehicles:
    (i) Are not intended for sale at low altitude; and
    (ii) Are equipped with a unique, high-altitude axle ratio (rear-
wheel drive vehicles) or a unique, high-altitude drivetrain (front-wheel 
drive vehicles) with a higher N/V ratio than other configurations of 
that model type which are certified in compliance with the emission 
standards of paragraph (a) of this section and Sec. 86.090-8 (b) under 
low-altitude conditions.
    (2) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at low altitude that has 
been exempted as set forth in paragraph (i)(1) of this section will be 
considered a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.
    (j) Any exempted light-duty vehicle that a manufacturer wishes to 
certify for sale under the provisions of Sec. 86.090-8 (h) or paragraph 
(i) of this section is subject to the provisions of subpart Q of this 
part.
    (k) Cold Temperature Carbon Monoxide (CO) Standards. (1) For 
gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles, a minimum of the percentage shown 
in table A94-16 of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's 
light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable cold temperature CO 
standard of 10.0 grams per mile for an intermediate useful life of 
50,000 miles, as measured and calculated under the provisions set forth 
in subpart C of this part. This standard applies under both low and high 
altitude conditions. At the manufacturer's option, the manufacturer may 
combine the sales of gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles and gasoline-
fueled light-duty trucks in determining compliance with the required 
1994 and 1995 model year phase-in percentages as included in table A94-
16.
    (2)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining compliance 
with paragraph (k)(1) of this section shall be based on total actual 
and, at the manufacturer's option, combined U.S. sales of light-duty 
vehicles, light light-duty trucks, and heavy light-duty trucks of the 
applicable model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sales to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of table A94-16. Such petition shall be submitted 
within 30 days of the end of the model year the Manufacturers Operations 
Division. For the petition to be granted, the manufacturer must 
establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator that actual 
production volume is functionally equivalent to actual sales volume.
    (iii) The manufacturer may count towards the sales percentages those 
light-duty vehicles, light light-duty trucks, and heavy light-duty 
trucks of the applicable model year sold in the state of California or 
in jurisdictions which have adopted the California emission standards 
under section 177 of the Clean Air Act if those light-duty vehicles, 
light light-duty trucks, and heavy light-duty trucks certified have been 
to meet the federally mandated cold CO standards. If this option is 
taken, all light-duty vehicles, light light-duty trucks, and heavy 
light-duty trucks sold in California and such jurisdictions shall be 
counted toward the total upon which the sales percentage is based. If 
this option is not taken, light-duty vehicles, light light-duty trucks, 
and heavy light-duty trucks

[[Page 209]]

sold in California or such jurisdictions are to be excluded from 
counting toward either the total upon which the sales percentage is 
based or the sales percentage itself.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of table A94-16 
for model years 1994 and 1995. This exemption does not apply to small 
volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (v) The manufacturer must state at the time of applying for the 
Certificate, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which engine families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages.

[56 FR 25740, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31898, July 17, 1992; 59 
FR 48494, Sept. 21, 1994; 62 FR 47120, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.094-9  Emission standards for 1994 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    (a)(1) Standards--(i) Light light-duty trucks. Exhaust emission from 
1994 and later model year light light-duty trucks shall meet all 
standards in Tables A94-8, A94-9, A94-11 and A94-12 in the rows 
designated with the applicable fuel type and loaded vehicle weight, 
according to the implementation schedule in Tables A94-7 and A94-10 as 
follows (optional for 1994 through 1996 model year gaseous-fueled light 
light-duty trucks):
    (A)(1)(i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A94-7 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-8 
and shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-9. The 
remaining vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in 
table A94-9.
    (ii) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in table A94-7 of 
a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's light-
duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the 
applicable Tier 1 standards. Under this option, the light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-2 of 
Sec. 86.094-8 and shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in 
table A94-3 of Sec. 86.094-8. Further, the light light-duty trucks shall 
not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-8 and shall not 
exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards of table A94-9. The remaining 
percentage of the manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model 
year's light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks shall not exceed 
the corresponding Tier 0 standards.
    (2) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A94-10 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-11 
and shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-12. 
The remaining vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards 
in table A94-12.

  Table A94-7--Implementation Schedule for Light Light-Duty Trucks for
                            HCs, CO, and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................           40
1995.......................................................           80
After 1995.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                         Table A94-8--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fuel                       LVW (lbs)            Standards              THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...................................  0-3750        Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Gasoline...................................  0-3750        Tier 1.....................  .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4
Gasoline...................................  3751-5750     Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Gasoline...................................  3751-5750     Tier 1.....................  .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7
Diesel.....................................  0-3750        Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Diesel.....................................  0-3750        Tier 1.....................  .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        1.0
Diesel.....................................  3751-5750     Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Diesel.....................................  3751-5750     Tier 1.....................  .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4  .........

[[Page 210]]

 
Methanol...................................  0-3750        Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Methanol...................................  0-3750        Tier 1.....................  .........  .........  .........       0.25        3.4        0.4
Methanol...................................  3751-5750     Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Methanol...................................  3751-5750     Tier 1.....................  .........  .........  .........       0.32        4.4        0.7
Natural Gas................................  0-3750        Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Natural Gas................................  0-3750        Tier 1.....................  .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4
Natural Gas................................  3751-5750     Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
Natural Gas................................  3751-5750     Tier 1.....................  .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7
LPG........................................  0-3750        Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
LPG........................................  0-3750        Tier 1.....................  .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4
LPG........................................  3751-5750     Tier 0.....................  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........
LPG........................................  3751-5750     Tier 1.....................  .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                             Table A94-9--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Fuel                         LVW (lbs)            Standards             THC1       NMHC      THCE1      NMHCE       CO        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................................  0-3750        Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10         1.2
Gasoline......................................  0-3750        Tier 1....................       0.80       0.31  .........  .........      4.2       0.6
Gasoline......................................  3751-5750     Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10         1.7
Gasoline......................................  3751-5750     Tier 1....................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........      5.5       0.97
Diesel........................................  0-3750        Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10         1.2
Diesel........................................  0-3750        Tier 1....................       0.80       0.31  .........  .........      4.2       1.25
Diesel........................................  3751-5750     Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10         1.7
Diesel........................................  3751-5750     Tier 1....................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........      5.5       0.97
Methanol......................................  0-3750        Tier 0....................  .........  .........       0.80  .........     10         1.2
Methanol......................................  0-3750        Tier 1....................  .........  .........       0.80       0.31      4.2       0.6
Methanol......................................  3751-5750     Tier 0....................  .........  .........       0.80  .........     10         1.7
Methanol......................................  3751-5750     Tier 1....................  .........  .........       0.80       0.40      5.5       0.97
Natural Gas...................................  0-3750        Tier 0....................  .........       0.67  .........  .........     10         1.2
Natural Gas...................................  0-3750        Tier 1....................  .........       0.31  .........  .........      4.2       0.6
Natural Gas...................................  3751-5750     Tier 0....................  .........       0.67  .........  .........     10         1.7
Natural Gas...................................  3751-5750     Tier 1....................  .........       0.40  .........  .........      5.5       0.97
LPG...........................................  0-3750        Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10         1.2
LPG...........................................  0-3750        Tier 1....................       0.80       0.31  .........  .........      4.2       0.6
LPG...........................................  3751-5750     Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10         1.7
LPG...........................................  3751-5750     Tier 1....................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........      5.5       0.97
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Full useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.


Table A94-10--Implementation Schedule for Light Light-Duty Trucks for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................            0
1995.......................................................           40
1996.......................................................           80
After 1996.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table A94-11--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-
                           Duty Trucks for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Fuel                 LVW (lbs)      Standards         PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08

[[Page 211]]

 
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table A94-12--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty
                              Trucks for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Fuel                 LVW (lbs)      Standards         PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.10
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.10
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 0.........       0.26
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.10
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........       0.13
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.10
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 0.........   \1\ 0.26
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.10
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........   \1\ 0.13
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.10
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 0.........   \1\ 0.26
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.10
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........   \1\ 0.13
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.10
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 0.........   \1\ 0.26
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.10
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........   \1\ 0.13
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.

    (B)(1)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining 
compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section shall be based on 
total actual U.S. sales of light light-duty trucks of the applicable 
model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, 
broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale. If 
the option of paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)(1)(ii) of this section is taken, 
such sales percentages shall be based on the total actual combined U.S. 
sales of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks of the 
applicable model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sales to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of tables A94-7 and A94-10 of this section. Such 
petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year 
to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the petition to be 
granted, the manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that actual production volume is functionally equivalent 
to actual sales volume.
    (iii) The manufacturer may count toward the sales percentages light 
light-duty trucks of the applicable model year that meet certain 
standards for that same model year contained in Title 13, ``California 
Code of Regulations, Section 1960.1, and the incorporated California 
Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 and Subsequent 
Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.'' 
(Copies may be obtained from Barclays Law Publishers, P.O. Box 3066, San 
Francisco, CA 94080.) The relevant standards from that source

[[Page 212]]

are those that are designated as phase-in standards for selected 
pollutants and were first applied in the 1993 model year, as well as 
those for all remaining pollutants that require compliance at the one 
hundred percent level. If this option is taken, all light light-duty 
trucks sold in jurisdictions adopting such standards shall be counted 
toward the total upon which the sales percentage is based. If this 
option is not taken, light light-duty trucks sold in such jurisdictions 
are to be excluded from counting toward either the total upon which the 
sales percentage is based or the sales percentage itself.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of table A94-7 of 
this section for model years 1994 and 1995 and from the implementation 
schedules of table A94-10 of this section for model years 1995 and 1996. 
For small volume manufacturers, the Tier 0 standards of table A94-9 
continue to apply until model year 1996, and the Tier 0 standards of 
table A94-12 continue to apply until model year 1997, when one hundred 
percent compliance with the Tier 1 standards of tables A94-8, A94-9, 
A94-11, and A94-12 is required. This exemption does not apply to small 
volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (2)(i)Where the required implementation schedule sales percentages 
for in-use purposes, as prescribed in subpart H of this part, are the 
same in a given model year as the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages for certification purposes, as prescribed in this section, 
the same engine families must comprise the respective percentages.
    (ii) Where the required implementation schedule sales percentages 
for in-use purposes differ from implementation schedule sales 
percentages for certification purposes in a particular model year, the 
manufacturer must designate, at the time of Application for 
Certification, which families will meet each applicable in-use phase-in 
percentage.
    (3) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for certification purposes.
    (4) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full 
useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (ii) Heavy light-duty trucks. Exhaust emissions from 1994 and later 
model year heavy light-duty trucks shall meet all standards in Tables 
A94-14 and A94-15 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel type 
and loaded vehicle weight or adjusted loaded vehicle weight, as 
applicable, according to the implementation schedule in Table A94-13, as 
follows (optional for 1994 through 1996 model year gaseous-fueled heavy 
light-duty trucks):
    (A) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A94-13 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's heavy light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-14 
and shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table A94-15. 
The remaining vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards 
in table A94-15.

  Table A94-13--Implementation Schedule for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for
                           HCs, CO, NOX and PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................            0
1995.......................................................            0
1996.......................................................           50
after 1996.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 213]]


                       Table A94-14--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO, NOX and PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Fuel                        ALVW (lbs)             Standards               THC      NMHC     THCE    NMHCE     CO    NOX      PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline........................................   3751-5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Gasoline........................................   3751-5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.32  .......  .......    4.4    0.7  .......
Gasoline........................................      > 5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Gasoline........................................      > 5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.39  .......  .......    5.0    1.1  .......
Diesel..........................................   3751-5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Diesel..........................................   3751-5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.32  .......  .......    4.4  .....  .......
Diesel..........................................      > 5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Diesel..........................................      > 5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.39  .......  .......    5.0  .....  .......
Methanol........................................   3751-5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Methanol........................................   3751-5750  Tier 1.........................  .......  .......  .......     0.32    4.4    0.7  .......
Methanol........................................      > 5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Methanol........................................      > 5750  Tier 1.........................  .......  .......  .......     0.39    5.0    1.1  .......
Natural Gas.....................................   3751-5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Natural Gas.....................................   3751-5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.32  .......  .......    4.4    0.7  .......
Natural Gas.....................................      > 5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
Natural Gas.....................................      > 5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.39  .......  .......    5.0    1.1  .......
LPG.............................................   3751-5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
LPG.............................................   3751-5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.32  .......  .......    4.4    0.7  .......
LPG.............................................      > 5750  Tier 0.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....  .....  .......
LPG.............................................      > 5750  Tier 1.........................  .......     0.39  .......  .......    5.0    1.1  .......
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                           Table A94-15--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO, NOX and PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Fuel                     LVW (lbs)  ALVW (lbs)          Standards           THC      NMHC     THCE     NMHCE      CO    NOX      PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline..................................     0-3750  ..........  Tier 0..................     0.80  .......  .......  .........     10    1.2  .......
Gasoline..................................      >3750  ..........  Tier 0..................     0.80  .......  .......  .........     10    1.7  .......
Gasoline..................................  .........   3751-5750  Tier 1..................     0.80     0.46  .......  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
Gasoline..................................  .........       >5750  Tier 1..................     0.80     0.56  .......  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
Diesel....................................     0-3750  ..........  Tier 0..................     0.80  .......  .......  .........     10   1.20     0.26
Diesel....................................      >3750  ..........  Tier 0..................     0.80  .......  .......  .........     10    1.7     0.13
Diesel....................................  .........   3751-5750  Tier 1..................     0.80     0.46  .......  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
Diesel....................................  .........       >5750  Tier 1..................     0.80     0.56  .......  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
Methanol..................................     0-3750  ..........  Tier 0..................  .......  .......     0.80  .........     10    1.2  \1\ 0.2
                                                                                                                                                       6
Methanol..................................      >3750  ..........  Tier 0..................  .......  .......     0.80  .........     10    1.7  \1\ 0.1
                                                                                                                                                       3
Methanol..................................  .........   3751-5750  Tier 1..................  .......  .......     0.80       0.46    6.4   0.98     0.10
Methanol..................................  .........       >5750  Tier 1..................  .......  .......     0.80       0.56    7.3   1.53     0.12
Natural Gas...............................     0-3750  ..........  Tier 0..................  .......     0.67  .......  .........     10    1.2  \1\ 0.2
                                                                                                                                                       6
Natural Gas...............................      >3750  ..........  Tier 0..................  .......     0.67  .......  .........     10    1.7  \1\ 0.1
                                                                                                                                                       3
Natural Gas...............................  .........   3751-5750  Tier 1..................  .......     0.46  .......  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
Natural Gas...............................  .........       >5750  Tier 1..................  .......     0.56  .......  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
LPG.......................................     0-3750  ..........  Tier 0..................     0.80  .......  .......  .........     10    1.2  \1\ 0.2
                                                                                                                                                       6
LPG.......................................      >3750  ..........  Tier 0..................     0.80  .......  .......  .........     10    1.7  \1\ 0.1
                                                                                                                                                       3
LPG.......................................  .........   3751-5750  Tier 1..................     0.80     0.46  .......  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
LPG.......................................  .........       >5750  Tier 1..................     0.80     0.56  .......  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.

    (B)(1)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining 
compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) of this section shall be based 
on total actual U.S. sales of heavy light-duty trucks of the applicable 
model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, 
broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of table A94-13 of this section. Such petition shall 
be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year to the 
Manufacturers Operations Division. For the petition to be granted, the 
manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator 
that actual production volume is functionally equivalent to actual sales 
volume.
    (iii) The manufacturer may count toward the sales percentages heavy 
light-

[[Page 214]]

duty trucks of the applicable model year that meet certain standards for 
that same model year contained in Title 13, California Code of 
Regulations, Section 1960.1, and the incorporated ``California Exhaust 
Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 and Subsequent Model 
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.'' The 
relevant standards from that source are those that are designated as 
phase-in standards for selected pollutants and were first applied in the 
1995 model year, as well as those for all remaining pollutants that 
require compliance at the one hundred percent level. If this option is 
taken, all heavy light-duty trucks sold in jurisdictions adopting such 
standards shall be counted toward the total upon which the sales 
percentage is based. If this option is not taken, heavy light-duty 
trucks sold in such jurisdictions are to be excluded from counting 
toward either the total upon which the sales percentage is based or the 
sales percentage itself.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedule of table A94-13 of 
this section for model year 1996. For small volume manufacturers, the 
Tier 0 standards of table A94-15 continue to apply until model year 
1997, when one hundred percent compliance with the Tier 1 standards of 
tables A94-14 and A94-15 is required. This exemption does not apply to 
small volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (2)(i) Where the required implementation schedule sales percentages 
for in-use purposes, as prescribed in subpart H of this part, are the 
same in a given model year as the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages for certification purposes, as prescribed in this section, 
the same engine families must comprise the respective percentages.
    (ii) Where the required implementation schedule sales percentages 
for in-use purposes differ from implementation schedule sales 
percentages for certification purposes in a particular model year, the 
manufacturer must designate, at the time of Application for 
Certification, which families will meet each applicable in-use phase-in 
percentage.
    (3) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for certification purposes.
    (4) A manufacturer cannot use one set of engine families to meet its 
intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full useful 
life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (iii) Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide from 1994 and later model 
year light-duty trucks shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow 
at curb idle at a useful life of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
first occurs (for Otto-cycle, and methanol-and gaseous-fueled diesel 
light-duty trucks only--optional for 1994 through 1996 model year 
gaseous-fueled light-duty trucks).
    (iv)(A) A manufacturer may elect to include all or some of its 
light-duty truck engine families subject to the Tier 0 standards in the 
NOX averaging program, provided that it does not elect to pay 
an NCP for noncompliance with any emission standard applicable to that 
light-duty truck family. Trucks produced for sale in California or in 
designated high-altitude areas may be averaged only within each of those 
areas. Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled engine families may not be 
averaged together. Otto-cycle and diesel engines families also may not 
be averaged together. If the manufacturer elects to participate in the 
NOX averaging program, individual family NOX 
emission limits may not exceed 2.3 grams per mile. If the manufacturer 
elects to average together NOX emissions of light-duty trucks 
subject to different standards based on GVWR and loaded vehicle weight, 
its composite NOX standard applies to the combined fleets of 
light-duty trucks of all weight categories included in the average, and 
is calculated as defined in Sec. 86.088-2.

[[Page 215]]

    (B) A manufacturer may elect to include any diesel light-duty truck 
engine families subject to the Tier 0 standards in the appropriate 
particulate averaging program (petroleum or methanol), provided that it 
does not elect to pay an NCP for noncompliance with any emission 
standard applicable to that light-duty truck family. Trucks produced for 
sale in California or in designated high-altitude areas may be averaged 
only within each of those areas, and light-duty trucks greater than 
3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight may be averaged only with other light-
duty trucks greater than 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight. Averaging is 
not permitted between fuel types. If the manufacturer elects to average 
both light-duty trucks 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight or less and 
light-duty vehicles together in the appropriate particulate averaging 
program, its composite particulate standard applies to the combined set 
of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks included in the average and 
is calculated as defined in Sec. 86.088-2.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) 
of this section refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as 
set forth in subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures. The test weight basis for light light-
duty trucks, and for heavy light-duty trucks certified to the Tier 0 
standards of this section, for the purposes of determining equivalent 
test weight as prescribed in Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle 
weight. The test weight basis for heavy light-duty trucks certified to 
the Tier 1 standards of this section, for the purposes of determining 
equivalent test weight as prescribed in Sec. 86.129-94, shall be 
adjusted loaded vehicle weight. The standard set forth in paragraph 
(a)(1)(iii) of this section refers to the exhaust emitted at curb idle 
and measured and calculated in accordance with the procedures set forth 
in subpart P of this part.
    (b) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1994 and later model year light-
duty trucks shall not exceed:
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.0 grams 
per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty 
trucks). 2.0 grams per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1994 and later model year light-duty truck. This 
requirement is optional for 1994 through 1996 model year gaseous-fueled 
light-duty trucks.
    (d) The CO, NOX, and particulate standards set forth in 
paragraphs (d)(1)(ii)(A), (d)(1)(iii), and (d)(1)(iv) of this section, 
respectively, are applicable only to model year 1994 light-duty trucks 
certified to the Tier 0 standards of paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) 
of this section. The HC, THCE, and idle CO standards set forth in 
paragraphs (d)(1)(i)(A), (d)(1)(i)(B) and (d)(1)(ii)(B) of this section, 
respectively, are applicable only to model year 1994 light-duty trucks.
    (1) Model year 1994 light-duty trucks sold for principal use at a 
designated high-altitude location shall be capable of meeting the 
following exhaust emission standards when tested under high-altitude 
conditions:
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty trucks 
when fueled with petroleum fuel and/or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.0 
grams per vehicle mile (0.62 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and 
diesel light-duty trucks). 1.0 gram per vehicle mile (0.62 gram per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (C) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty 
trucks when fueled with natural gas). 0.83 gram per vehicle mile (0.52 
gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (ii) Carbon Monoxide. (A) 14 grams per vehicle mile (8.7 grams per 
vehicle kilometer).
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (for Otto-cycle 
and methanol-fueled diesel light-duty trucks only).
    (iii) Oxides of Nitrogen. (A) For light-duty trucks up to and 
including 3,750 lbs. loaded vehicle weight, 1.2 grams

[[Page 216]]

per vehicle mile (0.75 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs. and greater loaded vehicle 
weight, 1.7 grams per vehicle mile (1.1 grams per vehicle kilometer).
    (iv) Particulate (for diesel light-duty trucks only). (A) For light-
duty trucks up to and including 3,750 lbs. loaded vehicle weight, 0.26 
gram per vehicle mile (0.16 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs. and greater loaded vehicle 
weight, 0.13 gram per vehicle mile (0.08 gram per vehicle kilometer).
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii)(A), 
(d)(1)(iii), and (d)(1)(iv) of this section refer to the exhaust emitted 
over a driving schedule as set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures. The 
standard set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(B) of this section refers to 
the exhaust emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in 
accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (e) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1994 model year light-duty 
trucks sold for principal use at a designated high-altitude location, 
when tested under high-altitude conditions, shall not exceed:
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.6 grams 
per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty 
trucks). 2.6 grams per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (e) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and 
measured in accordance with those procedures.
    (f) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1994 model year light-duty trucks sold for principal 
use at a designated high-altitude location.
    (g)(1) Any model year 1994 light-duty truck that a manufacturer 
wishes to certify for sale at low altitude must be capable of meeting 
high-altitude emission standards (specified in paragraphs (d) through 
(f) of this section). The manufacturer may specify vehicle adjustments 
or modifications to allow the vehicle to meet high-altitude standards 
but these adjustments or modifications may not alter the vehicle's basic 
engine, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle 
ratio.
    (i) A manufacturer may certify unique configurations to meet the 
high-altitude standards but is not required to certify these vehicle 
configurations to meet the low-altitude standards.
    (ii) Any adjustments or modifications that are recommended to be 
performed on vehicles to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (g)(1) of 
this section:
    (A) Shall be capable of being effectively performed by commercial 
repair facilities, and
    (B) Must be included in the manufacturer's application for 
certification.
    (2) Any model year 1995 and later light-duty truck and optionally 
model year 1994 light-duty truck that a manufacturer wishes to certify 
for sale shall meet the emission standards of paragraphs (a) through (c) 
of this section under both low- and high-altitude conditions as 
specified in Sec. 86.082-2, except as provided in paragraphs (h) and (i) 
of this section. Vehicles shall meet emission standards under both low- 
and high-altitude conditions without manual adjustments or 
modifications. Any emission control device used to meet emission 
standards under high-altitude conditions shall initially actuate 
(automatically) no higher than 4,000 feet above sea level.
    (h) The manufacturer may exempt 1994 and later model year light-duty 
trucks from compliance at high altitude with the emission standards set 
forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, and may exempt 1994 
model year light-duty trucks from compliance with the high-altitude 
emission standards set forth in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, 
if the vehicles are not intended for sale at high altitude and if the 
requirements of paragraphs (h)(1) and (2) of this section are met.
    (1) A vehicle configuration shall only be considered eligible for 
exemption under paragraph (h) of this section if the requirements of any 
of paragraphs (h)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section are met.

[[Page 217]]

    (i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and 
engine speed-to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted 
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is 
determined according to the following procedure:
    (A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data 
of all vehicle configurations it will offer for the model year in 
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine 
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the gross vehicle 
weight (GVW) expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate shall be 
N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions per 
minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At the 
manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N/V. The gear selection must be the same for all N/V data 
points on the manufacturer's graph. For each transmission/axle ratio 
combination, only the lowest N/V value shall be used in the graphical 
display.
    (B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(D/
W)-0.9 where the constant, C, is determined by the 
requirement that all the vehicle data points either fall on the line or 
lie to the upper right of the line as displayed on the graphs.
    (C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(0.84 
D/W)-0.9 where the constant, C, is the same as that found in 
paragraph (h)(1)(i)(B) of this section.
    (D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which 
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on 
the graph.
    (ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range 
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is 
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in 
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section 
and by using the product line N/V = C(hp/W)-0.9.
    (A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of 
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349 (copies may be obtained from 
SAE, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096), or any subsequent 
version of that test procedure. Any of the horsepower determinants 
within that test procedure may be used, as long as it is used 
consistently throughout the manufacturer's product line in any model 
year.
    (B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this 
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle configurations as 
set forth in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to 
accelerate from 0 to a speed not less than 40 miles per hour and not 
greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude conditions is 
greater than the largest acceleration time under low-altitude conditions 
for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure to be followed in 
making this determination is:
    (A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle configuration and 
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle 
configuration which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude 
conditions of all the vehicle configurations it will offer for the model 
year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description of 
the methodology used to make this determination.
    (B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle configurations and 
acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those vehicle 
configurations which have higher acceleration times under high-altitude 
conditions than the highest acceleration time at low altitude identified 
in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.
    (iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraph 
(h)(1)(iii) of this section, its acceleration time can be estimated 
based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in accordance with 
good engineering practice, to meet the exemption criteria of paragraph 
(h)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (2) A vehicle shall only be considered eligible for exemption under 
this paragraph if at least one configuration of its model type (and 
transmission configuration in the case of vehicles equipped with manual 
transmissions,

[[Page 218]]

excluding differences due to the presence of overdrive) is certified to 
meet emission standards under high-altitude conditions as specified in 
paragraphs (a) through (g) of this section. The Certificate of 
Conformity (the Certificate) covering any exempted configuration(s) will 
also apply to the corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) required 
under this subparagraph. As a condition to the exemption, any 
suspension, revocation, voiding, or withdrawal of the Certificate as it 
applies to a non-exempt configuration for any reason will result in a 
suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the corresponding 
exempted configuration(s) of that model type, unless there is at least 
one other corresponding non-exempt configuration of the same model type 
still covered by the Certificate. The suspension of the Certificate as 
it applies to the exempted configuration(s) will be terminated when any 
one of the following occurs:
    (i) Another corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) receive(s) 
coverage under the Certificate; or
    (ii) Suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) is terminated; or
    (iii) The Agency's action(s), with respect to suspension, 
revocation, voiding or withdrawal of the Certificate as it applies to 
the corresponding non-exempt configuration(s), is reversed.
    (3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph 
(h)(1) of this section will be considered a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.
    (i)(1) The manufacturers may exempt 1994 and later model year light-
duty trucks from compliance at low altitude with the emission standards 
set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the vehicles:
    (i) Are not intended for sale at low altitude; and
    (ii) Are equipped with a unique, high-altitude axle ratio (rear-
wheel drive vehicles) or a unique, high-altitude drivetrain (front-wheel 
drive vehicles) with a higher N/V ratio than other configurations of 
that model type which are certified in compliance with the emission 
standards of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (2) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at low altitude that has 
been exempted as set forth in paragraph (i)(1) of this section will be 
considered a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.
    (j) Any light-duty truck that a manufacturer wishes to certify for 
sale under the provisions of paragraphs (h) or (i) of this section is 
subject to the provisions of subpart Q of this part.
    (k) Cold Temperature Carbon Monoxide (CO) Standards--(1) Light 
light-duty trucks. Exhaust emissions from 1994 and later model year 
gasoline-fueled light light-duty trucks with a loaded vehicle weight of 
3,750 lbs or less shall meet a cold temperature CO standard of 10.0 
grams per mile and gasoline-fueled light light-duty trucks with a loaded 
vehicle weight of greater than 3,750 lbs shall meet a cold temperature 
CO standard of 12.5 grams per mile, both for an intermediate useful life 
of 50,000 miles and according to the implementation schedule in table 
A94-16. This standard applies under both high and low altitude 
conditions. At the manufacturer's option, the manufacturer may combine 
the sales of gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and 
heavy light-duty trucks in determining compliance with the required 1994 
and 1995 model year phase-in percentages as included in table A94-16.

 Table A94-16--Implementation Schedule for Combined Sales of Light-duty
               Vehicles and Light-duty Trucks for Cold CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994........................................................         40
1995........................................................         80
After 1995..................................................        100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Heavy light-duty trucks. Exhaust emissions from 1994 and later 
model year gasoline-fueled heavy light-duty trucks shall meet a cold 
temperature CO standard of 12.5 grams per mile for an intermediate 
useful life of 50,000 miles and according to the implementation schedule 
in table A94-16. This standard applies under both low and high altitude 
conditions. At the manufacturer's option, the manufacturer

[[Page 219]]

may combine the sales of gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles, light 
light-duty trucks, and heavy light-duty trucks in determining compliance 
with the required 1994 and 1995 model year phase-in percentages as 
included in table A94-16.
    (3)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining compliance 
with paragraphs (k)(1) and (k)(2) of this section shall be based on 
total actual and, at the manufacturer's option, combined U.S. sales of 
light-duty vehicles, light light-duty trucks, and heavy light-duty 
trucks of the applicable model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, 
distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises 
the point of first sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sales to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of table A94-16. Such petition shall be submitted 
within 30 days of the end of the model year to the Manufacturers 
Operations Division. For the petition to be granted, the manufacturer 
must establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator that actual 
production volume is functionally equivalent to actual sales volume. 
Approval of the use of production data will be presumed unless otherwise 
notified by the Agency within 30 days of submittal of the petition.
    (iii) The manufacturer may count towards the sales percentages those 
light-duty vehicles, light light-duty trucks, and heavy light-duty 
trucks of the applicable model year sold in the state of California or 
in jurisdictions which have adopted the California emission standards 
under section 177 of the Clean Air Act if those light-duty vehicles, 
light light-duty trucks, and heavy light-duty trucks have been certified 
to meet the federally mandated cold CO standards. If this option is 
taken, all light-duty vehicles, light light-duty trucks and heavy light-
duty trucks sold in California and such jurisdictions shall be counted 
toward the total upon which the sales percentage is based. If this 
option is not taken, light-duty vehicles, light light-duty trucks, and 
heavy light-duty trucks sold in California or such jurisdictions are to 
be excluded from counting toward either the total upon which the sales 
percentage is based or the sales percentage itself.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of table A94-16 
for model years 1994 and 1995. This exemption does not apply to small 
volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (v) The manufacturer must state at the time of applying for the 
Certificate, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which engine families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages.

[56 FR 25742, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31899, July 17, 1992; 59 
FR 48495, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995; 62 FR 47120, Sept. 
5, 1997]



Sec. 86.094-11  Emission standards for 1994 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 1994 and later model year diesel 
heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following (optional for 1994 
through 1996 model year new natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled heavy-duty engines):
    (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either 
petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (C) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel engines). 
1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), as 
measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. (A) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, 
natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only).

[[Page 220]]

    (iii) Oxides of nitrogen. (A) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(1.9 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the NOX 
averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects 
to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (2.2 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (iv) Particulate. (A) For diesel engines to be used in urban buses, 
0.07 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.026 gram per megajoule), as 
measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) For all other diesel engines only, 0.10 gram per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (C) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the 
restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the particulate FEL 
may not exceed:
    (1) For engine families intended for use in urban buses, 0.25 gram 
per brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule).
    (2) For engine families not intended for use in urban buses, 0.60 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.22 gram per megajoule).
    (3) The ceiling values in paragraphs (a)(1)(iv)(C) (1) and (2) of 
this section apply whether credits for the family are derived from 
averaging, trading, or banking programs.
    (b)(1) The opacity of smoke from new 1994 and later model year 
diesel heavy-duty engines shall not exceed (optional for 1994 through 
1996 model year gaseous-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines):
    (i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.
    (iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set 
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus 
methanol) from 1994 and later model year heavy-duty vehicles equipped 
with methanol-fueled diesel engines shall not exceed:
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs, 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs, 4.0 grams per test.
    (4)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the 
conditions set forth in subpart M and measured in accordance with those 
procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs, the standard set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this 
section refers to the manufacturers, engineering design evaluation using 
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1994 or later model year methanol-fueled diesel, 
or any naturally-aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine (optional for 1994 
through 1996 model year natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
engines). For petroleum-, natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled engines only; this provision does not apply to engines using 
turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable

[[Page 221]]

procedures in subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test 
engines meet the requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) and (d) of 
this section.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10654, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 14466, Apr. 11, 1989; 
57 FR 19538, May 7, 1992; 58 FR 15799, Mar. 24, 1993; 59 FR 48497, Sept. 
21, 1994; 62 FR 47120, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.094-13  Light-duty exhaust durability programs.

    (a)(1) This section describes the various durability programs 
available to manufacturers for determining exhaust deterioration factors 
(DFs) for the certification of 1994 and beyond model year light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks. While this section describes many of the 
important elements of these durability programs, it is not intended as 
an exhaustive list of all requirements applicable either to these 
programs or to the certification process.
    (2) The durability programs consist of various elements, such as a 
statement of applicability, a service accumulation method, vehicle/
component selection methods, durability data vehicle compliance 
requirements, in-use verification requirements, optional elements, data 
reporting requirements, and additional requirements. Cross references to 
other sections in this subpart are indicated where appropriate.
    (b) The following table summarizes the durability programs available 
to all manufacturers of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. The 
Tier 1 and Tier 0 standards cited in the table are those specified in 
Sec. 86.094-8 (for light-duty vehicles) and Sec. 86.094-9 (for light-
duty trucks). The durability programs described in this section are 
separate and distinct alternatives, such that determination of an 
exhaust deterioration factor under one program does not require 
compliance with the requirements of a different durability program.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Class                         Standards           Durability program name     Optional elements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light-duty Vehicles................  Tier 1..................  Standard AMA..............  Carryover.
                                                                                           Extrapolation.
                                                                                           Substitute AMA.
                                                               Production AMA............  Carryover.
                                                                                           Extrapolation.
                                                                                           Substitute AMA.
                                                               Alternative Service         Carryover.
                                                                Accumulation.
                                     Tier 0..................  Standard AMA..............  Carryover.
                                                                                           Substitute AMA.
                                                               Production AMA............  Carryover.
                                                                                           Substitute AMA.
                                                               Alternative Service         Carryover.
                                                                Accumulation.
Light-duty Trucks..................  Tier 1 & Tier 0.........  Standard Self-Approval....  Carryover.
                                                               Alternative Service         Carryover.
                                                                Accumulation.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Standard AMA durability program--(1) Applicability. The standard 
AMA durability program is applicable to light-duty vehicles in model 
years 1994 and beyond.
    (2) Service accumulation method. The method shall be mileage 
accumulation performed on whole durability data vehicles, using the 
Durability Driving Schedule (commonly referred to as the AMA schedule) 
specified in appendix IV to this part. The provisions of Sec. 86.094-
26(a), which include vehicle weight requirements, the duration of 
mileage accumulation, and the specification of emission tests to be 
performed during the mileage accumulation, shall apply. Scheduled and 
unscheduled maintenance may be performed on the vehicle in accordance 
with the provisions of Sec. 86.094-25.
    (3) Vehicle/component selection method. Durability data vehicles 
shall be selected by the Administrator as required in Sec. 86.090-22(a) 
and in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 86.094-24(c)(1). 
Typically, the Administrator selects one durability data vehicle to 
represent each engine-system combination. The selection of durability 
data vehicles is also governed by Sec. 86.091-7(a)(2)(i)(A), which 
generally requires

[[Page 222]]

that vehicles used for certification must be representative of 
production vehicles.
    (4) Durability data vehicle compliance requirements. Durability data 
vehicle compliance requirements for the Standard AMA Durability Program 
are contained in Sec. 86.094-28(a). These include the method of 
calculating deterioration factors, line crossing criteria, and related 
requirements.
    (5) In-use verification. Manufacturer testing of in-use vehicles 
subsequent to certification is not a requirement of the Standard AMA 
Durability Program.
    (6) Optional elements--(i) Extrapolation. Manufacturers selecting 
the Standard AMA Durability Program may petition the Administrator for 
the use of extrapolated mileage accumulation data according to the 
provisions of Sec. 86.094-26(a)(4) for use in certifying light-duty 
vehicles to the Tier 1 standards of Sec. 86.094-8. If use of 
extrapolated data is approved, deterioration factors are determined by 
the method of linear extrapolation described in Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i).
    (ii) Substitute AMA. Manufacturers selecting the Standard AMA 
Durability Program may petition the Administrator under Sec. 86.094-
26(a)(2)(ii) to substitute a different whole-vehicle mileage 
accumulation schedule for the Durability Driving Schedule (standard AMA) 
specified in appendix IV to this part.
    (iii) Carryover and carryacross. Manufacturers selecting the 
Standard AMA Durability Program may petition. the Administrator for the 
use of carryover or carryacross mileage accumulation data according to 
the provisions of Sec. 86.094-24(f). If use of carryover or carryacross 
data is approved, deterioration factors are determined by the method of 
linear extrapolation described in Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i).
    (7) Data reporting requirements. Data reporting requirements for the 
Standard AMA Durability Program are contained in Secs. 86.094-21, 
86.094-23(b)(1)(i), and 86.094-26 (a)(6)(ii) and (a)(7).
    (d) Production AMA durability program--(1) Applicability. The 
production AMA durability program is applicable to light-duty vehicles 
in model years 1994 and beyond.
    (2) Service accumulation method. The method shall be mileage 
accumulation performed on whole durability data vehicles, using the 
Durability Driving Schedule (commonly referred to as the AMA schedule) 
specified in appendix IV to this part. The provisions of Sec. 86.094-
26(a), which include vehicle weight requirements, the duration of 
mileage accumulation, and the specification of emission tests to be 
performed during the mileage accumulation, shall apply. Scheduled and 
unscheduled maintenance may be performed on the vehicle in accordance 
with the provisions of Sec. 86.094-25.
    (3) Vehicle/component selection method. Durability data vehicles 
shall be selected by the Administrator as required in Sec. 86.090-22(a) 
and in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 86.094-24(h). Typically, 
the Administrator selects several random production durability data 
vehicles, up to a maximum of three vehicles per engine family group.
    (4) Durability data vehicle compliance requirements. Durability data 
vehicle compliance requirements for the Production AMA Durability 
Program are contained in Sec. 86.094-28(a)(7). These include the method 
of calculating deterioration factors, line crossing criteria, and 
related requirements.
    (5) In-use verification. The Production AMA Durability Program 
includes no requirement for manufacturer testing of in-use vehicles 
subsequent to certification.
    (6) Optional elements--(i) Extrapolation. Manufacturers selecting 
the Production AMA Durability Program may petition the Administrator for 
the use of extrapolated mileage accumulation data according to the 
provisions of Sec. 86.094-26(a)(4) for use in certifying light-duty 
vehicles to the Tier I standards of Sec. 86.094-8. If use of 
extrapolated data is approved, deterioration factors are determined by 
the method of linear extrapolation described in Sec. 86.094-
28(a)(7)(ii)(B).
    (ii) Substitute AMA. Manufacturers selecting the Production AMA 
Durability Program may petition the Administrator under Sec. 86.094-
26(a)(2)(ii) to substitute a different whole-vehicle mileage 
accumulation schedule for the Durability Driving Schedule (standard

[[Page 223]]

AMA) specified in appendix IV to this part.
    (iii) Carryover and carryacross. Manufacturers selecting the 
Production AMA Durability Program may petition the Administrator for the 
use of carryover or carryacross mileage accumulation data according to 
the provisions of Sec. 86.094-24(h)(1)(v). If use of carryover or 
carryacross data is approved, deterioration factors are determined by 
the method of linear extrapolation described in Sec. 86.094-
28(a)(7)(ii)(B).
    (7) Data reporting requirements for the Production AMA Durability 
Program are contained in Secs. 86.094-21, 86.094-23(b)(1)(i), and 
86.094-26 (a)(6)(ii) and (a)(7).
    (8) Additional requirements. (i) For engine families subject to the 
procedures of the Production AMA Durability Program, the manufacturer 
shall submit deterioration factors to the Administrator for approval to 
use them for certification. The Administrator shall approve the use of 
deterioration factors that:
    (A) The manufacturer attests are representative of the durability 
performance of its vehicles in actual field use when maintained 
according to the manufacturer's maintenance instructions (as limited 
under Sec. 86.094-25(a)); and
    (B) Are equal to or greater than the deterioration factors that EPA 
determines under paragraph (d)(8)(ii) of this section.
    (ii) EPA shall determine minimum deterioration factors for engine 
families subject to the Production AMA Durability Program. This 
determination shall be based on a procedure of grouping engine families 
(see Sec. 86.094-24(a)) in order to use historical certification data to 
determine deterioration factors for each engine family group. The 
historical data shall be updated yearly through the testing of 
production durability data vehicles. Test vehicle requirements under 
these procedures are contained in Sec. 86.094-24 (h) and compliance 
requirements are contained in Sec. 86.094-28(a)(7).
    (iii) Request procedures. (A) A manufacturer wishing to participate 
in the Production AMA Durability Program must submit to the 
Administrator, for each model year, a written request describing the 
engine families that the manufacturer elects to be included in the 
program.
    (B) The Administrator may declare ineligible any engine family for 
which the Administrator determines there is unreasonable risk in 
determining a deterioration factor using the methods of the Production 
AMA Durability Program. Furthermore, the Administrator may limit the 
number of engine families within the manufacturer's product line that 
are eligible for the Production AMA Durability Program.
    (C) Upon approval of the manufacturer's request to participate, the 
Administrator and the manufacturer may enter into a written agreement 
prescribing the terms and conditions of the program. This agreement 
shall be equitable as compared to agreements entered into with other 
manufacturers. The agreement shall specify:
    (1) The engine families to be included in the program and the engine 
family groups that have been established by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.094-24(a) (8) and (9);
    (2) The procedures for the selection of production durability data 
vehicles specified under the provisions of Sec. 86.094-24(h); and
    (3) The procedures for the determination of minimum exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for each engine family group.
    (iv) Withdrawal from Production AMA Durability Program. (A) Subject 
to the conditions of paragraphs (d)(8)(iv) (B) through (F) of this 
section, a manufacturer may, at any time, withdraw all of its product 
line or separate engine family groups from this program. Only entire 
engine family groups may be withdrawn.
    (B) Once any engine family in an engine family group is certified 
using deterioration factors determined in the Production AMA Durability 
Program, the manufacturer shall operate and test the production 
durability data vehicles specified in Sec. 86.094-24(h) in accordance 
with the procedures of this part.
    (C) The Administrator shall notify the manufacturer if a 
nonconformity of a category of vehicles within the engine family group 
is indicated by the production durability data. For the

[[Page 224]]

purpose of this paragraph, a nonconformity is determined to exist if:
    (1) Any emission data vehicle within an engine family of the model 
year most recently certified under the production AMA Durability Program 
is projected to exceed an emission standard by applying deterioration 
factors generated by a production durability data vehicle within the 
same engine family; or
    (2) Any of the most recent model year's production durability data 
vehicle configurations tested under paragraph (d)(8)(iv)(B) of this 
section line crosses as defined in Sec. 86.094-28(a)(7)(ii)(C). For the 
purpose of this paragraph, data from identical vehicles will be averaged 
as under Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i) (A) and (B)
    (D) If the Administrator notifies a manufacturer of such a 
nonconformity, the manufacturer shall submit, by a date specified by the 
Administrator, a plan to remedy the nonconformity which is acceptable to 
the Director, Office of Mobile Sources. For the purpose of this 
paragraph, the term ``remedy the nonconformity'' will have the same 
meaning as it does when it appears in section 207(c)(1) of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7541(c)(1)).
    (E) The manufacturer shall comply with the terms of the remedial 
plan approved by the Director, Office of Mobile Sources.
    (F) If a manufacturer does not comply with the requirements of 
paragraph (d)(8)(iv) (B), (D), or (E) of this section, the Administrator 
may deem the certificate of conformity for the affected engine families 
void ab initio.
    (e) Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program--(1) 
Applicability. The Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program 
is applicable to light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks in model 
years 1994 and beyond.
    (2) Service accumulation method. (i) The manufacturer shall propose 
a service accumulation method for the Alternative Service Accumulation 
Durability Program, for advance approval by the Administrator. The 
method shall be consistent with good engineering practice and be 
designed to accurately predict the deterioration of the vehicle's 
emissions in actual use over its full useful life.
    (ii) Manufacturers may propose service accumulation methods based 
upon whole-vehicle mileage accumulation, bench aging of individual 
components or systems, or a combination of the two approaches. Bench 
procedures should simulate the aging of components or systems over the 
applicable durability useful life as defined in Sec. 86.094-2 and should 
simulate cycles and environments found in actual use. For this purpose, 
manufacturers may remove the emission-related components, in whole or in 
part, from the durability vehicle itself and deteriorate them 
independently. Vehicle testing for the purpose of determining 
deterioration factors may include the testing of durability vehicles 
that incorporate such bench-aged components.
    (iii) Service accumulation shall be according to the method approved 
in advance by the Administrator.
    (3) Vehicle/component selection method. The manufacturer shall 
propose a vehicle/component selection method for the Alternative Service 
Accumulation Durability Program for advance approval by the 
Administrator. The vehicle/component selection shall be according to the 
method approved in advance by the Administrator. The selection of 
durability data vehicles and components is also governed by Sec. 86.091-
7(a)(2)(i)(A), which generally requires that vehicles and components 
used for certification must be representative of production vehicles and 
components.
    (4) Durability data vehicle compliance requirements. The 
manufacturer shall propose procedures for the calculation of 
deterioration factors and for the determination of vehicle compliance 
for advance approval by the Administrator. The Administrator may approve 
the use of such procedures if the manufacturer demonstrates that the 
resulting deterioration factors are likely to be representative of the 
in-use performance of the vehicles. The calculation of deterioration 
factors and the determination of vehicle compliance shall be according 
to the procedures approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (5) In-use verification. Manufacturers selecting the Alternative 
Service Accumulation Durability Program shall agree to perform an in-use 
verification

[[Page 225]]

program, which shall include testing on in-use vehicles certified under 
the program in the years subsequent to certification. The purpose of the 
in-use verification program is to confirm the adequacy of the 
manufacturer-designed components of the Alternative Service Accumulation 
Durability program. The manufacturer shall propose sample sizes, 
recruitment procedures, testing procedures, optional provisions for the 
cessation of testing in the event the in-use testing confirms the 
adequacy of elements of the Alternative Service Accumulation Durability 
Program, and remedies in the event the in-use testing fails to confirm 
the adequacy of elements of the Alternative Service Accumulation 
Durability program. These and other elements of in-use verification are 
subject to advance approval by the Administrator.
    (6) Optional element: Carryover and carryacross. Manufacturers 
selecting the Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program may 
petition the Administrator for the conditional use of carryover or 
carryacross mileage accumulation data according to the provisions of 
Sec. 86.094-24(f). If use of carryover or carryacross data is approved, 
deterioration factors are determined by the method described in 
paragraph (e)(4) of this section.
    (7) Data reporting requirements. (i) Data reporting requirements for 
the Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program are contained in 
Secs. 86.094-21, 86.094-23(b)(1)(i), and 86.094-26(a)(6)(ii) and (a)(7).
    (ii) In addition to the reporting of deterioration factors 
determined under paragraph (e)(4) of this section, the manufacturer 
shall provide reliability data that shows to the Administrator's 
satisfaction that all emission-related components are designed to 
operate properly for the durability useful life of the vehicles in 
actual use (or such shorter intervals as permitted in section 
Sec. 86.094-25).
    (8) Additional requirements. (i) The manufacturer shall consolidate 
the approved versions for each of the required elements of the 
Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program into a written 
agreement that documents the details of the program and the 
manufacturer's responsibilities. The manufacturer shall submit this 
agreement for approval by the Administrator as part of the application 
for certification.
    (ii) The manufacturer may amend the written agreement entered into 
pursuant to paragraph (e)(8)(i) of this section so long as the 
manufacturer demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that 
the proposed amendments to the agreement improve upon the in-use 
verification portion of the existing agreement. Such amendment to the 
Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program agreement is subject 
to the prior approval of the Administrator.
    (iii) The certification requirements described in Sec. 86.094-
30(a)(14) are applicable.
    (f) Standard Self-Approval Durability Program--(1) Applicability. 
The Standard Self-Approval Durability Program is applicable to light-
duty trucks in the 1994 and beyond model years.
    (2) Service accumulation method. The manufacturer shall determine 
the form and extent of service accumulation used in the Standard Self-
Approval Durability Program, according to the provisions of Sec. 86.094-
26(b)(2). The method shall be consistent with good engineering practice 
and be designed to evaluate the mechanisms that are expected to cause 
deterioration of the vehicle's emissions over its full useful life.
    (3) Vehicle/component selection method. The manufacturer shall 
determine the vehicle/component selection method for use in the Standard 
Self-Approval Durability Program according to the provisions of 
Sec. 86.094-24(c)(2). Manufacturers shall select the vehicles, engines, 
subsystems, or components for each engine-system so that their emissions 
deterioration characteristics may be expected to represent those of in-
use vehicles, based on good engineering judgment. The selection of 
durability data vehicles or components is also governed by Sec. 86.091-
7(a)(2)(A), which generally requires that vehicles and components used 
for certification must be representative of production vehicles and 
components.
    (4) Durability data vehicle compliance requirements. Durability data 
vehicle compliance requirements for the

[[Page 226]]

Standard Self-approval Durability Program are contained in Sec. 86.094-
28(b). These include the method of calculating deterioration factors and 
related requirements.
    (5) In-use verification. The Standard Self-Approval Durability 
Program includes no requirement for manufacturer testing of in-use 
vehicles subsequent to certification.
    (6) Data reporting requirements. Data reporting requirements for the 
Standard Self-Approval Durability Program are contained in Secs. 86.094-
21, 86.094-23(b)(1)(ii), and 86.094-26(d).
    (7) Additional requirement. The Administrator does not approve the 
test procedures for establishing exhaust emission deterioration factors. 
The manufacturer shall submit these procedures and determinations as 
required in Sec. 86.094-21(b)(5)(i)(A).
    (g) Assigned deterioration factor durability program--(1) 
Applicability--(i) Small volume manufacturers. The Assigned 
Deterioration Factor Durability Program is applicable to light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks certified under the small volume 
manufacturer provisions of Secs. 86.094-1(e) and 86.094-14(b).
    (ii) Small volume engine families. The Assigned Deterioration Factor 
Durability Program is available to light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks certified under the small volume engine family provisions of 
Sec. 86.094-24(e)(2).
    (2) Determination of deterioration factors. No service accumulation 
method or vehicle/component selection method is required. Deterioration 
factors are proposed by the manufacturer or assigned by the 
Administrator based on the provisions of Sec. 86.094-14(c)(7)(i)(C).
    (3) In-use verification. The Assigned Deterioration Factor 
Durability Program includes no requirement for manufacturer testing of 
in-use vehicles subsequent to certification.
    (4) Data reporting requirements. Data reporting requirements for the 
Assigned Deterioration Factor Durability Program are contained in 
Sec. 86.094-14 (c)(4), (c)(6), and (c)(11)(ii).

[58 FR 4002, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 36369, July 18, 1994; 62 
FR 11082, Mar. 11, 1997; 62 FR 44875, Aug. 22, 1997]



Sec. 86.094-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    (a)(1) The small-volume manufacturers certification procedures 
described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section are optional. Small-
volume manufacturers may use these optional procedures to demonstrate 
compliance with the general standards and specific emission requirements 
contained in this subpart.
    (2) To satisfy the durability data requirements of the small-volume 
manufacturers certification procedures, manufacturers of vehicles (or 
engines) as described in paragraph (b) of this section may use assigned 
deterioration factors that the Administrator determines by methods 
described in paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of this section. However, if no 
deterioration factor data (either the manufacturer's or industry-wide 
deterioration factor data) are available from previously completed 
durability data vehicles or engines used for certification, 
manufacturers of vehicles (or engines) as described in paragraph (b) of 
this section or with new technology not previously certified may use 
assigned deterioration factors that the Administrator determines by 
alternative methods, based on good engineering judgement. The factors 
that the Administrator determines by alternative methods will be 
published in an advisory letter or advisory circular.
    (b)(1) The optional small-volume manufacturers certification 
procedures apply to light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty 
vehicles, and heavy-duty engines produced by manufacturers with U.S. 
sales, including all vehicles and engines imported under the provisions 
of Secs. 85.1505 and 85.1509 of this chapter (for the model year in 
which certification is sought) of fewer than 10,000 units (Light-Duty 
Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Heavy-Duty Engines 
combined).
    (2) For the purpose of determining the applicability of paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section, the sales the Administrator shall use shall be 
the aggregate of the projected or actual sales of those vehicles and/or 
engines in any of these groupings:

[[Page 227]]

    (i) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms, one of 
which is 10 percent or greater part owned by another;
    (ii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by any two or more firms if a 
third party has equity ownership of 10 percent or more in each of the 
firms;
    (iii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms having a 
common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall 
direction of the companies;
    (iv) Vehicles and/or engines imported or distributed by all firms 
where the vehicles and/or engines are manufactured by the same entity 
and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.
    (3) If the aggregated sales, as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section are less than 301 units, the manufacturers in the 
aggregated relationship may certify under the provisions in this section 
that apply to manufacturers with sales of less than 301 units.
    (4) If the aggregated sales, as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section are greater than 300 but fewer than 10,000 units, the 
manufacturers in the aggregated relationship may certify under the 
provisions in this section that apply to manufacturers with sales from 
and including 301 through 9,999 motor vehicles and motor vehicles 
engines per year.
    (5) If the aggregated sales, as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section are equal to or greater than 10,000 units, then the 
manufacturers involved in the aggregated relationship will be allowed to 
certify a number of units under the small-volume engine family 
certification procedures (reference Sec. 86.094-24(e)) in accordance 
with the criteria identified in paragraphs (b)(5) (i) through (iii) of 
this section.
    (i) If a manufacturer purchases less than 50 percent of another 
manufacturer, each manufacturer retains its right to certify 9,999 units 
using the small-volume engine family certification procedures.
    (ii) If a manufacturer purchases 50 percent or more of another 
manufacturer, the manufacturer with the over 50 percent interest must 
share, with the manufacturer it purchased, its 9,999 units under the 
small-volume engine family certification procedures.
    (iii) In a joint venture arrangement (50/50 ownership) between two 
manufacturers, each manufacturer retains its eligibility for 9,999 units 
under the small-volume engine family certification procedures, but the 
joint venture must draw its maximum 9,999 units from the units allocated 
to its parent manufacturers.
    (c) Small-volume manufacturers shall demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable sections of this subpart. The appropriate model year of the 
applicable sections detailed in paragraphs (c) (1) through (15) of this 
section shall be determined in accordance with Sec. 86.084-4.
    (1) Sections 86.094-1, 86.094-2, 86.094-3, 86.084-4, 86.090-5, 
86.078-6, 86.094-7, 86.094-8, 86.094-9, and 86.094-11 are applicable.
    (2) Section 86.080-12 is not applicable.
    (3) Sections 86.094-13, 86.094-14, 86.084-15, and 86.085-20 are 
applicable.
    (4) Small-volume manufacturers shall include in their records all of 
the information that EPA requires in Sec. 86.094-21. This information 
will be considered part of the manufacturer's application for 
certification. However, the manufacturer is not required to submit the 
information to the Administrator unless the Administrator requests it.
    (5) Section 86.094-22 is applicable except as noted in paragraph 
(c)(5)(i) of this section.
    (i) Small-volume light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck 
manufacturers may satisfy the requirements of Sec. 86.094-22(e) by 
including a statement of compliance on adjustable parameters in the 
application for certification. In the statement of compliance the 
manufacturer shall state that the limits, stops, seals, or other means 
used to inhibit adjustment have been designed to accomplish their 
intended purpose based on good engineering practice and past experience. 
If the vehicle parameter is adjustable the vehicle must meet emission 
standards with the parameter set any place within the adjustable range 
(reference Sec. 86.094-21).
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (6) Section 86.094-23 is applicable.

[[Page 228]]

    (7) Section 86.094-24 is applicable except as noted in paragraphs 
(c)(7) (i) through (ii) of this section.
    (i) Small-volume manufacturers may satisfy the requirements of 
Sec. 86.094-24 (b) and (c) in accordance with paragraphs (c)(7)(i) (A) 
through (C) of this section.
    (A) Emission data. Selecting one emission data test vehicle (engine) 
per engine family by the worst-case emissions criteria in accordance 
with paragraph (c)(7)(i)(A) (1), (2), or (3) of this section.
    (1) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. The manufacturer 
shall select the vehicle with the heaviest equivalent test weight 
(including options) within the engine family. Then within that vehicle 
the manufacturer shall select, in the order listed, the highest road 
load power, largest displacement, the transmission with the highest 
numerical final gear ratio (including overdrive), the highest numerical 
axle ratio offered in the engine family, and the maximum fuel flow 
calibration.
    (2) Heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines. The manufacturer shall select one 
emission data engine first based on the largest displacement within the 
engine family. Then within the largest displacement the manufacturer 
shall select, in the order listed, highest fuel flow at the speed of 
maximum rated torque, the engine with the most advanced spark timing, no 
EGR or lowest EGR flow, and no air pump or lowest actual flow air pump.
    (3) Heavy-duty diesel engines. The manufacturer shall select one 
emission data engine based on the highest fuel feed per stroke, 
primarily at the speed of maximum rated torque and secondarily at rated 
speed.
    (B) Testing light-duty vehicles or light-duty truck emission data 
vehicles at any service accumulation distance of at least 2,000 miles 
(3,219 kilometers) or, catalyst equipped heavy-duty emission data 
engines at any service accumulation time of at least 62 hours, or non-
catalyst equipped heavy-duty engine emission data engines at any service 
accumulation time determined by the manufacturer to result in stabilized 
emissions. The emission performance of the emission data vehicle or 
engine must be stabilized prior to emission testing.
    (C) Durability data. Satisfying the durability data requirements by 
complying with the applicable procedures described in paragraphs 
(c)(7)(i)(C) (1) through (4) of this section.
    (1) Manufacturers with aggregated sales of less than 301 motor 
vehicles and motor vehicle engines per year may use assigned 
deterioration factors that the Administrator determines and prescribes. 
The factors will be the Administrator's estimate, periodically updated 
and published in an advisory letter or advisory circular, of the 70th 
percentile deterioration factors calculated using the industry-wide data 
base of previously completed durability data vehicles or engines used 
for certification. However, the manufacturer may, at its option, 
accumulate miles (hours) on a durability data vehicle (engine) and 
complete emission tests for the purpose of establishing its own 
deterioration factors.
    (2)(i) Manufacturers with aggregated sales from and including 301 
through 9,999 motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines per year 
certifying light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions from vehicles equipped 
with proven emission control systems shall use assigned deterioration 
factors that the manufacturer determines based on its good engineering 
judgment. However, the manufacturer may not use deterioration factors 
less than either the average or 70th percentile of all of that 
manufacturer's deterioration factor data, whichever is less. These 
minimum deterioration factors shall be calculated according to 
procedures in paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C)(2)(ii), of this section. If the 
manufacturer does not have at least two data points to calculate these 
manufacturer specific average deterioration factors, then the 
deterioration factors shall be no less than the EPA supplied industry-
wide deterioration factors. However, the manufacturer may, at its 
option, accumulate miles on a durability data vehicle and complete 
emission tests for the purpose of establishing its own deterioration 
factors.
    (ii) The manufacturer's minimum deterioration factors shall be 
calculated using the deterioration factors from all

[[Page 229]]

engine families, within the same vehicle/engine-fuel usage category 
(e.g., gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicle, etc.) previously certified to 
the same emission standards. The manufacturer shall use only 
deterioration factors from engine families previously certified by the 
manufacturer and the deterioration factors shall not be included in the 
calculation more than once. The deterioration factors for each pollutant 
shall be calculated separately. The manufacturer may, at its option, 
limit the deterioration factors used in the calculation of the 
manufacturer's minimum deterioration factors to those from all similar 
systems to the system being certified if sufficient data (i.e., from at 
least two certified systems) exists. All data eligible to be grouped as 
similar system data shall be used in calculating similar system 
deterioration factors. Any deterioration factors used in calculating 
similar system deterioration factors shall not be included in 
calculating the manufacturer's minimum deterioration factors used to 
certify any of the manufacturer's remaining vehicle systems.
    (3) Manufacturers with aggregated sales from 301 through 9,999 motor 
vehicles and motor vehicle engines and certifying light-duty vehicle 
exhaust emissions from vehicles equipped with unproven emission control 
systems shall use deterioration factors that the manufacturer determines 
from official certification durability data generated by vehicles from 
engine families representing a minimum of 25 percent of the 
manufacturer's sales equipped with unproven emission control systems. 
The sales projections are to be based on total sales projected for each 
engine/system combination. The durability programs applicable to such 
manufacturers for this purpose shall be the Standard AMA, the Production 
AMA and the Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Programs of 
Sec. 86.094-13. The durability data vehicle (engine) mileage 
accumulation and emission tests are to be conducted in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-13. The manufacturer must develop deterioration factors by 
generating durability data in accordance with Sec. 86.094-13 on a 
minimum of 25 percent of the manufacturer's projected sales (by engine/
system combination) that is equipped with unproven emission control 
systems. The manufacturer must complete the 25 percent durability 
requirement before the remainder of the manufacturer's sales equipped 
with unproven emission control systems is certified using manufacturer-
determined assigned deterioration factors. Alternatively, any of these 
manufacturers may, at their option, accumulate miles on durability data 
vehicles and complete emission tests for the purpose of establishing 
their own deterioration factors on the remaining sales.
    (4) For light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, and heavy-duty vehicle 
evaporative emissions and for light-duty truck, and heavy-duty engine 
exhaust emissions, deterioration factors shall be determined in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-24.
    (ii) Section 86.094-24(d) and (e) are not applicable.
    (8) Section 86.094-25 is applicable to maintenance performed on 
durability data light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty 
vehicles, and heavy-duty engines when the manufacturer completes 
durability data vehicles or engines; Sec. 86.087-38 is applicable to the 
recommended maintenance the manufacturer includes in the maintenance 
instructions furnished the purchasers of new motor vehicles and new 
motor vehicle engines under Sec. 86.087-38.
    (9)(i) Section 86.094-26 is applicable if the manufacturer completes 
durability data vehicles or engines.
    (ii) Section 86.090-27 is applicable.
    (10) Sections 86.094-28 and 86.091-29 are applicable.
    (11)(i) Section 86.094-30 is applicable, except for Sec. 86.094-30 
(a)(2) and (b). In the place of Sec. 86.094-30 (a)(2) and (b), small-
volume manufacturers shall comply with paragraphs (c)(11) (ii) through 
(v) of this section.
    (ii) Small-volume manufacturers shall submit an application for 
certification containing the elements contained in paragraphs 
(c)(11)(ii) (A) through (E) of this section.
    (A) The names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the persons the 
manufacturer authorizes to communicate with us.
    (B) A brief description of the vehicles (or engines) covered by the 
certificate

[[Page 230]]

(the manufacturers' sales data book or advertising, including 
specifications, may satisfy this requirement for most manufacturers). 
The description shall include, as a minimum, the items listed in 
paragraphs (c)(11)(ii)(B) (1) through (18) of this section as 
applicable.
    (1) Engine evaporative family names and vehicle (or engine) 
configurations.
    (2) Vehicle carlines or engine models to be listed on the 
certificate of conformity.
    (3) The test weight and horsepower setting for each vehicle or 
engine configuration.
    (4) Projected sales.
    (5) Combustion cycle.
    (6) Cooling mechanism.
    (7) Number of cylinders.
    (8) Displacement.
    (9) Fuel system type.
    (10) Number of catalytic converters, type, volume, composition, 
surface area, and total precious metal loading.
    (11) Method of air aspiration.
    (12) Thermal reactor characteristics.
    (13) Suppliers' and/or manufacturers' name and model number of any 
emission related items of the above, if purchased from a supplier who 
uses the items in its own certified vehicles(s) or engine(s).
    (14) A list of emission component part numbers.
    (15) Drawings, calibration curves, and descriptions of emission 
related components, including those components regulated under 
Sec. 86.085-22(e), and schematics of hoses and other devices connecting 
these components.
    (16) Vehicle adjustments or modifications necessary for light-duty 
trucks to assure that they conform to high-altitude standards.
    (17) A description of the light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks 
which are exempted from the high-altitude emission standards.
    (18) Proof that the manufacturer has obtained or entered an 
agreement to purchase, when applicable, the insurance policy, required 
by Sec. 85.1510(b) of this chapter. The manufacturer may submit a copy 
of the insurance policy or purchase agreement as proof that the 
manufacturer has obtained or entered an agreement to purchase the 
insurance policy.
    (C) The results of all emission tests the manufacturer performs to 
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards.
    (D)(1) The following statement signed by the authorized 
representative of the manufacturer: ``The vehicles (or engines) 
described herein have been tested in accordance with (list of the 
applicable subparts A, B, D, I, M, N, or P) of part 86, title 40, Code 
of Federal Regulations, and on the basis of those tests are in 
conformance with that subpart. All of the data and records required by 
that subpart are on file and are available for inspection by the EPA 
Administrator. We project the total U.S. sales of vehicles (engines) 
subject to this subpart (including all vehicles and engines imported 
under the provisions of Secs. 85.1505 and 85.1509 of this chapter to be 
fewer than 10,000 units.''
    (2) A statement as required by and contained in paragraph (c)(5) of 
this section signed by the authorized representative of the 
manufacturer.
    (3) A statement that the vehicles or engines described in the 
manufacturer's application for certification are not equipped with 
auxiliary emission control devices which can be classified as a defeat 
device as defined in Sec. 86.094-2.
    (4) A statement of compliance with section 206(a)(3) of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7525(a)(3)).
    (5) A statement that, based on the manufacturer's engineering 
evaluation and/or emission testing, the light-duty vehicles comply with 
emission standards at high altitude unless exempt under Sec. 86.094-
8(h).
    (6) A statement that, based on the manufacturer's engineering 
evaluation and/or emission testing, the light-duty trucks sold for 
principle use at designated high-altitude locations comply with the 
high-altitude emission requirements and that all other light-duty trucks 
are at least capable of being modified to meet high-altitude standards 
unless exempt under Sec. 86.094-9(g)(2).
    (7) A statement affirming that the manufacturer will provide a list 
of emission and emission-related service parts, including part number 
designations and sources of parts, to the vehicle purchaser for all 
emission and

[[Page 231]]

emission-related parts which might affect vehicle emission performance 
throughout the useful life of the vehicle. Secondly, it must state that 
qualified service facilities and emission-related repair parts will be 
conveniently available to serve its vehicles. In addition, if service 
facilities are not available at the point of sale or distribution, the 
manufacturer must indicate that the vehicle purchaser will be provided 
information identifying the closest authorized service facility to the 
point of sale, if in the United States, or the closest authorized 
service facility to the point of distribution to the ultimate purchaser 
if the vehicle was purchased outside of the United States by the 
ultimate purchaser. Such information should also be made available to 
the Administrator upon request.
    (E) Manufacturers utilizing deterioration factors determined by the 
manufacturer based on its good engineering judgment (reference paragraph 
(c)(7)(i)(C)(2) of this section) shall provide a description of the 
method(s) used by the manufacturer to determine the deterioration 
factors.
    (iii) If the manufacturer meets the requirements of this subpart, 
the Administrator will issue a certificate of conformity for the 
vehicles or engines described in the application for certification.
    (iv) The certificate will be issued for such a period not to exceed 
one model year as the Administrator may determine and upon such terms as 
he may deem necessary to assure that any vehicle or engine covered by 
the certificate will meet the requirements of the Act and of this 
subpart.
    (v)(A) If, after a review of the statements and descriptions 
submitted by the manufacturer, the Administrator determines that the 
manufacturer has not met the applicable requirements, the Administrator 
shall notify the manufacturer in writing of his intention to deny 
certification, setting forth the basis for his determination. The 
manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's determination.
    (B) If the manufacturer does not request a hearing or present the 
required information, the Administrator will deny certification.
    (12) Sections 86.079-31 and 86.079-32 are not applicable.
    (13) Under Sec. 86.079-33, small-volume manufacturers are covered by 
paragraphs (c)(13) (i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) Small-volume manufacturers may make production changes (running 
changes) without receiving the Administrator's prior approval. The 
manufacturer shall assure (by conducting emission tests as it deems 
necessary) that the affected vehicles (engines) remain in compliance 
with the requirements of this part.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall notify the Administrator within seven 
days after implementing any production related change (running change) 
that would affect vehicle emissions. This notification shall include any 
changes to the information required under paragraph (c)(11)(ii) of this 
section. The manufacturer shall also amend as necessary its records 
required under paragraph (c)(4) of this section to confirm with the 
production design change.
    (14) Section 86.082-34 is not applicable.
    (15) Sections 86.094-35, 86.079-36, 86.085-37, 86.087-38 and 86.079-
39 are applicable.

[58 FR 4006, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 127, Jan. 3, 1996]



Sec. 86.094-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

    (a)(1) Heavy-duty engines eligible for NOX and 
particulate averaging, trading and banking programs are described in the 
applicable emission standards sections in this subpart. All heavy-duty 
engine families which include any engines labeled for use in clean-fuel 
vehicles as specified in 40 CFR part 88 are not eligible for these 
programs. Participation in these programs is voluntary.
    (2)(i) Engine families with FELs exceeding the applicable standard 
shall obtain emission credits in a mass amount sufficient to address the 
shortfall. Credits may be obtained from averaging, trading, or banking, 
within the averaging set restrictions described in this section.
    (ii) Engine families with FELs below the applicable standard will 
have emission credits available to average, trade,

[[Page 232]]

bank or a combination thereof. Credits may not be used for averaging or 
trading to offset emissions that exceed an FEL. Credits may not be used 
to remedy an in-use nonconformity determined by a Selective Enforcement 
Audit or by recall testing. However, credits may be used to allow 
subsequent production of engines for the family in question if the 
manufacturer elects to recertify to a higher FEL.
    (iii) Credits scheduled to expire in the earliest model year shall 
be used, prior to using other available credits, to offset emissions of 
engine families with FELs exceeding the applicable standard.
    (b) Participation in the NOX and/or particulate 
averaging, trading, and banking programs shall be done as follows.
    (1) During certification, the manufacturer shall:
    (i) Declare its intent to include specific engine families in the 
averaging, trading and/or banking programs. Separate declarations are 
required for each program and for each pollutant (i.e., NOX 
and particulate).
    (ii) Declare an FEL for each engine family participating in one or 
more of these three programs.
    (A) The FEL must be to the same level of significant digits as the 
emission standard (one-tenth of a gram per brake horsepower for 
NOX emissions and one-hundredth of a gram per brake 
horsepower-hour for particulate emissions).
    (B) In no case may the FEL exceed the upper limit prescribed in the 
section concerning the applicable heavy-duty engine NOX and 
particulate emission standards.
    (iii) Calculate the projected emission credits (+/-) based on 
quarterly production projections for each participating family and for 
each pollutant (NOX and particulate), using the applicable 
equation in paragraph (c) of this section and the applicable factors for 
the specific engine family.
    (iv)(A) Determine and state the source of the needed credits 
according to quarterly projected production for engine families 
requiring credits for certification.
    (B) State where the quarterly projected credits will be applied for 
engine families generating credits.
    (C) Credits may be obtained from or applied to only engine families 
within the same averaging set as described in paragraphs (d) and (e) of 
this section. Credits available for averaging, trading, or banking as 
defined in Sec. 86.090-2, may be applied exclusively to a given engine 
family, or reserved as defined in Sec. 86.091-2.
    (2) Based on this information each manufacturer's certification 
application must demonstrate:
    (i) That at the end of model year production, each engine family has 
a net emissions credit balance of zero or more using the methodology in 
paragraph (c) of this section with any credits obtained from averaging, 
trading or banking.
    (ii) The source of the credits to be used to comply with the 
emission standard if the FEL exceeds the standard, or where credits will 
be applied if the FEL is less than the emission standard. In cases where 
credits are being obtained, each engine family involved must state 
specifically the source (manufacturer/engine family) of the credits 
being used. In cases where credits are being generated/supplied, each 
engine family involved must state specifically the designated use 
(manufacturer/engine family or reserved) of the credits involved. All 
such reports shall include all credits involved in averaging, trading or 
banking.
    (3) During the model year manufacturers must:
    (i) Monitor projected versus actual production to be certain that 
compliance with the emission standards is achieved at the end of the 
model year.
    (ii) Provide the end-of-model year reports required under 
Sec. 86.091-23.
    (iii) For manufacturers participating in emission credit trading, 
maintain the quarterly records required under Sec. 86.091-7(c)(8).
    (4) Projected credits based on information supplied in the 
certification application may be used to obtain a certificate of 
conformity. However, any such credits may be revoked based on review of 
end-of-model year reports,

[[Page 233]]

follow-up audits, and any other compliance measures deemed appropriate 
by the Administrator.
    (5) Compliance under averaging, banking, and trading will be 
determined at the end of the model year. Engine families without an 
adequate amount of NOX and/or particulate emission credits 
will violate the conditions of the certificate of conformity. The 
certificates of conformity may be voided ab initio for engine families 
exceeding the emission standard.
    (6) If EPA or the manufacturer determines that a reporting error 
occurred on an end-of-year report previously submitted to EPA under this 
section, the manufacturer's credits and credit calculations will be 
recalculated. Erroneous positive credits will be void. Erroneous 
negative balances may be adjusted by EPA for retroactive use.
    (i) If EPA review of a manufacturer's end-of-year report indicates a 
credit shortfall, the manufacturer will be permitted to purchase the 
necessary credits to bring the credit balance for that engine family to 
zero, at the ratio of 1.2 credits purchased for every credit needed to 
bring the balance to zero. If sufficient credits are not available to 
bring the credit balance for the engine family in question to zero, EPA 
may void the certificate for that engine family ab initio.
    (ii) If within 180 days of receipt of the manufacturer's end-of-year 
report, EPA review determines a reporting error in the manufacturer's 
favor (i.e. resulting in a positive credit balance) or if the 
manufacturer discovers such an error within 180 days of EPA receipt of 
the end-of-year report, the credits will be restored for use by the 
manufacturer.
    (c)(1) For each participating engine family, NOX and 
particulate emission credits (positive or negative) are to be calculated 
according to one of the following equations and rounded, in accordance 
with ASTM E29-67, to the nearest one-tenth of a Megagram (Mg). 
Consistent units are to be used throughout the equation.

    For determining credit need for all engine families and credit 
availability for engine families generating credits for averaging 
programs only:

Emission credits = (Std FEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  
(10-6)

For determining credit availability for engine families generating 
credits for trading or banking programs:

Emission credits = (Std FEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  
(10-6)  x  (0.8)

Where:

Std = the current and applicable heavy-duty engine NOX or 
particulate emission standard in grams per brake horsepower hour or 
grams per Megajoule.
FEL = the NOX or particulate family emission limit for the 
engine family in grams per brake horsepower-hour or grams per Megajoule.
CF = a transient cycle conversion factor in BHP-hr/mi or MJ/mi, as given 
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
UL = the useful life, or alternative life as described in paragraph (f) 
of Sec. 86.090-21, for the given engine family in miles.
Production = the number of engines produced for U.S. sales within the 
given engine family during the model year. Quarterly production 
projections are used for initial certification. Actual production is 
used for end-of-year compliance determination.
0.8 = a one-time discount applied to all credits to be banked or traded 
within the model year generated. Banked credits traded in a subsequent 
model year will not be subject to an additional discount. Banked credits 
used in a subsequent model year's averaging program will not have the 
discount restored.

    (2) The transient cycle conversion factor is the total (integrated) 
cycle brake horsepower- hour or Megajoules, divided by the equivalent 
mileage of the applicable transient cycle. For Otto-cycle-heavy duty 
engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.3 miles. For diesel heavy-duty 
engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.5 miles. When more than one 
configuration is chosen by EPA to be tested in the certification of an 
engine family (as described in Sec. 86.085-24), the conversion factor 
used is to be based upon the configuration generating the highest 
conversion factor when determining credit need for a family and the 
lowest conversion factor when determining credit availability from a 
family for banking, trading and averaging.
    (d) Averaging sets for NOx emission credits: The 
averaging and trading of

[[Page 234]]

NOX emission credits will only be allowed between heavy-duty 
engine families in the same averaging set and in the same regional 
category. Engines produced for sale in California constitute a separate 
regional category than engines produced for sale in the other 49 states. 
Banking and trading are not applicable to engines sold in California. 
The averaging sets for the averaging and trading of NOX 
emission credits for heavy-duty engines are defined as follows:
    (1) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines:
    (i) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading among all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families is 
allowed. There are no subclass restrictions.
    (ii) Gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles certified under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.085-1 (b) may not average or trade credits with 
gasoline fueled heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines, but may average or trade 
credits with light-duty trucks.
    (2) For diesel cycle heavy-duty engines:
    (i) Each of the three primary intended service classes for heavy-
duty diesel engines, as defined in Sec. 86.090-2, constitute an 
averaging set. Averaging and trading among all diesel-cycle engine 
families within the same primary service class is allowed.
    (ii) Urban buses are treated as members of the primary intended 
service class where they otherwise would fall.
    (e) Averaging sets for particulate emission credits. The averaging 
and trading of particulate emission credits will only be allowed between 
diesel cycle heavy-duty engine families in the same averaging set and in 
the same regional category. Engines produced for sale in California 
constitute a separate regional category than engines produced for sale 
in the other 49 states. Banking and trading are not applicable to 
engines sold in California. The averaging sets for the averaging and 
trading of particulate emission credits for diesel cycle heavy-duty 
engines are defined as follows:
    (1) Engines intended for use in urban buses constitute a separate 
averaging set from all other heavy-duty engines. Averaging and trading 
between diesel cycle bus engine families is allowed.
    (2) For heavy-duty engines, exclusive of urban bus engines, each of 
the three primary intended service classes for heavy-duty diesel cycle 
engines, as defined in Sec. 86.090-2, constitute an averaging set. 
Averaging and trading between diesel-cycle engine families within the 
same primary service class is allowed.
    (3) Otto cycle engines may not participate in particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking.
    (f) Banking of NOX and particulate emission credits:
    (1) Credit deposits. (i) NOX and particulate emission 
credits may be banked from engine families produced in any model year.
    (ii) Manufacturers may bank credits only after the end of the model 
year and after actual credits have been reported to EPA in the end-of-
year report. During the model year and before submittal of the end-of-
year report, credits originally designated in the certification process 
for banking will be considered reserved and may be redesignated for 
trading or averaging.
    (2) Credit withdrawals. (i) After being generated, banked credits 
shall be available for use within three model years following the model 
year in which they were generated. Credits not used within the period 
specified above shall be forfeited.
    (ii) Manufacturers withdrawing banked emission credits shall 
indicate so during certification and in their credit reports, as 
described in Sec. 86.091-23.
    (3) Use of banked emission credits. The use of banked credits shall 
be within the averaging set and other restrictions described in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, and only for the following 
purposes:
    (i) Banked credits may be used in averaging, or in trading, or in 
any combination thereof, during the certification period. Credits 
declared for banking from the previous model year but not reported to 
EPA may also be used. However, if EPA finds that the reported credits 
can not be proven, they will be revoked and unavailable for use.
    (ii) Banked credits may not be used for NOX or 
particulate averaging and trading to offset emissions that exceed

[[Page 235]]

an FEL. Banked credits may not be used to remedy an in-use nonconformity 
determined by a Selective Enforcement Audit or by recall testing. 
However, banked credits may be used for subsequent production of the 
engine family if the manufacturer elects to recertify to a higher FEL.
    (g)(1) The following paragraphs assume NOX and 
particulate nonconformance penalties (NCPs) will be available for the 
1991 and later model year HDEs.
    (2) Engine families using NOX and/or particulate NCPs but 
not involved in averaging:
    (i) May not generate either NOX or particulate credits 
for banking and trading.
    (ii) May not use either NOX or particulate credits from 
banking and trading.
    (3) If a manufacturer has any engine family to which application of 
NCPs and banking and trading credits is desired, that family must be 
separated into two distinct families. One family, whose FEL equals the 
standard, must use NCPs only while the other, whose FEL does not equal 
the standard, must use credits only.
    (4) If a manufacturer has any engine family in a given averaging set 
which is using NOX and/or particulate NCPs, none of that 
manufacturer's engine families in that averaging set may generate 
credits for banking and trading.
    (h) In the event of a negative credit balance in a trading 
situation, both the buyer and the seller would be liable.
    (i) Certification fuel used for credit generation must be of a type 
that is both available in use and expected to be used by the engine 
purchaser. Therefore, upon request by the Administrator, the engine 
manufacturer must provide information acceptable to the Administrator 
that the designated fuel is readily available commercially and would be 
used in customer service.

[55 FR 30627, July 26, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 14110, Mar. 25, 1994; 
59 FR 50073, Sept. 30, 1994]



Sec. 86.094-16  Prohibition of defeat devices.

    (a) No new gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck 
shall be equipped with a defeat device.
    (b) The Administrator may test or require testing on any vehicle at 
a designated location, using driving cycles and conditions which may 
reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal operation and use, 
for the purposes of investigating a potential defeat device.
    (c) For cold temperature CO emission control, the Administrator will 
use a guideline to determine the appropriateness of the CO emission 
control at ambient temperatures between 25  deg.F (-4  deg.C) and 68 
deg.F (20  deg.C). The guideline for CO emission congruity across the 
intermediate temperature range is the linear interpolation between the 
CO standard applicable at 25  deg.F (-4  deg.C) and the CO standard 
applicable at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C). For vehicles that exceed this CO 
emissions guideline upon intermediate temperature cold testing:
    (1) If the CO emission level is greater than the 20  deg.F (-7 
deg.C) emission standard, the vehicle will automatically be considered 
to be equipped with a defeat device without further investigation.
    (2) If the CO emission level does not exceed the 20  deg.F emission 
standard, the Administrator may investigate the vehicle design for the 
presence of a defeat device under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (d) For vehicle designs designated by the Administrator to be 
investigated for possible defeat devices:
    (1) The manufacturer must show to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that the vehicle design does not incorporate strategies 
that unnecessarily reduce emission control effectiveness exhibited 
during the Federal emissions test procedure when the vehicle is operated 
under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in 
normal operation and use.
    (2) Information Submissions Required:
    (i) The manufacturer will provide an explanation containing detailed 
information (including information which the Administrator may request 
to be submitted) regarding test programs, engineering evaluations, 
design specifications, calibrations, on-board computer algorithms, and 
design strategies incorporated for operation both during and outside of 
the Federal emission test procedure.

[[Page 236]]

    (ii) For purposes of investigations of possible cold temperature CO 
defeat devices under this paragraph (d), the manufacturer shall provide 
an explanation which must show, to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator, that CO emissions are reasonably controlled in reference 
to the linear guideline, across the intermediate temperature range.

[57 FR 31900, July 17, 1992]



Sec. 86.094-17  Emission control diagnostic system for 1994 and later light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

    (a) All light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks shall be equipped 
with an emission control diagnostic system capable of identifying, for 
each vehicle's useful life, the following types of deterioration or 
malfunction which could cause emission increases greater than or 
exceeding the following threshold levels as measured and calculated in 
accordance with test procedures set forth in subpart B of this part. 
Paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this section do not apply to diesel 
cycle light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks. Paragraphs (a)(1) 
through (a)(4) of this section do not apply to natural gas-fueled light-
duty vehicles and light-duty trucks until the 1998 model year.
    (1) Catalyst deterioration before it results in both an exhaust 
emission exceedance of 0.6 g/mi HC and an exhaust emission increase of 
0.4 g/mi HC.
    (2) Engine misfire before it results in an exhaust emission increase 
of greater than 0.4 g/mi HC, 3.4 g/mi CO, or 1.0 g/mi NOX.
    (3) Oxygen sensor deterioration before it results in an exhaust 
emission increase of greater than 0.2 g/mi HC, 1.7 g/mi CO, or 0.5 g/mi 
NOX.
    (4) Any other deterioration or malfunction within the powertrain 
which occurs in actual use and which results in an exhaust emission 
increase of greater than 0.2 g/mi HC, 1.7 g/mi CO, or 0.5 g/mi 
NOX, or any vapor leak which results in an evaporative 
emissions increase of greater than 30.0 g/test measured over the first 
24 hours of the diurnal portion of the revised evaporative emissions 
test procedure, in accordance with test procedures set forth in subpart 
B of this part, for vehicles certified to that test procedure.
    (b)(1) The electronic evaporative emission purge control, if 
equipped, and all emission-related powertrain components connected to a 
computer shall, at a minimum, be monitored for circuit continuity. In 
lieu of monitoring circuit continuity, a functional system check may be 
performed provided the manufacturer can demonstrate that the functional 
check is equivalent or superior to the circuit continuity monitor. All 
components required by these regulations to be monitored shall be 
evaluated periodically, but no less frequently than once per Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Schedule as defined in appendix I, paragraph (a), of 
this part, or similar trip.
    (2) For non-diesel cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, 
the emission control diagnostic system shall at a minimum, monitor 
catalytic converters and oxygen sensors and shall detect misfiring 
cylinders.
    (3) Oxygen sensor deterioration or malfunction which renders that 
sensor incapable of performing its function as part of the OBD system 
shall be identified on vehicles so equipped.
    (c) The emission control diagnostic system shall incorporate a 
malfunction indicator light (MIL) readily visible to the vehicle 
operator. When illuminated, it shall display ``Check Engine,'' ``Service 
Engine Soon,'' or a similar phrase approved by the Administrator. A 
vehicle shall not be equipped with more than one general purpose 
malfunction indicator light for emission-related problems; separate 
specific purpose warning lights (e.g. brake system, fasten seat belt, 
oil pressure, etc.) are permitted. The use of red for the OBD-related 
malfunction indicator light is prohibited.
    (d) The MIL shall illuminate and remain illuminated when any of the 
conditions specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section are met, 
or whenever the engine control enters a default or secondary mode of 
operation. The MIL shall blink under any period of operation during 
which engine misfire is occurring at a level likely to cause catalyst 
damage as determined by the manufacturer. The MIL shall also illuminate 
when the vehicle's ignition is in

[[Page 237]]

the ``key-on'' position before engine starting or cranking and 
extinguish after engine starting if no malfunction has previously been 
detected. If a fuel system or engine misfire malfunction has previously 
been detected, the MIL may be extinguished if the malfunction does not 
reoccur during three subsequent sequential trips during which engine 
speed is within 375 rpm, engine load is within 10 percent, and the 
engine's warm-up status is the same as that under which the malfunction 
was first detected, and no new malfunctions have been detected. If any 
malfunction other than a fuel system or engine misfire malfunction has 
been detected, the MIL may be extinguished if the malfunction does not 
reoccur during three subsequent sequential trips during which the 
monitoring system responsible for illuminating the MIL functions without 
detecting the malfunction, and no new malfunctions have been detected.
    (e)(1) The emission control diagnostic system shall record code(s) 
indicating the status of the emission control system. Absent the 
presence of any fault codes, separate status codes shall be used to 
identify correctly functioning emission control systems and those 
emission control systems which need further vehicle operation to be 
fully evaluated. Fault codes shall be stored for deterioration or 
malfunction causing MIL illumination; the fault code shall identify the 
type of malfunction.
    (2) For a single misfiring cylinder, the fault code(s) shall 
identify the cylinder, unless the manufacturer submits data and/or an 
engineering evaluation which adequately demonstrate that the misfiring 
cylinder cannot be reliably identified under certain operating 
conditions; multiple misfiring cylinders need not be uniquely identified 
if a distinct multiple misfire fault code is stored.
    (3) A fault code shall be stored when the emission control system 
reverts to a default or secondary mode of operation.
    (4) The diagnostic system may erase a fault code if the same fault 
is not re-registered in at least 40 engine warm-up cycles, and the 
malfunction indicator light (see paragraph (d) of this section) is not 
illuminated for that fault code.
    (f) Available Diagnostic Signals. (1) Upon determination of the 
first malfunction of any component or system, ``freeze frame'' engine 
conditions present at the time shall be stored in computer memory. 
Should a subsequent fuel system or misfire malfunction occur, any 
previously stored freeze frame conditions shall be replaced by the fuel 
system or misfire conditions (whichever occurs first). Stored engine 
conditions shall include, but are not limited to: Engine speed, open or 
closed loop operation, fuel system commands, coolant temperature, 
calculated load value, fuel pressure, vehicle speed, air flow rate, and 
intake manifold pressure if the information needed to determine these 
conditions is available to the computer. For freeze frame storage, the 
manufacturer shall include the most appropriate set of conditions to 
facilitate effective repairs. If the fault code causing the conditions 
to be stored is erased in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, 
the stored engine conditions may also be erased.
    (2) The following signals in addition to the required freeze frame 
information shall be made available on demand through the serial port on 
the standardized data link connector, if the information is available to 
the on-board computer or can be determined using information available 
to the on-board computer: Diagnostic trouble codes, engine coolant 
temperature, fuel control system status (closed loop, open loop, other), 
fuel trim, ignition timing advance, intake air temperature, manifold air 
pressure, air flow rate, engine RPM, throttle position sensor output 
value, secondary air status (upstream, downstream, or atmosphere), 
calculated load value, vehicle speed, and fuel pressure. The signals 
shall be provided in standard units based on SAE specifications 
incorporated by reference in paragraph (h) of this section. Actual 
signals shall be clearly identified separately from default value or 
limp home signals. In addition, the capability to perform bi-directional 
diagnostic control based on SAE specifications shall be made available 
on demand through the serial port on the

[[Page 238]]

standardized data link connector per SAE specifications as referenced in 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (3) For all emission control components and systems for which 
specific on-board evaluation tests are conducted (catalyst, oxygen 
sensor, etc.), the results of the most recent test performed by the 
vehicle, and the limits to which the system is compared shall be 
available through the data link per SAE J1979 specifications as 
referenced in paragraph (h) of this section beginning no later than the 
1997 model year. The Administrator may allow a pass/fail indication for 
the most recent test results for those monitored components and systems 
for which such an indication is more appropriate (e.g., misfire 
detection, fuel system monitoring, etc.).
    (4) The OBD requirements to which the vehicle is certified (i.e., 
California OBD II or Federal OBD), and the major emission control 
systems monitored by the OBD system consistent with paragraph (h)(3) of 
this section, shall be available through the serial data port on the 
standardized data link connector per SAE specifications as referenced in 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (g) The emission control diagnostic system is not required to 
evaluate components during malfunction conditions if such evaluation 
would result in a risk to safety or component failure.
    (h) The emission control diagnostic system shall provide for 
standardized access and conform with the following Society of Automotive 
Engineers (SAE) standards. The following SAE documents are incorporated 
by reference. This incorporation by reference was approved by the 
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 
1 CFR part 51. Copies of the SAE documents may be obtained from the 
Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Copies may be inspected at Docket No. A-90-35 
at EPA's Air docket (LE-131), room 1500 M, 1st Floor, Waterside Mall, 
401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC, or at the Office of the Federal 
Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC.
    (1) SAE J1850 ``Class B Data Communication Network Interface,'' 
(AUG91) shall be used as the on-board to off-board communications 
protocol. All emission related messages sent to the scan tool over a 
J1850 data link shall use the Cyclic Redundancy Check and the three byte 
header, and shall not use inter-byte separation or checksums.
    (2) Basic diagnostic data (as specified in Sec. 86.094-17(f)) shall 
be provided in the format and units in SAE J1979 ``E/E Diagnostic Test 
Modes,'' (DEC91). Basic bi-directional diagnostic capability shall be 
available and be consistent with SAE J1979 messages.
    (3) Fault codes shall be consistent with SAE J2012 ``Recommended 
Format and Messages for Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions,'' (MAR92) 
Part C.
    (4) The connection interface between the OBD system and test 
equipment and diagnostic tools shall meet the functional requirements of 
SAE J1962 ``Diagnostic Connector,'' (JUN92).
    (5) Limitation of Access--Any limitation of access to the diagnostic 
system shall be consistent with Sec. 86.094-18. Access to vehicle 
calibration data, vehicle odometer, and keyless entry codes can be 
limited under the provisions of Sec. 86.094.
    (i) Upon application by the manufacturer, the Administrator may 
either waive the requirements of this section for specific components of 
any class or category of light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks for 
model years 1994 or 1995 (or both), or through the 1999 model year, the 
Administrator may accept an OBD system as compliant even though specific 
requirements are not fully met. Such waivers or compliances without 
meeting specific requirements will be granted only if compliance would 
be infeasible or unreasonable considering such factors as, but not 
limited to, technical feasibility, lead time and production cycles 
including phase-in or phase-out of engines or vehicle designs and 
programmed upgrades of computers, and if any unmet requirements are not 
carried over from the previous model year except where unreasonable 
hardware modifications would be necessary to correct the non-compliance, 
and the manufacturer has

[[Page 239]]

demonstrated an acceptable level of effort toward compliance as 
determined by the Administrator. For alternate fueled vehicles (i.e. 
natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or methanol), beginning with the 
model year for which alternate fuel emission standards are applicable 
and extending through the 1999 model year, manufacturers may request the 
Administrator to waive specific monitoring requirements of this section 
for which monitoring may not be reliable with respect to the use of the 
alternate fuel. At a minimum, all vehicles covered by this section, 
including those receiving a waiver as described in this paragraph, shall 
be equipped with an OBD system meeting either the California OBD I 
requirements, or some acceptable portion of the California OBD II or 
federal OBD requirements as specified in this section, except that for 
the 1994 and 1995 model years EPA may grant a waiver to a system less 
than OBD I giving consideration to such factors as manufacturer 
projections of very low sales volume for an engine family (e.g., 5000 or 
less), scheduled phase-out of significant engine technology with the 
1994 or 1995 model years for that engine family, and whether or not the 
engine, or any similar engine within the manufacturer's product line, 
has ever been equipped with an OBD I or similar OBD system.
    (j) Demonstration of compliance with California OBD II requirements 
(Title 13 California Code section 1968.1)as modified pursuant to 
California Mail Out 95-34 (September 26, 1995), shall satisfy the 
requirements of this section through the 1998 model year except that 
compliance with Title 13 California Code section 1968.1(d), pertaining 
to tampering protection, is not required to satisfy the requirements of 
this section.

[58 FR 9485, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48497, Sept. 21, 1994; 
59 FR 15247, Mar. 23, 1995; 60 FR 37945, July 25, 1995; 60 FR 39266, 
Aug. 2, 1995; 61 FR 45903, Aug. 30, 1996; 63 FR 7719, Feb. 17, 1998]



Sec. 86.094-21  Application for certification.

    (a) A separate application for a certificate of conformity shall be 
made for each set of standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) and each class of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle 
engines. Such application shall be made to the Administrator by the 
manufacturer and shall be updated and corrected by amendment.
    (b) The application shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer, and shall include the following:
    (1)(i) Identification and description of the vehicles (or engines) 
covered by the application and a description of their engine (vehicles 
only), emission control system, and fuel system components. This 
description will include:
    (A) A detailed description of each Auxiliary Emission Control Device 
(AECD) to be installed in or on any vehicle (or engine) covered by the 
application;
    (B) A detailed justification of each AECD (described in (b)(1)(i)(A) 
of this section) which results in a reduction in effectiveness of the 
emission control system. Such a justification may be disapproved by 
consideration of currently available technology, whereupon the 
application for certification may be disapproved under Sec. 86.094-22(b) 
for the incorporation of a defeat device;
    (C) The manufacturer must submit a Statement of Compliance in the 
application for certification which attests to the fact that they have 
assured themselves that the engine family is designed to be within the 
intermediate temperature cold testing defeat device guidance as 
described in Sec. 86.094-16.
    (1) This Statement of Compliance will be supported by a brief 
description of the vehicle's technological method of controlling CO 
emissions at intermediate temperatures.
    (2) The manufacturer will determine a method (e.g., a test program, 
an engineering evaluation) which is adequate to support their Statement 
of Compliance. The manufacturer will support this Statement with a brief 
summary of the chosen method. Further details must be made available 
upon the Administrator's request.
    (ii)(A) The manufacturer shall provide to the Administrator in the 
application for certification:

[[Page 240]]

    (1) A list of those parameters which are physically capable of being 
adjusted (including those adjustable parameters for which access is 
difficult) and that, if adjusted to settings other than the 
manufacturer's recommended setting, may affect emissions;
    (2) A specification of the manufacturer's intended physically 
adjustable range of each such parameter, and the production tolerances 
of the limits or stops used to establish the physically adjustable 
range;
    (3) A description of the limits or stops used to establish the 
manufacturer's intended physically adjustable range of each adjustable 
parameter, or any other means used to inhibit adjustment;
    (4) The nominal or recommended setting, and the associated 
production tolerances, for each such parameter.
    (B) The manufacturer may provide, in the application for 
certification, information relating to why certain parameters are not 
expected to be adjusted in actual use and to why the physical limits or 
stops used to establish the physically adjustable range of each 
parameter, or any other means used to inhibit adjustment, are effective 
in preventing adjustment of parameters on in-use vehicles to settings 
outside the manufacturer's intended physically adjustable ranges. This 
may include results of any tests to determine the difficulty of gaining 
access to an adjustment or exceeding a limit as intended or recommended 
by the manufacturer.
    (C) The Administrator may require to be provided detailed drawings 
and descriptions of the various emission related components, and/or 
hardware samples of such components, for the purpose of making his 
determination of which vehicle or engine parameter will be subject to 
adjustment for new certification and Selective Enforcement Audit testing 
and of the physically adjustable range for each such vehicle or engine 
parameter.
    (2) Projected U.S. sales data sufficient to enable the Administrator 
to select a test fleet representative of the vehicles (or engines) for 
which certification is requested, and, for model year 1994 through 1995 
light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks and model year 1996 
heavy light-duty trucks, data sufficient to determine projected 
compliance with the Tier 1 standards implementation schedules of 
Secs. 86.094-8 and 86.094-9. The data shall also include the altitude of 
intended sale for model year 1994 light-duty trucks certified to the 
Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9. Volume projected to be produced for 
U.S. sale may be used in lieu of projected U.S. sales.
    (3) A description of the test equipment and fuel proposed to be 
used.
    (4)(i) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a description 
of the test procedures to be used to establish the evaporative emission 
deterioration factors required to be determined and supplied in 
Sec. 86.094-23(b)(2).
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled engines, the Administrator does not assume that each 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination will deteriorate in a unique manner during the useful life 
of the vehicle. The manufacturer shall therefore identify those 
evaporative emission deterioration factors which shall be applied to the 
various evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combinations which are expected to exhibit similar deterioration 
characteristics during the useful life of the vehicle.
    (5)(i)(A) A description of the test procedures to be used to 
establish the durability data or the exhaust emission deterioration 
factors required to be determined and supplied in Sec. 86.094-23(b)(1).
    (B) For each light-duty truck engine family provided an optional 
useful life period under the provisions of paragraph (f) of this 
section, and for each heavy-duty engine family, a statement of the 
useful life.
    (C) For engine families provided an alternative useful-life period 
under paragraph (f) of this section, a statement of that alternative 
period and a brief synopsis of the justification.
    (ii) For heavy-duty diesel engine families, a statement of the 
primary intended service class (light, medium, or heavy) and an 
explanation as to why that service class was selected. Each diesel 
engine family shall be certified under one primary intended service

[[Page 241]]

class only. After reviewing the guidance in Sec. 86.090-2, the class 
shall be determined on the basis of which class best represents the 
majority of the sales of that engine family.
    (iii)(A) For each light-duty vehicle engine family, each light-duty 
truck engine family, and each heavy-duty engine family, a statement of 
recommended maintenance and procedures necessary to assure that the 
vehicles (or engines) covered by a certificate of conformity in 
operation conform to the regulations, and a description of the program 
for training of personnel for such maintenance, and the equipment 
required.
    (B) A description of vehicle adjustments or modifications necessary, 
if any, to assure that light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks covered 
by a certificate of conformity conform to the regulations while being 
operated at any altitude locations, and a statement of the altitude at 
which the adjustments or modifications apply.
    (iv) At the option of the manufacturer, the proposed composition of 
the emission data test fleet or (where applicable) the durability data 
test fleet.
    (6) Participation in averaging programs--(i) Particulate averaging. 
(A) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the particulate 
averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and/or diesel light-
duty trucks or the particulate averaging program for heavy-duty diesel 
engines, the application must list the family particulate emission limit 
and the projected U.S. production volume of the family for the model 
year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family 
particulate emission limits, accurate to hundredth of a gram per mile or 
hundredth of a gram per brake horsepowerhour for heavy-duty engines.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family particulate emission limit(s) by 
submitting the new limit(s) to the Administrator and by demonstrating 
compliance with the limit(s) as described in Secs. 86.090-2 and 86.094-
28(b)(5)(i).
    (ii) NOx averaging. (A) If the manufacturer elects to 
participate in the NOX averaging program for light-duty 
trucks or the NOX averaging program for heavy-duty engines, 
the application must list the family NOX emission limit and 
the projected U.S. production volume of the family for the model year.
    (B) The manufacturer shall choose the level of the family 
NOX emission limits, accurate to one-tenth of a gram per mile 
or to one-tenth of a gram per brake horsepower-hour for heavy-duty 
engines.
    (C) The manufacturer may at any time during production elect to 
change the level of any family NOX emission limit(s) by 
submitting the new limits to the Administrator and by demonstrating 
compliance with the limit(s) as described in Secs. 86.088-2 and 86.094-
28(b)(5)(ii).
    (7)(i) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, the application must state 
whether the engine family is being certified for use in all vehicles 
regardless of their Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (see Sec. 86.091-10 
(a)(1)(i) and (a)(3)(i)), or only for use in vehicles with a Gross 
Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 14,000 pounds.
    (ii) If the engine family is being certified for use in all vehicles 
and is being certified to the emission standards applicable to Otto-
cycle engines for use only in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight 
Rating over 14,000 pounds under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3), 
then the application must also attest that the engine family, together 
with all other engine families being certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3), represent no more than 5 percent of model year 
sales of the manufacturer of all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines for use 
in vehicles with Gross Vehicle Weight Ratings of up to 14,000 pounds.
    (8) For each light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck engine family, 
the exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) to which the engine family is to be certified, and the 
corresponding exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) which the engine family must meet in-use.
    (c) Complete copies of the application and of any amendments 
thereto, and all notifications under Secs. 86.079-32,

[[Page 242]]

86.079-33, and 86.082-34 shall be submitted in such multiple copies as 
the Administrator may require.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks shall have a maximum completed curb 
weight and maximum completed frontal area specified by the manufacturer.
    (e) For vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines, the manufacturer shall specify a maximum nominal 
fuel tank capacity for each evaporative emission family-evaporative 
emission control system combination.
    (f) Light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine manufacturers who believe 
that the useful life periods of Sec. 86.094-2 are significantly 
unrepresentative for one or more engine families (either too long or too 
short), may petition the Administrator to provide an alternative useful-
life period. This petition must include the full rationale behind the 
request together with any supporting data and other evidence. Based on 
this or other information the Administrator may assign an alternative 
useful-life period. Any petition should be submitted in a timely manner, 
to allow adequate time for a thorough evaluation. For model year 1994 
and later light-duty trucks not subject to the Tier 0 standards of 
Sec. 86.094-9, alternative useful life periods will be granted only for 
THC, THCE, and idle CO requirements.
    (g) The manufacturer shall identify those families which will not 
comply with cold temperature carbon monoxide standards.
    (h) For each engine family incorporating an emission control 
diagnostic system, the manufacturer shall submit the following 
information:
    (1) Detailed written information fully describing the functional 
operation characteristics of the diagnostic system.
    (2) The general method of detecting malfunctions for each emission-
related powertrain component.
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) For methanol-fueled vehicles, the manufacturer shall specify:
    (1) Whether the vehicle is a flexible fuel vehicle or a dedicated 
vehicle (manufacturers must obtain advance approval from the 
Administrator to classify methanol-fueled vehicles that can use gasoline 
as dedicated vehicles); and
    (2) The fuel(s) (i.e., the percent methanol) for which the vehicle 
was designed.

[58 FR 4009, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 9487, Feb. 19, 1993, 60 
FR 34335, June 30, 1995; 63 FR 70694, Dec. 22, 1998]



Sec. 86.094-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment for certification and 

          Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of limits, and 
          physically adjustable ranges.

    (a) After a review of the application for certification and any 
other information which the Administrator may require, the Administrator 
may approve the application and select a test fleet in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-24.
    (b) Disapproval of application. (1) The Administrator may disapprove 
in whole or in part an application for certification for reasons 
including incompleteness, inaccuracy, inappropriate proposed mileage (or 
service) accumulation procedures, test equipment, or fuel; or 
incorporation of defeat devices in vehicles (or on engines) described by 
the application.
    (2) The issuance of a certificate of conformity does not exempt the 
covered vehicles from further evaluation or testing for defeat device 
purposes as described in Sec. 86.094-16.
    (c) Where any part of an application is rejected, the Administrator 
shall notify the manufacturer in writing and set forth the reasons for 
such rejection. Within 30 days following receipt of such notification, 
the manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determination. The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer and shall include a statement 
specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's 
determinations, and data in support of such objections. If, after the 
review of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that 
the request raises a substantial factual issue, he shall provide the 
manufacturer a hearing in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to 
such issue.
    (d) Approval of test procedures. (1) The Administrator does not 
approve the

[[Page 243]]

test procedures for establishing the evaporative emission deterioration 
factors for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. The manufacturer 
shall submit the procedures as required in Sec. 86.094-21(b)(4)(i) prior 
to the Administrator's selection of the test fleet under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(1), and if such procedures will involve testing of durability data 
vehicles selected by the Administrator or elected by the manufacturer 
under Sec. 86.094-24(c)(1), prior to initiation of such testing.
    (2) Light-duty trucks using the Standard Self-Approval durability 
Program and heavy-duty engines only. The Administrator does not approve 
the test procedures for establishing exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for light-duty trucks using the Standard Self-Approval 
Durability Program described in Sec. 86.094-13(f) nor for heavy-duty 
engines. The manufacturer shall submit these procedures and 
determinations as required in Sec. 86.094-21(b)(5)(i) prior to 
determining the deterioration factors.
    (3) Heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-
fueled engines only. The Administrator does not approve the test 
procedures for establishing the evaporative emission deterioration 
factors. The test procedure will conform to the requirements in 
Sec. 86.094-23(b)(3).
    (e) Parameter adjustment requirements. When the Administrator 
selects emission data vehicles for the test fleet, he will at the same 
time determine those vehicle or engine parameters which will be subject 
to adjustment for certification, Selective Enforcement Audit and 
Production Compliance Audit testing, the adequacy of the limits, stops, 
seals, or other means used to inhibit adjustment, and the resulting 
physically adjustable ranges for each such parameter and will then 
notify the manufacturer of his determinations.
    (1) Determining parameters subject to adjustment. (i) Except as 
noted in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section, the Administrator may 
determine to be subject to adjustment the idle fuel-air mixture 
parameter on Otto-cycle vehicles (or engines) (carbureted or fuel-
injected); the choke valve action parameter(s) on carbureted, Otto-cycle 
vehicles (or engines); or any parameter on any vehicle (or engine) 
(Otto-cycle or diesel) which is physically capable of being adjusted, 
may significantly affect emissions, and was not present on the 
manufacturer's vehicles (or engines) in the previous model year in the 
same form and function.
    (ii) The Administrator may, in addition, determine to be subject to 
adjustment any other parameters on any vehicle or engine which is 
physically capable of being adjusted and which may significantly affect 
emissions. However, the Administrator may do so only if he has 
previously notified the manufacturer that he might do so and has found, 
at the time he gave this notice, that the intervening period would be 
adequate to permit the development and application of the requisite 
technology, giving appropriate consideration to the cost of compliance 
within such period. In no event will this notification be given later 
than September 1 of the calendar year two years prior to the model year.
    (iii) In determining the parameters subject to adjustment, the 
Administrator will consider the likelihood that, for each of the 
parameters listed in paragraphs (e)(1) (i) and (ii) of this section, 
settings other than the manufacturer's recommended setting will occur on 
in-use vehicles (or engines). In determining likelihood, the 
Administrator may consider such factors as, but not limited to, 
information contained in the preliminary application, surveillance 
information from similar in-use vehicles (or engines), the difficulty 
and cost of gaining access to an adjustment, damage to the vehicle (or 
engine) if an attempt is made to gain such access and the need to 
replace parts following such attempt, and the effect of settings other 
than the manufacturer's recommended setting on vehicle (or engine) 
performance characteristics including emission characteristics.
    (iv) Manual chokes of heavy-duty engines only will not be considered 
a parameter subject to adjustment under the parameter adjustment 
requirements.
    (2)(i) The Administrator shall determine a parameter to be 
adequately inaccessible or sealed if:

[[Page 244]]

    (A) In the case of an idle mixture screw, the screw is recessed 
within the carburetor casting and sealed with lead, thermosetting 
plastic, or an inverted elliptical spacer or sheared off after 
adjustment at the factory, and the inaccessibility is such that the 
screw cannot be accessed and/or adjusted with simple tools in one-half 
hour or for $20 (1978 dollars) or less;
    (B) In the case of a choke bimetal spring, the plate covering the 
bimetal spring is riveted or welded in place, or held in place with 
nonreversible screws;
    (C) In the case of a parameter which may be adjusted by elongating 
or bending adjustable members (e.g., the choke vacuum break), the 
elongation of the adjustable member is limited by design or, in the case 
of a bendable member, the member is constructed of a material which when 
bent would return to its original shape after the force is removed 
(plastic or spring steel materials);
    (D) In the case of any parameter, the manufacturer demonstrates that 
adjusting the parameter to settings other than the manufacturer's 
recommended setting takes more than one-half hour or costs more than $20 
(1978 dollars).
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine a physical limit or stop to 
be an adequate restraint on adjustability if:
    (A) In the case of a threaded adjustment, the threads are 
terminated, pinned, or crimped so as to prevent additional travel 
without breakage or need for repairs which take more than one-half hour 
or cost more than $20 (1978 dollars);
    (B) The adjustment is ineffective at the end of the limits of travel 
regardless of additional forces or torques applied to the adjustment;
    (C) The manufacturer demonstrates that travel or rotation limits 
cannot be exceeded with the use of simple and inexpensive tools 
(screwdriver, pliers, open-end or box wrenches, etc.) without incurring 
significant and costly damage to the vehicle (or engine) or control 
system or without taking more than one-half hour or costing more than 
$20 (1978 dollars).
    (iii) If manufacturer service manuals or bulletins describe routine 
procedures for gaining access to a parameter or for removing or 
exceeding a physical limit, stop, seal or other means used to inhibit 
adjustment, or if surveillance data indicate that gaining access, 
removing, or exceeding is likely, paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this 
section shall not apply for that parameter.
    (iv) In determining the adequacy of a physical limit, stop, seal, or 
other means used to inhibit adjustment of a parameter not covered by 
paragraph (e)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section, the Administrator will 
consider the likelihood that it will be circumvented, removed, or 
exceeded on in-use vehicles. In determining likelihood, the 
Administrator may consider such factors as, but not limited to, 
information contained in the preliminary application; surveillance 
information from similar in-use vehicles (or engines); the difficulty 
and cost of circumventing, removing, or exceeding the limit, stop, seal, 
or other means; damage to the vehicle (or engine) if an attempt is made 
to circumvent, remove, or exceed it and the need to replace parts 
following such attempt; and the effect of settings beyond the limit, 
stop, seal, or other means on vehicle (or engine) performance 
characteristics other than emission characteristics.
    (3) The Administrator shall determine two physically adjustable 
ranges for each parameter subject to adjustment:
    (i)(A) In the case of a parameter determined to be adequately 
inaccessible or sealed, the Administrator may include within the 
physically adjustable range applicable to testing under this subpart 
(certification testing) all settings within the production tolerance 
associated with the nominal setting for that parameter, as specified by 
the manufacturer in the preliminary application for certification; or
    (B) In the case of other parameters, the Administrator shall include 
within this range all settings within physical limits or stops 
determined to be adequate restraints on adjustability. The Administrator 
may also include the production tolerances on the location of these 
limits or stops when determining the physically adjustable range.
    (ii)(A) In the case of a parameter determined to be adequately 
inaccessible

[[Page 245]]

or sealed, the Administrator shall include within the physically 
adjustable range applicable to testing under subparts G or K (Selective 
Enforcement Audit and Production Compliance Audit) only the actual 
settings to which the parameter is adjusted during production; or
    (B) In the case of other parameters, the Administrator shall include 
within this range all settings within physical limits or stops 
determined to be adequate restraints on adjustability, as they are 
actually located on the test vehicle (or engine).
    (f) Submittal of advance information. (1) If the manufacturer 
submits the information specified in Sec. 86.094-21(b)(1)(ii) in advance 
of its full preliminary application for certification, the Administrator 
shall review the information and make the determinations required in 
paragraph (e) of this section within 90 days of the manufacturer's 
submittal.
    (2) The 90-day decision period is exclusive of the elapsed time 
during which EPA may request additional information from manufacturers 
regarding an adjustable parameter and the receipt of the manufacturers' 
response(s).
    (g) Within 30 days following receipt of notification of the 
Administrator's determinations made under paragraph (e) of this section, 
the manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determinations. The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer, and shall include a statement 
specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's 
determinations, and data in support of such objections. If, after review 
of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the 
request raises a substantial factual issue, he shall provide the 
manufacturer a hearing in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to 
such issue.

[48 FR 4010, Jan. 12, 1993]



Sec. 86.094-23  Required data.

    (a) The manufacturer shall perform the tests required by the 
applicable test procedures and submit to the Administrator the 
information described in paragraphs (b) through (l) of this section, 
provided, however, that if requested by the manufacturer, the 
Administrator may waive any requirement of this section for testing of 
vehicle (or engine) for which emission data are available or will be 
made available under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-29.
    (b) Durability data. (1)(i) The manufacturer shall submit exhaust 
emission durability data on such light-duty vehicles tested in 
accordance with applicable test procedures and in such numbers as 
specified, which will show the performance of the systems installed on 
or incorporated in the vehicle for extended mileage, as well as a record 
of all pertinent maintenance performed on the test vehicles.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall submit exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines and all test data 
that are derived from the testing described under Sec. 86.094-
21(b)(5)(i)(A), as well as a record of all pertinent maintenance. Such 
testing shall be designed and conducted in accordance with good 
engineering practice to assure that the engines covered by a certificate 
issued under Sec. 86.094-30 will meet each emission standard (or family 
emission limit, as appropriate) in Sec. 86.094-9, Sec. 86.091-10, or 
Sec. 86.094-11 as appropriate, in actual use for the useful life 
applicable to that standard.
    (2) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the manufacturer 
shall submit evaporative emission deterioration factors for each 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination and all test data that are derived from testing described 
under Sec. 86.094-21(b)(4)(i) designed and conducted in accordance with 
good engineering practice to assure that the vehicles covered by a 
certificate issued under Sec. 86.094-30 will meet the evaporative 
emission standards in Sec. 86.094-8 or Sec. 86.094-9, as appropriate, 
for the useful life of the vehicle.
    (3) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural 
gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled engines, 
evaporative emission deterioration factors for each evaporative emission 
family-evaporative emission control system combination identified in 
accordance with Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(ii). Furthermore, a statement that 
the test procedure(s)

[[Page 246]]

used to derive the deterioration factors includes, but need not be 
limited to, a consideration of the ambient effects of ozone and 
temperature fluctuations and the service accumulation effects of 
vibration, time, vapor saturation and purge cycling. The deterioration 
factor test procedure shall be designed and conducted in accordance with 
good engineering practice to assure that the vehicles covered by a 
certificate issued under Sec. 86.091-30 will meet the evaporative 
emission standards in Sec. 86.091-10 and Sec. 86.091-11 in actual use 
for the useful life of the engine. Furthermore, a statement that a 
description of the test procedure, as well as all data, analyses and 
evaluations, is available to the Administrator upon request.
    (4)(i) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
up to 26,000 pounds and equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled engines, a 
written statement to the Administrator certifying that the 
manufacturer's vehicles meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or 
Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator 
that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations and other 
documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
greater than 26,000 pounds and equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural 
gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled engines, a 
written statement to the Administrator certifying that the 
manufacturer's evaporative emission control systems are designed, using 
good engineering practice, to meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or 
Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator 
that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations and other 
documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (c) Emission data. (1) Emission data, including in the case of 
methanol fuel, methanol, formaldehyde and total hydrocarbon equivalent, 
exhaust methane data in the case of vehicles meeting a non-methane 
hydrocarbon standard on such vehicles tested in accordance with 
applicable test procedures and in such numbers as specified. These data 
shall include zero-mile data, if generated, and emission data generated 
for certification as required under Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(i) or 
Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(ii). In lieu of providing emission data the 
Administrator may, on request of the manufacturer, allow the 
manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, 
development tests or other information) that the engine will conform 
with certain applicable emission standards of Sec. 86.094-8 or 
Sec. 86.094-9. Standards eligible for such manufacturer requests are 
those for idle CO emissions, smoke emissions, or particulate emissions 
from methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled diesel-cycle certification vehicles, on evaporative emissions or 
refueling emissions from natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled vehicles (light-duty and heavy-duty), and those for particulate 
emissions from model year 1994 and later gasoline-fueled, methanol-
fueled, natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle 
certification vehicles that are not certified to the Tier 0 standards of 
Sec. 86.094-9 (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), or Sec. 86.094-8(a)(1)(i). Also 
eligible for such requests are standards for total hydrocarbon emissions 
from model year 1994 and later certification vehicles that are not 
certified to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9 (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) 
or Sec. 86.094-8(a)(1)(i). By separate request, including appropriate 
supporting test data, the manufacturer may request that the 
Administrator also waive the requirement to measure particulate 
emissions when conducting Selective Enforcement Audit testing of Otto-
cycle vehicles, or the requirement to measure evaporative emissions when 
conducting Selective Enforcement Audit testing of natural gas or 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles.
    (2) Certification engines. (i) Emission data on such engines tested 
in accordance with applicable emission test procedures of this subpart 
and in such numbers as specified. These data shall include zero-hour 
data, if generated,

[[Page 247]]

and emission data generated for certification as required under 
Sec. 86.090-26(c)(4). In lieu of providing emission data on idle CO 
emissions, smoke emissions or particulate emissions from methanol-
fueled, natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel 
certification engines, or on CO emissions from petroleum-fueled, natural 
gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, or methanol-fueled diesel 
certification engines the Administrator may, on request of the 
manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of 
previous emission tests, development tests or other information) that 
the engine will conform with the applicable emission standards of 
Sec. 86.091-11, or Sec. 86.094-11.
    (ii) For heavy-duty diesel engines, a manufacturer may submit hot-
start data only, in accordance with subpart N of this part, when making 
application for certification. However, for conformity Selective 
Enforcement Audit and recall testing by the Agency, both the cold-start 
and hot-start test data, as specified in subpart N of this part, will be 
included in the official results.
    (d) The manufacturer shall submit a statement that the vehicles (or 
engines) for which certification is requested conform to the 
requirements in Sec. 86.084-5(b), and that the descriptions of tests 
performed to ascertain compliance with the general standards in 
Sec. 86.084-5(b), and that the data derived from such tests are 
available to the Administrator upon request.
    (e)(1) The manufacturer shall submit a statement that the test 
vehicles (or test engines) for which data are submitted to demonstrate 
compliance with the applicable standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart are in all material respects as described 
in the manufacturer's application for certification, that they have been 
tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures utilizing the 
fuels and equipment described in the application for certification, and 
that on the basis of such tests the vehicles (or engines) conform to the 
requirements of this part. If such statements cannot be made with 
respect to any vehicle (or engine) tested, the vehicle (or engine) shall 
be identified, and all pertinent data relating thereto shall be supplied 
to the Administrator. If, on the basis of the data supplied and any 
additional data as required by the Administrator, the Administrator 
determines that the test vehicles (or test engine) was not as described 
in the application for certification or was not tested in accordance 
with the applicable test procedures utilizing the fuels and equipment as 
described in the application for certification, the Administrator may 
make the determination that the vehicle (or engine) does not meet the 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate). The 
provisions of Sec. 86.094-30(b) shall then be followed.
    (2) For evaporative emission durability, or light-duty truck or 
heavy-duty engine exhaust emission durability, the manufacturer shall 
submit a statement of compliance with paragraph (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2), or 
(b)(3) of this section, as applicable.
    (f) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the particulate 
averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and diesel light-duty 
trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is requested will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
particulate standard(s) to be exceeded; and
    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in one of the diesel particulate 
averaging programs, the number of vehicles produced in each engine 
family at each certified particulate FEL, along with the resulting 
production-weighted average particulate emission level.
    (g) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the NOX 
averaging program for light-duty trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is required will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
NOX standard(s) to be exceeded; and

[[Page 248]]

    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in the NOX averaging 
program, the number of vehicles produced in each engine family at each 
certified NOX emission level.
    (h) Additionally, manufacturers participating in any of the 
NOX and/or particulate averaging, trading, or banking 
programs for heavy-duty engines shall submit for each participating 
family the items listed in paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this 
section.
    (1) Application for certification. (i) The application for 
certification will include a statement that the engines for which 
certification is requested will not, to the best of the manufacturer's 
belief, when included in any of the averaging, trading, or banking 
programs cause the applicable NOX or particulate standard(s) 
to be exceeded.
    (ii) The application for certification will also include the type 
(NOX or particulate) and the projected number of credits 
generated/needed for this family, the applicable averaging set, the 
projected U.S. (49-state) production volumes, by quarter, NCPs in use on 
a similar family and the values required to calculate credits as given 
in Sec. 86.094-15. Manufacturers shall also submit how and where credit 
surpluses are to be dispersed and how and through what means credit 
deficits are to be met, as explained in Sec. 86.094-15. The application 
must project that each engine family will be in compliance with the 
applicable NOX and/or particulate emission standards based on 
the engine mass emissions, and credits from averaging, trading and 
banking.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) End-of-year report. The manufacturer shall submit end-of-year 
reports for each engine family participating in any of the averaging, 
trading, or banking programs, as described in paragraphs (h)(3) (i) 
through (iv) of this section.
    (i) These reports shall be submitted within 90 days of the end of 
the model year to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division (EN-
340F), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., 
Washington, DC 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the engine family, the averaging 
set, the actual U.S. (49-state) production volume, the values required 
to calculate credits as given in Sec. 86.094-15, the resulting type 
(NOX or particulate) and number of credits generated/
required, and the NCPs in use on a similar NCP family. Manufacturers 
shall also submit how and where credit surpluses were dispersed (or are 
to be banked) and how and through what means credit deficits were met. 
Copies of contracts related to credit trading must also be included or 
supplied by the broker if applicable. The report shall also include a 
calculation of credit balances to show that net mass emissions balances 
are within those allowed by the emission standards (equal to or greater 
than a zero credit balance). The credit discount factor described in 
Sec. 86.094-15 must be included as required.
    (iii) The 49-state production counts for end-of-year reports shall 
be based on the location of the first point of retail sale (e.g., 
customer, dealer, secondary manufacturer) by the manufacturer.
    (iv) Errors discovered by EPA or the manufacturer in the end-of-year 
report, including changes in the 49 state production counts, may be 
corrected up to 180 days subsequent to submission of the end-of-year 
report. Errors discovered by EPA after 180 days shall be corrected if 
credits are reduced. Errors in the manufacturer's favor will not be 
corrected if discovered after the 180 day correction period allowed.
    (i) Failure by a manufacturer participating in the averaging, 
trading, or banking programs to submit any quarterly or end-of-year 
report (as applicable) in the specified time for all vehicles and 
engines that are part of an averaging set is a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)) for each such 
vehicle and engine.
    (j) Failure by a manufacturer generating credits for deposit only in 
either the HDE NOX or particulate banking programs to submit 
their end-of-year reports in the applicable specified time period (i.e., 
90 days after the end of the model year) shall result in the credits not 
being available for use until such reports are received and reviewed by 
EPA. Use of projected credits pending EPA review will not be permitted 
in these circumstances.

[[Page 249]]

    (k) Engine families certified using NCPs are not required to meet 
the requirements outlined in paragraphs (f) through (j) of this section.
    (l) Additionally, manufacturers certifying vehicles shall submit for 
each model year 1994 through 1997 light-duty vehicle and light light-
duty truck engine family and each model year 1996 through 1998 heavy 
light-duty truck engine family the information listed in paragraphs (l) 
(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Application for certification. In the application for 
certification, the manufacturer shall submit the projected sales volume 
of engine families certifying to the respective standards, and the in-
use standards that each engine family will meet. Volume projected to be 
produced for U.S. sale may be used in lieu of projected U.S. sales.
    (2) End-of-year reports for each engine family. (i) These end-of-
year reports shall be submitted within 90 days of the end of the model 
year to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division (EN-340F), U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 
20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the model year, engine family, and 
the actual U.S. sales volume. The manufacturer may petition the 
Administrator to allow volume produced for U.S.. sale to be used in lieu 
of U.S. sales. Such petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the 
end of the model year to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the 
petition to be granted, the manufacturer must establish to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that production volume is functionally 
equivalent to sales volume.
    (iii) The U.S. sales volume for end-of-year reports shall be based 
on the location of the point of sale to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (iv) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the end-of-year report 
within the specified time may result in certificate(s) for the engine 
family(ies) certified to Tier 0 certification standards being voided ab 
initio plus any applicable civil penalties for failure to submit the 
required information to the Agency.
    (v) The information shall be organized in such a way as to allow the 
Administrator to determine compliance with the Tier l standards 
implementation schedules of Secs. 86.094-8 and 86.094-9, and the Tier 1 
and Tier 1I implementation schedules of Secs. 86.708-94 and 
86.709-94.

[58 FR 4012, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 33208, June 16, 1993; 58 
FR 66294, Dec. 20, 1993; 59 FR 14110, Mar. 25, 1994; 59 FR 48498, Sept. 
21, 1994]



Sec. 86.094-24  Test vehicles and engines.

    (a) General. Paragraph (a) of this section applies to the grouping 
of vehicles or engines into families.
    (1) The vehicles or engines covered by an application for 
certification will be divided into groupings of engines which are 
expected to have similar emission characteristics throughout their 
useful life. Each group of engines with similar emission characteristics 
shall be defined as a separate engine family.
    (2) To be classed in the same engine family, engines must be 
identical in all the respects listed in paragraphs (a)(2) (i) through 
(x) of this section.
    (i) The cylinder bore center-to-center dimensions.
    (ii)-(iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) The cylinder block configuration (air-cooled or water-cooled: 
L-6, 90 deg., V-8, etc.).
    (v) The location of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (vi) The method of air aspiration.
    (vii) The combustion cycle.
    (viii) Catalytic converter characteristics.
    (ix) Thermal reactor characteristics.
    (x) Type of air inlet cooler (e.g., intercoolers and after-coolers) 
for diesel heavy-duty engines.
    (3)(i) Engines identical in all the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
families if the Administrator determines that they may be expected to 
have different emission characteristics. This determination will be 
based upon a consideration of the features of each engine listed in 
paragraphs (a)(3)(i) (A) through (G) of this section.
    (A) The bore and stroke.

[[Page 250]]

    (B) The surface-to-volume ratio of the nominally dimensioned 
cylinder at the top dead center positions.
    (C) The intake manifold induction port sizes and configuration.
    (D) The exhaust manifold port size and configuration.
    (E) The intake and exhaust valve sizes.
    (F) The fuel system.
    (G) The camshaft timing and ignition or injection timing 
characteristics.
    (ii) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines produced in different 
model years and distinguishable in the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section shall be treated as belonging to a single engine 
family if the Administrator requires it, after determining that the 
engines may be expected to have similar emission deterioration 
characteristics.
    (iii) Engines identical in all of the respects listed in paragraphs 
(a)(2) and (a)(3)(i) of this section may be further divided into 
different engine families if some of the engines are expected to be sold 
as clean-fuel vehicles under 40 CFR part 88, and if the manufacturer 
chooses to certify the engines to both the clean-fuel vehicle standards 
of 40 CFR part 88 and the general standards of this part 86. One engine 
family shall include engines that are intended for general use. For this 
engine family, only the provisions of this part 86 shall apply. The 
second engine family shall include all engines that are intended to be 
used in clean-fuel vehicles. For this engine family, the provisions of 
both this part 86 and 40 CFR part 88 shall apply. The manufacturer may 
submit one set of data to certify both engine families.
    (4) Where engines are of a type which cannot be divided into engine 
families based upon the criteria listed in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) 
of this section, the Administrator will establish families for those 
engines based upon those features most related to their emission 
characteristics. Engines that are eligible to be included in the same 
engine family based on the criteria in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3)(i) 
of this section may be further divided into different engine families if 
the manufacturer determines that they may be expected to have different 
emission characteristics, or if the manufacturer chooses to certify the 
engines to both the clean-fuel vehicle standards of 40 CFR part 88 and 
the general standards of this part 86 as described in paragraph 
(a)(3)(iii) of this section. The determination of the emission 
characteristics will be based upon a consideration of the following 
features of each engine:
    (i) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the 
center line of the camshaft.
    (ii) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the top 
of the cylinder block head face.
    (iii) The size of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (5) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks covered by an 
application for certification will be divided into groupings (e.g., by 
fuel type) which are expected to have similar evaporative emission 
characteristics throughout their useful life. Each group of vehicles 
with similar evaporative emission characteristics shall be defined as a 
separate evaporative emission family.
    (6) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks to be classed in 
the same evaporative emission family, vehicles must be similar with 
respect to:
    (i) Type of vapor storage device (e.g., canister, air cleaner, 
crankcase).
    (ii) Basic canister design.
    (iii) Fuel system.
    (iv) Fuel type.
    (7) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into 
evaporative emission families based on the criteria listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section, the Administrator will establish families for 
those vehicles based upon the features most related to their evaporative 
emission characteristics.
    (8)(i) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the Production 
AMA Durability Program, the engine families covered by an application 
for certification shall be grouped based upon similar engine design and 
emission control system characteristics. Each of these groups shall 
constitute a separate engine family group.
    (ii) To be classed in the same engine family group, engine families 
must contain engines identical in all of the respects listed in 
paragraphs (a)(8)(ii) (A) through (D) of this section.
    (A) The combustion cycle.

[[Page 251]]

    (B) The cylinder block configuration (air-cooled or water-cooled: L-
6, V-8, rotary, etc.).
    (C) Displacement (engines of different displacement within 50 cubic 
inches or 15 percent of the largest displacement and contained within a 
multidisplacement engine family will be included in the same engine 
family group).
    (D) Catalytic converter usage and basic type (noncatalyst, oxidation 
catalyst only, three-way catalyst equipped).
    (9) Engine families identical in all respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(8) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
family groups if the Administrator determines that they are expected to 
have significantly different exhaust emission control system 
deterioration characteristics.
    (10) A manufacturer may request the Administrator to include in an 
engine family group engine families in addition to those grouped under 
the provisions of paragraph (a)(8) of this section. This request must be 
accompanied by information the manufacturer believes supports the 
inclusion of these additional engine families.
    (11) A manufacturer may combine into a single engine family group 
those light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck engine families which 
otherwise meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) (8) through (10) of 
this section.
    (12) Vehicles powered by heavy-duty engines covered by an 
application for certification and using fuels for which there is an 
applicable evaporative emission standard will be divided into groupings 
of vehicles on the basis of physical features, including fuel type, 
which are expected to affect evaporative emissions. Each group of 
vehicles with similar features shall be defined as a separate 
evaporative emission family.
    (13) For vehicles equipped with heavy-duty engines using fuels for 
which there are applicable evaporative emission standards to be classed 
in the same evaporative emission family, vehicles must be identical with 
respect to:
    (i) Method of fuel/air metering (i.e., carburetion versus fuel 
injection).
    (ii) Carburetor bowl fuel volume, within a 10 cc range.
    (iii) Fuel type.
    (14) For vehicles equipped with heavy-duty engines using fuels for 
which there are applicable evaporative emission standards to be classed 
in the same evaporative emission control system family, vehicles must be 
identical with respect to:
    (i) Method of vapor storage.
    (ii) Method of carburetor sealing.
    (iii) Method of air cleaner sealing.
    (iv) Vapor storage working capacity, within a 20g range.
    (v) Number of storage devices.
    (vi) Method of purging stored vapors.
    (vii) Method of venting the carburetor during both engine off and 
engine operation.
    (viii) Liquid fuel hose material.
    (ix) Vapor storage material.
    (15) Where vehicles equipped with heavy-duty engines using fuels for 
which there are applicable evaporative emission standards and which 
cannot be divided into evaporative emission family-control system 
combinations based on the criteria listed above, the Administrator will 
establish evaporative emission family-control system combinations for 
those vehicles based on features most related to their evaporative 
emission characteristics.
    (b) Emission data--(1) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. 
Paragraph (b)(1) of this section applies to light-duty vehicle and 
light-duty truck emission data vehicles.
    (i) Vehicles will be chosen to be operated and tested for emission 
data based upon engine family groupings. Within each engine family, one 
test vehicle will be selected based on the criterion that the 
Administrator shall select the vehicle with the heaviest equivalent test 
weight (including options) within the family. If more than one vehicle 
meets this criterion, then within that vehicle grouping the 
Administrator shall select, in the order listed, the highest road-load 
power, largest displacement, the transmission with the highest numerical 
final gear ratio (including overdrive), the highest numerical axle ratio 
offered in that engine family, and the maximum fuel flow calibration

[[Page 252]]

    (ii) The Administrator shall select one additional test vehicle from 
within each engine family. The additional vehicle selected shall be the 
vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those vehicles 
remaining in the engine family. If all vehicles within the engine family 
are similar the Administrator may waive the requirements of this 
paragraph.
    (iii) Within an engine family and exhaust emission control system, 
the manufacturer may alter any emission data vehicle (or other vehicles 
such as current or previous model year emission data vehicles, fuel 
economy data vehicles, and development vehicles provided they meet 
emission data vehicles' protocol) to represent more than one selection 
under paragraph (b)(1) (i), (ii), (iv), or (vii) of this section.
    (iv) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) 
(i) and (ii) of this section do not represent each engine-system 
combination, then one vehicle of each engine-system combination not 
represented will be selected by the Administrator. The vehicle selected 
shall be the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those 
vehicles remaining in the engine family.
    (v) For high-altitude exhaust emission compliance for each engine 
family, the manufacturer shall follow one of the procedures described in 
paragraphs (b)(1)(v) (A) and (B) of this section.
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions from 
the nonexempt vehicles selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) 
(ii), (iii), and (iv) of this section; or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) 
of this section, a manufacturer may provide a statement in its 
application for certification, based on the manufacturer's engineering 
evaluation of such high altitude emission testing as the manufacturer 
deems appropriate,
    (1) That all light-duty vehicles not exempt under Sec. 86.094-8(h) 
comply with the emission standards at high altitude; and
    (2) That light-duty trucks sold for principal use at designated 
high-altitude locations comply with the high-altitude emission 
requirements and that all light-duty trucks sold at low altitude, which 
are not exempt under Sec. 86.094-9(h), are capable of being modified to 
meet high-altitude standards.
    (vi) If 90 percent or more of the engine family sales will be in 
California, a manufacturer may substitute emission data vehicles 
selected by the California Air Resources Board criteria for the 
selections specified in paragraphs (b)(1) (i), (ii), and (iv) of this 
section.
    (vii) Vehicles will be chosen to be operated and tested for 
evaporative emission data based upon evaporative emission family 
groupings as defined in paragraphs (a) (12) through (15) of this 
section.
    (A) Vehicles of each evaporative emission family will be divided 
into evaporative emission control systems.
    (B) The Administrator will select the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative emissions from within each evaporative family to 
be certified. This vehicle is selected from among the vehicles 
represented by the exhaust emission data selections for the engine 
family, unless evaporative testing has already been completed for the 
vehicle expected to exhibit the highest evaporative emissions for the 
evaporative family as part of another engine family's testing.
    (C) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) of this section do not represent each evaporative 
emission control system then the Administrator will select the highest 
expected evaporative emission vehicle from within the unrepresented 
evaporative system.
    (viii) For high-altitude evaporative emission compliance for each 
evaporative emission family, the manufacturer shall follow one of the 
procedures described in paragraphs (b)(1)(viii) (A) and (B) of this 
section.
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the one nonexempt vehicle previously selected under paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii) (B) or (C) of this section which is expected to have the 
highest level of evaporative emissions when operated at high altitude; 
or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph 
(b)(1)(viii)(A) of this

[[Page 253]]

section, a manufacturer may provide a statement in its application for 
certification, based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation of 
such high-altitude emission testing as the manufacturer deems 
appropriate,
    (1) That all light-duty vehicles not exempt under Sec. 86.094-8(h) 
comply with the emission standards at high altitude; and
    (2) That light-duty trucks sold for principal use at designated 
high-altitude locations comply with the high-altitude emission 
requirements and that all light-duty trucks sold at low-altitude, which 
are not exempt under Sec. 86.094-9(h), are capable of being modified to 
meet high-altitude standards.
    (ix) Vehicles selected for high altitude exhaust emission testing 
under paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) of this section may be used to satisfy the 
evaporative emission testing requirements of paragraph (b)(1) (viii) (A) 
of this section.
    (x) Light-duty trucks only. (A) The manufacturer may reconfigure any 
of the low-altitude emission data vehicles to represent the vehicle 
configuration required to be tested at high altitude.
    (B) The manufacturer is not required to test the reconfigured 
vehicle at low altitude.
    (xi) For cold temperature CO exhaust emission compliance for each 
engine family, the Administrator will select for testing the vehicle 
expected to emit the highest emissions from the vehicles selected in 
accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this 
section. This vehicle shall be tested by the manufacturer in accordance 
with the test procedures in subpart C of this part or with alternative 
procedures requested by the manufacturer and approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (2) Otto-cycle heavy-duty emission data engines. Paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section applies to Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines.
    (i)-(ii) [Reserved]
    (iii) The Administrator shall select a maximum of two engines within 
each engine family based upon features indicating that they may have the 
highest emission levels of the engines in the engine family in 
accordance with the criteria described in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) (A) and 
(B) of this section.
    (A) The Administrator shall select one emission data engine first 
based on the largest displacement within the engine family. Then from 
those within the largest displacement the Administrator shall select, in 
the order listed, highest fuel flow at the speed of maximum rated 
torque, the engine with the most advanced spark timing, no EGR or lowest 
EGR flow, and no air pump or lowest actual flow air pump.
    (B) The Administrator shall select one additional engine, from 
within each engine family. The engine selected shall be the engine 
expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those engines remaining in 
the engine family. If all engines within the engine family are similar 
the Administrator may waive the requirements of this paragraph.
    (iv) If the engines selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(2) 
(ii) and (iii) of this section do not represent each engine 
displacement-exhaust emission control system combination, then one 
engine of each engine displacement-exhaust emission control system 
combination not represented shall be selected by the Administrator.
    (v) Within an engine family/displacement/control system combination, 
the manufacturer may alter any emission data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission data engines and 
development engines provided they meet the emission data engines' 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (3) Diesel heavy-duty emission data engines. Paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section applies to diesel heavy-duty emission data vehicles.
    (i) Engines will be chosen to be run for emission data based upon 
engine family groupings. Within each engine family, the requirements of 
paragraphs (b)(3) (i) through (iv) of this section must be met.
    (ii) Engines of each engine family will be divided into groups based 
upon their exhaust emission control systems. One engine of each engine 
system combination shall be run for smoke emission data (diesel engines 
only) and gaseous emission data. Either the complete gaseous emission 
test or the complete smoke test may be conducted

[[Page 254]]

first. Within each combination, the engine that features the highest 
fuel feed per stroke, primarily at the speed of maximum rated torque and 
secondarily at rated speed, will usually be selected. If there are 
military engines with higher fuel rates than other engines in the same 
engine system combinations, then one military engine shall also be 
selected. The engine with the highest fuel feed per stroke will usually 
be selected.
    (iii) The Administrator may select a maximum of one additional 
engine within each engine-system combination based upon features 
indicating that it may have the highest emission levels of the engines 
of that combination. In selecting this engine, the Administrator will 
consider such features as the injection system, fuel system, compression 
ratio, rated speed, rated horsepower, peak torque speed, and peak 
torque.
    (iv) Within an engine family control system combination, the 
manufacturer may alter any emission data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission data engines and 
development engines provided they meet the emission data engines' 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraphs (b)(3) 
(ii) and (iii) of this section.
    (c) Durability data--(1) Light-duty vehicle durability data 
vehicles. Paragraph (c)(1) of this section applies to light-duty vehicle 
durability data vehicles.
    (i) A durability data vehicle will be selected by the Administrator 
to represent each engine-system combination. The vehicle selected shall 
be of the engine displacement with the largest projected sales volume of 
vehicles with that control-system combination in that engine family and 
will be designated by the Administrator as to transmission type, fuel 
system, inertia weight class, and test weight.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to operate and test additional 
vehicles to represent any engine-system combination. The additional 
vehicles must be of the same engine displacement, transmission type, 
fuel system and inertia weight class as the vehicle selected for that 
engine-system combination in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) of this section. Notice of an intent to operate and test 
additional vehicles shall be given to the Administrator no later than 30 
days following notification of the test fleet selection.
    (2) Light-duty trucks. Paragraph (c)(2) of this section applies to 
vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components used to establish exhaust 
emission deterioration factors for light-duty trucks.
    (i) The manufacturer shall select the vehicles, engines, subsystems, 
or components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components are used, they shall be 
selected so that their emissions deterioration characteristics may be 
expected to represent those of in-use vehicles, based on good 
engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. Paragraph (c)(3) of this section applies to 
engines, subsystems, or components used to establish exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for heavy-duty engines.
    (i) The manufacturer shall select the engines, subsystems, or 
components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
engines, subsystems, or components are used, they shall be selected so 
that their emissions deterioration characteristics may be expected to 
represent those of in-use engines, based on good engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (d) For purposes of testing under Sec. 86.094-26(a)(9) or (b)(11), 
the Administrator may require additional emission data vehicles (or 
emission data engines) and durability data vehicles (light-duty vehicles 
only) identical in all material respects to vehicles (or engines) 
selected in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, 
provided that the number of vehicles (or engines) selected shall not 
increase the size of either the emission data fleet or the durability 
data fleet by more than 20 percent or one vehicle (or engine), whichever 
is greater.
    (e)(1) [Reserved]
    (2) Any manufacturer may request to certify engine families with 
combined total sales of fewer than 10,000 light-

[[Page 255]]

duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty 
engines utilizing the procedures contained in Sec. 86.094-14 for 
emission data vehicle selection and determination of deterioration 
factors. The deterioration factors shall be applied only to entire 
engine families.
    (f) Carryover and carryacross of durability and emission data. In 
lieu of testing an emission data or durability data vehicle (or engine) 
selected under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, and submitting data 
therefore, a manufacturer may, with the prior written approval of the 
Administrator, submit exhaust emission data and/or evaporative emission 
data, as applicable on a similar vehicle (or engine) for which 
certification has previously been obtained or for which all applicable 
data required under Sec. 86.094-23 has previously been submitted.
    (g)(1) Paragraph (g) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks, but does not apply to the production vehicles 
selected under paragraph (h) of this section.
    (2)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, shall be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option), the full 
estimated weight of that item shall be included in the curb weight 
computation for each vehicle available with that item in that carline, 
within that engine-system combination.
    (ii) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of the carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option), no weight for 
that item will be added in computing the curb weight for any vehicle in 
that carline, within that engine-system combination, unless that item is 
standard equipment on the vehicle.
    (iii) In the case of mutually exclusive options, only the weight of 
the heavier option will be added in computing the curb weight.
    (iv) Optional equipment weighing less than three pounds per item 
need not be considered.
    (3)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that can 
reasonably be expected to influence emissions, then such items shall 
actually be installed (unless excluded under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of 
this section) on all emission data and durability data vehicles of that 
carline, within that engine-system combination, on which the items are 
intended to be offered in production. Items that can reasonably be 
expected to influence emissions are: air conditioning, power steering, 
power brakes, and other items determined by the Administrator.
    (ii) If the manufacturer determines by test data or engineering 
evaluation that the actual installation of the optional equipment 
required by paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this section does not affect the 
emissions or fuel economy values, the optional equipment need not be 
installed on the test vehicle.
    (iii) The weight of the options shall be included in the design curb 
weight and also be represented in the weight of the test vehicles.
    (iv) The engineering evaluation, including any test data, used to 
support the deletion of optional equipment from test vehicles, shall be 
maintained by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (4) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that can 
reasonably be expected to influence emissions, that item shall not be 
installed on any emission data vehicle or durability data vehicle of 
that carline, within that engine-system combination, unless that item is 
standard equipment on that vehicle or specifically required by the 
Administrator.
    (h) Production AMA Durability Program durability data vehicles. 
Paragraph (h) of this section applies to light-duty vehicle durability 
data vehicles selected under the Production AMA Durability Program 
described in Sec. 86.094-13.

[[Page 256]]

    (1) In order to update the durability data to be used to determine a 
deterioration factor for each engine family group, the Administrator 
will select durability data vehicles from the manufacturer's production 
line. Production vehicles will be selected from each model year's 
production for those vehicles certified using the Production AMA 
Durability Program procedures.
    (i) The Administrator shall select the production durability data 
vehicle designs from the designs that the manufacturer offers for sale. 
For each model year and for each engine family group, the Administrator 
may select production durability data vehicle designs of equal number to 
the number of engine families within the engine family group, up to a 
maximum of three vehicles.
    (ii) The production durability data vehicles representing the 
designs selected in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section will be randomly 
selected from the manufacturer's production. The Administrator will make 
these random selections unless the manufacturer (with prior approval of 
the Administrator) elects to make the random selections.
    (iii) The manufacturer may select additional production durability 
data vehicle designs from within the engine family group. The production 
durability data vehicles representing these designs shall be randomly 
selected from the manufacturer's production in accordance with paragraph 
(h)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (iv) For each production on durability data vehicle selected under 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall provide to the 
Administrator (before the vehicle is tested or begins service 
accumulation) the vehicle identification number. Before the vehicle 
begins service accumulation the manufacturer shall also provide the 
Administrator with a description of the durability data vehicle as 
specified by the Administrator.
    (v) In lieu of testing a production durability data vehicle selected 
under paragraph (h)(1) of this section, and submitting data therefrom, a 
manufacturer may, with the prior written approval of the Administrator, 
submit exhaust emission data from a production vehicle of the same 
configuration for which all applicable data has previously been 
submitted.
    (2) If, within an existing engine family group, a manufacturer 
requests to certify vehicles of a new design, engine family, emission 
control system, or with any other durability-related design difference, 
the Administrator will determine if the existing engine family group 
deterioration factor is appropriate for the new design. If the 
Administrator cannot make this determination or deems the deterioration 
factor not appropriate, the Administrator shall select preproduction 
durability data vehicles under the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section. If vehicles are then certified using the new design, the 
Administrator may select production vehicles with the new design under 
the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this section.
    (3) If a manufacturer requests to certify vehicles of a new design 
that the Administrator determines are a new engine family group, the 
Administrator shall select preproduction durability data vehicles under 
the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section. If vehicles are then 
certified using the new design, the Administrator may select production 
vehicles of that design under the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this 
section.

[58 FR 4014, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48498, Sept. 21, 1994; 
59 FR 50073, Sept. 30, 1994]



Sec. 86.094-25  Maintenance.

    (a)(1) Applicability. This section applies to light-duty vehicles, 
light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty engines.
    (2) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components used to determine exhaust or evaporative emission 
deterioration factors is classified as either emission-related or non-
emission-related and each of these can be classified as either scheduled 
or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related maintenance is also 
classified as critical emission-related maintenance.
    (b) This section specifies emission-related scheduled maintenance 
for purposes of obtaining durability data and for inclusion in 
maintenance instructions furnished to purchasers of new

[[Page 257]]

motor vehicles and new motor vehicles engines under Sec. 86.087-38.
    (1) All emission-related scheduled maintenance for purposes of 
obtaining durability data must occur at the same mileage intervals (or 
equivalent intervals if engines, subsystems, or components are used) 
that will be specified in the manufacturer's maintenance instructions 
furnished to the ultimate purchaser of the motor vehicle or engine under 
Sec. 86.094-35. This maintenance schedule may be updated as necessary 
throughout the testing of the vehicle/engine, provided that no 
maintenance operation is deleted from the maintenance schedule after the 
operation has been performed on the test vehicle or engine.
    (2) Any emission-related maintenance which is performed on vehicles, 
engines, subsystems, or components must be technologically necessary to 
assure in-use compliance with the emission standards. The manufacturer 
must submit data which demonstrate to the Administrator that all of the 
emission-related scheduled maintenance which is to be performed is 
technologically necessary. Scheduled maintenance must be approved by the 
Administrator prior to being performed or being included in the 
maintenance instructions provided to purchasers under Sec. 86.087-38. 
The Administrator has determined that emission-related maintenance at 
shorter intervals than those outlined in paragraphs (b) (3) and (4) of 
this section is not technologically necessary to ensure in-use 
compliance. However, the Administrator may determine that maintenance 
even more restrictive (e.g., longer intervals) than that listed in 
paragraphs (b) (3) and (4) of this section is also not technologically 
necessary.
    (3) For Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and heavy 
duty engines, emission-related maintenance in addition to, or at shorter 
intervals than, that listed in paragraphs (b)(3) (i) through (vii) of 
this section will not be accepted as technologically necessary, except 
as provided in paragraph (b)(7) of this section.
    (i)(A) The cleaning or replacement of light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck spark plugs shall occur at 30,000 miles of use and at 30,000-
mile intervals thereafter.
    (B) The cleaning or replacement of Otto-cycle heavy duty engine 
spark plugs shall occur at 25,000 miles (or 750 hours) of use and at 
25,000-mile (or 750-hour) intervals thereafter, for engines certified 
for use with unleaded fuel only.
    (ii) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the adjustment, 
cleaning, repair, or replacement of the items listed in paragraphs 
(b)(3)(ii) (A) through (D) of this section shall occur at 50,000 miles 
of use and at 50,000-mile intervals thereafter.
    (A) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (B) Emission-related hoses and tubes.
    (C) Ignition wires.
    (D) Idle mixture.
    (iii) For heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, cleaning, repair, or 
replacement of the items listed in paragraphs (b)(3)(iii) (A) through 
(D) of this section shall occur at 50,000 miles (or 1,500 hours) of use 
and at 50,000-mile (or 1,500-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (A) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (B) Emission-related hoses and tubes.
    (C) Ignition wires.
    (D) Idle mixture.
    (iv) For light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and heavy-duty 
engines, the adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of the oxygen 
sensor shall occur at 80,000 miles (or 2,400 hours) of use and at 
80,000-mile (or 2,400-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (v) For heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, cleaning, repair, or 
replacement of the items listed in paragraphs (b)(3)(v) (A) through (G) 
of this section shall occur at 100,000 miles (or 3,000 hours) of use and 
at 100,000-mile (or 3,000-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Fuel injectors.
    (D) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(except oxygen sensor) and actuators.
    (E) Evaporative emission canister.
    (F) Turbochargers.
    (G) Carburetors.
    (vi) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the adjustment, 
cleaning, repair, or replacement of the items

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listed in paragraphs (b)(3)(vi) (A) through (I) of this section shall 
occur at 100,000 miles of use and at 100,000-mile intervals thereafter.
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Fuel injectors.
    (D) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(except oxygen sensor) and actuators.
    (E) Evaporative emission canister.
    (F) Turbochargers.
    (G) Carburetors.
    (H) Superchargers.
    (I) EGR System including all related filters and control valves.
    (vii) For heavy-duty engines certified for use with unleaded fuel 
only, the adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of the EGR system 
(including all related filters and control valves) shall occur at 50,000 
miles (or 1,500 hours) of use and at 50,000-mile (or 1,500-hour) 
intervals thereafter.
    (4) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and 
heavy-duty engines, emission-related maintenance in addition to, or at 
shorter intervals than that listed in paragraphs (b)(4) (i) through (iv) 
of this section will not be accepted as technologically necessary, 
except as provided in paragraph (b)(7) of this section.
    (i) For heavy-duty engines, the adjustment, cleaning, repair, or 
replacement of the items listed in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) (A) through (C) 
of this section shall occur at 50,000 miles (or 1,500 hours) of use and 
at 50,000-mile (or 1,500-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (A) Exhaust gas recirculation system including all related filters 
and control valves.
    (B) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (C) Fuel injector tips (cleaning only).
    (ii) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the adjustment, 
cleaning, repair, or replacement of the positive crankcase ventilation 
valve shall occur at 50,000 miles of use and at 50,000-mile intervals 
thereafter.
    (iii) The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of items 
listed in paragraphs (b)(4)(iii) (A) through (D) of this section shall 
occur at 100,000 miles (or 3,000 hours) of use and at 100,000-mile (or 
3,000-hour) intervals thereafter for light heavy-duty engines, or, at 
150,000 miles (or 4,500 hours) intervals thereafter for medium and 
heavy-duty engines.
    (A) Fuel injectors.
    (B) Turbocharger.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors and 
actuators.
    (D) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system (including related 
components).
    (iv) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the adjustment, 
cleaning, repair, or replacement shall occur at 100,000 miles of use and 
at 100,000-mile intervals thereafter of the items listed in paragraphs 
(b)(4)(iv) (A) through (G) of this section.
    (A) Fuel injectors.
    (B) Turbocharger.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors and 
actuators.
    (D) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system (including related 
components).
    (E) Exhaust gas recirculation system including all related filters 
and control valves.
    (F) Catalytic converter.
    (G) Superchargers.
    (5) [Reserved]
    (6)(i) The components listed in paragraphs (b)(6)(i) (A) through (G) 
of this section are currently defined as critical emission-related 
components.
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(including oxygen sensor if installed) and actuators.
    (D) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related filters 
and control valves).
    (E) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (F) Evaporative emission control system components (excluding 
canister air filter).
    (G) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system.
    (ii) All critical emission-related scheduled maintenance must have a 
reasonable likelihood of being performed in-use. The manufacturer shall 
be required to show the reasonable likelihood of such maintenance being 
performed in-use, and such showing shall be made prior to the 
performance of the maintenance on the durability

[[Page 259]]

data vehicle. Critical emission-related scheduled maintenance items 
which satisfy one of the conditions defined in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii) (A) 
through (F) of this section will be accepted as having a reasonable 
likelihood of the maintenance item being performed in-use.
    (A) Data are presented which establish for the Administrator a 
connection between emissions and vehicle performance such that as 
emissions increase due to lack of maintenance, vehicle performance will 
simultaneously deteriorate to a point unacceptable for typical driving.
    (B) Survey data are submitted which adequately demonstrate to the 
Administrator that, at an 80 percent confidence level, 80 percent of 
such engines already have this critical maintenance item performed in-
use at the recommended interval(s)
    (C) A clearly displayed visible signal system approved by the 
Administrator is installed to alert the vehicle driver that maintenance 
is due. A signal bearing the message ``maintenance needed'' or ``check 
engine,'', or a similar message approved by the Administrator, shall be 
actuated at the appropriate mileage point or by component failure. This 
signal must be continuous while the engine is in operation and not be 
easily eliminated without performance of the required maintenance. 
Resetting the signal shall be a required step in the maintenance 
operation. The method for resetting the signal system shall be approved 
by the Administrator.
    (D) A manufacturer may desire to demonstrate through a survey that a 
critical maintenance item is likely to be performed without a visible 
signal on a maintenance item for which there is no prior in-use 
experience without the signal. To that end, the manufacturer may in a 
given model year market up to 200 randomly selected vehicles per 
critical emission-related maintenance item without such visible signals, 
and monitor the performance of the critical maintenance item by the 
owners to show compliance with paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(B) of this section. 
This option is restricted to two consecutive model years and may not be 
repeated until any previous survey has been completed. If the critical 
maintenance involves more than one engine family, the sample will be 
sales weighted to ensure that it is representative of all the families 
in question.
    (E) The manufacturer provides the maintenance free of charge, and 
clearly informs the customer that the maintenance is free in the 
instructions provided under Sec. 86.087-38.
    (F) Any other method which the Administrator approves as 
establishing a reasonable likelihood that the critical maintenance will 
be performed in-use.
    (iii) Visible signal systems used under paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(C) of 
this section are considered an element of design of the emission control 
system. Therefore, disabling, resetting, or otherwise rendering such 
signals inoperative without also performing the indicated maintenance 
procedure is a prohibited act under section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(a) (3)).
    (7) Changes to scheduled maintenance. (i) For maintenance practices 
that existed prior to the 1980 model year, only the maintenance items 
listed in paragraphs (b) (3) and (4) of this section are currently 
considered by EPA to be emission-related. The Administrator may, 
however, determine additional scheduled maintenance items that existed 
prior to the 1980 model year to be emission-related by announcement in a 
Federal Register Notice. In no event may this notification occur later 
than September 1 of the calendar year two years prior to the affected 
model year.
    (ii) In the case of any new scheduled maintenance, the manufacturer 
must submit a request for approval to the Administrator for any 
maintenance that it wishes to recommend to purchasers and perform during 
durability determination. New scheduled maintenance is that maintenance 
which did not exist prior to the 1980 model year, including that which 
is a direct result of the implementation of new technology not found in 
production prior to the 1980 model year. The manufacturer must also 
include its recommendations as to the category (i.e., emission-related 
or non-emission-related, critical or non-critical) of the subject 
maintenance and, for suggested emission-related maintenance, the maximum 
feasible maintenance interval. Such requests must include detailed 
evidence

[[Page 260]]

supporting the need for the maintenance requested, and supporting data 
or other substantiation for the recommended maintenance category and for 
the interval suggested for emission-related maintenance. Requests for 
new scheduled maintenance must be approved prior to the introduction of 
the new maintenance. The Administrator will then designate the 
maintenance as emission-related or non-emission-related. For maintenance 
items established as emission-related, the Administrator will further 
designate the maintenance as critical if the component which receives 
the maintenance is a critical component under paragraph (b)(6) of this 
section. For each maintenance item designated as emission-related, the 
Administrator will also establish a technologically necessary 
maintenance interval, based on industry data and any other information 
available to EPA. Designations of emission-related maintenance items, 
along with their identification as critical or non-critical, and 
establishment of technologically necessary maintenance intervals, will 
be announced in the Federal Register.
    (iii) Any manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determinations in paragraph (b)(7) of this section. The request shall be 
in writing and shall include a statement specifying the manufacturer's 
objections to the Administrator's determinations, and data in support of 
such objections. If, after review of the request and supporting data, 
the Administrator finds that the request raises a substantial factual 
issue, he shall provide the manufacturer a hearing in accordance with 
Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to such issue.
    (c) Non-emission-related scheduled maintenance which is reasonable 
and technologically necessary (e.g., oil change, oil filter change, fuel 
filter change, air filter change, cooling system maintenance, adjustment 
of idle speed, governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, injector lash, 
timing, adjustment of air pump drive belt tension, lubrication of the 
exhaust manifold heat control valve, lubrication of carburetor choke 
linkage, retorqueing carburetor mounting bolts, etc.) may be performed 
on durability data vehicles at the least frequent intervals recommended 
by the manufacturer to the ultimate purchaser, (e.g., not at the 
intervals recommended for severe service).
    (d) Unscheduled maintenance on light-duty durability data vehicles. 
(1) Unscheduled maintenance may be performed during the testing used to 
determine deterioration factors, except as provided in paragraphs (d) 
(2) and (3) of this section, only under the following provisions defined 
in paragraphs (d)(1) (i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) A fuel injector or spark plug may be changed if a persistent 
misfire is detected.
    (ii) Readjustment of an Otto-cycle vehicle cold-start enrichment 
system may be performed if there is a problem of stalling.
    (iii) Readjustment of the engine idle speed (curb idle and fast 
idle) may be performed in addition to that performed as scheduled 
maintenance under paragraph (c) of this section if the idle speed 
exceeds the manufacturer's recommended idle speed by 300 rpm or more, or 
if there is a problem of stalling.
    (2) Any other unscheduled vehicle, emission control system, or fuel 
system adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or 
replacement during testing to determine deterioration factors shall be 
performed only with the advance approval of the Administrator. Such 
approval will be given if the Administrator:
    (i) Has made a preliminary determination that the part failure or 
system malfunction, or the repair of such failure or malfunction, does 
not render the vehicle or engine unrepresentative of vehicles or engines 
in-use and does not require direct access to the combustion chamber, 
except for spark plug, fuel injection component, or removable prechamber 
removal or replacement.
    (ii) Has made a determination that the need for maintenance or 
repairs is indicated by an overt indication of malfunction such as 
persistent misfiring, engine stalling, overheating, fluid leakage, loss 
of oil pressure, excessive fuel consumption, or excessive power loss. 
The Administrator shall be given the opportunity to verify the existence 
of an overt indication of part

[[Page 261]]

failure and/or vehicle/engine malfunction (e.g., misfiring, stalling, 
black smoke), or an activation of an audible and/or visible signal, 
prior to the performance of any maintenance to which such overt 
indication or signal is relevant under the provisions of this section.
    (iii) Has made a determination that the OBD system of a durability 
data vehicle representing an engine family certifying fully to the 
Federal OBD requirements as specified in Sec. 86.094-17(a) through (h) 
has specifically detected the problem and has illuminated the 
malfunction indicator light.
    (3) Emission measurement may not be used as a means of determining 
the need for unscheduled maintenance under paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section, except under the conditions defined in paragraphs (d)(3) (i) 
through (ii) of this section.
    (i) The Administrator may approve unscheduled maintenance on 
durability data vehicles based upon a significant change in emission 
levels that indicates a vehicle or engine malfunction. In these cases 
the Administrator may first approve specific diagnostic procedures to 
identify the source of the problem. The Administrator may further 
approve of specific corrections to the problem after the problem has 
been identified. The Administrator may only approve the corrective 
action after it is determined that:
    (A) The malfunction was caused by nonproduction build practices or 
by a previously undetected design problem;
    (B) The malfunction will not occur in production vehicles or engines 
in-use; and
    (C) The deterioration factor generated by the durability data 
vehicle or engine will remain unaffected by the malfunction or by the 
corrective action (e.g., the malfunction was present for only a short 
period of time before detection, replacement parts are functionally 
representative of the proper mileage or hours, etc.).
    (ii) Following any unscheduled maintenance approved under paragraph 
(d)(3)(i) of this section, the manufacturer shall perform an after-
maintenance emission test. If the Administrator determines that the 
after-maintenance emission levels for any pollutant indicates that the 
deterioration factor is no longer representative of production, the 
Administrator may disqualify the durability data vehicle or engine.
    (4) If the Administrator determines that part failure or system 
malfunction occurrence and/or repair rendered the vehicle/engine 
unrepresentative of vehicles in-use, the vehicle/engine shall not be 
used for determining deterioration factors.
    (5) Repairs to vehicle components of a durability data vehicle other 
than the engine, emission control system, or fuel system, shall be 
performed only as a result of part failure, vehicle system malfunction, 
or with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (e) Maintenance on emission data vehicles and engines. (1) 
Adjustment of engine idle speed on emission data vehicles may be 
performed once before the low-mileage/low-hour emission test point. Any 
other engine, emission control system, or fuel system adjustment, 
repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement on emission data 
vehicles shall be performed only with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (2)-(3) [Reserved]
    (4) Repairs to vehicle components of an emission data vehicle other 
than the engine, emission control system, or fuel system, shall be 
performed only as a result of part failure, vehicle system malfunction, 
or with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (f) Equipment, instruments, or tools may not be used to identify 
malfunctioning, maladjusted, or defective engine components unless the 
same or equivalent equipment, instruments, or tools will be available to 
dealerships and other service outlets and:
    (1) Are used in conjunction with scheduled maintenance on such 
components; or
    (2) Are used subsequent to the identification of a vehicle or engine 
malfunction, as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section for 
durability data vehicles or in paragraph (e)(1) of this section for 
emission data vehicles; or
    (3) Unless specifically authorized by the Administrator.
    (g)(1) Paragraph (g) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles.

[[Page 262]]

    (2) Complete emission tests (see Secs. 86.106 through 86.145) are 
required, unless waived by the Administrator, before and after scheduled 
maintenance approved for durability data vehicles. The manufacturer may 
perform emission tests before unscheduled maintenance. Complete emission 
tests are required after unscheduled maintenance which may reasonably be 
expected to affect emissions. The Administrator may waive the 
requirement to test after unscheduled maintenance. These test data may 
be submitted weekly to the Administrator, but shall be air posted or 
delivered within 7 days after completion of the tests, along with a 
complete record of all pertinent maintenance, including a preliminary 
engineering report of any malfunction diagnosis and the corrective 
action taken. A complete engineering report shall be delivered to the 
Administrator concurrently with the manufacturer's application for 
certification.
    (h) All test data, maintenance reports, and required engineering 
reports shall be compiled and provided to the Administrator in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-23.

[58 FR 4018, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 9487, Feb. 19, 1993]



Sec. 86.094-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission requirements.

    (a)(1) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles. 
It prescribes mileage and service accumulation requirements for 
durability data vehicles run under either the Standard AMA Durability 
Program of Sec. 86.094-13(c) or the Production AMA Durability Program of 
Sec. 86.094-13(d), and for emission data vehicles regardless of the 
durability program employed. Service accumulation requirements for 
durability data vehicles run under the Alternative Service Accumulation 
Program may be found in Sec. 86.094-13(e).
    (2) The standard method of whole-vehicle service accumulation for 
durability data vehicles and for emission data vehicles in model years 
1994 and beyond shall be mileage accumulation using the Durability 
Driving Schedule as specified in appendix IV to this part. A modified 
procedure may also be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. 
Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, all vehicles will 
accumulate mileage at a measured curb weight which is within 100 pounds 
of the estimated curb weight. If the loaded vehicle weight is within 100 
pounds of being included in the next higher inertia weight class as 
specified in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to conduct the 
respective emission tests at higher loaded vehicle weight.
    (3) Emission data vehicles. Unless otherwise provided for in 
Sec. 86.094-23(a), emission data vehicles shall be operated and tested 
as described in paragraphs (a)(3) (i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to 
accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family 
without making a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a 
minimum of 2,000 miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an 
engine family. All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, 
recorded, and reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to 
represent emission data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) 
shall be equipped with an engine and emission control system that has 
accumulated the mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test 
vehicle. Fuel economy data generated from certification vehicles 
selected in accordance with Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) with engine-system 
combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 
miles) shall be factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006(c) of this 
chapter. Complete exhaust and evaporative (if required) emission tests 
shall be conducted for each emission data vehicle selection under 
Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) . The Administrator may determine under 
Sec. 86.094-24(f) that no testing is required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (v) or (viii) shall be conducted at the 
mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which the engine-system

[[Page 263]]

combination is stabilized for emission testing under high-altitude 
conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emissions tests for emission data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), 
(iii), (iv), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile 
minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing under low-altitude conditions.
    (D) For each engine family, the manufacturer will either select one 
vehicle previously selected under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (i) through (iv) 
to be tested under high-altitude conditions or provide a statement in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1)(v). Vehicles shall meet emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions without manual 
adjustments or modifications. In addition, any emission control device 
used to conform with the emission standards under high-altitude 
conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher than 4,000 
feet above sea level.
    (ii) Diesel-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to 
accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family 
without making a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a 
minimum of 2,000 miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an 
engine family. All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, 
recorded, and reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to 
represent emission data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) 
shall be equipped with an engine and emission control system that has 
accumulated the mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test 
vehicle. Fuel economy data generated from certification vehicles 
selected in accordance with Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) with engine-system 
combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 
miles) shall be factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006 of this 
chapter. Complete exhaust emission tests shall be conducted for each 
emission data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.094-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1)(v) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 
mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing under high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), 
(iii), (iv), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile 
minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing under low-altitude conditions.
    (D) For each engine family, the manufacturer will either select one 
vehicle previously selected under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (i) through (iv) 
to be tested under high-altitude conditions or provide a statement in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1)(v). Vehicles shall meet emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions without manual 
adjustments or modifications. In addition, any emission control device 
used to conform with the emission standards under high-altitude 
conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher than 4,000 
feet above sea level.
    (4)(i) Durability data vehicles. (A) Unless otherwise provided for 
in Sec. 86.094-13(e) or Sec. 86.094-23(a) or in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) 
of this section, each durability data vehicle shall be driven on the 
whole-vehicle mileage accumulation cycle specified in paragraph (a)(2) 
of this section, with all emission control systems installed and 
operating, up to a mileage endpoint corresponding to the vehicle's 
durability useful life as defined in Sec. 86.094-2.
    (B) Extrapolation of durability data and changes to the mileage 
accumulation cycle. (1) Once a durability vehicle has reached the 
greater of 75,000 miles or three-quarters of the applicable durability 
useful life, the manufacturer may petition the Administrator to 
extrapolate the durability data obtained up to that point out to the 
durability useful life or to replace the mileage accumulation cycle with 
an alternative

[[Page 264]]

that meets the criteria of paragraph (a)(2) of this section. In the 
petition, the manufacturer shall supplement the durability vehicle data 
with other information demonstrating the durability of the vehicle's 
emission control components and systems at or beyond the durability 
useful life.
    (2) Factors the Administrator will consider in evaluating petitions 
for extrapolation of durability data or for changes to the mileage 
accumulation cycle include, but are not limited to, any unusual 
scheduled maintenance, unscheduled maintenance, the general linearity 
and scatter of the actual data, reasonable explanations for all outlier 
data, the technical validity of any substitute mileage accumulation 
cycle, and evidence supplied by the vehicle manufacturer of component 
and system durability.
    (3) If a petition for extrapolation of durability data is approved, 
the endpoint for whole-vehicle mileage accumulation of the durability 
data vehicle shall be the mileage attained by the vehicle as reflected 
in the petition.
    (4) Discontinuation of a durability data vehicle shall be allowed 
only with the consent of the Administrator.
    (C) Complete exhaust emission tests shall be made at nominal test 
point mileage intervals that the manufacturer determines. At a minimum, 
two complete exhaust emission tests shall be made. The first test shall 
be made at a distance not greater than 6,250 miles. The last shall be 
made at the mileage accumulation endpoint determined in paragraph 
(a)(4)(i) (A) or (B) of this section, whichever is applicable.
    (D) Except with advance approval of the Administrator, the mileage 
interval between nominal test points must be of equal length except for 
the interval between zero miles and the first test, and any interval 
before or after testing conducted in conjunction with vehicle 
maintenance as specified in Sec. 86.094-25(g)(2).
    (ii) The manufacturer may, at its option, alter the durability data 
vehicle at the selected nominal test point to represent emission data 
vehicle(s) within the same engine-system combination and perform 
emission tests on the altered vehicle. Upon completion of emission 
testing, the manufacturer may return the test vehicle to the durability 
data vehicle configuration and continue mileage accumulation.
    (5)(i) All tests required by this subpart on emission data vehicles 
shall be conducted at a mileage equal to or greater than the mileage the 
manufacturer determines under paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
    (ii) All tests required by this subpart on durability data vehicles 
shall be conducted within 250 miles of each of the nominal test points. 
This 250 mile test point mileage tolerance may be modified 
with the advance approval of the Administrator if the basis for the 
written request is to prevent an interruption of durability mileage 
accumulation due to test scheduling conflicts for weekends, holidays, 
and other similar circumstances.
    (6)(i)(A) The manufacturer may conduct multiple tests at any test 
point at which the data are intended to be used in the deterioration 
factor. At each test point where multiple tests are conducted, the test 
results from all valid tests shall be averaged to determine the data 
point to be used in the deterioration factor calculation, except under 
paragraph (a)(6)(i)(B) of this section. The test results from emission 
tests performed before maintenance affecting emissions shall not be 
averaged with test results after the maintenance.
    (B) The manufacturer is not required to average multiple tests if 
the manufacturer conducts no more than three tests at each test point 
and if the number of tests at each test point is equal. All test points 
must be treated the same for all exhaust pollutants.
    (ii) The results of all emission testing shall be supplied to the 
Administrator. The manufacturer shall furnish to the Administrator 
explanation for voiding any test. The Administrator will determine if 
voiding the test was appropriate based upon the explanation given by the 
manufacturer for the voided test. Tests between test points may be 
conducted as required by the Administrator. Data from all tests 
(including voided tests) may be submitted weekly to the Administrator, 
but shall be air posted or delivered to the Administrator within 7 days 
after completion of the test. In addition, all test data

[[Page 265]]

shall be compiled and provided to the Administrator in accordance with 
Sec. 86.091-23. Where the Administrator conducts a test on a durability 
data vehicle at a prescribed test point, the results of that test will 
be used in the calculation of the deterioration factor.
    (iii) The results of all emission tests shall be rounded to the 
number of places to the right of the decimal point indicated by 
expressing the applicable emission standard of this subpart to one 
additional significant figure, in accordance with the rounding off 
method specified in ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (``Standard 
recommended practice for indicating which places of figures are to be 
considered significant in specified limiting values,'' American Society 
for Testing and Materials). This incorporation by reference was approved 
by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from American Society 
for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies 
may be inspected at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Docket 
Section, room M-1500, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460 or at the 
Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 
700, Washington DC.
    (7) Whenever a manufacturer intends to operate and test a vehicle 
which may be used for emission or durability data, the manufacturer 
shall retain in its records all information concerning all emissions 
tests and maintenance, including vehicle alterations to represent other 
vehicle selections. For emission data vehicles, this information shall 
be submitted, including the vehicle description and specification 
information required by the Administrator, to the Administrator 
following the emission data test. For durability data vehicles, this 
information shall be submitted following the 5,000-mile test.
    (8) The data from emission data vehicles and durability data 
vehicles obtained pursuant to the provisions of this section will be 
used in the calculations under Sec. 86.094-28.
    (9)(i) The Administrator may elect to operate and test any test 
vehicle during all or any part of the mileage accumulation and testing 
procedure. In such cases, the manufacturer shall provide the vehicle(s) 
to the Administrator with all information necessary to conduct this 
testing.
    (ii) The test procedures in Secs. 86.106 through 86.145 will be 
followed by the Administrator. The Administrator will test the vehicles 
at each test point. Maintenance may be performed by the manufacturer 
under such conditions as the Administrator may prescribe.
    (iii) The data developed by the Administrator for the engine-system 
combination shall be combined with any applicable data supplied by the 
manufacturer on other vehicles of that combination to determine the 
applicable deterioration factors for the combination. In the case of a 
significant discrepancy between data developed by the Administrator and 
that submitted by the manufacturer, the Administrator's data shall be 
used in the determination of deterioration factors.
    (10) Emission testing of any type with respect to any certification 
vehicle other than that specified in this part is not allowed except as 
such testing may be specifically authorized by the Administrator.
    (11) This section does not apply to testing conducted to meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.091-23(b)(2).
    (b)(1) Paragraph (b) of this section applies to light-duty trucks.
    (2) Four types of mileage or service accumulation are applicable to 
light-duty trucks, as described in paragraphs (b)(2) (i) through (iv) of 
this section.
    (i) Paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section applies to service 
accumulation conducted under the Standard Self-Approval Durability 
Program of Sec. 86.094-13(f). This type of service accumulation is 
applicable for model years 1994 and beyond only. The manufacturer 
determines the form and extent of this service accumulation, consistent 
with good engineering practice, and describes it in the application for 
certification. Service accumulation under the Standard Self-Approval 
Durability Program is conducted on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components selected by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.094-24(c)(2)(i).
    (ii) Paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section applies to service 
accumulation conducted under the Alternative Service Accumulation 
Durability Program of

[[Page 266]]

Sec. 86.094-13(e). This type of service accumulation is applicable for 
model years 1994 and beyond only. The service accumulation method is 
developed by the manufacturer to be consistent with good engineering 
practice and to accurately predict the deterioration of the vehicle's 
emissions in actual use over its full useful life. The method is subject 
to advance approval by the Administrator and to verification by an in-
use verification program conducted by the manufacturer under 
Sec. 86.094-13(e)(5).
    (iii) Paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section applies to mileage 
accumulation of the duration selected by the manufacturer on emission 
data vehicles selected under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1). The procedure for 
mileage accumulation will be the Durability Driving Schedule as 
specified in appendix IV to this part. A modified procedure may also be 
used if approved in advance by the Administrator. Except with the 
advance approval of the Administrator, all vehicles will accumulate 
mileage at a measured curb weight which is within 100 pounds of the 
estimated curb weight. If the loaded vehicle weight is within 100 pounds 
of being included in the next higher inertia weight class as specified 
in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to conduct the respective 
emission tests at higher loaded vehicle weight.
    (iv) Service or mileage accumulation may also be part of the test 
procedures used by the manufacturer to establish evaporative emission 
deterioration factors.
    (3) Exhaust emission deterioration factors will be determined on the 
basis of the mileage or service accumulation described in paragraph 
(b)(2) (i) or (ii) of this section and related testing, according to the 
manufacturer's procedures.
    (4) Each emission data vehicle shall be operated and tested as 
follows:
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to 
accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family 
without making a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a 
minimum of 2,000 miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an 
engine family. All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, 
recorded, and reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to 
represent emission data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) 
shall be equipped with an engine and emission control system that has 
accumulated the mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test 
vehicle. Fuel economy data generated from certification vehicles 
selected in accordance with Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) with engine-system 
combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 
miles) shall be factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006 of this 
chapter. Complete exhaust emission tests shall be conducted for each 
emission data vehicle selection under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1). The 
Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.094-24(f) that no testing is 
required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (v) or (viii) shall be conducted at the 
mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission testing or at 6,436 kilometers (4,000 miles) 
under high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
(iv)(A), or (vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile 
minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under 
low-altitude conditions.
    (D) If the manufacturer recommends adjustments or modifications in 
order to conform to emission standards at high altitude, such 
adjustments or modifications shall be made to the test vehicle selected 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (v) and (viii) (in accordance with the 
instructions to be provided to the ultimate purchaser) before being 
tested under high-altitude conditions.
    (ii) Diesel-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for

[[Page 267]]

emission data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide to 
the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in making 
this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 4,000 miles 
on each test vehicle within an engine family without making a 
determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a minimum of 2,000 miles 
(3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an engine family. All 
test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, recorded, and 
reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to represent emission 
data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) shall be equipped 
with an engine and emission control system that has accumulated the 
mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test vehicle. Fuel 
economy data generated from certification vehicles selected in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) with engine-system combinations 
that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be 
factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006(c) of this chapter. Complete 
exhaust emission tests shall be conducted for each emission data vehicle 
selection under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1). The administrator may determine 
under Sec. 86.094-24(f) that no testing is required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1)(v) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 
mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at the 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under 
high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
and (iv) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which 
the engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing or at 
the 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (D) If the manufacturer recommends adjustments or modifications in 
order to conform to emission standards at high-altitude, such 
adjustments or modifications shall be made to the test vehicle selected 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (v) and (viii) (in accordance with the 
instructions to be provided to the ultimate purchaser) before being 
tested under high-altitude conditions.
    (iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) All tests required by this subpart on emission data vehicles 
shall be conducted at a mileage equal to or greater than the mileage the 
manufacturer determines under paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
    (c)(1) Paragraph (c) of this section applies to heavy-duty engines.
    (2) Two types of service accumulation are applicable to heavy-duty 
engines, as described in paragraphs (c)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) Service accumulation on engines, subsystems, or components 
selected by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.094-24(c)(3)(i). The 
manufacturer determines the form and extent of this service 
accumulation, consistent with good engineering practice, and describes 
it in the application for certification.
    (ii) Dynamometer service accumulation on emission data engines 
selected under Sec. 86.094-24(b) (2) or (3). The manufacturer determines 
the engine operating schedule to be used for dynamometer service 
accumulation, consistent with good engineering practice. A single engine 
operating schedule shall be used for all engines in an engine family-
control system combination. Operating schedules may be different for 
different combinations.
    (3) Exhaust emission deterioration factors will be determined on the 
basis of the service accumulation described in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of 
this section and related testing, according to the manufacturer's 
procedures.
    (4) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine family, the 
number of hours at which the engine system combination is stabilized (no 
less than 62 hours for catalyst equipped) for emission data testing. The 
manufacturer shall maintain, and provide to the Administrator if 
requested, a record of the rationale used in making this determination. 
The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 125 hours on each test engine 
within an engine family without making a determination. Any engine used 
to represent emission data engine selections under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(2) 
shall be equipped with an engine system combination that has accumulated 
at least the number of hours

[[Page 268]]

determined under this paragraph. Complete exhaust emission tests shall 
be conducted for each emission data engine selection under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(2). Evaporative emission controls need not be connected provided 
normal operating conditions are maintained in the engine induction 
system. The Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.094-24(f) that no 
testing is required.
    (d)(1) Paragraph (d) of this section applies to both light-duty 
trucks and heavy-duty engines.
    (2)(i) The results of all emission testing shall be supplied to the 
Administrator. The manufacturer shall furnish to the Administrator 
explanation for voiding any test. The Administrator will determine if 
voiding the test was appropriate based upon the explanation given by the 
manufacturer for the voided test. Tests between test points may be 
conducted as required by the Administrator. Data from all tests 
(including voided tests) may be submitted weekly to the Administrator, 
but shall be air posted or delivered to the Administrator within 7 days 
after completion of the test. In addition, all test data shall be 
compiled and provided to the Administrator in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-23. Where the Administrator conducts a test on a durability 
data vehicle at a prescribed test point, the results of that test will 
be used in the calculation of the deterioration factor.
    (ii) The results of all emission tests shall be recorded and 
reported to the Administrator. These test results shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in 
paragraph (a)(6)(iii) of this section), to the number of decimal places 
contained in the applicable emission standard expressed to one 
additional significant figure.
    (3) Whenever a manufacturer intends to operate and test a vehicle 
(or engine) which may be used for emission data, the manufacturer shall 
retain in its records all information concerning all emissions tests and 
maintenance, including vehicle (or engine) alterations to represent 
other vehicle (or engine) selections. This information shall be 
submitted, including the vehicle (or engine) description and 
specification information required by the Administrator, to the 
Administrator following the emission data test.
    (4)-(5) [Reserved]
    (6) Emission testing of any type with respect to any certification 
vehicle or engine other than that specified in this subpart is not 
allowed except as such testing may be specifically authorized by the 
Administrator.

[58 FR 4021, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 36369, July 18, 1994; 62 
FR 11082, Mar. 11, 1997; 62 FR 44875, Aug. 22, 1997]



Sec. 86.094-28  Compliance with emission standards.

    (a)(1) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to lightduty vehicles.
    (2) Each exhaust and evaporative emission standard (and family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) of Sec. 86.094-8 applies to 
the emissions of vehicles for the appropriate useful life as defined in 
Secs. 86.094-2 and 86.094-8.
    (3) Since it is expected that emission control efficiency will 
change with mileage accumulation on the vehicle, the emission level of a 
vehicle which has accumulated mileage equal to the specified useful life 
will be used as the basis for determining compliance with the standard 
(or family particulate emission limit, as appropriate).
    (4) The procedure for determining compliance of a new motor vehicle 
with exhaust and evaporative emission standards (or family particulate 
emission limit, as appropriate) is as described in paragraphs (a)(4) (i) 
through (v) of this section, except where specified by paragraph (a)(7) 
of this section for the Production AMA Durability Program.
    (i) Separate emission deterioration factors shall be determined from 
the exhaust emission results of the durability data vehicle(s) for each 
engine-system combination. A separate evaporative emission deterioration 
factor shall be determined for each evaporative emission family-
evaporative emission control system combination from the testing 
conducted by the manufacturer (gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles only).
    (A) The applicable results to be used, unless excluded by paragraph 
(a)(4)(i)(A)(4) of this section, in determining the exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for each engine-system

[[Page 269]]

combination shall be those described in paragraphs (a)(4)(i)(A) (1) 
through (3) of this section.
    (1) All valid exhaust emission data from the tests required under 
Sec. 86.094-26(a)(4) except the zero-mile tests. This shall include the 
official test results, as determined in Sec. 86.094-29 for all tests 
conducted on all durability data vehicles of the combination selected 
under Sec. 86.094-24(c) (including all vehicles elected to be operated 
by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.094-24(c)(1)(ii)).
    (2) All exhaust emission data from the tests conducted before and 
after the scheduled maintenance provided in Sec. 86.094-25.
    (3) All exhaust emission data from tests required by maintenance 
approved under Sec. 86.094-25, in those cases where the Administrator 
conditioned his approval for the performance of such maintenance on the 
inclusion of such data in the deterioration factor calculation.
    (4) The manufacturer has the option of applying an outlier test 
point procedure to completed durability data within its certification 
testing program for a given model year. The outlier procedure will be 
specified by the Administrator. For any pollutant, durability data test 
points that are identified as outliers shall not be included in the 
determination of deterioration factors if the manufacturer has elected 
this option. The manufacturer shall specify to the Administrator before 
the certification of the first engine family for that model year, if it 
intends to use the outlier procedure. The manufacturer may not change 
procedures after the first engine family of the model year is certified. 
Where the manufacturer chooses to apply both the outlier procedure and 
averaging (as allowed under Sec. 86.094-26(a)(6)(i)) to the same data 
set, the outlier procedure shall be completed prior to applying the 
averaging procedure.
    (B)(1) Line crossing. For each exhaust constituent to which a 
standard in Sec. 86.094-8 applies, all applicable exhaust emission 
results shall be rounded to the nearest mile and plotted as a function 
of the mileage on the system. The best fit straight line, fitted by the 
method of least squares, shall be drawn through all these data points. 
The data for a given exhaust constituent will be acceptable for use in 
the calculation of deterioration factors only if the first official test 
point as determined in Sec. 86.094-26(a)(4)(i)(C), the interpolated 
intermediate useful life mile point, and the interpolated full useful 
life mile point on this line, as applicable, are each less than or equal 
to the respective low-altitude standards provided in Sec. 86.094-8. An 
exception to this where data are still acceptable is when a best fit 
straight line crosses an applicable standard but no data points exceeded 
the standard. This exception shall not apply when mileage accumulation 
has been curtailed before the durability useful life has been reached, 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.094-26(a)(4)(i)(B).
    (2) Exhaust deterioration factor determination. Multiplicative 
exhaust emission deterioration factors shall be calculated for each 
standard and for each engine-system combination from points on the 
regression line derived in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(1) of this section, 
and in accordance with paragraphs (a)(4)(i)(B)(2) (i) and (ii) of this 
section.
    (i) Factor=Exhaust emissions at the useful life mileage for that 
standard divided by exhaust emissions at 4,000 miles.
    (ii) These interpolated values shall be carried out to a minimum of 
four places to the right of the decimal point before dividing one by the 
other to determine the deterioration factor. The results shall be 
rounded to three places to the right of the decimal point in accordance 
with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (``Standard recommended practice for 
indicating which places of figures are to be considered significant in 
specified limiting values,'' American Society for Testing and 
Materials). This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director 
of the Federal Register in acccordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR 
part 51. Copies may be obtained from American Society for Testing and 
Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies may be 
inspected at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Docket 
Section, room M-1500, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460 or at the 
Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 
700, Washington, DC.

[[Page 270]]

    (iii) When calculating intermediate and full useful life 
deterioration factors all data points should be included in the 
calculations, except that total hydrocarbon (THC) test points beyond the 
50,000-mile (useful life) test point shall not be included in the 
calculations.
    (iv) The calculation specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2) of this 
section may be modified with advance approval of the Administrator for 
engine-system combinations which are certified under the Alternative 
Service Accumulation Durability Program specified in Sec. 86.094-13(e).
    (C) Evaporative deterioration factor determination. An evaporative 
emissions deterioration factor (gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles only) shall be determined from the testing conducted as 
described in Sec. 86.094-21(b)(4)(i) and in accordance with paragraphs 
(a)(4)(i)(C) (1) and (2) of this section, for each evaporative emission 
family-evaporative emission control system combination to indicate the 
evaporative emission level at the applicable useful life relative to the 
evaporative emission level at 4,000 miles.
    (1) Factor=Evaporative emission level at the useful life mileage for 
that standard minus the evaporative emission level at 4,000 miles.
    (2) The factor shall be established to a minimum of two places to 
the right of the decimal.
    (ii)(A)(1) The official exhaust emission test results for each 
applicable exhaust emission standard for each emission data vehicle at 
the selected test point shall be multiplied by the appropriate 
deterioration factor: Provided, That if a deterioration factor as 
computed in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) of this section is less than one, 
that deterioration factor shall be one for the purposes of this 
paragraph.
    (2) The calculation specified in paragraph (a)(4)(ii)(A)(1) of this 
section may be modified with advance approval of the Administrator for 
engine-system combinations which are certified under the Alternative 
Service Accumulation Durability Program specified in Sec. 86.094-13(e).
    (B) The official evaporative emission test results (gasoline-fueled 
and methanol-fueled vehicles only) for each evaporative emission data 
vehicle at the selected test point shall be adjusted by addition of the 
appropriate deterioration factor, provided that if a deterioration 
factor as computed in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(C) of this section is less 
than zero, that deterioration factor shall be zero for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (iii) The emissions to compare with the standard (or the family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted 
emissions of paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section for each 
emission data vehicle. Before any emission value is compared with the 
standard (or the family particulate emission limit, as appropriate) it 
shall be rounded, in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as 
referenced in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section), to two 
significant figures. The rounded emission values may not exceed the 
standard (or the family particulate emission limit, as appropriate).
    (iv) Every test vehicle of an engine family must comply with the 
exhaust emission standards (or the family particulate emission limit, as 
appropriate), as determined in paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section, 
before any vehicle in that family may be certified.
    (v) Every test vehicle of an evaporative emission family must comply 
with the evaporative emission standard, as determined in paragraph 
(a)(4)(iii) of this section, before any vehicle in that family may be 
certified.
    (5) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
particulate emission limit(s) in the particulate averaging program, 
compliance with the new limit(s) must be based upon existing 
certification data.
    (6) If a manufacturer chooses to participate in the diesel 
particulate averaging program, the production-weighted average of the 
family particulate emission limits of all affected engine families must 
comply with the particulate standards in Sec. 86.094-8(a)(1)(iv), or the 
composite particulate standard defined in Sec. 86.094-2, as appropriate, 
at the end of the production year.
    (7) The procedure to determine the compliance of new motor vehicles 
in the Production AMA Durability Program described in Sec. 86.094-13 is 
the same as described in paragraphs (a)(4) (iii)

[[Page 271]]

through (v) of this section. For the engine families that are included 
in the Production AMA Durability Program, the exhaust emission 
deterioration factors used to determine compliance shall be those that 
the Administrator has approved under Sec. 86.094-13. The evaporative 
emission deterioration factor for each evaporative emission family shall 
be determined and applied according to paragraph (a)(4) of this section. 
The procedures to determine the minimum exhaust emission deterioration 
factors required under Sec. 86.094-13(d) are as described in paragraphs 
(a)(7) (i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) Separate deterioration factors shall be determined from the 
exhaust emission results of the durability data vehicles for each 
emission standard applicable under Sec. 86.094-8, for each engine family 
group. The evaporative emission deterioration factor for each 
evaporative family will be determined and applied in accordance with 
paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
    (ii) The deterioration factors for each engine family group shall be 
determined by the Administrator using historical durability data from as 
many as three previous model years. These data will consist of 
deterioration factors generated by durability data vehicles representing 
certified engine families and of deterioration factors from vehicles 
selected under Sec. 86.094-24(h) . The Administrator shall determine how 
these data will be combined for each engine family group.
    (A) The test result to be used in the calculation of each 
deterioration factor to be combined for each engine family group shall 
be those test results specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(A) of this 
section.
    (B) For each durability data vehicle selected under Sec. 86.094-
24(h), all applicable exhaust emission results shall be plotted as a 
function of the mileage on the system rounded to the nearest mile, and 
the best fit straight lines, fitted by method of least squares, shall be 
drawn through all these data points. The exhaust deterioration factor 
for each durability data vehicle shall be calculated as specified in 
paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) of this section.
    (C) Line-crossing. The line-crossing criteria of Sec. 86.094-28 
(a)(4)(i)(B) apply.
    (1) The Administrator will not accept for certification line-
crossing data from preproduction durability data vehicles selected under 
Sec. 86.094-24(c).
    (2) The Administrator will not accept for certification line-
crossing data from production durability data vehicles selected under 
Sec. 86.094-24(h)(1) unless the 4,000-mile test result multiplied by the 
engine family group deterioration factor does not exceed the applicable 
emission standards. The deterioration factors used for this purpose 
shall be those that were used in the certification of the production 
vehicle. Manufacturers may calculate this product immediately after the 
4,000-mile test of the vehicle. If the product exceeds the applicable 
standards, the manufacturer may, with the approval of the Administrator, 
discontinue the vehicle and substitute a new vehicle. The manufacturer 
may continue the original vehicle, but the data will not be acceptable 
if line crossing occurs.
    (b)(1) Paragraph (b) of this section applies to light-duty trucks.
    (2) Each exhaust and evaporative emission standard (and family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) of Sec. 86.094-9 applies to 
the emissions of vehicles for the appropriate useful life as defined in 
Secs. 86.094-2 and 86.094-9.
    (3) Since emission control efficiency generally decreases with the 
accumulation of mileage on the vehicle, deterioration factors will be 
used in combination with emission data vehicle test results as the basis 
for determining compliance with the standards (or family emission 
limits, as appropriate).
    (4)(i) Paragraph (b)(4) of this section describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of a new vehicle with exhaust emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), based on deterioration 
factors. If the manufacturer certifies under the Standard Self-Approval 
Program as specified in Sec. 86.094-13(f), the manufacturer supplies the 
deterioration factors. If the manufacturer certifies under the 
Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program as specified in 
Sec. 86.094-13(e), the applicable procedure for the determination of 
deterioration factors for light-duty trucks is

[[Page 272]]

the same as that described in paragraph (a)(4) of this section for 
light-duty vehicles.
    (ii) Separate exhaust emission deterioration factors, determined 
from tests of vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components conducted by 
the manufacturer, shall be supplied for each standard and for each 
engine-system combination.
    (iii) The official exhaust emission results for each applicable 
exhaust emission standard for each emission data vehicle at the selected 
test point shall be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (iv) The emission values to compare with the standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted emission values 
of paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section rounded to two significant 
figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced 
in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section) for each emission data 
engine.
    (5)(i) Paragraphs (b)(5)(i) (A) and (B) of this section apply only 
to manufacturers electing to participate in the particulate averaging 
program.
    (A) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
particulate emission limit(s), compliance with the new limit(s) must be 
based upon existing certification data.
    (B) The production-weighted average of the family particulate 
emission limits of all applicable engine families, rounded to two 
significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) 
(as referenced in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section), must 
comply with the particulate standards in Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(iv) or 
(d)(1)(iv), or the composite particulate standard as defined in 
Sec. 86.094-2, as appropriate, at the end of the product year.
    (ii) Paragraphs (b)(5)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section apply only to 
manufacturers electing to participate in the NOX averaging 
program.
    (A) If a manufacturer chooses to change the level of any family 
NOX emission limit(s), compliance with the new limit(s) must 
be based upon existing certification data.
    (B) The production-weighted average of the family NOX 
emission limits of all applicable engine families, rounded to two 
significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) 
(as referenced in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section), must 
comply with the NOX emission standards of Sec. 86.094-
9(a)(1)(iii) (A) or (B) of Sec. 86.094-9(d)(1)(iii) (A) or (B), or the 
composite NOX standard as defined in Sec. 86.094-2, at the 
end of the product year.
    (6) [Reserved]
    (7)(i) Paragraph (b)(7) of this section describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of a new vehicle with evaporative emission 
standards. The procedure described here shall be used for all vehicles 
in all model years.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall determine, based on testing described in 
Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(i), and supply an evaporative emission 
deterioration factor for each evaporative emission family-evaporative 
emission control system combination. The factor shall be calculated by 
subtracting the emission level at the selected test point from the 
emission level at the useful life point.
    (iii) The official evaporative emission test results for each 
evaporative emission data vehicle at the selected test point shall be 
adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor. 
However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is 
less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (iv) The emission value to compare with the standards shall be the 
adjusted emission value of paragraph (b)(7)(iii) of this section rounded 
to two significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 
1980) (as referenced in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section) 
for each evaporative emission data vehicle.
    (8) Every test vehicle of an engine family must comply with all 
applicable standards (and family emission limits, as appropriate), as 
determined in paragraphs (b)(4)(iv) and (b)(7)(iv) of this section, 
before any vehicle in that family will be certified.
    (c)(1) Paragraph (c) of this section applies to heavy-duty engines.

[[Page 273]]

    (2) The exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) for Otto-cycle engines in Sec. 86.094-10 or for diesel-
cycle engines in Sec. 86.094-11 apply to the emissions of engines for 
their useful life.
    (3) Since emission control efficiency generally decreases with the 
accumulation of service on the engine, deterioration factors will be 
used in combination with emission data engine test results as the basis 
for determining compliance with the standards.
    (4)(i) Paragraph (c)(4) of this section describes the procedure for 
determining compliance of an engine with emission standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate), based on deterioration factors 
supplied by the manufacturer.
    (ii) Separate exhaust emission deterioration factors, determined 
from tests of engines, subsystems, or components conducted by the 
manufacturer, shall be supplied for each engine-system combination. For 
Otto-cycle engines, separate factors shall be established for transient 
HC (THCE), CO, and NOX; and idle CO, for those engines 
utilizing aftertreatment technology (e.g., catalytic converters). For 
diesel-cycle engines, separate factors shall be established for 
transient HC (THCE), CO, NOX, and exhaust particulate. For 
diesel-cycle smoke testing, separate factors shall also be established 
for the acceleration mode (designated as ``A''), the lugging mode 
(designated as ``B''), and peak opacity (designated as ``C'').
    (iii)(A) Paragraphs (c)(4)(iii)(A) (1) and (2) of this section apply 
to Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines.
    (1) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines not utilizing aftertreatment 
technology (e.g., catalytic converters). For transient HC (THCE), CO, 
and NOX, the official exhaust emission results for each 
emission data engine at the selected test point shall be adjusted by the 
addition of the appropriate deterioration factor. However, if the 
deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is less than zero, it 
shall be zero for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (2) Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment 
technology (e.g., catalytic converters). For transient HC (THCE), CO, 
and NOX, and for idle CO, the official exhaust emission 
results for each emission data engine at the selected test point shall 
be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate deterioration factor. 
However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is 
less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (B) Paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(B) of this section applies to diesel-cycle 
heavy-duty engines.
    (1) Diesel-cycle heavy-duty engines not utilizing aftertreatment 
technology (e.g., particulate traps). For transient HC (THCE), CO, 
NOX, and exhaust particulate, the official exhaust emission 
results for each emission data engine at the selected test point shall 
be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor. 
However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is 
less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (2) Diesel-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment 
technology (e.g., particulate traps). For transient HC (THCE), CO, 
NOX, and exhaust particulate, the official exhaust emission 
results for each emission data engine at the selected test point shall 
be adjusted by multiplication by the appropriate deterioration factor. 
However, if the deterioration factor supplied by the manufacturer is 
less than one, it shall be one for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (3) Diesel-cycle heavy-duty engines only. For acceleration smoke 
(``A''), lugging smoke (``B''), and peak smoke (``C''), the official 
exhaust emission results for each emission data engine at the selected 
test point shall be adjusted by the addition of the appropriate 
deterioration factor. However, if the deterioration factor supplied by 
the manufacturer is less than zero, it shall be zero for the purposes of 
this paragraph.
    (iv) The emission values to compare with the standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted emission values 
of paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section, rounded to the same number of 
significant figures as contained in the applicable standard in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in 
paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section), for each emission data 
engine.

[[Page 274]]

    (5)-(6) [Reserved]
    (7) Every test engine of an engine family must comply with all 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate), as 
determined in paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this section, before any engine in 
that family will be certified.
    (d)(1) Paragraph (d) of this section applies to heavy-duty vehicles 
equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled engines.
    (2) The applicable evaporative emission standard in Sec. 86.091-10 
or Sec. 86.094-11 applies to the emissions of vehicles for their useful 
life.
    (3)(i) For vehicles with a GVWR of up to 26,000 pounds, because it 
is expected that emission control efficiency will change during the 
useful life of the vehicle, an evaporative emission deterioration factor 
shall be determined from the testing described in Sec. 86.088-23(b)(3) 
for each evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination to indicate the evaporative emission control system 
deterioration during the useful life of the vehicle (minimum 50,000 
miles). The factor shall be established to a minimum of two places to 
the right of the decimal.
    (ii) For vehicles with a GVWR of greater than 26,000 pounds, because 
it is expected that emission control efficiency will change during the 
useful life of the vehicle, each manufacturer's statement as required in 
Sec. 86.094-23(b) (4) (ii) shall include, in accordance with good 
engineering practice, consideration of control system deterioration.
    (4) The evaporative emission test results, if any, shall be adjusted 
by the addition of the appropriate deterioration factor, provided that 
if the deterioration factor as computed in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section is less than zero, that deterioration factor shall be zero for 
the purposes of this paragraph.
    (5) The emission level to compare with the standard shall be the 
adjusted emission level of paragraph (d)(4) of this section. Before any 
emission value is compared with the standard, it shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in 
paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) of this section), to two significant 
figures. The rounded emission values may not exceed the standard.
    (6) Every test vehicle of an evaporative emission family must comply 
with the evaporative emission standard, as determined in paragraph 
(d)(5) of this section, before any vehicle in that family may be 
certified.

[58 FR 4025, Jan. 12, 1993]



Sec. 86.094-30  Certification.

    (a)(1)(i) If, after a review of the test reports and data submitted 
by the manufacturer, data derived from any inspection carried out under 
Sec. 86.091-7(c) and any other pertinent data or information, the 
Administrator determines that a test vehicle(s) (or test engine(s)) 
meets the requirements of the Act and of this subpart, he will issue a 
certificate of conformity with respect to such vehicle(s) (or engine(s)) 
except in cases covered by paragraphs (a) (1) (ii) and (c) of this 
section.
    (ii) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. If, 
after a review of the statement(s) of compliance submitted by the 
manufacturer under Sec. 86.094-23(b)(4) and any other pertinent data or 
information, the Administrator determines that the requirements of the 
Act and this subpart have been met, he will issue one certificate of 
conformity per manufacturer with respect to the evaporative emission 
family(ies) covered by paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) Such certificate will be issued for such period not to exceed 
one model year as the Administrator may determine and upon such terms as 
he may deem necessary or appropriate to assure that any new motor 
vehicle (or new motor vehicle engine) covered by the certificate will 
meet the requirements of the Act and of this part.
    (3)(i) One such certificate will be issued for each engine family. 
For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-
duty trucks, one such certificate will be issued for each engine family 
evaporative emission family combination.
    (A) Light-duty vehicles. Each certificate will certify compliance 
with no more than one set of in-use and certification standards (or 
family emission limits, as appropriate).

[[Page 275]]

    (B) Light-duty trucks. Each certificate will certify compliance with 
no more than one set of in-use and certification standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate), except where there are both low-
altitude standards and high altitude standards applicable. The 
certificate shall state that it covers vehicles sold or delivered to an 
ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude 
location only if the vehicle conforms in all material respects to the 
design specifications that apply to those vehicles described in the 
application for certification at high altitude.
    (ii) For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles, 
one such certificate will be issued for each manufacturer and will 
certify compliance for those vehicles previously identified in that 
manufacturer's statement(s) of compliance as required in Sec. 86.094-
23(b)(4) (i) and (ii).
    (iii) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, or 
diesel-cycle heavy-duty engines, included in the applicable particulate 
averaging program, the manufacturer may at any time during production 
elect to change the level of any family particulate emission limit by 
demonstrating compliance with the new limit as described in 
Secs. 86.094-28(a)(6) and 86.094-28(b)(5)(i) . New certificates issued 
under this paragraph will be applicable only for vehicles (or engines) 
produced subsequent to the date of issuance.
    (iv) For light-duty trucks or heavy-duty engines included in the 
applicable NOX averaging program, the manufacturer may at any 
time during production elect to change the level of any family 
NOX emission limit by demonstrating compliance with the new 
limit as described in Sec. 86.094-28(b)(5)(ii). New certificates issued 
under this paragraph will be applicable only for vehicles (or engines) 
produced subsequent to the day of issue.
    (4)(i) The adjustment or modification of any light-duty truck in 
accordance with instructions provided by the manufacturer for the 
altitude where the vehicle is principally used will not be considered a 
violation of section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7522 
(a)(3)).
    (ii) A violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)) occurs when a manufacturer sells or delivers to an 
ultimate purchaser any light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck, subject 
to the regulations under the Act, under any of the conditions specified 
in the remainder of this paragraph.
    (A) When a light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck is not configured 
to meet high-altitude requirements:
    (1) At a designated high-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated high-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
high-altitude location.
    (B) When a light-duty vehicle is not configured to meet low-altitude 
requirements, as provided in Sec. 86.094-8(i) :
    (1) At a designated low-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated low-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated low-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
low-altitude location.
    (iii) A manufacturer shall be deemed to have reason to believe that 
a light-duty vehicle that has been exempted from compliance with 
emission standards at high-altitude, or a light-duty truck which is not 
configured to meet high-altitude requirements, will not be sold to an 
ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude 
location if the manufacturer has informed its dealers and field 
representatives about the terms of these high-altitude regulations, has 
not caused the improper sale itself, and has taken reasonable action 
which shall include, but not be limited to, either paragraph (a)(4)(iii) 
(A) or (B), and paragraph (a)(4)(iii)(C) of this section:

[[Page 276]]

    (A) Requiring dealers in designated high-altitude locations to 
submit written statements to the manufacturer signed by the ultimate 
purchaser that a vehicle which is not configured to meet high-altitude 
requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-altitude 
location; requiring dealers in counties contiguous to designated high-
altitude locations to submit written statements to the manufacturer, 
signed by the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the 
normal course of business that he or she resides in a designated high-
altitude location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet high-
altitude requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-
altitude location; and for each sale or delivery of fleets of ten or 
more such vehicles in a high-altitude location or in counties contiguous 
to high-altitude locations, requiring either the selling dealer or the 
delivering dealer to submit written statements to the manufacturer, 
signed by the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the 
normal course of business that he or she resides in a designated high-
altitude location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet high-
altitude requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-
altitude location. In addition, the manufacturer will make available to 
EPA, upon reasonable written request (but not more frequently than 
quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated that it has substantial reason to 
believe that an improperly configured vehicle has been sold), sales, 
warranty, or other information pertaining to sales of vehicles by the 
dealers described above maintained by the manufacturer in the normal 
course of business relating to the altitude configuration of vehicles 
and the locations of ultimate purchasers; or
    (B) Implementing a system which monitors factory orders of low-
altitude vehicles by high-altitude dealers, or through other means, 
identifies dealers that may have sold or delivered a vehicle not 
configured to meet the high-altitude requirements to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude location; and 
making such information available to EPA upon reasonable written request 
(but not more frequently than quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated 
that it has substantial reason to believe that an improperly configured 
vehicle has been sold); and
    (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA 
or a State or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly 
sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the high-altitude 
requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated high-
altitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to 
paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section that a dealer may have improperly 
sold or delivered a significant number of such vehicles to ultimate 
purchasers so residing, reminding the dealer in writing of the 
requirements of these regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the 
dealer that sale by the dealer of vehicles not configured to meet high-
altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise 
agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification 
requirements of Sec. 85.2108 of this chapter.
    (iv) A manufacturer shall be deemed to have reason to believe that a 
light-duty vehicle which has been exempted from compliance with emission 
standards at low-altitude, as provided in Sec. 86.094-8(i), will not be 
sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated low-
altitude location if the manufacturer has informed its dealers and field 
representatives about the terms of the high-altitude regulations, has 
not caused the improper sale itself, and has taken reasonable action 
which shall include, but not be limited to, either paragraph (a)(4)(iv) 
(A) or (B), and (a)(4)(iv)(C) of this section:
    (A) Requiring dealers in designated low-altitude locations to submit 
written statements to the manufacturer signed by the ultimate purchaser 
that a vehicle which is not configured to meet low-altitude requirements 
will not be used principally at a designated low-altitude location; 
requiring dealers in counties contiguous to designated low-altitude 
locations to submit written statements to the manufacturer, signed by 
the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the normal

[[Page 277]]

course of business that he or she resides in a designated low-altitude 
location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet low-altitude 
requirements will not be used principally at a designated low-altitude 
location; and for each sale or delivery of fleets of ten or more such 
vehicles in a low-altitude location or in counties contiguous to low-
altitude locations, requiring either the selling dealer or the 
delivering dealer to submit written statements to the manufacturer, 
signed by the ultimate purchaser who represents to the dealer in the 
normal course of business that he or she resides in a designated low-
altitude location, that a vehicle which is not configured to meet low-
altitude requirements will not be used principally at a designated high-
altitude location. In addition, the manufacturer will make available to 
EPA, upon reasonable written request (but not more frequently than 
quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated that it has substantial reason to 
believe that an improperly configured vehicle has been sold), sales, 
warranty, or other information pertaining to sales of vehicles by the 
dealers described above maintained by the manufacturer in the normal 
course of business relating to the altitude configuration of vehicles 
and the locations of ultimate purchasers; or
    (B) Implementing a system which monitors factory orders of high-
altitude vehicles by low-altitude dealers, or through other means, 
identifies dealers that may have sold or delivered a vehicle not 
configured to meet the low-altitude requirements to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated low-altitude location; and 
making such information available to EPA upon reasonable written request 
(but not more frequently than quarterly, unless EPA has demonstrated 
that it has substantial reason to believe that an improperly configured 
vehicle has been sold); and
    (C) Within a reasonable time after receiving written notice from EPA 
or a state or local government agency that a dealer may have improperly 
sold or delivered a vehicle not configured to meet the low-altitude 
requirements to an ultimate purchaser residing in a designated low-
altitude location, or based on information obtained pursuant to 
paragraph (a)(4)(iv) of this section that a dealer may have improperly 
sold or delivered a significant number of such vehicles to ultimate 
purchasers so residing, reminding the dealer in writing of the 
requirements of these regulations, and, where appropriate, warning the 
dealer that sale by the dealer of vehicles not configured to meet low-
altitude requirements may be contrary to the terms of its franchise 
agreement with the manufacturer and the dealer certification 
requirements of Sec. 85.2108 of this chapter.
    (5)(i) For the purpose of paragraph (a) of this section, a 
``designated high-altitude location'' is any county which has 
substantially all of its area located above 1,219 meters (4,000 feet) 
and:
    (A) Requested and extension past the attainment date of December 31, 
1982, for compliance with either the National Ambient Air Quality 
Standards for carbon monoxide or ozone, as indicated in part 52 
(Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans) of this title; or
    (B) Is in the same state as a county designated as a high-altitude 
location according to paragraph (a)(5)(i)(A) of this section.
    (ii) The designated high-altitude locations defined in paragraph 
(a)(5)(i) of this section are listed below:

                            State of Colorado

Adams
Alamosa
Arapahoe
Archuleta
Boulder
Chaffee
Cheyenne
Clear Creek
Conejos
Costilla
Crowley
Custer
Delta
Denver
Dolores
Douglas
Eagle
Elbert
El Paso
Fremont
Garfield
Gilpin
Grand
Gunnison
Hinsdale
Huerfano
Jackson
Jefferson
Kit Carson
Lake
La Plata
Larimer
Las Animas
Lincoln
Mesa
Mineral
Moffat
Montezuma
Montrose
Morgan
Otero
Ouray
Park
Pitkin
Pueblo
Rio Blanco
Rio Grande
Routt

[[Page 278]]


Saguache
San Juan
San Miguel
Summit
Teller
Washington
Weld

                             State of Nevada

Carson City
Douglas
Elko
Esmeralda
Eureka
Humboldt
Lander
Lincoln
Lyon
Mineral
Nye
Pershing
Storey
Washoe
White Pine

                           State of New Mexico

Bernalillo
Catron
Colfax
Curry
De Baca
Grant
Guadalupe
Harding
Hidalgo
Lincoln
Los Alamos
Luna
McKinley
Mora
Otero
Rio Arriba
Roosevelt
Sandoval
San Juan
San Miguel
Santa Fe
Sierra
Socorro
Taos
Torrance
Union
Valencia

                              State of Utah

Beaver
Box Elder
Cache
Carbon
Daggett
Davis
Duchesne
Emery
Garfield
Grand
Iron
Juab
Kane
Millard
Morgan
Piute
Rich
Salt Lake
San Juan
Sanpete
Sevier
Summit
Tooele
Uintah
Utah
Wasatch
Wayne
Weber

    (iii) For the purpose of paragraph (a) of this section, a 
``designated low-altitude location'' is any county which has 
substantially all of its area located below 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).
    (iv) The designated low-altitude locations so defined include all 
counties in the United States which are not listed in either paragraph 
(a)(5)(ii) of this section or in the list below:

                            State of Arizona

Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Navajo
Yavapai

                             State of Idaho

Bannock
Bear Lake
Bingham
Blaine
Bonneville
Butte
Camas
Caribou
Cassia
Clark
Custer
Franklin
Fremont
Jefferson
Lemhi
Madison
Minidoka
Oneida
Power
Treton
Valley

                            State of Montana

Beaverhead
Deer Lodge
Gallatin
Jefferson
Judith Basin
Madison
Meagher
Park
Powell
Silver Bow
Wheatland

                            State of Nebraska

Banner
Cheyenne
Kimball
Sioux

                             State of Oregon

Harney
Klamath
Lake

                             State of Texas

Jeff Davis
Hudspeth
Parmer

                            State of Wyoming

Albany
Campbell
Carbon
Converse
Fremont
Goshen
Hot Springs
Johnson
Laramie
Lincoln
Natrona
Niobrara
Park
Platte
Sublette
Sweetwater
Teton
Uinta
Washakie
Weston

    (6) Catalyst-equipped vehicles, otherwise covered by a certificate, 
which are driven outside the United States, Canada, and Mexico will be 
presumed to have been operated on leaded gasoline resulting in 
deactivation of the catalysts. If these vehicles are imported or offered 
for importation without retrofit of the catalyst, they will be 
considered not to be within the coverage of the certificate unless 
included in a catalyst control program operated by a manufacturer or a 
United States Government agency and approved by the Administrator.
    (7) For incomplete light-duty trucks, a certificate covers only 
those new motor vehicles which, when completed

[[Page 279]]

by having the primary load-carrying device or container attached, 
conform to the maximum curb weight and frontal area limitations 
described in the application for certification as required in 
Sec. 86.094-21(d).
    (8) For heavy-duty engines, a certificate covers only those new 
motor vehicle engines installed in heavy-duty vehicles which conform to 
the minimum gross vehicle weight rating, curb weight, or frontal area 
limitations for heavyduty vehicles described in Sec. 86.082-2.
    (9) For incomplete gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty 
vehicles a certificate covers only those new motor vehicles which, when 
completed, conform to the nominal maximum fuel tank capacity limitations 
as described in the application for certification as required in 
Sec. 86.094-21(e).
    (10)(i) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicle and diesel-cycle light-
duty truck families which are included in a particulate averaging 
program, the manufacturer's production-weighted average of the 
particulate emission limits of all engine families in a participating 
class or classes shall not exceed the applicable diesel-cycle 
particulate standard, or the composite particulate standard defined in 
Sec. 86.090-2 as appropriate, at the end of the model year, as 
determined in accordance with this part. The certificate shall be void 
ab initio for those vehicles causing the production-weighted FEL to 
exceed the particulate standard.
    (ii) For all heavy-duty diesel-cycle engines which are included in 
the particulate averaging, trading, or banking programs under 
Sec. 86.094-15, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(10)(ii) (A) through (C) 
of this section apply.
    (A) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with the provisions of Sec. 86.094-15 and the averaging, 
trading, and banking related provision of other applicable sections, 
both during and after the model year production.
    (B) Failure to comply with all provisions of Sec. 86.094-15 will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued, and the certificate may be deemed void ab 
initio.
    (C) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied or excused.
    (11)(i) For light-duty truck families which are included in a 
NOX averaging program, the manufacturer's production-weighted 
average of the NOX emission limits of all such engine 
families shall not exceed the applicable NOX emission 
standard, or the composite NOX emission standard defined in 
Sec. 86.088-2, as appropriate, at the end of the model year, as 
determined in accordance with this part. The certificate shall be void 
ab initio for those vehicles causing the production-weighted FEL to 
exceed the NOX standard.
    (ii) For all heavy duty engines which are included in the 
NOX averaging, trading, or banking programs under 
Sec. 86.091-15, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(11)(ii) (A) through (C) 
of this section apply.
    (A) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with the provisions of Sec. 86.094-15 and the averaging, 
trading, and banking related provision of other applicable sections, 
both during and after the model year production.
    (B) Failure to comply with all provisions of Sec. 86.094-15 will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued, and the certificate may be deemed void ab 
initio.
    (C) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the ``conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied or excused.
    (12) For all light-duty vehicles certified to standards under 
Sec. 86.094-8 or to which standards under Sec. 86.708-94 are applicable, 
the provisions of paragraphs (a)(12) (i) through (iii) of this section 
apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Secs. 86.094-8 and 86.708-94 both 
during and after model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Secs. 86.094-8 and Sec. 86.708-94 will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon

[[Page 280]]

which the certificate(s) was issued and the vehicles sold in violation 
of the implementation schedule shall not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (13) For all light-duty trucks certified to standards under 
Sec. 86.094-9 and to which standards under Sec. 86.709-94 are 
applicable, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(13) (i) through (iii) this 
section apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Secs. 86.094-9 and 86.709-94 both 
during and after model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Secs. 86.094-9 and 86.709-94 will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate(s) was issued and the individual vehicles sold in violation 
of the implementation schedule shall not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (14) For all light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks certified 
with an Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program under 
Sec. 86.094-13(e), paragraphs (a)(14) (i) through (iii) of this section 
apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
performing the in-use verification program pursuant to the agreement 
described in Sec. 86.094-13(e)(8).
    (ii) Failure to fully comply with all the terms of the in-use 
verification program pursuant to the agreement described in Sec. 86.094-
13(e)(8) will be considered a failure to satisfy the conditions upon 
which the certificate was issued. A vehicle or truck will be considered 
to be covered by the certificate only if the manufacturer fulfills the 
conditions upon which the certificate is issued.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (b)(1) The Administrator will determine whether a vehicle (or 
engine) covered by the application complies with applicable standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate) by observing the following 
relationships: in paragraphs (b)(1) (i) through (iv) of this section:
    (i) Light-duty vehicles. (A) The durability data vehicle(s) selected 
under Sec. 86.094-24(c)(1)(i) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
engine system combination.
    (B) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) 
(ii) through (iv) shall represent all vehicles of the same engine-system 
combination as applicable.
    (C) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(1)(vii) (A) and (B) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
evaporative control system within the evaporative family.
    (ii) Light-duty trucks. (A) The emission data vehicle(s) selected 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1)(ii), shall represent all vehicles of the same 
engine-system combination as applicable.
    (B) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.094-24 
(b)(I)(vii) (A) and (B) shall represent all vehicles of the same 
evaporative control system within the evaporative family.
    (C) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86 .09424(b) 
(1) (v) shall represent all vehicles of the same enginesystem 
combination as applicable.
    (D) The emission data vehicle(s) selected under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(1)(viii) shall represent all vehicles of the same evaporative 
control system within the evaporative emission family, as applicable.
    (iii) Heavy-duty engines. (A) An Otto-cycle emission data test 
engine selected under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(2)(iv) shall represent all 
engines in the same family of the same engine displacement-exhaust 
emission control system combination.
    (B) An Otto-cycle emission data test engine selected under 
Sec. 86.094-24(b)(2)(iii) shall represent all engines in the same engine 
family of the same engine displacement-exhaust emission control system 
combination.

[[Page 281]]

    (C) A diesel emission data test engine selected under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(3)(ii) shall represent all engines in the same engine-system 
combination.
    (D) A diesel emission data test engine selected under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(3)(iii) shall represent all engines of that emission control 
system at the rated fuel delivery of the test engine.
    (iv) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. A 
statement of compliance submitted under Sec. 86.094-23(b)(4) (i) or (ii) 
shall represent all vehicles in the same evaporative emission family-
evaporative emission control system combination.
    (2) The Administrator will proceed as in paragraph (a) of this 
section with respect to the vehicles (or engines) belonging to an engine 
family or engine family-evaporative emission family combination (as 
applicable), all of which comply with all applicable standards (or 
family emission limits, as appropriate).
    (3) If after a review of the test reports and data submitted by the 
manufacturer, data derived from any additional testing conducted 
pursuant to Sec. 86.091-29, data or information derived from any 
inspection carried out under Sec. 86.094-7(d) or any other pertinent 
data or information, the Administrator determines that one or more test 
vehicles (or test engines) of the certification test fleet do not meet 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate), he 
will notify the manufacturer in writing, setting forth the basis for his 
determination. Within 30 days following receipt of the notification, the 
manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's determination. 
The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized representative 
of the manufacturer and shall include a statement specifying the 
manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determination and data 
in support of such objections. If, after a review of the request and 
supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises a 
substantial factual issue, he shall provide the manufacturer a hearing 
in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 with respect to such issue.
    (4) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks the manufacturer 
may, at its option, proceed with any of the following alternatives with 
respect to an emission data vehicle determined not in compliance with 
all applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for 
which it was tested:
    (i) Request a hearing under Sec. 86.078-6; or
    (ii) Remove the vehicle configuration (or evaporative vehicle 
configuration, as applicable) which failed, from his application:
    (A) If the failed vehicle was tested for compliance with exhaust 
emission standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) only: The 
Administrator may select, in place of the failed vehicle, in accordance 
with the selection criteria employed in selecting the failed vehicle, a 
new emission data vehicle to be tested for exhaust emission compliance 
only; or
    (B) If the failed vehicle was tested for compliance with both 
exhaust and evaporative emission standards: The Administrator may 
select, in place of the failed vehicle, in accordance with the selection 
criteria employed in selecting the failed vehicle, a new emission data 
vehicle which will be tested for compliance with both exhaust and 
evaporative emission standards. If one vehicle cannot be selected in 
accordance with the selection criteria employed in selecting the failed 
vehicle, then two vehicles may be selected (i.e., one vehicle to satisfy 
the exhaust emission vehicle selection criteria and one vehicle to 
satisfy the evaporative emission vehicle selection criteria). The 
vehicle selected to satisfy the exhaust emission vehicle selection 
criteria will be tested for compliance with exhaust emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate) only. The vehicle selected 
to satisfy the evaporative emission vehicle selection criteria will be 
tested for compliance with both exhaust and evaporative emission 
standards; or
    (iii) Remove the vehicle configuration (or evaporative vehicle 
configuration, as applicable) which failed from the application and add 
a vehicle configuration(s) (or evaporative vehicle configuration(s), as 
applicable) not previously listed. The Administrator may require, if 
applicable, that the failed vehicle be modified to the new engine code 
(or evaporative emission code, as

[[Page 282]]

applicable) and demonstrate by testing that it meets applicable 
standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for which it was 
originally tested. In addition, the Administrator may select, in 
accordance with the vehicle selection criteria given in Sec. 86.094-
24(b), a new emission data vehicle or vehicles. The vehicles selected to 
satisfy the exhaust emission vehicle selection criteria will be tested 
for compliance with exhaust emission standards (or family emission 
limits, as appropriate) only. The vehicles selected to satisfy the 
evaporative emission vehicle selection criteria will be tested for 
compliance with both exhaust and evaporative emission standards (or 
family emission limits, as appropriate); or
    (iv) Correct a component or system malfunction and show that with a 
correctly functioning system or component the failed vehicle meets 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for 
which it was originally tested. The Administrator may require a new 
emission data vehicle, of identical vehicle configuration (or 
evaporative vehicle configuration, as applicable) to the failed vehicle, 
to be operated and tested for compliance with the applicable standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate) for which the failed vehicle 
was originally tested.
    (5) For heavy-duty engines the manufacturer may, at his option, 
proceed with any of the following alternatives with respect to any 
engine family represented by a test engine (s) determined not in 
compliance with applicable standards (or family emission limit, as 
appropriate):
    (i) Request a hearing under Sec. 86.078-6; or
    (ii) Delete from the application for certification the engines 
represented by the failing test engine. (Engines so deleted may be 
included in a later request for certification under Sec. 86.079-32.) The 
Administrator may then select in place of each failing engine an 
alternate engine chosen in accordance with selection criteria employed 
in selecting the engine that failed; or
    (iii) Modify the test engine and demonstrate by testing that it 
meets applicable standards. Another engine which is in all material 
respect the same as the first engine, as modified, may then be operated 
and tested in accordance with applicable test procedures.
    (6) If the manufacturer does not request a hearing or present the 
required data under paragraphs (b) (4) or (5) of this section (as 
applicable) of this section, the Administrator will deny certification.
    (c)(1) Notwithstanding the fact that any certification vehicle(s) 
(or certification engine(s)) may comply with other provisions of this 
subpart, the Administrator may withhold or deny the issuance of a 
certificate of conformity (or suspend or revoke any such certificate 
which has been issued) with respect to any such vehicle(s) (or 
engine(s)) if:
    (i) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information in his 
application for certification thereof;
    (ii) The manufacturer renders inaccurate any test data which he 
submits pertaining thereto or otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Act, or of this part with respect to such vehicle (or engine);
    (iii) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied access on the terms 
specified in Sec. 86.091-7(d) to any facility or portion thereof which 
contains any of the following:
    (A) The vehicle (or engine);
    (B) Any components used or considered for use in its modification or 
buildup into a certification vehicle (or certification engine);
    (C) Any production vehicle (or production engine) which is or will 
be claimed by the manufacturer to be covered by the certificate;
    (D) Any step in the construction of a vehicle (or engine) described 
in paragraph (c)(iii)(C) of this section;
    (E) Any records, documents, reports, or histories required by this 
part to be kept concerning any of the above; or
    (iv) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied ``reasonable assistance'' 
(as defined in Sec. 86.091-7(d) in examining any of the items listed in 
paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (2) The sanctions of withholding, denying, revoking, or suspending 
of a certificate may be imposed for the reasons in paragraphs (c)(1) 
(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section only when the infraction is 
substantial.

[[Page 283]]

    (3) In any case in which a manufacturer knowingly submits false or 
inaccurate information or knowingly renders inaccurate or invalid any 
test data or commits any other fraudulent acts and such acts contribute 
substantially to the Administrator's decision to issue a certificate of 
conformity, the Administrator may deem such certificate void ab initio.
    (4) In any case in which certification of a vehicle (or engine) is 
proposed to be withheld, denied, revoked, or suspended under paragraph 
(c)(1) (iii) or (iv) of this section, and in which the Administrator has 
presented to the manufacturer involved reasonable evidence that a 
violation of Sec. 86.091-7(d) in fact occurred, the manufacturer, if he 
wishes to contend that, even though the violation occurred, the vehicle 
(or engine) in question was not involved in the violation to a degree 
that would warrant withholding, denial, revocation, or suspension of 
certification under either paragraph (c)(1) (iii) or (iv) of this 
section, shall have the burden of establishing that contention to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator.
    (5) Any revocation or suspension of certification under paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section shall:
    (i) Be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered 
an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.078-6 
hereof; and
    (ii) Extend no further than to forbid the introduction into commerce 
of vehicles (or engines) previously covered by the certification which 
are still in the hands of the manufacturer, except in cases of such 
fraud or other misconduct as makes the certification invalid ab initio.
    (6) The manufacturer may request in the form and manner specified in 
paragraph (b)(3) of this section that any determination made by the 
Administrator under paragraph (c)(1) of this section to withhold or deny 
certification be reviewed in a hearing conducted in accordance with 
Sec. 86.078-6. If the Administrator finds, after a review of the request 
and supporting data, that the request raises a substantial factual 
issue, he will grant the request with respect to such issue.
    (d)(1) For light-duty vehicles. Notwithstanding the fact that any 
vehicle configuration or engine family may be covered by a valid 
outstanding certificate of conformity, the Administrator may suspend 
such outstanding certificate of conformity in whole or in part with 
respect to such vehicle configuration or engine family if:
    (i) The manufacturer refuses to comply with the provisions of a test 
order issued by the Administrator pursuant to Sec. 86.603; or
    (ii) The manufacturer refuses to comply with any of the requirements 
of Sec. 86.603; or
    (iii) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information in 
any report or information provided pursuant to the requirements of 
Sec. 86.609; or
    (iv) The manufacturer renders inaccurate any test data which he 
submits pursuant to Sec. 86.609; or
    (v) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied the opportunity to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in Sec. 86.606 of 
this part and in a warrant or court order presented to the manufacturer 
or the party in charge of a facility in question; or
    (vi) EPA Enforcement Officers are unable to conduct activities 
related to entry and access or to obtain ``reasonable assistance'' as 
authorized in Sec. 86.606 of this part because a manufacturer has 
located its facility in a foreign jurisdiction where local law prohibits 
those activities; or
    (vii) The manufacturer refuses to or in fact does not comply with 
Sec. 86.604(a), Sec. 86.605, Sec. 86.607, Sec. 86.608, or Sec. 86.610.
    (2) The sanction of suspending a certificate may not be imposed for 
the reasons in paragraph (d)(1) (i), (ii), or (vii) of this section 
where the refusal is caused by conditions and circumstances outside the 
control of the manufacturer which render it impossible to comply with 
those requirements.
    (3) The sanction of suspending a certificate may be imposed for the 
reasons in paragraph (d)(1) (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section only 
when the infraction is substantial.
    (4) In any case in which a manufacturer knowingly submitted false or 
inaccurate information or knowingly rendered inaccurate any test data or 
committed any other fraudulent acts,

[[Page 284]]

and such acts contributed substantially to the Administrator's original 
decision not to suspend or revoke a certificate of conformity in whole 
or in part, the Administrator may deem such certificate void from the 
date of such fraudulent act.
    (5) In any case in which certification of a vehicle is proposed to 
be suspended under paragraph (d)(1)(v) of this section and in which the 
Administrator has presented to the manufacturer involved reasonable 
evidence that a violation of Sec. 86.606 in fact occurred, if the 
manufacturer wishes to contend that, although the violation occurred, 
the vehicle configuration or engine family in question was not involved 
in the violation to a degree that would warrant suspension of 
certification under paragraph (d)(1)(v) of this section, the 
manufacturer shall have the burden of establishing the contention to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator.
    (6) Any suspension of certification under paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section shall:
    (i) Be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered 
an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.614; 
and
    (ii) Not apply to vehicles no longer in the hands of the 
manufacturer.
    (7) Any voiding of a certificate of conformity under paragraph 
(d)(4) of this section will be made only after the manufacturer 
concerned has been offered an opportunity for a hearing conducted in 
accordance with Sec. 86.614.
    (8) Any voiding of the certificate under Sec. 86.091-30(a)(10) will 
be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered an 
opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.614.
    (e) For light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines. (1) 
Notwithstanding the fact that any vehicle configuration or engine family 
may be covered by a valid outstanding certificate of conformity, the 
Administrator may suspend such outstanding certificate of conformity in 
whole or in part with respect to such vehicle or engine configuration or 
engine family if:
    (i) The manufacturer refuses to comply with the provisions of a test 
order issued by the Administrator pursuant to Sec. 86.1003; or
    (ii) The manufacturer refuses to comply with any of the requirements 
of Sec. 86.1003; or
    (iii) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information in 
any report or information provided pursuant to the requirements of 
Sec. 86.1009; or
    (iv) The manufacturer renders inaccurate any test data submitted 
pursuant to Sec. 86.1009; or
    (v) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied the opportunity to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in Sec. 86.1006 of 
this part and in a warrant or court order presented to the manufacturer 
or the party in charge of a facility in question; or
    (vi) EPA Enforcement Officers are unable to conduct activities 
related to entry and access as authorized in Sec. 86.1006 of this part 
because a manufacturer has located a facility in a foreign jurisdiction 
where local law prohibits those activities; or
    (vii) The manufacturer refuses to or in fact does not comply with 
the requirements of Secs. 86.1004(a), 86.1005, 86.1007, 86.1008, 
86.1010, 86.1011, or 86.1013.
    (2) The sanction of suspending a certificate may not be imposed for 
the reasons in paragraph (e)(1) (i), (ii), or (vii) of this section 
where such refusal or denial is caused by conditions and circumstances 
outside the control of the manufacturer which renders it impossible to 
comply with those requirements. Such conditions and circumstances shall 
include, but are not limited to, any uncontrollable factors which result 
in the temporary unavailability of equipment and personnel needed to 
conduct the required tests, such as equipment breakdown or failure or 
illness of personnel, but shall not include failure of the manufacturers 
to adequately plan for and provide the equipment and personnel needed to 
conduct the tests. The manufacturer will bear the burden of establishing 
the presence of the conditions and circumstances required by this 
paragraph.
    (3) The sanction of suspending a certificate may be imposed for the 
reasons outlined in paragraph (e)(1) (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section 
only when the infraction is substantial.

[[Page 285]]

    (4) In any case in which a manufacturer knowingly submitted false or 
inaccurate information or knowingly rendered inaccurate any test data or 
committed any other fraudulent acts, and such acts contributed 
substantially to the Administrator's original decision not to suspend or 
revoke a certificate of conformity in whole or in part, the 
Administrator may deem such certificate void from the date of such 
fraudulent act.
    (5) In any case in which certification of a light-duty truck or 
heavy-duty engine is proposed to be suspended under paragraph (e)(1)(v) 
of this section and in which the Administrator has presented to the 
manufacturer involved reasonable evidence that a violation of 
Sec. 86.1006 in fact occurred, if the manufacturer wishes to contend 
that, although the violation occurred, the vehicle or engine 
configuration or engine family in question was not involved in the 
violation to a degree that would warrant suspension of certification 
under paragraph (e)(1)(v) of this section, he shall have the burden of 
establishing that contention to the satisfaction of the Administrator.
    (6) Any suspension of certification under paragraph (e)(1) of this 
section shall:
    (i) Be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered 
an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.1014; 
and
    (ii) Not apply to vehicles or engines no longer in the hands of the 
manufacturer.
    (7) Any voiding of a certificate of conformity under paragraph 
(e)(4) of this section shall be made only after the manufacturer 
concerned has been offered an opportunity for a hearing conducted in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1014.
    (8) Any voiding of the certificate under paragraph (a) (10) or (11) 
of this section will be made only after the manufacturer concerned has 
been offered an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1014.
    (f) For engine families required to have an emission control 
diagnostic system, certification will not be granted if, for any 
emission data vehicle or other test vehicle approved by the 
Administrator, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under 
any of the following circumstances, or if, for any assembly line 
vehicle, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under the 
circumstances described in paragraph (f)(4) of this section. Only 
paragraph (f)(4) of this section applies for diesel cycle vehicles.
    (1) A catalyst is replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst 
or electronic simulation of such resulting in both an exhaust emission 
exceedance of 0.6 g/mi HC and an exhaust emission increase of 0.4 g/mi 
HC on a normal temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission certification 
test.
    (2) A misfire condition is induced resulting in an increase in 
emissions of greater than 0.4 g/mi HC or 3.4 g/mi CO or 1.0 g/mi 
NOX on a normal temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission 
certification test.
    (3) Any oxygen sensor is replaced with a deteriorated or defective 
oxygen sensor, or the operation of such a sensor is simulated, resulting 
in an increase in emissions of 0.2 g/mi HC or 1.7 g/mi CO or 0.5 g/mi 
NOX on a normal temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission 
certification test.
    (4) The electronic evaporative purge control device (if equipped) is 
disconnected or the operation of any emission-related powertrain 
component connected to a computer results in an increase in emissions of 
0.2 g/mi HC or 1.7 g/mi CO or 0.5 g/mi NOX on a normal 
temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission certification test.

[58 FR 4028, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 9487, Feb. 19, 1993; 60 
FR 15247, Mar. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.094-35  Labeling.

    Section 86.094-35 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.092-35. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.092-35 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.094-35, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.092-35.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.092-35 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) 
subject to the applicable emission standards (and family emission 
limits, as appropriate) of this subpart, shall, at the

[[Page 286]]

time of manufacture, affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in 
the manner described below, containing the information hereinafter 
provided, to all production models of such vehicles (or engines) 
available for sale to the public and covered by a Certificate of 
Conformity under Sec. 86.091-30(a).
    (1) Light-duty vehicles. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be 
affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), engine family 
identification, and evaporative family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as applicable), including but not limited to 
idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing and valve lash (as 
applicable), as well as other parameters deemed necessary by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tuneup and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to light-duty vehicles;
    (F) The exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) to which the engine family is certified, and the 
corresponding exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) which the engine family must meet in-use;
    (G) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at high altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.090-8(h):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only,
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude, and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude;
    (H) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at low altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.094-8(i):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at high 
altitude only, and
    (2) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at low 
altitude;
    (I) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-
related components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate 
label for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is placed in a visible and accessible position as provided in 
this section;
    (J) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (K) If applicable, a statement that the vehicle is exempt from cold 
temperature carbon monoxide standards.
    (L) Vehicles which have been certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.094-8(j) must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 86.1606.
    (2) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified 
in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions. (i) A

[[Page 287]]

legible permanent label shall be affixed in a readily visible position 
in the engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Important Vehicle Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine family displacement (in cubic inches), engine family 
identification, and evaporative family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), including but not limited 
to idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing, and valve lash (as 
applicable), as well as other parameters deemed necessary by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tune-up and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation. If adjustments or 
modifications to the vehicle are necessary to insure compliance with 
emission standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) at either 
high or low altitude, the manufacturer shall either include the 
instructions for such adjustments on the label, or indicate on the label 
where instructions for such adjustments may be found. The label shall 
indicate whether the engine tune-up or adjustment specifications are 
applicable to high altitude, low altitude or both;
    (E)(1) Light-duty trucks. The prominent statement, ``This vehicle 
conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New 
Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. The prominent statement, ``This heavy-duty 
vehicle conforms to the U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model 
Year Light-Duty Trucks under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.092-
1(b).'';
    (F) [Reserved]
    (G) A statement, if applicable, that the adjustments or 
modifications indicated on the label are necessary to ensure emission 
control compliance at the altitude specified;
    (H) A statement, if applicable, that the high-altitude vehicle was 
designated or modified for principal use at high altitude. This 
statement must be affixed by the manufacturer at the time of assembly or 
by any dealer who performs the high-altitude modification or adjustment 
prior to sale to an ultimate purchaser;
    (I) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
high-altitude emission standards, as specified in Sec. 86.094-9(g)(2):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only;
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude; and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude;
    (J) The exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) to which the engine family is certified, and the 
corresponding exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) which the engine family must meet in-use;
    (K) [Reserved]
    (L) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-
related components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate 
label for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is

[[Page 288]]

placed in a visible and accessible position as provided by this section.
    (M) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (N) If applicable, a statement that the vehicle is exempt from cold 
temperature carbon monoxide standards.
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. (i) A permanent legible label shall be 
affixed to the engine in a position in which it will be readily visible 
after installation in the vehicle.
    (ii) The label shall be attached to an engine part necessary for 
normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during 
engine life.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Important Engine Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters) and engine 
family and model designations;
    (D) Date of engine manufacture (month and year). The manufacturer 
may, in lieu of including the date of manufacture on the engine label, 
maintain a record of the engine manufacture dates. The manufacturer 
shall provide the date of manufacture records to the Administrator upon 
request;
    (E) Engine specifications and adjustments as recommended by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tune-up and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (F) For Otto-cycle engines the label should include the idle speed, 
ignition timing, and the idle air-fuel mixture setting procedure and 
value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed drop), and valve 
lash;
    (G) For diesel engines the label should include the advertised hp at 
rpm, fuel rate at advertised hp in mm \3\/stroke, valve lash, initial 
injection timing, and idle speed;
    (H) The prominent statement: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New Heavy-Duty Engines.''
    (I) If the manufacturer is provided with an alternate useful life 
period under the provisions of Sec. 86.094-21(f), the prominent 
statement: ``This engine has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards 
for a useful-life period of XXX miles or XXX hours of operation, 
whichever occurs first. This engine's actual life may vary depending on 
its service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement 
only to express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than 
miles or hours (e.g., years, or hours only);
    (J) For diesel engines. The prominent statement: ``This engine has a 
primary intended service application as a XXX heavy-duty engine.'' (The 
primary intended service applications are light, medium, and heavy, as 
defined in Sec. 86.090-2.)
    (K) For Otto-cycle engines. One of the following statements, as 
applicable:
    (1) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(1)(i) or (iii), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use in all heavy-duty vehicles.''
    (2) For gasoline-fueled engines certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3)(i), the statement: ``This engine is certified for 
use in all heavy-duty vehicles under the special provision of 40 CFR 
86.091-10(a)(3)(i).''
    (3) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(1)(ii) or (iv), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use only in heavy-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle 
weight rating above 14,000 lbs.''
    (L) For diesel engines which are included in the diesel heavy-duty 
particulate averaging program, the family particulate emission limit to 
which the engine is certified.
    (M) For any heavy-duty engines which are included in the heavy-duty 
NOX averaging program, the family NOX emission 
limit to which the engine is certified.
    (N) Engines granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (O) For diesel engines which have been certified to comply with the 
urban bus particulate standard of 40

[[Page 289]]

CFR 86.094-11(a)(1)(iv)(A), the statement ``This engine is certified for 
use in an urban bus as defined at 40 CFR 86.093-2.'' Unless waived by 
the Administrator on the basis of impracticality, for diesel engines not 
certified to comply with the urban bus particulate standard, the 
statement ``This engine is not certified for use in an urban bus as 
defined at 40 CFR 86.093-2. Sales of this engine for use in an urban bus 
is a violation of Federal law under the Clean Air Act.''
    (iv) The label may be made up of one or more pieces: Provided, That 
all pieces are permanently attached to the same engine or vehicle part 
as applicable.
    (4) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. (i) A 
permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible position 
in the engine compartment. If such vehicles do not have an engine 
compartment, the label required in this paragraph (a)(4) and paragraph 
(g)(1) of this section shall be affixed in a readily visible position on 
the operator's enclosure or on the engine.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the Certificate of Conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Evaporative family identification;
    (D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gallons) for which 
the evaporative control system is certified; and
    (E) One of the following, as appropriate:
    (1) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles;
    (2) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles;
    (F) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a manufacturer 
from also reciting on the label that such vehicle (or engine) conforms 
to any applicable state emission standards for new motor vehicles (or 
new motor vehicle engines) or any other information that such 
manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, the proper operation and 
satisfactory maintenance of the vehicle (or engine).
    (c)(1) The manufacturer of any light-duty vehicle or light-duty 
truck subject to the emission standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart shall, in addition and subsequent to 
setting forth those statements on the label required by the Department 
of Transportation (DOT) pursuant to 49 CFR 567.4, set forth on the DOT 
label or an additional label located in proximity to the DOT label and 
affixed as described in 49 CFR 567.4(b), the following information in 
the English language, lettered in block letters and numerals not less 
than three thirty-seconds of an inch high, of a color that contrasts 
with the background of the label:
    (i) The heading: ``Vehicle Emission Control Information.''
    (ii)(A) For light-duty vehicles, The statement: ``This Vehicle 
Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to 19XX Model Year New Motor 
Vehicles.''
    (B) For light-duty trucks, (1) The statement: ``This vehicle 
conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New 
Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (2) [Reserved]
    (iii) One of the following statements, as applicable, in letters and 
numerals not less than six thirty-seconds of an inch high and of a color 
that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) For all vehicles certified as noncatalyst-equipped: ``NON-
CATALYST'';

[[Page 290]]

    (B) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which approval 
has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST--APPROVED FOR IMPORT'';
    (C) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are not 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which prior 
approval has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST''.
    (2) In lieu of selecting either of the labeling options of paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may add the information 
required by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section to the label required 
by paragraph (a) of this section. The required information will be set 
forth in the manner prescribed by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks or incomplete heavy-duty vehicles 
optionally certified in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions 
shall have one of the following prominent statements, as applicable, 
printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section in 
lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(2)(iii)(E) of this 
section.
    (1) Light-duty trucks. The statement, ``This vehicle conforms to 
U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks 
when it does not exceed XX pounds in curb weight, XX pounds in gross 
vehicle weight rating, and XX square feet in frontal area.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. ``This heavy-duty vehicle conforms to the 
U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year Light-Duty Trucks 
under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.085-1(b) when it does not 
exceed XXX pounds in curb weight, XXX pounds in gross vehicle weight 
rating, and XXX square feet in frontal area.''
    (e) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles having a gross vehicle weight 
rating of 8,500 pounds or less shall have one of the following 
statements printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section in lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(H) of 
this section: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable 
to 19XX Model Year Heavy-Duty Engines when installed in a vehicle 
completed at a curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds or with a frontal 
area of greater than 45 square feet.''
    (f) The manufacturer of any incomplete light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck shall notify the purchaser of such vehicle of any curb 
weight, frontal area, or gross vehicle weight rating limitations 
affecting the emission certificate applicable to that vehicle. This 
notification shall be transmitted in a manner consistent with National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety notification requirements 
published in 49 CFR part 568.
    (g) Incomplete vehicle fuel tank capacity. (1)(i) Incomplete 
gasoline-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have the following prominent 
statement printed on the label required in paragraph (a)(4) of this 
section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has determined that this 
vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year 
New Gasoline-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when completed with a nominal 
fuel tank capacity not to exceed XXX gallons. Persons wishing to add 
fuel tank capacity beyond the above maximum must submit a written 
statement to the Administrator that the hydrocarbon storage system has 
been upgraded according to the requirements of 40 CFR 86.092-35(g)(2).''
    (ii) Incomplete methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall have the 
following prominent statement printed on the label required in paragraph 
(a)(4) of this section: ``(Manufacturer's corporate name) has determined 
that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX 
Model Year New Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when completed with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed XXX gallons. Persons wishing to 
add fuel tank capacity beyond the above maximum must submit a written 
statement to the Administrator that the hydrocarbon storage system has 
been upgraded according to the requirements of 40 CFR 86.091-35(g)(2).''
    (2) Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the maximum 
specified on the label required in paragraph (g)(1) of this section 
shall:

[[Page 291]]

    (i) Increase the amount of fuel tank vapor storage material 
according to the following function:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.011

Where:
Capf=final amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, grams.
Capi=initial amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, 
grams.
T. Vol.=total fuel tank volume of completed vehicle, gallons.
Max. Vol.=maximum fuel tank volume as specified on the label required in 
paragraph (g)(1) of this section, gallons.

    (ii) Use, if applicable, hosing for fuel vapor routing which is at 
least as impermeable to hydrocarbon vapors as that used by the primary 
manufacturer.
    (iii) Use vapor storage material with the same absorptive 
characteristics as that used by the primary manufacturer.
    (iv) Connect, if applicable, any new hydrocarbon storage device to 
the existing hydrocarbon storage device in series such that the original 
hydrocarbon storage device is situated between the fuel tank and the new 
hydrocarbon storage device. The original hydrocarbon storage device 
shall be sealed such that vapors cannot reach the atmosphere. The 
elevation of the original hydrocarbon storage device shall be equal to 
or lower than the new hydrocarbon storage device.
    (v) Submit a written statement to the Administrator that paragraphs 
(g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(iv) of this section have been complied with.
    (3) If applicable, the Administrator will send a return letter 
verifying the receipt of the written statement required in paragraph 
(g)(2)(v) of this section.
    (h) Notification of nonconformance penalty. (1) Light-duty trucks 
and heavy-duty vehicles and engines for which nonconformance penalties 
are to be paid in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(b) shall have the 
following information printed on the label required in paragraph (a) of 
this section. The manufacturer shall begin labeling production engines 
or vehicles within 10 days after the completion of the production 
compliance audity (PCA).
    (i) The statement: ``The manufacturer of this engine/vehicle will 
pay a nonconformance penalty to be allowed to introduce it into commerce 
at an emission level higher than the applicable emission standard. The 
compliance level (or new emission standard) for this engine/vehicle is 
XXX.'' (The manufacturer shall insert the applicable pollutant and 
compliance level calculated in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(a).)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (2) If a manufacturer introduces an engine or vehicle into commerce 
prior to the compliance level determination of Sec. 86.1112-87(a), it 
shall provide the engine or vehicle owner with a label as described 
above to be affixed in a location in proximity to the label required in 
paragraph (a) of this section within 30 days of the completion of the 
PCA.
    (i) All light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks shall comply with 
SAE Recommended Practices J1877 ``Recommended Practice for Bar-Coded 
Vehicle Identification Number Label,'' (MAY88), and J1892 ``Recommended 
Practice for Bar-Coded Vehicle Emission Configuration Label,'' (MAY88) 
except that label characters 3 through 7 as specified in J1892 shall be 
consistent with the standardized engine family name as revised by EPA 
for the application model year. SAE J1877 and J1892 are incorporated by 
reference. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director 
of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR 
part 51. Copies may be obtained from the Society of Automotive 
Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. 
Copies may be inspected at Docket No. A-90-35 at EPA's Air Docket (LE-
131), room 1500M, 1st Floor, Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW., 
Washington, DC, or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North 
Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC.

[56 FR 25750, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31907, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 4035, Jan. 12, 1993; 58 FR 9487, Feb. 19, 1993; 58 FR 15799, Mar. 24, 
1993; 58 FR 33209, June 16, 1993]



Sec. 86.094-38  Maintenance instructions.

    Section 86.094-38 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Sec. 86.087-38. Where a

[[Page 292]]

paragraph in Sec. 86.087-38 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.094-
38, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and 
the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.087-38.''.
    (a) through (f) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.087-38.
    (g) Emission control diagnostic service information:
    (1) Manufacturers shall furnish or cause to be furnished to any 
person engaged in the repairing or servicing of motor vehicles or motor 
vehicle engines, or the Administrator upon request, any and all 
information needed to make use of the on-board diagnostic system and 
such other information, including instructions for making emission-
related diagnosis and repairs, including, but not limited to, service 
manuals, technical service bulletins, recall service information, data 
stream information, bi-directional control information, and training 
information, unless such information is protected by section 208(c) as a 
trade secret. No such information may be withheld under section 208(c) 
of the Act if that information is provided (directly or indirectly) by 
the manufacturer to franchised dealers or other persons engaged in the 
repair, diagnosing, or servicing of motor vehicles or motor vehicle 
engines.
    (2) Emission-related information includes, but is not limited to:
    (i) Information regarding any system, component or part of a vehicle 
that controls emissions and any system, components and/or parts 
associated with the powertrain system, including, but not limited to, 
the fuel system and ignition system;
    (ii) Information for any system, component, or part that is likely 
to impact emissions, such as transmission systems; and
    (iii) Any other information specified by the Administrator to be 
relevant for the diagnosis and repair of an emission failure found 
through the Inspection and Maintenance program, after such finding has 
been communicated to the affected manufacturer(s).
    (3) All information required to be made available by this section 
shall be made available to persons referred to in this section at a fair 
and reasonable price, as determined by the Administrator. In reaching a 
decision, the Administrator shall consider all relevant factors, 
including, but not limited to, the cost to the manufacturer of preparing 
and/or providing the information, the type of information, the format in 
which it is provided, the price charged by other manufacturers for 
similar information, the differences that exist among manufacturers 
(e.g., the size of the manufacturer), the quantity of material contained 
in a publication, the detail of the information, the cost of the 
information prior to the effective date of this section, volume 
discounts, and inflation.
    (4) Any information which is not provided at a fair and reasonable 
price shall be considered unavailable.
    (5) By December 7, 1995, each manufacturer shall provide in a manner 
specified in paragraph (g)(9) of this section an index of the 
information required to be made available by this section for 1994 and 
later model year vehicles which have been offered for sale; this 
requirement does not apply to indirect information, including the 
information specified in paragraph (g)(10) of this section. This index 
shall:
    (i) Be updated on the first and third Monday of each month;
    (ii) Provide titles that either adequately describes the contents of 
the document to which it refers or provides a brief description of the 
information contained in that document; and
    (iii) Provide the cost of information and where it can be obtained.
    (6) For vehicle models introduced more than four months after the 
effective date of this section, manufacturers shall make the information 
required under this section available to persons specified in paragraph 
(g)(1) of this section at the same time it is made available to 
dealerships, except as otherwise specified in this section.
    (7) Each manufacturer shall maintain the index of information 
specified in paragraph (g)(5) of this section on FedWorld or other 
database designated by the Administrator. Manufacturers shall inform 
persons specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section about the 
availability of the index in a manner prescribed by the Administrator.

[[Page 293]]

    (8) Each manufacturer shall be responsible for paying its pro rata 
share of any costs associated with establishing and maintaining the 
index of emission-related service and repair information provided for in 
paragraphs (g)(5) and (g)(7) of this section.
    (9) Manufacturers or their designated distributors must mail 
requested information within one business day of receiving an order, and 
shall provide overnight delivery if the ordering party requests it and 
assumes the cost of delivery.
    (10) All emission-related data stream information made available to 
manufacturers' franchised dealerships (or others in the service 
industry) shall be made available to the persons indicated in paragraph 
(g)(1) of this section either through provision of manufacturer 
equipment and tools or through provision of such information to 
equipment and tool manufacturers.
    (11) Effective January 1,1997, a manufacturer shall only provide bi-
directional control to its franchised dealerships if it provides 
equipment and tool manufacturers with information to make diagnostic 
equipment with the same bi-directional control capabilities available to 
the dealerships, or if it provides such capabilities directly to persons 
specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section by offering for sale at a 
reasonable cost through manufacturer tools.
    (12) Manufacturers shall make data stream information and bi-
directional control information available for all model years beginning 
with model year 1994 as specified in paragraphs (g)(10) and (g)(11) of 
this section. If a manufacturer can demonstrate, to the satisfaction of 
the Administrator, that safeguards for bi-directional controls are only 
installed in tools, not in vehicle on-board computers, then that 
manufacturer may receive a waiver from producing bi-directional controls 
for vehicles prior to the 1997 model year.
    (13) Effective December 1, 1997, manufacturers shall make available 
in the manner described in paragraph (g)(16) of this section to persons 
specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section reprogramming capability 
for all emission-related reprogramming events (including driveability 
reprogramming events that may affect emissions) that were issued prior 
to December 1, 1997 by manufacturers and that were made available to any 
manufacturer dealerships for model years 1994 through 1997; and 
manufacturers shall make available to persons indicated in paragraph 
(g)(1) of this section in the manner described in paragraph (g)(16) of 
this section reprogramming capability for all emission-related 
reprogramming events (including driveability reprogramming events that 
may affect emissions) that are issued by manufacturers on or after 
December 1, 1997, for 1994 and later model years at the same time they 
are made available to dealerships.
    (14) For all vehicles, reprogramming need not be provided for any 
recalibrations performed prior to vehicles entering the stream of 
commerce (i.e., sale to first purchaser).
    (15) If a manufacturer can demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator, that hardware would have to be retroactively installed on 
vehicles to meet security measures implemented by the manufacturer, the 
manufacturer may receive a waiver from the requirements of paragraph 
(g)(13) of this section for model years 1994 through 1996.
    (16) Manufacturers shall either offer for sale at a competitive 
market price a reprogramming tool that interfaces with a substantial 
majority of generic portable computers or make available to aftermarket 
tool and equipment companies information that would enable them to 
manufacture such a tool. Any method adopted by a manufacturer by which 
reprogramming is made available to persons specified in paragraph (g)(1) 
of this section shall not impose a significant burden on such providers 
beyond that experienced by dealerships.
    (17) Manufacturers shall be responsible for ensuring that persons 
specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section shall have access to 
reprogramming services at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner.
    (18) Manufacturers shall provide persons specified in paragraph 
(g)(1) of this section with an efficient and cost-

[[Page 294]]

effective method for identifying whether the calibrations on vehicles 
are the latest to be issued.
    (19) Manufacturers shall either make available to aftermarket tool 
and equipment companies no later than the date of model introduction any 
and all information, except calibrations and recalibrations, needed to 
develop and manufacture generic tools that can be used by persons 
specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section to diagnose, service and 
repair emission-related parts, components and systems or manufacturers 
may sell their own diagnostic tools and equipment to persons specified 
in paragraph (g)(1) of this section if the price of such tools is 
reasonable.
    (20) A manufacturer is subject to a penalty of up to $25,000 per day 
per violation for failure to make available the information required by 
this section.

[60 FR 40496, Aug. 9, 1995, as amended at 62 FR 31233, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.095-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    Section 86.095-14 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-14. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-14 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.095-14, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-14.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.094-14 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) through (c)(11)(ii)(B)(15) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(B)(16) A description of vehicle adjustments or 
modifications required by Secs. 86.094-8(j) and 86.094-9(j), if any, to 
assure that light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks covered by a 
certificate of conformity conform to the regulations while being 
operated at any altitude locations, and a statement of the altitude at 
which the adjustments or modifications apply.
    (17) A description of the light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks 
which are exempted from the high altitude emission standards.
    (18) Proof that the manufacturer has obtained or entered an 
agreement to purchase, when applicable, the insurance policy required by 
the Sec. 85.1510(b) of this chapter. The manufacturer may submit a copy 
of the insurance policy or purchase agreement as proof that the 
manufacturer has obtained or entered an agreement to purchase the 
insurance policy.
    (C) The results of all emission tests the manufacturer performs to 
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards.
    (D)(1) The following statement signed by the authorized 
representative of the manufacturer: ``The vehicles (or engines) 
described herein have been tested in accordance with (list of the 
applicable subparts A, B, D, I, M, N, or P) of part 86, title 40, Code 
of Federal Regulations, and on the basis of those tests are in 
conformance with that subpart. All of the data and records required by 
that subpart are on file and are available for inspection by the EPA 
Administrator. We project the total U.S. sales of vehicles (engines) 
subject to this subpart (including all vehicles and engines imported 
under the provisions of 40 CFR 85.1505 and 40 CFR 85.1509) to be fewer 
than 10,000 units.''
    (2) A statement as required by and contained in Sec. 86.094-14(c)(5) 
signed by the authorized representative of the manufacturer.
    (3) A statement that the vehicles or engines described in the 
manufacturer's application for certification are not equipped with 
auxiliary emission control devices which can be classified as a defeat 
device as defined in Sec. 86.092-2.
    (4) A statement of compliance with section 206(a)(3) of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7525(a)(3)).
    (5) A statement that, based on the manufacturer's engineering 
evaluation and/or emission testing, the light-duty vehicles and light-
duty trucks comply with emission standards at high altitude unless 
exempt under Sec. 86.094-8(h) or Sec. 86.094-9(h).
    (6) [Reserved]
    (c)(11)(ii)(D)(7) through (c)(15) [Reserved] . For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-14.

[58 FR 4035, Jan. 12, 1993]



Sec. 86.095-23  Required data.

    (a) The manufacturer shall perform the tests required by the 
applicable test procedures and submit to the Administrator the 
information described in paragraphs (b) through (l) of this

[[Page 295]]

section, provided, however, that if requested by the manufacturer, the 
Administrator may waive any requirement of this section for testing of 
vehicle (or engine) for which emission data are available or will be 
made available under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-29.
    (b) Durability data. (1)(i) The manufacturer shall submit exhaust 
emission durability data on such light-duty vehicles tested in 
accordance with applicable test procedures and in such numbers as 
specified, which will show the performance of the systems installed on 
or incorporated in the vehicle for extended mileage, as well as a record 
of all pertinent maintenance performed on the test vehicles.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall submit exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines and all test data 
that are derived from the testing described under Sec. 86.094-
21(b)(5)(i)(A), as well as a record of all pertinent maintenance. Such 
testing shall be designed and conducted in accordance with good 
engineering practice to assure that the engines covered by a certificate 
issued under Sec. 86.094-30 will meet each emission standard (or family 
emission limit, as appropriate) in Sec. 86.094-9, Sec. 86.091-10, or 
Sec. 86.094-11 as appropriate, in actual use for the useful life 
applicable to that standard.
    (2) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the manufacturer 
shall submit evaporative emission deterioration factors for each 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination and all test data that are derived from testing described 
under Sec. 86.094-21(b)(4)(i) designed and conducted in accordance with 
good engineering practice to assure that the vehicles covered by a 
certificate issued under Sec. 86.094-30 will meet the evaporative 
emission standards in Sec. 86.094-8 or Sec. 86.094-9, as appropriate, 
for the useful life of the vehicle.
    (3) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled engines, the manufacturer shall submit evaporative 
emission deterioration factors for each evaporative emission family-
evaporative emission control system combination identified in accordance 
with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(4)(ii). Furthermore, a statement that the test 
procedure(s) used to derive the deterioration factors includes, but need 
not be limited to, a consideration of the ambient effects of ozone and 
temperature fluctuations, and the service accumulation effects of 
vibration, time, and vapor saturation and purge cycling. The 
deterioration factor test procedure shall be designed and conducted in 
accordance with good engineering practice to assure that the vehicles 
covered by a certificate issued under Sec. 86.094-30 will meet the 
evaporative emission standards in Secs. 86.091-10 and Sec. 86.094-11 in 
actual use for the useful life of the engine. Furthermore, a statement 
that a description of the test procedure, as well as all data, analyses, 
and evaluations, is available to the Administrator upon request.
    (4)(i) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
up to 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
engines, the manufacturer shall submit a written statement to the 
Administrator certifying that the manufacturer's vehicles meet the 
standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or Sec. 86.094-11 (as applicable) as 
determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.094-28. Furthermore, the 
manufacturer shall submit a written statement to the Administrator that 
all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations, and other documents, 
on which the requested statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
greater than 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-
fueled engines, the manufacturer shall submit a written statement to the 
Administrator certifying that the manufacturer's evaporative emission 
control systems are designed, using good engineering practice, to meet 
the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or Sec. 86.094-11 (as applicable) as 
determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.094-28. Furthermore, the 
manufacturer shall submit a written statement to the Administrator that 
all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations, and other documents, 
on which the requested statement is based, are available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (c) Emission data--(1) Certification vehicles. The manufacturer 
shall submit

[[Page 296]]

emission data, including, in the case of methanol fuel, methanol, 
formaldehyde, and total hydrocarbon equivalent, on such vehicles tested 
in accordance with applicable test procedures and in such numbers as 
specified. These data shall include zero-mile data, if generated, and 
emission data generated for certification as required under Sec. 86.094-
26(a)(3)(i) or (ii). In lieu of providing emission data the 
Administrator may, on request of the manufacturer, allow the 
manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, 
development tests, or other information) that the engine will conform 
with certain applicable emission standards of Sec. 86.094-8 or 
Sec. 86.094-9. Standards eligible for such manufacturer requests are 
those for idle CO emissions, smoke emissions, or particulate emissions 
from methanol-fueled diesel-cycle certification vehicles, and those for 
particulate emissions from model year 1994 and later gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled Otto-cycle certification vehicles that are not certified 
to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(i), (ii), or Sec. 86.094-
8(a)(1)(i). Also eligible for such requests are standards for total 
hydrocarbon emissions from model year 1994 and later certification 
vehicles that are not certified to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-
9(a)(1)(i), (ii), or Sec. 86.094-8(a)(1)(i). By separate request, 
including appropriate supporting test data, the manufacturer may request 
that the Administrator also waive the requirement to measure particulate 
emissions when conducting Selective Enforcement Audit testing of Otto-
cycle vehicles.
    (2) Certification engines. (i) The manufacturer shall submit 
emission data on such engines tested in accordance with applicable 
emission test procedures of this subpart and in such numbers as 
specified. These data shall include zero-hour data, if generated, and 
emission data generated for certification as required under Sec. 86.094-
26(c)(4). In lieu of providing emission data on idle CO emissions or 
particulate emissions from methanol- fueled diesel-cycle certification 
engines, or on CO emissions from petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled 
diesel certification engines the Administrator may, on request of the 
manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of 
previous emission tests, development tests, or other information) that 
the engine will conform with the applicable emission standards of 
Sec. 86.094-11. In lieu of providing emission data on smoke emissions 
from methanol-fueled or petroleum-fueled diesel certification engines, 
the Administrator may, on the request of the manufacturer, allow the 
manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, 
development tests, or other information) that the engine will conform 
with the applicable emissions standards of Sec. 86.094-11, except for 
1995 and 1996 model year engines with particulate matter certification 
levels exceeding 0.10 grams per brake horsepower-hour and 1997 or later 
model year engines with a particulate matter certification level 
exceeding 0.25 grams per brake horsepower-hour. In lieu of providing 
emissions data on smoke emissions from petroleum-fueled or methanol-
fueled diesel engines when conducting Selective Enforcement Audit 
testing under 40 CFR part 86, subpart K, the Administrator may, on 
separate request of the manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to 
demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, development tests, 
or other information) that the engine will conform with the applicable 
smoke emissions standards of Sec. 86.094-11, except for 1995 and 1996 
model year engines with particulate matter certification levels 
exceeding 0.10 grams per brake horsepower-hour and 1997 or later model 
year engines with a particulate matter certification level exceeding 
0.25 grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (ii) For heavy-duty diesel engines, a manufacturer may submit hot-
start data only, in accordance with subpart N of this part, when making 
application for certification. However, for confirmatory, Selective 
Enforcement Audit, and recall testing by the Agency, both the cold-start 
and hot-start test data, as specified in subpart N of this part, will be 
included in the official results.
    (d) The manufacturer shall submit a statement that the vehicles (or 
engines) for which certification is requested conform to the 
requirements in Sec. 86.084-5(b), and that the descriptions

[[Page 297]]

of tests performed to ascertain compliance with the general standards in 
Sec. 86.084-5(b), and that the data derived from such tests are 
available to the Administrator upon request.
    (e)(1) The manufacturer shall submit a statement that the test 
vehicles (or test engines) for which data are submitted to demonstrate 
compliance with the applicable standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart are in all material respects as described 
in the manufacturer's application for certification, that they have been 
tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures utilizing the 
fuels and equipment described in the application for certification, and 
that on the basis of such tests the vehicles (or engines) conform to the 
requirements of this part. If such statements cannot be made with 
respect to any vehicle (or engine) tested, the vehicle (or engine) shall 
be identified, and all pertinent data relating thereto shall be supplied 
to the Administrator. If, on the basis of the data supplied and any 
additional data as required by the Administrator, the Administrator 
determines that the test vehicles (or test engine) was not as described 
in the application for certification or was not tested in accordance 
with the applicable test procedures utilizing the fuels and equipment as 
described in the application for certification, the Administrator may 
make the determination that the vehicle (or engine) does not meet the 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate). The 
provisions of Sec. 86.094-30(b) shall then be followed.
    (2) For evaporative emission durability, or light-duty truck or 
heavy-duty engine exhaust emission durability, the manufacturer shall 
submit a statement of compliance with paragraph (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2), or 
(b)(3) of this section, as applicable.
    (f) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the particulate 
averaging program for diesel light-duty vehicles and diesel light-duty 
trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is requested will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
particulate standard(s) to be exceeded, and
    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in one of the diesel particulate 
averaging programs, the number of vehicles produced in each engine 
family at each certified particulate FEL, along with the resulting 
production-weighted average particulate emission level.
    (g) Additionally, manufacturers participating in the NOX 
averaging program for light-duty trucks shall submit:
    (1) In the application for certification, a statement that the 
vehicles for which certification is required will not, to the best of 
the manufacturer's belief, when included in the manufacturer's 
production-weighted average emission level, cause the applicable 
NOX standard(s) to be exceeded, and
    (2) No longer than 90 days after the end of a given model year of 
production of engine families included in the NOX averaging 
program, the number of vehicles produced in each engine family at each 
certified NOX emission level.
    (h) Additionally, manufacturers participating in any of the 
NOX and/or particulate averaging, trading, or banking 
programs for heavy-duty engines shall submit for each participating 
family the items listed in paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this 
section.
    (1) Application for certification. (i) The application for 
certification will include a statement that the engines for which 
certification is requested will not, to the best of the manufacturer's 
belief, when included in any of the averaging, trading, or banking 
programs cause the applicable NOX or particulate standard(s) 
to be exceeded.
    (ii) The application for certification will also include the type 
(NOX or particulate) and the projected number of credits 
generated/needed for this family, the applicable averaging set, the 
projected U.S. (49-state) production volumes, by quarter, NCPs in use on 
a similar family and the values required to calculate credits as given 
in Sec. 86.094-15. Manufacturers shall also submit how and where credit 
surpluses are to be dispersed and how and through what

[[Page 298]]

means credit deficits are to be met, as explained in Sec. 86.094-15. The 
application must project that each engine family will be in compliance 
with the applicable NOX and/or particulate emission standards 
based on the engine mass emissions, and credits from averaging, trading 
and banking.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) End-of-year report. The manufacturer shall submit end-of-year 
reports for each engine family participating in any of the averaging, 
trading, or banking programs, as described in paragraphs (h)(3)(i) 
through (iv) of this section.
    (i) These reports shall be submitted within 90 days of the end of 
the model year to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division (6405J), 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 
20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the engine family, the averaging 
set, the actual U.S. (49-state) production volume, the values required 
to calculate credits as given in Sec. 86.094-15, the resulting type 
(NOX or particulate) and number of credits generated/
required, and the NCPs in use on a similar NCP family. Manufacturers 
shall also submit how and where credit surpluses were dispersed (or are 
to be banked) and how and through what means credit deficits were met. 
Copies of contracts related to credit trading must also be included or 
supplied by the broker if applicable. The report shall also include a 
calculation of credit balances to show that net mass emissions balances 
are within those allowed by the emission standards (equal to or greater 
than a zero credit balance). The credit discount factor described in 
Sec. 86.094-15 must be included as required.
    (iii) The 49-state production counts for end-of-year reports shall 
be based on the location of the first point of retail sale (e.g., 
customer, dealer, secondary manufacturer) by the manufacturer.
    (iv) Errors discovered by EPA or the manufacturer in the end-of-year 
report, including changes in the 49 state production counts, may be 
corrected up to 180 days subsequent to submission of the end-of-year 
report. Errors discovered by EPA after 180 days shall be corrected if 
credits are reduced. Errors in the manufacturer's favor will not be 
corrected if discovered after the 180 day correction period allowed.
    (i) Failure by a manufacturer participating in the averaging, 
trading, or banking programs to submit any quarterly or end-of-year 
report (as applicable) in the specified time for all vehicles and 
engines that are part of an averaging set is a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)) for each such 
vehicle and engine.
    (j) Failure by a manufacturer generating credits for deposit only in 
either the HDE NOX or particulate banking programs to submit 
their end-of-year reports in the applicable specified time period (i.e., 
90 days after the end of the model year) shall result in the credits not 
being available for use until such reports are received and reviewed by 
EPA. Use of projected credits pending EPA review will not be permitted 
in these circumstances.
    (k) Engine families certified using NCPs are not required to meet 
the requirements outlined above.
    (l) Additionally, manufacturers certifying vehicles shall submit for 
each model year 1994 through 1997 light-duty vehicle and light light-
duty truck engine family and each model year 1996 through 1998 heavy 
light-duty truck engine family the information listed in paragraphs (l) 
(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Application for certification. In the application for 
certification, the manufacturer shall submit the projected sales volume 
of engine families certifying to the respective standards, and the in-
use standards that each engine family will meet. Volume projected to be 
produced for U.S. sale may be used in lieu of projected U.S. sales.
    (2) End-of-year reports for each engine family.
    (i) These end-of-year reports shall be submitted within 90 days of 
the end of the model year to: Director, Manufacturers Operations 
Division (6405J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street 
SW., Washington, DC 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the model year, engine family, and 
the actual U.S. sales volume. The manufacturer may petition the 
Administrator to allow volume produced for U.S. sale

[[Page 299]]

to be used in lieu of U.S. sales. Such petition shall be submitted 
within 30 days of the end of the model year to the Manufacturers 
Operations Division. For the petition to be granted, the manufacturer 
must establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator that production 
volume is functionally equivalent to sales volume.
    (iii) The U.S. sales volume for end-of-year reports shall be based 
on the location of the point of sale to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (iv) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the end-of-year report 
within the specified time may result in certificate(s) for the engine 
family(ies) certified to Tier 0 certification standards being voided ab 
initio plus any applicable civil penalties for failure to submit the 
required information to the Agency.
    (v) These reports shall include the information required under 
Sec. 86.094-7(h)(1). The information shall be organized in such a way as 
to allow the Administrator to determine compliance with the Tier 1 
standards implementation schedules of Secs. 86.094-8 and 86.094-9, and 
the Tier 1 and Tier 1I implementation schedules of 
Secs. 86.708-94 and 86.709-94.

[58 FR 66294, Dec. 20, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 14110, Mar. 25, 1994]



Sec. 86.095-24  Test vehicles and engines.

    Section 86.095-24 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-24. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-24 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.095-24, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-24.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.094-24 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) through (b)(1)(v) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-24.
    (b)(1)(v)(A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-
altitude conditions the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest 
emissions from the nonexempt vehicles selected in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), and (iv); or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) 
of this section, a manufacturer may provide a statement in its 
application for certification that, based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission testing as the 
manufacturer deems appropriate that all light-duty vehicles and light-
duty trucks not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) or Sec. 86.094-9(h) comply 
with the emission standards at high altitude.
    (vi) If 90 percent or more of the engine family sales will be in 
California, a manufacturer may substitute emission data vehicles 
selected by the California Air Resources Board criteria for the 
selections specified in Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), and (iv).
    (vii)(A) Vehicles of each evaporative emission family will be 
divided into evaporative emission control systems.
    (B) The Administrator will select the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative emissions, from within each evaporative family 
to be certified, from among the vehicles represented by the exhaust 
emission data selections for the engine family, unless evaporative 
testing has already been completed on the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative emissions for the evaporative family as part of 
another engine family's testing.
    (C) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) of this section do not represent each evaporative 
emission control system then the Administrator will select the highest 
expected evaporative emission vehicle from within the unrepresented 
evaporative system.
    (viii) For high-altitude evaporative emission compliance for each 
evaporative emission family, the manufacturer shall follow one of the 
following procedures:
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the one nonexempt vehicle previously selected under paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii) (B) or (C) of this section which is expected to have the 
highest level of evaporative emissions when operated at high altitude; 
or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(1)(viii)(A), a manufacturer may provide a statement in its 
application for certification that,

[[Page 300]]

based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation of such high-altitude 
emission testing as the manufacturer deems appropriate, that all light-
duty vehicles and light-duty trucks not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) or 
Sec. 86.094-9(h) comply with the emission standards at high altitude.
    (ix) Vehicles selected under paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) of this section 
may be used to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(viii)(A) of 
this section.
    (x) [Reserved]
    (b)(2) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-24.

[58 FR 4035, Jan. 12, 1993]



Sec. 86.095-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.

    Section 86.095-26 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-26. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-26 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.095-26, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.094-26 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) through (b)(4)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (b)(4)(i)(D) For each engine family, the manufacturer will either 
select one vehicle previously selected under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (i) 
through (iv) to be tested under high altitude conditions or provide a 
statement in accordance with Sec. 86.095-24(b)(1)(v). Vehicles shall 
meet emission standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions 
without manual adjustments or modifications. In addition, any emission 
control device used to conform with the emission standards under high-
altitude conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher 
than 4,000 feet above sea level.
    (ii) Diesel. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine 
family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized 
for emission data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide 
to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in 
making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 
4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family without making 
a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a minimum of 2,000 
miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an engine family. 
All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, recorded, and 
reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to represent emission 
data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) shall be equipped 
with an engine and emission control system that has accumulated the 
mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test vehicle. Fuel 
economy data generated from certification vehicles selected in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) with engine-system combinations 
that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) shall be 
factored in accordance with Sec. 600.006-87(c) of this chapter. Complete 
exhaust emission tests shall be conducted for each emission data vehicle 
selection under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1). The Administrator may determine 
under Sec. 86.094-24(f) that no testing is required.
    (B) Emission tests for emission data vehicle(s) selected for testing 
under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1)(v) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 
mile minimum) at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission testing or at the 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under 
high-altitude conditions.
    (C) Exhaust and evaporative emission tests for emission data 
vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(1) (ii), (iii), 
and (iv) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which 
the engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing or at 
the 6,436 kilometer (4,000 mile) test point under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (D) For each engine family, the manufacturer will either select one 
vehicle previously selected under Sec. 86.094-26(b)(1) (i) through (iv) 
to be tested under high altitude conditions or provide a statement in 
accordance with Sec. 86.095-24(b)(1)(v). Vehicles shall meet emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions without manual 
adjustments or modifications. In addition, any emission control device 
used to conform with the emission standards under high-altitude 
conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher than 4,000 
feet above sea level.

[[Page 301]]

    (b)(4)(iii) through (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.

[58 FR 4036, Jan. 12, 1993]



Sec. 86.095-30  Certification.

    Section 86.095-30 includes only text that specifies requirements 
that differ from Sec. 86.094-30. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-30 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.095-30, this is indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.094-30 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1)(i) through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (a)(3)(i) One such certificate will be issued for each engine 
family. For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks, one such certificate will be issued for each engine 
family evaporative emission family combination. Each certificate will 
certify compliance with no more than one set of in-use and certification 
standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate).
    (ii) For gasoline-fueled and methanol fueled heavy-duty vehicles, 
one such certificate will be issued for each manufacturer and will 
certify compliance for those vehicles previously identified in that 
manufacturer's statement(s) of compliance as required in Sec. 86.094-
23(b)(4) (i) and (ii).
    (iii) For diesel light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, or 
diesel heavy-duty engines, included in the applicable particulate 
averaging program, the manufacturer may at any time during production 
elect to change the level of any family particulate emission limit by 
demonstrating compliance with the new limit as described in 
Secs. 86.094-28(a)(6) and 86.094-28(b)(5)(i). New certificates issued 
under this paragraph will be applicable only for vehicles (or engines) 
produced subsequent to the date of issuance.
    (iv) For light-duty trucks or heavy-duty engines included in the 
applicable NOX averaging program, the manufacturer may at any 
time during production elect to change the level of any family 
NOX emission limit by demonstrating compliance with the new 
limit as described in Sec. 86.094-28(b)(5)(ii). New certificates issued 
under this paragraph will be applicable only for vehicles (or engines) 
produced subsequent to the day of issue.
    (4)(i) For exempt light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks under 
the provisions of Secs. 86.094-8(j) or 86.094-9(j), an adjustment or 
modification performed in accordance with instructions provided by the 
manufacturer for the altitude where the vehicle is principally used will 
not be considered a violation of section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)).
    (ii) A violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)) occurs when a manufacturer sells or delivers to an 
ultimate purchaser any light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck, subject 
to the regulations under the Act, under any of the conditions specified 
in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section.
    (A) When a light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck is exempted from 
meeting high-altitude requirements as provided in Sec. 86.090-8(h) or 
Sec. 86.094-9(h):
    (1) At a designated high-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated high-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated high-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
high-altitude location.
    (B) When a light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck is exempted from 
meeting low-altitude requirements as provided in Sec. 86.094-8(i) or 
Sec. 86.094-9(i):
    (1) At a designated low-altitude location, unless such manufacturer 
has reason to believe that such vehicle will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated low-altitude location; or
    (2) At a location other than a designated low-altitude location, 
when such manufacturer has reason to believe that such motor vehicle 
will be sold to an ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated 
low-altitude location.
    (iii) A manufacturer shall be deemed to have reason to believe that 
a light-

[[Page 302]]

duty vehicle or light-duty truck that has been exempted from compliance 
with emission standards at high altitude, will not be sold to an 
ultimate purchaser for principal use at a designated high altitude 
location if the manufacturer has informed its dealers and field 
representatives about the terms of those high altitude regulations, has 
not caused the improper sale itself, and has taken reasonable action 
which shall include, but shall not be limited to, either Sec. 86.094-
30(a)(4)(iii) (A) or (B), and Sec. 86.094-30(a)(4)(iii)(C).
    (a)(4)(iii)(A) through (C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (a)(4)(iv) A manufacturer shall be deemed to have reason to believe 
that a light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck which has been exempted 
from compliance with emission standards at low altitude, as provided in 
Sec. 86.094-8(i) or Sec. 86.094-9(i), will not be sold to an ultimate 
purchaser for principal use at a designated low-altitude location if the 
manufacturer has informed its dealers and field representatives about 
the terms of the high-altitude regulations, has not caused the improper 
sale itself, and has taken reasonable action which shall include, but 
not be limited to either Sec. 86.094-30 (a)(4)(iv) (A) or (B) and 
Sec. 86.094-30(a)(4)(iv)(C):
    (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (a)(12) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(13) For all light-duty trucks certified to Tier 0 standards 
under Sec. 86.094-9 and to which standards under Sec. 86.709-94 are 
applicable:
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Secs. 86.094-9 and 86.709-94 both 
during and after model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Secs. 86.094-9 and 86.709-94 will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate(s) was issued and the individual vehicles sold in violation 
of the implementation schedule shall not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (a)(14) through (e)(8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (f) For engine families required to have an emission control 
diagnostic system, certification will not be granted if, for any 
emission data vehicle or other test vehicle approved by the 
Administrator, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under 
any of the following circumstances, or if, for any assembly line 
vehicle, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under the 
circumstances described in paragraph (f)(4) of this section. Only 
paragraph (f)(4) of this section applies for diesel cycle vehicles.
    (1) A catalyst is replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst 
or electronic simulation of such resulting in both an exhaust emission 
exceedance of 0.6 g/mi HC and an exhaust emission increase of 0.4 g/mi 
HC on a normal temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission certification 
test.
    (2) A misfire condition is induced resulting in an increase in 
emissions of greater than 0.4 g/mi HC or 3.4 g/mi CO or 1.0 g/mi 
NOX on a normal temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission 
certification test.
    (3) Any oxygen sensor is replaced with a deteriorated or defective 
oxygen sensor, or the operation of such a sensor is simulated, resulting 
in an increase in emissions of 0.2 g/mi HC or 1.7 g/mi CO or 0.5 g/mi 
NOX on a normal temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission 
certification test.
    (4) The electronic evaporative purge control device (if equipped) is 
disconnected or the operation of any emission-related powertrain 
component connected to a computer results in an increase in emissions of 
0.2 g/mi HC or 1.7 g/mi CO or 0.5 g/mi NOX on a normal 
temperature (20 to 30  deg.C) emission certification test.

[58 FR 4037, Jan. 12, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 9487, Feb. 19, 1993; 60 
FR 15247, Mar. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.095-35  Labeling.

    Section 86.095-35 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.092-35. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.092-35 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.095-35, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For

[[Page 303]]

guidance see Sec. 86.092-35.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.092-35 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) 
subject to the applicable emission standards (and family emission 
limits, as appropriate) of this subpart, shall, at the time of 
manufacture, affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in the 
manner described below, containing the information hereinafter provided, 
to all production models of such vehicles (or engines) available for 
sale to the public and covered by a Certificate of Conformity under 
Sec. 86.091-30(a).
    (1) Light-duty vehicles. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be 
affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the Certificate of Conformity for such vehicle, in such 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), engine family 
identification, and evaporative family identification;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as applicable), including but not limited to 
idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing and valve lash (as 
applicable), as well as other parameters deemed necessary by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tuneup and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to light-duty vehicles;
    (F) The exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) to which the engine family is certified, and the 
corresponding exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) which the engine family must meet in-use;
    (G) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at high altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.090-8(h):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only;
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude; and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude;
    (H) For vehicles that have been exempted from compliance with the 
emission standards at low altitude, as specified in Sec. 86.094-8(i):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscore or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at high 
altitude only; and
    (2) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at low 
altitude;
    (I) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-
related components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate 
label for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is placed in a visible and accessible position as provided in 
this section;
    (J) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.

[[Page 304]]

    (K) Vehicles which have been certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.094-8(j) must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 86.1606.
    (L) If applicable, a statement that the vehicle is exempt from cold 
temperature carbon monoxide standards.
    (2) Light-duty truck and heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in 
accordance with the light-duty truck provisions. (i) A legible, 
permanent label shall be affixed in a readily visible position in the 
engine compartment.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label.
    (A) The label heading: Important Vehicle Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of the manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), engine family 
identification, and evaporative family;
    (D) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission standards 
(or family emission limits, as appropriate), including but not limited 
to idle speed(s), ignition timing, the idle air-fuel mixture setting 
procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed 
drop), high idle speed, initial injection timing, as well as other 
parameters deemed necessary by the manufacturer. These specifications 
should indicate the proper transmission position during tune-up and what 
accessories (e.g., air conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (E)(1) Light-duty trucks. The prominent statement, ``This vehicle 
conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New 
Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. The prominent statement, ``This heavy-duty 
vehicle conforms to the U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model 
Year Light-Duty Trucks under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.092-
1(b).'';
    (F) [Reserved]
    (G) For light-duty trucks that have been exempted from compliance 
with the emission standards at high altitude, as specified in 
Sec. 86.094-9(h):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at low 
altitude only;
    (2) A statement that the vehicle's unsatisfactory performance under 
high-altitude conditions makes it unsuitable for principal use at high 
altitude; and
    (3) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at 
high altitude;
    (H) For light-duty trucks that have been exempted from compliance 
with the emission standards at low altitude, as specified in 
Sec. 86.094-9(i):
    (1) A highlighted statement (e.g., underscored or boldface letters) 
that the vehicle is certified to applicable emission standards at high 
altitude only; and
    (2) A statement that the emission performance warranty provisions of 
40 CFR part 85, subpart V do not apply when the vehicle is tested at low 
altitude;
    (I) Light-duty trucks which have been certified under the provisions 
of Sec. 86.094-9(j) must comply with the labeling requirements contained 
in Sec. 86.1606;
    (J) The exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) to which the engine family is certified, and the 
corresponding exhaust emission standards (or family emission limits, if 
applicable) which the engine family must meet in-use.
    (K) The vacuum hose routing diagram applicable to the vehicles if 
the vehicles are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-
related components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate 
label for the vacuum hose routing diagram provided that the vacuum hose 
diagram is placed in a visible and accessible position as provided by 
this section.
    (L) [Reserved]

[[Page 305]]

    (M) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (N) If applicable, a statement that the vehicle is exempt from cold 
temperature carbon monoxide standards.
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. (i) A permanent legible label shall be 
affixed to the engine in a position in which it will be readily visible 
after installation in the vehicle.
    (ii) The label shall be attached to an engine part necessary for 
normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during 
engine life.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: ``Important Engine Information.'';
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters) and engine 
family and model designations;
    (D) Date of engine manufacture (month and year). The manufacturer 
may, in lieu of including the date of manufacture on the engine label, 
maintain a record of the engine manufacture dates. The manufacturer 
shall provide the date of manufacture records to the Administrator upon 
request;
    (E) Engine specifications and adjustments as recommended by the 
manufacturer. These specifications should indicate the proper 
transmission position during tune-up and what accessories (e.g., air 
conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (F) For Otto-cycle engines the label should include the idle speed, 
ignition timing, and the idle air-fuel mixture setting procedure and 
value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed drop), and valve 
lash;
    (G) For diesel engines the label should include the advertised hp at 
rpm, fuel rate at advertised hp in mm\3\/stroke, valve lash, initial 
injection timing, and idle speed;
    (H) The prominent statement: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New Heavy-Duty Engines.'';
    (I) If the manufacturer is provided with an alternate useful life 
period under the provisions of Sec. 86.094-21(f), the prominent 
statement: ``This engine has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards 
for a useful-life period of XXX miles or XXX hours of operation, 
whichever occurs first. This engine's actual life may vary depending on 
its service application.'' The manufacturer may alter this statement 
only to express the assigned alternate useful life in terms other than 
miles or hours (e.g., years, or hours only);
    (J) For diesel engines. The prominent statement: ``This engine has a 
primary intended service application as a XXX heavy-duty engine.'' (The 
primary intended service applications are light, medium, and heavy, as 
defined in Sec. 86.902-2.);
    (K) For Otto-cycle engines. One of the following statements, as 
applicable:
    (1) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.091-10 (a)(1)(i) or (iii), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use in all heavy-duty vehicles.'';
    (2) For gasoline-fueled engines certified under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(3)(i), the statement: ``This engine is certified for 
use in all heavy-duty vehicles under the special provision of 40 CFR 
86.091-10(a)(3)(i).'';
    (3) For engines certified to the emission standards under 
Sec. 86.091-10(a)(1) (ii) or (iv), the statement: ``This engine is 
certified for use only in heavy-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle 
weight rating above 14,000 lbs.'';
    (L) For diesel engines which are included in the diesel heavy-duty 
particulate averaging program, the family particulate emission limit to 
which the engine is certified;
    (M) For any heavy-duty engines which are included in the heavy-duty 
NOX averaging program, the family NOX emission 
limit to which the engine is certified;
    (N) Engines granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (O) For diesel engines which have been certified to comply with the 
urban bus particulate standard of 40 CFR 86.094-11(a)(1)(iv)(A), the 
statement ``This engine is certified for use

[[Page 306]]

in an urban bus as defined at 40 CFR 86.093-2.'' Unless waived by the 
Administrator on the basis of impracticality, for diesel engines not 
certified to comply with the urban bus particulate standard, the 
statement ``This engine is not certified for use in an urban bus as 
defined at 40 CFR 86.093-2. Sales of this engine for use in an urban bus 
is a violation of Federal law under the Clean Air Act.''
    (iv) The label may be made up of one or more pieces: Provided, That 
all pieces are permanently attached to the same engine or vehicle part 
as applicable.
    (4) Heavy-duty vehicles employing a fuel or fuels covered by 
evaporative emission standards. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be 
affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment. If such 
vehicles do not have an engine compartment, the label required in 
paragraphs (a)(4) and (g)(1) of this section shall be affixed in a 
readily available position on the operator's enclosure or on the engine.
    (ii) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the Certificate of Conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (iii) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (C) Evaporative family identification;
    (D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gallons) for which 
the evaporative control system is certified (this requirement does not 
apply to vehicles whose evaporative control system efficiency is not 
dependent on fuel tank capacity); and
    (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply 
to XXX-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (F) Vehicles granted final admission under Sec. 85.1505 of this 
chapter must comply with the labeling requirements contained in 
Sec. 85.1510 of this chapter.
    (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a manufacturer 
from also reciting on the label that such vehicle (or engine) conforms 
to any applicable state emission standards for new motor vehicles (or 
new motor vehicle engines) or any other information that such 
manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, the proper operation and 
satisfactory maintenance of the vehicle (or engine).
    (c)(1) The manufacturer of any light-duty vehicle or light-duty 
truck subject to the emission standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart shall, in addition and subsequent to 
setting forth those statements on the label required by the Department 
of Transportation (DOT) pursuant to 49 CFR 567.4, set forth on the DOT 
label or an additional label located in proximity to the DOT label and 
affixed as described in 49 CFR 567.4(b), the following information in 
the English language, lettered in block letters and numerals not less 
than three thirty-seconds of an inch high, of a color that contrasts 
with the background of the label:
    (i) The heading: ``Vehicle Emission Control Information.''
    (ii)(A) For light-duty vehicles, the statement: ``This Vehicle 
Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to XXX-Fueled 19XX Model 
Year New Motor Vehicles.''
    (B) For light-duty trucks, (1) the statement: ``This vehicle 
conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to XXX-Fueled 19XX Model 
Year New Light-Duty Trucks.''
    (2) [Reserved]
    (iii) One of the following statements, as applicable, in letters and 
numerals not less than six thirty-seconds of an inch high and of a color 
that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) For all vehicles certified as noncatalyst-equipped: ``NON-
CATALYST'';
    (B) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which approval 
has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST--APPROVED FOR IMPORT'';

[[Page 307]]

    (C) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are not 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which prior 
approval has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST''.
    (2) In lieu of selecting either of the labeling options of paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may add the information 
required by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section to the label required 
by paragraph (a) of this section. The required information will be set 
forth in the manner prescribed by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks or incomplete heavy-duty vehicles 
optionally certified in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions 
shall have one of the following prominent statements, as applicable, 
printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section in 
lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(2)(iii)(E) of this 
section.
    (1) Light-duty trucks. The statement, ``This vehicle conforms to 
U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks 
when it does not exceed XX pounds in curb weight, XX pounds in gross 
vehicle weight rating, and XX square feet in frontal area.''
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles optionally certified in accordance with the 
light-duty truck provisions. ``This heavy-duty vehicle conforms to the 
U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year Light-Duty Trucks 
under the special provision of 40 CFR 86.085-1(b) when it does not 
exceed XXX pounds in curb weight, XXX pounds in gross vehicle weight 
rating, and XXX square feet in frontal area.''
    (e) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles having a gross vehicle weight 
rating of 8,500 pounds or less shall have one of the following 
statements printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section in lieu of the statement required by paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(H) of 
this section: ``This engine conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable 
to 19XX Model Year Heavy-Duty Engines when installed in a vehicle 
completed at a curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds or with a frontal 
area of greater than 45 square feet.''
    (f) The manufacturer of any incomplete light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck shall notify the purchaser of such vehicle of any curb 
weight, frontal area, or gross vehicle weight rating limitations 
affecting the emission certificate applicable to that vehicle. This 
notification shall be transmitted in a manner consistent with National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety notification requirements 
published in 49 CFR part 568.
    (g) Incomplete vehicle fuel tank capacity. (1) Incomplete heavy-duty 
vehicles employing a fuel or fuels which are nominally liquid at normal 
atmospheric pressure and temperature for which evaporative emission 
standards exist shall have the following prominent statement printed on 
the label required in paragraph (a)(4) of this section: ``Manufacturer's 
corporate name) has determined that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA 
regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New XXX-Fueled Heavy-Duty 
Vehicles when completed with a nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed 
XXX gallons. Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the above 
maximum must submit a written statement to the Administrator that the 
hydrocarbon storage system has been upgraded according to the 
requirements of 40 CFR 86.095-35(g)(2).''
    (2) Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the maximum 
specified on the label required in paragraph (g)(1) of this section 
shall:
    (i) Increase the amount of fuel tank vapor storage material 
according to the following function:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.012

Where:
Capf=final amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, grams.
Capi=initial amount of fuel tank vapor storage material, 
grams.
T. Vol.=total fuel tank volume of completed vehicle, gallons.
Max. Vol. = maximum fuel tank volume as specified on the label required 
in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, gallons.

    (ii) Use, if applicable, hosing for fuel vapor routing which is at 
least as impermeable to hydrocarbon vapors as

[[Page 308]]

that used by the primary manufacturer.
    (iii) Use vapor storage material with the same absorptive 
characteristics as that used by the primary manufacturer.
    (iv) Connect, if applicable, any new hydrocarbon storage device to 
the existing hydrocarbon storage device in series such that the original 
hydrocarbon storage device is situated between the fuel tank and the new 
hydrocarbon storage device. The original hydrocarbon storage device 
shall be sealed such that vapors cannot reach the atmosphere. The 
elevation of the original hydrocarbon storage device shall be equal to 
or lower than the new hydrocarbon storage device.
    (v) Submit a written statement to the Administrator that paragraphs 
(g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(iv) of this section have been complied with.
    (3) If applicable, the Administrator will send a return letter 
verifying the receipt of the written statement required in paragraph 
(g)(2)(v) of this section.
    (h) Notification of nonconformance penalty. (1) Light-duty trucks 
and heavy-duty vehicles and engines for which nonconformance penalties 
are to be paid in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(b) shall have the 
following information printed on the label required in paragraph (a) of 
this section. The manufacturer shall begin labeling production engines 
or vehicles within 10 days after the completion of the PCA. This 
statement shall read: ``The manufacturer of this engine/vehicle will pay 
a nonconformance penalty to be allowed to introduce it into commerce at 
an emission level higher than the applicable emission standard. The 
compliance level (or new emission standard) for this engine/vehicle is 
XXX.'' (The manufacturer shall insert the applicable pollutant and 
compliance level calculated in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(a).)
    (2) If a manufacturer introduces an engine or vehicle into commerce 
prior to the compliance level determination of Sec. 86.1112-87(a), it 
shall provide the engine or vehicle owner with a label as described 
above to be affixed in a location in proximity to the label required in 
paragraph (a) of this section within 30 days of the completion of the 
PCA.
    (i) All light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks shall comply with 
SAE Recommended Practices J1877 July 1994, ``Recommended Practice for 
Bar-Coded Vehicle Identification Number Label,'' and J1892 October 1993, 
``Recommended Practice for Bar-Coded Vehicle Emission Configuration 
Label.'' SAE J1877 and J1892 are incorporated by reference. This 
incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal 
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies 
may be obtained from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 
Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Copies may be inspected 
at Docket No. A-90-35 at EPA's Air Docket (LE-131), Room 1500M, 1st 
Floor, Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC, or at the 
Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 
700, Washington, DC.

[56 FR 25755, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31913, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 4037, Jan. 12, 1993; 58 FR 9487, Feb. 19, 1993; 58 FR 15799, Mar. 24, 
1993; 58 FR 16020, Mar. 24, 1993; 58 FR 33209, June 16, 1993; 58 FR 
34536, June 28, 1993; 59 FR 48499, Sept. 21, 1994; 63 FR 70694, Dec. 22, 
1998]



Sec. 86.096-2  Definitions.

    The definitions listed in this section apply beginning with the 1996 
model year. The definitions of Sec. 86.094-2 continue to apply to 1996 
and later model year vehicles.
    Certification Short Test means the test, for gasoline-fueled Otto-
cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, performed in accordance 
with the procedures contained in 40 CFR part 86 subpart O.
    Diurnal breathing losses means diurnal emissions.
    Diurnal emissions means evaporative emissions resulting from the 
daily cycling of ambient temperatures.
    Hot soak emissions means evaporative emissions after termination of 
engine operation.
    Hot-soak losses means hot soak emissions.
    Resting losses means evaporative emissions that may occur 
continuously, that are not diurnal emissions,

[[Page 309]]

hot soak emissions, running losses, or spitback emissions.
    Running losses means evaporative emissions that occur during vehicle 
operation.
    Spitback emissions means evaporative emissions resulting from the 
loss of liquid fuel that is emitted from a vehicle during a fueling 
operation.
    Useful life means:
    (1) For light-duty vehicles, and for light light-duty trucks not 
subject to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9(a), intermediate useful 
life and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a period of 
use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full useful life 
is a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first, 
except as otherwise noted in Sec. 86.094-9. The useful life of 
evaporative emission control systems on the portion of these vehicles 
subject to the evaporative emission test requirements of Sec. 86.130-96 
is defined as a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever 
occurs first.
    (2) For light light-duty trucks subject to the Tier 0 standards of 
Sec. 86.094-9(a), and for heavy light-duty truck engine families, 
intermediate and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a 
period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full 
useful life is a period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
occurs first. The useful life of evaporative emission control systems on 
the portion of these vehicles subject to the evaporative emission test 
requirements of Sec. 86.130-96 is also defined as a period of 11 years 
or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (3) For an Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine family, a period of use of 8 
years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first, except for the portion 
of evaporative emission control systems subject to the evaporative 
emission test requirements of Sec. 86.1230-96, for which the applicable 
period of use is 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family:
    (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, period of use of 8 years or 
110,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (ii) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 
years or 185,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (iii) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 
years or 290,000 miles, whichever occurs first, except as provided in 
paragraph (4)(iv) of this definition.
    (iv) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines used in urban buses, for 
the particulate standard, a period of use of 10 years or 290,000 miles, 
whichever occurs first.
    (5) As an option for both light-duty trucks under certain conditions 
and heavy-duty engine families, an alternative useful life period 
assigned by the Administrator under the provisions of Sec. 86.094-21(f).
    (6) The useful-life period for purposes of the emissions defect 
warranty and emissions performance warranty shall be a period of 5 
years/50,000 miles, whichever occurs first, for light-duty trucks, Otto-
cycle heavy-duty engines and light heavy-duty diesel engines. For all 
other heavy-duty diesel engines the aforementioned period is 5 years/
100,000 miles, whichever occurs first. However, in no case may this 
period be less than the manufacturer's basic mechanical warranty period 
for the engine family.

[58 FR 16020, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 58417, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.096-3  Abbreviations.

    (a) The abbreviations in Sec. 86.094-3 continue to apply. The 
abbreviation in this section applies beginning with the 1996 model year.
    (b) The abbreviation in this section applies to this subpart and to 
subpart O of this part, and has the following meaning:

CST--Certification Short Test

[58 FR 58417, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.096-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

    Section 86.096-7 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.091-7 and 86.094-7. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.091-7 or Sec. 86.094-7 is identical and applicable 
to Sec. 86.096-7, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-
7.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.''

[[Page 310]]

    (a) Introductory text through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.091-7.
    (a)(3)--(h)(5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.
    (h)(6) Voiding a certificate. (i) EPA may void ab initio a 
certificate for a vehicle certified to Tier 0 certification standards or 
to the respective evaporative test procedure and accompanying 
evaporative standards as set forth or otherwise referenced in 
Sec. 86.090-8, Sec. 86.090-9, Sec. 86.091-10 or Sec. 86.094-11 for which 
the manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or 
to provide such information to the Administrator upon request.
    (ii) EPA may void ab initio a certificate for a 1994 or 1995 model 
year light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck that is not certified in 
compliance with the cold temperature CO standard for which the 
manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or to 
provide such information to the Administrator upon request.
    (iii) Any voiding ab initio of a certificate under Sec. 86.091-
7(c)(6) and paragraph (h)(6) of this section will be made only after the 
manufacturer concerned has been offered an opportunity for a hearing 
conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.614 for light-duty vehicles or 
under Sec. 86.1014 for light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines.
    (7) The manufacturer (or contractor for the manufacturer, if 
applicable) of any new model 1996 through 1998 light-duty vehicle, 
light-duty truck or heavy-duty vehicle that is certified shall 
establish, maintain and retain the following adequately organized and 
indexed records for each such vehicle:
    (i) EPA engine family;
    (ii) Vehicle identification number;
    (iii) Model year and production date;
    (iv) Shipment date;
    (v) Purchaser;
    (vi) Purchase contract; and
    (vii) EPA evaporative family.

[58 FR 16021, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 34535, June 28, 1993]



Sec. 86.096-8  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    (a)(1) Standards. (i) Exhaust emissions from 1996 and later model 
year light-duty vehicles (optional for 1996 model year natural gas-
fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled light-duty vehicles) shall 
meet all standards in Tables A96-1 and A96-2 in the rows designated with 
the applicable fuel type. Light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the 
applicable standards in table A96-1 and shall not exceed the applicable 
standards in table A96-2.

                 Table A96-1--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Fuel                    THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO        NOX         PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...........................       0.41       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4       0.08
Diesel.............................       0.41       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        1.0       0.08
Methanol...........................  .........  .........       0.41       0.25        3.4        0.4       0.08
Natural Gas........................  .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4       0.08
LPG................................       0.41       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4       0.08
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                     Table A96-2--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fuel                    THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO         NOX         PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline..........................  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6        0.10
Diesel............................  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        1.25       0.10
Methanol..........................  .........  .........  .........       0.31        4.2        0.6        0.10
Natural Gas.......................  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6        0.10
LPG...............................  .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6        0.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii)(A) Vehicles subject to the standards of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of 
this section shall be all actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of 
the applicable model year by a manufacturer.
    (B) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full 
useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life

[[Page 311]]

standards will be required without deviation to meet the corresponding 
full useful life standards.
    (iii) CST emissions from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty 
vehicles measured and calculated in accordance with subpart O of this 
part may not exceed the standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) (A) 
and (B) of this section.
    (A) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as set forth in 
subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in accordance with 
those procedures. The test weight basis for light-duty vehicles, for the 
purposes of determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in 
Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle weight.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) Evaporative emissions from light-duty vehicles shall not exceed 
the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification 
and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly 
assembled vehicles. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers may 
conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions for 
an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For the full three-
diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (B) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak emissions (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
(i)(A) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams carbon per 
test.
    (B) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams carbon per 
test.
    (ii) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram carbon per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected 
under the conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set 
forth in subpart B of this part.
    (4) All fuel vapor generated in a gasoline- or methanol-fueled 
light-duty vehicle during in-use operations shall be routed exclusively 
to the evaporative control system (e.g., either canister or engine 
purge). The only exception to this requirement shall be for emergencies.
    (5)(i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A96-15 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles shall be tested with the procedures 
in subpart B indicated for 1996 model year, and shall not exceed the 
standards described in paragraph (b) of this section. The remaining 
vehicles shall be tested with the procedures in subpart B of this part 
for 1995 model year light-duty vehicles and be subject to the standards 
described in Sec. 86.090-8(b).

    Table A96-15--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for
                      Evaporative Emission Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996........................................................         20
1997........................................................         40
1998........................................................         90
1999 and following..........................................        100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 312]]

    (ii) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in table A96-15 
of a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's 
gasoline- and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, 
and heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable standards.
    (iii) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedule of table A96-15 of 
this section for model years 1996, 1997, and 1998. For small volume 
manufacturers, the standards of Sec. 86.090-8(b), and the associated 
test procedures, continue to apply until model year 1999, when 100 
percent compliance with the standards of this section is required. This 
exemption does not apply to small volume engine families as defined in 
Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (iv) For the 1996 model year, manufacturers may satisfy the testing 
requirements for federal certification to the evaporative standards of 
paragraph (b) of this section, except the fuel dispensing spitback test, 
by presenting test results from the certification procedures defined by 
the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the Evaporative 
Emissions Program (January 4, 1995). These requirements have been 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1996 and later model year Otto-cycle, or methanol-or 
gaseous-fueled diesel light-duty vehicle. This requirement is optional 
for 1996 model year gaseous-fueled light-duty vehicles.
    (d)-(f) [Reserved]
    (g) Any 1994 and later model year light-duty vehicle that a 
manufacturer wishes to certify for sale shall meet the emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions as specified in 
Sec. 86.082-2, except as provided in paragraphs (h) and (i) of this 
section. Vehicles shall meet emission standards under both low- and 
high-altitude conditions without manual adjustments or modifications. 
Any emission control device used to meet emission standards under high-
altitude conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher 
than 4,000 feet above sea level.
    (h) The manufacturer may exempt 1994 and later model year vehicles 
from compliance at high altitude with the emission standards set forth 
in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the vehicles are not 
intended for sale at high altitude and if the requirements of paragraphs 
(h) (1) and (2) of this section are met.
    (1) A vehicle configuration shall only be considered eligible for 
exemption under paragraph (h) of this section if the requirements of 
either paragraph (h)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section are 
met.
    (i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and 
engine speed-to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted 
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is 
determined according to the following procedure:
    (A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data 
of all vehicle configurations it will offer for the model year in 
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine 
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the equivalent 
vehicle test weight expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate 
shall be N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions 
per minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At 
the manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N/V. The gear selection must be the same for all N/V data 
points on the manufacturer's graph. For each transmission/axle ratio 
combination, only the lowest N/V value shall be used in the graphical 
display.
    (B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V=C(D/
W)-0.9, where the constant, C, is determined by the 
requirement that all the vehicle data points either fall on the line or 
lie to the upper right of the line as displayed on the graphs.
    (C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V=C(0.84 
D/W)-0.9, where the constant, C is the same as that found in 
paragraph (h)(1)(i)(B) of this section.

[[Page 313]]

    (D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which 
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on 
the graph.
    (ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range 
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is 
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in 
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section 
and by using the product line N/V=C(hp/W)-0.9.
    (A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of 
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349, June 1990, Engine Power Test 
Code--Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition--Net Power Rating. This 
incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal 
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies 
may be obtained from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA, 15096-0001. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 
401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC, 20460, or at the Office of the 
Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, 
DC. Any of the horsepower determinants within that test procedure may be 
used, as long as it is used consistently throughout the manufacturer's 
product line in any model year.
    (B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this 
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle configurations as 
set forth in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to 
accelerate from 0 miles per hour to a speed not less than 40 miles per 
hour and not greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude 
conditions is greater than the largest acceleration time under low-
altitude conditions for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure 
to be followed in making this determination is:
    (A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle configuration and 
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle 
configuration which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude 
conditions of all the vehicle configurations it will offer for the model 
year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description of 
the methodology used to make this determination.
    (B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle configurations and 
acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those vehicle 
configurations which have higher acceleration times under high-altitude 
conditions than the highest acceleration time at low altitude identified 
in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.
    (iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraphs 
(h)(1)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section, its acceleration time can be 
estimated based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in 
accordance with good engineering practice, to meet the exemption 
criteria of paragraph (h)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (2) A vehicle shall only be considered eligible for exemption under 
this paragraph if at least one configuration of its model type (and 
transmission configuration in the case of vehicles equipped with manual 
transmissions, excluding differences due to the presence of overdrive) 
is certified to meet emission standards under high-altitude conditions 
as specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) and paragraph (g) of this 
section. The Certificate of Conformity (the Certificate) covering any 
exempted configuration(s) will also apply to the corresponding non-
exempt configuration(s) required under this paragraph (h)(2). As a 
condition to the exemption, any suspension, revocation, voiding, or 
withdrawal of the Certificate as it applies to a non-exempt 
configuration for any reason will result in a suspension of the 
Certificate as it applies to the corresponding exempted configuration(s) 
of that model type, unless there is at least one other corresponding 
non-exempt configuration of the same model type still covered by the 
Certificate. The suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
exempted configuration(s) will be terminated when any one of the 
following occurs:
    (i) Another corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) receive(s) 
coverage under the Certificate; or
    (ii) Suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) is terminated; or

[[Page 314]]

    (iii) The Agency's action(s), with respect to suspension, 
revocation, voiding, or withdrawal of the Certificate as it applies to 
the corresponding non-exempt configuration(s), is reversed.
    (3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph (h) 
of this section will be considered a violation of section 203(a)(1) of 
the Clean Air Act.
    (i)(1) The manufacturers may exempt 1996 and later model year 
vehicles from compliance at low altitude with the emission standards set 
forth in paragraph (a) of this section and Sec. 86.090-8(b) if the 
vehicles:
    (i) Are not intended for sale at low altitude; and
    (ii) Are equipped with a unique, high-altitude axle ratio (rear-
wheel drive vehicles) or a unique, high-altitude drivetrain (front-wheel 
drive vehicles) with a higher N/V ratio than other configurations of 
that model type which are certified in compliance with the emission 
standards of paragraph (a) of this section and Sec. 86.090-8(b) under 
low-altitude conditions.
    (2) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at low altitude that has 
been exempted as set forth in paragraph (i)(1) of this section will be 
considered a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.
    (j) Any exempted light-duty vehicle that a manufacturer wishes to 
certify for sale under the provisions of Sec. 86.090-8 (h) or paragraph 
(i) of this section is subject to the provisions of subpart Q of this 
part.
    (k) Cold Temperature Carbon Monoxide (CO) Standards--Light-Duty 
Vehicles. Exhaust emissions from 1996 and later model year gasoline-
fueled light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the cold temperature CO 
standard of 10.0 grams per mile for an intermediate useful life of 
50,000 miles, as measured and calculated under the provisions set forth 
in subpart C of this part. This standard applies under both low and high 
altitude conditions.

[56 FR 25756, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31915, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 16021, Mar. 24, 1993; 58 FR 34536, June 28, 1993; 58 FR 58417, Nov. 
1, 1993; 59 FR 48499, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 43887, Aug. 23, 1995; 62 FR 
47120, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.096-9  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    Section 86.096-9 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-9. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-9 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.096-9, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-9.''
    (a)(1) introductory text through (a)(1)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.094-9.
    (v) CST emissions from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks 
measured and calculated in accordance with subpart O of this part may 
not exceed the standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(v) (A) and (B) of 
this section.
    (A) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (a)(2) [Reserved]
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) Evaporative emissions from light-duty trucks shall not exceed 
the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification 
and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly 
assembled vehicles. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers may 
conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions for 
an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For gasoline-fueled 
heavy light-duty trucks with a nominal fuel tank capacity of at least 30 
gallons:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96,

[[Page 315]]

diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (B) For all other light-duty trucks:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
(i)(A) For heavy light-duty trucks with nominal fuel tank capacity of at 
least 30 gallons:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams carbon per 
test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams carbon per 
test.
    (B) For all other light-duty trucks:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams carbon per 
test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams carbon per 
test.
    (ii) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram carbon per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected 
under the conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set 
forth in subpart B of this part.
    (4) All fuel vapor generated in a gasoline- or methanol-fueled 
light-duty truck during in-use operations shall be routed exclusively to 
the evaporative control system (e.g., either canister or engine purge). 
The only exception to this requirement shall be for emergencies.
    (5)(i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A96-16 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled light-duty trucks shall be tested with the procedures in 
subpart B of this part indicated for the 1996 model year, and shall not 
exceed the standards described in paragraph (b) of this section. The 
remaining vehicles shall be tested with the procedures in subpart B of 
this part for 1995 model year light-duty trucks and be subject to the 
standards described in Sec. 86.090-9(b).

     Table A96-16--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Trucks for
                      Evaporative Emission Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996........................................................         20
1997........................................................         40
1998........................................................         90
1999 and following..........................................        100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in table A96-16 
of a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's 
gasoline- and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, 
and heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable standards.
    (iii) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedule of table A96-16 of 
this section for model years 1996, 1997, and 1998. For small volume 
manufacturers, the standards of Sec. 86.090-9(b), and the associated 
test procedures, continue to apply until model year 1999, when 100 
percent compliance with the standards of this section is required. This 
exemption does not apply to small volume engine families as defined in 
Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (iv) For the 1996 model year, manufacturers may satisfy the testing 
requirements for federal certification to the evaporative standards of 
paragraph (b) of this section, except the fuel dispensing spitback test, 
by presenting test results from the certification procedures defined by 
the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the Evaporative 
Emissions Program (January 4, 1995). These requirements have

[[Page 316]]

been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-9.
    (d) through (f) [Reserved].
    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-9.

[58 FR 16021, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 58417, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 
FR 48500, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 43887, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.096-10  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    Section 86.096-10 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.091-10. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.091-10 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.096-10, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.091-10.''
    (a) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-10.
    (b) Evaporative emissions from heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed 
the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification 
and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly 
assembled vehicles. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers may 
conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions for 
an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled, 
natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines). (i) For 
vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 3.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 
1.0 gram per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 4.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for vehicles equipped with 
methanol-fueled engines). (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight 
Rating of up to 14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams carbon 
per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.5 grams carbon 
per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram carbon per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams carbon 
per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.5 grams carbon 
per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (3)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of 
this section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions and measured in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in subpart M of this part.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000

[[Page 317]]

lbs., the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(2)(ii) of 
this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation 
using good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (4) All fuel vapor generated in a gasoline- or methanol-fueled 
heavyduty vehicle during in-use operations shall be routed exclusively 
to the evaporative control system (e.g., either canister or engine 
purge). The only exception to this requirement shall be for emergencies.
    (5)(i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A96-17 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed the standards 
described in paragraph (b) of this section, except that methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty vehicles are exempt for the 1996 and 1997 model years. The 
remaining vehicles shall be subject to the standards described in 
Sec. 86.091-10(b).

    Table A96-17--Implementation Schedule for Heavy-Duty Vehicles for
                      Evaporative Emission Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996........................................................         20
1997........................................................         40
1998........................................................         90
1999 and following..........................................        100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in table A96-17 
of a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's 
gasoline- and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, 
and heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable standards.
    (iii) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedule of table A96-17 of 
this section for model years 1996, 1997, and 1998. For small volume 
manufacturers, the standards of Sec. 86.091-10(b), and the associated 
test procedures, continue to apply until model year 1999, when 100 
percent compliance with the standards of this section is required. This 
exemption does not apply to small volume engine families as defined in 
Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (iv) For the 1996 model year, manufacturers may satisfy the testing 
requirements for federal certification to the evaporative standards of 
paragraph (b) of this section, except the fuel dispensing spitback test, 
by presenting test results from the certification procedures defined by 
the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the Evaporative 
Emissions Program (January 4, 1995). These requirements have been 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c)-(d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-10.

[58 FR 16022, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48500, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43887, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.096-11  Emission standards for 1996 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    (a) Exhaust emissions from new 1996 and later model year diesel 
heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following (optional for 1996 
model year gaseous-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines):
    (1)(i) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either 
petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (ii) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (iii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) Carbon monoxide. (i) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, 
natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only).
    (3) Oxides of Nitrogen. (i) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the NOX

[[Page 318]]

averaging, trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects 
to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 6.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (2.2 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (4) Particulate. (i) For diesel engines to be used in urban buses, 
0.05 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.019 gram per megajoule) for 
certification testing and selective enforcement audit testing, and 0.07 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.026 gram per megajoule) for in-use 
testing, as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) For all other diesel engines only, 0.10 gram per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (iii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the particulate averaging, 
trading, or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the 
restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the particulate FEL 
may not exceed:
    (A) For engine families intended for use in urban buses, 0.25 gram 
per brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule).
    (B) For engine families not intended for use in urban buses, 0.60 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.22 gram per megajoule).
    (C) The ceiling values in paragraphs (a)(4)(iii) (A) and (B) of this 
section apply whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, 
trading or banking programs.
    (b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 1996 and later model 
year diesel heavy-duty engine shall not exceed:
    (i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.
    (iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set 
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with these procedures.
    (3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus 
methanol) from 1996 and later model year heavy-duty vehicles equipped 
with methanol-fueled diesel engines shall not exceed:
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs, 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs, 4.0 grams per test.
    (4) Evaporative emissions from 1996 and later model year heavy-duty 
vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following standards. The 
standards apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles.
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (5)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of 
this section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions and measured in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in subpart M of this part. For certification 
vehicles only, manufacturers may conduct testing to quantify a level of 
nonfuel background emissions for an individual test vehicle. Such a 
demonstration must include a description of the source(s) of emissions 
and an estimated decay rate. The demonstrated level of nonfuel 
background emissions may be subtracted from emission test results from 
certification vehicles if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 
26,000

[[Page 319]]

pounds, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (b)(4)(ii) 
of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design 
evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which is 
required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1996 or later model year methanol-or gaseous-
fueled diesel, or any naturally aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine. For 
petroleum-fueled engines only, this provision does not apply to engines 
using turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction. 
This provision is optional for all 1996 model year gaseous-fueled diesel 
heavy-duty engines, and for 1997 model year gaseous-fueled diesel heavy-
duty engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers or superchargers for 
air induction.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section.

[58 FR 15799, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48500, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43887, Aug. 23, 1995; 62 FR 47120, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.096-14  Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.

    Section 86.096-14 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.094-14 and 86.095-14. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.094-14 or Sec. 86.095-14 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.096-14, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-14'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-14.'' 
Where a corresponding paragraph of Sec. 86.094-14 or Sec. 86.095-14 is 
not applicable, this is indicated by the statement ``[Reserved].''
    (a) through (c)(11)(ii)(B)(15) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(B)(16) through (c)(11)(ii)(B)(18) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.095-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(B)(19) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or 
heavy-duty vehicle evaporative emission family, a description of any 
unique procedures required to perform evaporative emission tests 
(including canister working capacity, canister bed volume, and fuel 
temperature profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that 
evaporative emission family, and a description of the method used to 
develop those unique procedures.
    (20) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or heavy-duty 
vehicle evaporative emission family:
    (i) Canister working capacity, according to the procedures specified 
in Sec. 86.132-96(h)(1)(iv);
    (ii) Canister bed volume; and
    (iii) Fuel temperature profile for the running loss test, according 
to the procedures specified in Sec. 86.129-94(d).
    (c)(11)(ii)(C) through (c)(11)(ii)(D)(5) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.095-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(D)(6) [Reserved]
    (c)(11)(ii)(D)(7) through (c)(15) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-14.

[58 FR 16023, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.096-21  Application for certification.

    Section 86.096-21 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-21. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-21 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.096-21, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.''
    (a)-(b)(8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(9) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or heavy-duty 
vehicle evaporative emission family, a description of any unique 
procedures required to perform evaporative emission tests (including 
canister working capacity, canister bed volume, and fuel temperature 
profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative 
emission family, and a description of the method used to develop those 
unique procedures.
    (10) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or heavy-duty 
vehicle evaporative emission family:
    (i) Canister working capacity, according to the procedures specified 
in Sec. 86.132-96(h)(1)(iv);

[[Page 320]]

    (ii) Canister bed volume; and
    (iii) Fuel temperature profile for the running loss test, according 
to the procedures specified in Sec. 86.129-94(d).
    (c) through (j) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (k) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a manufacturer 
with an engine family that cannot be appropriately tested on all 
Certification Short Test emission test procedures described in 
Sec. 86.1439 of this part may request an exemption, as described in 
Sec. 86.1427 (d), from the inappropriate test(s) for purposes of 
demonstrating compliance with the Certification Short Test as described 
in subpart O of this part.
    (l) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a manufacturer 
with an engine family that can be appropriately tested on none of the 
Certification Short Test emission test procedures described in 
Sec. 86.1439 of this part may request an alternative procedure as 
described in Sec. 86.1427 (d).

[58 FR 16023, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 34536, June 28, 1993; 
58 FR 58417, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, July 1, 1994; 60 FR 34335, June 
30, 1995]



Sec. 86.096-23  Required data.

    Section 86.096-23 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Sec. 86.095-23. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.095-23 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.096-23, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]''. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (a) through (l) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (m) Additionally, except for small-volume manufacturers, 
manufacturers certifying vehicles shall submit for each model year 1996 
through 1998 light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, and gasoline-fueled 
heavy-duty vehicle evaporative family:
    (1) In the application for certification the projected sales volume 
of evaporative families certifying to the respective evaporative test 
procedure and accompanying standards as set forth or otherwise 
referenced in Secs. 86.090-8, 86.090-9, and 86.091-10 or those set forth 
or otherwise referenced in Secs. 86.096-8, 86.096-9, and 86.096-10. 
Volume projected to be produced for U.S. sale may be used in lieu of 
projected U.S. sales.
    (2) End-of-year reports for each evaporative family.
    (i) These end-of-year reports shall be submitted within 90 days of 
the end of the model year to: Director, Manufacturers Operations 
Division (6405J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, 
SW, Washington, DC 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the model year, evaporative family 
and the actual U.S. sales volume. The manufacturer may petition the 
Administrator to allow volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu 
of U.S. sales. Such petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the 
end of the model year to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the 
petition to be granted, the manufacturer must establish to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that production volume is functionally 
equivalent to sales volume.
    (iii) The U.S. sales volume for end-of-year reports shall be based 
on the location of the point of sale to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity that comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (iv) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the end-of-year report 
within the specified time may result in certificate(s) for the 
evaporative family(ies) certified to the certification standards set 
forth in Secs. 86.090-8, 86.090-9, and 86.091-10 being voided ab initio 
plus any applicable civil penalties for failure to submit the required 
information to the Agency.
    (v) The information shall be organized in such a way as to allow the 
Administrator to determine compliance with the Evaporative Emission 
Testing implementation schedules of Secs. 86.096-8, 86.096-9, and 
86.096-10.

[58 FR 16023, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 66297, Dec. 20, 1993]



Sec. 86.096-24  Test vehicles and engines.

    (a) General. This paragraph applies to the grouping of vehicles or 
engines into families.
    (1) The vehicles or engines covered by an application for 
certification will be divided into groupings of engines which are 
expected to have similar emission characteristics throughout their 
useful life. Each group of engines with similar

[[Page 321]]

emission characteristics is defined as a separate engine family.
    (2) To be classed in the same engine family, engines must be 
identical in all the respects listed in paragraphs (a)(2) (i) through 
(x) of this section.
    (i) The cylinder bore center-to-center dimensions.
    (ii) through (iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) The cylinder block configuration (air-cooled or water-cooled: 
L-6, 90 deg., V-8, and so forth).
    (v) The location of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (vi) The method of air aspiration.
    (vii) The combustion cycle.
    (viii) Catalytic converter characteristics.
    (ix) Thermal reactor characteristics.
    (x) Type of air inlet cooler (for example, intercoolers and after-
coolers) for diesel heavy-duty engines.
    (3)(i) Engines identical in all the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
families if the Administrator determines that they may be expected to 
have different emission characteristics. This determination will be 
based upon a consideration of the features of each engine listed in 
paragraphs (a)(3)(i) (A) through (G) of this section.
    (A) The bore and stroke.
    (B) The surface-to-volume ratio of the nominally dimensioned 
cylinder at the top dead center positions.
    (C) The intake manifold induction port sizes and configuration.
    (D) The exhaust manifold port size and configuration.
    (E) The intake and exhaust valve sizes.
    (F) The fuel system.
    (G) The camshaft timing and ignition or injection timing 
characteristics.
    (ii) Light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines produced in different 
model years and distinguishable in the respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section are treated as belonging to a single engine 
family if the Administrator requires it, after determining that the 
engines may be expected to have similar emission deterioration 
characteristics.
    (4) Where engines are of a type which cannot be divided into engine 
families based upon the criteria listed in paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of 
this section, the Administrator establishes families for those engines 
based upon those features most related to their emission 
characteristics. Engines that are eligible to be included in the same 
engine family based on the criteria in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3)(i) 
of this section may be further divided into different engine families if 
the manufacturer determines that they may be expected to have different 
emission characteristics. This determination will be based upon a 
consideration of the features of each engine listed in paragraphs (a)(4) 
(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the 
center line of the camshaft.
    (ii) The dimension from the center line of the crankshaft to the top 
of the cylinder block head face.
    (iii) The size of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
    (5) The gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks covered by an application for certification will be 
divided into groupings which are expected to have similar evaporative 
emission characteristics throughout their useful life. Each group of 
vehicles with similar evaporative emission characteristics must be 
defined as a separate evaporative emission family.
    (6) For gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks to be classed in the same evaporative emission family, 
vehicles must be similar with respect to the items listed in paragraphs 
(a)(6) (i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) Type of vapor storage device (for example, canister, air 
cleaner, crankcase).
    (ii) Basic canister design.
    (iii) Fuel system.
    (7) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into 
evaporative emission families based on the criteria listed in paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section, the Administrator establishes families for those 
vehicles based upon the features most related to their evaporative 
emission characteristics.
    (8)(i) If the manufacturer elects to participate in the Production 
AMA Durability Program, the engine families

[[Page 322]]

covered by an application for certification must be grouped based upon 
similar engine design and emission control system characteristics. Each 
of these groups constitute a separate engine family group.
    (ii) To be classed in the same engine family group, engine families 
must contain engines identical in all of the respects listed in 
paragraphs (a)(8)(ii) (A) through (D) of this section.
    (A) The combustion cycle.
    (B) The cylinder block configuration (air-cooled or water-cooled: L-
6, V-8, rotary, etc.).
    (C) Displacement (engines of different displacement within 50 cubic 
inches or 15 percent of the largest displacement and contained within a 
multidisplacement engine family will be included in the same engine 
family group).
    (D) Catalytic converter usage and basic type (non-catalyst, 
oxidation catalyst only, three-way catalyst equipped).
    (9) Engine families identical in all respects listed in paragraph 
(a)(8) of this section may be further divided into different engine 
family groups if the Administrator determines that they are expected to 
have significantly different exhaust emission control system 
deterioration characteristics.
    (10) A manufacturer may request the Administrator to include in an 
engine family group engine families in addition to those grouped under 
the provisions of paragraph (a)(8) of this section. This request must be 
accompanied by information the manufacturer believes supports the 
inclusion of these additional engine families.
    (11) A manufacturer may combine into a single engine family group 
those light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck engine families which 
otherwise meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) (8) through (10) of 
this section.
    (12) Those vehicles covered by an application for certification 
which are equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled heavy-duty 
engines will be divided into groupings of vehicles on the basis of 
physical features which are expected to affect evaporative emissions. 
Each group of vehicles with similar features must be defined as a 
separate evaporative emission family.
    (13) For gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles to 
be classified in the same evaporative emission family, vehicles must be 
identical with respect to the items listed in paragraphs (a)(13) (i) and 
(ii) of this section.
    (i) Method of fuel/air metering (that is, carburetion versus fuel 
injection).
    (ii) Carburetor bowl fuel volume, within a 10 cc range.
    (14) For vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines to be classified in the same evaporative emission 
control system, vehicles must be identical with respect to the items 
listed in paragraphs (a)(14) (i) through (ix) of this section.
    (i) Method of vapor storage.
    (ii) Method of carburetor sealing.
    (iii) Method of air cleaner sealing.
    (iv) Vapor storage working capacity, within a 20g range.
    (v) Number of storage devices.
    (vi) Method of purging stored vapors.
    (vii) Method of venting the carburetor during both engine off and 
engine operation.
    (viii) Liquid fuel hose material.
    (ix) Vapor storage material.
    (15) Where vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engines are types which cannot be divided into evaporative 
emission family-control system combinations based on the criteria listed 
above, the Administrator establishes evaporative emission family-control 
system combinations for those vehicles based on features most related to 
their evaporative emission characteristics.
    (b) Emission data--(1) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. 
This paragraph applies to light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck 
emission data vehicles.
    (i) Vehicles are chosen to be operated and tested for emission data 
based upon engine family groupings. Within each engine family, one test 
vehicle is selected. The Administrator selects as the test vehicle the 
vehicle with the heaviest equivalent test weight (including options) 
within the family. If more than one vehicle meets this criterion, then 
within that vehicle grouping, the Administrator selects, in the order 
listed, the highest road-load

[[Page 323]]

power, largest displacement, the transmission with the highest numerical 
final gear ratio (including overdrive), the highest numerical axle ratio 
offered in that engine family, and the maximum fuel flow calibration.
    (ii) The Administrator selects one additional test vehicle from 
within each engine family. The additional vehicle selected is the 
vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those vehicles 
remaining in the engine family. If all vehicles within the engine family 
are similar, the Administrator may waive the requirements of this 
paragraph.
    (iii) Within an engine family and exhaust emission control system, 
the manufacturer may alter any emission data vehicle (or other vehicles 
such as current or previous model year emission data vehicles, fuel 
economy data vehicles, and development vehicles provided they meet 
emission data vehicles' protocol) to represent more than one selection 
under paragraph (b)(1) (i), (ii), (iv), or (vii) of this section.
    (iv) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) 
(i) and (ii) of this section do not represent each engine-system 
combination, then one vehicle of each engine-system combination not 
represented will be selected by the Administrator. The vehicle selected 
is the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions of those 
vehicles remaining in the engine family.
    (v) For high-altitude exhaust emission compliance for each engine 
family, the manufacturer must follow one of the procedures described in 
paragraphs (b)(1)(v) (A) and (B) of this section.
    (A) The manufacturer must select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest emissions from 
the nonexempt vehicles selected in accordance with Sec. 86.096-24(b)(1) 
(ii), (iii), and (iv); or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) 
of this section, a manufacturer may provide a statement in its 
application for certification that, based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission testing as the 
manufacturer deems appropriate, all light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) or Sec. 86.094-9(h) comply with 
the emission standards at high altitude.
    (vi) If 90 percent or more of the engine family sales will be in 
California, a manufacturer may substitute emission data vehicles 
selected by the California Air Resources Board criteria for the 
selections specified in Sec. 86.096-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), and (iv).
    (vii)(A) Vehicles of each evaporative emission family are divided 
into evaporative emission control systems.
    (B) The Administrator selects the vehicle expected to exhibit the 
highest evaporative emissions from within each evaporative family to be 
certified. This vehicle is selected from among the vehicles represented 
by the exhaust emission data selections for the engine family, unless 
evaporative testing has already been completed on the vehicle expected 
to exhibit the highest evaporative emissions for the evaporative family 
as part of another engine family's testing.
    (C) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) of this section do not represent each evaporative 
emission control system then the Administrator selects the highest 
expected evaporative emission vehicle from within the unrepresented 
evaporative system.
    (viii) For high-altitude evaporative emission compliance for each 
evaporative emission family, the manufacturer must follow one of the 
procedures listed in paragraphs (b)(1)(viii) (A) and (B) of this 
section.
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the one nonexempt vehicle previously selected under paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii) (B) or (C) of this section which is expected to have the 
highest level of evaporative emissions when operated at high altitude; 
or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to Sec. 86.096-
24(b)(1)(viii)(A), a manufacturer may provide a statement in its 
application for certification that, based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission testing as the 
manufacturer deems appropriate, all light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks not exempt under Sec. 86.090-8(h) or Sec. 86.094-9(h) comply with 
the emission standards at high altitude.

[[Page 324]]

    (ix) Vehicles selected under paragraph (b)(1)(v)(A) of this section 
may be used to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(viii)(A) of 
this section.
    (x) [Reserved]
    (xi) For cold temperature CO exhaust emission compliance for each 
engine family, the Administrator will select for testing the vehicle 
expected to emit the highest emissions from the vehicles selected in 
accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this 
section. This vehicle is tested by the manufacturer in accordance with 
the test procedures in subpart C of this part or with alternative 
procedures requested by the manufacturer and approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (xii) For CST exhaust emission compliance for each engine family, 
the Administrator will select for testing one vehicle from among the 
vehicles selected in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) (i) through (iv) 
of this section. This vehicle is tested by the manufacturer in 
accordance with the test procedures set forth in subpart O of this part.
    (2) Otto-cycle heavy-duty emission data engines. This paragraph 
applies to Otto-cycle heavy-duty emission data engines.
    (i) through (ii) [Reserved]
    (iii) The Administrator selects a maximum of two engines within each 
engine family based upon features indicating that they may have the 
highest emission levels of the engines in the engine family in 
accordance with the criteria described in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) (A) and 
(B) of this section.
    (A) The Administrator selects one emission data engine first based 
on the largest displacement within the engine family. Then from those 
within the largest displacement the Administrator selects, in the order 
listed, the engine with the highest fuel flow at the speed of maximum 
rated torque, with the most advanced spark timing, with no EGR or lowest 
EGR flow, and with no air pump or with the lowest actual flow air pump.
    (B) The Administrator selects one additional engine from within each 
engine family. The engine selected is the engine expected to exhibit the 
highest emissions of those engines remaining in the engine family. If 
all engines within the engine family are similar, the Administrator may 
waive the requirements of this paragraph.
    (iv) If the engines selected in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section do not represent each engine displacement-
exhaust emission control system combination, then the Administrator 
selects one engine of each engine displacement-exhaust emission control 
system combination not represented.
    (v) Within an engine family/displacement/control system combination, 
the manufacturer may alter any emission data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission data engines and 
development engines provided they meet the emission data engines' 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section.
    (3) Diesel heavy-duty emission data engines. This paragraph applies 
to diesel-cycle heavy-duty emission data engines.
    (i) Engines will be chosen to be run for emission data based upon 
engine family groupings. Within each engine family, the requirements of 
paragraphs (b)(3) (i) through (iv) of this section must be met.
    (ii) Engines of each engine family will be divided into groups based 
upon their exhaust emission control systems. One engine of each engine 
system combination must be run for smoke emission data and gaseous 
emission data. Either the complete gaseous emission test or the complete 
smoke test may be conducted first. Within each combination, the engine 
that features the highest fuel feed per stroke, primarily at the speed 
of maximum rated torque and secondarily at rated speed, will usually be 
selected. If there are military engines with higher fuel rates than 
other engines in the same engine system combinations, then one military 
engine is also selected. The engine with the highest fuel feed per 
stroke is usually the one selected.
    (iii) The Administrator may select a maximum of one additional 
engine within each engine-system combination based upon features 
indicating that it may have the highest emission levels of the engines 
of that combination. In selecting this engine, the Administrator will 
consider such features

[[Page 325]]

as the injection system, fuel system, compression ratio, rated speed, 
rated horsepower, peak torque speed, and peak torque.
    (iv) Within an engine family control system combination, the 
manufacturer may alter any emission data engine (or other engine 
including current or previous model year emission data engines and 
development engines provided they meet the emission data engines' 
protocol) to represent more than one selection under paragraphs (b)(3) 
(ii) and (iii) of this section.
    (c) Durability data--(1) Light-duty vehicle durability data 
vehicles. This paragraph applies to light-duty vehicle durability data 
vehicles.
    (i) A durability data vehicle is selected by the Administrator to 
represent each engine-system combination. The vehicle selected must be 
of the engine displacement with the largest projected sales volume of 
vehicles with that control-system combination in that engine family and 
is designated by the Administrator as to transmission type, fuel system, 
inertia weight class, and test weight.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to operate and test additional 
vehicles to represent any engine-system combination. The additional 
vehicles must be of the same engine displacement, transmission type, 
fuel system, and inertia weight class as the vehicle selected for that 
engine-system combination in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 
(c)(1)(i) of this section. Notice of an intent to operate and test 
additional vehicles must be given to the Administrator no later than 30 
days following notification of the test fleet selection.
    (2) Light-duty trucks. This paragraph applies to vehicles, engines, 
subsystems, or components used to establish exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for light-duty trucks.
    (i) The manufacturer must select the vehicles, engines, subsystems, 
or components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components are used, they must be 
selected so that their emission deterioration characteristics may be 
expected to represent those of in-use vehicles, based on good 
engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Heavy-duty engines. This paragraph applies to engines, 
subsystems, or components used to establish exhaust emission 
deterioration factors for heavy-duty engines.
    (i) The manufacturer must select the engines, subsystems, or 
components to be used to determine exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for each engine-family control system combination. Whether 
engines, subsystems, or components are used, they must be selected so 
that their emission deterioration characteristics may be expected to 
represent those of in-use engines, based on good engineering judgment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (d) For purposes of testing under Sec. 86.094-26 (a)(9) or (b)(11), 
the Administrator may require additional emission data vehicles (or 
emission data engines) and durability data vehicles (light-duty vehicles 
only) identical in all material respects to vehicles (or engines) 
selected in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, 
provided that the number of vehicles (or engines) selected may not 
increase the size of either the emission data fleet or the durability 
data fleet by more than 20 percent or one vehicle (or engine), whichever 
is greater.
    (e)(1) [Reserved]
    (2) Any manufacturer may request to certify engine families with 
combined total sales of fewer than 10,000 light-duty vehicles, light-
duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty engines utilizing the 
procedures contained in Sec. 86.094-14 for emission data vehicle 
selection and determination of deterioration factors. The deterioration 
factors are applied only to entire engine families.
    (f) Carryover and carryacross of durability and emission data. In 
lieu of testing an emission data or durability data vehicle (or engine) 
selected under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, and submitting data 
therefore, a manufacturer may, with the prior written approval of the 
Administrator, submit exhaust emission data and/or evaporative emission 
data, as applicable on a similar vehicle (or engine) for which 
certification has previously been obtained or for

[[Page 326]]

which all applicable data required under Sec. 86.096-23 has previously 
been submitted.
    (g) This paragraph applies to light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks, but does not apply to the production vehicles selected under 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (1)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option), the full 
estimated weight of that item must be included in the curb weight 
computation for each vehicle available with that item in that carline, 
within that engine-system combination.
    (ii) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of the carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option), no weight for 
that item will be added in computing the curb weight for any vehicle in 
that carline, within that engine-system combination, unless that item is 
standard equipment on the vehicle.
    (iii) In the case of mutually exclusive options, only the weight of 
the heavier option will be added in computing the curb weight.
    (iv) Optional equipment weighing less than three pounds per item 
need not be considered.
    (2)(i) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that can 
reasonably be expected to influence emissions, then such items must 
actually be installed (unless excluded under paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of 
this section) on all emission data and durability data vehicles of that 
carline, within that engine-system combination, on which the items are 
intended to be offered in production. Items that can reasonably be 
expected to influence emissions are: air conditioning, power steering, 
power brakes, and other items determined by the Administrator.
    (ii) If the manufacturer determines by test data or engineering 
evaluation that the actual installation of the optional equipment 
required by paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section does not affect the 
emissions or fuel economy values, the optional equipment need not be 
installed on the test vehicle.
    (iii) The weight of the options must be included in the design curb 
weight and must also be represented in the weight of the test vehicles.
    (iv) The engineering evaluation, including any test data, used to 
support the deletion of optional equipment from test vehicles, must be 
maintained by the manufacturer and be made available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (3) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of a carline, 
within an engine-system combination, will be equipped with an item 
(whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that can 
reasonably be expected to influence emissions, that item may not be 
installed on any emission data vehicle or durability data vehicle of 
that carline, within that engine-system combination, unless that item is 
standard equipment on that vehicle or specifically required by the 
Administrator.
    (h) Production AMA Durability Program durability data vehicles. This 
paragraph applies to light-duty vehicle durability data vehicles 
selected under the Production AMA Durability Program described in 
Sec. 86.094-13.
    (1) In order to update the durability data to be used to determine a 
deterioration factor for each engine family group, the Administrator 
will select durability data vehicles from the manufacturer's production 
line. Production vehicles will be selected from each model year's 
production for those vehicles certified using the Production AMA 
Durability Program procedures.
    (i) The Administrator selects the production durability data vehicle 
designs from the designs that the manufacturer offers for sale. For each 
model year and for each engine family group, the Administrator may 
select production durability data vehicle designs of equal number to the 
number of engine families within the engine family group, up to a 
maximum of three vehicles.

[[Page 327]]

    (ii) The production durability data vehicles representing the 
designs selected in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section are randomly 
selected from the manufacturer's production. The Administrator makes 
these random selections unless the manufacturer (with prior approval of 
the Administrator) elects to make the random selections.
    (iii) The manufacturer may select additional production durability 
data vehicle designs from within the engine family group. The production 
durability data vehicles representing these designs must be randomly 
selected from the manufacturer's production in accordance with paragraph 
(h)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (iv) For each production durability data vehicle selected under 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, the manufacturer must provide to the 
Administrator (before the vehicle is tested or begins service 
accumulation) the vehicle identification number. Before the vehicle 
begins service accumulation the manufacturer must also provide the 
Administrator with a description of the durability data vehicle as 
specified by the Administrator.
    (v) In lieu of testing a production durability data vehicle selected 
under paragraph (h)(1) of this section, and submitting data therefrom, a 
manufacturer may, with the prior written approval of the Administrator, 
submit exhaust emission data from a production vehicle of the same 
configuration for which all applicable data has previously been 
submitted.
    (2) If, within an existing engine family group, a manufacturer 
requests to certify vehicles of a new design, engine family, emission 
control system, or with any other durability-related design difference, 
the Administrator determines if the existing engine family group 
deterioration factor is appropriate for the new design. If the 
Administrator cannot make this determination or deems the deterioration 
factor not appropriate, the Administrator selects preproduction 
durability data vehicles under the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section. If vehicles are then certified using the new design, the 
Administrator may select production vehicles with the new design under 
the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this section.
    (3) If a manufacturer requests to certify vehicles of a new design 
that the Administrator determines are a new engine family group, the 
Administrator selects preproduction durability data vehicles under the 
provisions of paragraph (c) of this section. If vehicles are then 
certified using the new design, the Administrator may select production 
vehicles of that design under the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this 
section.

[58 FR 58417, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.096-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.

    Section 86.096-26 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.094-26 and 86.095-26. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.094-26 or Sec. 86.095-26 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.096-26, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-26.''
    (a) through (b)(4)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (b)(4)(i)(D) through (b)(4)(ii)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-26.
    (b)(4)(iii) through (c)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (c)(4) The manufacturer shall determine, for each engine family, the 
number of hours at which the engine system combination is stabilized for 
emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, and provide to 
the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale used in making 
this determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 125 hours 
on each test engine within an engine family without making a 
determination. Any engine used to represent emission-data engine 
selections under Sec. 86.094-24(b)(2) shall be equipped with an engine 
system combination that has accumulated at least the number of hours 
determined under this paragraph. Complete exhaust emission tests shall 
be conducted for each emission-data engine selection under Sec. 86.094-
24(b)(2). Evaporative emission controls must be connected, as described 
in Sec. 86.1337-96(a)(1). The Administrator may determine under 
Sec. 86.094-24(f) that no testing is required.

[[Page 328]]

    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.

[58 FR 16024, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.096-30  Certification.

    Section 86.096-30 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.094-30 and 86.095-30. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.094-30 or Sec. 86.095-30 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.096-30, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.''
    (a)(1)(i) through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (a)(3)(i) through (a)(4)(iii) introductory text [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iii)(A) through (a)(4)(iii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(4)(iv) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (a)(12) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(13) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(14) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(15) For all light-duty vehicles certified to evaporative test 
procedures and accompanying standards specified under Sec. 86.096-8:
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Sec. 86.096-8 both during and after 
model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Sec. 86.096-8 will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate was issued 
and the vehicles sold in violation of the implementation schedule shall 
not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (16) For all light-duty trucks certified to evaporative test 
procedures and accompanying standards specified under Sec. 86.096-9:
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Sec. 86.096-9 both during and after 
model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Sec. 86.096-9 will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate was issued 
and the vehicles sold in violation of the implementation schedule shall 
not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (17) For all heavy-duty vehicles certified to evaporative test 
procedures and accompanying standards specified under Sec. 86.096-10:
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Sec. 86.096-10 both during and after 
model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Sec. 86.096-10 will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate was issued 
and the vehicles sold in violation of the implementation schedule shall 
not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (18) For all heavy-duty vehicles certified to evaporative test 
procedures and accompanying standards specified under Sec. 86.098-11:
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Sec. 86.098-11 both during and after 
model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Sec. 86.098-11 will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate was issued 
and the vehicles sold in violation of the implementation schedule shall 
not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.

[[Page 329]]

    (19) For all light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified to standards under Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712, the 
provisions of paragraphs (a)(19) (i) through (iv) of this section apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon manufacturer 
compliance with all provisions of Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712 both 
during and after model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the requirements of Sec. 86.1710 (a) through 
(d) will be considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon 
which the certificate(s) was issued and the vehicles sold in violation 
of the fleet average NMOG standard shall not be covered by the 
certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (iv) For recall and warranty purposes, vehicles not covered by a 
certificate because of a violation of this condition of the certificate 
will continue to be held to the standards stated in the certificate that 
would have otherwise applied to the vehicles.
    (20) For all light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified to standards under Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712, the 
provisions of paragraphs (a)(20) (i) through (iv) of this section apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon manufacturer 
compliance with all provisions of Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712 both 
during and after model year production.
    (ii) Failure to comply fully with the prohibition against a 
manufacturer selling credits that it has not generated or are not 
available, as specified in Sec. 86.1710(e), will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) was 
issued and the vehicles sold in violation of this prohibition shall not 
be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (iv) For recall and warranty purposes, vehicles not covered by a 
certificate because of a violation of this condition of the certificate 
will continue to be held to the standards stated in the certificate that 
would have otherwise applied to the vehicles.
    (21) For all light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified to standards under Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712, the 
provisions of paragraphs (a)(21) (i) through (iv) of this section apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon manufacturer 
compliance with all provisions of Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712 both 
during and after model year production.
    (ii) Failure to comply fully with the prohibition against offering 
for sale Tier 1 vehicles and TLEVs in the Northeast Trading Region, as 
defined in Sec. 86.1702, after model year 2000 if vehicles with the same 
engine families are not certified and offered for sale in California in 
the same model year, as specified in Sec. 86.1711(a), will be considered 
to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) 
was issued and the vehicles sold in violation of this prohibition shall 
not be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (iv) For recall and warranty purposes, vehicles not covered by a 
certificate because of a violation of this condition of the certificate 
will continue to be held to the standards stated in the certificate that 
would have otherwise applied to the vehicles.
    (22) [Reserved]
    (23)(i) The Administrator will issue a National LEV certificate of 
conformity for 1999 model year vehicles or engines certified to comply 
with the California TLEV, LEV, or ULEV emission standards.
    (ii) This certificate of conformity shall be granted after the 
Administrator has received and reviewed the California Executive Order a 
manufacturer has received for the same vehicles or engines.
    (iii) Vehicles or engines receiving a certificate of conformity 
under the provisions in this paragraph can only be sold in the states 
included in the

[[Page 330]]

NTR, as defined in Sec. 86.1702, and those states where the sale of 
California-certified vehicles is otherwise authorized.
    (24)(i) The Administrator will issue a National LEV certificate of 
conformity for 2000 model year vehicles or engines certified to comply 
with the California TLEV emission standards.
    (ii) This certificate of conformity shall be granted after the 
Administrator has received and reviewed the California Executive Order a 
manufacturer has received for the same vehicles or engines.
    (iii) Vehicles or engines receiving a certificate of conformity 
under the provisions in this paragraph can only be sold in the states 
included in the NTR, as defined in Sec. 86.1702, and those states where 
the sale of California-certified vehicles is otherwise authorized.
    (b) through (f) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.

[58 FR 16024, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 34536, June 28, 1993; 
62 FR 31233, June 6, 1997; 63 FR 965, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.096-35  Labeling.

    Section 86.096-35 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.095-35. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.095-35 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.096-35, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.''
    (a) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii)(L) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(1)(iii)(M) For model years 1996 through 1998 light-duty 
vehicles, a clear indication of which test procedure was used to certify 
the evaporative family, e.g., ``Evaporative Family xx (Sec. 86.130-96 
procedures)'' or ``Evaporative Family xx (Sec. 86.130-78 procedures).''
    (N)(1) For vehicles exempted from compliance with certain revised 
performance warranty procedures, as specified in Sec. 86.096-21(j), a 
statement indicating the specific performance warranty test(s) of 40 CFR 
part 85, subpart W not to be performed.
    (2) For vehicles exempted from compliance with all revised 
performance warranty procedures, as specified in Sec. 86.096-21(k), a 
statement indicating:
    (i) that none of the performance warranty tests of 40 CFR part 85, 
subpart W is to be performed, and
    (ii) the name of the Administrator-approved alternative test 
procedure to be performed.
    (a)(2) Heading through (a)(2)(iii)(N) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(2)(iii)(O) For model years 1996 through 1998 light-duty trucks, 
a clear indication of which test procedure was used to certify the 
evaporative family, e.g., ``Evaporative Family xx (Sec. 86.130-96 
procedures)'' or ``Evaporative Family xx (Sec. 86.130-78 procedures).''
    (P)(1) For vehicles exempted from compliance with certain revised 
performance warranty procedures, as specified in Sec. 86.096-21(j), a 
statement indicating the specific performance warranty test(s) of 40 CFR 
part 85, subpart W not to be performed.
    (2) For vehicles exempted from compliance with all revised 
performance warranty procedures, as specified in Sec. 86.096-21(k), a 
statement indicating:
    (i) that none of the performance warranty tests of 40 CFR part 85, 
subpart W, is to be performed, and
    (ii) the name of the Administrator-approved alternative test 
procedure to be performed.
    (a)(3) through (a)(4)(iii)(F) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(4)(iii)(G) For model years 1996 through 1998 gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles, a clear indication of which test 
procedure was used to certify the evaporative family, e.g., 
``Evaporative Family xx (Sec. 86.1230-96 procedures)'' or ``Evaporative 
Family xx (Sec. 86.1230-85 procedures).''
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.

[58 FR 16024, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 34536, June 28, 1993; 
58 FR 58421, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.097-9  Emission standards for 1997 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    (a)(1) Standards--(i) Light light-duty trucks. (A) Exhaust emissions 
from 1997 and later model year light light-duty trucks shall meet all 
standards in tables A97-1 and A97-2 in the rows designated with the 
applicable fuel type and loaded vehicle weight. Light light-

[[Page 331]]

duty trucks shall not exceed the applicable standards in table A97-1 and 
shall not exceed the applicable standards in table A97-2.

               Table A97-1--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fuel                 LVW (lbs)     THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE      CO    NOX      PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.........................      0-3750  .........       0.25  .........  .........    3.4    0.4     0.08
Gasoline.........................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7     0.08
Diesel...........................      0-3750  .........       0.25  .........  .........    3.4    1.0     0.08
Diesel...........................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4  .....     0.08
Methanol.........................      0-3750  .........  .........  .........       0.25    3.4    0.4     0.08
Methanol.........................   3751-5750  .........  .........  .........       0.32    4.4    0.7     0.08
Natural Gas......................      0-3750  .........       0.25  .........  .........    3.4    0.4     0.08
Natural Gas......................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7     0.08
LPG..............................      0-3750  .........       0.25  .........  .........    3.4    0.4     0.08
LPG..............................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7     0.08
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                   Table A97-2--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fuel                 LVW (lbs)   THC \1\      NMHC     THCE \1\    NMHCE      CO    NOX      PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.........................      0-3750       0.80       0.31  .........  .........    4.2    0.6     0.10
Gasoline.........................   3751-5750       0.80       0.40  .........  .........    5.5   0.97     0.10
Diesel...........................      0-3750       0.80       0.31  .........  .........    4.2   1.25     0.10
Diesel...........................   3751-5750       0.80       0.40  .........  .........    5.5   0.97     0.10
Methanol.........................      0-3750  .........  .........       0.80       0.31    4.2    0.6     0.10
Methanol.........................   3751-5750  .........  .........       0.80       0.40    5.5   0.97     0.10
Natural Gas......................      0-3750  .........       0.31  .........  .........    4.2    0.6     0.10
Natural Gas......................   3751-5750  .........       0.40  .........  .........    5.5   0.97     0.10
LPG..............................      0-3750       0.80       0.31  .........  .........    4.2    0.6     0.10
LPG..............................   3751-5750       0.80       0.40  .........  .........    5.5   0.97     0.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Full useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.

    (B)(1) Vehicles subject to the standards of paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) 
of this section shall be all actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of 
the applicable model year by a manufacturer.
    (2) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full 
useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (ii) Heavy light-duty trucks. (A) Exhaust emissions from 1997 and 
later model year heavy light-duty trucks shall meet all standards in 
tables A97-3 and A97-4 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel 
type and adjusted loaded vehicle weight. Heavy light-duty trucks shall 
not exceed the applicable standards in table A97-3 and shall not exceed 
the applicable standards in table A97-4.

               Table A97-3--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fuel                ALVW (lbs)     THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE      CO    NOX      PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.........................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7  .......
Gasoline.........................       >5750  .........       0.39  .........  .........    5.0    1.1  .......
Diesel...........................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4  .....  .......
Diesel...........................       >5750  .........       0.39  .........  .........    5.0  .....  .......
Methanol.........................   3751-5750  .........  .........  .........       0.32    4.4    0.7  .......
Methanol.........................       >5750  .........  .........  .........       0.39    5.0    1.1  .......
Natural Gas......................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7  .......
Natural Gas......................       >5750  .........       0.39  .........  .........    5.0    1.1  .......
LPG..............................   3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7  .......
LPG..............................       >5750  .........       0.39  .........  .........    5.0    1.1  .......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 332]]


                   Table A97-4--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fuel                ALVW (lbs)     THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE      CO    NOX      PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.........................   3751-5750       0.80       0.46  .........  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
Gasoline.........................       >5750       0.80       0.56  .........  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
Diesel...........................   3751-5750       0.80       0.46  .........  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
Diesel...........................       >5750       0.80       0.56  .........  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
Methanol.........................   3751-5750  .........  .........       0.80       0.46    6.4   0.98     0.10
Methanol.........................       >5750  .........  .........       0.80       0.56    7.3   1.53     0.12
Natural Gas......................   3751-5750  .........       0.46  .........  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
Natural Gas......................       >5750  .........       0.56  .........  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
LPG..............................   3751-5750       0.80       0.46  .........  .........    6.4   0.98     0.10
LPG..............................       >5750       0.80       0.56  .........  .........    7.3   1.53     0.12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (B)(1) Vehicles subject to the standards of paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) 
of this section shall be all actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of 
the applicable model year by a manufacturer.
    (2) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full 
useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (iii) Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide from 1997 and later model 
year light-duty trucks shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow 
at curb idle at a useful life of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
first occurs (for Otto-cycle and methanol-natural gas- and liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled diesel-cycle light-duty trucks only).
    (iv) CST emissions from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks 
measured and calculated in accordance with subpart O of this part may 
not exceed the standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) (A) and (B) of 
this section.
    (A) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) 
of this section refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as 
set forth in subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures. The test weight basis for light light-
duty trucks, for the purposes of determining equivalent test weight as 
prescribed in Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle weight. The test 
weight basis for heavy light-duty trucks, for the purposes of 
determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in Sec. 86.129-94, 
shall be adjusted loaded vehicle weight. The standard set forth in 
paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section refers to the exhaust emitted at 
curb idle and measured and calculated in accordance with the procedures 
set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-9.
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any 1997 and later model year light-duty truck.
    (d) through (f) [Reserved]
    (g) Any model year 1997 and later light-duty truck that a 
manufacturer wishes to certify for sale shall meet the emission 
standards under both low- and high-altitude conditions as specified in 
Sec. 86.082-2, except as provided in paragraphs (h) and (i) of this 
section. Vehicles shall meet emission standards under both low- and 
high-altitude conditions without manual adjustments or modifications. 
Any emission control device used to meet emission standards under high-
altitude conditions shall initially actuate (automatically) no higher 
than 4,000 feet above sea level.
    (h) The manufacturer may exempt 1997 and later model year light-duty 
trucks from compliance at high altitude with the emission standards set 
forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, if the vehicles are not 
intended for sale at high altitude and if the requirements of paragraphs 
(h) (1) and (2) of this section are met.

[[Page 333]]

    (1) A vehicle configuration shall only be considered eligible for 
exemption under paragraph (h) of this section if the requirements of any 
of paragraphs (h)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section are met.
    (i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and 
engine speed-to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted 
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is 
determined according to the following procedure:
    (A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data 
of all vehicle configurations it will offer for the model year in 
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine 
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the gross vehicle 
weight (GVW) expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate shall be 
N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions per 
minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At the 
manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N/V. The gear selection must be the same for all N/V data 
points on the manufacturer's graph. For each transmission/axle ratio 
combination, only the lowest N/V value shall be used in the graphical 
display.
    (B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V=C(D/
W)-0.9 where the constant, C, is determined by the 
requirement that all the vehicle data points either fall on the line or 
lie to the upper right of the line as displayed on the graphs.
    (C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V=C(0.84 
D/W)-0.9 where the constant, C, is the same as that found in 
paragraph (h)(1)(i)(B) of this section.
    (D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which 
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on 
the graph.
    (ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range 
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is 
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in 
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section 
and by using the product line N/V=C(hp/W)-0.9.
    (A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of 
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349 (copies may be obtained from 
SAE, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096), or any subsequent 
version of that test procedure. Any of the horsepower determinants 
within that test procedure may be used, as long as it is used 
consistently throughout the manufacturer's product line in any model 
year.
    (B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this 
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle configurations as 
set forth in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to 
accelerate from 0 to a speed not less than 40 miles per hour and not 
greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude conditions is 
greater than the largest acceleration time under low-altitude conditions 
for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure to be followed in 
making this determination is:
    (A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle configuration and 
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle 
configuration which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude 
conditions of all the vehicle configurations it will offer for the model 
year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description of 
the methodology used to make this determination.
    (B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle configurations and 
acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those vehicles 
configurations which have higher acceleration times under high-altitude 
conditions than the highest acceleration time at low altitude identified 
in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.
    (iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraph 
(h)(1)(iii) of this section, its acceleration time can be estimated 
based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in accordance with 
good engineering practice, to meet the exemption criteria of paragraph 
(h)(1)(iii) of this section.

[[Page 334]]

    (2) A vehicle shall only be considered eligible for exemption under 
this paragraph if at least one configuration of its model type (and 
transmission configuration in the case of vehicles equipped with manual 
transmissions, excluding differences due to the presence of overdrive) 
is certified to meet emission standards under high-altitude conditions 
as specified in paragraphs (a) through (g) of this section. The 
Certificate of Conformity (the Certificate) covering any exempted 
configuration(s) will also apply to the corresponding non-exempt 
configuration(s) required under this subparagraph. As a condition to the 
exemption, any suspension, revocation, voiding, or withdrawal of the 
Certificate as it applies to a non-exempt configuration for any reason 
will result in a suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding exempted configuration(s) of that model type, unless there 
is at least one other corresponding non-exempt configuration of the same 
model type still covered by the Certificate. The suspension of the 
Certificate as it applies to the exempted configuration(s) will be 
terminated when any one of the following occurs:
    (i) Another corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) receive(s) 
coverage under the Certificate; or
    (ii) Suspension of the Certificate as it applies to the 
corresponding non-exempt configuration(s) is terminated; or
    (iii) The Agency's action(s), with respect to suspension, 
revocation, voiding or withdrawal of the Certificate as it applies to 
the corresponding non-exempt configuration(s), is reversed.
    (3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph 
(h)(1) of this section will be considered a violation of section 
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.
    (i)(1) The manufacturers may exempt 1997 and later model year light-
duty trucks from compliance at low altitude with the emission standards 
set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the vehicles:
    (i) Are not intended for sale at low altitude; and
    (ii) Are equipped with a unique, high-altitude axle ratio (rear-
wheel drive vehicles) or a unique, high-altitude drivetrain (front-wheel 
drive vehicles) with a higher N/V ratio than other configurations of 
that model type which are certified in compliance with the emission 
standards of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (2) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at low altitude that has 
been exempted as set forth in paragraph (i)(1) of this section will be 
considered a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.
    (j) Any light-duty truck that a manufacturer wishes to certify for 
sale under the provisions of paragraphs (h) or (i) of this section is 
subject to the provisions of subpart Q of this part.
    (k)(1) Cold Temperature Carbon Monoxide (CO) Standards--Light light-
duty trucks. Exhaust emissions from 1997 and later model year light 
light-duty trucks with a loaded vehicle weight of 3,750 lbs or less 
shall not exceed the cold temperature CO standard of 10.0 grams per mile 
and light light-duty trucks with a loaded vehicle weight of greater than 
3,750 lbs shall not exceed a cold temperature CO standard of 12.5 grams 
per mile, both for an intermediate useful life of 50,000 miles and as 
measured and calculated under the provisions set forth in subpart C of 
this part. This standard applies under both low and high altitude 
conditions.
    (2) Heavy light-duty trucks. Exhaust emissions from 1997 and later 
model year heavy light-duty trucks shall not exceed the cold temperature 
CO standard of 12.5 grams per mile for an intermediate useful life of 
50,000 miles, as measured and calculated under the provisions set forth 
in subpart C of this part. This standard applies under both low and high 
altitude conditions.

[56 FR 25757, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31916, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 16025, Mar. 24, 1993; 58 FR 58421, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 48500, Sept. 
21, 1994; 60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.098-2  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.096-2 continue to apply to 1996 and later 
model year vehicles. The definitions listed in this section apply 
beginning with the 1998 model year.
    Dispensed fuel temperature means the temperature (deg.F or deg.C may 
be used) of the fuel being dispensed into

[[Page 335]]

the tank of the test vehicle during a refueling test.
    Evaporative/refueling emission control system means a unique 
combination within an evaporative/refueling family of canister 
adsorptive material, purge system configuration, purge strategy, and 
other parameters determined by the Administrator to affect evaporative 
and refueling emission control system durability or deterioration 
factors.
    Evaporative/refueling emission family means the basic classification 
unit of a manufacturers' product line used for the purpose of 
evaporative and refueling emissions test fleet selection and determined 
in accordance with Sec. 86.098-24.
    Fixed liquid level gauge means a type of liquid level gauge used on 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles which uses a relatively small 
positive shutoff valve and is designed to indicate when the liquid level 
in the fuel tank being filled reaches the proper fill level. The venting 
of fuel vapor and/or liquid fuel to the atmosphere during the refueling 
event is generally associated with the use of the fixed liquid level 
gauge.
    Integrated refueling emission control system means a system where 
vapors resulting from refueling are stored in a common vapor storage 
unit(s) with other evaporative emissions of the vehicle and are purged 
through a common purge system.
    Non-integrated refueling emission control system means a system 
where fuel vapors from refueling are stored in a vapor storage unit 
assigned solely to the function of storing refueling vapors.
    Refueling emissions means evaporative emissions that emanate from a 
motor vehicle fuel tank(s) during a refueling operation.
    Refueling emissions canister(s) means any vapor storage unit(s) that 
is exposed to the vapors generated during refueling.
    Resting losses means evaporative emissions that may occur 
continuously, that are not diurnal emissions, hot soak emissions, 
refueling emissions, running losses, or spitback emissions.
    Useful life means:
    (1) For light-duty vehicles, and for light light-duty trucks not 
subject to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9(a), intermediate useful 
life and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a period of 
use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full useful life 
is a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first, 
except as otherwise noted in Sec. 86.094-9. The useful life of 
evaporative and/or refueling emission control systems on the portion of 
these vehicles subject to the evaporative emission test requirements of 
Sec. 86.130-96, and/or the refueling emission test requirements of 
Sec. 86.151-98, is defined as a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 
miles, whichever occurs first.
    (2) For light light-duty trucks subject to the Tier 0 standards of 
Sec. 86.094-9(a), and for heavy light-duty truck engine families, 
intermediate and/or full useful life. Intermediate useful life is a 
period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Full 
useful life is a period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
occurs first. The useful life of evaporative emission control systems on 
the portion of these vehicles subject to the evaporative emission test 
requirements of Sec. 86.130-96 is also defined as a period of 11 years 
or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (3) For an Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine family:
    (i) For hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide standards, a period of use 
of 8 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (ii) For the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 
years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (iii) For the portion of evaporative emission control systems 
subject to the evaporative emission test requirements of Sec. 86.1230-
96, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs 
first.
    (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family:
    (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, and particulate standards, a period of use of 8 years or 
110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (ii) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen 
standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first 
occurs.

[[Page 336]]

    (iii) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, and particulate standards, a period of use of 8 years or 
185,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
    (iv) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for the oxides of 
nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 185,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.
    (v) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, and particulate standards, a period of use of 8 years or 
290,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except as provided in paragraph 
(3)(vii) of this definition.
    (vi) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen 
standard, a period of use of 10 years or 290,000 miles, whichever first 
occurs.
    (vii) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines used in urban buses, for 
the particulate standard, a period of use of 10 years or 290,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.

[59 FR 16288, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 48501, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.098-3  Abbreviations.

    (a) The abbreviations in Sec. 86.096-3 continue to apply. The 
abbreviations in this section apply beginning with the 1998 model year.
    (b) The abbreviations of this section apply to this subpart, and 
also to subparts B, E, F, G, K, M, N, and P of this part, and have the 
following meanings:

T D--Dispensed fuel temperature
ABT--Averaging, banking, and trading
HDE--Heavy-duty engine


[62 FR 54716, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.098-7  Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

    Section 86.098-7 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.091-7, 86.094-7 and 86.096-7. 
Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.091-7, Sec. 86.094-7 or Sec. 86.096-7 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-7, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-7.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-7.''.
    (a) introductory text through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.091-7.
    (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.
    (b) through (c)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (c)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.
    (c)(4) through (d)(1)(v) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (d)(1)(vi) through (d)(2)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-7.
    (d)(3) through (g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-7.
    (h)(1) through (h)(5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-7.
    (h)(6) Voiding a certificate. (i) EPA may void ab initio a 
certificate for a vehicle certified to Tier 0 certification standards or 
to the respective evaporative and/or refueling test procedure and 
accompanying evaporative and/or refueling standards as set forth or 
otherwise referenced in Secs. 86.098-8, 86.098-9, or 86.098-10 for which 
the manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or 
to provide such information to the Administrator upon request.
    (h)(6)(ii) to (h)(7)(vi) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-7.
    (h)(6)(vii) EPA evaporative/refueling family.

[59 FR 16288, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.098-8  Emission standards for 1998 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    Section 86.098-8 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.096-8. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.096-8 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-8, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.''
    (a) through (b)(5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.
    (b)(6) Vehicles certified to the refueling standards set forth in 
paragraph (d) of this section are not required to demonstrate compliance 
with the fuel dispensing spitback standards contained in Sec. 86.096-8 
(b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(iii): Provided, that they meet the requirements 
of Sec. 86.098-28(f).
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.

[[Page 337]]

    (d) Refueling emissions from 1998 and later model year gasoline-
fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and methanol-
fueled diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles.
    (1) Standards--(i) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle and 
petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles). 0.20 gram per gallon (0.053 
gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (ii) Total hydrocarbon equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
0.20 gram per gallon (0.053 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (iii) Hydrocarbons (for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). 
0.15 gram per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (iv) Refueling receptacle (for natural gas-fueled vehicles). 
Refueling receptacles on natural gas-fueled vehicles shall comply with 
the receptacle provisions of the ANSI/AGA NGV1 standard-1994 (as 
incorporated by reference in Sec. 86.1).
    (2)(i) The standards set forth in paragraphs (d)(1) (i) and (ii) of 
this section refer to a sample of refueling emissions collected under 
the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles powered by petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle engines, 
the provisions set forth in paragraph (d)(1) of this section may be 
waived: Provided, that the manufacturer complies with the provisions of 
Sec. 86.098-28(g).
    (3)(i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A98-08 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled 
diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles shall be tested under the procedures in 
subpart B of this part indicated for 1998 and later model years, and 
shall not exceed the standards described in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section. Vehicles certified in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of 
this section, as determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.098-28(g), 
shall not be counted in the calculation of the percentage of compliance.

 Table A98-08--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicle Refueling
                            Emission Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998.......................................................           40
1999.......................................................           80
2000 and subsequent........................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedule of table A98-08 of 
this section for model years 1998 and 1999. For small volume 
manufacturers, the standards of paragraph (d) of this section, and the 
associated test procedures, shall not apply until model year 2000, when 
100 percent compliance with the standards of this section is required. 
This exemption does not apply to small volume engine families as defined 
in Sec. 86.094-14(b)(5).
    (e) through (f) [Reserved]
    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.

[59 FR 16289, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 48501, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.098-10  Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    Section 86.098-10 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.096-10. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.096-10 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-10, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.096-10.''
    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 1998 and later model year Otto-
cycle heavy-duty engines shall not exceed:
    (i) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or 
liquefied petroleum gas, and intended for use in all vehicles except as 
provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this paragraph.
    (A) Hydrocarbons. 1.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.41 gram per 
megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.36 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.

[[Page 338]]

    (2) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or 
liquefied petroleum gas and utilizing aftertreatment technology: 0.50 
percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen (1) 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.49 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its gasoline-
fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the NOX or 
NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions 
described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (3) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its liquified 
petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the 
NOX or NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (ii) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline 
or liquefied petroleum gas, and intended for use only in vehicles with a 
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 pounds.
    (A) Hydrocarbons. 1.9 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.71 gram per 
megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (B) Carbon Monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (13.8 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or 
liquefied petroleum gas and utilizing aftertreatment technology: 0.50 
percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen (1) 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.49 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its gasoline-
fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the NOX or 
NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions 
described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (3) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its liquified 
petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the 
NOX or NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within 
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (iii) For methanol-fueled Otto cycle heavy-duty engines intended for 
use in all vehicles, except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section.
    (A) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent. 1.1 gram per brake horsepower-hour 
(0.41 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.36 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(1.49 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its methanol-
fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the NOX or 
NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions 
described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-

[[Page 339]]

hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (iv) For methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines intended for 
use only in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs.
    (A) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent. 1.9 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (0.71 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (13.8 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(1.49 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its methanol-
fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the NOX or 
NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions 
described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the manufacturer elects to 
include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX 
FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (v) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines intended 
for use in all vehicles except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section.
    (A) Nonmethane hydrocarbons. 0.9 gram per brake horsepower-hour 
(0.33 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.36 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing 
aftertreatment technology. 0.50 percent of exhaust flow at curb idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its natural 
gas-fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the NOX 
or NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the 
restrictions described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (vi) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines intended for use only 
in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 
pounds.
    (A) Nonmethane hydrocarbons. 1.7 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(0.63 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (13.8 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing 
aftertreatment technology. 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb 
idle.
    (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its natural 
gas-fueled Otto-cycle HDE families in any or all of the NOX 
or NOX plus NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the 
restrictions described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the 
manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, 
the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether 
credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking 
programs.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over the operating schedule set forth in 
paragraph (f)(1) of appendix I to this part, and measured and calculated 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart N or P of this 
part.
    (3)(i) A manufacturer may certify one or more Otto-cycle heavy-duty 
engine configurations intended for use in all vehicles to the emission 
standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii), (a)(1)(iv)

[[Page 340]]

or (a)(1)(vi) of this paragraph: Provided, that the total model year 
sales of such configuration(s), segregated by fuel type, being certified 
to the emission standards in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section 
represent no more than five percent of total model year sales of each 
fuel type Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine intended for use in vehicles with 
a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds by the 
manufacturer.
    (ii) The configurations certified to the emission standards of 
paragraphs (a)(1) (ii) and (vi) of this section under the provisions of 
paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section shall still be required to meet the 
evaporative emission standards set forth in paragraphs Sec. 86.096-
10(b)(1)(i), (b)(2)(i) and (b)(3)(i).
    (iii) The configurations certified to the emission standards of 
paragraphs (a)(1) (ii) and (iv) of this section under the provisions of 
paragraphs (a)(3) (i) and (ii) of this section shall still be required 
to meet the evaporative emission standards set forth in paragraphs 
(b)(1)(i), (b)(2)(i), and (b)(3)(i) of this section.
    (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-10.
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1998 or later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty 
engine.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart N or P of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section.

[58 FR 15800, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48501, Sept. 21, 1994; 
62 FR 54716, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.098-11  Emission standards for 1998 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    (a) Exhaust emissions from new 1998 and later model year diesel 
heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following:
    (1)(i) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either 
petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (ii) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (iii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) Carbon monoxide. (i) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, 
natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only).
    (3) Oxides of Nitrogen. (i) 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(1.49 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
HDE families in any or all of the NOX or NOX plus 
NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions described in 
Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the manufacturer elects to include 
engine families in any of these programs, the NOX FELs may 
not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (4) Particulate. (i) For diesel engines to be used in urban buses, 
0.05 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.019 gram per megajoule) for 
certification testing and selective enforcement audit testing, and 0.07 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.026 gram per megajoule) for in-use 
testing, as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) For all other diesel engines only, 0.10 gram per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (iii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
HDE families in any or all of the particulate ABT programs for HDEs, 
within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If 
the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these

[[Page 341]]

programs, the particulate FEL may not exceed:
    (A) For engine families intended for use in urban buses, 0.25 gram 
per brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule).
    (B) For engine families not intended for use in urban buses, 0.60 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.22 gram per megajoule).
    (C) The ceiling values in paragraphs (a)(4)(iii) (A) and (B) of this 
section apply whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, 
trading or banking programs.
    (b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 1998 and later model 
year diesel heavy-duty engine shall not exceed:
    (i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.
    (iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set 
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus 
methanol) from heavy-duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel 
engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply 
equally to certification and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also 
applies to newly assembled vehicles.
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
    (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
    (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the 
conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set forth in 
subpart M of this part. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers 
may conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions 
for an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this 
section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using 
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (iv) All fuel vapor generated during in-use operations shall be 
routed exclusively to the evaporative control system (e.g., either 
canister or engine purge). The only exception to this requirement shall 
be for emergencies.
    (v)(A) At least 90 percent of a manufacturer's sales of 1998 model 
year heavy-duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel engines 
shall not exceed the standards described in paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section. The remaining vehicles shall be subject to the standards 
described in Sec. 86.094-11(b)(3). All 1999 model year and later heavy-
duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel engines shall not 
exceed the standards described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (B) Optionally, 90 percent of a manufacturer's combined sales of 
1998 model year gasoline- and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles, 
light-duty trucks,

[[Page 342]]

and heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable standards.
    (C) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the phase-in described in paragraph 
(b)(3)(v)(A) of this section. For small volume manufacturers, the 
standards of Sec. 86.094-11(b)(3), and the associated test procedures, 
apply for the 1998 model year. Beginning in the 1999 model year, 100 
percent compliance with the standards of this section is required. This 
exemption does not apply to small volume engine families as defined in 
Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (4) Evaporative emissions from 1998 and later model year heavy-duty 
vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following standards. The 
standards apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles.
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected 
under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and 
(b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering 
design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which 
is required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1998 or later model year methanol-, natural gas-
, or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated 
diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum-fueled engines only, this 
provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers, 
or superchargers for air induction.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section.

[58 FR 15801, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 34536, June 28, 1993; 
59 FR 48502, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995; 62 FR 54716, 
Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.098-14  Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    Section 86.098-14 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Secs. 86.094-14 or 86.095-14. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-14 or Sec. 86.095-14 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.098-14, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
14.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-14.''.
    (a) through (c)(7)(i)(C)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-14.
    (c)(7)(i)(C)(4) For light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, and heavy-
duty vehicle evaporative and/or refueling emissions (as applicable) and 
for light-duty truck, and heavy-duty engine exhaust emissions, 
deterioration factors shall be determined in accordance with 
Sec. 86.098-24.
    (c)(7)(ii) through (c)(11)(ii)(B) introductory text [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(B)(1) Engine evaporative/refueling family names and 
vehicle (or engine) configurations.
    (c)(11)(ii)(B)(2) through (c)(11)(ii)(B)(15) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(B)(16) through (c)(11)(ii)(B)(18) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.095-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(B)(19) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or 
heavy-duty vehicle evaporative/refueling emission family, a description 
of any unique procedures required to perform evaporative and/or 
refueling emission

[[Page 343]]

tests (as applicable) (including canister working capacity, canister bed 
volume, and fuel temperature profile for the running loss test) for all 
vehicles in that evaporative/refueling emission family, and a 
description of the method used to develop those unique procedures.
    (20) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or heavy-duty 
vehicle evaporative/refueling emission family:
    (i) Canister working capacity, according to the procedures specified 
in Sec. 86.132-96(h)(1)(iv);
    (ii) Canister bed volume; and
    (iii) Fuel temperature profile for the running loss test, according 
to the procedures specified in Sec. 86.129-94(d).
    (c)(11)(ii)(C) through (c)(11)(ii)(D)(5) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.095-14.
    (c)(11)(ii)(D)(6) [Reserved].
    (c)(11)(ii)(D)(7) through (c)(15) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-14.

[59 FR 16289, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.098-15  NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

    Section 86.098-15 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-15. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-15 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-15, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-15.''
    (a) through (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-15.
    (c)(1) For each participating engine family, NOX and 
particulate emission credits (positive or negative) are to be calculated 
according to one of the following equations and rounded, in accordance 
with ASTM E29-93a, to the nearest one-tenth of a Megagram (MG). 
Consistent units are to be used throughout the equation.
    (i) For determining credit need for all engine families and credit 
availability for engine families generating credits for averaging 
programs only:

Emission credits = (Std-FEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  
    (10-6)

    (ii) For determining credit availability for engine families 
generating credits for trading or banking programs:

Emission credits = (Std-FEL)  x  (CF)  x  (UL)  x  (Production)  x  
    (10-6)  x  (Discount)

    (iii) For purposes of the equations in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) 
of this section:

Std = the current and applicable heavy-duty engine NOX or 
particulate emission standard in grams per brake horsepower hour or 
grams per Megajoule.
FEL = the NOX or particulate family emission limit for the 
engine family in grams per brake horsepower hour or grams per Megajoule.
CF = a transient cycle conversion factor in BHP-hr/mi or MJ/mi, as given 
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
UL = the useful life, or alternative life as described in paragraph (f) 
of Sec. 86.094-21, for the given engine family in miles.
Production = the number of engines produced for U.S. sales within the 
given engine family during the model year. Quarterly production 
projections are used for initial certification. Actual production is 
used for end-of-year compliance determination.
Discount = a one-time discount applied to all credits to be banked or 
traded within the model year generated. The discount applied here is 
0.8. Banked credits traded in a subsequent model year will not be 
subject to an additional discount. Banked credits used in a subsequent 
model year's averaging program will not have the discount restored.

    (2)(i) The transient cycle conversion factor is the total 
(integrated) cycle brake horsepower-hour or Megajoules, divided by the 
equivalent mileage of the applicable transient cycle. For Otto-cycle 
heavy-duty engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.3 miles. For diesel 
heavy-duty engines, the equivalent mileage is 6.5 miles.
    (ii) When more than one configuration is chosen by EPA to be tested 
in the certification of an engine family (as described in Sec. 86.085-
24), the conversion factor used is to be based upon a production 
weighted average value of the configurations in an engine family to 
calculate the conversion factor.
    (d) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-15.
    (j) Optional program for early banking. Provisions set forth in 
paragraphs (a) through (i) of this section apply except as specifically 
stated otherwise in paragraph (j) of this section.

[[Page 344]]

    (1) To be eligible for the optional program described in paragraph 
(j) of this section, the following must apply:
    (i) Credits are generated from diesel cycle heavy-duty engines.
    (ii) During certification, the manufacturer shall declare its intent 
to include specific engine families in the program described in this 
paragraph (j). Separate declarations are required for each program and 
no engine families may be included in both programs in the same model 
year.
    (2) Credit generation and use. (i) Credits shall only be generated 
by 1998 and later model year engine families.
    (ii) Credits may only be used for 2004 and later model year heavy-
duty diesel engines. When used with 2004 and later model year engines, 
NOX credits may be used to meet the NOX plus NMHC 
standard, except as otherwise provided in Sec. 86.004-11(a)(1)(i)(D).
    (iii) If a manufacturer chooses to use credits generated under 
paragraph (j) of this section prior to model year 2004, the averaging, 
trading, and banking of such credits shall be governed by the program 
provided in paragraphs (a) through (i) of this section and shall be 
subject to all discounting, credit life limits and all other provisions 
contained therein. In the case where the manufacturer can demonstrate 
that the credits were discounted under the program provided in paragraph 
(j) of this section, that discount may be accounted for in the 
calculation of credits described in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (3) Program flexibilities. (i) NOX and PM credits that 
are banked until model year 2004 under this paragraph (j) may be used in 
2004 or any model year thereafter without being forfeited due to credit 
age. This supersedes the requirement in paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this 
section.
    (ii) There are no regional category restraints for averaging, 
trading, and banking of credits generated under the program described in 
paragraph (j) of this section. This supersedes the regional category 
provisions described in the opening text of paragraphs (d) and (e) of 
this section.
    (iii) Credit discounting. (A) For NOX and PM credits 
generated under this paragraph (j) from engine families with 
NOX certification levels greater than 3.5 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour for oxides of nitrogen, a Discount value of 0.9 shall be 
used in place of 0.8 in the credit availability equation in paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section.
    (B) For NOX and PM credits generated under this paragraph 
(j) from engine families with NOx certification levels less than or 
equal to 3.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour for oxides of nitrogen, a 
Discount value of 1.0 shall be used in place of 0.8 in the credit 
availability equation in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (iv) Credit apportionment. At the manufacturers option, credits 
generated under the provisions described in this section may be sold to 
or otherwise provided to another party for use in programs other than 
the averaging, trading and banking program described in this section.
    (A) The manufacturer shall pre-identify two emission levels per 
engine family for the purposes of credit apportionment. One emission 
level shall be the FEL and the other shall be the level of the standard 
that the engine family is required to certify to under Sec. 86.098-11. 
For each engine family, the manufacturer may report engine sales in two 
categories, ``ABT-only credits'' and ``nonmanufacturer-owned credits''.
    (1) For engine sales reported as ``ABT-only credits'', the credits 
generated must be used solely in the ABT program described in this 
section.
    (2) The engine manufacturer may declare a portion of engine sales 
``nonmanufacturer-owned credits'' and this portion of the credits 
generated between the standard and the FEL, based on the calculation in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section, would belong to another party. For 
ABT, the manufacturer may not generate any credits for the engine sales 
reported as ``nonmanufacturer-owned credits''. Engines reported as 
``nonmanufacturer-owned credits'' shall comply with the FEL and the 
requirements of the ABT program in all other respects.
    (B) Only manufacturer-owned credits reported as ``ABT-only credits'' 
shall be used in the averaging, trading, and banking provisions 
described in this section.

[[Page 345]]

    (C) Credits shall not be double-counted. Credits used in the ABT 
program may not be provided to an engine purchaser for use in another 
program.
    (D) Manufacturers shall determine and state the number of engines 
sold as ``ABT-only credits'' and ``nonmanufacturer-owned credits'' in 
the end-of-model year reports required under Sec. 86.098-23.

[62 FR 54716, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.098-17  Emission control diagnostic system for 1998 and later light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

    Section 86.098-17 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-17. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-17 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-17, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-17.''
    (a) introductory text through (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-17.
    (a)(4) Any other deterioration or malfunction within the powertrain 
which occurs in actual use and which results in an exhaust emission 
increase of greater than 0.2 g/mi HC, 1.7 g/mi CO, or 0.5 g/mi 
NOX, or any vapor leak in the evaporative and/or refueling 
system which results in an evaporative emissions increase of greater 
than 30.0 g/test measured over the first 24 hours of the diurnal portion 
of the revised evaporative emissions test procedure, in accordance with 
test procedures set forth in subpart B of this part, for vehicles 
certified to that test procedure.
    (b)(1) The electronic evaporative and/or refueling emission purge 
control, if equipped, and all emission-related powertrain components 
connected to a computer shall, at a minimum, be monitored for circuit 
continuity. All components required by these regulations to be monitored 
shall be evaluated periodically, but no less frequently than once per 
Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as defined in 40 CFR part 86, 
appendix I, paragraph (a), or similar trip.
    (b)(2) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-17.
    (j) Demonstration of compliance with California OBD II requirements 
(Title 13 California Code Sec. 1968.1), as modified pursuant to 
California Mail Out #97-24 (December 9, 1997), shall satisfy the 
requirements of this section, except that compliance with Title 13 
California Code Secs. 1968.1(b)(4.2.2), pertaining to evaporative leak 
detection, and 1968.1(d), pertaining to tampering protection, are not 
required to satisfy the requirements of this section.

[59 FR 16289, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 63 FR 70694, Dec. 22, 1998]



Sec. 86.098-21  Application for certification.

    Section 86.098-21 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-21 or Sec. 86.096-21. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-21 or Sec. 86.096-21 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.098-21, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
21.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-21.''.
    (a) through (b)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(4)(i) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a 
description of the test procedures to be used to establish the 
evaporative emission and/or refueling emission deterioration factors (as 
applicable) required to be determined and supplied in Sec. 86.098-
23(b)(2).
    (b)(4)(ii) through (iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(5)(v) For light-duty vehicles with non-integrated refueling 
emission control systems, the number of continuous UDDS cycles, 
determined from the fuel economy on the UDDS applicable to the test 
vehicle of that evaporative/refueling emission family-emission control 
system combination, required to use a volume of fuel equal to 85% of 
fuel tank volume.
    (b)(6) through (8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (b)(9) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or heavy-duty 
vehicle evaporative/refueling emission family, a description of any 
unique procedures required to perform evaporative and/or refueling 
emission tests (as applicable) (including canister working capacity, 
canister bed volume, and fuel temperature profile for the running loss 
test)

[[Page 346]]

for all vehicles in that evaporative/refueling emission family, and a 
description of the method used to develop those unique procedures.
    (10) For each light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, or heavy-duty 
vehicle evaporative/refueling emission family:
    (i) Canister working capacity, according to the procedures specified 
in Sec. 86.132-96(h)(1)(iv);
    (ii) Canister bed volume; and
    (iii) Fuel temperature profile for the running loss test, according 
to the procedures specified in Sec. 86.129-94(d).
    (c) through (j) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-21.
    (k) and (l) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-21.

[59 FR 16290, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.098-22  Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment for certification and 

          Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of limits, and 
          physically adjustable ranges.

    Section 86.098-22 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-22. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-22 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-22, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-22.''
    (a) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-22.
    (d) Approval of test procedures. (1) The Administrator does not 
approve the test procedures for establishing the evaporative and/or 
refueling emission deterioration factors for light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks. The manufacturer shall submit the procedures as 
required in Sec. 86.098-21(b)(4)(i) prior to the Administrator's 
selection of the test fleet under Sec. 86.098-24(b) (1), and if such 
procedures will involve testing of durability data vehicles selected by 
the Administrator or elected by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.098-
24(c)(1), prior to initiation of such testing.
    (d)(2) through (g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-22.

[59 FR 16290, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.098-23  Required data.

    Section 86.098-23 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.095-23. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.095-23 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-23, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.''
    (a) The manufacturer shall perform the tests required by the 
applicable test procedures and submit to the Administrator the 
information described in paragraphs (b) through (m) of this section, 
provided, however, that if requested by the manufacturer, the 
Administrator may waive any requirement of this section for testing of a 
vehicle (or engine) for which emission data are available or will be 
made available under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-29.
    (b) Durability data. (1)(i) The manufacturer shall submit exhaust 
emission durability data on such light-duty vehicles tested in 
accordance with applicable test procedures and in such numbers as 
specified, which will show the performance of the systems installed on 
or incorporated in the vehicle for extended mileage, as well as a record 
of all pertinent maintenance performed on the test vehicles.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall submit exhaust emission deterioration 
factors for light-duty trucks and HDEs and all test data that are 
derived from the testing described under Sec. 86.094-21(b)(5)(i)(A), as 
well as a record of all pertinent maintenance. Such testing shall be 
designed and conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to 
assure that the engines covered by a certificate issued under 
Sec. 86.098-30 will meet each emission standard (or family emission 
limit, as appropriate) in Sec. 86.094-9, Sec. 86.098-10, Sec. 86.098-11 
or superseding emissions standards sections as appropriate, in actual 
use for the useful life applicable to that standard.
    (b)(2) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, the 
manufacturer shall submit evaporative emission and/or refueling emission 
deterioration factors for each evaporative/refueling emission family-
emission control system combination and all test data that are derived 
from testing described under Sec. 86.098-21(b)(4)(i) designed and

[[Page 347]]

conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to assure that 
the vehicles covered by a certificate issued under Sec. 86.098-30 will 
meet the evaporative and/or refueling emission standards in Sec. 86.098-
8 or Sec. 86.098-9, as appropriate, for the useful life of the vehicle.
    (3) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled or 
methanol-fueled engines, the manufacturer shall submit evaporative 
emission deterioration factors for each evaporative emission family-
evaporative emission control system combination identified in accordance 
with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(4)(ii). Furthermore, a statement that the test 
procedure(s) used to derive the deterioration factors includes, but need 
not be limited to, a consideration of the ambient effects of ozone and 
temperature fluctuations, and the service accumulation effects of 
vibration, time, and vapor saturation and purge cycling. The 
deterioration factor test procedure shall be designed and conducted in 
accordance with good engineering practice to assure that the vehicles 
covered by a certificate issued under Sec. 86.098-30 will meet the 
evaporative emission standards in Secs. 86.096-10 and 86.098-11 or 
superseding emissions standards sections as applicable in actual use for 
the useful life of the engine. Furthermore, a statement that a 
description of the test procedure, as well as all data, analyses, and 
evaluations, is available to the Administrator upon request.
    (4)(i) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
up to 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled 
engines, the manufacturer shall submit a written statement to the 
Administrator certifying that the manufacturer's vehicles meet the 
standards of Sec. 86.098-10 or Sec. 86.098-11 or superseding emissions 
standards sections as applicable as determined by the provisions of 
Sec. 86.098-28. Furthermore, the manufacturer shall submit a written 
statement to the Administrator that all data, analyses, test procedures, 
evaluations, and other documents, on which the requested statement is 
based, are available to the Administrator upon request.
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of 
greater than 26,000 lbs and equipped with gasoline-fueled or methanol-
fueled engines, the manufacturer shall submit a written statement to the 
Administrator certifying that the manufacturer's evaporative emission 
control systems are designed, using good engineering practice, to meet 
the standards of Sec. 86.096-10 or Sec. 86.098-11 or superseding 
emissions standards sections as applicable as determined by the 
provisions of Sec. 86.098-28. Furthermore, the manufacturer shall submit 
a written statement to the Administrator that all data, analyses, test 
procedures, evaluations, and other documents, on which the requested 
statement is based, are available to the Administrator upon request.
    (b)(4)(iii) For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles certifying 
under the waiver provisions of Sec. 86.098-28, the certifications and 
representations specified in Sec. 86.098-28.
    (c)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (c)(2) Certification engines. (i) The manufacturer shall submit 
emission data on such engines tested in accordance with applicable 
emission test procedures of this subpart and in such numbers as 
specified. These data shall include zero-hour data, if generated, and 
emission data generated for certification as required under Sec. 86.098-
26(c)(4). These data shall also include, where there is a combined 
standard (e.g., NMHC + NOx), emissions data for the 
individual pollutants as well as for the pollutants when combined. In 
lieu of providing emission data on idle CO emissions or particulate 
emissions from methanol-fueled diesel-cycle certification engines, or on 
CO emissions from petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled diesel 
certification engines the Administrator may, on request of the 
manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of 
previous emission tests, development tests, or other information) that 
the engine will conform with the applicable emission standards of 
Sec. 86.094-11 or superseding emissions standards sections as 
applicable. In lieu of providing emission data on smoke emissions from 
methanol-fueled or petroleum-fueled diesel certification engines, the 
Administrator may, on the request of the manufacturer, allow the 
manufacturer

[[Page 348]]

to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, development 
tests, or other information) that the engine will conform with the 
applicable emissions standards of Sec. 86.098-11 or superseding 
emissions standards sections as applicable, except for engines with a 
particulate matter certification level exceeding 0.25 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour. In lieu of providing emissions data on smoke emissions 
from petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled diesel engines when conducting 
Selective Enforcement Audit testing under 40 CFR part 86, subpart K, the 
Administrator may, on separate request of the manufacturer, allow the 
manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, 
development tests, or other information) that the engine will conform 
with the applicable smoke emissions standards of Sec. 86.098-11 or 
superseding emissions standards sections as applicable, except for 
engines with a particulate matter certification level exceeding 0.25 
grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (ii) For heavy-duty diesel engines, a manufacturer may submit hot-
start data only, in accordance with subpart N of this part, when making 
application for certification. However, for confirmatory, Selective 
Enforcement Audit, and recall testing by the Agency, both the cold-start 
and hot-start test data, as specified in subpart N of this part, will be 
included in the official results.
    (d) The manufacturer shall submit a statement that the vehicles (or 
engines) for which certification is requested conform to the 
requirements in Sec. 86.090-5(b), and that the descriptions of tests 
performed to ascertain compliance with the general standards in 
Sec. 86.090-5(b), and that the data derived from such tests, are 
available to the Administrator upon request.
    (e)(1) The manufacturer shall submit a statement that the test 
vehicles (or test engines) for which data are submitted to demonstrate 
compliance with the applicable standards (or family emission limits, as 
appropriate) of this subpart are in all material respects as described 
in the manufacturer's application for certification, that they have been 
tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures utilizing the 
fuels and equipment described in the application for certification, and 
that on the basis of such tests the vehicles (or engines) conform to the 
requirements of this part. If such statements cannot be made with 
respect to any vehicle (or engine) tested, the vehicle (or engine) shall 
be identified, and all pertinent data relating thereto shall be supplied 
to the Administrator. If, on the basis of the data supplied and any 
additional data as required by the Administrator, the Administrator 
determines that the test vehicles (or test engine) were not as described 
in the application for certification or were not tested in accordance 
with the applicable test procedures utilizing the fuels and equipment as 
described in the application for certification, the Administrator may 
make the determination that the vehicle (or engine) does not meet the 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate). The 
provisions of Sec. 86.098-30(b) shall then be followed.
    (2) For evaporative and refueling emission durability, or light-duty 
truck or HDE exhaust emission durability, the manufacturer shall submit 
a statement of compliance with paragraph (b)(1)(ii),(b)(2), (b)(3) or 
(b)(4) of this section, as applicable.
    (3) For certification of vehicles with non-integrated refueling 
systems, a statement that the drivedown used to purge the refueling 
canister was the same as described in the manufacturers' application for 
certification. Furthermore, a description of the procedures used to 
determine the number of equivalent UDDS miles required to purge the 
refueling canisters, as determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.098-
21(b)(5)(v) and subpart B of this part. Furthermore, a written statement 
to the Administrator that all data, analyses, test procedures, 
evaluations and other documents, on which the above statement is based, 
are available to the Administrator upon request.
    (f) through (g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (h) Additionally, manufacturers participating in any of the 
emissions ABT programs under Sec. 86.098-15 or superseding ABT sections 
for HDEs shall submit for each participating family

[[Page 349]]

the items listed in paragraphs (h) (1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Application for certification. (i) The application for 
certification will include a statement that the engines for which 
certification is requested will not, to the best of the manufacturer's 
belief, when included in any of the ABT programs, cause the applicable 
emissions standard(s) to be exceeded.
    (ii) The application for certification will also include 
identification of the section of this subpart under which the family is 
participating in ABT (i.e., Sec. 86.098-15 or superseding ABT sections), 
the type (NOX, NOX+NMHC, or particulate) and the projected 
number of credits generated/needed for this family, the applicable 
averaging set, the projected U.S. (49-state or 50 state, as applicable) 
production volumes, by quarter, NCPs in use on a similar family and the 
values required to calculate credits as given in the applicable ABT 
section. Manufacturers shall also submit how and where credit surpluses 
are to be dispersed and how and through what means credit deficits are 
to be met, as explained in the applicable ABT section. The application 
must project that each engine family will be in compliance with the 
applicable emission standards based on the engine mass emissions and 
credits from averaging, trading and banking.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) End-of-year report. The manufacturer shall submit end-of-year 
reports for each engine family participating in any of the ABT programs, 
as described in paragraphs (h)(3)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) These reports shall be submitted within 90 days of the end of 
the model year to: Director, Engine Programs and Compliance Division 
(6405J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., 
Washington, DC 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the engine family, the averaging 
set, the actual U.S. (49-state or 50-state, as applicable) production 
volume, the values required to calculate credits as given in the 
applicable ABT section, the resulting type and number of credits 
generated/required, and the NCPs in use on a similar NCP family. 
Manufacturers shall also submit how and where credit surpluses were 
dispersed (or are to be banked) and how and through what means credit 
deficits were met. Copies of contracts related to credit trading must 
also be included or supplied by the broker if applicable. The report 
shall also include a calculation of credit balances to show that net 
mass emissions balances are within those allowed by the emission 
standards (equal to or greater than a zero credit balance). Any credit 
discount factor described in the applicable ABT section must be included 
as required.
    (iii) The production counts for end-of-year reports shall be based 
on the location of the first point of retail sale (e.g., customer, 
dealer, secondary manufacturer) by the manufacturer.
    (iv) Errors discovered by EPA or the manufacturer in the end-of-year 
report, including changes in the production counts, may be corrected up 
to 180 days subsequent to submission of the end-of-year report. Errors 
discovered by EPA after 180 days shall be corrected if credits are 
reduced. Errors in the manufacturer's favor will not be corrected if 
discovered after the 180 day correction period allowed.
    (i) Failure by a manufacturer participating in the ABT programs to 
submit any quarterly or end-of-year report (as applicable) in the 
specified time for all vehicles and engines that are part of an 
averaging set is a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)) for each such vehicle and engine.
    (j) Failure by a manufacturer generating credits for deposit only in 
the HDE banking programs to submit their end-of-year reports in the 
applicable specified time period (i.e., 90 days after the end of the 
model year) shall result in the credits not being available for use 
until such reports are received and reviewed by EPA. Use of projected 
credits pending EPA review will not be permitted in these circumstances.
    (k) Engine families certified using NCPs are not required to meet 
the requirements outlined in paragraphs (f) through (j) of this section.
    (l) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-23.
    (m) Additionally, except for small-volume manufacturers, 
manufacturers certifying vehicles shall submit for

[[Page 350]]

each model year 1998 light-duty vehicle, light-duty truck, and gasoline- 
and methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicle evaporative family:
    (1) In the application for certification the projected sales volume 
of evaporative families certifying to the respective evaporative test 
procedure and accompanying standards as set forth or otherwise 
referenced in Secs. 86.090-8, 86.090-9, 86.091-10 and 86.094-11 or as 
set forth or otherwise referenced in Secs. 86.096-8, 86.096-9, 86.096-10 
and 86.098-11 or as set forth or otherwise referenced in superseding 
emissions standards sections. Volume projected to be produced for U.S. 
sale may be used in lieu of projected U.S. sales.
    (2) End-of-year reports for each evaporative family.
    (i) These end-of-year reports shall be submitted within 90 days of 
the end of the model year to: For heavy-duty engines--Director, Engine 
Programs and Compliance Divisions (6403J), For vehicles--Director, 
Vehicle Compliance and Programs Division (6405J), U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460.
    (ii) These reports shall indicate the model year, evaporative family 
and the actual U.S. sales volume. The manufacturer may petition the 
Administrator to allow volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu 
of U.S. sales. Such petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the 
end of the model year to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the 
petition to be granted, the manufacturer must establish to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that production volume is functionally 
equivalent to sales volume.
    (iii) The U.S. sales volume for end-of-year reports shall be based 
on the location of the point of sale to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity that comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (iv) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the end-of-year report 
within the specified time may result in certificate(s) for the 
evaporative family(ies) being voided ab initio plus any applicable civil 
penalties for failure to submit the required information to the Agency.
    (v) The information shall be organized in such a way as to allow the 
Administrator to determine compliance with the Evaporative Emission 
Testing implementation schedules of Secs. 86.096-8, 86.096-9, 86.096-10 
and 86.098-11.

[58 FR 16025, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 34536, June 28, 1993; 
59 FR 16290, Apr. 6, 1994; 62 FR 54717, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.098-24  Test vehicles and engines.

    Section 86.098-24 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.096-24. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.096-24 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-24, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.''
    (a) introductory text through (a)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-24.
    (a)(5) The gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks covered by an application for certification will 
be divided into groupings which are expected to have similar evaporative 
and/or refueling emission characteristics (as applicable) throughout 
their useful life. Each group of vehicles with similar evaporative and/
or refueling emission characteristics shall be defined as a separate 
evaporative/refueling emission family.
    (a)(6) For gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks to be classed in the same evaporative/refueling 
emission family, vehicles must be similar with respect to the items 
listed in paragraphs (a)(6) (i) through (xii) of this section.
    (i) Type of vapor storage device (e.g., canister, air cleaner, 
crankcase).
    (ii) Basic canister design.
    (A) Working capacity--grams adsorption within a 10g. range.
    (B) System configuration--number of canisters and method of 
connection (i.e., series, parallel).
    (C) Canister geometry, construction and materials.
    (iii) Fuel system.
    (iv) Type of refueling emission control system--non-integrated or 
integrated with the evaporative control system. Further, if the system 
is non-integrated, whether or not any other evaporative emissions, e.g. 
diurnal or hot soak emissions, are captured in the

[[Page 351]]

same storage device as the refueling emissions.
    (v) Fillpipe seal mechanism--mechanical, liquid trap, other.
    (vi) Fill limiter system.
    (vii) Vapor control system or method of controlling vapor flow 
through the vapor line to the canister.
    (viii) Vapor/liquid separator usage.
    (ix) Purge system (valve, purge strategy and calibrations).
    (x) Vapor hose diameter and material.
    (xi) Canister location (front, rear, mid-vehicle).
    (xii) Onboard diagnostic hardware and calibrations.
    (a)(7) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into 
evaporative/refueling emission families based on the criteria listed 
above (such as non-canister control system approaches), the 
Administrator will establish families for those vehicles based upon the 
features most related to their evaporative and/or refueling emission 
characteristics.
    (a)(8) through (b)(1)(vi) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-
24.
    (b)(1)(vii)(A) Vehicles of each evaporative/refueling emission 
family will be divided into evaporative/refueling emission control 
systems.
    (B) The Administrator will select the vehicle expected to exhibit 
the highest evaporative and/or refueling emissions, from within each 
evaporative/refueling family to be certified, from among the vehicles 
represented by the exhaust emission-data selections for the engine 
family, unless evaporative and/or refueling testing has already been 
completed on the vehicle expected to exhibit the highest evaporative 
and/or refueling emissions for the evaporative/refueling family as part 
of another engine family's testing.
    (C) If the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) of this section do not represent each evaporative/
refueling emission control system then the Administrator will select the 
highest expected evaporative/refueling emission vehicle from within the 
unrepresented evaporative/refueling system.
    (viii) For high-altitude evaporative and/or refueling emission 
compliance for each evaporative/refueling emission family, the 
manufacturer shall follow one of the following procedures:
    (A) The manufacturer will select for testing under high-altitude 
conditions the one nonexempt vehicle previously selected under paragraph 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) or (b)(1)(vii)(C) of this section which is expected to 
have the highest level of evaporative and/or refueling emissions when 
operated at high altitude; or
    (B) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.
    (b)(ix) through (e)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.
    (f) Carryover and carryacross of durability and emission data. In 
lieu of testing an emission-data or durability vehicle (or engine) 
selected under paragraph (b)(1) (vii) through (viii) of this section and 
Sec. 86.096-24 (b)(1) (i) through (vii) and (b)(2) through (c), and 
submitting data therefor, a manufacturer may, with the prior written 
approval of the Administrator, submit exhaust emission data, evaporative 
emission data and/or refueling emission data, as applicable on a similar 
vehicle (or engine) for which certification has been obtained or for 
which all applicable data required under Sec. 86.098-23 has previously 
been submitted.
    (g) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-24.

[59 FR 16290, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.098-25  Maintenance.

    Section 86.098-25 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-25. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-25 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-25, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-25.''
    (a)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-25.
    (a)(2) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components used to determine exhaust, evaporative or refueling emission 
deterioration factors is classified as either emission- related or non-
emission-related and each of these can be classified as either scheduled 
or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related maintenance is also 
classified as critical emission-related maintenance.

[[Page 352]]

    (b) introductory text through (b)(3)(vi)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.094-25.
    (b)(3)(vi)(E) Evaporative and/or refueling emission canister(s).
    (F) Turbochargers.
    (G) Carburetors.
    (H) Superchargers.
    (I) EGR System including all related filters and control valves.
    (J) Mechanical fillpipe seals.
    (b)(3)(vii) through (b)(6)(i)(E) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-25.
    (b)(6)(i)(F) Evaporative and refueling emission control system 
components (excluding canister air filter).
    (b)(6)(i)(G) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
25.

[59 FR 16291, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.098-26  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.

    Section 86.098-26 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-26, Sec. 86.095-26 or Sec. 86.096-26. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.094-26, Sec. 86.095-26 or Sec. 86.096-26 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-26, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-26.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-26.''.
    (a)(1) and (2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(3) Emission data vehicles. Unless otherwise provided for in 
Sec. 86.098-23(a), emission-data vehicles shall be operated and tested 
as described in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and (ii)(C) of this section and 
Sec. 86.094-26 (a)(3)(ii)(A), (B) and (D).
    (i) Otto-cycle. (A) The manufacturer shall determine, for each 
engine family, the mileage at which the engine-system combination is 
stabilized for emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall maintain, 
and provide to the Administrator if requested, a record of the rationale 
used in making this determination. The manufacturer may elect to 
accumulate 4,000 miles on each test vehicle within an engine family 
without making a determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a 
minimum of 2,000 miles (3,219 kilometers) on each test vehicle within an 
engine family. All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, 
recorded, and reported to the Administrator. Any vehicle used to 
represent emission-data vehicle selections under Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1) 
shall be equipped with an engine and emission control system that has 
accumulated the mileage the manufacturer chose to accumulate on the test 
vehicle. Fuel economy data generated from certification vehicles 
selected in accordance with Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1) with engine-system 
combinations that have accumulated more than 10,000 kilometers (6,200 
miles) shall be factored in accordance with 40 CFR 600.006-87(c). 
Complete exhaust, evaporative and refueling (if required) emission tests 
shall be conducted for each emission-data vehicle selection under 
Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1). The Administrator may determine under Sec. 86.094-
24(f) that no testing is required.
    (B) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.
    (C) Exhaust, evaporative and refueling emissions tests for emission-
data vehicle(s) selected for testing under Sec. 86.096-24(b)(1) (i), 
(ii), (iii) or (iv) or Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1)(vii)(B) shall be conducted 
at the mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at which the engine-system 
combination is stabilized for emission testing under low-altitude 
conditions.
    (a)(3)(i)(D) through (a)(3)(ii)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (a)(3)(ii)(C) Exhaust, evaporative and refueling emissions tests (as 
required) for emission-data vehicle(s) selected for testing under 
Sec. 86.096-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), or Sec. 86.098-24 
(b)(1)(vii)(B) shall be conducted at the mileage (2,000 mile minimum) at 
which the engine-system combination is stabilized for emission testing 
under low-altitude conditions.
    (a)(3)(ii)(D) through (b)(4)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-26.
    (b)(4)(i)(D) through (b)(4)(ii)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-26.
    (b)(4)(iii) [Reserved].
    (b)(4)(iv) through (c)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
26.
    (c)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-26.
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-26.

[59 FR 16291, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995]

[[Page 353]]



Sec. 86.098-28  Compliance with emission standards.

    Section 86.098-28 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-28. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-28 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-28, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.''
    (a)(1) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to light-duty vehicles.
    (2) Each exhaust, evaporative and refueling emission standard (and 
family particulate emission limits, as appropriate) of Sec. 86.098-8 
applies to the emissions of vehicles for the appropriate useful life as 
defined in Secs. 86.098-2 and 86.098-8.
    (3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (4) The procedure for determining compliance of a new motor vehicle 
with exhaust, evaporative and/or refueling emission standards (or family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) is as described in 
paragraphs (a)(4)(i) introductory text, (a)(4)(i)(C), (a)(4)(ii)(B) and 
(C), (a)(4)(iii), (a)(4)(v), (f) and (g) of this section and 
Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(4)(i)(A) and (B), (a)(4)(ii)(A), (a)(4)(iv)) except 
where specified by paragraph (a)(7) of this section for the Production 
AMA Durability Program.
    (i) Separate emission deterioration factors shall be determined from 
the exhaust emission results of the durability-data vehicle(s) for each 
engine-system combination. Separate evaporative and/or refueling 
emission deterioration factors shall be determined for each evaporative/
refueling emission family-emission control system combination from the 
testing conducted by the manufacturer (gasoline-fueled and methanol-
fueled vehicles only). Separate refueling emission deterioration factors 
shall be determined for each evaporative/refueling emission family-
emission control system combination from the testing conducted by the 
manufacturer (petroleum-fueled diesel cycle vehicles not certified under 
the provisions of paragraph (g) of this section only).
    (a)(4)(i)(A) and (a)(4)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(i)(C) Evaporative deterioration factor determination. An 
evaporative emissions deterioration factor (gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled vehicles only) shall be determined from the testing 
conducted as described in Sec. 86.094-21(b)(4)(i)(A), and in accordance 
with paragraphs (a)(4)(i)(C) (1) and (2) of this section, for each 
evaporative/refueling emission family-emission control system 
combination to indicate the evaporative emission level at the applicable 
useful life relative to the evaporative emission level at 4,000 miles as 
follows:
    (1) Factor = Evaporative emission level at the useful life mileage 
for that standard minus the evaporative emission level at 4,000 miles.
    (2) The factor shall be established to a minimum of two places to 
the right of the decimal.
    (D) A refueling emissions deterioration factor (gasoline-fueled, 
methanol-fueled and petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles not certified 
under the provisions of paragraph (g) of this section) shall be 
determined from testing conducted and described in Sec. 86.098-
21(b)(4)(i)(B) for each evaporative/refueling emission family-emission 
control system combinationto indicate the refueling emission level at 
the applicable usefule life relative to the refueling emission level at 
4,000 miles as follows:
    (1) Factor = Refueling emission level at the useful life mileage for 
that standard minus the refueling emission level at 4,000 miles.
    (2) The factor shall be established to a minimum of two places to 
the right of the decimal.
    (a)(4)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(4)(ii)(B) The official evaporative emission test results 
(gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles only) for each evaporative 
emission-data vehicle at the selected test point shall be adjusted by 
addition of the appropriate deterioration factor: Provided, that if a 
deterioration factor as computed in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(C) of this 
section is less than zero, that deterioration factor shall be zero for 
the purposes of this paragraph.
    (C) The official refueling emission test results (gasoline-fueled, 
methanol-fueled, and petroleum-fueled diesel cycle vehicles not 
certified under the

[[Page 354]]

provisions of paragraph (g) of this section) for each refueling 
emission-data vehicle at the selected test point shall be adjusted by 
addition of the appropriate deterioration factor: Provided, that if a 
deterioration factor as computed in paragraph (a)(4)(i)(D) of this 
section is less than zero, that deterioration factor shall be zero for 
purposes of this paragraph.
    (iii) The emissions to compare with the standard (or the family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted 
emissions of paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) (B) and (C) of this section and 
Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(4)(ii)(A) for each emission-data vehicle. Before any 
emission value is compared with the standard (or the family particulate 
emission limit, as appropriate), it shall be rounded, in accordance with 
ASTM E 29-67, (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in Sec. 86.094-
28(a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii)), to two significant figures. The rounded emission 
values may not exceed the standard (or the family particulate emission 
limit, as appropriate).
    (iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (v) Every test vehicle of an evaporative/refueling emission family 
must comply with the evaporative and/or refueling emission standards, as 
determined in paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of this section, before any vehicle 
in that family may be certified.
    (a)(5) through (a)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (a)(7) The procedure to determine the compliance of new motor 
vehicles in the Production AMA Durability Program described in 
Sec. 86.094-13 is the same as described in paragraphs (a)(4)(iii) and 
(v) of this section and Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(4)(iv). For the engine 
families that are included in the Production AMA Durability Program, the 
exhaust emission deterioration factors used to determine compliance 
shall be those that the Administrator has approved under Sec. 86.094-13. 
The evaporative emission deterioration factor for each evaporative /
refueling emission family shall be determined and applied according to 
paragraph (a)(4)(ii)(B) of this section. The refueling emission 
deterioration factor for each evaporative/refueling emission family 
shall be determined and applied according to paragraph (a)(4)(ii)(C) of 
this section. The procedures to determine the minimum exhaust emission 
deterioration factors required under Sec. 86.094-13(d) are as described 
in paragraph (a)(7)(i) of this section and Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(7)(ii).
    (i) Separate deterioration factors shall be determined from the 
exhaust emission results of the durability data vehicles for each 
emission standard applicable under Sec. 86.098-8, for each engine family 
group. The evaporative and/or refueling emission deterioration factors 
for each evaporative/refueling family will be determined and applied in 
accordance with paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
    (a)(7)(ii) through (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-28.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Fuel dispensing spitback testing waiver. (1) Vehicles certified 
to the refueling emission standards set forth in Sec. 86.098-8 are not 
required to demonstrate compliance with the fuel dispensing spitback 
standard contained in that section: Provided, that--
    (i) The manufacturer certifies that the vehicle inherently meets the 
Dispensing Spitback Standard as part of compliance with the refueling 
emission standard; and
    (ii) This certification is provided in writing and applies to the 
full useful life of the vehicle.
    (2) EPA retains the authority to require testing to enforce 
compliance and to prevent non-compliance with the Fuel Dispensing 
Spitback Standard.
    (g) Inherently low refueling emission testing waiver. (1) Vehicles 
using fuels/fuel systems inherently low in refueling emissions are not 
required to conduct testing to demonstrate compliance with the refueling 
emission standards set forth in Sec. 86.098-8: Provided, that--
    (i) This provision is only available for petroleum diesel fuel. It 
is only available if the Reid Vapor Pressure of in-use diesel fuel is 
equal to or less than 1 psi (7 kPa) and for diesel vehicles whose fuel 
tank temperatures do not exceed 130  deg.F (54  deg.C); and
    (ii) To certify using this provision the manufacturer must attest to 
the following evaluation: ``Due to the low

[[Page 355]]

vapor pressure of diesel fuel and the vehicle tank temperatures, 
hydrocarbon vapor concentrations are low and the vehicle meets the 0.20 
grams/gallon refueling emission standard without a control system.''
    (2) The certification required in paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this 
section must be provided in writing and must apply for the full useful 
life of the vehicle.
    (3) EPA reserves the authority to require testing to enforce 
compliance and to prevent noncompliance with the refueling emission 
standard.
    (4) Vehicles certified to the refueling emission standard under this 
provision shall not be counted in the sales percentage compliance 
determinations for the 1988, 1989 and subsequent model years.
    (h) Fixed liquid level gauge waiver. Liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
vehicles which contain fixed liquid level gauges or other gauges or 
valves which can be opened to release fuel or fuel vapor during 
refueling, and which are being tested for refueling emissions, are not 
required to be tested with such gauges or valves open, as outlined in 
Sec. 86.157-98(d)(2), provided the manufacturer can demonstrate, to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator, that such gauges or valves would not 
be opened during refueling in-use due to inaccessibility or other design 
features that would prevent or make it very unlikely that such gauges or 
valves could be opened.

[59 FR 16292, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 48503, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.098-30  Certification.

    Section 86.098-30 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-30, Sec. 86.095-30 or Sec. 86.096-30. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.094-30, Sec. 86.095-30 or Sec. 86.096-30 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.098-30. This may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-30.''.
    (a)(1) and (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(3)(i) One such certificate will be issued for each engine 
family. For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light duty-trucks and petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles 
and light duty-trucks not certified under Sec. 86.098-28(g), one such 
certificate will be issued for each engine family-evaporative/refueling 
emission family combination. Each certificate will certify compliance 
with no more than one set of in-use and certification standards (or 
family emission limits, as appropriate).
    (a)(3)(ii) through (a)(4)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iii) introductory text through (a)(4)(iii)(C) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(4)(iv) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (a)(9) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(10)(i) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicle and diesel-cycle 
light-duty truck families which are included in a particulate averaging 
program, the manufacturer's production-weighted average of the 
particulate emission limits of all engine families in a participating 
class or classes shall not exceed the applicable diesel-cycle 
particulate standard, or the composite particulate standard defined in 
Sec. 86.090-2 as appropriate, at the end of the model year, as 
determined in accordance with this part. The certificate shall be void 
ab initio for those vehicles causing the production-weighted FEL to 
exceed the particulate standard.
    (ii) For all heavy-duty diesel-cycle engines which are included in 
the particulate ABT programs under Secs. 86.094-15, 86.098-15, or 
superseding ABT sections, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(10)(ii) (A) 
through (C) of this section apply.
    (A) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all applicable ABT provisions and the ABT related 
provisions of other applicable sections, both during and after the model 
year production.
    (B) Failure to comply with all applicable ABT provisions will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued, and the certificate may be deemed void ab 
initio.

[[Page 356]]

    (C) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied or excused.
    (11)(i) For light-duty truck families which are included in a 
NOX averaging program, the manufacturer's production-weighted 
average of the NOX emission limits of all such engine 
families shall not exceed the applicable NOX emission 
standard, or the composite NOX emission standard defined in 
Sec. 86.088-2, as appropriate, at the end of the model year, as 
determined in accordance with this part. The certificate shall be void 
ab initio for those vehicles causing the production-weighted FEL to 
exceed the NOX standard.
    (ii) For all HDEs which are included in the NOX or 
NOX plus NMHC ABT programs under Sec. 86.098-15 or 
superseding ABT sections, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(11)(ii) (A) 
through (C) of this section apply.
    (A) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all applicable ABT provisions and the ABT related 
provisions of other applicable sections, both during and after the model 
year production.
    (B) Failure to comply with all applicable ABT provisions will be 
considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued, and the certificate may be deemed void ab 
initio.
    (C) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied or excused.
    (a)(12) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(13) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(14) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(15) through (18) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-30.
    (a)(19) For all light-duty vehicles certified to refueling emission 
standards under Sec. 86.098-8, the provisions of paragraphs (a)(19) (i) 
through (iii) of this section apply.
    (i) All certificates issued are conditional upon the manufacturer 
complying with all provisions of Sec. 86.098-8, both during and after 
model year production.
    (ii) Failure to meet the required implementation schedule sales 
percentages as specified in Sec. 86.094-8 be considered to be a failure 
to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) was issued and 
the vehicles sold in violation of the implementation schedule shall not 
be covered by the certificate.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (b)(1) introductory text through (b)(1)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(1)(i)(C) The emission-data vehicle(s) selected under 
Sec. 86.098-24(b)(1)(vii) (A) and (B) shall represent all vehicles of 
the same evaporative/refueling control system within the evaporative /
refueling family.
    (b)(1)(ii) through (b)(1)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(2) The Administrator will proceed as in paragraph (a) of this 
section with respect to the vehicles (or engines) belonging to an engine 
family or engine family-evaporative/refueling emission family 
combination (as applicable), all of which comply with all applicable 
standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate).
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (b)(4)(ii) Remove the vehicle configuration (or evaporative/
refueling vehicle configuration, as applicable) which failed, from his 
application:
    (b)(4)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(4)(ii)(B) If the failed vehicle was tested for compliance with 
one or more of the exhaust, evaporative and refueling emission 
standards: The Administrator may select, in place of the failed vehicle, 
in accordance with the selection criteria employed in selecting the 
failed vehicle, a new emission data vehicle which will be tested for 
compliance with all of the applicable emission standards. If one vehicle 
cannot be selected in accordance with the selection criteria employed in 
selecting the failed vehicle, then two or more vehicles may be selected 
(e.g., one vehicle to satisfy the exhaust emission vehicle

[[Page 357]]

selection criteria and one vehicle to satisfy the evaporative and 
refueling emission vehicle selection criteria). The vehicle selected to 
satisfy the exhaust emission vehicle selection criteria will be tested 
for compliance with exhaust emission standards (or family emission 
limits, as appropriate) only. The vehicle selected to satisfy the 
evaporative and/or refueling emission vehicle selection criteria will be 
tested for compliance with exhaust, evaporative and/or refueling 
emission standards; or
    (iii) Remove the vehicle configuration (or evaporative/refueling 
vehicle configuration, as applicable) which failed from the application 
and add a vehicle configuration(s) (or evaporative/refueling vehicle 
configuration(s), as applicable) not previously listed. The 
Administrator may require, if applicable, that the failed vehicle be 
modified to the new engine code (or evaporative/refueling emission code, 
as applicable) and demonstrate by testing that it meets applicable 
standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for which it was 
originally tested. In addition, the Administrator may select, in 
accordance with the vehicle selection criteria given in Sec. 86.001-
24(b), a new emission data vehicle or vehicles. The vehicles selected to 
satisfy the exhaust emission vehicle selection criteria will be tested 
for compliance with exhaust emission standards (or family emission 
limits, as appropriate) only. The vehicles selected to satisfy the 
evaporative emission vehicle selection criteria will be tested for 
compliance with all of the applicable emission standards (or family 
emission limits, as appropriate); or
    (iv) Correct a component or system malfunction and show that with a 
correctly functioning system or component the failed vehicle meets 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for 
which it was originally tested. The Administrator may require a new 
emission data vehicle, of identical vehicle configuration (or 
evaporative/refueling vehicle configuration, as applicable) to the 
failed vehicle, to be operated and tested for compliance with the 
applicable standards (or family emission limits, as appropriate) for 
which the failed vehicle was originally tested.
    (b)(5) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (f) introductory text through (f)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (f)(4) The electronic evaporative and/or refueling purge control 
device (if equipped) or any emission-related powertrain component 
connected to a computer is electrically disconnected.

[59 FR 16293, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 54719, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.098-35  Labeling.

    Section 86.098-35 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Secs. 86.095-35 and 86.096-35. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.095-35 or Sec. 86.096-35 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.098-35, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-
35.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-35.''.
    (a) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii)(B) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(1)(iii)(C) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), 
engine family identification and evaporative/refueling family 
identification.
    (a)(1)(iii)(D) through (L) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-
35.
    (a)(1)(iii)(M) For model year 1998 light-duty vehicles, a clear 
indication of which test procedure was used to certify the evaporative/
refueling family, e.g., ``Evaporative /refueling Family xx (Sec. 86.130-
96 procedures)'' or ``Evaporative /refueling Family xx (Sec. 86.130-78 
procedures).''
    (a)(1)(iii)(N) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-35.
    (a)(2) heading through (a)(2)(iii)(K) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(2)(iii)(L) [Reserved]
    (a)(2)(iii)(M) through (a)(2)(iii)(N) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(2)(iii)(O) through (a)(2)(iii)(P) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-35.
    (a)(3) heading through (a)(4)(iii)(F) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-35.
    (a)(4)(iii)(G) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-35.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-35.

[59 FR 16294, Apr. 6, 1994]

[[Page 358]]



Sec. 86.099-1  General applicability.

    Section 86.099-1 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Sec. 86.094-1. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.094-1 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.099-1, this may be 
indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-1.''.
    (a) through (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-1.
    (c) National Low Emission Vehicle Program for light-duty vehicles 
and light light-duty trucks. A manufacturer may elect to certify 1999 
and later model year light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks to 
the provisions of the National Low Emission Vehicle Program contained in 
subpart R of this part. Subpart R of this part is applicable only to 
those manufacturers that opt into the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program, under the provisions of that subpart, and that have not 
exercised a valid opt-out from the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program, which opt-out has gone into effect under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1707. All provisions of this subpart are applicable to vehicles 
certified pursuant to subpart R of this part, except as specifically 
noted in subpart R of this part.
    (d) [Reserved]
    (e) through (f) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-1.

[63 FR 965, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.099-8  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    Section 86.099-8 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.096-8. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.096-8 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.099-8, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.''
    (a)(1) through (a)(1)(ii)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.096-8.
    (iii) CST emissions from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty 
vehicles measured and calculated in accordance with subpart O of this 
part may not exceed the standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) (A) 
and (B) of this section.
    (A) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) Evaporative emissions from light-duty vehicles shall not exceed 
the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification 
and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly 
assembled vehicles. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers may 
conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions for 
an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For the full three-
diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (B) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak emissions (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
(i)(A) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams carbon per 
test.
    (B) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams carbon per 
test.
    (ii) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram carbon per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected 
under the

[[Page 359]]

conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set forth in 
subpart B of this part.
    (4) All fuel vapor generated in a gasoline- or methanol-fueled 
light-duty vehicle during in-use operations shall be routed exclusively 
to the evaporative control system (e.g., either canister or engine 
purge). The only exception to this requirement shall be for emergencies.
    (5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.
    (6) Vehicles certified to the refueling standards set forth in 
paragraph (d) of this section are not required to demonstrate compliance 
with the Fuel Dispensing Spitback standards contained in paragraphs 
(b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(iii) of this section: Provided, that they meet 
the requirements of Sec. 86.098-28(f).
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.
    (d) Refueling emissions from 1999 and later model year gasoline-
fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and methanol-
fueled diesel-cycle light duty vehicles shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles.
    (1) Standards--(i) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled Otto gallon 
(0.053 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (ii) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
0.20 gram per gallon (0.053 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (iii) Hydrocarbons (for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). 
0.15 gram per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (iv) Refueling receptacle (for natural gas-fueled vehicles). 
Refueling receptacles on natural gas-fueled vehicles shall comply with 
the receptacle provisions of the ANSI/AGA NGV1-1994 standard (as 
incorporated by reference in Sec. 86.1).
    (2)(i) The standards set forth in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section refer to a sample of refueling emissions collected under 
the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (ii) For vehicles powered by petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle engines, 
the provisions set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section may be 
waived: Provided, that the manufacturer complies with the provisions of 
Sec. 86.098-28(f) of this subpart.
    (3)(i) A minimum of the percentage shown in table A99-08 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum- and methanol-fueled diesel 
cycle light-duty vehicles shall be tested under the procedures in 
subpart B of this part indicated for 1998 and later model years, and 
shall not exceed the standards described in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section. Vehicles certified in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of 
this section, as determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.098-28(g), 
shall not be counted in the calculation of the percentage of compliance.

 Table A99-08--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicle Refueling
                            Emission Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Sales
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999.......................................................           80
2000 and subsequent........................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedule of table A99-08 of 
this section for model year 1999. For small volume manufacturers, the 
standards of paragraph (d) of this section, and the associated test 
procedures, shall not apply until model year 2000, when 100 percent 
compliance with the standards of this section is required. This 
exemption does not apply to small volume engine families as defined in 
Sec. 86.094-14(b)(5).
    (e) through (f) [Reserved]
    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-8.

[58 FR 16025, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 58421, Nov. 1, 1993; 58 
FR 16294, Apr. 6, 1994; 59 FR 48503, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 43888, Aug. 
23, 1995]



Sec. 86.099-9  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    Section 86.099-9 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.097-9. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.097-9 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.099-9, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance

[[Page 360]]

see Sec. 86.097-9.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of Sec. 86.097-9 is 
not applicable, this is indicated by the statement ``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1) through (a)(1)(iii)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.097-9.
    (iv) CST emissions from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks 
measured and calculated in accordance with subpart O of this part may 
not exceed the standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) (A) and (B) of 
this section.
    (A) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) Evaporative emissions from light-duty trucks shall not exceed 
the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification 
and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly 
assembled vehicles. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers may 
conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions for 
an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For gasoline-fueled 
heavy light-duty trucks with a nominal fuel tank capacity of at least 30 
gallons:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (B) For all other light-duty trucks:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
(i)(A) For heavy light-duty trucks with nominal fuel tank capacity of at 
least 30 gallons:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams carbon per 
test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams carbon per 
test.
    (B) For all other light-duty trucks:
    (1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams carbon per 
test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams carbon per 
test.
    (ii) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram carbon per test.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected 
under the conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set 
forth in subpart B of this part.
    (4) All fuel vapor generated in a gasoline- or methanol-fueled 
light-duty truck during in-use operations shall be routed exclusively to 
the evaporative control system (e.g., either canister or engine purge). 
The only exception to this requirement shall be for emergencies.
    (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.
    (d) through (f) [Reserved].
    (g) through (k) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.097-9.

[58 FR 16025, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 58422, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 
FR 48503, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995]

[[Page 361]]



Sec. 86.099-10  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    Section 86.099-10 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.098-10. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.98-10 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.099-10, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.098-10.''
    (a) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-10.
    (b) Evaporative emissions from heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed 
the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification 
and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly 
assembled vehicles. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers may 
conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions for 
an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Hydrocarbons (for vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled, 
natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines). (i) For 
vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 3.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 
1.0 gram per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled 
vehicles only): 4.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for vehicles equipped with 
methanol-fueled engines). (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight 
Rating of up to 14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams carbon 
per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.5 grams carbon 
per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram carbon per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams carbon 
per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.5 grams carbon 
per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams carbon per mile.
    (3)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of 
this section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions 
collected under the conditions and measured in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in subpart M of this part.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and 
(b)(2)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering 
design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which 
is required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (4) All fuel vapor generated in a gasoline- or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty vehicle during in-use operations shall be routed exclusively 
to the evaporative control system (e.g., either

[[Page 362]]

canister or engine purge). The only exception to this requirement shall 
be for emergencies.
    (c) and (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-10.
    (e) The standards described in this section do not apply to Otto-
cycle medium-duty passenger vehicles (MDPVs) that are subject to 
regulation under subpart S of this part, except as specified in subpart 
S of this part. The standards described in this section also do not 
apply to Otto-cycle engines used in such MDPVs, except as specified in 
subpart S of this part. The term ``medium-duty passenger vehicle'' is 
defined in Sec. 86.1803.

[58 FR 16026, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48503, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995; 65 FR 6848, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.099-11  Emission standards for 1999 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

    (a) Exhaust emissions from new 1999 and later model year diesel 
heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following:
    (1)(i) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either 
petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (ii) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (iii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel 
engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), 
as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (2) Carbon monoxide. (i) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77 
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, 
natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only).
    (3) Oxides of Nitrogen. (i) 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour 
(1.49 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating 
conditions.
    (ii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
HDE families in any or all of the NOX or NOX plus 
NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions described in 
Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If the manufacturer elects to include 
engine families in any of these programs, the NOX FELs may 
not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per 
megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family 
are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs.
    (4) Particulate. (i) For diesel engines to be used in urban buses, 
0.05 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.019 gram per megajoule) for 
certification testing and selective enforcement audit testing, and 0.07 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.026 gram per megajoule) for in-use 
testing, as measured under transient operating conditions.
    (ii) For all other diesel engines only, 0.10 gram per brake 
horsepower-hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient 
operating conditions.
    (iii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel 
HDE families in any or all of the particulate ABT programs for HDEs, 
within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If 
the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these 
programs, the particulate FEL may not exceed:
    (A) For engine families intended for use in urban buses, 0.25 gram 
per brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule);
    (B) For engine families not intended for use in urban buses, 0.60 
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.22 gram per megajoule). This ceiling 
value applies whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, 
trading or banking programs.
    (b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 1999 and later model 
year diesel heavy-duty engine shall not exceed:
    (i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.
    (iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set 
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and

[[Page 363]]

calculated in accordance with those procedures.
    (3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus 
methanol) from heavy-duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel 
engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply 
equally to certification and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also 
applies to newly assembled vehicles.
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
    (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 lbs:
    (A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.5 grams per test.
    (B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
    (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the 
conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set forth in 
subpart M of this part. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers 
may conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions 
for an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a 
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. 
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this 
section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using 
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in 
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (iv) All fuel vapor generated during in-use operations shall be 
routed exclusively to the evaporative control system (e.g., either 
canister or engine purge). The only exception to this requirement shall 
be for emergencies.
    (4) Evaporative emissions from 1999 and later model year heavy-duty 
vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following standards. The 
standards apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles.
    (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 
pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
    (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 
14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
    (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected 
under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in 
accordance with those procedures.
    (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and 
(b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering 
design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which 
is required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
    (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new 1999 or later model year methanol-, natural gas-
, or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated 
diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum-fueled engines only, this 
provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps,

[[Page 364]]

blowers, or superchargers for air induction.
    (d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the 
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in 
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section.

[58 FR 34537, June 28, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48503, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995; 62 FR 54720, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.099-17  Emission control diagnostic system for 1999 and later light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

    (a) All light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks shall be equipped 
with an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system capable of monitoring, for each 
vehicle's useful life, all emission-related powertrain systems or 
components. All systems and components required to be monitored by these 
regulations shall be evaluated periodically, but no less frequently than 
once per Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as defined in Appendix I, 
paragraph (a), of this part, or similar trip as approved by the 
Administrator.
    (b) Malfunction descriptions. The OBD system shall detect and 
identify malfunctions in all monitored emission-related powertrain 
systems or components according to the following malfunction definitions 
as measured and calculated in accordance with test procedures set forth 
in subpart B of this part, excluding those test procedures described in 
Sec. 86.158-00. Paragraph (b)(1) of this section does not apply to 
diesel cycle light-duty vehicles or diesel cycle light-duty trucks, 
except where the catalyst is needed for NMHC control. Paragraphs (b)(2), 
(b)(3), and (b)(4) of this section do not apply to diesel cycle light-
duty vehicles or diesel cycle light-duty trucks.
    (1) Catalyst deterioration or malfunction before it results in an 
increase in NMHC emissions 1.5 times the NMHC standard, as compared to 
the NMHC emission level measured using a representative 4000 mile 
catalyst system.
    (2) Engine misfire resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 
times the applicable standard for NMHC, CO or NOX; and any 
misfire capable of damaging the catalytic converter.
    (3) Oxygen sensor deterioration or malfunction resulting in exhaust 
emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable standard for NMHC, CO or 
NOX.
    (4) Any vapor leak in the evaporative and/or refueling system 
(excluding the tubing and connections between the purge valve and the 
intake manifold) greater than or equal in magnitude to a leak caused by 
a 0.040 inch diameter orifice; any absence of evaporative purge air flow 
from the complete evaporative emission control system. On vehicles with 
fuel tank capacity greater than 25 gallons, the Administrator may, 
following a request from the manufacturer, revise the size of the 
orifice to the smallest orifice feasible, based on test data, if the 
most reliable monitoring method available cannot reliably detect a 
system leak equal to a 0.040 inch diameter orifice.
    (5) Any deterioration or malfunction occurring in a powertrain 
system or component directly intended to control emissions, including 
but not necessarily limited to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) 
system, if equipped, the secondary air system, if equipped, and the fuel 
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 
times the applicable emission standard for NMHC, CO or NOX 
For vehicles equipped with a secondary air system, a functional check, 
as described in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, may satisfy the 
requirements of this paragraph provided the manufacturer can demonstrate 
that deterioration of the flow distribution system is unlikely. This 
demonstration is subject to Administrator approval and, if the 
demonstration and associated functional check are approved, the 
diagnostic system shall indicate a malfunction when some degree of 
secondary airflow is not detectable in the exhaust system during the 
check. For vehicles equipped with positive crankcase ventilation (PCV), 
monitoring of the PCV system is not necessary provided the manufacturer 
can demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that the PCV system 
is unlikely to fail.

[[Page 365]]

    (6) Any other deterioration or malfunction occurring in an 
electronic emission-related powertrain system or component not otherwise 
described above that either provides input to or receives commands from 
the on-board computer and has a measurable impact on emissions; 
monitoring of components required by this paragraph shall be satisfied 
by employing electrical circuit continuity checks and rationality checks 
for computer input components (input values within manufacturer 
specified ranges), and functionality checks for computer output 
components (proper functional response to computer commands) except that 
the Administrator may waive such a rationality or functionality check 
where the manufacturer has demonstrated infeasibility; malfunctions are 
defined as a failure of the system or component to meet the electrical 
circuit continuity checks or the rationality or functionality checks.
    (7) Oxygen sensor or any other component deterioration or 
malfunction which renders that sensor or component incapable of 
performing its function as part of the OBD system shall be detected and 
identified on vehicles so equipped.
    (8) Alternatively, for model years 1999 and 2000, engine families 
may comply with the malfunction descriptions of Sec. 86.098-17(a) and 
(b) in lieu of the malfunction descriptions in paragraphs (a) and (b) of 
this section. This alternative is not applicable after the 2000 model 
year.
    (c) Malfunction indicator light. The OBD system shall incorporate a 
malfunction indicator light (MIL) readily visible to the vehicle 
operator. When illuminated, it shall display ``Check Engine,'' ``Service 
Engine Soon,'' a universally recognizable engine symbol, or a similar 
phrase or symbol approved by the Administrator. A vehicle shall not be 
equipped with more than one general purpose malfunction indicator light 
for emission-related problems; separate specific purpose warning lights 
(e.g. brake system, fasten seat belt, oil pressure, etc.) are permitted. 
The use of red for the OBD-related malfunction indicator light is 
prohibited.
    (d) MIL illumination. The MIL shall illuminate and remain 
illuminated when any of the conditions specified in paragraph (b) of 
this section are detected and verified, or whenever the engine control 
enters a default or secondary mode of operation considered abnormal for 
the given engine operating conditions. The MIL shall blink once per 
second under any period of operation during which engine misfire is 
occurring and catalyst damage is imminent. If such misfire is detected 
again during the following driving cycle (i.e., operation consisting of, 
at a minimum, engine start-up and engine shut-off) or the next driving 
cycle in which similar conditions are encountered, the MIL shall 
maintain a steady illumination when the misfire is not occurring and 
shall remain illuminated until the MIL extinguishing criteria of this 
section are satisfied. The MIL shall also illuminate when the vehicle's 
ignition is in the ``key-on'' position before engine starting or 
cranking and extinguish after engine starting if no malfunction has 
previously been detected. If a fuel system or engine misfire malfunction 
has previously been detected, the MIL may be extinguished if the 
malfunction does not reoccur during three subsequent sequential trips 
during which similar conditions are encountered (engine speed is within 
375 rpm, engine load is within 20 percent, and the engine's warm-up 
status is the same as that under which the malfunction was first 
detected), and no new malfunctions have been detected. If any 
malfunction other than a fuel system or engine misfire malfunction has 
been detected, the MIL may be extinguished if the malfunction does not 
reoccur during three subsequent sequential trips during which the 
monitoring system responsible for illuminating the MIL functions without 
detecting the malfunction, and no new malfunctions have been detected. 
Upon Administrator approval, statistical MIL illumination protocols may 
be employed, provided they result in comparable timeliness in detecting 
a malfunction and evaluating system performance, i.e., three to six 
driving cycles would be considered acceptable.
    (e) Storing of computer codes. The emission control diagnostic 
system shall record and store in computer memory diagnostic trouble 
codes and

[[Page 366]]

diagnostic readiness codes indicating the status of the emission control 
system. These codes shall be available through the standardized data 
link connector per SAE J1979 specifications incorporated by reference in 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (1) A diagnostic trouble code shall be stored for any detected and 
verified malfunction causing MIL illumination. The stored diagnostic 
trouble code shall identify the malfunctioning system or component as 
uniquely as possible. At the manufacturer's discretion, a diagnostic 
trouble code may be stored for conditions not causing MIL illumination. 
Regardless, a separate code should be stored indicating the expected MIL 
illumination status (i.e., MIL commanded ``ON,'' MIL commanded ``OFF'').
    (2) For a single misfiring cylinder, the diagnostic trouble code(s) 
shall uniquely identify the cylinder, unless the manufacturer submits 
data and/or engineering evaluations which adequately demonstrate that 
the misfiring cylinder cannot be reliably identified under certain 
operating conditions. The diagnostic trouble code shall identify 
multiple misfiring cylinder conditions; under multiple misfire 
conditions, the misfiring cylinders need not be uniquely identified if a 
distinct multiple misfire diagnostic trouble code is stored.
    (3) The diagnostic system may erase a diagnostic trouble code if the 
same code is not re-registered in at least 40 engine warm-up cycles, and 
the malfunction indicator light is not illuminated for that code.
    (4) Separate status codes, or readiness codes, shall be stored in 
computer memory to identify correctly functioning emission control 
systems and those emission control systems which require further vehicle 
operation to complete proper diagnostic evaluation. A readiness code 
need not be stored for those monitors that can be considered 
continuously operating monitors (e.g., misfire monitor, fuel system 
monitor, etc.). Readiness codes should never be set to ``not ready'' 
status upon key-on or key-off; intentional setting of readiness codes to 
``not ready'' status via service procedures must apply to all such 
codes, rather than applying to individual codes. Subject to 
Administrator approval, if monitoring is disabled for a multiple number 
of driving cycles (i.e., more than one) due to the continued presence of 
extreme operating conditions (e.g., ambient temperatures below 40 
deg.F, or altitudes above 8000 feet), readiness for the subject 
monitoring system may be set to ``ready'' status without monitoring 
having been completed. Administrator approval shall be based on the 
conditions for monitoring system disablement, and the number of driving 
cycles specified without completion of monitoring before readiness is 
indicated.
    (f) Available diagnostic data. (1) Upon determination of the first 
malfunction of any component or system, ``freeze frame'' engine 
conditions present at the time shall be stored in computer memory. 
Should a subsequent fuel system or misfire malfunction occur, any 
previously stored freeze frame conditions shall be replaced by the fuel 
system or misfire conditions (whichever occurs first). Stored engine 
conditions shall include, but are not limited to: engine speed, open or 
closed loop operation, fuel system commands, coolant temperature, 
calculated load value, fuel pressure, vehicle speed, air flow rate, and 
intake manifold pressure if the information needed to determine these 
conditions is available to the computer. For freeze frame storage, the 
manufacturer shall include the most appropriate set of conditions to 
facilitate effective repairs. If the diagnostic trouble code causing the 
conditions to be stored is erased in accordance with paragraph (d) of 
this section, the stored engine conditions may also be erased.
    (2) The following data in addition to the required freeze frame 
information shall be made available on demand through the serial port on 
the standardized data link connector, if the information is available to 
the on-board computer or can be determined using information available 
to the on-board computer: Diagnostic trouble codes, engine coolant 
temperature, fuel control system status (closed loop, open loop, other), 
fuel trim, ignition timing advance, intake air temperature, manifold air 
pressure, air flow rate, engine RPM, throttle position sensor output

[[Page 367]]

value, secondary air status (upstream, downstream, or atmosphere), 
calculated load value, vehicle speed, and fuel pressure. The signals 
shall be provided in standard units based on SAE specifications 
incorporated by reference in paragraph (h) of this section. Actual 
signals shall be clearly identified separately from default value or 
limp home signals.
    (3) For all emission control systems for which specific on-board 
evaluation tests are conducted (catalyst, oxygen sensor, etc.), the 
results of the most recent test performed by the vehicle, and the limits 
to which the system is compared shall be available through the 
standardized data link connector per SAE J1979 specifications 
incorporated by reference in paragraph (h) of this section.
    (4) Access to the data required to be made available under this 
section shall be unrestricted and shall not require any access codes or 
devices that are only available from the manufacturer.
    (g) The emission control diagnostic system is not required to 
evaluate systems or components during malfunction conditions if such 
evaluation would result in a risk to safety or failure of systems or 
components. Additionally, the diagnostic system is not required to 
evaluate systems or components during operation of a power take-off unit 
such as a dump bed, snow plow blade, or aerial bucket, etc.
    (h) Incorporation by reference materials. The emission control 
diagnostic system shall provide for standardized access and conform with 
the following Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards and/or the 
following International Standards Organization (ISO) standards. The 
following documents are incorporated by reference. This incorporation by 
reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in 
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be 
inspected at Docket No. A-90-35 at EPA's Air docket (LE-131), room 1500 
M, 1st Floor, Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC, or at 
the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 
700, Washington, DC.
    (1) SAE material. Copies of these materials may be obtained from the 
Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
    (i) SAE J1850 July 1995, ``Class B Data Communication Network 
Interface,'' shall be used as the on-board to off-board communications 
protocol. All emission related messages sent to the scan tool over a 
J1850 data link shall use the Cyclic Redundancy Check and the three byte 
header, and shall not use inter-byte separation or checksums.
    (ii) Basic diagnostic data (as specified in Sec. 86.094-17(e) and 
(f)) shall be provided in the format and units in SAE J1979 July 1996, 
E/E Diagnostic Test Modes.
    (iii) Diagnostic trouble codes shall be consistent with SAE J2012 
July 1996, ``Recommended Practices for Diagnostic Trouble Code 
Definitions.''
    (iv) The connection interface between the OBD system and test 
equipment and diagnostic tools shall meet the functional requirements of 
SAE J1962 January 1995, ``Diagnostic Connector.''
    (2) ISO materials. Copies of these materials may be obtained from 
the International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-
1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.
    (i) ISO 9141-2 February 1994, ``Road vehicles--Diagnostic systems--
Part 2: CARB requirements for interchange of digital information,'' may 
be used as an alternative to SAE J1850 as the on-board to off-board 
communications protocol.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (i) Deficiencies and alternate fueled vehicles. Upon application by 
the manufacturer, the Administrator may accept an OBD system as 
compliant even though specific requirements are not fully met. Such 
compliances without meeting specific requirements, or deficiencies, will 
be granted only if compliance would be infeasible or unreasonable 
considering such factors as, but not limited to, technical feasibility 
of the given monitor, lead time and production cycles including phase-in 
or phase-out of engines or vehicle designs and programmed upgrades of 
computers, and if any unmet requirements are not carried over from the 
previous model year except where unreasonable

[[Page 368]]

hardware or software modifications would be necessary to correct the 
non-compliance, and the manufacturer has demonstrated an acceptable 
level of effort toward compliance as determined by the Administrator. 
Furthermore, EPA will not accept any deficiency requests that include 
the complete lack of a major diagnostic monitor (``major'' diagnostic 
monitors being those for the catalyst, oxygen sensor, engine misfire, 
and evaporative leaks), with the possible exception of the special 
provisions for alternate fueled vehicles. For alternate fueled vehicles 
(e.g., natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol), 
beginning with the model year for which alternate fuel emission 
standards are applicable and extending through the 2004 model year, 
manufacturers may request the Administrator to waive specific monitoring 
requirements of this section for which monitoring may not be reliable 
with respect to the use of the alternate fuel. At a minimum, alternate 
fuel vehicles shall be equipped with an OBD system meeting OBD 
requirements to the extent feasible as approved by the Administrator.
    (j) Demonstration of compliance with California OBD II requirements 
(Title 13 California Code Sec. 1968.1), as modified pursuant to 
California Mail Out #97-24 (December 9, 1997), shall satisfy the 
requirements of this section, except that compliance with Title 13 
California Code Secs. 1968.1(b)(4.2.2), pertaining to evaporative leak 
detection, and 1968.1(d), pertaining to tampering protection, are not 
required to satisfy the requirements of this section, and the deficiency 
fine provisions of 1968.1(m)(6.1) and (6.2) shall not apply.

[63 FR 70694, Dec. 22, 1998]



Sec. 86.099-30  Certification.

    This Sec. 86.099-30 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.094-30, Sec. 86.095-30, Sec. 86.096-30, or 
Sec. 86.098-30. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.094-30, Sec. 86.095-30, 
Sec. 86.096-30, or Sec. 86.098-30 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.099-30, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.'' or 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-30.'' or ``[Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.''.
    (a)(1) and (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(3)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (a)(3)(ii) and (a)(4)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-
30.
    (a)(4)(iii) introductory text through (a)(4)(iii)(C) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(4)(iv) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (a)(9) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(10)(i) through (a)(11)(ii)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-30.
    (a)(12) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(13) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.095-30.
    (a)(14) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (a)(15) through (a)(18) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.096-30.
    (a)(19) introductory text through (a)(19)(iii) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(1) introductory text through (b)(1)(i)(B) [Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(1)(i)(C) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(1)(ii) through (b)(1)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(3) through (b)(4)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-
30.
    (b)(4)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(4)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (b)(4)(ii)(B) through (b)(4)(iv) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.098-30.
    (b)(5) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.094-30.
    (f) For engine families required to have an emission control 
diagnostic system (an OBD system), certification will not be granted if, 
for any test vehicle approved by the Administrator in consultation with 
the manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate 
under any of the following circumstances, unless the manufacturer can 
demonstrate that any identified OBD problems discovered

[[Page 369]]

during the Administrator's evaluation will be corrected on production 
vehicles. Only paragraphs (f)(5) and (f)(6) of this section apply to 
diesel cycle vehicles and diesel cycle trucks where such vehicles and 
trucks are so equipped.
    (1) A catalyst is replaced with a deteriorated or defective 
catalyst, or an electronic simulation of such, resulting in an increase 
of 1.5 times the NMHC standard above the NMHC emission level measured 
using a representative 4000 mile catalyst system.
    (2) An engine misfire condition is induced resulting in exhaust 
emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable standards for NMHC, CO or 
NOX.
    (3) Any oxygen sensor is replaced with a deteriorated or defective 
oxygen sensor, or an electronic simulation of such, resulting in exhaust 
emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable standard for NMHC, CO or 
NOX.
    (4) A vapor leak is introduced in the evaporative and/or refueling 
system (excluding the tubing and connections between the purge valve and 
the intake manifold) greater than or equal in magnitude to a leak caused 
by a 0.040 inch diameter orifice, or the evaporative purge air flow is 
blocked or otherwise eliminated from the complete evaporative emission 
control system.
    (5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related 
powertrain system or component, including but not necessarily limited 
to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, the 
secondary air system, if equipped, and the fuel control system, 
singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 times the 
applicable emission standard for NMHC, CO or NOX.
    (6) A malfunction condition is induced in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described above 
that either provides input to or receives commands from the on-board 
computer resulting in a measurable impact on emissions.

[63 FR 70697, Dec. 22, 1998]



Subpart B--Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-
Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; 
                             Test Procedures

    Source: 42 FR 32954, June 28, 1977, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.101  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1977 and later 
model year new light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
    (1) Sections 86.101 through 86.145-78 apply for 1978 and later model 
years.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) Sections 86.150 through 86.157 describe the refueling test 
procedures for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks and apply for 
model years 1998 and later.
    (4) For fuel economy testing according to part 600 of this chapter, 
in the model years of 2000 and 2001 only, manufacturers have the option 
to use the dynamometer provisions of Sec. 86.108-00(b)(1) and 
Sec. 86.129-00 (a), (b), and (c) instead of the provisions of 
Sec. 86.108-00(b)(2) and Sec. 86.129-00 (a), (e), and (f).
    (b) Provisions of this subpart apply to tests performed by both the 
Administrator and motor vehicle manufacturers.
    (c) National Low Emission Vehicle Program for light-duty vehicles 
and light light-duty trucks. A manufacturer may elect to certify 1999 
and later model year light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks to 
the provisions of the National Low Emission Vehicle Program contained in 
subpart R of this part. Subpart R of this part is applicable only to 
those manufacturers that opt into the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program, under the provisions of subpart R of this part, and that have 
not exercised a valid opt-out from the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program, which opt-out has gone into effect under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1707. All provisions of this subpart are applicable to vehicles 
certified pursuant to

[[Page 370]]

subpart R of this part, except as specifically noted in subpart R of 
this part.
    (d) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks under the provisions of subpart S of this 
part.

[42 FR 32954, June 28, 1977, as amended at 59 FR 16295, Apr. 6, 1994; 59 
FR 48504, Sept. 21, 1994; 61 FR 54890, Oct. 22, 1996; 62 FR 31234, June 
6, 1997; 63 FR 965, Jan. 7, 1998; 64 FR 23921, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.102  Definitions.

    The definitions in subpart A apply to this subpart.

[45 FR 14508, Mar. 5, 1980]



Sec. 86.103  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in subpart A apply to this subpart.

[45 FR 14508, Mar. 5, 1980]



Sec. 86.104  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the 
section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first 
model year for which a section is effective. A section remains effective 
until superseded.
    Example Section 86.111-78 applies to the 1978 and subsequent model 
years until superseded. If a Sec. 86.111-81 is promulgated it would take 
effect beginning with the 1981 model year; Sec. 86.111-78 would apply to 
model years 1978 through 1980.
    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model year.
    (c) Unless indicated otherwise, all provisions in this subpart apply 
to petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
and methanol-fueled vehicles.

[42 FR 32954, June 28, 1977. Redesignated at 45 FR 14508, Mar. 5, 1980, 
as amended at 54 FR 14499, Apr. 11, 1989; 59 FR 48504, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.105  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment required and the procedures 
to follow in order to perform gaseous exhaust, particulate, and 
evaporative emission tests on light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. 
Subpart A of this part sets forth testing requirements and test 
intervals necessary to comply with EPA certification procedures. Not all 
emission measurement techniques described in this subpart will be 
necessary for all vehicles. Subpart A of this part defines the 
conditions under which vehicles may be exempted from measuring methane 
and/or waived from measuring particulate matter.
    (b) Three topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.106 
through 86.115 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.116 through 86.126 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures and data requirements are listed in Secs. 86.127 through 
86.157.

[56 FR 25760, June 5, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 16295, Apr. 6, 1994; 59 
FR 48504, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.106-00   Equipment required; overview.

    Section 86.106-00 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.106-96. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.106-96 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.106-00, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.106-96.''
    (a) introductory text through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.106-96.
    (a)(3) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. 
Fuel specifications for exhaust and evaporative emissions testing and 
for mileage accumulation for petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles are specified in Sec. 86.113. Analytical gases are specified in 
Sec. 86.114. The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), US06, 
and SC03 driving schedules, for use in exhaust emission tests, and the 
New York City Cycle (NYCC), for use with the UDDS in running loss tests, 
are specified in Secs. 86.115, 86.130, 86.159, 86.160, and appendix I to 
this part.
    (b) [Reserved]

[61 FR 54890, Oct. 22, 1996]

[[Page 371]]



Sec. 86.106-90  Equipment required; overview.

    (a) This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emissions tests on 
petroleum-fueled, and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks, and for evaporative emission tests on gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. Certain items 
of equipment are not necessary for a particular test, e.g., evaporative 
enclosure when testing diesel vehicles. Alternate sampling systems may 
be used if shown to yield equivalent results, and if approved in advance 
by the Administrator. Equipment required and specifications are as 
follows:
    (1) Evaporative emission tests, gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles. The evaporative emission test is closely related to and 
connected with the exhaust emission test. All vehicles tested for 
evaporative emissions must be tested for exhaust emissions. Further, 
unless the evaporative emission test is waived by the Administrator 
under Sec. 86.090-26, all gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles 
must undergo both tests. (Diesel vehicles are excluded from the 
evaporative emission standard.) Section 86.107 specifies the necessary 
equipment.
    (2) Exhaust emission tests. All vehicles subject to this subpart are 
tested for exhaust emissions. The exhaust from Otto-cycle vehicles is 
tested for gaseous emissions only, using the CVS concept (Sec. 86.109). 
The exhaust from diesel vehicles is tested for both gaseous and 
particulate emissions. Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicle testing also 
utilizes the CVS concept of measuring emissions, but requires that a 
PDP-CVS or CFV with heat exchanger be used, and that it be connected to 
a dilution tunnel in order to sample particulate emissions 
(Sec. 86.110). The exhaust from methanol-fueled diesel vehicles is 
tested for both gaseous and particulate emissions using the CVS concept 
(either PDP CVS or CFV as specified in Sec. 86.109 or PDP-CVS or CFV 
with heat exchanger as specified in Sec. 86.110 may be used) and is 
connected to a dilution tunnel to sample particulate emissions 
(Sec. 86.110) (This equipment may be used with methanol-fueled Otto-
cycle vehicles, however, particulates are not measured). All gasoline-
fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles are either tested for evaporative 
emissions or undergo a diurnal heat build. Petroleum-fueled diesel 
vehicles are excluded from this requirement. Equipment necessary and 
specifications appear in Secs. 86.108 through 86.114.
    (3) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel 
specifications for exhaust and evaporative emissions testing and for 
mileage accumulation for petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles 
are specified in Sec. 86.113. Analytical gases are specified in 
Sec. 86.114. The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) for use 
in petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled exhaust emissions tests is 
specified in Sec. 86.115 and appendix I.
    (b) [Reserved]

[54 FR 14499, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.106-94  Equipment required; overview.

    (a) This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emissions tests on 
petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and 
methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, and for 
evaporative emission tests on gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks. Certain items of equipment are not necessary for 
a particular test, e.g., evaporative enclosure when testing petroleum-
fueled diesel vehicles. Alternate sampling systems may be used if shown 
to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator. Equipment required and specifications are as follows:
    (1) Evaporative emission tests. The evaporative emission test is 
closely related to and connected with the exhaust emission test. All 
vehicles tested for evaporative emissions must be tested for exhaust 
emissions. Further, unless the evaporative emission test is waived by 
the Administrator under Sec. 86.090-26, all vehicles must undergo both 
tests. (Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles are excluded from the 
evaporative emission standard.) Section 86.107 specifies the necessary 
equipment.

[[Page 372]]

    (2) Exhaust emission tests. All vehicles subject to this subpart are 
subject to testing for both gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions 
using the CVS concept (Sec. 86.109), except where exemptions or waivers 
are expressly provided in subpart A of these regulations. Vehicles 
subject to the ``Tier 0'' (i.e., phase-out) standards described under 
subpart A are exempted from testing for methane emissions (except 
natural gas-fueled vehicles). Otto-cycle vehicles subject to the ``Tier 
0'' standards are waived from testing for particulates. For vehicles 
waived from the requirement for measuring particulate emissions, use of 
a dilution tunnel is not required (Sec. 86.109). The CVS must be 
connected to the dilution tunnel if particulate emission sampling is 
required (Sec. 86.110). Petroleum- and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle 
vehicle testing requires that a PDP-CVS or CFV with heat exchanger be 
used. (This equipment may be used with methanol-fueled Otto-cycle 
vehicles; however, particulates need not be measured for vehicles that 
are waived from the requirement). All gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled, 
natural gas-fueled and liquified petroleum gas-fueled vehicles are 
either tested for evaporative emissions or undergo a diurnal heat build. 
Petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles are excluded from this 
requirement. Equipment necessary and specifications appear in 
Secs. 86.108 through 86.114.
    (3) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel 
specifications for exhaust and evaporative emissions testing and for 
mileage accumulation are specified in Sec. 86.113. Analytical gases are 
specified in Sec. 86.114. The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule 
(UDDS) for use in exhaust emissions tests is specified in Sec. 86.115 
and appendix I of this part.
    (b) [Reserved]

[56 FR 25760, June 5, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 48504, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.106-96  Equipment required; overview.

    (a) This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emission tests on 
petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, 
and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, and for 
evaporative emission tests on gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks. Certain items of equipment are not necessary for 
a particular test, e.g., evaporative enclosure when testing petroleum-
fueled diesel vehicles. Alternate equipment, procedures, and calculation 
methods may be used if shown to yield equivalent or superior results, 
and if approved in advance by the Administrator. Equipment required and 
specifications are as follows:
    (1) Evaporative emission tests, gasoline-fueled vehicles. The 
evaporative emission test is closely related to and connected with the 
exhaust emission test. All vehicles tested for evaporative emissions 
must undergo testing according to the test sequences described in 
Sec. 86.130-96; however, the Administrator may omit measurement of 
exhaust emissions to test for evaporative emissions. The Administrator 
may truncate a test after any valid emission measurement without 
affecting the validity of the test. Further, unless the evaporative 
emission test is waived by the Administrator under Sec. 86.090-26 or 
Sec. 86.1810, as applicable, all vehicles must undergo both tests. 
(Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles are excluded from the evaporative 
emission standard.) Section 86.107 specifies the necessary equipment.
    (2) Exhaust emission tests. All vehicles subject to this subpart are 
subject to testing for both gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions 
using the CVS concept (see Sec. 86.109), except where exemptions or 
waivers are expressly provided in subpart A of this part. Vehicles 
subject to the ``Tier 0'' (i.e., phase-out) standards described under 
subpart A of this part are exempted from testing for methane emissions. 
Otto-cycle vehicles subject to the ``Tier 0'' standards are waived from 
testing for particulates. For vehicles waived from the requirement for 
measuring particulate emissions, use of a dilution tunnel is not 
required (see Sec. 86.109). The CVS must be connected to the dilution 
tunnel if particulate emission sampling is required (see Sec. 86.110). 
Petroleum- and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicle testing requires 
that a PDP-CVS or CFV-CVS with heat exchanger be used.

[[Page 373]]

(This equipment may be used with methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles; 
however, particulates need not be measured for vehicles that are waived 
from the requirement). All vehicles equipped with evaporative canisters 
are preconditioned by loading the canisters with hydrocarbon vapors. 
Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles are excluded from this requirement.
    (3) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel 
specifications for exhaust and evaporative emissions testing and for 
mileage accumulation are specified in Sec. 86.113. Analytical gases are 
specified in Sec. 86.114. The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule 
(UDDS) for use in exhaust emissions tests is specified in Sec. 86.115 
and appendix I of this part.
    (b) [Reserved]

[58 FR 16026, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48504, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995; 64 FR 23921, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.107-90  Sampling and analytical system; evaporative emissions.

    (a) Component description (evaporative emissions sampling system). 
The following components will be used in evaporative emissions sampling 
systems for testing under this subpart.
    (1) Evaporative emission measurement enclosure. The enclosure shall 
be readily sealable, rectangular in shape, with space for personnel 
access to all sides of the vehicle. When sealed, the enclosure shall be 
gas tight in accordance with Sec. 86.117. Interior surfaces must be 
impermeable and non-reactive to hydrocarbons and to methanol (if the 
enclosure is used for methanol-fueled vehicles). One surface should be 
of flexible, impermeable and non-reactive material to allow for minor 
volume changes, resulting from temperature changes. Wall design should 
promote maximum dissipation of heat, and if artificial cooling is used, 
interior surface temperatures shall not be less than 68  deg.F (20 
deg.C).
    (2) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol analyzers. (i) For 
gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles a hydrocarbon analyzer utilizing 
the hydrogen flame ionization principle (FID) shall be used to monitor 
the atmosphere within the enclosure (a heated FID 
(HFID)(235 deg.15  deg.F (1138  deg.C)) is 
recommended for methanol-fueled vehicles). Instrument bypass flow may be 
returned to the enclosure. The FID shall have a response time to 90 
percent of final reading of less than 1.5 seconds, and be capable of 
meeting performance requirements expressed as a function of Cstd: where 
Cstd is the specific enclosure hydrocarbon level, in ppm, corresponding 
to the evaporative emission standard:
    (A) Stability of the analyzer shall be better than 0.01 Cstd ppm at 
zero and span over a 15-minute period on all ranges used.
    (B) Repeatability of the analyzer, expressed as one standard 
deviation, shall be better than 0.005 Cstd ppm on all ranges used.
    (ii) For methanol-fueled vehicles, a methanol sampling and analyzing 
system is required in addition to the FID analyzer. The methanol 
sampling equipment shall consist of impingers for collecting the 
methanol sample and appropriate equipment for drawing the sample through 
the impingers. The analytical equipment shall consist of a gas 
chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. (NOTE: For 1990 
through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles, a HFID calibrated on 
methanol may be used in place of the HFID, calibrated on propane plus 
the methanol impingers and associated analytical equipment).
    (iii) The methanol sampling system shall be designed such that, if a 
test vehicle emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol (based on 
all applicable standards) during any phase of the test, the measured 
concentration in the primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a 
concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for the GC 
analyzer, and such that the primary impinger collects at least 90 
percent of the analyte in the samples. The remaining analyte shall be 
collected by the secondary impinger. This requirement does not apply to 
dilution air samples, since they do not require secondary impingers, or 
to samples in which the concentrations approach the limit of detection. 
The provisions of this paragraph apply to the design of sampling 
systems, not to individual tests.

[[Page 374]]

    (3) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol data recording 
system. (i) The electrical output of the FID used for measuring 
hydrocarbons (or hydrocarbons plus methanol as appropriate) shall be 
recorded at least at the initiation and termination of each diurnal or 
hot soak. The recording may be by means of a strip chart potentiometric 
recorder, by use of an on-line computer system or other suitable means. 
In any case, the recording system must have operational characteristics 
(signal to noise ratio, speed of response, etc.) equivalent to or better 
than those of the signal source being recorded, and must provide a 
permanent record of results. The record shall show a positive indication 
of the initiation and completion of each diurnal or hot soak along with 
the time elapsed between initiation and completion of each soak.
    (ii) For the methanol sample, permanent records shall be made of the 
following: the volumes of deionized water introduced into each impinger, 
the rate and time of sample collection, the volumes of each sample 
introduced into the gas chromatograph, the flow rate of carrier gas 
through the column, the column temperature, and the chromatogram of the 
analyzed sample.
    (4) Tank fuel heating system. The tank fuel heating system shall 
consist of a heat source and a temperature controller. A typical heat 
source is a 2000 W heating pad. Other sources may be used as required by 
circumstances. The temperature controller may be manual, such as a 
variable voltage transformer, or may be automated. The heating system 
must not cause hot spots on the tank wetted surface which could cause 
local overheating of the fuel. Heat must not be applied to the vapor in 
the tank above the liquid fuel. The temperature controller must be 
capable of controlling the fuel tank temperature during the diurnal soak 
to within 3  deg.F (1.7  deg.C) of the following 
equation:

    F = To + (0.4)t.


or For SI units:

    C = To + (2/9)t.

Where:
F = Temperature in  deg.F.
C = Temperature in  deg.C.
t = Time since start of test in minutes.
To = initial temperature in  deg.F (or in  deg.C for SI 
          units).

    (5) Temperature recording system. Strip chart recorder(s) or 
automatic data processor shall be used to record enclosure ambient and 
vehicle fuel tank temperature during the evaporative emissions test. The 
temperature recorder or data processor shall record each temperature at 
least once every minute. The recording system shall be capable of 
resolving time to 15s and capable of resolving temperature 
to 0.75  deg.F (0.42  deg.C). The temperature 
recording system (recorder and sensor) shall have an accuracy of 
3  deg.F (1.7  deg.C). The recorder (data 
processor) shall have a time accuracy of 15s and a precision 
of 15s. Two ambient temperature sensors, connected to 
provide one average output, shall be located in the enclosure. These 
sensors shall be located at the approximate vertical centerline of each 
side wall extending 4 inches (nominally) into the enclosure at a height 
of 30.5 ft (0.90.2m). The vehicle fuel tank 
temperature sensor shall be located in the fuel tank so as to measure 
the temperature of the prescribed test fuel at the approximate mid-
volume of the fuel. Manufacturers shall arrange that vehicles furnished 
for testing at Federal certification facilities be equipped with iron-
constantan Type J thermocouples for measurement of fuel tank 
temperature.
    (6) Purge blower. One or more portable or fixed blowers shall be 
used to purge the enclosure. The blowers shall have sufficient flow 
capacity to reduce the enclosure hydrocarbon and/or methanol 
concentration from the test level to the ambient level between tests. 
Actual flow capacity will depend upon the time available between tests.
    (7) Mixing blower. One or more small blowers or fans with a total 
capacity of 200 to 1000 cfm shall be used to mix the contents of the 
enclosure during evaporative emission testing. No portion of the air 
stream shall be directed toward the vehicle. Maintenance of uniform 
concentrations throughout the enclosure is important to the accuracy of 
the test.
    (b) [Reserved]

[54 FR 14499, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995]

[[Page 375]]



Sec. 86.107-96  Sampling and analytical systems; evaporative emissions.

    (a) Testing enclosures--(1) Diurnal emission test. The enclosure 
shall be readily sealable, rectangular in shape, with space for 
personnel access to all sides of the vehicle. When sealed, the enclosure 
shall be gas tight in accordance with Sec. 86.117-96. Interior surfaces 
must be impermeable and nonreactive to hydrocarbons (and to methanol, if 
the enclosure is used for methanol-fueled vehicles). The temperature 
conditioning system shall be capable of controlling the internal 
enclosure air temperature to follow the prescribed temperature versus 
time cycle as specified in Sec. 86.133-96 and appendix II of this part, 
within an instantaneous tolerance of 3.0  deg.F of the 
nominal temperature versus time profile throughout the test, and an 
average tolerance of 2.0  deg.F over the duration of the test (where the 
average is calculated using the absolute value of each measured 
deviation). The control system shall be tuned to provide a smooth 
temperature pattern that has a minimum of overshoot, hunting, and 
instability about the desired long-term ambient temperature profile. 
Interior surface temperatures shall not be less than 40  deg.F at any 
time during the diurnal emission test. To accommodate the volume changes 
due to enclosure temperature changes, either a variable-volume or fixed-
volume enclosure may be used for diurnal emission testing:
    (i) Variable-volume enclosure. The variable-volume enclosure expands 
and contracts in response to the temperature change of the air mass in 
the enclosure. Two potential means of accommodating the internal volume 
changes are movable panel(s), or a bellows design, in which impermeable 
bag(s) inside the enclosure expand and contract in response to internal 
pressure changes by exchanging air from outside the enclosure. Any 
design for volume accommodation must maintain the integrity of the 
enclosure as specified in Sec. 86.117-96 over the specified temperature 
range. Any method of volume accommodation shall limit the differential 
between the enclosure internal pressure and the barometric pressure to a 
maximum value of 2.0 inches of water. The enclosure shall be 
capable of latching to a fixed volume. A variable-volume enclosure must 
be capable of accommodating a 7 percent change from its 
``nominal volume'' (see Sec. 86.117-96(b)), accounting for temperature 
and barometric pressure variation during testing.
    (ii) Fixed-volume enclosure. The fixed-volume enclosure shall be 
constructed with rigid panels that maintain a fixed enclosure volume, 
and meet the following requirements.
    (A) The enclosure shall be equipped with a mechanism to maintain a 
fixed internal air volume. This may be accomplished either by 
withdrawing air at a constant rate and providing makeup air as needed, 
or by reversing the flow of air into and out of the enclosure in 
response to rising or falling temperatures. If inlet air is added 
continuously throughout the test, it should be filtered with activated 
carbon to provide a relatively low and constant hydrocarbon level. Any 
method of volume accommodation shall maintain the differential between 
the enclosure internal pressure and the barometric pressure to a maximum 
value of 2.0 inches of water.
    (B) The equipment shall be capable of measuring the mass of 
hydrocarbon and methanol (if the enclosure is used for methanol-fueled 
vehicles) in the inlet and outlet flow streams with a resolution of 0.01 
gram per hour. A bag sampling system may be used to collect a 
proportional sample of the air withdrawn from and admitted to the 
enclosure. Alternatively, the inlet and outlet flow streams may be 
continuously analyzed using an on-line FID analyzer and integrated with 
the flow measurements to provide a continuous record of the mass 
hydrocarbon and methanol removal.
    (2) Running loss test. The enclosure shall be readily sealable, 
rectangular in shape, with space for personnel access to all sides of 
the vehicle. When sealed, the enclosure shall be gas tight in accordance 
with Sec. 86.117-96. The enclosure may be equipped with a personnel 
door, provided that the enclosure can still meet the requirements of 
Sec. 86.117-96 with the door installed. Interior surfaces must be 
impermeable and nonreactive to hydrocarbons and to methanol (if the 
enclosure is used for

[[Page 376]]

methanol-fueled vehicles). Interior surface temperatures shall not be 
less than 40  deg.F. If a running loss enclosure meets all the 
requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, it may be used as a 
diurnal evaporative emission enclosure. The enclosure must contain a 
dynamometer that meets the requirements of Sec. 86.108. Provisions shall 
be made to remove exhaust gases from the enclosure. During the running 
loss test, ambient temperatures must be maintained at 955 
deg.F (952  deg.F on average). An air or oxygen cylinder 
with an attached self-contained breathing apparatus may be provided for 
the vehicle operator. The air required for vehicle operation shall be 
provided by one of the following methods:
    (i) The running loss enclosure may be equipped to supply air to the 
vehicle, at a temperature of 955  deg.F, from sources 
outside of the running loss enclosure directly into the operating 
engine's air intake system. Supplemental air requirements (e.g., for an 
air pump) shall be supplied by drawing air from the engine intake 
source.
    (ii) If it is shown to yield equivalent or superior results, the 
running loss enclosure may be designed with an air makeup system that 
brings outside air into the enclosure to accommodate the aspiration 
needs of the engine and any auxiliary devices. The makeup air shall be 
monitored to establish the background hydrocarbon levels (or hydrocarbon 
and methanol, levels, if applicable) of the makeup air. A filter may be 
used to provide dry air with a stable concentration of background 
hydrocarbon. The makeup-air vent shall be readily sealable for 
calibration of the enclosure and other purposes. For calculation of 
running loss emissions, it may be assumed that the hydrocarbon and 
methanol concentration in the air consumed by the vehicle is the same as 
that of the rest of the air in the enclosure.
    (3) Hot soak test. The hot soak test may be conducted by holding the 
vehicle in an enclosure that meets the requirements for either diurnal 
emission or running loss tests. The enclosure shall be configured to 
provide an internal enclosure ambient temperature of 9510 
deg.F for the first 5 minutes, and 955  deg.F 
(952  deg.F on average) for the remainder of the hot soak 
test.
    (i) If the hot soak test is conducted in the same enclosure as the 
immediately preceding running loss test, interior surface temperatures 
shall not be below 70  deg.F for the last 55 minutes of the hot soak 
test.
    (ii) If the hot soak test is not conducted in the same enclosure as 
the immediately preceding running loss test, interior surface 
temperatures shall not be below 70  deg.F for the duration of the hot 
soak test.
    (b) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol analyzers. (1) For 
gasoline fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and 
methanol-fueled vehicles a hydrocarbon analyzer utilizing the hydrogen 
flame ionization principle (FID) shall be used to monitor the atmosphere 
within the enclosure (a heated FID (HFID)(235 deg.15  deg.F 
(1138  deg.C)) is recommended for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
For natural gas-fueled vehicles, the FID may be calibrated using 
methane, or if calibrated using propane the FID response to methane 
shall be determined and applied to the FID hydrocarbon reading. Provided 
evaporative emission results are not effected, a probe may be used to 
detect or verify hydrocarbon sources during a running loss test. 
Instrument bypass flow may be returned to the enclosure. The FID shall 
have a response time to 90 percent of final reading of less than 1.5 
seconds.
    (2) For methanol-fueled vehicles, a methanol sampling and analyzing 
system is required in addition to the FID analyzer. The methanol 
sampling equipment shall consist of impingers for collecting the 
methanol sample and appropriate equipment for drawing the sample through 
the impingers. The analytical equipment shall consist of a gas 
chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector.
    (3) The methanol sampling system shall be designed such that, if a 
test vehicle emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol (based on 
all applicable standards) during any phase of the test, the measured 
concentration in the primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a 
concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for the GC 
analyzer, and such that the primary

[[Page 377]]

impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in the samples. The 
remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary impinger. This 
requirement does not apply to dilution air samples, since they do not 
require secondary impingers, or to samples in which the concentrations 
approach the limit of detection. The provisions of this paragraph apply 
to the design of sampling systems, not to individual tests.
    (c) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol data recording 
system. (1) The electrical output of the FID used for measuring 
hydrocarbons (or hydrocarbons plus methanol, as appropriate) shall be 
recorded at least at the initiation and termination of each running loss 
and hot soak test, and at least at the initiation and termination of the 
enclosure sampling period(s) for the diurnal emission test, as described 
in Sec. 86.133. The recording may be taken by means of a strip chart 
potentiometric recorder, by use of an on-line computer system or other 
suitable means. In any case, the recording system must have operational 
characteristics (signal-to-noise ratio, speed of response, etc.) 
equivalent to or better than those of the signal source being recorded, 
and must provide a permanent record of results. The record shall show a 
positive indication of the initiation and completion of each hot soak, 
running loss, or diurnal emission test (including initiation and 
completion of sampling period(s)), along with the time elapsed during 
each soak.
    (2) For the methanol sample, permanent records shall be made of the 
following: the volumes of deionized water introduced into each impinger, 
the rate and time of sample collection, the volumes of each sample 
introduced into the gas chromatograph, the flow rate of carrier gas 
through the column, the column temperature, and the chromatogram of the 
analyzed sample.
    (d) Fuel temperature control system. Fuel temperatures of the test 
vehicle shall be controlled, as specified in Sec. 86.134(g)(1)(xv), with 
the following combination of fans. The control system shall be tuned and 
operated to provide a smooth and continuous fuel temperature profile 
that is representative of the on-road temperature profile. The running 
loss test configuration should be designed to avoid heating or cooling 
the fuel tank's vapor space in a way that would cause vapor temperature 
behavior to be unrepresentative of the vehicle's on-road profile.
    (1) A vehicle cooling fan shall discharge air to the front of the 
vehicle. The fan shall be a road-speed modulated fan that is controlled 
to a discharge velocity that follows the dynamometer roll speed, at 
least up to speeds of 30 mph, throughout the driving cycle. If a warning 
light or gauge indicates that the vehicle's engine coolant has 
overheated, subsequent test runs on the vehicle must include a vehicle 
cooling fan that follows the dynamometer roll speed at all speeds 
throughout the test cycle. The fan may direct airflow to both the 
vehicle radiator air inlet(s) and the vehicle underbody.
    (2) An additional fan may be used to discharge airflow from the 
front of the vehicle directly to the vehicle underbody to control fuel 
temperatures. Such a fan shall provide a total discharge airflow not to 
exceed 8,000 cfm.
    (3) Additional fans may be used to route heating or cooling air 
directly at the bottom of the vehicle's fuel tank. The air supplied to 
the tank shall be between 85 deg. and 160  deg.F, with a total discharge 
airflow not to exceed 4,000 cfm. For exceptional circumstances, 
manufacturers may direct up to 6,000 cfm at the bottom of the fuel tank 
with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (4) Direct fuel heating may be needed for canister preconditioning, 
as specified in Sec. 86.132(j)(2). Also, under exceptional circumstances 
in which airflow alone is insufficient to control fuel temperatures 
during the running loss test, direct fuel tank heating may be used (see 
Sec. 86.134-96(g)(1)(xv)). The heating system must not cause hot spots 
on the tank wetted surface that could cause local overheating of the 
fuel. Heat must not be applied directly to the tank's vapor space, nor 
to the liquid-vapor interface.
    (e) Temperature recording system. A strip chart potentiometric 
recorder, an on-line computer system, or other suitable means shall be 
used to record enclosure ambient temperature during all

[[Page 378]]

evaporative emission test segments, as well as vehicle fuel tank 
temperature during the running loss test. The recording system shall 
record each temperature at least once every minute. The recording system 
shall be capable of resolving time to 15 s and capable of 
resolving temperature to 0.75  deg.F (0.42 
deg.C). The temperature recording system (recorder and sensor) shall 
have an accuracy of 3  deg.F (1.7  deg.C). The 
recorder (data processor) shall have a time accuracy of 15 s 
and a precision of 15 s. Enclosures shall be equipped with 
two ambient temperature sensors, connected to provide one average 
output, located 3 feet above the floor at the approximate mid-length of 
each side wall of the enclosure and within 3 to 12 inches of each side 
wall. For diurnal emission testing, an additional temperature sensor 
shall be located underneath the vehicle to provide a temperature 
measurement representative of the air temperature under the fuel tank. 
For running loss testing, an ambient temperature sensor shall be located 
at the inlet to the fan that provides engine cooling. Manufacturers 
shall arrange that vehicles furnished for testing at federal 
certification facilities be equipped with temperature sensors for 
measurement of fuel tank temperatures. Vehicles shall be equipped with 
two temperature sensors installed to provide an average liquid fuel 
temperature. The temperature sensors shall be placed to measure the 
temperature at the mid-volume of the liquid fuel at a fill level of 40 
percent of nominal tank capacity. An additional temperature sensor may 
be placed to measure vapor temperatures approximately at the mid-volume 
of the vapor space, though measurement of vapor temperatures is optional 
during the running loss test. In-tank temperature sensors are not 
required for the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence specified in 
Sec. 86.130-96.
    (f) Pressure recording system. A strip chart potentiometric 
recorder, an on-line computer system, or other suitable means, shall be 
used to record the enclosure gage pressure for any testing in an 
enclosure, as well as the vehicle's fuel tank pressure during the 
running loss test and the outdoor driving procedure specified in 
Sec. 86.129-94(d). Fuel tank pressure measurement and recording 
equipment are optional during the running loss test. The recording 
system shall record each pressure at least once every minute. The 
recording system shall be capable of resolving time to 15 s 
and capable of resolving pressure to 0.1 inches of water. 
The pressure recording system (recorder and sensor) shall have an 
accuracy of 1.0 inch of water. The recorder (data processor) 
shall have a time accuracy of 15 s and a precision of 
15 s. The pressure transducer shall be installed to measure 
the pressure in the vapor space of the fuel tank.
    (g) Purge blower. One or more portable or fixed blowers shall be 
used to purge the enclosure. The blowers shall have sufficient flow 
capacity to reduce the enclosure hydrocarbon and/or methanol 
concentration from the test level to the ambient level between tests. 
Actual flow capacity will depend upon the time available between tests.
    (h) Mixing blower. Blowers or fans shall be used to mix the 
enclosure contents during evaporative emission testing. The inlets and 
outlets of the air circulation blower(s) shall be configured to provide 
a well dispersed air circulation pattern that produces effective 
internal mixing and avoids significant temperature or hydrocarbon 
stratification. Maintenance of uniform concentrations throughout the 
enclosure is important to the accuracy of testing.
    (1) Diurnal emission test. Blowers or fans shall have a capacity of 
0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of the nominal enclosure volume 
for mixing in the enclosure. Additional fans may be used to maintain a 
minimum wind speed of 5 mph (8 km/h) under the fuel tank of the test 
vehicle.
    (2) Running loss test. Blowers or fans shall have a total capacity 
of at least 1.0 cfm per cubic foot of the nominal enclosure volume.
    (3) Hot soak test. Blowers or fans must have a capacity of 
0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of the nominal enclosure volume. 
Circulated air shall not be aimed directly at the vehicle.
    (i) Point-source running loss measurement facility. Some system 
requirements pertain specifically to running

[[Page 379]]

loss testing by the point-source method, in which emissions from 
potential sources are collected and routed to a sampling system. 
Emissions are sampled with the same equipment and techniques as for 
exhaust emission measurement. The test environment must contain a 
dynamometer that meets the requirements of Sec. 86.108. During the 
running loss test, ambient temperatures must be maintained at 
955  deg.F (952  deg.F on average). An air or 
oxygen cylinder with an attached self-contained breathing apparatus may 
be provided for the vehicle operator.
    (1) The running loss vapor vent collection system shall be 
configured to collect all running loss emissions from each of the 
discrete point sources that function as vehicle fuel system vapor vents, 
and transport the collected vapor emissions to a CFV- or PDP-based 
dilution and measurement system. The collection system shall consist of 
a collector at each vehicle vapor vent, lengths of heated sample line 
connecting each collector to the inlet of the heated sample pump, and 
lengths of heated sample line connecting the outlet of the heated sample 
pump to the inlet of the running loss fuel vapor sampling system. Up to 
3 feet of unheated line connecting each of the vapor collectors to the 
heated sample lines shall be allowed. Each heated sample pump and its 
associated sample lines shall be maintained at a temperature between 175 
 deg.F and 200  deg.F to prevent condensation of fuel vapor in the 
sample lines. The heated sample pump(s) and its associated flow controls 
shall be configured and operated to draw a flow of ambient air into each 
collector at a flow rate of at least 0.67 cfm. The flow controls on each 
heated sampling system shall include an indicating flow meter that 
provides an alarm output to the data recording system if the flow rate 
drops below 0.67 cfm by more than 5 percent. The collector inlet for 
each discrete vapor vent shall be placed in proximity to the vent as 
necessary to capture any fuel vapor emissions without significantly 
affecting flow or pressure of the normal action of the vent. The 
collector inlets shall be designed to interface with the configuration 
and orientation of each specific vapor vent. For vapor vents that 
terminate in a tube or hose barb, a short length of tubing of an inside 
diameter larger throughout its length than the inside diameter of the 
vent outlet may be used to extend the vent into the mouth of the 
collector. For those vapor vent designs that are not compatible with 
such collector configurations, the vehicle manufacturer shall supply a 
collector that is configured to interface with the vapor vent design and 
that terminates in a fitting that is capable of capturing all vapor 
emitted from the vent. The Administrator may test for running losses by 
the point-source method without heating sample lines or pumps.
    (2) The running loss fuel vapor sampling system shall be a CFV- or 
PDP-based dilution and measurement system that further dilutes the 
running loss fuel vapors collected by the vapor vent collection 
system(s) with ambient air, collects continuously proportional samples 
of the diluted running loss vapors and dilution air in sample bags, and 
measures the total dilute flow through the sampling system over each 
test interval. In practice, the system shall be configured and operated 
in a manner that is directly analogous to an exhaust emissions constant 
volume sampling system, except that the input flow to the system is the 
flow from the running loss vapor vent collection system(s) instead of 
vehicle exhaust flow. The system shall be configured and operated to 
meet the following requirements:
    (i) The running loss fuel vapor sampling system shall be designed to 
measure the true mass of fuel vapor emissions collected by the running 
loss vapor vent collection system from the specified fuel vapor vents. 
The total volume of the mixture of running loss emissions and dilution 
air shall be measured and a continuously proportioned sample of volume 
shall be collected for analysis. Mass emissions shall be determined from 
the sample concentration and total flow over the test period.
    (ii) The PDP-CVS shall consist of a dilution air filter and mixing 
assembly, heat exchanger, positive-displacement pump, sampling system, 
and associated

[[Page 380]]

valves, pressure and temperature sensors. The PDP-CVS shall conform to 
the following requirements:
    (A) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the positive-displacement pump, shall be within 10 
deg.F of the designed operating temperature at the start of the test. 
The gas mixture temperature variation from its value at the start of the 
test shall be limited to 10  deg.F during the entire test. 
The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and precision of 
2  deg.F.
    (B) The pressure gauges shall have an accuracy and precision of 
1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (C) The flow capacity of the CVS shall not exceed 350 cfm.
    (D) Sample collection bags for dilution air and running loss fuel 
vapor samples shall be sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow.
    (iii) The CFV sample system shall consist of a dilution air filter 
and mixing assembly, a sampling venturi, a critical flow venturi, a 
sampling system and assorted valves, and pressure and temperature 
sensors. The CFV sample system shall conform to the following 
requirements:
    (A) The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 2  deg.F and a response time of 0.100 seconds 
of 62.5 percent of a temperature change (as measured in hot silicone 
oil).
    (B) The pressure measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (C) The flow capacity of the CVS shall not exceed 350 cfm.
    (D) Sample collection bags for dilution air and running loss fuel 
vapor samples shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample 
flow.
    (3) An on-line computer system or strip-chart recorder shall be used 
to record the following additional parameters during the running loss 
test sequence:
    (i) CFV (if used) inlet temperature and pressure.
    (ii) PDP (if used) inlet temperature, pressure, and differential 
pressure.

[58 FR 16027, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48505, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34335, June 30, 1995; 60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.107-98  Sampling and analytical system.

    Section 86.107-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.107-96. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.107-96 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.107-98, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.107-96.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.107-96 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1) through (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.107-96.
    (a)(4) Refueling emissions test. The requirements detailed in 
Sec. 86.107-90 (a)(1) shall apply. Alternatively, an enclosure meeting 
the specifications detailed in Sec. 86.107-96 (a)(1), (2), or (3) may be 
used if approved in advance by the Administrator. In addition, the 
enclosure shall have one or more access ports leading to flexible, 
automatic sealing boots, in the wall(s) of the enclosure. The function 
of the access port(s) and boots shall be to allow fueling of the test 
vehicle from a fuel nozzle and hose located outside of the enclosure, 
with only the spout of the nozzle passing through the automatic sealing 
opening of the boot during fueling. There shall be no loss in the gas 
tightness of the enclosure at the opening of the boot either when the 
nozzle is inserted or when the nozzle is not inserted.
    (b) through (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.107-96.
    (e) Temperature recording system--(1) For all emission testing. A 
strip chart potentiometric recorder, an on-line computer system, or 
other suitable means shall be used to record enclosure ambient 
temperature during all evaporative emission test segments, as well as 
vehicle fuel tank temperature during the running loss test. The 
recording system shall record each temperature at least once every 
minute. The recording system shall be capable of resolving time to 
15 s and capable of resolving temperature to 
0.75  deg.F (0.42  deg.C). The temperature 
recording system (recorder and sensor) shall have an accuracy of 
3  deg.F (1.7  deg.C). The recorder (data 
processor) shall have a time accuracy of 15 s and a 
precision of 15 s. Enclosures shall be equipped with two

[[Page 381]]

ambient temperature sensors, connected to provide one average output, 
located 3 feet above the floor at the approximate mid-length of each 
side wall of the enclosure and within 3 to 12 inches of each side wall. 
For diurnal emission testing, an additional temperature sensor shall be 
located underneath the vehicle to provide a temperature measurement 
representative of the temperature of the air under the fuel tank. For 
running loss testing, an ambient temperature sensor shall be located at 
the inlet to the fan that provides engine cooling. Manufacturers shall 
arrange that vehicles furnished for testing at federal certification 
facilities be equipped with temperature sensors for measurement of fuel 
tank temperature. Vehicles shall be equipped with 2 temperature sensors 
installed to provide an average liquid fuel temperature. The temperature 
sensors shall be placed to measure the temperature at the mid-volume of 
the liquid fuel at a fill level of 40 percent of nominal tank capacity. 
An additional temperature sensor may be placed to measure vapor 
temperatures approximately at the mid-volume of the vapor space, though 
measurement of vapor temperatures is optional during the running loss 
test. In-tank temperature sensors are not required for the supplemental 
two-diurnal test sequence specified in Sec. 86.130-96 or for the 
refueling test specified in Sec. 86.151-98.
    (2) Refueling emission testing only. In addition to the enclosure 
ambient temperature recording system described in paragraph (e)(1) of 
this section, strip chart recorder(s) or automatic data processor shall 
be used to record vehicle soak area ambient temperature and dispensed 
fuel temperature at the nozzle during the test. The temperature 
recorder(s) or data processor shall record each temperature at least 
once every 20 seconds (the soak area ambient temperature recorder may be 
a continuous recording system). The recording system shall be capable of 
resolving time to 15s and be capable of resolving 
temperature to 0.75  deg.F (0.42  deg.C).
    (f) through (h)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.107-96.
    (h)(4) Refueling emission test. Blowers or fans must have a capacity 
of 0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of the nominal enclosure 
volume. Circulated air shall not be aimed directly at the vehicle.
    (5) Spilled fuel mixing blower; refueling emission test. An 
explosion-proof blower of 100-200 ft3/min (2.8-5.7 
m3/min) capacity is required to enhance mixing of vapors from 
spilled fuel through the enclosure atmosphere during tests. The 
discharge from this blower shall be directed toward the region of the 
enclosure floor where fuel spillage during fueling may occur.
    (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.107-96.
    (j) Refueling equipment. The refueling equipment shall consist of a 
fuel delivery system with temperature control equipment, fuel flow 
safety switch, dispensing pump, hose, nozzle and a meter to measure the 
dispensed fuel volume. The dispensing nozzle shall be a commercial 
model, not equipped with vapor recovery hardware. A fuel recirculation 
system may be utilized to avoid trapping of unheated fuel in the hose. 
The fuel delivery system must be capable of delivering fuel at 
671.5  deg.F (19.40.8  deg.C) and a constant 
flow rate between 4.2 and 9.8 gal/min (15.9 and 37.1 liter/min) with a 
tolerance of 0.3 gal/min (1.1 liter/min) during 
the refueling emissions measurement phase of the test. The accuracy of 
the meter for measuring the dispensed fuel volume shall be 2 
percent at the test flow rate.

[59 FR 16295, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43890, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.108-00  Dynamometer.

    (a) The dynamometer shall simulate the road load force and inertia 
specified for the vehicle being tested, and shall determine the distance 
traveled during each phase of the test procedure.
    (b) Two types of dynamometer roll configurations are currently 
approved by the Administrator:
    (1) A small twin-roll dynamometer that has a nominal roll diameter 
of 8.65 inches and a nominal roll spacing of 17 inches; and
    (2)(i) An electric dynamometer that has a single roll with a nominal 
diameter of 48 inches (1.20 to 1.25 meters).

[[Page 382]]

    (ii)(A) The dynamometer must be capable of dynamically controlling 
inertia load during the US06 test cycle as a function of a vehicle 
throttle position signal if a manufacturer desires using the following 
test option. Any time the duration of throttle operation greater than or 
equal to 85% of wide open throttle (WOT) is greater than or equal to 
eight seconds, the test inertia load may be adjusted during any of five 
EPA specified acceleration events by an amount of load that will 
eliminate additional throttle operation greater than or equal to 85% of 
WOT.
    (B)(1) The specific US06 schedule accelerations time periods where 
inertia load adjustments may be applied are:
    (i) 49 through 69 seconds;
    (ii) 83 through 97 seconds;
    (iii) 135 through 165 seconds;
    (iv) 315 through 335 seconds; and
    (v) 568 through 583 seconds.
    (2) During these five time intervals when inertia load adjustment is 
occurring, inertia load adjustment is discontinued when throttle 
operation is less than 85% of WOT or at the end of the specified time 
interval.
    (C) Each type of generic application for implementing this concept 
must receive the Administrator's approval before a manufacturer may use 
these inertia adjustments for official US06 schedule certification 
tests.
    (c) Other dynamometer configurations may be used for testing if it 
can be demonstrated that the simulated road load power and inertia are 
equivalent, and if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (d) An electric dynamometer meeting the requirements of paragraph 
(b)(2) of this section, or a dynamometer approved as equivalent under 
paragraph (c) of this section, must be used for all types of emission 
testing in the following situations.
    (1)(i) Gasoline vehicles which are part of an engine family which is 
designated to meet the phase-in of SFTP compliance required under the 
implementation schedule of table A00-1 of Sec. 86.000-08, or table A00-
3, or table A00-5 of Sec. 86.000-09.
    (ii) Diesel LDVs and LDT1s which are part of an engine family which 
is designated to meet the phase-in of SFTP compliance required under the 
implementation schedule of table A00-1 of Sec. 86.000-08, or table A00-
3, or table A00-5 of Sec. 86.000-09.
    (2) Starting with the 2002 model year, any light-duty vehicle or 
light light-duty truck which uses any regulated fuel.
    (3) Starting with the 2004 model year, any heavy light-duty truck 
which uses any regulated fuel.

[61 FR 54890, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.108-79  Dynamometer.

    (a) The dynamometer shall have a power absorption unit for 
simulation of road load power and flywheels or other means of simulating 
the inertia weight as specified in Sec. 86.129.
    (b)(1) The dynamometer shall have a roll or shaft revolution counter 
for determination of distance driven.
    (2) In lieu of the requirement in (b) (1) of this section the 
manufacturer shall provide some means, approved in advance by the 
Administrator, for the determination of distance driven.
    (c) Small twin-roll dynamometers shall have a nominal roll diameter 
of 8.65 inches and a nominal roll spacing of 17 inches. Large single-
roll dynamometers shall have a nominal roll diameter of 48 inches. 
Dynamometers with other roll specifications may be used if the total 
simulated road load power can be shown to be equivalent, and if approved 
in advance by the Administrator.

[42 FR 45651, Sept. 12, 1977]



Sec. 86.109-90  Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles.

    (a)(1) General. The exhaust gas sampling system described in this 
paragraph is designed to measure the true mass of gaseous emissions in 
the exhaust of either Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks. In the CVS concept of measuring mass emissions, two conditions 
must be satisfied: the total volume of the mixture of exhaust and 
dilution air must be measured, and a continuously proportioned volume of 
sample must be collected for analysis. Mass emissions are determined 
from the sample concentration and total flow over the test period.
    (2) Vehicle tailpipe to CVS Duct. For methanol-fueled vehicles, 
cooling of

[[Page 383]]

the exhaust gases in the duct connecting the vehicle tailpipe to the CVS 
shall be minimized. This may be accomplished by:
    (i) Using a duct of unrestricted length maintained at 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C), heating 
and possible cooling capabilities are required; or
    (ii) Using a short duct (up to 12 feet long) constructed of smooth 
wall pipe with a minimum of flexible sections, maintained at 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C) prior to 
the test and during the 10 minute hot soak segment and uninsulated 
during the test (insulation may remain in place and/or heating may occur 
during testing provided maximum temperature is not exceeded); or
    (iii) Using smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating.
    (iv) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the vehicle tailpipe exit.
    (3) Positive displacement pump. The Positive Displacement Pump-
Constant Volume Sampler (PDP-CVS), Figure B90-1 satisfies the first 
condition by metering at a constant temperature and pressure through the 
pump. The total volume is measured by counting the revolutions made by 
the calibrated positive displacement pump. The proportional samples for 
the bag sample, and for methanol-fueled vehicles, the methanol sample 
(Figure B90-2) and the formaldehyde sample (Figure B90-3), are achieved 
by sampling at a constant flow rate. For methanol-fueled vehicles, the 
sample lines for the methanol and formaldehyde samples are heated to 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C).
    Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles, 
methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be omitted provided the bag 
sample (hydrocarbons and methanol) is analyzed using a HFID calibrated 
with methanol.

[[Page 384]]

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[[Page 385]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.142


[[Page 386]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.143

    (4) Critical flow venturi. The operation of the Critical Flow 
Venturi--Constant Volume Sampler (CFV-CVS) sample system, Figure B90-4, 
is based upon the principles of fluid dynamics associated with critical 
flow. Proportional sampling throughout temperature excursions is 
maintained by use of small

[[Page 387]]

CFVs in the sample lines (for methanol-fueled vehicles, one line 
supplies sample for the bag sample, another line supplies sample for the 
methanol sample, and a third line supplies sample for the formaldehyde 
sample.) The methanol and formaldehyde sample lines are heated to 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C) with care 
being taken to ensure that the CFVs of the sample probes are not heated 
since heating of the CFVs would cause loss of proportionality. The 
variable mixture flow rate is maintained at sonic velocity, is inversely 
proportional to the square root of the gas temperature, and is computed 
continuously. Since the pressure and temperature are the same at all 
venturi inlets, the sample volume is proportional to the total volume.
    Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles, 
methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be omitted provided the bag 
sample (hydrocarbons and methanol) is analyzed using a HFID calibrated 
with methanol.

[[Page 388]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.144

    (5) Other systems. Other sampling systems may be used if shown to 
yield equivalent results, and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (b) Component description, PDP-CVS. The PDP-CVS, Figure B90-1, 
consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly, heat exchanger, 
positive displacement pump, sampling systems (see Figure B90-2 for 
methanol sampling system and Figure B90-3 for formaldehyde sampling 
system) sampling lines which are heated to 235 deg.15  deg.F 
(113 deg.8  deg.C) in the case of the methanol-fueled 
vehicles (heating of the sample lines may be omitted, provided the 
methanol and formaldehyde sample collection systems are close coupled to

[[Page 389]]

the probes thereby preventing loss of sample due to cooling and 
resulting condensation in the sample lines), and associated valves, 
pressure and temperature sensors. The PDP-CVS shall conform to the 
following requirements:
    (1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the vehicle 
shall remain within 5 inches of water (1.2 kPa) of the 
static pressure variations measured during a dynamometer driving cycle 
with no connection to the tailpipe(s). (Sampling systems capable of 
maintaining the static pressure to within 1 inch of water 
(0.25 kPa) will be used by the Administrator if a written request 
substantiates the need for this closer tolerance.)
    (2) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the positive displacement pump, shall be within 10 
deg.F (5.6  deg.C) of the designed operating temperature at 
the start of the test. The gas mixture temperature variation from its 
value at the start of the test shall be limited to 10  deg.F 
(5.6  deg.C) during the entire test. The temperature 
measuring system shall have an accuracy and precision of 2 
deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (3) The pressure gauges shall have an accuracy and precision of 
1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to eliminate 
water condensation in the system. (300 to 350 cfm (0.142 to 0.165 
m3/s) is sufficient for most petroleum-fueled vehicles. 
Higher flow rates are required for methanol fueled vehicles. Procedures 
for determining CVS flow rates are detailed in``Calculation of Emissions 
and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-83-009.)
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow. A single 
dilution air sample, covering the total test period, may be collected 
for determination of formaldehyde background (methanol-fueled vehicles).
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to 
collect samples of adequate size for analysis without significant impact 
on the volume of dilute exhaust passing through the PDP.
    (c) Component description, CFV-CVS. The CFV-CVS sample system, 
Figure B90-4, consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly, a 
cyclone particulate separator, unheated sampling venturies for the bag 
samples, and for the methanol and formaldehyde samples from methanol-
fueled vehicles, samples lines heated to 235 deg.15  deg.F 
(113 deg.8  deg.C) for the methanol and formaldehyde samples 
from methanol fueled vehicles (heating of the sample lines may be 
omitted provided, the methanol and formaldehyde sample collection 
systems are close coupled to the probes thereby preventing loss of 
sample due to cooling and resulting condensation in the sample lines), a 
critical flow venturi, and assorted valves, and pressure and temperature 
sensors. The CFV sample system shall conform to the following 
requirements:
    (1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the vehicle 
shall remain within 5 inches of water (1.2 kPa) of the 
static pressure variations measured during a dynamometer driving cycle 
with no connection to the tailpipe(s). (Sampling systems capable of 
maintaining the static pressure to within 1 inch of water 
(0.25 kPa) will be used by the Administrator if a written request 
substantiates the need for this closer tolerance.)
    (2) The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C) and a response time of 
0.100 seconds to 62.5 percent of a temperature change (as measured in 
hot silicone oil).
    (3) The pressure measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to virtually 
eliminate water condensation in the system (300 to 350 cfm (0.142 to 
0.165 m3/s) is sufficient for most petroleum-fueled 
vehicles). Higher flow rates are required with methanol-fueled vehicles. 
Procedures for determining CVS flow rates are detailed in``Calculation 
of Emission and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-
83-009.
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow. A single 
dilution air sample covering the total test period may be

[[Page 390]]

collected for determination of formaldehyde background for methanol-
fueled vehicles.
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to 
collect samples of adequate size for analysis without significant impact 
on the volume of dilute exhaust passing through the CFV-CVS.

[54 FR 14500, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.109-94  Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles not requiring particulate emission measurements.

    (a)(1) General. The exhaust gas sampling system described in this 
paragraph is designed to measure the true mass of gaseous emissions in 
the exhaust of either Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles or light-duty 
trucks which are waived from requirements for the measurement of 
particulate emissions. In the CVS concept of measuring mass emissions, 
two conditions must be satisfied: the total volume of the mixture of 
exhaust and dilution air must be measured, and a continuously 
proportioned volume of sample must be collected for analysis. Mass 
emissions are determined from the sample concentration and total flow 
over the test period.
    (2) Vehicle tailpipe to CVS Duct. For methanol-fueled vehicles, 
cooling of the exhaust gases in the duct connecting the vehicle tailpipe 
to the CVS shall be minimized. This may be accomplished by:
    (i) Using a duct of unrestricted length maintained at a temperature 
above the maximum dew point of the exhaust, but below 250  deg.F (121 
deg.C); heating and possibly cooling capabilities are required; or
    (ii) Using a short duct (up to 12 feet long) constructed of smooth 
wall pipe with a minimum of flexible sections, maintained at a 
temperature above the maximum dew point of the exhaust, but below 250 
deg.F (121  deg.C), prior to the test and during the 10 minute hot soak 
segment and uninsulated during the test (insulation may remain in place 
and/or heating may occur during testing provided maximum temperature is 
not exceeded); or
    (iii) Using smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating. A maximum of two short flexible connectors are allowed 
under this option; or
    (iv) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the vehicle tailpipe exit.
    (3) Positive displacement pump. The Positive Displacement Pump-
Constant Volume Sampler (PDP-CVS), Figure B94-1 satisfies the first 
condition by metering at a constant temperature and pressure through the 
pump. The total volume is measured by counting the revolutions made by 
the calibrated positive displacement pump. The proportional samples for 
the bag sample, and for methanol-fueled vehicles, the methanol sample 
(Figure B94-2) and the formaldehyde sample (Figure B94-3), are achieved 
by sampling at a constant flow rate. For methanol-fueled vehicles, the 
sample lines for the methanol and formaldehyde samples are heated to 
prevent condensation. The temperature of the sample lines shall be more 
than 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of the sample, but 
below 250  deg.F (121  deg.C). (Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year 
methanol-fueled vehicles, methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be 
omitted provided the bag sample (hydrocarbons and methanol) is analyzed 
using a HFID calibrated with methanol.)

[[Page 391]]

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[[Page 392]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.146


[[Page 393]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.147

    (4) Critical flow venturi. The operation of the Critical Flow 
Venturi-Constant Volume Sampler (CFV-CVS) sample system, Figure B94-4, 
is based upon the principles of fluid dynamics associated with critical 
flow. Proportional sampling throughout temperature excursions is 
maintained by use of small

[[Page 394]]

CFVs in the sample lines (for methanol-fueled vehicles, one line 
supplies sample for the bag sample, another line supplies sample for the 
methanol sample, and a third line supplies sample for the formaldehyde 
sample.) The methanol and formaldehyde sample lines are heated to 
prevent condensation. The temperature of the sample lines shall be more 
than 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of the sample, but 
below 250  deg.F (121  deg.C). Care should be taken to ensure that the 
CFVs of the sample probes are not heated since heating of the CFVs would 
cause loss of proportionality. The variable mixture flow rate is 
maintained at sonic velocity, is inversely proportional to the square 
root of the gas temperature, and is computed continuously. Since the 
pressure and temperature are the same at all venturi inlets, the sample 
volume is proportional to the total volume. (Note: For 1990 through 1994 
model year methanol-fueled vehicles, methanol and formaldehyde sampling 
may be omitted provided the bag sample (hydrocarbons and methanol) is 
analyzed using a HFID calibrated with methanol.)

[[Page 395]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.148

    (5) Electronic flow control. The Critical Flow Venturi-Electronic 
Flow Control-Constant Volume Sampler (CFV-EFC-CVS) system is identical 
to the CFV-CVS system described in paragraphs (a)(4) and (c) of this 
section, except that it maintains proportional sampling for methanol and 
formaldehyde by measuring the CVS flow rate, and electronically 
controlling sample flow rates. For methanol-fueled vehicles, the samples 
lines for the methanol and formaldehyde samples are heated to prevent 
condensation. The temperature of the sample lines shall be more than 5 
deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew

[[Page 396]]

point of the sample, but below 250  deg.F (121  deg.C).
    (6) Other systems. Other sampling systems may be used if shown to 
yield equivalent or superior results, and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (b) Component description, PDP-CVS. The PDP-CVS, Figure B94-1, 
consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly, heat exchanger, 
positive displacement pump, sampling systems (see Figure B94-2 for 
methanol sampling system and Figure B94-3 for formaldehyde sampling 
system) sampling lines which are heated to a temperature that is more 
than 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of the sample, but 
below 250  deg.F (121  deg.C) in the case of the methanol-fueled 
vehicles (heating of the sample lines may be omitted, provided the 
methanol and formaldehyde sample collection systems are close coupled to 
the probes thereby preventing loss of sample due to cooling and 
resulting condensation in the sample lines), and associated valves, 
pressure and temperature sensors. The PDP-CVS shall conform to the 
following requirements:
    (1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the vehicle 
shall remain within 5 inches of water (1.2 kPa) of the 
static pressure variations measured during a dynamometer driving cycle 
with no connection to the tailpipe(s). (Sampling systems capable of 
maintaining the static pressure to within 1 inch of water 
(0.25 kPa) will be used by the Administrator if a written request 
substantiates the need for this closer tolerance.)
    (2) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the positive displacement pump, shall be within 10 
deg.F (5.6  deg.C) of the designed operating temperature at 
the start of the test. The gas mixture temperature variation from its 
value at the start of the test shall be limited to 10  deg.F 
(5.6  deg.C) during the entire test. The temperature 
measuring system shall have an accuracy and precision of 2 
deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (3) The pressure gauges shall have an accuracy and precision of 
1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to completely 
eliminate water condensation in the dilution and sampling systems. (300 
to 350 cfm (0.142 to 0.165 m3/s) is sufficient for most 
petroleum-fueled vehicles. Higher flow rates are required for methanol-
fueled vehicles and may be required for natural gas-fueled and liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Procedures for determining CVS flow rates 
are detailed in ``Calculation of Emissions and Fuel Economy When Using 
Alternative Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-83-009.) (Copies may be obtained from 
U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161; order 
 PB 84104702.) Dehumidifying the dilution air before 
entering the CVS is allowed. Hearing the dilution air is also allowed, 
provided:
    (i) The air (or air plus exhaust gas) temperature does not exceed 
250  deg.F.
    (ii) Calculation of the CVS flow rate necessary to prevent water 
condensation is based on the lowest temperature encountered in the CVS 
prior to sampling. (It is recommended that the CVS system be insulated 
when heated dilution air is used.)
    (iii) The dilution ratio is sufficiently high to prevent 
condensation in bag samples as they cool to room temperature.
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow. A single 
dilution air sample, covering the total test period, may be collected 
for the determination of methanol and formaldehyde background (methanol-
fueled vehicles).
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to 
collect samples of adequate size for analysis without significant impact 
on the volume of dilute exhaust passing through the PDP. The systems 
shall also comply with the following requirements that apply to the 
design of the systems, not to individual tests.
    (i) The methanol system shall be designed such that, if a test 
vehicle emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol (based on all 
applicable standards) during the first phase of the test, the measured 
concentration in the primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a 
concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for the

[[Page 397]]

GC analyzer. Sampling systems for all phases shall be identical.
    (ii) The formaldehyde system shall be designed such that, if a test 
vehicle emitted formaldehyde at a rate equal to twenty percent of the 
maximum allowable level of NMHCE (i.e., 0.05 g/mi for a 0.25 g/mi NMHCE 
standard), or the maximum formaldehyde level allowed by a specific 
formaldehyde standard, whichever is less, during the first phase of the 
test, the concentration of formaldehyde in the DNPH solution of the 
primary impinger, or solution resulting from the extraction of the DNPH 
cartridge, shall exceed either 2.5 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 
times the limit of detection for the HPLC analyzer. Sampling systems for 
all phases shall be identical.
    (iii) The methanol and formaldehyde impinger systems shall be 
designed such that the primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of 
the analyte in the samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by 
the secondary impinger. This requirement does not apply to dilution air 
samples, since they do not require secondary impingers, or to samples in 
which the concentrations approach the limit of detection.
    (c) Component description, CFV-CVS. The CFV-CVS sample system, 
Figure B94-4, consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly, a 
cyclone particulate separator, unheated sampling venturies for the bag 
samples, and for the methanol and formaldehyde samples from methanol-
fueled vehicles, samples lines heated to a temperature that is more than 
5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of the sample, but below 
250  deg.F (121  deg.C) for the methanol and formaldehyde samples from 
methanol fueled vehicles (heating of the sample lines may be omitted 
provided, the methanol and formaldehyde sample collection systems are 
close coupled to the probes thereby preventing loss of sample due to 
cooling and resulting condensation in the sample lines), a critical flow 
venturi, and assorted valves, and pressure and temperature sensors. The 
CFV sample system shall conform to the following requirements:
    (1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the vehicle 
shall remain within 5 inches of water (1.2 kPa) of the 
static pressure variations measured during a dynamometer driving cycle 
with no connection to the tailpipe(s). (Sampling systems capable of 
maintaining the static pressure to within 1 inch of water 
(0.25 kPa) will be used by the Administrator if a written request 
substantiates the need for this closer tolerance.)
    (2) The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C) and a response time of 
0.100 seconds to 62.5 percent of a temperature change (as measured in 
hot silicone oil).
    (3) The pressure measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to completely 
eliminate water condensation in the dilution and sampling systems. (300 
to 350 cfm (0.142 to 0.165 m3/s) is sufficient for most 
petroleum-fueled vehicles. Higher flow rates are required for methanol-
fueled vehicles and may be required for natural gas-fueled and liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Procedures for determining CVS flow rates 
are detailed in ``Calculation of Emissions and Fuel Economy When Using 
Alternative Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-83-009.) Dehumidifying the dilution air 
before entering the CVS is allowed. Heating the dilution air is also 
allowed, provided:
    (i) The air (or air plus exhaust gas) temperature does not exceed 
250  deg.F (121  deg.C).
    (ii) Calculation of the CVS flow rate necessary to prevent water 
condensation is based on the lowest temperature encountered in the CVS 
prior to sampling. (It is recommended that the CVS system be insulated 
when heated dilution air is used.)
    (iii) The dilution ratio is sufficiently high to prevent 
condensation in bag samples as they cool to room temperature.
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow. A single 
dilution air sample, covering the total test period, may be collected 
for the determination of methanol and formaldehyde background (methanol-
fueled vehicles).
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample

[[Page 398]]

collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to collect 
samples of adequate size for analysis without significant impact on the 
volume of dilute exhaust passing through the CVS. The systems shall also 
comply with the following requirements that apply to the design of the 
systems, not to individual tests.
    (i) The methanol system shall be designed such that, if a test 
vehicle emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol (based on all 
applicable standards) during the first phase of the test, the measured 
concentration in the primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a 
concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for the GC 
analyzer. Sampling systems for all phases shall be identical.
    (ii) The formaldehyde system shall be designed such that, if a test 
vehicle emitted formaldehyde at a rate equal to twenty percent of the 
maximum allowable level of NMHCE (i.e., 0.05 g/mi for a 0.25 g/mi NMHCE 
standard), or the maximum formaldehyde level allowed by a specific 
formaldehyde standard, whichever is less, during the first phase of the 
test, the concentration of formaldehyde in the DNPH solution of the 
primary impinger, or solution resulting from the extraction of the DNPH 
cartridge, shall exceed either 2.5 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 
times the limit of detection for the HPLC analyzer. Sampling systems for 
all phases shall be identical.
    (iii) The methanol and formaldehyde systems shall be designed such 
that the primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in 
the samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary 
impinger. This requirement does not apply to dilution air samples, since 
they do not require secondary impingers, or to samples in which the 
concentrations approach the limit of detection.
    (d) Component description, CFV-EFC-CVS. The CVS sample system is 
identical to the system described in paragraph (c) of this section, plus 
includes a means of electronically measuring the CVS flow rate, and 
electronic mass flow controllers for the methanol and formaldehyde 
sample lines. The EFC sample system shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed in paragraph (c), except that the methanol and 
formaldehyde samples must both be drawn from a static probe. It also 
must comply with the following additional requirements:
    (1) The ratio of the CVS mass flow rate to the sample mass flow rate 
shall not deviate from the design ratio by more than 5 
percent. (The volumetric sample flow rate shall be varied inversely with 
the square root of the bulk stream temperature.)
    (2) Flow meters to totalize sample volumes for methanol and/or 
formaldehyde samples shall meet the accuracy specifications of 
Sec. 86.120. Total sample volumes may be obtained from the flow 
controllers, provided that the controllers meet the accuracy 
specifications of Sec. 86.120.

[56 FR 25760, June 5, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 48505, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34336, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.110-90  Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel vehicles.

    (a) General. The exhaust gas sampling system described in this 
paragraph is designed to measure the true mass of both gaseous and 
particulate emissions in the exhaust of either diesel light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks. This system utilizes the CVS concept 
(described in Sec. 86.109) of measuring mass emissions. The mass of 
gaseous emissions is determined from the sample concentration and total 
flow over the test period. The mass of particulate emissions is 
determined from a proportional mass sample collected on a filter and 
from the total flow over the test period. General requirements are as 
follows:
    (1) This sampling system requires the use of a PDP-CVS or a CFV 
sample system with heat exchanger connected to a dilution tunnel. Figure 
B90-5 is a schematic drawing of the PDP system. Figure B90-6 is a 
schematic drawing of the CFV system (methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles 
may be tested using this test equipment.)

[[Page 399]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.149


[[Page 400]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.150

    (2) Bag, HFID, and particulate sampling capabilities as shown in 
Figure B90-5 (or Figure B90-6) are required to provide both gaseous and 
particulate emissions sampling capabilities from a single system.

[[Page 401]]

    (3) Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles require a heated flame 
ionization detector (HFID) (375 deg.20  deg.F 
(191 deg.11  deg.C)) sample for hydrocarbon analysis. The 
HFID sample must be taken directly from the diluted exhaust stream 
through a heated probe in the dilution tunnel.
    (4) Methanol-fueled vehicles require the use of a heated flame 
ionization detector (HFID) (235 deg.15  deg.F 
(113 deg.8  deg.C)) for hydrocarbon analysis. With an HFID, 
the hydrocarbon analysis can be made on the bag sample and the methanol 
and formaldehyde analyses are performed on the samples collected for 
these purposes (Figures B90-2 and B90-3). NOTE: For 1990 through 1994 
model year methanol-fueled vehicles, methanol and formaldehyde sampling 
may be omitted provided the bag sample is analyzed using a HFID 
calibrated with methanol.
    (5) Methanol-fueled vehicles require either:
    (i) A tailpipe to dilution tunnel duct of unrestricted length 
maintained at 235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8 
deg.C) through heating and cooling as required; or
    (ii) Using short duct (up to 12 feet long) constructed of smooth 
wall pipe with a minimum of flexible sections maintained at 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.  deg.C) prior to the 
test and during breaks in testing (insulation may remain in place and/or 
heating may occur during testing provided maximum temperature is not 
exceeded); or
    (iii) Using a smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating, or
    (iv) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the vehicle tailpipe exit.
    (6) Since various configurations can produce equivalent results, 
exact conformance with these drawings is not required. Additional 
components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps, and switches 
may be used to provide additional information and coordinate the 
functions of the component systems.
    (7) Other sampling systems may be used if shown to yield equivalent 
results and if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (b) Component description--petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles. The 
components necessary for petroleum fueled diesel vehicle exhaust 
sampling shall meet the following requirements:
    (1) The PDP-CVS, Figure B90-5, shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas PDP-CVS (Sec. 86.109(b)), with 
one exception: a flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain 
the diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is 
taken, at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less.
    (2) The CFV sample system, Figure B90-6, shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas CFV sample system 
(Sec. 86.109(c)), with four exceptions:
    (i) A flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain the 
diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is taken, 
at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less.
    (ii) A heat exchanger is required.
    (iii) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the critical flow venturi, shall be within 20 
deg.F (11  deg.C) of the designed operating temperature at the start of 
the test. The gas mixture temperature variation from its value at the 
start of the test shall be limited to 20  deg.F (11  deg.C) 
during the entire test. The temperature measuring system shall have an 
accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (iv) The cyclonic separator is optional.
    (3) The transfer of heat from the vehicle exhaust gas shall be 
minimized between the point where it leaves the vehicle tailpipe(s) and 
the point where it enters the dilution tunnel airstream. To accomplish 
this, a short length (not more than 12 feet (365 cm) if uninsulated, or 
not more than 20 feet (610 cm) if insulated) of smooth stainless steel 
tubing from the tailpipe to the dilution tunnel is required. This tubing 
shall have a maximum inside diameter of 4.0 inches (10.2 cm). Short 
sections of flexible tubing at connection points are allowed.
    (4) The vehicle exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point 
where it is introduced into the dilution tunnel.
    (5) The dilution air shall be between 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 86 
deg.F (30  deg.C) during the test.

[[Page 402]]

    (6) The dilution tunnel shall be:
    (i) Sized to permit development of turbulent flow (Reynold's No. 
>>4000) and complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air between the 
mixing orifice and each of the two sample probes (i.e., the particulate 
probe and the heated HC sample probe). It is recommended that uniform 
mixing be demonstrated by the user.
    (ii) At least 8.0 inches (20.3 cm) in diameter.
    (iii) Constructed of electrically conductive material which does not 
react with the exhaust components.
    (iv) Grounded.
    (7) The temperature of the diluted exhaust stream inside of the 
dilution tunnel shall be sufficient to prevent water condensation. 
However, the sample zone dilute exhaust temperature shall not exceed 125 
 deg.F (52  deg.C) at any time during the test.
    (8) The particulate sample probe shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., near the tunnel centerline, approximately 
10 tunnel diameters downstream from the point where the exhaust enters 
the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the total hydrocarbon 
probe so as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies 
produced by the total hydrocarbon probe.
    (iii) 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (iv) The distance from the sampling tip to the filter holder shall 
be at least 5 probe diameters (for filters located inside of the 
tunnel), but not more than 40.0 inches (102 cm) for filters located 
outside of the dilution tunnel.
    (v) Free from sharp bends.
    (vi) Configured so that a clean particulate filter (including back-
up filter) can be selected simultaneously with the selection of an empty 
gaseous emissions bag.
    (9) The flow rate through the particulate probe shall be maintained 
to a constant value within 5 percent of the set flow rate.
    (10) The particulate sample pump shall be located sufficiently 
distant from the dilution tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature is 
maintained at a constant temperature (5.0  deg.F (2.8 
deg.C)).
    (11) The gas meters or flow instrumentation shall be located 
sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature 
remains constant (5.0  deg.F (2.8  deg.C)).
    (12) The total hydrocarbon probe shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., approximately 10 tunnel diameters 
downstream from the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the particulate probe so 
as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies produced by the 
particulate probe.
    (iii) Heated and insulated over the entire length to maintain a 
375 deg.20  deg.F (191 deg.11  deg.C) wall 
temperature.
    (iv) 0.19 in. (0.48 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (13) It is intended that the total hydrocarbon probe be free from 
cold spots (i.e., free from spots where the probe wall temperature is 
less than 355  deg.F). This will be determined by a temperature sensor 
located on a section of the probe wall outside of the dilution tunnel. 
The temperature sensor shall be insulated from any heating elements on 
the probe. The sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 
2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (14) The dilute exhaust gas flowing in the total hydrocarbon sample 
system shall be:
    (i) At 375  deg.F10  deg.F (191  deg.C6 
deg.C) immediately before the heated filter. This will be determined by 
a temperature sensor located immediately upstream of the filter. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1 
 deg.C).
    (ii) At 375  deg.F10  deg.F (191  deg.C6 
deg.C) immediately before the HFID. This will be determined by a 
temperature sensor located at the exit of the heated sample line. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1 
 deg.C).
    (15) It is intended that the dilute exhaust gas flowing in the total 
hydrocarbon sample system be between 365  deg.F and 385  deg.F (185 
deg.C and 197  deg.C).
    (c) Component description--methanol-fueled diesel vehicles. The 
components necessary for methanol-fueled diesel

[[Page 403]]

vehicle exhaust sampling shall meet the following requirements:
    (1) The PDP-CVS, Figure B90-5 shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas PDP-CVS (Sec. 86.109 (a)(3) and 
(b)), with one exception: a flow rate of sufficient volume is required 
to maintain the diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate 
sample flow is taken, at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less 
and shall prevent the condensation of water vapor in the dilution 
tunnel.
    (2) The CFV sample system, Figure B90-6 shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas CFV sample system (Sec. 86.109 
(a)(4) and (c)), with four exceptions:
    (i) A flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain the 
diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is taken, 
at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less and shall prevent the 
condensation of water vapor in the dilution tunnel.
    (ii) A heat exchanger is required.
    (iii) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the critical flow venturi, shall be within 20 
deg.F (11  deg.C) of the designed operating temperature at the start of 
the test. The gas mixture temperature variation from its value at the 
start of the test shall be limited to 20  deg.F (11  deg.C) 
during the entire test. The temperature measuring system shall have an 
accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (iv) The cyclonic separator is optional.
    (3) Losses of methanol due to condensation of water in the duct 
connecting the vehicle tail pipe to the dilation tunnel must be 
minimized. This may be accomplished by:
    (i) The use of a duct of unrestricted length maintained at 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C) through 
heating and cooling as required, or
    (ii) The use of a short duct (up to 12 feet long) constructed of 
smooth wall pipe with a minimum of flexible sections maintained at 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C) prior to 
the test and during breaks in testing (insulation may remain in place 
and/or heating may occur during testing provided maximum temperature is 
not exceeded); or
    (iii) Using a smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating, or
    (iv) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the vehicle tailpipe exit.
    (4) The vehicle exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point 
where it is introduced into the dilution tunnel.
    (5) The dilution air shall be between 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 86 
deg.F (30  deg.C) during the test.
    (6) The dilution tunnel shall be:
    (i) Sized to permit development of turbulent flow (Reynold's No. 
>>4000) and complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air between the 
mixing orifice and the particulate sample probe. It is recommended that 
uniform mixing be demonstrated by the user.
    (ii) At least 8.0 inches (20.3 cm) in diameter.
    (iii) Constructed of electrically conductive material which does not 
react with the exhaust components.
    (iv) Grounded.
    (7) The temperature of the diluted exhaust stream inside of the 
dilution tunnel shall be sufficient to prevent water condensation. 
However, the sample zone dilute exhaust temperature shall not exceed 125 
 deg.F (52  deg.C) at any time during the test.
    (8) The particulate sample probe shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., near the tunnel centerline, approximately 
10 tunnel diameters downstream from the point where the exhaust enters 
the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the total hydrocarbon 
probe so as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies 
produced by the total hydrocarbon probe.
    (iii) 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (iv) The distance from the sampling tip to the filter holder shall 
be at least 5 probe diameters (for filters located inside of the 
tunnel), but not more than 40.0 inches (102 cm) for filters located 
outside of the dilution tunnel.
    (v) Free from sharp bends.
    (vi) Configured so that a clean particulate filter (including back 
up filter)

[[Page 404]]

can be selected simultaneously with the selection of an empty gaseous 
emissions bag.
    (9) The flow rate through the particulate probe shall be maintained 
to a constant value within 5 percent of the set flow rate.
    (10) The particulate sample pump shall be located sufficiently 
distant from the dilution tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature is 
maintained at a constant temperature (5.0  deg.F (2.8 
deg.C)).
    (11) The gas meters or flow instrumentation shall be located 
sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature 
remains constant (5.0  deg.F (2.8  deg.C)).
    (12) The hydrocarbon probe shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., approximately 10 tunnel diameters 
downstream from the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the particulate probe so 
as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies produced by the 
particulate probe.
    (iii) Heated and insulated over the entire length to maintain a 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C) wall 
temperature.
    (iv) 0.19in. (0.48 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (13) It is intended that the total hydrocarbon probe be free from 
cold spots (i.e., free from cold spots where the probe wall temperature 
is less than 220  deg.F.) This will be determined by a temperature 
sensor located on a section of the probe wall outside of the dilution 
tunnel. The temperature sensor shall be insulated from any heating 
elements on the probe. The sensor shall have an accuracy and precision 
of 2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (14) The dilute exhaust gas flowing in the hydrocarbon sample system 
shall be:
    (i) At 235  deg.F15  deg.F (113  deg.C8 
deg.C) immediately before the heated filter. This will be determined by 
a temperature sensor located immediately upstream of the filter. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1 
 deg.C).
    (ii) At 235  deg.F15  deg.F (113  deg.C 8 
deg.C) immediately before the HFID. This will be determined by a 
temperature sensor located at the exit of the heated sample line. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1 
 deg.C).
    (15) It is intended that the dilute exhaust gas flowing in the 
hydrocarbon sample system be between 220  deg.F and 250  deg.F (105 
deg.C and 121  deg.C).
    (16) For methanol-fueled vehicles, bag sampling procedures for the 
measurement of hydrocarbons as described in Sec. 86.109 may be employed.
    (d) Filters, particulate sampling. (1) Filter acceptance criteria. 
Valid diesel particulate net filter weights shall be accepted according 
to the following criteria:
    (i) During each phase of the UDDS, dilute exhaust will be 
simultaneously sampled by paired primary test and back-up test filters.
    (ii) The back-up filter holder shall be located 3 to 4 inches 
downstream of the primary filter holder.
    (iii) The net weight of particulate material collected on each 
primary test filter and each back-up test filter shall be determined by 
the procedure outlined in Sec. 86.139.
    (iv) A ratio of net weights will be determined by the following 
formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.013

    (v) If the ratio is greater than 0.95, then particulate emissions 
calculations are based on the net weight of the primary filter only.
    (vi) If the ratio is less than 0.95, then particulate emissions 
calculations are based on the combined net weights of the back-up test 
filter and the primary test filter.
    (2) The particulate filter must have a minimum 47 mm diameter (37 mm 
stain area). Larger diameter filters are

[[Page 405]]

also acceptable. (Larger diameter filters may be desirable in order to 
reduce the pressure drop across the filter when testing vehicles which 
produce large amounts of particulate.)
    (3) The recommended minimum loading on the primary 47 mm filter is 
0.5 milligrams. Equivalent loadings (i.e., mass/stain area) are 
recommended for larger filters.
    (4) Fluorocarbon coated glass fiber filters or fluorocarbon-based 
(membrane) filters are required for particulate collection.

[54 FR 14507, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.110-94  Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel-cycle vehicles, and Otto-cycle vehicles requiring particulate emissions measurements.

    Section 86.110-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.110-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.110-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.110-94, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.110-90.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.110-90 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) General. The exhaust gas sampling system described in this 
paragraph is designed to measure the true mass of both gaseous and 
particulate emissions in the exhaust of either diesel-cycle or Otto-
cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. This system utilizes 
the CVS concept (described in Sec. 86.109) of measuring mass emissions. 
The mass of gaseous emissions is determined from the sample 
concentration and total flow over the test period. The mass of 
particulate emissions is determined from a proportional mass sample 
collected on a filter and from the total flow over the test period. 
General requirements are as follows:
    (1) This sampling system requires the use of a PDP-CVS, CFV-CVS (or 
a CFV-EFC-CVS), sample system with heat exchanger connected to a 
dilution tunnel. The heat exchanger is not required for the CFV-CVS or 
EFC-CFV-CVS if electronic flow controllers are used to maintain 
proportionality for the particulate sample. Figure B94-5 is a schematic 
drawing of the PDP system. Figure B94-6 is a schematic drawing of the 
CFV-CVS system. (Methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles may be tested using 
this test equipment, without measuring particulate emissions.)

[[Page 406]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.151


[[Page 407]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.152

    (2) Bag, continuous HFID (required for petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle 
and optional for methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles), and particulate sampling 
capabilities as shown in Figure B94-5 (or Figure B94-6) are required to 
provide both gaseous and particulate emissions sampling capabilities 
from a single system.
    (3) Petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles require a heated flame 
ionization detector (HFID) (375  deg.20  deg.F (191 
deg.11  deg.C)) sample for total hydrocarbon (THC) analysis. 
The HFID sample must

[[Page 408]]

be taken directly from the diluted exhaust stream through a heated probe 
in the dilution tunnel.
    (4) Methanol-fueled vehicles require the use of a heated flame 
ionization detector (HFID) (235  deg.15  deg.F (113 
deg.8  deg.C)) for hydrocarbon analysis. With an HFID, the 
hydrocarbon analysis can be made on the bag sample and the methanol and 
formaldehyde analyses are performed on the samples collected for these 
purposes (Figures B94-2 and B94-3).
    Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles, 
methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be omitted provided the bag 
sample is analyzed using a HFID calibrated with methanol.
    (5) For methanol-fueled vehicles, the vehicle tailpipe-to-dilution 
tunnel connection shall be made by:
    (i) A tailpipe to dilution tunnel duct of unrestricted length 
maintained at a temperature above the dew point of the mixture, but 
below 250  deg.F (121  deg.C) through heating and cooling as required; 
or
    (ii) Using a short duct (up to 12 feet long) constructed of smooth 
wall pipe with a minimum of flexible sections maintained at a 
temperature above the dew point of the mixture, but below 250  deg.F 
(121  deg.C) prior to the test and during breaks in testing (insulation 
may remain in place and or heating may occur during the testing provided 
the maximum temperature is not exceeded); or
    (iii) Using smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating. A maximum of two short flexible connectors are allowed 
under this option; or
    (iv) By omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the vehicle tailpipe exit.
    (6) For natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel 
vehicles either a heated flame ionization detector (HFID) 
[375 deg.20  deg.F (191 deg.11  deg.C)] or a 
non-heated flame ionization detector may be used for hydrocarbon 
analysis.
    (7) Since various configurations can produce equivalent results, 
exact conformance with these drawings is not required. Additional 
components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps, and switches 
may be used to provide additional information and coordinate the 
functions of the component systems.
    (8) Other sampling systems may be used if shown to yield equivalent 
or superior results and if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (b) Component description--petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. The components necessary for 
petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
vehicle exhaust sampling shall meet the following requirements:
    (1) The PDP-CVS, Figure B94-5, shall contain a proportional 
particulate sampling system, and shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas PDP-CVS (Sec. 86.109(b)), with 
one exception: a flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain 
the diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is 
taken, at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less.
    (2) The CFV sample system, Figure B94-6, shall contain a 
proportional particulate sampling system, and shall conform to all of 
the requirements listed for the exhaust gas CFV sample system 
(Sec. 86.109(c)), except for the following:
    (i) A flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain the 
diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is taken, 
at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less.
    (ii) If a constant volume particulate sample is collected, a heat 
exchanger is required.
    (iii) If a heat exchanger is used, the gas mixture temperature, 
measured at a point immediately ahead of the critical flow venturi, 
shall be within  20  deg.F (11  deg.C) of the designed 
operating temperature at the start of the test. The gas mixture 
temperature variation from its value at the start of the test shall be 
limited to  20  deg.F (11  deg.C) during the entire test. 
The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and precision of 
 2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (iv) The cyclonic separator is optional.
    (3) For gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum 
gas-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled, natural gas- fueled and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, the transfer of 
heat from the vehicle

[[Page 409]]

exhaust gas shall be minimized between the point where it leaves the 
vehicle tailpipe(s) and the point where it enters the dilution tunnel 
airstream. To accomplish this, a short length (not more than 12 feet 
(365 cm) if uninsulated, or not more than 20 feet (610 cm) if insulated) 
of smooth stainless steel tubing from the tailpipe to the dilution 
tunnel is required. This tubing shall have a maximum inside diameter of 
4.0 inches (10.2 cm). Short sections of flexible tubing at connection 
points are allowed.
    (4) The vehicle exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point 
where it is introduced into the dilution tunnel.
    (5) The dilution air shall be between 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 86 
deg.F (30  deg.C) during the test.
    (6) The dilution tunnel shall be:
    (i) Sized to permit development of turbulent flow (Reynold's No. 
<<4000) and complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air between the 
mixing orifice and each of the two sample probes (i.e., the particulate 
probe and the heated THC sample probe). It is recommended that uniform 
mixing be demonstrated by the user.
    (ii) At least 8.0 inches (20.3 cm) in diameter.
    (iii) Constructed of electrically conductive material which does not 
react with the exhaust components.
    (iv) Grounded.
    (7) The temperature of the diluted exhaust stream inside of the 
dilution tunnel shall be sufficient to prevent water condensation. 
However, the sample zone dilute exhaust temperature shall not exceed 125 
 deg.F (52  deg.C) at any time during the test.
    (8) The particulate sample probe shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., near the tunnel centerline, approximately 
10 tunnel diameters downstream from the point where the exhaust enters 
the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the THC probe (when the 
THC probe is required) so as to be free from the influence of any wakes 
or eddies produced by the THC probe.
    (iii) 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (iv) The distance from the sampling tip to the filter holder shall 
be at least 5 probe diameters (for filters located inside of the 
tunnel), but not more than 40.0 inches (102 cm) for filters located 
outside of the dilution tunnel.
    (v) Free from sharp bends.
    (vi) Configured so that a clean particulate filter (including back-
up filter) can be selected simultaneously with the selection of an empty 
gaseous emissions bag.
    (9) The flow rate through the particulate probe shall be maintained 
to a constant value within 5 percent of the set flow rate.
    (10) The particulate sample pump shall be located sufficiently 
distant from the dilution tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature is 
maintained at a constant temperature (5.0  deg.F (2.8 
deg.C)).
    (11) The gas meters or flow instrumentation shall be located 
sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature 
remains constant (5.0  deg.F (2.8  deg.C)).
    (12) The THC probe (when the THC probe is required) shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., approximately 10 tunnel diameters 
downstream from the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the particulate probe so 
as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies produced by the 
particulate probe.
    (iii) Heated and insulated over the entire length to maintain a 375 
deg.20  deg.F (191  deg.11  deg.C) wall 
temperature.
    (iv) 0.19 in. (0.48 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (13) It is intended that the THC probe be free from cold spots 
(i.e., free from spots where the probe wall temperature is less than 355 
 deg.F). This will be determined by a temperature sensor located on a 
section of the probe wall outside of the dilution tunnel. The 
temperature sensor shall be insulated from any heating elements on the 
probe. The sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 2 
deg.F (1.1  deg.C).

[[Page 410]]

    (14) The dilute exhaust gas flowing in the THC sample system shall 
be:
    (i) At 375  deg.F10  deg.F (191  deg.C6 
deg.C) immediately before the heated filter. This will be determined by 
a temperature sensor located immediately upstream of the filter. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1 
 deg.C).
    (ii) At 375  deg.F10  deg.F (191  deg.C 6 
deg.C) immediately before the HFID. This will be determined by a 
temperature sensor located at the exit of the heated sample line. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of 2  deg.F (1.1 
 deg.C).
    (15) It is intended that the dilute exhaust gas flowing in the THC 
sample system be between 365  deg.F and 385  deg.F (185  deg.C and 197 
deg.C).
    (c) Component description--methanol-fueled vehicles. The components 
necessary for methanol-fueled vehicle exhaust sampling shall meet the 
following requirements:
    (1) The PDP-CVS, Figure B94-5, shall contain a proportional 
particulate sampling system, and shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas PDP-CVS (Sec. 86.109), with one 
exception: a flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain the 
diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is taken, 
at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less.
    (2) The CFV-CVS sample system, Figure B94-6, shall contain a 
proportional particulate sampling system, and shall conform to all of 
the requirements listed for the exhaust gas CFV sample system 
(Sec. 86.109), except for the following:
    (i) A flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain the 
diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is taken, 
at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less.
    (ii) If a constant volume particulate sample is collected, a heat 
exchanger is required.
    (iii) If a heat exchanger is used, the gas mixture temperature, 
measured at a point immediately ahead of the critical flow venturi, 
shall be within  20  deg.F (11  deg.C) of the designed 
operating temperature at the start of the test. The gas mixture 
temperature variation from its value at the start of the test shall be 
limited to  20  deg.F (11  deg.C) during the entire test. 
The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and precision of 
 2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C).
    (iv) The cyclonic separator is optional.
    (3) The EFC-CFV-CVS sample system shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas EFC sample system (Sec. 86.109) 
with three exceptions:
    (i) A flow rate of sufficient volume is required to maintain the 
diluted exhaust stream, from which the particulate sample flow is taken, 
at a temperature of 125  deg.F (52  deg.C) or less.
    (ii) A proportional particulate sample shall be collected using an 
electronic flow controller that meets the performance criteria listed in 
Sec. 86.109 for methanol and formaldehyde EFC systems.
    (iii) The cyclonic separator is optional.
    (4) Losses of methanol due to condensation of water in the duct 
connecting the vehicle tail pipe to the dilution tunnel must be 
eliminated. This may be accomplished by:
    (i) The use of a duct of unrestricted length maintained at a 
temperature above the maximum dew point of the exhaust, but below 250 
deg.F (121  deg.C), through heating and cooling as required; or
    (ii) The use of a short duct (up to 12 feet long) constructed of 
smooth wall pipe with a minimum of flexible sections maintained at a 
temperature above the maximum dew point of the exhaust, but below 250 
deg.F (121  deg.C), prior to the test and during breaks in testing 
(insulation may remain in place and/or heating may occur during testing 
provided maximum temperature is not exceeded); or
    (iii) Using smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating. A maximum of two short flexible connectors are allowed 
under this option; or
    (iv) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the vehicle tailpipe exit.
    (5) The vehicle exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point 
where it is introduced into the dilution tunnel.
    (6) The dilution air shall be between 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 86 
deg.F (30  deg.C) during the

[[Page 411]]

test (unless the requirements of Sec. 86.109-94(b)(4) are also met).
    (7) The dilution tunnel shall be:
    (i) Sized to permit development of turbulent flow (Reynold's No. 
>>4000) and complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air between the 
mixing orifice and the particulate sample probe. It is recommended that 
uniform mixing be demonstrated by the user.
    (ii) At least 8.0 inches (20.3 cm) in diameter.
    (iii) Constructed of electrically conductive material which does not 
react with the exhaust components.
    (iv) Grounded.
    (8) The temperature of the diluted exhaust stream inside of the 
dilution tunnel shall be sufficient to prevent water condensation. 
However, the sample zone dilute exhaust temperature shall not exceed 125 
 deg.F (52  deg.C) at any time during the test.
    (9) The particulate sample probe shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., near the tunnel centerline, approximately 
10 tunnel diameters downstream from the point where the exhaust enters 
the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the THC probe so as to be 
free from the influence of any wakes or eddies produced by the THC 
probe.
    (iii) 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (iv) The distance from the sampling tip to the filter holder shall 
be at least five probe diameters (for filters located inside the 
tunnel), but not more than 40.0 inches (102 cm) for filters located 
outside of the dilution tunnel.
    (v) Free from sharp bends.
    (vi) Configured so that a clean particulate filter (including back 
up filter) can be selected simultaneously with the selection of an empty 
gaseous emissions bag.
    (10) The flow rate through the particulate probe shall be maintained 
to a constant value within 5 percent of the set flow rate.
    (11) The particulate sample pump shall be located sufficiently 
distant from the dilution tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature is 
maintained at a constant temperature ( 5.0  deg.F (2.8 
deg.C)).
    (12) The gas meters or flow instrumentation shall be located 
sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature 
remains constant ( 5.0  deg.F (2.8  deg.C)).
    (13) The hydrocarbon probe shall be:
    (i) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust are well mixed (i.e., approximately ten tunnel diameters 
downstream from the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel).
    (ii) Sufficiently distant (radially) from the particulate probe so 
as to be free from the influence of any wakes of eddies produced by the 
particulate probe.
    (iii) Heated and insulated over the entire length to maintain a wall 
temperature more than 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of 
the sample, but below 250  deg.F (121  deg.C).
    (iv) 0.19 in. (0.48 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (14) It is intended that the THC probe be free from cold spots 
(i.e., free from cold spots where the probe wall temperature is less 
than 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of the sample.) 
This will be determined by a temperature sensor located on a section of 
the probe wall outside of the dilution tunnel. The temperature sensor 
shall be insulated from any heating elements on the probe. The sensor 
shall have an accuracy and precision of  2  deg.F (1.1 
deg.C).
    (15) The dilute exhaust gas flowing in the hydrocarbon sample system 
shall be:
    (i) At 235  deg.F  15  deg.F (113  deg.C  8 
deg.C) immediately before the heated filter. This will be determined by 
a temperature sensor located immediately upstream of the filter. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of  2  deg.F 
(1.1  deg.C).
    (ii) At 235 deg.  15  deg.F (113  deg.C  8 
deg.C) immediately before the HFID. This will be determined by a 
temperature sensor located at the exit of the heated sample line. The 
sensor shall have an accuracy and precision of  2  deg.F 
(1.1  deg.C).
    (16) It is intended that the dilute exhaust gas flowing in the 
hydrocarbon sample system between 220  deg.F and 250  deg.F (105  deg.C 
and 121  deg.C).

[[Page 412]]

    (17) For methanol-fueled vehicles, bag sampling procedures for the 
measurement of hydrocarbons as described in Sec. 86.109 may be employed.
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.110-90.

[56 FR 25767, June 5, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 48505, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34342, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.111-90  Exhaust gas analytical system.

    (a) Schematic drawings. Figure B90-7 is a schematic drawing of the 
exhaust gas analytical system for analysis of hydrocarbons (HC) 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol in the case of methanol-fueled vehicles), 
carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxides of 
nitrogen (NOX). The schematic diagram of the hydrocarbon 
analysis train for diesel vehicles (and for hydrocarbons plus methanol 
for methanol-fueled diesel vehicles if continuous HFID analysis is 
employed) is shown as part of Figure B90-5 (or Figure B90-6). Since 
various configurations can produce accurate results, exact conformance 
with either drawing is not required. Additional components such as 
instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and switches may be used to 
provide additional information and coordinate the functions of the 
component systems.

[[Page 413]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.153

    (b) Major component description. The exhaust gas analytical system 
for HC, CO, CO2, and NOX, Figure B90-7, consists 
of a flame ionization detector (FID) (heated, 235 deg.15 
deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C) for methanol-fueled vehicles) for 
the determination of hydrocarbons, non-dispersive infrared analyzers 
(NDIR) for the determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and a 
chemiluminescence analyzer (CL) for the determination of oxides of 
nitrogen. A heated flame ionization detector (HFID) is used for the 
continuous determination of hydrocarbons from petroleum-fueled diesel 
vehicles (may also be used with methanol-fueled diesel vehicles), Figure 
B90-5 (or B90-6).

[[Page 414]]

The analytical system for methanol consists of a gas chromatograph (GC) 
equipped with a flame ionization detector. The analysis for formaldehyde 
is performed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatives using ultraviolet (UV) 
detection. The exhaust gas analytical system shall conform to the 
following requirements:
    (1) The CL requires that the nitrogen dioxide present in the sample 
be converted to nitric oxide before analysis. Other types of analyzers 
may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (2) The carbon monoxide (CO) NDIR analyzer may require a sample 
conditioning column containing CaSO4, or indicating silica 
gel to remove water vapor and containing ascarite to remove carbon 
dioxide from the CO analysis stream.
    (i) If CO instruments which are essentially free of CO2 
and water vapor interference are used, the use of the conditioning 
column may be deleted, see Secs. 86.122 and 86.144.
    (ii) A CO instrument will be considered to be essentially free of 
CO2 and water vapor interference if its response to a mixture 
of 3 percent CO2 in N2 which has been bubbled 
through water at room temperature produces an equivalent CO response, as 
measured on the most sensitive CO range, which is less than l percent of 
full scale CO concentration on ranges above 300 ppm full scale or less 
than 3 ppm on ranges below 300 ppm full scale, see Sec. 86.122.
    (3) For petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles (and if selected, for 
methanol-fueled diesel vehicles) a continuous hydrocarbon sample shall 
be measured using a heated analyzer train as shown in Figure B90-5 (or 
B90-6). The train shall include a heated probe, a heated continuous 
sampling line, a heated particulate filter and a heated hydrocarbon 
instrument (HFID) complete with heated pump, filter and flow control 
system.
    (i) The response time of this instrument shall be less than 1.5 
seconds for 90 percent of full scale response.
    (ii) The continuous HC sample system may use an ``overflow'' zero 
and span system; see Sec. 86.140-82(b)(4). In this type of system 
(figures B82-3A and B82-4A), zero or span gas is introduced into the 
heated sample line at a flow rate that exceeds the sample flow rate to 
the HFID. The excess gas overflows the sample probe into the dilution 
tunnel. This method assures that the reference gas enters HFID in the 
same concentration as the injected reference gas and at the same rate as 
the sample exhaust gas. In addition to zero and span checks, it may also 
be used to calibrate the HC analyzer per Sec. 86.121-82(b). The overflow 
gas flow rate into the sample line shall be greater than 125 percent of 
the HFID flow rate with the CVS blower operating. A lower flow rate may 
be used if it has been experimentally shown to produce equivalent 
results and current dccumentation is maintained. The overflow gases 
shall enter the heated sample line as close as practicable to the 
outside surface of the dilution tunnel.
    (iii) No other analyzers may draw a sample from the continuous HC 
sample probe, line or system, unless a common sample pump is used of all 
analyzers and the single sample line system design reflects good 
engineering practice.
    (iv) Sample transport time from sampling point to inlet of 
instrument shall be less than 4 seconds.
    (v) For petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles, the sample line and filter 
shall be heated to maintain a sample gas temperature of 
375 deg.10  deg.F (191 deg.6  deg.C) before the 
filter and before the HFID.
    (vi) For methanol-fueled diesel vehicles, the sample line and filter 
shall be heated to maintain a sample gas temperature of 
235 deg.15  deg.F (113 deg.8  deg.C) before the 
filter and before the HFID.
    (c) Other analyzers and equipment. Other types of analyzers and 
equipment may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.

[54 FR 14512, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.111-94  Exhaust gas analytical system.

    Section 86.111-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.111-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.111-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.111-94, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For

[[Page 415]]

guidance see Sec. 86.111-90.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.111-90 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) Schematic drawings. Figure B94-7 is a schematic drawing of the 
exhaust gas analytical system for samples from bag sampling systems for 
analysis of total hydrocarbon (THC) (hydrocarbon plus methanol in the 
case of methanol-fueled vehicles), methane (CH4) (for vehicles subject 
to the NMHC and NMHCE standards), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide 
(CO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NOX). The schematic 
diagram of the continuous THC analysis train (and for THC plus methanol 
for methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles) is shown as part of Figure 
B94-5 (or Figure B94-6). Since various configurations can produce 
accurate results, exact conformance with either drawing is not required. 
Additional components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps, and 
switches may be used to provide additional information and coordinate 
the functions of the component systems.

[[Page 416]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.154

    (b) Major component description. The exhaust gas analytical system, 
Figure B94-7, consists of a flame ionization detector (FID) (heated, 235 
 deg.15  deg.F (113  deg.8  deg.C) for methanol-
fueled vehicles) for the determination of THC, a methane analyzer 
(consisting of a gas chromatograph combined with a FID) for the 
determination of CH4 (for vehicles subject to the NMHC and 
NMHCE standards, where applicable), non-dispersive infrared analyzers 
(NDIR) for the determination of CO and CO2 and a 
chemiluminescence analyzer (CL) for the determination of NOX. 
A heated flame ionization detector (HFID) is used for the continuous 
determination of THC from petroleum-fueled diesel-

[[Page 417]]

cycle vehicles (may also be used with methanol-fueled diesel-cycle 
vehicles), Figure B94-5 (or B94-6). The analytical system for methanol 
consists of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization 
detector. The analysis for formaldehyde is performed using high pressure 
liquid chromatography (HPLC) of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) 
derivatives using ultraviolet (UV) detection. The exhaust gas analytical 
system shall conform to the following requirements:
    (1) The CL requires that the nitrogen dioxide present in the sample 
be converted to nitric oxide before analysis. Other types of analyzers 
may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (2) The carbon monoxide (CO) NDIR analyzer may require a sample 
conditioning column containing CaSO4, or indicating silica 
gel to remove water vapor, and containing ascarite to remove carbon 
dioxide from the CO analysis stream.
    (i) If CO instruments which are essentially free of CO2 
and water vapor interference are used, the use of the conditioning 
column may be deleted, see Secs. 86.122 and 86.144.
    (ii) A CO instrument will be considered to be essentially free of 
CO2 and water vapor interference if its response to a mixture 
of 3 percent CO2 in N2 which has been bubbled 
through water at room temperature produces an equivalent CO response, as 
measured on the most sensitive CO range, which is less than l percent of 
full scale CO concentration on ranges above 300 ppm full scale or less 
than 3 ppm on ranges below 300 ppm full scale, see Sec. 86.122.
    (3) For petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles (and if selected, for 
methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
diesel vehicles) a continuous hydrocarbon sample shall be measured using 
a heated analyzer train as shown in Figure B90-5 (or B90-6). The train 
shall include a heated probe, a heated continuous sampling line, a 
heated particulate filter and a heated hydrocarbon instrument (HFID) 
complete with heated pump, filter and flow control system.
    (i) The response time of this instrument shall be less than 1.5 
seconds for 90 percent of full scale response.
    (ii) The continuous THC sample system may use an ``overflow'' zero 
and span system; see Sec. 86.140-82(b)(4). In this type of system 
(figures B82-3A and B82-4A), zero or span gas is introduced into the 
heated sample line at a flow rate that exceeds the sample flow rate to 
the HFID. The excess gas overflows the sample probe into the dilution 
tunnel. This method assures that the reference gas enters HFID in the 
same concentration as the injected reference gas and at the same rate as 
the sample exhaust gas. In addition to zero and span checks, it may also 
be used to calibrate the THC analyzer per Sec. 86.121-82(b). The 
overflow gas flow rate into the sample line shall be greater than 125 
percent of the HFID flow rate with the CVS blower operating. A lower 
flow rate may be used if it has been experimentally shown to produce 
equivalent results and current documentation is maintained. The overflow 
gases shall enter the heated sample line as close as practicable to the 
outside surface of the dilution tunnel.
    (iii) No other analyzers may draw a sample from the continuous THC 
sample probe, line, or system, unless a common sample pump is used of 
all analyzers and the single sample line system design reflects good 
engineering practice.
    (iv) Sample transport time from sampling point to inlet of 
instrument shall be less than 4 seconds.
    (v) For petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum 
gas-fueled diesel vehicles, the sample line and filter shall be heated 
to maintain a sample gas temperature of 375 deg. 10  deg.F 
(191 deg. 6  deg.C) before the filter and before the HFID.
    (vi) For methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, the sample line and 
filter shall be heated to maintain a sample gas temperature of 235 
deg.15  deg.F (113  deg.8  deg.C) before the 
filter and before the HFID.
    (vii) Using a methane analyzer consisting of a gas chromatograph 
combined with a FID, the measurement of methane shall be done in 
accordance

[[Page 418]]

with the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. (SAE) Recommended 
Practice J1151, ``Methane Measurement Using Gas Chromatography,'' 
December 1991, 1994 SAE Handbook--SAE International Cooperative 
Engineering Program, Volume 1: Materials, Fuels, Emissions, and Noise; 
Section 13 and page 170 (13.170), which is incorporated by reference.
    (A) This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of 
the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 
51.
    (B) Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 M Street, SW., 
Washington, DC 20460, or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 
North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC. Copies of this 
material may be obtained from Society of Automotive Engineers 
International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-001.
    (c) Other analyzers and equipment. Other types of analyzers and 
equipment may be used if shown to yield equivalent or superior results 
and if approved in advance by the Administrator.

[56 FR 25771, June 5, 1991, as amended at 58 FR 33209, June 16, 1993; 59 
FR 48505, Sept. 21, 1994; 59 FR 50073, Sept. 30, 1994]



Sec. 86.112-91  Weighing chamber (or room) and microgram balance specifications.

    (a) Ambient conditions--(1) Temperature. The temperature of the 
chamber in which the particulate filters are conditioned and weighed 
shall be maintained to within 10  deg.F (6  deg.C) of a set 
point between 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 86  deg.F (30  deg.C) during all 
filter conditioning and filter weighing. A continuous recording of the 
temperature is required.
    (2) Humidity. The relative humidity of the chamber in which the 
particulate filters are conditioned and weighed shall be maintained to 
within 10 percent of a set point between 30 and 70 percent 
during all filter conditioning and filter weighing. A continuous 
recording of the temperature is required.
    (3) The environment shall be free from any ambient contaminants 
(such as dust) that would settle on the particulate filters during their 
stabilization.
    (4) It is required that two unused reference filters remain in the 
weighing room at all times in covered (to reduce dust contamination) but 
unsealed (to permit humidity exchange) petri dishes. These reference 
filters shall be placed in the same general area as the sample filters. 
These reference filters shall be weighed within 4 hours of, but 
preferably just prior to, the pre- and post-test sample filter 
weighings.
    (5) If the weight of either of the reference filters changes between 
pre- and post-test sample filter weighings by more than 2.0 
percent of the test average primary filter loading (recommended minimum 
of 0.5 milligrams) or 0.010 milligrams, whichever is 
greater, then the post-test sample filter weights are invalid. However, 
the post-test weighing procedure can be repeated to obtain valid weights 
within the time limits as specified in Sec. 86.139.
    (6) The reference filters shall be changed at least once per month, 
but never between pre- and post-test weighings of a given sample filter. 
The reference filters shall be the same size and material as the sample 
filters.
    (b) Microgram balance specifications. The microgram balance used to 
determine the weights of all filters shall have a precision (standard 
deviation) and a readability of one microgram.
    (c) Other procedures and equipment. Other procedures and equipment 
may be used if shown to yield equivalent or superior results and if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.

[56 FR 25773, June 5, 1991]



Sec. 86.113-04  Fuel specifications.

    This section includes text that specifies requirements that differ 
from Sec. 86.113-94. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.113-94 is identical 
and applicable to this section, this will be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.113-94.''.
    (a) Gasoline fuel. (1) Gasoline having the following specifications 
will be used by the Administrator in exhaust and evaporative emission 
testing of petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, except that the 
Administrator will not use gasoline having a sulfur specification higher 
than 0.0045 weight percent.

[[Page 419]]

Gasoline having the following specification or substantially equivalent 
specifications approved by the Administrator, must be used by the 
manufacturer in exhaust and evaporative testing except that octane 
specifications do not apply:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    ASTM test method
              Item                        No.                Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, Research, Min...........  D 2699.............                 93
Sensitivity, Min................    .................                7.5
Lead (organic), max. g/U.S. gal.  D 3237.............      0.050 (0.013)
 (g/liter).
Distillation Range:                D 86..............
    IBP1:deg. F (deg. C)........    .................    75-95 (23.9-35)
    10 pct. point: deg.F (deg.C)    .................     120-135 (48.9-
                                                                   57.2)
    50 pct. point: deg.F.           .................     200-230 (93.3-
     (deg.C).                                                       110)
    90 pct. point: deg.F (deg.C)    .................    300-325 (148.9-
                                                                  162.8)
    EP, max: deg.F (deg.C)......    .................        415 (212.8)
Sulfur, weight pct..............  D 1266.............       0.0015-0.008
Phosphorous, max. g/U.S. gal (g/  D 3231.............     0.005 (0.0013)
 liter).
RVP 2,3.........................  D 3231.............     8.7-9.2 (60.0-
                                                                   63.4)
Hydrocarbon composition:          D 1319.............
    Olefins, max. pct...........    .................                 10
    Aromatics, max, pct.........    .................                 35
    Saturates...................    .................         Remainder
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4000 feet), the specified
  range is 75-105 deg. F (23.9-40.6 deg. C).
\2\ For testing which is unrelated to evaporative emission control, the
  specified range is 8.0-9.2 psi (55.2-63.4 kPa).
\3\ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4000 feet), the specified
  range is 7.6-8.0 psi (52-55 kPa).

    (2) For light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty 
passenger vehicles certified for 50 state sale, and for Tier 2 and 
interim non-Tier 2 vehicles whose certification is carried over from the 
NLEV program or carried across from the California LEV I program, 
``California Phase 2'' gasoline having the specifications listed in the 
table in this section may be used in exhaust emission testing as an 
option to the specifications in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. If a 
manufacturer elects to utilize this option, the manufacturer must 
conduct exhaust emission testing with gasoline having the specifications 
listed in the table in this paragraph (a)(2) and in the case of interim 
non-Tier 2 LDV/Ts and interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs whose certification is 
carried over from the NLEV program or carried across from California LEV 
I program certification the Administrator must also conduct exhaust 
emission testing with gasoline having the specifications listed in the 
table in this paragraph (a)(2) . However, the Administrator may use or 
require the use of test fuel meeting the specifications in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section for certification confirmatory testing, selective 
enforcement auditing and in-use testing for all other vehicles. All fuel 
property test methods for this fuel are contained in Chapter 4 of the 
California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low 
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996). These requirements are 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). The table follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Fuel property                            Limit
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, (R+M)/2 (min)..............  91
Sensitivity (min)..................  7.5
Lead, g/gal (max) (No lead added)..  0-0.01
Distillation range,  deg.F.........
10 pct. point,.....................  130-150
50 pct. point,.....................  200-210
90 pct. point,.....................  290-300
EP, maximum........................  390
Residue, vol% (max)................  2.0
Sulfur, ppm by wt..................  15-40, except that administrator
                                      may use and approve for use, lower
                                      ranges where such ranges are
                                      consistent with current California
                                      requirements.
Phosphorous, g/gal (max)...........  0.005

[[Page 420]]

 
RVP, psi...........................  6.7-7.0
Olefins, vol%......................  4.0-6.0
Total aromatic hydrocarbons (vol%).  22-25
Benzene, vol%......................  0.8-1.0
Multi-substituted alkyl Aromatic     12-14
 hydrocarbons, vol%.
MTBE, vol %........................  10.8-11.2
Additives:.........................  See chapter 4 of the California
                                      Regulatory Requirements Applicable
                                      to the National Low Emission
                                      Vehicle Program (October, 1996).
                                      These procedures are incorporated
                                      by reference (see Sec.  86.1).
Copper corrosion...................  No. 1.
Gum, washed, mg/100 ml (max).......  3.0
Oxidation stability, minutes (min).  1000
Specific gravity...................  No limit; report to purchaser
                                      required.
Heat of combustion.................  No limit; report to purchaser
                                      required.
Carbon, wt%........................  No limit; report to purchaser
                                      required.
Hydrogen, wt%......................  No limit; report to purchaser
                                      required.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3)(i) Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, unleaded 
gasoline representative of commercial gasoline that will be generally 
available through retail outlets must be used in service accumulation. 
For model years 2004 and later, and unless otherwise approved by the 
Administrator, this gasoline must have a minimum sulfur content of 15 
ppm. Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, where the vehicle 
is to be used for evaporative emission durability demonstration, such 
fuel must contain ethanol as required by Sec. 86.1824-01(a)(2)(iii). 
Leaded gasoline must not be used in service accumulation.
    (ii) Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, the octane 
rating of the gasoline used must be no higher than 1.0 Retail octane 
number above the lowest octane rating that meets the fuel grade the 
manufacturer will recommend to the ultimate purchaser for the relevant 
production vehicles. If the manufacturer recommends a Retail octane 
number rather than a fuel grade, then the octane rating of the service 
accumulation gasoline can be no higher than 1.0 Retail octane number 
above the recommended Retail octane number. The service accumulation 
gasoline must also have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, 
where sensitivity is defined as the Research octane number minus the 
Motor octane number.
    (iii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used must be 
characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the 
service accumulation takes place.
    (4) The specification range of the gasoline to be used under this 
paragraph (a) must be reported in accordance with Secs. 86.094-21(b)(3) 
and 86.1844-01.
    (b) through (g) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.113-94.

[65 FR 6848, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.113-91  Fuel specifications.

    (a) Otto-cycle test fuel. (1) Gasoline having the following 
specifications will be used by the Administrator in exhaust and 
evaporative emission testing of petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles. 
Gasoline having the following specification or substantially equivalent 
specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used by the 
manufacturer in exhaust and evaporative testing except that octane 
specifications do not apply.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  ASTM
                                                  test
             Item                                method        Value
                                                   No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research.............  min............  D2699...              93
Sensitivity..................  min............  ........             7.5
Lead (organic)...............  g/U.S. gal. (g/  D3237...   \1\ 0.050 \1\
                                liter).                          (0.013)
Distillation Range:
  IBP \2\....................    deg.F........  D86.....           75-95
                               (  deg.C)......  ........       (23.9-35)
  10 pct. point..............    deg.F........  D86.....         120-135
                               (  deg.C)......  ........     (48.9-57.2)
  50 pct. point..............    deg.F........  D86.....         200-230
                               (  deg.C)......  ........      (93.3-110)
  90 pct. point..............    deg.F........  D86.....         300-325
                               (  deg.C)......  ........   (148.9-162.8)
  EP, (max.).................    deg.F........  D86.....             415
                               (  deg.C)......  ........         (212.8)
Sulfur, weight pct.            max............  D1266...            0.10
Phosphorus, max..............  g/U.S. gal. (g/  D3231...           0.005
                                liter).                         (0.0013)

[[Page 421]]

 
RVP \3\,\4\..................  psi (kPa)......  D323....         8.7-9.2
                                                             (60.0-63.4)
Hydrocarbon composition:
  Olefins,...................  max. pct.......  D1319...              10
  Aromatics..................  max. pct.......  D1319...              35
  Saturates..................    .............  D1319...           (\5\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.
\2\ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4,000 ft) the specified
  range is 75 deg.-105  deg.F (23.9 deg.-40.6  deg.C).
\3\ For testing which is unrelated to evaporative emission control, the
  specified range is 8.0-9.2 psi (55.2-63.4 kPa).
\4\ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4,000 ft) the specified
  range is 7.9-9.2 psi (54.5-63.4 kPa).
\5\ Remainder.

    (2) Unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which 
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in 
service accumulation for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles. Leaded 
gasoline will not be used in service accumulation.
    (i) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 
1.0 Research octane number above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where 
sensitivity is defined as the Research octane number minus the Motor 
octane number.
    (ii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be 
characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the 
service accumulation takes place.
    (3) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing 
and in service accumulation of methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles shall 
be representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall 
consist of at least 50 percent methanol by volume.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (4) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service, 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (a)(3) of this section 
would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability, and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (5) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(a)(2), (a)(3), and (a)(4) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-21(b)(3).
    (b) Diesel test fuel. (1) The petroleum fuels employed for testing 
diesel vehicles shall be clean and bright, with pour and cloud points 
adequate for operability. The petroleum fuel may contain nonmetallic 
additives as follows: cetane improver, metal deactivator, antioxidant, 
dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, dispersant and biocide. Except 
for the sulfur content of ``Type 2-D'' fuel, fuels specified for 
emissions testing are intended to be representative of commercially 
available in-use fuels.
    (2) Petroleum fuel for diesel vehicles meeting the following 
specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emissions testing. The grade 
of petroleum fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, commercially 
designated as ``Type 2-D'' grade diesel, shall be used.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             ASTM test
             Item                           method No.      Type 2-D
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number.................  ..........  D613......             42-50
Distillation range:
  IBP.........................    deg.F...  D86.......           340-400
                                (C).......  ..........     (171.1-204.4)
  10 pct. point...............    deg.F...  D86.......           400-460
                                (C).......  ..........     (204.4-237.8)
  50 pct. point...............    deg.F...  D86.......           470-540
                                (C).......  ..........     (243.3-282.2)
  90 pct. point...............    deg.F...  D86.......           560-630
                                (C).......  ..........     (293.3-332.2)
  EP..........................    deg.F...  D86.......           610-690
                                (C).......  ..........     (321.1-365.6)
Gravity.......................   API......  D287......             32-37
Total sulfur..................  pct.......  D2622.....         0.08-0.12
Hydrocarbon composition:
  Aromatics, min..............  pct.......  D1319.....                27
  Paraffins, Naphthenes,        ..........  D1319.....             (\1\)
   Olefins.
Flashpoint, min...............    deg.F...  D93.......               130
                                (C).......  ..........            (54.4)

[[Page 422]]

 
Viscosity, centistokes........  ..........  D445......           2.0-3.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Remainder.

    (3) Petroleum fuel for diesel vehicles meeting the following 
specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, shall be used in service accumulation. The grade of 
petroleum diesel fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, 
commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' grade diesel fuel, shall be 
used.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  ASTM
                                                  test
             Item                                method      Type 2-D
                                                   No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number................  ...............  D613....           38-58
Distillation range:
  90 pct. point..............    deg.F........  D86.....         540-650
                               (  deg.C)......  ........   (282.2-343.3)
Gravity......................   deg.API.......  D287....           30-39
Total sulfur.................  pct............  D2622...       0.08-0.12
Flashpoint, min..............    deg.F........  D93.....             130
                               (  deg.C)......  ........          (54.4)
Viscosity....................  centistokes....  D455....         1.5-4.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing 
and in service accumulation of methanol-fueled diesel vehicles shall be 
representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall consist 
of at least 50 percent methanol by volume.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (b)(4) of 
this section.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (5) Other fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation 
provided:
    (i) They are commercially available, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service, 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) or 
(b)(4) of this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or 
durability, and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (6) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(4), and (b)(5) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-21(b)(3).
    (c) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section 
may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (d) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
vehicles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust 
and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for flexible 
fuel vehicles shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for which the 
vehicle was designed.
    (2) Manufacturer testing and service accumulation may be performed 
using only those mixtures (mixtures may be different for exhaust 
testing, evaporative testing, and service accumulation expected to 
result in the highest emissions, provided:
    (i) The fuels which constitute the mixture will be used in customer 
service, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided by 
the manufacturer to show that the designated fuel mixtures would result 
in the highest emissions, and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.090-
21(b)(3).

[55 FR 34144, Aug. 21, 1990, as amended at 57 FR 19538, May 7, 1992]



Sec. 86.113-94  Fuel specifications.

    (a) Gasoline fuel. (1) Gasoline having the following specifications 
will be used by the Administrator in exhaust and evaporative emission 
testing of petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles. Gasoline having the 
following specification or substantially equivalent specifications 
approved by the Administrator, shall be used by the manufacturer in 
exhaust and evaporative testing except that octane specifications do not 
apply;

[[Page 423]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          ASTM test  method
                  Item                           No.            Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, Research, Min..................  D2699                        93
Sensitivity, Min.......................  ..................          7.5
Lead (organic):
    g/U.S. gal. (g/liter)..............  D3237                 \1\ 0.050
                                                             \1\ (0.013)
Distillation Range:
    IBP:\2\  deg.F (  deg.C)...........  D86                       75-95
                                                               (23.9-35)
    10 pct. point:  deg.F (  deg.C)....  D86                     120-135
                                                             (48.9-57.2)
    50 pct. point:  deg.F (  deg.C)....  D86                     200-230
                                                              (93.3-110)
    90 pct. point:  deg.F (  deg.C)....  D86                     300-325
(148.9-162.8):
    EP, max:  deg.F (  deg.C)..........  D86                         415
                                                                 (212.8)
Sulfur, weight pct. max................  D1266                      0.10
Phosphorus, max. g/U.S. gal. (g/liter).  D3231                     0.005
                                                                (0.0013)
RVP 3,4, psi (kPa).....................  D3231                   8.7-9.2
                                                             (60.0-63.4)
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Olefins, max. pct..................  D1319                        10
    Aromatics, max. pct................  D1319                        35
    Saturates..........................  D1319                     (\5\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.
\2\ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4,000 ft), the specified
  range is 75 deg.-105  deg.F (23.9 deg.-40.6  deg.C).
\3\ For testing which is unrelated to evaporative emission control, the
  specified range is 8.0-9.2 psi (55.2-63.4 kPa).
\4\ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4,000 ft), the specified
  range is 7.6-8.0 psi (52-55 kPa).
\5\ Remainder.

    (2)(i) Unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which 
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in 
service accumulation. Leaded gasoline will not be used in service 
accumulation.
    (ii) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 
1.0 Research octane number above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where 
sensitivity is defined as the Research octane number minus the Motor 
octane number.
    (iii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be 
characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the 
service accumulation takes place.
    (3) The specification range of the gasoline to be used under this 
paragraph (a) shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3) 
or Sec. 86.1844-01 as applicable.
    (b) Petroleum diesel test fuel. (1) The petroleum fuels employed for 
testing diesel vehicles shall be clean and bright, with pour and cloud 
points adequate for operability. The petroleum diesel fuel may contain 
nonmetallic additives as follows: Cetane improver, metal deactivator, 
antioxidant, dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, dispersant and 
biocide. Fuels specified for emissions testing are intended to be 
representative of commercially available in-use fuels.
    (2) Petroleum fuel for diesel vehicles meeting the following 
specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emission testing. The grade 
of petroleum diesel fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, 
commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' grade diesel, shall be used:

 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Item                                                  ASTM test method No.        Type 2-D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane number...........................                             D 613                                 40-50
Cetane index............................                             D 976                                 40-50
Distillation range:
  IBP...................................   deg.F                     D 86                                340-400
                                          ( deg.C)                                                 (171.1-204.4)
  10 pct. point.........................   deg.F                     D 86                                400-460
                                          ( deg.C)                                                 (204.4-237.8)
  50 pct. point.........................   deg.F                     D 86                                470-540
                                          ( deg.C)                                                 (243.3-282.2)
  90 pct. point.........................   deg.F                     D 86                                560-630
                                          ( deg.C)                                                 (293.3-332.2)
  EP....................................   deg.F                     D 86                                610-690
                                          ( deg.C)                                                 (321.1-365.6)
Gravity.................................   deg.API                   D 287                                 32-37
Total sulfur............................  pct.                       D 2622                            0.03-0.05
Hydrocarbon composition:
  Aromatics, minimum....................  pct.                       D 1319                                   27
  Paraffins, Naphthenes, Olefins........                             D 1319                                    1
Flashpoint, min.........................   deg.F                     D 93                                    130
                                          ( deg.C)                                                        (54.4)

[[Page 424]]

 
Viscosity...............................  centistokes                D 445                              2.0-3.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] Remainder.

    (3) Petroleum fuel for diesel vehicles meeting the following 
specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, shall be used in service accumulation. The grade of 
petroleum diesel fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, 
commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' grade diesel fuel, shall be 
used:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Item                                                    ASTM test method No.       Type 2-D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number...........................  ............................  D613                               38-58
Cetane Index............................  ............................  D976                             min. 40
Distillation range:
  90 pct. point.........................    deg.F                       D86                              540-630
                                          (  deg.C)                     .......................    (282.2-343.3)
Gravity.................................   deg.API                      D287                               30-39
Total sulfur............................  pct.                          D2622                          0.03-0.05
Flashpoint, min.........................    deg.F                       D93                                  130
                                          (  deg.C)                     .......................           (54.4)
Viscosity...............................  centistokes                   D445                             1.5-4.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) Other petroleum distillate fuels may be used for testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available; and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of 
this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; 
and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications is provided prior to the start of testing.
    (5) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(b)(2), (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3) or Sec. 86.1844-01 as applicable.
    (c) Methanol fuel. (1) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and 
evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation shall be 
representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall consist 
of at least 50 percent methanol by volume.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (2) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available; and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (c)(1) of this section 
would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3) or Sec. 86.1844-01 as applicable.
    (d) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
vehicles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust 
and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for flexible 
fuel vehicles shall consist of the appropriate petroleum fuels listed in 
either paragraph (a) or paragraph

[[Page 425]]

(b) of this section and a methanol fuel representative of the fuel 
expected to be found in use, as specified in paragraph (c) of this 
section, and shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for which the 
vehicle was designed, as reported in Sec. 86.94-21(j) or Sec. 86.1844-01 
as applicable. The Administrator may use any fuel or fuel mixture within 
this range for testing.
    (2) The fuel mixtures used by the manufacturers shall be sufficient 
to demonstrate compliance over the full design range, and shall include:
    (i) For emission testing:
    (A) The petroleum fuel specified in paragraph (a) or (b) of this 
section;
    (B) A methanol fuel representative of the methanol fuel expected to 
the found in use, as specified in paragraph (c) of this section;
    (C) A combination of the fuels specified in paragraphs (d)(2)(i)(A) 
and (d)(2)(i)(B) of this section at a composition which represents the 
highest Reid Vapor Pressure of in-use mixtures. This mixture shall 
contain between 9-13 percent methanol by volume.
    (ii) For service accumulation, the fuels specified in paragraphs (a) 
and (c) of this section or, for diesel FFVs, paragraphs (b) and (c) of 
this section shall be used alternately. The fuels shall be alternated at 
mileage intervals not to exceed 5,000 miles. The fuels shall be 
alternated such that the cumulative volumes of both the methanol fuel 
and the petroleum fuel used shall be at least 25 percent of the total 
fuel volume.
    (iii) Or, other combinations for testing or service accumulation 
which demonstrate compliance with the standards over the entire design 
range of the vehicle, provided that written approval is obtained from 
the Administrator prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under this 
paragraph shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3) or 
Sec. 86.1844-01 as applicable.
    (e) Natural gas fuel. (1) Natural gas fuel having the following 
specifications will be used by the Administrator for exhaust and 
evaporative emission testing of natural gas-fueled vehicles:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      ASTM test
              Item                                    method No.   Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane.........................  min. mole pct.     D1945          89.0
Ethane..........................  max. mole pct.     D1945           4.5
C3 and higher...................  max. mole pct.     D1945           2.3
C6 and higher...................  max. mole pct.     D1945           0.2
Oxygen..........................  max. mole pct.     D1945           0.6
Inert gases:
    Sum of CO2 and N2...........  max. mole pct.     D1945           4.0
Odorant \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The natural gas at ambient conditions must have a distinctive odor
  potent enough for its presence to be detected down to a concentration
  in air of not over \1/5\ (one-fifth) of the lower limit of
  flammability.

    (2) Natural gas representative of commercially available natural gas 
fuel which will be generally available through retail outlets shall be 
used in service accumulation for natural gas- fueled vehicles.
    (3) Other natural gas fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available; and
    (ii) Information acceptable to the Administrator is provided to show 
that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (4) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(e)(1), (e)(2) and (e)(3) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3) or Sec. 86.1844-01 as applicable.
    (f) Liquefied petroleum gas fuel. (1) Liquefied petroleum gas fuel 
used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and in service 
accumulation shall be commercially available liquefied petroleum gas 
fuel.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the liquefied petroleum gas fuel 
to be used for testing and service accumulation.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the liquefied petroleum gas 
fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation.
    (2) Other liquefied petroleum gas fuels may be used for testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available; and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show

[[Page 426]]

that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuel to be used under paragraphs 
(f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section shall be measured in accordance with 
ASTM D2163-61 (Incorporated by reference; see Sec. 86.1) and reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3) or Sec. 86.1844-01 as applicable.
    (g) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section 
may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator.

[59 FR 48506, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34342, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47120, Sept. 5, 1997; 63 FR 24448, May 4, 1998; 64 FR 23921, May 
4, 1999; 65 FR 8277, Feb. 18, 2000]



Sec. 86.114-79  Analytical gases.

    (a) Analyzer gases. (1) Gases for the CO and CO2 
analyzers shall be single blends of CO and CO2 respectively 
using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (2) Gases for the hydrocarbon analyzer shall be single blends of 
propane using air as the diluent.
    (3) Gases for NOX analyzer shall be single blends of NO 
named as NOX, with a maximum NO2 concentration of 
5 percent of the nominal value, using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (4) Fuel for the evaporative emission enclosure FID shall be a blend 
of 40plus-minus2% hydrogen with the balance being helium. The 
mixture shall contain less than 1 ppm equivalent carbon response. 98 to 
100 percent hydrogen fuel may be used with advance approval by the 
Administrator.
    (5) The allowable zero gas (air or nitrogen) impurity concentrations 
shall not exceed 1 ppm equivalent carbon response, 1 ppm carbon 
monoxide, 0.04 percent (400 ppm) carbon dioxide and 0.1 ppm nitric 
oxide.
    (6) ``Zero grade air'' includes artificial ``air'' consisting of a 
blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentrations between 18 and 
21 mole percent.
    (7) The use of precision blending devices (gas dividers) to obtain 
the required calibration, as defined below, is acceptable, provided that 
the calibration curver they produce name a calibration gas within 2 
percent of its certified concentration. This verification shall be 
performed at between 15 and 50 percent of the full scale concentration 
of the range and shall be included with each gas calibration 
incorporating a blending device. Alternative procedures to verify the 
validity of the analyzer calibration curves generated using a gas 
divider are acceptable provided the procedures are approved in advance 
by the Administrator.
    (b) Calibration gases shall be traceable to within 1 percent of NBS 
gas standards, or other gas standards which have been approved by the 
Administrator.
    (c) Span gases shall be accurate to within 2 percent of true 
concentration, where true concentration refers to NBS gas standards, or 
other gas standards which have been approved by the Administrator.

[42 FR 32954, June 28, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52920, Nov. 14, 1978; 
54 FR 2121, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.114-94  Analytical gases.

    (a) Analyzer gases. (1) Gases for the CO and CO2 
analyzers shall be single blends of CO and CO2 respectively 
using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (2) Gases for the THC analyzer shall be:
    (i) Single blends of propane using air as the diluent; and
    (ii) Optionally, for response factor determination, single blends of 
methanol using air as the diluent.
    (3) Gases for the methane analyzer shall be single blends of methane 
using air as the diluent.
    (4) Gases for the NOX analyzer shall be single blends of 
NO named as NOX, with a maximum NO2 concentration 
of 5 percent of the nominal value, using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (5) Fuel for FIDs and HFIDs and the methane analyzer shall be a 
blend of 40 2 percent hydrogen with the balance being 
helium. The mixture shall contain less than one ppm equivalent carbon 
response. 98 to 100 percent hydrogen fuel may be used with advance 
approval by the Administrator.
    (6) The allowable zero gas (air or nitrogen) impurity concentrations 
shall not exceed 1 ppm equivalent carbon response, 1 ppm carbon 
monoxide, 0.04

[[Page 427]]

percent (400 ppm) carbon dioxide, and 0.1 ppm nitric oxide.
    (7) ``Zero grade air'' includes artificial ``air'' consisting of a 
blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentrations between 18 and 
21 mole percent.
    (8) The use of precision blending devices (gas dividers) to obtain 
the required calibration, as defined below, is acceptable, provided that 
the calibration curves they produce name a calibration gas within 2 
percent of its certified concentration. This verification shall be 
performed at between 15 and 50 percent of the full scale concentration 
of the range and shall be included with each gas calibration 
incorporating a blending device. Alternative procedures to verify the 
validity of the analyzer calibration curves generated using a gas 
divider are acceptable provided the procedures are approved in advance 
by the Administrator.
    (b) Calibration gases (not including methanol) shall be traceable to 
within one percent of NIST (formerly NBS) gas standards, or other gas 
standards which have been approved by the Administrator.
    (c) Span gases (not including methanol) shall be accurate to within 
two percent of true concentration, where true concentration refers to 
NIST (formerly NBS) gas standards, or other gas standards which have 
been approved by the Administrator.
    (d) Methanol in air gases used for response factor determination 
shall:
    (1) Be traceable to within 2 percent of NIST (formerly 
NBS) gas standards, or other standards which have been approved by the 
Administrator; and
    (2) Remain within 2 percent of the labeled 
concentration. Demonstration of stability shall be based on a quarterly 
measurement procedure with a precision of 2 percent (two 
standard deviations), or other method approved by the Administrator. The 
measurement procedure may incorporate multiple measurements. If the true 
concentration of the gas changes by more than two percent, but less than 
ten percent, the gas may be relabeled with the new concentration.

[56 FR 25773, June 5, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 34342, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.115-00  EPA dynamometer driving schedules.

    Section 86.115-00 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.115-78. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.115-78 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.115-00, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.115-78.''
    (a) The driving schedules for the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule, US06, SC03, and the EPA New York City Cycles are contained in 
appendix I of this part. The driving schedules are defined by a smooth 
trace drawn through the specified speed vs. time relationships. They 
each consist of a distinct non-repetitive series of idle, acceleration, 
cruise, and deceleration modes of various time sequences and rates.
    (b) The driver should attempt to follow the target schedule as 
closely as possible (refer to Sec. 86.128-00 for additional cycle 
driving instructions). The speed tolerance at any given time for these 
schedules, or for a driver's aid chart approved by the Administrator, 
are as follows:
    (b)(1) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.115-78.

[61 FR 54891, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.115-78  EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.

    (a) The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule and the EPA New York 
City Cycle are listed in appendix I of this part. The driving schedules 
are defined by a smooth trace drawn through the specified speed vs. time 
relationships. They each consist of a distinct nonrepetitive series of 
idle, acceleration, cruise, and deceleration modes of various time 
sequences and rates.
    (b) The driver should attempt to follow the target schedule as 
closely as possible. The speed tolerance at any given time for these 
schedules, or for a driver's aid chart approved by the Administrator, 
are as follows:
    (1) The upper limit is 2 mph (3.2 km/h) higher than the highest 
point on the trace within 1 second of the given time.
    (2) The lower limit is 2 mph (3.2 km/h) lower than the lowest point 
on the trace within 1 second of the given time.

[[Page 428]]

    (3)(i) Speed variations greater than the tolerances (such as may 
occur during gear changes or braking spikes) are acceptable, provided 
they occur for less than 2 seconds on any occasion and are clearly 
documented as to the time and speed at that point of the driving 
schedule.
    (ii) When conducted to meet the requirements of Sec. 86.129-94 or 
Sec. 86.153-98(d), up to three additional occurrences of speed 
variations greater than the tolerance are acceptable, provided they 
occur for less than 15 seconds on any occasion, and are clearly 
documented as to the time and speed at that point of the driving 
schedule.
    (4) Speeds lower than those prescribed are acceptable, provided the 
vehicle is operated at maximum available power during such occurrences.
    (5) When conducted to meet the requirements of Sec. 86.129-94, 
Sec. 86.132-96, Sec. 86.146-96, or Sec. 86.153-98(d), the speed 
tolerance shall be as specified above, except that the upper and lower 
limits shall be 4 mph (6.4 km/h).
    (c) Figures B78-4(a) and B78-4(b) show the range of acceptable speed 
tolerances for typical points. Figure B78-4(a) is typical of portions of 
the speed curve which are increasing or decreasing throughout the 2-
second time interval. Figure B78-4(b) is typical of portions of the 
speed curve which include a maximum or minimum value.

[[Page 429]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.155

[42 FR 32954, June 28, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52920, Nov. 14, 1978; 
58 FR 16030, Mar. 24, 1993; 59 FR 16296, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.116-90  Calibrations, frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in Sec. 86.117 
through Sec. 86.126.
    (b) At least yearly or after any maintenance which could alter 
background emission levels, evaporative enclosure background emission 
measurements shall be performed.

[[Page 430]]

    (c) At least monthly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) Calibrate the hydrocarbon analyzers (both evaporative and 
exhaust instruments), carbon dioxide analyzer, carbon monoxide analyzer, 
oxides of nitrogen analyzer, methanol analyzer, and formaldehyde 
analyzer (certain analyzers may require more frequent calibration 
depending on particular equipment and uses).
    (2) Calibrate the dynamometer. If the dynamometer receives a weekly 
performance check (and remains within calibration) the monthly 
calibration need not be performed.
    (3) Perform a hydrocarbon and methanol (if methanol fuel is used) 
retention check and calibration on the evaporative emission enclosure.
    (4) Calibrate the gas meters or flow instrumentation used for 
providing total flow measurement for particulate sampling.
    (d) At least weekly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) Check the oxides of nitrogen converter efficiency, and
    (2) Perform a CVS system verification.
    (3) Run a performance check on the dynamometer. This check may be 
omitted if the dynamometer has been calibrated within the preceeding 
month.
    (e) The CVS positive displacement pump or Critical Flow Venturi 
shall be calibrated following initial installation, major maintenance, 
or as necessary when indicated by the CVS system verification (described 
in Sec. 86.119).
    (f) Sample conditioning columns, if used in the CO analyzer train, 
should be checked at a frequency consistent with observed column life or 
when the indicator of the column packing begins to show deterioration.

[54 FR 14516, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.116-94  Calibrations, frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in Sec. 86.117 
through Sec. 86.126.
    (b) At least yearly or after any maintenance which could alter 
background emission levels, evaporative enclosure background emission 
measurements shall be performed.
    (c) At least monthly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) Calibrate the THC analyzers (both evaporative and exhaust 
instruments), methane analyzer, carbon dioxide analyzer, carbon monoxide 
analyzer, and oxides of nitrogen analyzer (certain analyzers may require 
more frequent calibration depending on particular equipment and uses).
    (2) Calibrate the dynamometer. If the dynamometer receives a weekly 
performance check (and remains within calibration) the monthly 
calibration need not be performed.
    (3) Perform an organic gas retention and calibration on the 
evaporative emissions enclosure (see Sec. 86.117-90(c)).
    (4) Calibrate the gas meters or flow instrumentation used for 
providing total flow measurement for particulate sampling.
    (5) Check the oxides of nitrogen converter efficiency.
    (d) At least weekly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Perform a CVS system verification, and
    (3) Run a performance check on the dynamometer. This check may be 
omitted if the dynamometer has been calibrated within the preceding 
month.
    (e) The CVS positive displacement pump or Critical Flow Venturi 
shall be calibrated following initial installation, major maintenance, 
or as necessary when indicated by the CVS system verification (described 
in Sec. 86.119).
    (f) Sample conditioning columns, if used in the CO analyzer train, 
should be checked at a frequency consistent with observed column life or 
when the indicator of the column packing begins to show deterioration.
    (g) The Administrator, upon request, may waive the requirement to 
comply with the specified methanol recovery tolerance (e.g., 
2 percent in Secs. 86.117-90 and 86.119-90), and/or the 
specified methanol retention tolerance (e.g., 4

[[Page 431]]

percent in Sec. 86.117-90), and instead require compliance with higher 
tolerances (not to exceed 6 percent for recoveries and 
8 for retention), provided that:
    (1) The Administrator determines that compliance with these 
specified tolerances is not practically feasible; and
    (2) The manufacturer makes information available to the 
Administrator which indicates that the calibration tests and their 
results are consistent with good laboratory practice, and that the 
results are consistent with the results of calibration testing conducted 
by the Administrator.

[56 FR 25774, June 5, 1991, as amended at 58 FR 58422, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 
FR 33913, July 1, 1994; 60 FR 34342, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.117-90  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

    The calibration of the evaporative emission enclosure consists of 
three parts: Initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of 
enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol 
retention check and calibration. Methanol measurements may be omitted 
when methanol-fueled vehicles will not be tested in the evaporative 
enclosure.
    (a) Initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions. Prior to its introduction into service, annually thereafter, 
and after any repair which can affect the enclosure background 
emissions, the enclosure shall be checked to determine that it does not 
contain materials which will themselves emit hydrocarbons or methanol.* 
Proceed as follows:
    *Note: When methanol as well as hydrocarbons are present in the 
evaporative enclosure, the HFID hydrocarbon concentration measurement 
includes the partial response of the HFID to methanol plus the 
hydrocarbons. Determination of the HFID response to methanol, 
Sec. 86.121, prior to its being placed in service is required for the 
determination of hydrocarbons.
    (1) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.
    (2) Purge the enclosure until a stable background hydrocarbon 
reading is obtained.
    (3) Turn on the mixing blower (if not already on).
    (4) Seal enclosure and measure background hydrocarbon concentration, 
background methanol, temperature, and barometric pressure. These are the 
initial readings CHCi, CCH3OHi, and 
PBi, Ti, for the enclosure background 
determination.
    (5) Allow the enclosure to stand undisturbed without sampling for 
four hours.
    (6) Measure the hydrocarbon concentration on the same FID and the 
methanol level. These are the final concentrations, CHCf and 
CCH3OHf. Also measure final temperature and barometric 
pressure.
    (7) Calculate the mass change of methanol, hydrocarbons, and 
hydrocarbons plus methanol in the enclosure according to the equations 
in paragraph (d) of this section. The enclosure background emissions 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol) shall not be greater than 0.4g for the 4 
hours.
    (b) Initial determination of enclosure internal volume. Prior to its 
introduction into service the enclosure internal volume shall be 
determined by the following procedure:
    (1) Carefully measure the internal length, width and height of the 
enclosure, accounting for irregularities (such as braces) and calculate 
the internal volume.
    (2) Perform an enclosure calibration check according to paragraphs 
(c) (1) through (7) of this section.
    (3) If the calculated mass does not agree within 2 percent of the 
injected propane mass, then corrective action is required.
    (c) Hydrocarbon and methanol (organic gas) retention check and 
calibration. The hydrocarbon and methanol (if the enclosure is used for 
methanol-fueled vehicles) retention check provides a check upon the 
calculated volume and also measures the leak rate. Prior to its 
introduction into service and at least monthly thereafter (the methanol 
check can be performed less frequently, provided it is performed at 
least twice annually) the enclosure leak rate shall be determined as 
follows:
    (1) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.

[[Page 432]]

    (2) Purge the enclosure until a stable background hydrocarbon 
reading is obtained.
    (3) Turn on the mixing blower (if not already on).
    (4) Seal enclosure and measure background hydrocarbon concentration, 
background methanol, temperature, and barometric pressure. These are the 
initial readings CHCi, CCH3OHi, Ti and 
PBi for the enclosure calibration.
    (5) Inject into the enclosure a known quantity of pure propane (4g 
is a convenient quantity) and a known quantity of pure methanol (4g is a 
convenient quantity) in gaseous form; i.e., at a temperature of at least 
150-155  deg.F (65-68  deg.C). The propane and methanol may be measured 
by volume flow or by mass measurement. The method used to measure the 
propane and methanol shall have an accuracy of 0.5 percent 
of the measured value (less accurate methods may be used with the 
advanced approval of the Administrator). The methanol and propane tests 
do not need to be conducted simultaneously.
    (6) After a minimum of 5 minutes of mixing, analyze the enclosure 
atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content, also record temperature 
and pressure. These measurements are the final readings for the 
enclosure calibration as well as the initial readings for the retention 
check.
    (7) To verify the enclosure calibration, calculate the mass of 
propane and the mass of methanol using the measurements taken in steps 
(4) and (6) (see paragraph (d) of this section). This quantity must be 
within 2 percent of that measured in step 5 above. (For 
1991-1995 calendar years, the difference may exceed 2 
percent for methanol, provided it does not exceed 8 percent 
for 1991 testing and 6 percent for 1992-1995 testing.)
    (8) Allow the enclosure to remain sealed for a minimum of 4 hours, 
analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content; 
record temperature and barometric pressure. These are the final readings 
for the hydrocarbon and methanol retention check.
    (9) Calculate, using the equations in paragraph (d) of this section 
and the readings taken in step (8), the hydrocarbon and methanol mass. 
It may not differ by more than 4 percent of the value in 
step (6). (For 1991-1995 calendar years, the difference may exceed 
4 percent for methanol, provided it does not exceed 
8 percent for 1991 testing and 6 percent for 
1992-1995 testing.)
    (d) Calculations. (1) The calculation of net methanol and 
hydrocarbon mass change is used to determine enclosure background and 
leak rate. It is also used to check the enclosure volume measurements. 
The methanol mass change is calculated from the initial and final 
methanol samples, temperature and pressure according to the following 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.014


Where:
(i) MCH3OH=Methanol mass change,  g.
(ii) V=Enclosure volume, ft3, as measured in paragraph (b)(1) 
of this section.
(iii) TE=Temperature of sample withdrawn,  deg.R.
(iv) TSHED=Temperature of SHED,  deg.R.
(v) VE=Volume of sample withdrawn, ft3.
(vi) PB=Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. Hg.
(vii) CMS=GC concentration of test sample.
(viii) AV=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger (ml).
(ix) i=Initial sample.

[[Page 433]]

(x) f=Final sample.
(xi) 1=First impinger.
(xii) 2=Second impinger.
    (2) The hydrocarbon mass change is calculated from the initial and 
final FID readings of hydrocarbon concentration, methanol concentration 
with FID response to methanol, temperature, and pressure according to 
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.015


Where:
(i) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
(ii) CHC=FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm carbon 
including FID response to methanol in the sample.
(iii) CCH3OH=Methanol concentration as ppm carbon
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.016

(iv) V=Enclosure volume ft\3\ (m\3\), as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section.
(v) r=FID response factor to methanol.
(vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa).
(vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature,  deg.R( deg.K).
(viii) i=Indicates initial reading.
(ix) f=Indicates final reading.
(x)(A) k=3.05.
(B) For SI units, k=17.60.
    Note: Hydrocarbon concentration is stated in ppm carbon, that is, 
ppm propane  x  3. Expressions in parentheses are for SI units.

[54 FR 14516, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34342, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.117-96  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

    The calibration of evaporative emission enclosures consists of three 
parts: initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of 
enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol 
retention check and calibration. Methanol measurements may be omitted if 
methanol-fueled vehicles will not be tested in the evaporative 
enclosure. Alternate calibration methods may be used if shown to yield 
equivalent or superior results, and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator; specifically, more extreme temperatures may be used for 
determining calibration without affecting the validity of test results.
    (a) Initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions. Prior to its introduction into service, annually thereafter, 
and after any repair that can affect the enclosure background emissions, 
the enclosure shall be checked to determine that it does not contain 
materials that will themselves emit hydrocarbons or methanol. When 
methanol as well as hydrocarbons are present in the evaporative 
enclosure, the HFID hydrocarbon concentration measurement includes the 
partial response of the HFID to methanol plus the hydrocarbons. 
Determination of the HFID response to methanol, Sec. 86.121, prior to 
its being placed in service is required for the determination of 
hydrocarbons. Proceed as follows:
    (1) Prepare the enclosure. (i) Variable-volume enclosures may be 
operated in either latched or unlatched volume configuration, as 
described in

[[Page 434]]

paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Ambient temperatures shall be 
maintained at 963  deg.F throughout the 4-hour period.
    (ii) Fixed-volume enclosures may be operated with inlet and outlet 
flow streams either closed or open; if inlet and outlet flow streams are 
open, the air flowing into and out of the enclosure must be monitored in 
accordance with Sec. 86.107-96(a)(1)(ii)(B). Ambient temperatures shall 
be maintained at 963  deg.F throughout the 4-hour period.
    (iii) For running loss enclosures ambient temperatures shall be 
maintained at 953  deg.F throughout the 4-hour period. For 
running loss enclosures designed with a vent for makeup air, the 
enclosure shall be operated with the vent closed.
    (2) The enclosure may be sealed and the mixing fan operated for a 
period of up to 12 hours before the 4-hour background sampling period 
begins.
    (3) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.
    (4) Prior to the background determination, purge the enclosure until 
a stable background hydrocarbon reading is obtained.
    (5) Turn on the mixing blower (if not already on).
    (6) Seal enclosure and measure background hydrocarbon concentration, 
background methanol, temperature, and barometric pressure.
    These are the initial readings CHCi, 
CCH3OHi, and PBi, Ti for the 
enclosure background determination.
    (7) Allow the enclosure to stand undisturbed for four hours.
    (8) Measure the hydrocarbon concentration on the same FID and the 
methanol level. These are the final concentrations, CHCf and 
CCH3OHf. Also measure final temperature and 
barometric pressure.
    (9) Calculate the mass change of methanol, hydrocarbons, and 
hydrocarbons plus methanol in the enclosure according to the equations 
in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (i) Diurnal enclosures. The enclosure background emissions 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol) shall not be greater than 0.05g for the 4 
hours.
    (ii) Running loss enclosures. The enclosure background emissions 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol) shall not be greater than 0.2 grams for the 
4 hours.
    (b) Initial determination of enclosure internal volume. Prior to its 
introduction into service the enclosure internal volume shall be 
determined by the following procedure:
    (1) Carefully measure the internal length, width and height of the 
enclosure, accounting for irregularities (such as braces) and calculate 
the internal volume. For variable-volume enclosures, latch the enclosure 
to a fixed volume when the enclosure is held at a constant temperature; 
this nominal volume shall be repeatable within 0.5 percent 
of the reported value.
    (2)-(3) [Reserved]
    (c) Hydrocarbon and methanol (organic gas) retention check and 
calibration. The hydrocarbon and methanol (if the enclosure is used for 
methanol-fueled vehicles) retention check provides a check upon the 
calculated volume and also measures the leak rate. The enclosure leak 
rate shall be determined prior to its introduction into service, 
following any modifications or repairs to the enclosure that may affect 
the integrity of the enclosure, and at least monthly thereafter. (The 
methanol check can be performed less frequently, provided it is 
performed at least twice annually.) If six consecutive monthly retention 
checks are successfully completed without corrective action, the 
enclosure leak rate may be determined quarterly thereafter as long as no 
corrective action is required.
    (1) An enclosure to be used for the diurnal emission test (see 
Sec. 86.133-96) shall be calibrated according to the following 
procedure. Calibration for hydrocarbon and methanol may be conducted 
simultaneously or in sequential test runs.
    (i) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.
    (ii) Purge the enclosure until a stable background hydrocarbon 
reading is obtained.
    (iii) Turn on the mixing blowers (if not already on).
    (iv) [Reserved]
    (v) Turn on the ambient temperature control system (if not already 
on) and adjust it for an initial temperature of

[[Page 435]]

96  deg.F (36  deg.C). On variable-volume enclosures, latch the 
enclosure to the appropriate volume position for the set temperature. On 
fixed-volume enclosures close the outlet and inlet flow streams.
    (vi) When the enclosure stabilizes at 963  deg.F 
(362  deg.C), seal the enclosure and measure background 
hydrocarbon concentration, background methanol, temperature, and 
barometric pressure. These are the initial readings CHCi, 
CCH3OHi, Ti, and PBi for the 
enclosure calibration.
    (vii) Inject into the enclosure 2 to 6 grams of pure methanol at a 
temperature of at least 150  deg.F (65  deg.C) and/or 2 to 6 grams of 
pure propane. The injected quantity may be measured by volume flow or by 
mass measurement. The method used to measure the quantity of methanol 
and propane shall have an accuracy of 0.2 percent of the 
measured value (less accurate methods may be used with the advance 
approval of the Administrator).
    (viii) After a minimum of 5 minutes of mixing, analyze the enclosure 
atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content, also record temperature 
and pressure. These measurements are the final readings for the 
enclosure calibration as well as the initial readings for the retention 
check.
    (ix) To verify the enclosure calibration, calculate the mass of 
propane and the mass of methanol using the measurements taken in 
paragraphs (c)(1)(vi) and (viii) of this section. See paragraph (d) of 
this section. This quantity must be within 2 percent of that 
measured in paragraph (c)(1)(vii) of this section. (For 1991-1995 
calendar years, the difference may exceed 2 percent for 
methanol, provided it does not exceed 6 percent.)
    (x) For variable-volume enclosures, unlatch the enclosure from the 
nominal volume configuration. For fixed-volume enclosures, open the 
outlet and inlet flow streams.
    (xi) Start cycling the ambient temperature from 96  deg.F to 72 
deg.F and back to 96  deg.F over a 24-hour period, according to the 
profile specified in Sec. 86.133-96 and appendix II of this part, within 
15 minutes of sealing the enclosure.
    (xii) At the completion of the 24-hour cycling period, analyze the 
enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content; determine the 
net withdrawn methanol (in the case of diurnal emission testing with 
fixed volume enclosures); record temperature and barometric pressure. 
These are the final readings for the hydrocarbon and methanol retention 
check. The final hydrocarbon and methanol mass, calculated in paragraph 
(d) of this section, shall be within three percent of that determined in 
paragraph (c)(1)(viii) of this section. (For 1991-1995 calendar years, 
the difference may exceed 3 percent for methanol, provided 
it does not exceed 6 percent.)
    (2) An enclosure to be used for the running loss test (see 
Sec. 86.134-96) shall meet the calibration and retention requirements of 
Sec. 86.117-90(c).
    (3) Enclosures calibrated according to the procedures specified in 
either paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section may be used for hot 
soak testing (see Sec. 86.138).
    (d) Calculations. (1) The calculation of net methanol and 
hydrocarbon mass change is used to determine enclosure background and 
leak rate. It is also used to check the enclosure volume measurements. 
The methanol mass change is calculated from the initial and final 
methanol samples, the net withdrawn methanol (in the case of diurnal 
emission testing with fixed-volume enclosures), and initial and final 
temperature and pressure according to the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.017


Where:
(i) MCH3OH=Methanol mass change,  g.
(ii) V=Enclosure volume, ft3, as measured in paragraph (b)(1) 
of this section.

[[Page 436]]

(iii) [Reserved].
(iv) [Reserved].
(v) VE=Volume of sample withdrawn, ft3. Sample 
volumes must be corrected for differences in temperature to be 
consistent with determination of Vn, prior to being used in 
the equation.
(vi) PB=Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. Hg.
(vii) CMS=GC concentration of test sample.
(viii) AV=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger (ml).
(ix) i=Initial sample.
(x) f=Final sample.
(xii) 1=First impinger.
(xiii) 2=Second impinger.
(xiv) MCH3OH,out=mass of methanol exiting the enclosure, in 
the case of fixed volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, 
 g.
(xv) MCH3OH,in=mass of methanol exiting the enclosure, in the 
case of fixed volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing,  
g.
    (2) The hydrocarbon mass change is calculated from the initial and 
final FID readings of hydrocarbon concentration, methanol concentration 
with FID response to methanol, the net withdrawn hydrocarbon and 
methanol (in the case of diurnal emission testing with fixed-volume 
enclosures), and initial and final temperature and pressure according to 
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.018


Where,
    (i) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (ii) CHC=FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm carbon, 
that is, ppm propane  x  3, including FID response to methanol in the 
sample.
    (iii) CCH3OH=Methanol concentration as ppm carbon
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.019
    
    (iv) V=Enclosure volume ft\3\ (m\3\), as measured in paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section.
    (v) r=FID response factor to methanol.
    (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa).
    (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K).
    (viii) i=Indicates initial reading.
    (ix) f=Indicates final reading.
    (x)(A) k=3.05.
    (B) For SI units, k=17.60.
    (xi) MHC,out=mass of hydrocarbon exiting the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (xii) MHC,in=mass of hydrocarbon entering the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (3) For variable-volume enclosures, defined in Sec. 86.107(a)(1)(i), 
the following simplified form of the hydrocarbon mass change equation 
may be used:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.020


[[Page 437]]


    (e) Calibration of equipment for point-source testing of running 
losses. For the point-source method, the running loss fuel vapor 
sampling system shall be calibrated as a CVS system, as specified in 
Sec. 86.119, with the additional specification that the vapor sampling 
system verification be conducted as follows:
    (1) The following ``gravimetric'' technique can be used to verify 
that the vapor sampling system and analytical instruments can accurately 
measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system. If the 
vapor sampling system will be used only in the testing of petroleum-
fueled engines, the system verification may be performed using propane. 
If the vapor sampling system will be used with methanol-fueled vehicles 
as well as petroleum-fueled vehicles, the system verification 
performance check must include a methanol check in addition to the 
propane check. (Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow 
metering using critical flow orifice devices.)
    (i) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane 
gas. Obtain another small cylinder that has been charged with pure 
methanol if the system will be used for methanol-fueled vehicle testing. 
Since this cylinder will be heated to 150-155  deg.F, care must be taken 
to ensure that the liquid volume of methanol placed in the cylinder does 
not exceed approximately one-half of the total volume of the cylinder.
    (ii) Determine a reference cylinder weight to the nearest 0.01 
grams.
    (iii) Operate the vapor sampling system in the normal manner and 
release a known quantity of pure propane into the most frequently used 
fuel vapor collector during the sampling period (approximately 5 
minutes).
    (iv) Continue to operate the vapor sampling system in the normal 
manner and release a known quantity of pure methanol into the system 
during the sampling period (approximately 5 minutes).
    (v) The calculations of Sec. 86.144 are performed in the normal way, 
except in the case of propane. The density of propane (17.30 g/
ft3/carbon atom (0.6109 kg/m3/carbon atom)) is 
used in place of the density of exhaust hydrocarbons. In the case of 
methanol, the density of 37.71 g/ft3 (1.332 kg/m3) 
is used.
    (vi) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the vapor sampling 
system measured mass and then divided by the gravimetric mass to 
determine the percent accuracy of the system.
    (vii) The cause for any discrepancy greater than 2 
percent must be found and corrected.
    (2) This procedure shall be conducted in the point-source running 
loss test environment with the collector installed in a vehicle in the 
normal test configuration. The fuel of the test vehicle shall either be 
diesel, or it shall be kept under 100  deg.F (38  deg.C). Two to six 
grams of pure propane and two to six grams of pure methanol shall be 
injected into the collector while the vehicle is operated over one Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), as described in Sec. 86.115 and 
appendix I of this part. The propane and methanol injections shall be 
conducted at the ambient temperature of 955  deg.F 
(353  deg.C).

[58 FR 16030, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 34343, June 30, 1995; 
60 FR 43890, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.118-00  Dynamometer calibrations.

    (a) The dynamometer shall be calibrated at least once each month or 
performance verified at least once each week and then calibrated as 
required.
    (b) For large single roll electric dynamometers or equivalent 
dynamometer configurations, the dynamometer adjustment settings for each 
vehicle's emission test sequence shall be verified by comparing the 
force imposed during dynamometer operation with actual road load force.

[61 FR 54891, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.118-78  Dynamometer calibration.

    (a) The dynamometer shall be calibrated at least once each month or 
performance verified at least once each week and then calibrated as 
required. The calibration shall consist of the manufacturer's 
recommended calibration procedure plus a determination of the 
dynamometer frictional power absorption at 50.0 mph (80.5 km/h). One 
method for determining dynamometer frictional power absorption at 50.0 
mph

[[Page 438]]

(80.5 km/h) is described below, other methods may be used if shown to 
yield equivalent results. The measured absorbed road power includes the 
dynamometer friction as well as the power absorbed by the power 
absorption unit. The dynamometer is driven above the test speed range. 
The device used to drive the dynamometer is then disengaged from the 
dynamometer and the roll(s) is (are) allowed to coast down. The kinetic 
energy of the system is dissipated by the dynamometer. This method 
neglects the variations in roll bearing friction due to the drive axle 
weight of the vehicle. The inertia of the free (rear) roll may be 
neglected in the case of dynamometers with paired rolls.
    (1) Devise a method to determine the speed of the drive roll if it 
is not already measured. A fifth wheel, revolution pickup, or other 
suitable means may be used.
    (2) Place a vehicle on the dynamometer or devise another method of 
driving the dynamometer.
    (3) Engage the inertial flywheel or other inertial simulation system 
for the most common vehicle mass category for which the dynamometer is 
used. In addition other vehicle mass categories may be calibrated, if 
desired.
    (4) Drive the dynamometer up to 50.0 mph (80.5 km/h).
    (5) Record indicated road power.
    (6) Drive the dynamometer up to 60.0 mph (96.9 km/h).
    (7) Disengage the device used to drive the dynamometer.
    (8) Record the time for the dynamometer drive roll to coastdown from 
55.0 mph (88.5 km/h) to 45 mph (72.4 km/h).
    (9) Adjust the power absorption unit to a different level.
    (10) Repeat steps (4) to (9) above sufficient times to cover the 
range of road power used.
    (11) Calculate absorbed road power (HPd). See paragraph 
(c) of this section.
    (12) Plot indicated road load power at 50 mph (80.5 km/h) versus 
road load power at 50 mph (80.5 km/h) as shown in Figure B78-5.

[[Page 439]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.156

    (b) The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer 
coastdown at one or more inertia-horsepower settings and comparing the 
coastdown time to that recorded during the last calibration. If the 
coastdown times differ by more than 1 s, a new calibration is required.
    (c) Calculations. The road load power actually absorbed by the 
dynamometer is calculated from the following equation:

HPd = (1/2) (W/32.2) (V21 - 
    V22)/(550t)

where:
HPd = Power, horsepower (kilowatts)
W = Equivalent inertia, 1b (kg)
V1 = Initial Velocity, ft/s (m/s) (55 mph = 88.5 km/h = 80.67 
ft/s = 24.58 m/s)
V2 = Final Velocity, ft/s (m/s) (45 mph = 72.4 km/h = 66 ft/s 
= 20.11 m/s)
t = elapsed time for rolls to coast from 55 mph to 45 mph (88.5 to 72.4 
m/h)

    (Expressions in parentheses are for SI units.) When the coastdown is 
from 55 to 45 mph (88.5 to 72.4 km/h) the above equation reduces to:

HPd = 0.06073 (W/t)


for SI units,

HPd = 0.09984 (W/t)


[42 FR 32954, June 28, 1977, as amended at 53 FR 475, Jan. 7, 1988]



Sec. 86.119-90  CVS calibration.

    The CVS is calibrated using an accurate flowmeter and restrictor 
valve. Measurements of various parameters are made and related to flow 
through the unit. Procedures used by EPA for both PDP and CFV are 
outlined below. Other procedures yielding equivalent results may be used 
if approved in advance by the Administrator. After the calibration curve 
has been obtained,

[[Page 440]]

verification of the entire system can be performed by injecting a known 
mass of gas into the system and comparing the mass indicated by the 
system to the true mass injected. An indicated error does not 
necessarily mean that the calibration is wrong, since other factors can 
influence the accuracy of the system, e.g., analyzer calibration. A 
verification procedure is found in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (a) PDP calibrations. (1) The following calibration procedure 
outlines the equipment, the test configuration, and the various 
parameters which must be measured to establish the flow rate of the CVS 
pump. All the parameters related to the pump are simultaneously measured 
with the parameters related to a flowmeter which is connected in series 
with the pump. The calculated flow rate ft\3\/min (at pump inlet 
absolute pressure and temperature) can then be plotted versus a 
correlation function which is the value on a specific combination of 
pump parameters. The linear equation which relates the pump flow and the 
correlation function is then determined. In the event that a CVS has a 
multiple speed drive, a calibration for each range used must be 
performed.
    (2) This calibration procedure is based on the measurement of the 
absolute values of the pump and flowmeter parameters that relate the 
flow rate at each point. Three conditions must be maintained to assure 
the accuracy and integrity of the calibration curve. First, the pump 
pressures should be measured at taps on the pump rather than at the 
external piping on the pump inlet and outlet. Pressure taps that are 
mounted at the top center and bottom center of the pump drive headplate 
are exposed to the actual pump cavity pressures, and therefore reflect 
the absolute pressure differentials. Secondly, temperature stability 
must be maintained during the calibration. The laminar flowmeter is 
sensitive to inlet temperature oscillations which cause the data points 
to be scattered. Gradual changes (2  deg.F (1.1  deg.C)) in 
temperature are acceptable as long as they occur over a period of 
several minutes. Finally, all connections between the flowmeter and the 
CVS pump must be absolutely void of any leakage.
    (3) During an exhaust emission test the measurement of these same 
pump parameters enables the user to calculate the flow rate from the 
calibration equation.
    (4) Connect a system as shown in Figure B90-8. Although particular 
types of equipment are shown, other configurations that yield equivalent 
results may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. For the 
system indicated, the following data with given accuracy are required:

                      Calibration Data Measurements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Parameter                Symbol       Units      Tolerances
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected).   PB            in. Hg     
                                                 (kPa)      0.01 in. Hg
                                                            (0.034 kPa)
Ambient temperature.............  TA              deg.F(   0
                                                 deg.C)     .5  deg.F
                                                            (.28  deg.C)
Air temperature into LFE........  ETI             deg.F(   0
                                                 deg.C)     .25  deg.F
                                                            (.14  deg.C)
Pressure depression upstream of   EPI           in. H2O    0
 LFE.                                            (kPa)      .05 in. H20
                                                            (0.012 kPa)
Pressure drop across the LFE      EDP           in. H2O    0
 matrix.                                         (kPa)      .005 in. H2O
                                                            (0.001 kPa)
Air temperature at CVS pump       PTI             deg.F(   0
 inlet.                                          deg.C)     .5  deg.F
                                                            (.3  deg.C)
Pressure depression at CVS pump   PPI           in. fluid  0
 inlet.                                          (kPa)      .05 in.
                                                            fluid (0.022
                                                            kPa)
Specific gravity of manometer     Sp. Gr.
 fluid (1.75 oil).
Pressure head at CVS pump outlet  PPO           in. fluid  0
                                                 (kPa)      .05 in.
                                                            fluid (0.022
                                                            kPa)
Air temperature at CVS pump       PTO             deg.F(   0
 outlet (optional).                              deg.C)     .5  deg.F
                                                            (.28  deg.C)
Pump revolutions during test      N             Revs       1
 period.                                                    Rev.
Elapsed time for test period....  t             sec        0
                                                            .05 sec.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 441]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.157

    (5) After the system has been connected as shown in Figure B90-8, 
set the variable restrictor in the wide open position and run the CVS 
pump for 20 minutes. Record the calibration data.
    (6) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an 
increment of pump inlet depression (about 4 in. H2O (1.0 kPa) 
that will yield a minimum of six data points for the total calibration. 
Allow the system to stabilize for 3 minutes and repeat the data 
acquisition.
    (7) Data analysis:
    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is 
calculated in standard cubic feet per minute from the flowmeter data 
using the manufacturer's prescribed method.
    (ii) The air flow rate is then converted to pump flow, 
Vo, in cubic feet per revolution at absolute pump inlet 
temperature and pressure:


[[Page 442]]


Vo = (Qs/n)  x  (Tp/528)  x  (29.92/
Pp)

Where:
(A) Vo = Pump flow ft\3\/rev (m\3\/rev) at Tp, 
Pp.
(B) Qs = Meter air flow rate in standard cubic feet per 
minute, standard conditions are 68  deg.F, 29.92 in. Hg (20  deg.C, 
101.3 kPa).
(C) n = Pump speed in revolutions per minute.
(D)(1) Tp = Pump inlet temperature,  deg.R( deg.K) = PTI + 
460.
    (2) For SI units, Tp = PTI + 273.
(E)(l) Pp = Absolute pump inlet pressure, in. Hg. (kPa) = 
PB - PPI (SP.GR./13.57).
(2) For SI units, Pp = PB - PPI.

Where:
(F) PB = barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa).
(G) PPI = Pump inlet depression, in. fluid (kPa).
(H) SP.GR. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid relative to water.
    (iii) The correlation function at each test point is then calculated 
from the calibration data:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.021


Where:
(A) Xo = correlation function.
(B)  Pp = the pressure differential from pump inlet 
to pump outlet, in. Hg (kPa) = Pe - Pp.
(C)(1) Pe = Absolute pump outlet pressure, in Hg, (kPa) = 
PB + PPO (SP.GR./13.57).

(2) For SI units, Pe = PB + PPO.

Where:
(D) PPO = Pressure head at pump outlet, in. fluid (kPa).
(iv) A linear least squares fit is performed to generate the calibration 
equations which have the forms:
Vo = Do - M(Xo)
n = A - B( Pp)

Do, M, A, and B are the slope-intercept constants describing 
lines.
    (8) A CVS system that has multiple speeds should be calibrated on 
each speed used. The calibration curves generated for the ranges will be 
approximately parallel and the intercept values, Do, will 
increase as the pump flow range decreases.
    (9) If the calibration has been performed carefully, the calculated 
values from the equation will be within 0.50 percent of the 
measured value of Vo. Values of M will vary from one pump to 
another, but values of Do for pumps of the same make, model, 
and range should agree within 3 percent of each other. 
Particulate influx from use will cause the pump slip to decrease as 
reflected by lower values for M. Calibrations should be performed at 
pump start-up and after major maintenance to assure the stability of the 
pump slip rate. Analysis of mass injection data will also reflect pump 
slip stability.
    (b) CFV calibration. (1) Calibration of the CFV is based upon the 
flow equation for a critical venturi. Gas flow is a function of inlet 
pressure and temperature:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.022


Where:

(i) Qs=Flow.
(ii) Kv=Calibration coefficient.
(iii) P=Absolute pressure.
(iv) T=Absolute temperature.

The calibration procedure described below establishes the value of the 
calibration coefficient at measured values of pressure, temperature and 
air flow.
    (2) The manufacturer's recommended procedure shall be followed for 
calibrating electronic portions of the CFV.
    (3) Measurements necessary for flow calibration are as follows:

[[Page 443]]



                                                              Calibration Data Measurements
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Parameter                                   Symbol                              Units                           Tolerances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected)........  Pb........................................  Inches Hg (kPa).........  .01 in Hg (.034
                                                                                                                kPa)
Air temperature, flowmeter.............  ETI.......................................   deg.F ( deg.C).........  .25 deg.F (.14
                                                                                                                deg.C)
Pressure depression upstream of LFE....  EPI.......................................  Inches H2O (kPa)........  .05 in H2O (.012
                                                                                                                kPa)
Pressure drop across LFE matrix........  EDP.......................................  Inches H2O (kPa)........  .005 in H2O (.001
                                                                                                                kPa)
Air flow...............................  Qs........................................  Ft3/min. (m3/min,)......  .5 pct
CFV inlet depression...................  PPI.......................................  Inches fluid (kPa)......  .13 in fluid (.055 kPa)
CFV outlet pressure....................  PPO.......................................  Inches Hg (kPa).........  0.05 in. Hg (0.17
                                                                                                                kPa)1
Temperature at venturi inlet...........  Tv........................................   deg.F ( deg.C).........  0.5 deg.F (0.28
                                                                                                                deg.C)
Specific gravity of manometer fluid      Sp. Gr....................................
 (1.75 oil).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Requirement begins August 20, 2001.


[[Page 444]]

    (4) Set up equipment as shown in Figure B90-9 and check for leaks. 
Any leaks between the flow measuring device and the critical flow 
venturi will seriously affect the accuracy of the calibration.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.199

    (5) Set the variable flow restrictor to the open position, start the 
blower, and allow the system to stabilize. Record data from all 
instruments.
    (6) Vary the flow restrictor and make at least 8 readings across the 
critical flow range of the venturi.
    (7) Data analysis: The data recorded during the calibration are to 
be used in the following calculations:

[[Page 445]]

    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is 
calculated in standard cubic feet per minute from the flow meter data 
using the manufacturer's prescribed method.
    (ii) Calculate values of the calibration coefficient for each test 
point:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.023


Where:
(A) Qs = Flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute, 
standard conditions are 68  deg.F 29.92 in. Hg (20  deg.C, 101.3 kPa).
(B) Tv = Temperature at venturi inlet,  deg.R( deg.K).
(C)(1) Pv = Pressure at venturi inlet, mm Hg (kPa) = 
PB - PPI (SP.GR./13.57).
(2) For SI units, Pv = PB - PPI.

Where:
(D) PPI = Venturi inlet pressure depression, in. fluid (kPa).
(E) SP.GR. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid, relative to water.
    (iii) Plot Kv as a function of venturi inlet pressure. 
For sonic flow Kv will have a relatively constant value. As 
pressure decreases (vacuum increases), the venturi becomes unchoked and 
Kv decreases. See Figure B90-10.

[[Page 446]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.200

    (iv) For a minimum of 8 points in the critical region calculate an 
average Kv and the standard deviation.
    (v) If the standard deviation exceeds 0.3 percent of the average 
Kv take corrective action.
    (8) Calculation of a parameter for monitoring sonic flow in the CFV 
during exhaust emissions tests:
    (i) Option 1. (A) CFV pressure ratio. Based upon the calibration 
data selected to meet the criteria for paragraphs (d)(7) (iv) and (v) of 
this section, in which Kv is constant, select the data values 
associated with the calibration point with the lowest absolute venturi

[[Page 447]]

inlet pressure. With this set of calibration data, calculated the 
following CFV pressure ratio limit, Prratio-lim:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18FE00.022



Where:

Pin-cal = Venturi inlet pressure (PPI in absolute pressure 
units), and

Pout-cal = Venturi outlet pressure (PPO in absolute pressure 
units), measured at the exit of the venturi diffuser outlet.

    (B) The venturi pressure ratio (Prratio-i) during all 
emissions tests must be less than, or equal to, the calibration pressure 
ratio limit (Prratio-lim) derived from the CFV calibration 
data, such that:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18FE00.023



Where:
Pin-i and Pout-i are the venturi inlet and outlet 
    pressures, in absolute pressure units, at each i-th interval during 
    the emissions test.

    (ii) Option 2. Other methods: With prior Administrator approval, any 
other method may be used that assure that the venturi operates at sonic 
conditions during emissions tests, provided the method is based upon 
sound engineering principles.
    (c) CVS System Verification. The following ``gravimetric'' technique 
can be used to verify that the CVS and analytical instruments can 
accurately measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system. 
If the CVS and analytical system will be used only in the testing of 
petroleum-fueled engines, the system verification may be performed using 
either propane or carbon monoxide. If the CVS and analytical system will 
be used with methanol-fueled vehicles as well as petroleum-fueled 
vehicles, system verification performance check must include a methanol 
check in addition to either the propane or carbon monoxide check. 
(Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow metering using 
critical flow orifice devices.)
    (1) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane 
or carbon monoxide gas (CAUTION--carbon monoxide is poisonous).
    (2) Determine a reference cylinder weight to the nearest 0.01 grams.
    (3) Operate the CVS in the normal manner and release a quantity of 
pure propane or carbon monoxide into the system during the sampling 
period (approximately 5 minutes).
    (4) Following completion of step (3) in this paragraph (c) (if 
methanol injection is required), continue to operate the CVS in the 
normal manner and release a known quantity of pure methanol (in gaseous 
form) into the system during the sampling period (approximately five 
minutes). This step does not need to be performed with each 
verification, provided that it is performed at least twice annually.
    (5) The calculations of Sec. 86.144 are performed in the normal way, 
except in the case of propane. The density of propane (17.30 g/ft\3\/
carbon atom (0.6109 kg/m\3\/carbon atom)) is used in place of the 
density of exhaust hydrocarbons. In the case of carbon monoxide, the 
density of 32.97 g/ft\3\ (1.164 kg/m\3\) is used. In the case of 
methanol, the density of 37.71 g/ft\3\ (1.332 kg/m\3\) is used.
    (6) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the CVS measured mass 
and then divided by the gravimetric mass to determine the percent 
accuracy of the system.
    (7) The cause for any discrepancy greater than 2 percent 
must be found and corrected. (For 1991-1995 calendar years, 
discrepancies greater than 2 percent are allowed for the 
methanol test, provided that they do not exceed 8 percent 
for 1991 testing or 6 percent for 1992-1995 testing.)

[54 FR 14518, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34344, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47121, Sept. 5, 1997; 63 FR 24448, May 4, 1998; 65 FR 8278, Feb. 
18, 2000]



Sec. 86.120-82  Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration, particulate measurement.

    Sampling for particulate emissions requires the use of gas meters or 
flow instrumentation to measure flow through the particulate filters. 
The

[[Page 448]]

meters or instrumentation shall receive initial and periodic 
calibrations as follows:
    (a) Install a standard air flow measurement device upstream of the 
gas meter or instrument being calibrated. This standard device shall 
measure air flow at standard conditions with an accuracy of 
plus-minus1 percent. Standard conditions are defined as 68 
deg.F (20  deg.C) and 29.92 in. Hg (101.3 kPa). A critical flow orifice, 
a bellmouth, or a laminar flow element is recommended as the standard 
device.
    (b) Flow air through the calibration system at the sample flow rate 
used for particulate testing and at the backpressure which occurs during 
the sample test.
    (c) When the temperature and pressure in the system have stabilized, 
measure the gas meter or instrument indicated volume over a time period 
of at least 5 minutes and until a flow volume of at least 
plus-minus1 percent accuracy can be determined by the 
standard device. Record the stabilized air temperature and pressure 
upstream of the gas meter or instrument being calibrated and as required 
for the standard device.
    (d) Calculate air flow at standard conditions as measured by both 
the standard device and the gas meter or instrument being calibrated.
    (e) Repeat the procedures of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this 
section using flow rates which are 10 percent above the nominal sampling 
flow rate and 10 percent below the nominal sampling flow rate.
    (f) If the air flow at standard conditions measured by the gas meter 
or instrument being calibrated differs by more than 
plus-minus1 percent from the standard measurement at any of 
the three measured flow rates, then a correction shall be made by either 
of the following two methods:
    (1) Mechanically adjust the gas meter or instrument so that it 
agrees within 1 percent of the standard measurement at the three 
specified flow rates, or
    (2) Develop a continuous best fit calibration curve for the gas 
meter (as a function of the standard device flow measurement) from the 
three calibration points that represents the data to within 1 percent at 
all points to determine corrected flow.
    (g) Other systems. A bell prover may be used to calibrate the gas 
meter if the procedure outlined in ANSI B109.1-1973 is used. Prior 
approval by the Administrator is not required to use the bell prover.

[45 FR 14515, Mar. 5, 1980]



Sec. 86.120-94  Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate, methanol and formaldehyde measurement.

    (a) Sampling for particulate, methanol and formaldehyde emissions 
requires the use of gas meters or flow instrumentation to determine flow 
through the particulate filters, methanol impingers and formaldehyde 
impingers. These instruments shall receive initial and periodic 
calibrations as follows:
    (1)(i) Install a calibration device in series with the instrument. A 
critical flow orifice, a bellmouth nozzle, a laminar flow element or an 
NBS traceable flow calibration device is required as the standard 
device.
    (ii) The flow system should be checked for leaks between the 
calibration and sampling meters, including any pumps that may be part of 
the system, using good engineering practice.
    (2) Flow air through the calibration system at the sample flow rate 
used for particulate, methanol, and formaldehyde testing and at the 
backpressure which occurs during the test.
    (3) When the temperature and pressure in the system have stabilized, 
measure the indicated gas volume over a time period of at least five 
minutes or until a gas volume of at least 1 percent accuracy 
can be determined by the standard device. Record the stabilized air 
temperature and pressure upstream of the instrument and as required for 
the standard device.
    (4) Calculate air flow at standard conditions as measured by both 
the standard device and the instrument(s). (Standard conditions are 
defined as 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 29.92 in Hg (101.3 kPa).)
    (5) Repeat the procedures of paragraphs (a)(2) through (4) of this 
section using at least two flow rates which bracket the typical 
operating range.
    (6) If the air flow at standard conditions measured by the 
instrument differs by 1.0 percent of the maximum

[[Page 449]]

operating range or 2.0 percent of the point (whichever is 
smaller), then a correction shall be made by either of the following two 
methods:
    (i) Mechanically adjust the instrument so that it agrees with the 
calibration measurement at the specified flow rates using the criteria 
of paragraph (a)(6) of this section; or
    (ii) Develop a continuous best fit calibration curve for the 
instrument (as a function of the calibration device flow measurement) 
from the calibration points to determine corrected flow. The points on 
the calibration curve relative to the calibration device measurements 
must be within 1.0 percent of the maximum operating range of 
2.0 percent of the point (whichever is smaller).
    (b) Other systems. A bell prover may be used to calibrate the 
instrument if the procedure outlined in ANSI B109.1-1973 is used. Prior 
approval by the Administrator is not required to use the bell prover.

[60 FR 34344, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.121-82  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    The hydrocarbon analyzers shall receive the following initial and 
periodic calibration. The HFID shall be operated at a temperature of 
37510  deg.F (1916  deg.C).
    (a) Initial and periodic optimization of FID and HFID response. 
Prior to its introduction into service and at least annually thereafter, 
the FID and HFID hydrocarbon analyzers shall be adjusted for optimum 
hydrocarbon response. Alternate methods yielding equivalent results may 
be used, if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions or good engineering 
practice for instrument startup and basic operating adjustment using the 
appropriate fuel and zero-grade air.
    (2) Optimize on the most common operating range. Introduce into the 
analyzer a propane in air mixture with a propane concentration equal to 
approximately 90 percent of the most common operating range.
    (3) One of the following is required for FID or HFID optimization:
    (i) For all FIDs and HFIDs, the procedures specified by the 
applicable FID or HFID manufacturer.
    (ii) For Beckman 400 FIDs only, implementation of the 
recommendations outlined in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) paper 
No. 770141, ``Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector for 
Determination of Hydrocarbons in Diluted Automobile Exhaust;'' author, 
Glenn D. Reschke.
    (iii) For HFIDs only, the following peaking procedure. (A) With the 
fuel and air flow rates set at the manufacturer's recommendations, 
determine the analyzer response from the difference between the span-gas 
response and the zero gas response. Incrementally adjust the fuel flow 
above and below the manufacturer's specification. Record the span and 
zero response at these fuel flows. A plot of the difference between the 
span and zero response versus the fuel flow will be similar to the one 
shown in Fig. B87-11. Adjust the fuel-flow rate to the highest setting 
that produces the maximum analyzer response.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.158

    (B) To determine the optimum air flow, use the fuel flow setting 
determined in paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(A) of this section and vary air 
flow.
    (iv) Alternative procedures may be used if approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
    (4) After the optimum flow rates have been determined, record them 
for future reference.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter the FID or HFID hydrocarbon analyzers 
shall be calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges. Use the same 
flow rate as when analyzing samples.

[[Page 450]]

    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the hydrocarbon analyzer with zero-grade air.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with propane in 
air calibration gases having nominal concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 
75, and 90 percent of that range. For each range calibrated, if the 
deviation from a least squares best-fit straight line is 2 percent or 
less of the value at each data point, concentration values may be 
calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that range. If the 
deviation exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear 
equation which represents the data to within 2 percent of each test 
point shall be used to determine concentration.

[45 FR 14516, Mar. 5, 1980, as amended at 54 FR 2122, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.121-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    The hydrocarbon analyzers shall receive the following initial and 
periodic calibration. The HFID used with petroleum-fueled diesel 
vehicles shall be operated at a temperature of 375  deg.F10 
deg.F (191  deg.6  deg.C). The HFID used with methanol-
fueled vehicles shall be operated at 235  deg.15  deg.F 
(1138  deg.C).
    (a) Initial and periodic optimization of detector response. Prior to 
its introduction into service and at least annually thereafter, the FID 
and HFID hydrocarbon analyzers shall be adjusted for optimum hydrocarbon 
response. Alternate methods yielding equivalent results may be used, if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions or good engineering 
practice for instrument startup and basic operating adjustment using the 
appropriate FID fuel and zero-grade air.
    (2) Optimize on the most common operating range. Introduce into the 
analyzer a propane (methane as appropriate) in air mixture (methanol in 
air mixture for methanol-fueled vehicles when optional methanol 
calibrated HFID procedure is used during the 1994 model year) with a 
propane (or methane or methanol as appropriate) concentration equal to 
approximately 90 percent of the most common operating range.
    (3) One of the following is required for FID or HFID optimization:
    (i) For all FIDs and HFIDs, the procedures specified by the 
applicable FID or HFID manufacturer.
    (ii) For Beckman 400 FIDs only, implementation of the 
recommendations outlined in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) paper 
No. 770141, ``Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector for 
Determination of Hydrocarbons in Diluted Automobile Exhaust''; author, 
Glenn D. Reschke.
    (iii) For HFIDs only, the following peaking procedure. (A) With the 
fuel and air flow rates set in the manufacturer's recommendations, 
determine the analyzer response from the difference between the span-gas 
response and the zero gas response. Incrementally adjust the fuel flow 
above and below the manufacturer's specification. Record the span and 
zero response at these fuel flows. A plot of the difference between the 
span and zero response versus the fuel flow will be similar to the one 
shown in Fig. B87-11. Adjust the fuel-flow rate to the highest setting 
that produces the maximum analyzer response.
    (B) To determine the optimum air flow, use the fuel flow setting 
determined in paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(A) of this section and vary air 
flow.
    (iv) Alternative procedures may be used if approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
    (4) To determine the optimum air flow, use the FID fuel flow setting 
determined above and vary air flow.
    (5) After the optimum flow rates have been determined, record them 
for future reference.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter the FID or HFID hydrocarbon analyzers 
shall be calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges, and, if 
testing methanol vehicles under the procedure described in Sec. 86.107-
90(a)(2)(ii) or Sec. 86.110-90(a)(4), the methanol response factor shall 
be determined (paragraph (c) of this section). Use the same flow rate as 
when analyzing sample.
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the hydrocarbon analyzer with zero-grade air.

[[Page 451]]

    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with propane in 
air calibration gases (either methanol or methane in air as appropriate) 
having nominal concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 percent of 
that range. For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least 
squares best-fit straight line is two percent or less of the value at 
each data point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a 
single calibration factor for that range. If the deviation exceeds two 
percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear equation which represents 
the data to within two percent of each test point shall be used to 
determine concentration.
    (c) FID response factor to methanol. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of hydrocarbon samples containing methanol, the 
methanol response factor of the analyzer shall be established. The 
methanol response factor shall be determined at several concentrations 
in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample, using either bag 
samples or gas bottles meeting the requirements of Sec. 86.114.
    (1) The bag sample of methanol for analysis in the FID, if used, 
shall be prepared using the apparatus shown in Figure B90-11. A known 
volume of methanol is injected, using a microliter syringe, into the 
heated mixing zone (250  deg.F (121  deg.C)) of the apparatus. The 
methanol is vaporized and swept into the sample bag with a known volume 
of zero grade air measured by a gas flow meter meeting the performance 
requirements of Sec. 86.120.

[[Page 452]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.159

    (2) The bag sample is analyzed using the FID.
    (3) The FID response factor, r, is calculated as follows:
r = FIDppm/SAMppm

Where:
    (i) r = FID response factor.

[[Page 453]]

    (ii) FIDppm = FID reading in ppmC.
    (iii) SAMppm=methanol concentration in the sample bag, or gas 
bottle, in ppmC. SAMppm for sample bags
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.024


Where:
    (iv) 0.02406 = Volume of one mole at 29.92 in. Hg and 68  deg.F, 
m\3\.
    (v) Fuel injected = Volume of methanol injected, ml.
    (vi) Fuel density = Density of methanol, 0.7914 g/ml.
    (vii) Air volume = Volume of zero grade air, m\3\.
    (viii) Mol. Wt. CH3OH = 32.04.
    (d) FID response factor to methane. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of natural gas-fueled vehicle hydrocarbon samples, 
the methane response factor of the analyzer shall be established. To 
determine the total hydrocarbon FID response to methane, known methane 
in air concentrations traceable to the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology (NIST) shall be analyzed by the FID. Several methane 
concentrations shall be analyzed by the FID in the range of 
concentrations in the exhaust sample. The total hydrocarbon FID response 
to methane is calculated as follows:
rCH4=FIDppm/SAMppm

Where:
    (1) rCH4=FID response factor to methane.
    (2) FIDppm=FID reading in ppmC.
    (3) SAMppm=the known methane concentration in ppmC.

[54 FR 14525, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48508, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34345, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.122-78  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.

    The NDIR carbon monoxide analyzer shall receive the following 
initial and periodic calibrations:
    (a) Initial and periodic interference check. Prior to its 
introduction into service and annually thereafter the NDIR carbon 
monoxide analyzer shall be checked for response to water vapor and 
CO2:
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument 
startup and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance on 
the most sensitive range to be used.
    (2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Bubble a mixture of 3 percent CO2 in N2 
through water at room temperature and record analyzer response.
    (4) An analyzer response of more than 1 percent of full scale for 
ranges above 300 ppm full scale or of more than 3 ppm on ranges below 
300 ppm full scale will require corrective action. (Use of conditioning 
columns is one form of corrective action which may be taken.)
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter the NDIR carbon monoxide analyzer shall 
be calibrated.
    (1) Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with carbon 
monoxide in N2 calibration gases having nominal 
concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range. 
Additional calibration points may be generated. For each range 
calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line 
is 2 percent or less of the value at each data point, concentration 
values may be calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that 
range. If the deviation exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit 
non-linear equation which represents the data to within 2 percent of 
each test point shall be used to determine concentration.



Sec. 86.123-78  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.

    The chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen analyzer shall receive the 
following initial and periodic calibration.
    (a) Prior to introduction into service and at least monthly 
thereafter the chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen analyzer must be 
checked for NO2 to NO converter efficiency. Figure B78-9 is a 
reference for paragraphs (a) (1) through (11) of this section.
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument startup 
and

[[Page 454]]

operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Connect the outlet of the NOX generator to the sample 
inlet of the oxides of nitrogen analyzer which has been set to the most 
common operating range.
    (4) Introduce into the NOX generator analyzer-system an 
NO in nitrogen (N2) mixture with an NO concentration equal to 
approximately 80 percent of the most common operating range. The 
NO2 content of the gas mixture shall be less than 5 percent 
of the NO concentration.
    (5) With the oxides of nitrogen analyzer in the NO mode, record the 
concentration of NO indicated by the analyzer.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.160


[[Page 455]]


    (6) Turn on the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply and adjust the O2 (or air) flow rate so that the NO 
indicated by the analyzer is about 10 percent less than indicated in 
step (5). Record the concentration of NO in this NO + O2 
mixture.
    (7) Switch the NOX generator to the generation mode and 
adjust the generation rate so that the NO measured on the analyzer is 20 
percent of that measured in step (5). There must be at least 10 percent 
unreacted NO at this point. Record the concentration of residual NO.
    (8) Switch the oxides of nitrogen analyzer to the NOX 
mode and measure total NOX. Record this value.
    (9) Switch off the NOX generation but maintain gas flow 
through the system. The oxides of nitrogen analyzer will indicate the 
NOX in the NO + O2 mixture. Record this value.
    (10) Turn off the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply. The analyzer will now indicate the NOX in the 
original NO in N2 mixture. This value should be no more than 
5 percent above the value indicated in step (4).
    (11) Calculate the efficiency of the NOX converted by 
substituting the concentrations obtained into the following equation:

Percent Efficiency = [1 + (a-b)/(c-d)]  x  100

where:
a = concentration obtained in step (8).
b = concentration obtained in step (9).
c = concentration obtained in step (6).
d = concentration obtained in step (7).


If converter efficiency is not greater than 90 percent corrective action 
will be required.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter the chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen 
analyzer shall be calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges. Use 
the same flow rate as when analyzing samples. Proceed as follows:
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with NO in N2 
calibration gases having nominal concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 
and 90 percent of that range. For each range calibrated, if the 
deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line is 2 percent or 
less of the value at each data point, concentration values may be 
calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that range. If the 
deviation exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear 
equation which represents the data to within 2 percent of each test 
point shall be used to determine concentration.
    (c) When testing methanol-fueled vehicles, it may be necessary to 
clean the analyzer frequently to prevent interference with 
NOX measurements (see EPA/600/S3-88/040).

[42 FR 32954, June 28, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 45652, Sept. 12, 1977; 
52 FR 47869, Dec. 16, 1987; 58 FR 58422, Nov. 1, 1993; 60 FR 34347, June 
30, 1995]



Sec. 86.124-78  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

    Prior to its introduction into service and monthly thereafter the 
NDIR carbon dioxide analyzer shall be calibrated:
    (a) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument startup 
and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (b) Zero the carbon dioxide analyzer with either zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (c) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with carbon 
dioxide in N2 calibration gases with nominal concentrations 
of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range. Additional 
calibration points may be generated. For each range calibrated, if the 
deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line is 2 percent or 
less of the value at each data point, concentration values may be 
calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that range. If the 
deviation exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear 
equation which represents the data to within 2 percent of each test 
point shall be used to determine concentration.



Sec. 86.125-94  Methane analyzer calibration.

    Prior to introduction into service and monthly thereafter, the 
methane analyzer shall be calibrated:

[[Page 456]]

    (a) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument startup 
and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (b) Zero the methane analyzer with zero-grade air.
    (c) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with 
CH4 in air with nominal concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 
and 90 percent of that range. Additional calibration points may be 
generated. For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-
squares best-fit straight line is 2 percent or less of the value at each 
data point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a single 
calibration factor for that range. If the deviation exceeds 2 percent at 
any point, the best-fit non-linear equation which represents the data to 
within 2 percent of each test point shall be used to determine 
concentration.

[56 FR 25774, June 5, 1991]



Sec. 86.126-90  Calibration of other equipment.

    Other test equipment used for testing shall be calibrated as often 
as required by the manufacturer or as necessary according to good 
practice. Specific equipment requiring calibration are the gas 
chromatograph and flame ionization detector used in measuring methanol 
and the high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and ultraviolet 
detector for measuring formaldehyde.

[54 FR 14527, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.127-00  Test procedures; overview.

    Applicability. The procedures described in this and subsequent 
sections are used to determine the conformity of vehicles with the 
standards set forth in subpart A or S of this part (as applicable) for 
light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. Except where noted, the 
procedures of paragraphs (a) through (b) of this section, Sec. 86.127-96 
(c) and (d), and the contents of Secs. 86.135-94, 86.136-90, 86.137-96, 
86.140-94, 86.142-90, and 86.144-94 are applicable for determining 
emission results for vehicle exhaust emission systems designed to comply 
with the FTP emission standards, or the FTP emission element required 
for determining compliance with composite SFTP standards. Paragraphs (f) 
and (g) of this section discuss the additional test elements of 
aggressive driving (US06) and air conditioning (SC03) that comprise the 
exhaust emission components of the SFTP. Section 86.127-96(e) discusses 
fuel spitback emissions and paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section are 
applicable to all vehicle emission test procedures. Section 86.127-00 
includes text that specifies requirements that differ from Sec. 86.127-
96. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.127-96 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.127-00, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.127-
96.''
    (a) The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling, 
parking, and operating test conditions. Vehicles are tested for any or 
all of the following emissions:
    (1) Gaseous exhaust THC, CO, NOX, CO2 (for 
petroleum-fueled and gaseous- fueled vehicles), plus CH3OH 
and HCHO for methanol-fueled vehicles, plus CH4 (for vehicles 
subject to the NMHC and NMHCE standards).
    (2) Particulates.
    (3) Evaporative HC (for gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled and 
gaseous-fueled vehicles) and CH3OH (for methanol-fueled 
vehicles). The evaporative testing portion of the procedure occurs after 
the exhaust emission test; however, exhaust emissions need not be 
sampled to complete a test for evaporative emissions.
    (4) Fuel spitback (this test is not required for gaseous-fueled 
vehicles).
    (b) The FTP Otto-cycle exhaust emission test is designed to 
determine gaseous THC, CO, CO2, CH4, 
NOX, and particulate mass emissions from gasoline-fueled, 
methanol-fueled and gaseous-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles as well as 
methanol and formaldehyde from methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, 
while simulating an average trip in an urban area of 11 miles (18 
kilometers). The test consists of engine start-ups and vehicle operation 
on a chassis dynamometer through a specified driving schedule (see 
paragraph (a), EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, of appendix I to 
this part). A proportional part of the diluted exhaust is collected 
continuously for subsequent analysis,

[[Page 457]]

using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler or critical flow 
venturi sampler.
    (c) through (e) ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.127-96.''
    (f) The element of the SFTP for exhaust emissions related to 
aggressive driving (US06) is designed to determine gaseous THC, NMHC, 
CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX emissions from 
gasoline-fueled or diesel-fueled vehicles (see Sec. 86.158-00 
Supplemental test procedures; overview, and Sec. 86.159-00 Exhaust 
emission test procedures for US06 emissions). The test cycle simulates 
urban driving speeds and accelerations that are not represented by the 
FTP Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule simulated trips discussed in 
paragraph (b) of this section. The test consists of vehicle operation on 
a chassis dynamometer through a specified driving cycle (see paragraph 
(g), US06 Dynamometer Driving Schedule, of appendix I to this part). A 
proportional part of the diluted exhaust is collected continuously for 
subsequent analysis, using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler 
or critical flow venturi sampler.
    (g)(1) The element of the SFTP related to the increased exhaust 
emissions caused by air conditioning operation (SC03) is designed to 
determine gaseous THC, NMHC, CO, CO2, CH4, and 
NOX emissions from gasoline-fueled or diesel fueled vehicles 
related to air conditioning use (see Sec. 86.158-00 Supplemental federal 
test procedures; overview and Sec. 86.160-00 Exhaust emission test 
procedure for SC03 emissions). The test cycle simulates urban driving 
behavior with the air conditioner operating. The test consists of engine 
startups and vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through 
specified driving cycles (see paragraph (h), SC03 Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule, of appendix I to this part). A proportional part of the 
diluted exhaust is collected continuously for subsequent analysis, using 
a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler or critical flow venturi 
sampler. The testing sequence includes an approved preconditioning 
cycle, a 10 minute soak with the engine turned off, and the SC03 cycle 
with measured exhaust emissions.
    (2) The SC03 air conditioning test is conducted with the air 
conditioner operating at specified settings and the ambient test 
conditions of:
    (i) Air temperature of 95  deg.F;
    (ii) 100 grains of water/pound of dry air (approximately 40 percent 
relative humidity);
    (iii) Simulated solar heat intensity of 850 W/m \2\ (see 
Sec. 86.161-00(d)); and
    (iv) air flow directed at the vehicle that will provide 
representative air conditioner system condenser cooling at all vehicle 
speeds (see Sec. 86.161-00(e)).
    (3) Manufacturers have the option of simulating air conditioning 
operation during testing at other ambient test conditions provided they 
can demonstrate that the vehicle tail pipe exhaust emissions are 
representative of the emissions that would result from the SC03 cycle 
test procedure and the ambient conditions of paragraph (g)(2) of this 
section. The Administrator has approved two optional air conditioning 
test simulation procedures AC1 and AC2 (see Sec. 86.162-00) for only the 
model years of 2000 through 2002. If a manufacturer desires to conduct 
simulation SC03 testing for model year 2003 and beyond, the simulation 
test procedure must be approved in advance by the Administrator (see 
Secs. 86.162-00 and 86.163-00).
    (h) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all 
emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor 
vehicle shall be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. 
Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be 
authorized in accordance with Sec. 86.098-25 or Sec. 86.1834-01 as 
applicable.
    (i) Background concentrations are measured for all species for which 
emissions measurements are made. For exhaust testing, this requires 
sampling and analysis of the dilution air. For evaporative testing, this 
requires measuring initial concentrations. (When testing methanol-fueled 
vehicles, manufacturers may choose not to measure background 
concentrations of methanol and/or formaldehyde, and then assume that the 
concentrations are zero during calculations.)

[61 FR 54891, Oct. 22, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 23921, May 4, 1999]

[[Page 458]]



Sec. 86.127-90  Test procedures; overview.

    The procedures described in this and subsequent sections are used to 
determine the conformity of vehicles with the standards set forth in 
subpart A for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
    (a) The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling, 
parking and operating conditions. Vehicles are tested for any or all of 
the following emissions:
    (1) Gaseous exhaust HC, CO, NOX, CO2 (for 
petroleum-fueled vehicles), plus CH3OH and HCHO for methanol-
fueled vehicles (measurement of CH3OH and HCHO may be omitted 
for 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles provided a 
HFID calibrated on methanol is used for measuring HC plus 
CH3OH).
    (2) Particulates (diesel vehicles).
    (3) Evaporative HC (for gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles) and CH3OH (for methanol-fueled vehicles). A 
separate CH3OH measurement may be omitted for 1990 through 
1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles provided a HFID calibrated on 
methanol is used for measuring HC plus CH3OH.
    The evaporative portion of the test procedure occurs before and 
after the exhaust emission test, and in some cases, during the exhaust 
emission test.
    (b) The Otto-cycle exhaust emission test is designed to determine 
gaseous hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of 
nitrogen mass emissions from gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles as well as methanol and formaldehyde from methanol-fueled Otto-
cycle vehicles while simulating an average trip in an urban area of 7.5 
miles (12.1 kilometers). The test consists of engine startups and 
vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer, through a specified driving 
schedule. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust is collected 
continuously for subsequent analysis, using a constant volume (variable 
dilution) sampler or critical flow venturi sampler.
    (c) The diesel exhaust emission test is designed to determine 
particulate and gaseous mass emissions during a test similar to the test 
in Sec. 86.127(b). For petroleum-fueled vehicles, diluted exhaust is 
continuously analyzed for total hydrocarbons using a heated sample line 
and analyzer. The other gaseous emissions, CO, CO2 and 
NOX are collected continuously for analysis as in 
Sec. 86.127(b). For methanol-fueled vehicles, hydrocarbons, methanol, 
formaldehyde, CO, CO2, and NOX are collected 
continuously for analysis as in Sec. 86.127(b). Hydrocarbons, methanol 
and formaldehyde are collected using heated sample lines, and a heated 
FID is used for hydrocarbons analyses. Simultaneous with the gaseous 
exhaust collection and analysis, particulates from a proportional part 
of the diluted exhaust are collected continuously on a filter. The mass 
of particulate is determined by the procedure described in Sec. 86.139. 
This testing requires a dilution tunnel as well as the constant volume 
sampler.
    (d) The evaporative emission test (gasoline-fueled vehicles and 
methanol-fueled vehicles) is designed to determine hydrocarbon and 
methanol evaporative emissions as a consequence of diurnal temperature 
fluctuation, urban driving, and hot soaks during parking. It is 
associated with a series of events representative of a motor vehicle's 
operation, which result in hydrocarbon and/or methanol vapor losses. The 
test procedure is designed to measure:
    (1) Diurnal breathing losses resulting from daily temperature 
changes, measured by the enclosure technique;
    (2) Running losses from suspected sources (if indicated by 
engineering analysis or vehicle inspection) resulting from a simulated 
trip on a chassis dynamometer, measured by carbon traps; and
    (3) Hot soak losses, which result when the vehicle is parked and the 
hot engine is turned off, measured by the enclosure technique.
    (e) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all 
emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor 
vehicle shall be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. 
Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be 
authorized in accordance with Sec. 86.088-25.

[54 FR 14527, Apr. 11, 1989]

[[Page 459]]



Sec. 86.127-94  Test procedures; overview.

    The procedures described in this and subsequent sections are used to 
determine the conformity of vehicles with the standards set forth in 
subpart A of this part for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
    (a) The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling, 
parking, and operating conditions. Vehicles are tested for any or all of 
the following emissions:
    (1) Gaseous exhaust THC, CO, NOX, CO2 (for 
petroleum-fueled vehicles), plus CH3OH and HCHO for methanol-
fueled vehicles, plus CH4 (for vehicles subject to the NMHC 
and NMHCE standards). (Measurement of CH3OH and HCHO may be 
omitted for 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles 
provided a HFID calibrated on methanol is used for measuring THC plus 
CH3OH.)
    (2) Particulates.
    (3) Evaporative HC (for gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles) and CH3OH (for methanol-fueled vehicles). A 
separate CH3OH measurement may be omitted for 1990 through 
1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles provided a HFID calibrated on 
methanol is used for measuring HC plus CH3OH.
    (b) The Otto-cycle exhaust emission test is designed to determine 
gaseous THC, CO, CO2, CH4, NOX, and 
particulate mass emissions from gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled 
Otto-cycle vehicles as well as methanol and formaldehyde from methanol-
fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, while simulating an average trip in an urban 
area of 7.5 miles (12.1 kilometers). The test consists of engine 
startups and vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer, through a 
specified driving schedule. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust 
is collected continuously for subsequent analysis, using a constant 
volume (variable dilution) sampler or critical flow venturi sampler.
    (c) The diesel-cycle exhaust emission test is designed to determine 
particulate and gaseous mass emissions during a test similar to the test 
in Sec. 86.127(b). For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, diluted 
exhaust is continuously analyzed for THC using a heated sample line and 
analyzer; the other gaseous emissions (CH4, CO, 
CO2, and NOX) are collected continuously for 
analysis as in Sec. 86.127(b). For methanol-fueled vehicles, THC, 
methanol, formaldehyde, CO, CO2, CH4, and 
NOX are collected continuously for analysis as in 
Sec. 86.127(b). THC, methanol, and formaldehyde are collected using 
heated sample lines, and a heated FID is used for THC analyses. 
Simultaneous with the gaseous exhaust collection and analysis, 
particulates from a proportional part of the diluted exhaust are 
collected continuously on a filter. The mass of particulate is 
determined by the procedure described in Sec. 86.139. This testing 
requires a dilution tunnel as well as the constant volume sampler.
    (d) The evaporative emission test (gasoline-fueled vehicles and 
methanol-fueled vehicles) is designed to determine hydrocarbon and 
methanol evaporative emissions as a consequence of diurnal temperature 
fluctuation, urban driving, and hot soaks during parking. It is 
associated with a series of events representative of a motor vehicle's 
operation, which result in hydrocarbon and/or methanol vapor losses. The 
test procedure is designed to measure:
    (1) Diurnal breathing losses resulting from daily temperature 
changes, measured by the enclosure technique;
    (2) Running losses from suspected sources (if indicated by 
engineering analysis or vehicle inspection) resulting from a simulated 
trip on a chassis dynamometer, measured by carbon traps; and
    (3) Hot soak losses, which result when the vehicle is parked and the 
hot engine is turned off, measured by the enclosure technique.
    (e) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all 
emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor 
vehicle shall be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. 
Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be 
authorized in accordance with Sec. 86.090-25.
    (f) Background concentrations are measured for all species for which 
emissions measurements are made. For exhaust testing, this requires 
sampling and analysis of the dilution air. For evaporative testing, this 
requires measuring initial concentrations.

[[Page 460]]

(When testing methanol-fueled vehicles, manufacturers may choose not to 
measure background concentrations of methanol and/or formaldehyde, and 
then assume that the concentrations are zero during calculations.)

[56 FR 25774, June 5, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 34347, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.127-96  Test procedures; overview.

    The procedures described in this and subsequent sections are used to 
determine the conformity of vehicles with the standards set forth in 
subpart A of this part for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
    (a) The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling, 
parking, and operating conditions. Vehicles are tested for any or all of 
the following emissions:
    (1) Gaseous exhaust THC, CO, NOX, CO2 (for 
petroleum-fueled and gaseous-fueled vehicles), plus CH3OH and 
HCHO for methanol-fueled vehicles, plus CH4 (for vehicles 
subject to the NMHC and NMHCE standards).
    (2) Particulates.
    (3) Evaporative HC (for gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled and 
gaseous-fueled vehicles) and CH3OH (for methanol-fueled 
vehicles). The evaporative testing portion of the procedure occurs after 
the exhaust emission test; however, exhaust emissions need not be 
sampled to complete a test for evaporative emissions.
    (4) Fuel spitback (this test is not required for gaseous-fueled 
vehicles).
    (b) The Otto-cycle exhaust emission test is designed to determine 
gaseous THC, CO, CO2, CH4, NOX, and 
particulate mass emissions from gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled and 
gaseous-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles as well as methanol and formaldehyde 
from methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, while simulating an average 
trip in an urban area of 11 miles (18 kilometers). The test consists of 
engine start-ups and vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through 
a specified driving schedule. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust 
is collected continuously for subsequent analysis, using a constant 
volume (variable dilution) sampler or critical flow venturi sampler.
    (c) The diesel-cycle exhaust emission test is designed to determine 
particulate and gaseous mass emissions during a test similar to the test 
in Sec. 86.127(b). For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, diluted 
exhaust is continuously analyzed for THC using a heated sample line and 
analyzer; the other gaseous emissions (CH4, CO, 
CO2, and NOX) are collected continuously for 
analysis as in Sec. 86.127(b). For methanol-fueled vehicles, THC, 
methanol, formaldehyde, CO, CO2, CH4, and 
NOX are collected continuously for analysis as in 
Sec. 86.127(b). THC, methanol, and formaldehyde are collected using 
heated sample lines, and a heated FID is used for THC analyses. 
Simultaneous with the gaseous exhaust collection and analysis, 
particulates from a proportional part of the diluted exhaust are 
collected continuously on a filter. The mass of particulate is 
determined by the procedure described in Sec. 86.139. This testing 
requires a dilution tunnel as well as the constant volume sampler.
    (d) The evaporative emission test (gasoline-fueled vehicles, 
methanol-fueled and gaseous-fueled vehicles) is designed to determine 
hydrocarbon and methanol evaporative emissions as a consequence of 
diurnal temperature fluctuation, urban driving and hot soaks following 
drives. It is associated with a series of events that a vehicle may 
experience and that may result in hydrocarbon and/or methanol vapor 
losses. The test procedure is designed to measure:
    (1) Diurnal emissions resulting from daily temperature changes (as 
well as relatively constant resting losses), measured by the enclosure 
technique (see Sec. 86.133);
    (2) Running losses resulting from a simulated trip performed on a 
chassis dynamometer, measured by the enclosure or point-source technique 
(see Sec. 86.134; this test is not required for gaseous-fueled 
vehicles); and
    (3) Hot soak emissions, which result when the vehicle is parked and 
the hot engine is turned off, measured by the enclosure technique (see 
Sec. 86.138).
    (e) Fuel spitback emissions occur when a vehicle's fuel fill neck 
cannot accommodate dispensing rates. The vehicle test for spitback 
consists of a short drive followed immediately by a complete refueling 
event. This test is

[[Page 461]]

not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles.
    (f) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all 
emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor 
vehicle shall be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. 
Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be 
authorized in accordance with Sec. 86.090-25.
    (g) Background concentrations are measured for all species for which 
emissions measurements are made. For exhaust testing, this requires 
sampling and analysis of the dilution air. For evaporative testing, this 
requires measuring initial concentrations. (When testing methanol-fueled 
vehicles, manufacturers may choose not to measure background 
concentrations of methanol and/or formaldehyde, and then assume that the 
concentrations are zero during calculations.)

[58 FR 16032, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48508, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34347, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.128-00   Transmissions.

    Section 86.128-00 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.128-79. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.128-79 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.128-00, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.128-79.''
    (a) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.128-79.
    (d) The vehicle shall be driven with appropriate accelerator pedal 
movement necessary to achieve the speed versus time relationship 
prescribed by the driving schedule. Both smoothing of speed variations 
and excessive accelerator pedal perturbations are to be avoided.
    (e) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.128-79.

[61 FR 54892, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.128-79  Transmissions.

    (a) All test conditions, except as noted, shall be run according to 
the manufacturer's recommendations to the ultimate purchaser, Provided, 
That: Such recommendations are representative of what may reasonably be 
expected to be followed by the ultimate purchaser under in-use 
conditions.
    (b) Vehicles equipped with free wheeling or overdrive, except as 
noted, shall be tested with these features operated according to the 
manufacturer's recommendations to the ultimate purchaser.
    (c) Idle modes less than one minute in length shall be run with 
automatic transmissions in ``Drive'' and the wheels braked; manual 
transmissions shall be in gear with the clutch disengaged, except for 
the first idle mode (see Secs. 86.134, 86.136, and 86.137). The first 
idle mode and idle modes longer than one minute in length may be run 
with automatic transmissions in ``Neutral;'' manual transmissions may be 
in ``Neutral'' with the clutch engaged (clutch may be disengaged for 
engine start-up). If an automatic transmission is in ``Neutral'' during 
an idle mode, it shall be placed in ``Drive'' with the wheels braked at 
least 5 seconds before the end of the idle mode. If a manual 
transmission is in ``Neutral'' during an idle mode, it shall be placed 
in gear with the clutch disengaged at least 5 seconds before the end of 
the idle mode.
    (d) The vehicle shall be driven with minimum accelerator pedal 
movement to maintain the desired speed.
    (e) Accelerations shall be driven smoothly following representative 
shift speeds and procedures. For manual transmissions, the operator 
shall release the accelerator pedal during each shift and accomplish the 
shift with minimum time. If the vehicle cannot accelerate at the 
specified rate, the vehicle shall be operated at maximum available power 
until the vehicle speed reaches the value prescribed for that time in 
the driving schedule.
    (f) The deceleration modes shall be run in gear using brakes or 
accelerator pedal as necessary to maintain the desired speed. Manual 
transmission vehicles shall have the clutch engaged and shall not change 
gears from the previous mode. For those modes which decelerate to zero, 
manual transmission clutches shall be depressed when the speed drops 
below 15 mph (24.1 km/h), when engine roughness is evident, or when 
engine stalling is imminent.

[[Page 462]]

    (g)(1) In the case of test vehicles equipped with manual 
transmissions, the transmission shall be shifted in accordance with 
procedures which are representative of shift patterns that may 
reasonably be expected to be followed by vehicles in use, in terms of 
such variables as vehicle speed or percent rated engine speed. At the 
Administrator's discretion, a test vehicle may also be shifted according 
to the shift procedures recommended by the manufacturer to the ultimate 
purchaser, if such procedures differ from those which are reasonably 
expected to be followed by vehicles in use.
    (2) A manufacturer may recommend to the ultimate purchaser shift 
procedures other than those used in testing by the EPA, Provided that: 
All shift procedures (including multiple shift speeds) which the 
manufacturer proposes to supply to the ultimate purchaser are provided 
to the Administrator as part of the manufacturer's application for 
certification, or as an amendment to such application, under 
Sec. 86.079-32, Sec. 86.079-33, Sec. 86.082-34, or Sec. 86.1844-01 as 
applicable.
    (h) Downshifting is allowed at the beginning of or during a power 
mode in accordance with the shift procedure determined in paragraph 
(g)(1) of this section.

[43 FR 52921, Nov. 14, 1978, as amended at 58 FR 16033, Mar. 24, 1993; 
64 FR 23921, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.129-00   Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

    Applicability. Section 86.129-94 (a) applies to all vehicle testing. 
Section 86.129-80 (b) and (c) are applicable to vehicles from engine 
families which are not required to meet SFTP requirements, although a 
manufacturer may elect to use the requirements in paragraphs (e) and (f) 
of this section instead of Sec. 86.129-80 (b) and (c) on any vehicle. 
Section 86.129-94(d) which discusses fuel temperature profile, is 
applicable to evaporative emission running loss testing. Paragraphs (e) 
and (f) of this section are applicable to vehicles from engine families 
required to comply with SFTP requirements. Section 86.129-00 includes 
text that specifies requirements that differ from Sec. 86.129-80 or 
Sec. 86.129-94. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.129-80 or Sec. 86.129-94 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.129-00, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.129-80.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.129-94.''
    (a) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.129-94.
    (b) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.129-80.
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.129-94.
    (e)(1) For each test vehicle from an engine family required to 
comply with SFTP requirements, the manufacturer shall supply 
representative road load forces for the vehicle at speeds between 15 km/
hr (9.3 mph) and 115 km/hr (71.5 mph). The road load force shall 
represent vehicle operation on a smooth level road, during calm winds, 
with no precipitation, at an ambient temperature of 20  deg.C (68 
deg.F), and atmospheric pressure of 98.21 kPa. Road load force for low 
speed may be extrapolated. Manufacturers may, at their option, use road 
load forces meeting the objectives of paragraph (f) of this section for 
any vehicle.
    (2) The dynamometer's power absorption shall be set for each 
vehicle's emission test sequence such that the force imposed during 
dynamometer operation matches actual road load force at all speeds.
    (3) The 10 percent adjustment in road load power for air 
conditioning discussed in Sec. 86.129-80(b)(3), is not applicable when 
road load forces are determined for dynamometer testing using paragraphs 
(e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section.
    (f)(1) Required test dynamometer inertia weight class selections for 
the test elements of FTP, US06, and SC03 are determined by the test 
vehicles test weight basis and corresponding equivalent weight as listed 
in the tabular information of Sec. 86.129-94(a). With the exception of 
the fuel economy test weight information in footnote 4 to the table in 
Sec. 86.129-94(a), none of the other footnotes to the tabular listing 
apply to emission tests utilizing an approved single roll dynamometer or 
equivalent dynamometer configuration. All light-duty vehicles and light 
light-duty

[[Page 463]]

trucks are to be tested at the inertia weight class corresponding to 
their equivalent test weight.
    (i) For light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks, test weight 
basis is loaded vehicle weight, which is the vehicle weight plus 300 
pounds.
    (ii) For heavy light-duty trucks, the definition of test weight 
basis varies depending on the SFTP test element being tested.
    (A) For the aggressive driving cycle (US06), the test weight basis 
is the vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds.
    (B) For the FTP and the air conditioning (SC03) element of the SFTP, 
the test weight is the average of the curb weight plus GVWR.
    (C) Regardless of other requirements in this section relating to the 
testing of HLDTs, for Tier 2 HLDTs, the test weight basis for FTP and 
SFTP testing (both US06 and SC03), if applicable, is the vehicle curb 
weight plus 300 pounds. For MDPVs certified to standards in bin 11 in 
Tables S04-1 and 2 in Sec. 86.1811-04, the test weight basis must be 
adjusted loaded vehicle weight (ALVW) as defined in this part.
    (2) Dynamic inertia load adjustments may be made to the test inertia 
weight during specific US06 acceleration events when wide open throttle 
operation is equal to or greater than eight (8) seconds (see 
Sec. 86.108-00). The dynamic inertia weight adjustment procedure must be 
approved in advance of conducting official US06 testing. The 
Administrator will perform confirmatory US06 testing using the same 
dynamometer inertia adjustment procedures as the manufacturer if:
    (i) The manufacturer submits a request to the Administrator; and
    (ii) The manufacturer provides the dynamometer hardware and/or 
software necessary for these adjustments to the Administrator.

[61 FR 54892, Oct. 22, 1996, as amended at 65 FR 6850, Feb. 10, 2000]

    Editorial Note: At 64 FR 23921, May 4, 1999, Sec. 86.129-00 was 
amended by revising footnote 4 to the table in paragraph (a) and by 
revising paragraph (d)(1)(iv). Since both paragraphs (a) and (d) of 
Sec. 86.129-00 are reserved and contain no text, these amendments could 
not be made. For the convenience of the user, the revised text is set 
forth as follows:

Sec. 86.129-00   Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class 
          determination.

                                * * * * *

    (a) * * *

                                * * * * *

    \4\ For model year 1994 and later heavy light-duty trucks not 
subject to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9, test weight basis 
shall be adjusted loaded vehicle weight, as defined in Sec. 86.094-2 or 
86.1803-01 as applicable. For all other vehicles, test weight basis 
shall be loaded vehicle weight, as defined in Sec. 86.082-2 or 86.1803-
01 as applicable.

                                * * * * *

    (d) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iv) Small-volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b)(1) 
or Sec. 86.1838-01 as applicable, may use an alternate method for 
generating fuel temperature profiles, subject to the approval of the 
Administrator.

                                * * * * *



Sec. 86.129-80  Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

    (a) Flywheels, electrical or other means of simulating test weight 
as shown in the following table shall be used. If the equivalent test 
weight specified is not available on the dynamometer being used, the 
next higher equivalent test weight (not to exceed 250 pounds) available 
shall be used.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Equivalent   Inertia
 Road load power at 50 mi/h--     Loaded vehicle      test       weight
 light-duty trucks \1\ \2\ \3\   weight (pounds)     weight      class
                                                    (pounds)    (pounds)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                Up to 1,062......       1,000      1,000
                                1,063 to 1,187...       1,125      1,000
                                1,188 to 1,312...       1,250      1,250
                                1,313 to 1,437...       1,375      1,250
                                1,438 to 1,562...       1,500      1,500
                                1,563 to 1,687...       1,625      1,500
                                1,688 to 1,812...       1,750      1,750
                                1,813 to 1,937...       1,875      1,750
                                1,938 to 2,062...       2,000      2,000
                                2,063 to 2,187...       2,125      2,000
                                2,188 to 2,312...       2,250      2,250
                                2,313 to 2,437...       2,375      2,250
                                2,438 to 2,562...       2,500      2,500
                                2,563 to 2,687...       2,625      2,500
                                2,688 to 2,812...       2,750      2,750
                                2,813 to 2,937...       2,875      2,750
                                2,938 to 3,062...       3,000      3,000
                                3,063 to 3,187...       3,125      3,000
                                3,188 to 3,312...       3,250      3,000
                                3,313 to 3,437...       3,375      3,500
                                3,438 to 3,562...       3,500      3,500
                                3,563 to 3,687...       3,625      3,500

[[Page 464]]

 
                                3,688 to 3,812...       3,750      3,500
                                3,813 to 3,937...       3,875      4,000
                                3,938 to 4,125...       4,000      4,000
                                4,126 to 4,375...       4,250      4,000
                                4,376 to 4,625...       4,500      4,500
                                4,626 to 4,875...       4,750      4,500
                                4,876 to 5,125...       5,000      5,000
                                5,126 to 5,375...       5,250      5,000
                                5,376 to 5,750...       5,500      5,500
                                5,751 to 6,250...   \4\ 6,000      6,000
                                6,251 to 6,750...       6,500      6,500
                                6,751 to 7,250...       7,000      7,000
                                7,251 to 7,750...       7,500      7,500
                                7,751 to 8,250...       8,000      8,000
                                8,251 to 8,750...       8,500      8,500
                                8,751 to 9,250...       9,000      9,000
                                9,251 to 9,750...       9,500      9,500
                                9,751 to 10,000..      10,000     10,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For all light-duty trucks except vans, and for heavy duty vehicles
  optionally certified as light-duty trucks, the road load power
  (horsepower) at 50 mi/h shall be 0.58 times B (defined below) rounded
  to the nearest \1/2\ hp.
\2\ For vans, the road load power at 50 mi/h (horsepower) shall be 0.50
  times B (defined below) rounded to the nearest \1/2\ hp.
\3\ B is the basic vehicle frontal area (square foot) plus the
  additional frontal area (square foot) of mirrors and optional
  equipment exceeding 0.1 ft2 which are anticipated to be sold on more
  than 33 pct of the car line. Frontal area measurements shall be
  computed to the nearest 10th of a square foot using a method approved
  in advanced by the administrator.
\4\ Light-duty vehicles over 5,750 lb loaded vehicle weight shall be
  tested at a 5,500 lb equivalent test weight.

    (b) Power absorption unit adjustment--light-duty trucks. (1) The 
power absorption unit shall be adjusted to reproduce road load power at 
50 mph true speed. The indicated road load power setting shall take into 
account the dynamometer friction. The relationship between road load 
(absorbed) power and indicated road load power for a particular 
dynamometer shall be determined by the procedure outlined in Sec. 86.118 
or other suitable means.
    (2) The road load power listed in the table above shall be used or 
the vehicle manufacturer may determine the road load power by an 
alternate procedure requested by the manufacturer and approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (3) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a car line 
within an engine-system combination will be equipped with air 
conditioning per Sec. 86.080-24(g)(2), the road load power listed above 
or as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section shall be increased 
by 10 percent, up to a maximum increase of 1.4 horsepower, for testing 
all test vehicies representing that car line within that engine-system 
combination if those vehicles are intended to be offered with air 
conditioning in production. The above increase for air conditioning 
shall be added prior to rounding off as instructed by notes 2 and 3 of 
the table.
    (c) Power absorption unit adjustment--light-duty vehicles. (1) The 
power absorption unit shall be adjusted to reproduce road load power at 
50 mph true speed. The dynamometer power absorption shall take into 
account the dynamometer friction, as discussed in Sec. 86.118.
    (2) The dynamometer road load setting is determined from the 
equivalent test weight, the reference frontal area, the body shape, the 
vehicle protuberances, and the tire type by the following equations.
    (i) For light-duty vehicles to be tested on a twin roll dynamometer.

                            Hp = aA + P + tW

where:

Hp = the dynamometer power absorber setting at 50 mph (horsepower).
A = the vehicle reference frontal area (ft2). The vehicle 
reference frontal area is defined as the area of the orthogonal 
projection of the vehicle; including tires and suspension components, 
but excluding vehicle protuberances, onto a plane perpendicular to both 
the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and the surface upon which the 
vehicle is positioned. Measurements of this area shall be computed to 
the nearest tenth of a square foot using a method approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
P = the protuberance power correction factor from table 1 of this 
paragraph (horsepower).
W = vehicle equivalent test weight (lbs) from the table in paragraph 
(a).
a = 0.43 for fastback-shaped vehicles; = 0.50 for all other light duty 
vehicles.
t = 0.0 for vehicles equipped with radial ply tires; = 3  x  10- 
4 for all other vehicles.

    A vehicle is considered to have a fastback shape if the rearward 
projection of that portion of the rear surface (Ab) which 
slopes at an angle of less than 20 degrees from the horizontal is at 
least 25 percent as large as the vehicle reference frontal area. In 
addition, this surface must be smooth, continuous, and free from any 
local transitions greater than four degrees. An example of a fastback 
shape is presented in Figure 1.

[[Page 465]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.161


 Table I--Protuberance Power, P. Versus Total Protuberance Frontal Area,
                                   Ap
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  P
                     Ap (square foot)                       (horsepower)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ap<0.30...................................................          0.0
0.30 Ap<0.60..............................................          .40
0.60 Ap<0.90..............................................          .70
0.90 Ap<1.20..............................................         1.00
1.20 Ap<1.50..............................................         1.30
1.50 Ap<1.80..............................................         1.60
1.80 Ap<2.10..............................................         1.90
2.10 Ap<2.40..............................................         2.20
2.40 Ap<2.70..............................................         2.50
2.70 Ap<3.00..............................................         2.80
3.00 Ap...................................................         3.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The protuberance frontal area, Ap, is defined in a manner 
analogous to the definition of the vehicle reference frontal area, i.e., 
the total area of the orthogonal projections of the vehicle mirrors, 
hood ornaments, roof racks, and other protuberance onto a plane(s) 
perpendicular to both the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and the 
surface upon which the vehicle is positioned. A protuberance is defined 
as any fixture attached to the vehicle protruding more than 1 inch from 
the vehicle surface and having a projected area greater than 0.01 
ft2 with the area calculated by a method approved in advance 
by the Administrator. Included in the total protuberance frontal area 
shall be all fixtures which occur as standard equipment. The area of any 
optional equipment shall also be included if it is expected that more 
than 33 percent of the car line sold will be equipped with this option.

    (ii) The dynamometer power absorber setting for light-duty vehicles 
shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 horsepower.
    (iii) For light-duty vehicles to be tested on a single, large roll 
dynamometer.

        Hp = aA + P + (5.0  x  10 - 4 + 0.33t)W

All symbols in the above equation are defined in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of 
this section. The rounding criteria of paragraph (c)(2)(i) also apply to 
this paragraph.

    (3) The road load power calculated above shall be used or the 
vehicle manufacturer may determine the road load power by an alternate 
procedure requested by the manufacturer and approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (4) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a car line 
within an engine-system combination will be equipped with air 
conditioning, per Sec. 86.080-24(g)(2), the road load power as 
determined in paragraph (c) (2) or (3) of this section shall be 
increased by 10 percent up to a maximum increment of 1.4 horsepower, for 
testing all test vehicles of that car line within that engine-system 
combination if those vehicles are intended to be offered with air 
conditioning in production. This power increment shall be added to the 
indicated dynamometer power absorption setting prior to rounding off 
this value.

[42 FR 45653, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52921, Nov. 14, 1978]



Sec. 86.129-94  Road load power, test weight, inertia weight class determination, and fuel temperature profile.

    Section 86.129-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.129-80. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.129-80 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.129-94, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.129-80.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.129-80 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) Flywheels, electrical, or other means of simulating test weight 
as shown in the following table shall be used. If the equivalent test 
weight

[[Page 466]]

specified is not available on the dynamometer being used, the next 
higher equivalent test weight (not to exceed 250 pounds) available shall 
be used.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Equivalent   Inertia
 Road load power at 50 mi/hour      Test weight        test      weight
    light-duty trucks1,2,3           basis4,5         weight      class
                                                     (pounds)   (pounds)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                Up to 1,062.......      1,000      1,000
                                1,063 to 1,187....      1,125      1,000
                                1,188 to 1,312....      1,250      1,250
                                1,313 to 1,437....      1,375      1,250
                                1,438 to 1,562....      1,500      1,500
                                1,563 to 1,687....      1,625      1,500
                                1,688 to 1,812....      1,750      1,750
                                1,813 to 1,937....      1,875      1,750
                                1,938 to 2,062....      2,000      2,000
                                2,063 to 2,187....      2,125      2,000
                                2,188 to 2,312....      2,250      2,250
                                2,313 to 2,437....      2,375      2,250
                                2,438 to 2,562....      2,500      2,500
                                2,563 to 2,687....      2,625      2,500
                                2,688 to 2,812....      2,750      2,750
                                2,813 to 2,937....      2,875      2,750
                                2,938 to 3,062....      3,000      3,000
                                3,063 to 3,187....      3,125      3,000
                                3,188 to 3,312....      3,250      3,000
                                3,313 to 3,437....      3,375      3,500
                                3,438 to 3,562....      3,500      3,500
                                3,563 to 3,687....      3,625      3,500
                                3,688 to 3,812....      3,750      3,500
                                3,813 to 3,937....      3,875      4,000
                                3,938 to 4,125....      4,000      4,000
                                4,126 to 4,375....      4,250      4,000
                                4,376 to 4,625....      4,500      4,500
                                4,626 to 4,875....      4,750      4,500
                                4,876 to 5,125....      5,000      5,000
                                5,126 to 5,375....      5,250      5,000
                                5,376 to 5,750....      5,500      5,500
                                5,751 to 6,250....      6,000      6,000
                                6,251 to 6,750....      6,500      6,500
                                6,751 to 7,250....      7,000      7,000
                                7,251 to 7,750....      7,500      7,500
                                7,751 to 8,250....      8,000      8,000
                                8,251 to 8,750....      8,500      8,500
                                8,751 to 9,250....      9,000      9,000
                                9,251 to 9,750....      9,500      9,500
                                9,751 to 10,000...     10,000     10,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For all light-duty trucks except vans, and for heavy duty vehicles
  optionally certified as light-duty trucks, the road load power
  (horsepower) at 50 mi/h shall be 0.58 times B (defined below) rounded
  to the nearest 1/2 hp.
\2\ For vans, the road load power at 50 mi/h (horsepower) shall be 0.50
  times B (defined below) rounded to the nearest 1/2 hp.
\3\ B is the basic vehicle frontal area (square foot) plus the
  additional frontal area (square foot) of mirrors and optional
  equipment exceeding 0.1 ft2 which are anticipated to be sold on more
  than 33 pct. of the car line. Frontal area measurements shall be
  computed to the nearest 10th of a square foot using a method approved
  in advanced by the administrator.
\4\ For model year 1994 and later heavy light-duty trucks not subject to
  the Tier O standards of Sec.  86.094-9 of subpart A, test weight basis
  is as follows: for emissions tests, the basis shall be adjusted loaded
  vehicle weight, as defined in Sec.  86,094-2 of subpart A; and for
  fuel economy tests, the basis shall be loaded vehicle weight, as
  defined in Sec.  86.082-2 of subpart A, or, at the manufacturer's
  option, adjused loaded vehicle weight as defined in Sec.  86.094-2 of
  subpart A. For all other vehicles, test weight basis shall be loaded
  vehicle weight, as defined in Sec.  86.082-2 of subpart as defined in
  Sec.  86.094-2 of subpart A. For all other vehicles, test weight shall
  be loaded vehicle weight, as defined in Sec.  86.082-2 of subpart A.
\5\ Light-duty vehicles over 5,750 lb. loaded vehicle weight shall be
  tested at a 5,500 lb. equivalent test weight.

    (b) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.129-80.
    (d) Fuel temperature profile--(1) General requirements. (i) To be 
tested for running losses, as specified in Sec. 86.134, a vehicle must 
have a fuel temperature profile. The following procedure is used to 
generate the fuel temperature profile, which serves as a target for 
controlling fuel temperatures during the running loss test. This profile 
represents the fuel temperature change that occurs during on-road 
driving. If a vehicle has more than one fuel tank, a profile shall be 
established for each tank. Manufacturers may also simultaneously 
generate a profile for vapor temperatures.
    (ii) If a manufacturer uses a vehicle model to develop a profile to 
represent multiple models, the vehicle model selected must have the 
greatest expected fuel temperature increase during driving of all those 
models it represents. Also, manufacturers must select test vehicles with 
any available vehicle options that increase fuel temperatures during 
driving (for example, any feature that limits underbody airflow).
    (iii) Manufacturers may conduct testing to develop fuel temperature 
profiles in a laboratory setting, subject to approval by the 
Administrator. The laboratory facility should simulate outdoor testing 
to reproduce fuel and vapor temperature behavior over the specified 
driving schedule. The design of the laboratory facility should include 
consideration of any parameters that may affect fuel temperatures, such 
as solar loading, pavement heat, and relative wind velocities around and 
underneath the test vehicle. Indoor testing to develop the fuel 
temperature profiles must be conducted with little or no vehicle-
specific adjustment of laboratory parameters. Manufacturers would need 
to maintain an ongoing demonstration of correlation between laboratory 
and outdoor measurement of fuel temperatures. Specifically, fuel 
temperatures and pressures from indoor driving should be at least as 
high as measured when driving outdoors according to the procedures 
described in this section.
    (iv) Small-volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b)(1), 
may use an alternate method for generating fuel

[[Page 467]]

temperature profiles, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
    (v) The Administrator may conduct testing to establish any vehicle's 
temperature profiles or to verify compliance with fuel tank pressure 
requirements.
    (2) Vehicle instrumentation. (i) The vehicle must be equipped with 
temperature sensors and pressure transducers, as described in 
Sec. 86.107-96 (e) and (f), and a driver's aid, which shall be 
configured to provide the test driver with the desired vehicle speed vs. 
time trace and the actual vehicle speed.
    (ii) A computer, data logger, or strip chart data recorder shall 
record the following parameters at a minimum during the test run:
    (A) Desired speed;
    (B) Actual speed;
    (C) Instantaneous average liquid fuel temperature (Tliq); 
and
    (D) Vapor space pressure (the Administrator may omit measurement of 
fuel tank pressure).
    (iii) The data recording system described in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of 
this section shall be capable of resolving time to 1 s, 
capable of resolving temperature to 2  deg.F, capable of 
resolving pressure to 1.0 inch of water, and capable of 
resolving speed to 1 mph. The temperature and pressure 
signals shall be recorded at intervals of up to 1 minute; speed signals 
shall be recorded at intervals of up to 1 second.
    (3) Ambient conditions. The procedure shall be run under the 
following ambient conditions. Conditions should be representative of 
sunny summer days.
    (i) Starting ambient temperature (Tamb,o) shall be at 
least 95  deg.F, steady or increasing (no more than 2  deg.F drop) 
during the procedure. Ambient temperature shall be measured and recorded 
in regular intervals of at least once every 5 minutes. Measure ambient 
temperature with the following requirements (based on Federal Standard 
for Siting Meteorological Sensors at Airports, FCM-S4-1987). The sensors 
shall be mounted 51 feet (1.50.3 meters) above 
ground level. The sensors shall be protected from radiation from the 
sun, sky, earth, and any other surrounding objects, but at the same time 
be adequately ventilated. The sensors shall be installed in such a 
position as to ensure that measurements are representative of the free 
air circulation in the locality and not influenced by artificial 
conditions such as large buildings, cooling towers, and expanses of 
concrete and tarmac. Keep any grass and vegetation within 100 feet (30 
meters) of the sensor clipped to a height of about 10 inches (25 
centimeters) or less.
    (ii) Wind conditions shall be calm to light with maximum wind speed 
of 15 mph. In the case of temporary gusting, wind speeds between 15 and 
25 mph may occur for up to 5 percent of the total driving time without 
invalidating the data collection. Wind speed shall be measured and 
recorded in regular intervals of at least once per minute. Measure wind 
speed with the following requirements (based on Federal Standard for 
Siting Meteorological Sensors at Airports, FCM-S4-1987). The site should 
be relatively level, but small gradual slopes are acceptable. The sensor 
shall be mounted 30 to 33 feet (9 to 10 meters) above the average ground 
height within a radius of 500 feet (150 meters). The sensor height shall 
not exceed 33 feet, except as necessary to be at least 15 feet (5 
meters) above the height of any obstruction (e.g. vegetation, buildings, 
etc.) within a 500 foot (150 meter) radius. An object is considered to 
be an obstruction if the included lateral angle from the sensor to the 
ends of the object is 10 degrees or more.
    (iii) Road surface temperature shall be at least 125  deg.F 
throughout the driving period. Pavement temperature shall be measured 
and recorded in regular intervals of at least once per minute. The track 
temperature may be measured with an embedded sensor, a portable 
temperature probe, or an infrared pyrometer that can provide an accuracy 
of 2  deg.F. Temperatures must be measured on a surface 
representative of the surface where the vehicle is driven.
    (iv) Conditions shall be sunny or mostly sunny with a maximum cloud 
cover of 25 percent.
    (v) Reported cloud cover, wind speed, and ambient temperature should 
be consistent with that reported by the nearest weather station; the 
Administrator may request justification of any discrepancy.

[[Page 468]]

    (4) Profile determination procedure. (i) Drain the fuel tank(s) and 
fill with test fuel to the ``tank fuel volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-
2. The test fuel should meet the specifications of Sec. 86.113, except 
that fuel with a lower volatility may be used, subject to Administrator 
approval. Manufacturers using a lower volatility fuel must generate a 
vapor temperature profile for demonstrating compliance with the limit on 
fuel tank pressure during the running loss test (see Sec. 86.134-96).
    (ii) The vehicle shall be moved to the location where the data is to 
be collected. It may be driven a maximum distance of 5 miles and may 
also be transported by other means. The vehicle shall be stabilized by 
one of the following methods:
    (A) The vehicle shall be parked for a minimum of 12 hours in an open 
area on a surface that is representative of the test road, without any 
artificial heating or cooling of the fuel. The orientation of the front 
of the vehicle during parking (e.g., N, SW, etc.) shall be documented.
    (B) The vehicle may be soaked in a temperature-controlled 
environment to stabilize fuel temperatures. Before starting the drive, 
the vehicle shall be stabilized with fuel temperatures 95 3 
deg.F for at least one hour. The fuel temperature may not exceed 98 
deg.F at any time before the beginning of the driving schedule, during 
which only whole-vehicle heating and cooling may be used to control fuel 
temperatures. If a manufacturer uses the provisions of paragraph 
(d)(7)(v) of this section to establish a lower initial fuel temperature 
for the running loss test, the fuel in the test vehicle may not be 
stabilized at a temperature higher than the newly established initial 
fuel temperature.
    (iii) Once the ambient conditions specified in paragraph (d)(3) of 
this section are met and the vehicle has been stabilized according to 
paragraph (d)(4)(ii) of this section, the vehicle's engine may be 
started. The vehicle's air conditioning system (if so equipped) shall be 
set to the ``normal'' air conditioning mode and adjusted to the minimum 
discharge air temperature and high fan speed. Vehicles equipped with 
automatic temperature controlled air conditioning systems shall be set 
to operate in ``automatic'' temperature and fan modes with the system 
set at 72  deg.F.
    (iv) The vehicle may be operated at minimum throttle for a period up 
to 60 seconds prior to the start of the driving schedule, as necessary 
to move from the parking location onto the road surface. The driver's 
aid shall be started and the vehicle operated over the driving cycle 
specified in Sec. 86.134-96(b) with the transmission operated in the 
same manner as specified in Sec. 86.128-79. The data recording system 
shall provide a record of the required parameters over the entire period 
of driving.
    (5) Records required. In addition to the vehicle data recording, the 
following parameters shall be documented for the determination of the 
fuel temperature profile:
    (i) Date and time of vehicle fueling;
    (ii) Odometer reading at vehicle fueling;
    (iii) Date and time vehicle was parked, parking location and 
orientation;
    (iv) Odometer reading at parking;
    (v) Date and time engine was started;
    (vi) Time of initiation of first UDDS;
    (vii) Time of completion of the driving cycle;
    (viii) Ambient temperatures throughout the period of driving 
(Tamb);
    (ix) Wind speed throughout the period of driving;
    (x) Track surface temperatures throughout the period of driving 
cycle (Tsur);
    (xi) Percent cloud cover during the period of driving; and
    (xii) Ambient temperature, wind speed, and percent cloud cover 
reported by the nearest weather station for the time corresponding most 
closely to the period of driving.
    (6) Fuel tank pressure. Tank pressure shall not exceed 10 inches of 
water at any time during the temperature profile determination unless a 
pressurized system is used and the manufacturer demonstrates that vapor 
would not be vented to the atmosphere upon fuel cap removal.
    (7) Calculation of temperature profiles. (i) The traces from the 
driving schedule shall be verified to meet the speed tolerance 
requirements of Sec. 86.115. The following conditions shall be verified:

[[Page 469]]

    (A) Tamb,iTamb,o-2  deg.F.

Where,
    (1) i=instantaneous measurement throughout the drive; and
    (2) o=initial measurement at the start of the specified driving 
schedule.
    (B) Tamb,o95  deg.F.
    (C) Tsur,i-Tamb,i30  deg.F.
    (D) Wmax15 mph.
    (ii) Failure to comply with any of these requirements shall result 
in invalidation of the data and require that the procedure be repeated, 
beginning with the fuel drain at paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section.
    (iii) If all these requirements are met, the following calculations 
shall be performed to determine a profile for liquid fuel temperatures 
and, if applicable, for vapor temperatures:
Ti,profile=Ti-To.

Where:
    (A) Ti,profile=the series of temperatures that comprise 
the relative temperature profile.
    (B) Ti=the series of observed liquid fuel or vapor 
temperatures during the drive.
    (C) To=the liquid fuel or vapor temperature observed at 
the start of the specified driving schedule.
    (iv) The relative temperature profile consists of the set of 
temperatures at each 1-minute interval. If temperatures are sampled more 
frequently than once per minute, the temperature data points may 
represent a rolling average of temperatures sampled for up to one-minute 
intervals. If multiple valid test runs are conducted for any model, then 
all the collected data shall be used to calculate a composite profile, 
based on the average temperatures at each point. The absolute 
temperature profile is determined by adding 95  deg.F (35  deg.C) to 
each point of the relative profile. Other methodologies for developing 
corrected liquid fuel and vapor space temperature profiles may be used 
if demonstrated to yield equivalent results and approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
    (v) Manufacturers may use a lower initial fuel temperature for the 
running loss test, if approved in advance by the Administrator. To 
demonstrate the need for such an adjustment, manufacturers would be 
expected to determine the maximum fuel temperature experienced by a 
vehicle during an extended park or after driving one UDDS cycle when 
exposed to the ambient conditions described in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section. To use this provision, manufacturers would have to show maximum 
fuel temperatures no greater than 92  deg.F.

[56 FR 25775, June 5, 1991, as amended at 58 FR 16033, Mar. 24, 1993; 59 
FR 39649, Aug. 3, 1994; 60 FR 43891, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.130-00  Test sequence; general requirements.

    Applicability. Section 86.130-96 (a) through (d) is applicable to 
vehicles tested for the FTP test. Paragraph (e) of this section is 
applicable to vehicles tested for the SFTP supplemental tests of air 
conditioning (SC03) and aggressive driving (US06). Paragraph (f) of this 
section is applicable to all emission testing. Section 86.130-00 
includes text that specifies requirements that differ from Sec. 86.130-
96. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.130-96 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.130-00, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.130-
96.''
    (a) through (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.130-96.
    (e) The supplemental tests for exhaust emissions related to 
aggressive driving (US06) and air conditioning (SC03) use are conducted 
as stand-alone tests as described in Secs. 86.158-00, 86.159-00, and 
86.160-00. These tests may be performed in any sequence that maintains 
the appropriate preconditioning requirements for these tests as 
specified in Sec. 86.132-00.
    (f) If tests are invalidated after collection of emission data from 
previous test segments, the test may be repeated to collect only those 
data points needed to complete emission measurements. Compliance with 
emission standards may be determined by combining emission measurements 
from different test runs. If any emission measurements are repeated, the 
new measurements supersede previous values.

[61 FR 54893, Oct. 22, 1996]

[[Page 470]]



Sec. 86.130-78  Test sequence; general requirements.

    The test sequence shown in figure B78-10 shows the steps encountered 
as the test vehicle undergoes the procedures subsequently described to 
determine conformity with the standards set forth. Ambient temperature 
levels encountered by the test vehicle shall not be less than 68  deg.F 
(20  deg.C) nor more than 86  deg.F (30  deg.C). The temperatures 
monitored during testing must be representative of those experienced by 
the test vehicle. The vehicle shall be approximately level during all 
phases of the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.

[[Page 471]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.162



Sec. 86.130-96  Test sequence; general requirements.

    (a)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. The test sequence 
shown in figure B96-10 shows the steps encountered as the test vehicle 
undergoes the procedures subsequently described to determine conformity 
with the standards set forth. The full three- diurnal sequence depicted 
in figure B96-10 tests vehicles for all sources of evaporative 
emissions. The supplemental two-diurnal test sequence is designed to 
verify that vehicles sufficiently purge their evaporative canisters 
during the exhaust emission test. Sections 86.132-96,

[[Page 472]]

86.133-96 and 86.138-96 describe the separate specifications of the 
supplemental two-diurnal test sequence.
    (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. The test sequence shown in figure B96-
10 shows the steps encountered as the test vehicle undergoes the 
procedures subsequently described to determine conformity with the 
standards set forth, with the exception that the fuel drain and fill and 
precondition canister steps are not required for gaseous-fueled 
vehicles. In addition, the supplemental two-diurnal test and the running 
loss test are not required.
    (b) The vehicle test for fuel spitback during fuel dispensing is 
conducted as a stand-alone test (see Sec. 86.146). This test is not 
required for gaseous-fueled vehicles.
    (c) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle shall 
be not less than 68  deg.F nor more than 86  deg.F, unless otherwise 
specified. If a different ambient temperature is specified for soaking 
the vehicle, the soak period may be interrupted once for up to 10 
minutes to transport the vehicle from one soak area to another, provided 
the ambient temperature experienced by the vehicle is never below 68 
deg.F. The temperatures monitored during testing must be representative 
of those experienced by the test vehicle.
    (d) The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of 
the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.
    (e) If tests are invalidated after collection of emission data from 
previous test segments, the test may be repeated to collect only those 
data points needed to complete emission measurements. Compliance with 
emission standards may be determined by combining emission measurements 
from different test runs. If any emission measurements are repeated, the 
new measurements supersede previous values.

[[Page 473]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.163

[58 FR 16034, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48509, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43893, Aug. 23, 1995]

[[Page 474]]



Sec. 86.131-00  Vehicle preparation.

    Section 86.131-00 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.131-96. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.131-96 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.131-00, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.131-96.''
    (a) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.131-96.
    (f) For vehicles to be tested for aggressive driving emissions 
(US06), provide a throttle position sensing signal that is compatible 
with the test dynamometer. This signal provides the input information 
that controls dynamometer dynamic inertia weight adjustments (see 
Secs. 86.108-00(b)(2)(ii) and 86.129-00(f)(2)). If a manufacturer 
chooses not to implement dynamic inertia adjustments for a portion or 
all of their product line, this requirement is not applicable.

[61 FR 54893, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.131-90  Vehicle preparation.

    (a) For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the 
fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel 
at the approximate mid-volume of the fuel.
    (b) Provide additional fittings and adapters, as required, to 
accommodate a fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as 
installed on the vehicle.

[54 FR 14527, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.131-96  Vehicle preparation.

    (a) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the fuel 
tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as 
described in Sec. 86.107-96(e).
    (b) Provide additional fittings and adapters, as required, to 
accommodate a fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as 
installed on the vehicle.
    (c) For preconditioning that involves loading the evaporative 
emission canister(s) with butane, provide valving or other means as 
necessary to allow purging and loading of the canister(s).
    (d) For vehicles to be tested for running loss emissions, prepare 
the fuel tank(s) for measuring and recording the temperature and 
pressure of the fuel tank as specified in Sec. 86.107-96 (e) and (f). 
Measurement of vapor temperature is optional during the running loss 
test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not 
be measured.
    (e) For vehicles to be tested for running loss emissions, prepare 
the exhaust system by sealing or plugging all detectable sources of 
exhaust gas leaks. The exhaust system shall be tested or inspected to 
ensure that detectable exhaust hydrocarbons are not emitted into the 
running loss enclosure during the running loss test.

[58 FR 16037, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 43895, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.132-00  Vehicle preconditioning.

    Applicability. Section 86.132-96 (a) through (c)(1) and (d) through 
(m) and paragraph (c)(2) of this section are applicable to FTP and 
evaporative emission testing. Paragraphs (n) and (o) of this section are 
applicable to vehicles tested for the SFTP supplemental tests of 
aggressive driving (US06) and air conditioning (SC03). Section 86.132-00 
includes text that specifies requirements that differ from Sec. 86.132-
96. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.132-96 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.132-00, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.132-
96.''
    (a) through (c)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.132-96.
    (c)(2)(i) Once a test vehicle has completed the refueling and 
vehicle soak steps specified in Sec. 86.132-96 (b) and (c)(1), these 
steps may be omitted in subsequent testing with the same vehicle and the 
same fuel specifications, provided the vehicle remains under laboratory 
ambient temperature conditions for at least 6 hours before starting the 
next test. In such cases, each subsequent test shall begin with the 
preconditioning drive specified in Sec. 86.132-96(c)(1). The test 
vehicle may not be used to set dynamometer horsepower.
    (ii) The SFTP test elements of aggressive driving (US06) and air 
conditioning (SC03) can be run immediately or up to 72 hours after the 
official FTP

[[Page 475]]

and/or evaporative test sequence without refueling provided the vehicle 
has remained under laboratory ambient temperature conditions. If the 
time interval exceeds 72 hours or the vehicle leaves the ambient 
temperature conditions of the laboratory, the manufacturer must repeat 
the refueling operation.
    (d) through (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.132-96.
    (n) Aggressive Driving Test (US06) Preconditioning. (1) If the US06 
test follows the exhaust emission FTP or evaporative testing, the 
refueling step may be deleted and the vehicle may be preconditioned 
using the fuel remaining in the tank (see paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 
section). The test vehicle may be pushed or driven onto the test 
dynamometer. Acceptable cycles for preconditioning are as follows:
    (i) If the soak period since the last exhaust test element is less 
than or equal to two hours, preconditioning may consist of a 505, 866, 
highway, US06, or SC03 test cycles.
    (ii) If the soak period since the last exhaust test element is 
greater than two hours, preconditioning consists of one full Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Cycle. Manufacturers, at their option, may elect to 
use the preconditioning in paragraph (n)(1)(i) of this section when the 
soak period exceeds two hours.
    (iii) If a manufacturer has concerns about fuel effects on adaptive 
memory systems, a manufacturer may precondition a test vehicle on test 
fuel and the US06 cycle. Upon request from a manufacturer, the 
administrator will also perform the preconditioning with the US06 cycle.
    (iv) The preconditioning cycles for the US06 test schedule are 
conducted at the same ambient test conditions as the certification US06 
test.
    (2) Following the preconditioning specified in paragraphs (n)(1)(i), 
(ii), and (iii) of this section, the test vehicle is returned to idle 
for one to two minutes before the start of the official US06 test cycle.
    (o) Air Conditioning Test (SC03) Preconditioning. (1) If the SC03 
test follows the exhaust emission FTP or evaporative testing, the 
refueling step may be deleted and the vehicle may be preconditioned 
using the fuel remaining in the tank (see paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 
section). The test vehicle may be pushed or driven onto the test 
dynamometer. Acceptable cycles for preconditioning are as follows:
    (i) If the soak period since the last exhaust test element is less 
than or equal to two hours, preconditioning may consist of a 505, 866, 
or SC03 test cycles.
    (ii) If the soak period since the last exhaust test element is 
greater than two hours, preconditioning consists of one full Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Cycle. Manufacturers, at their option, may elect to 
use the preconditioning in paragraph (o)(1)(i) of this section when the 
soak period exceeds two hours.
    (2) Following the preconditioning specified in paragraphs (o)(1)(i) 
and (ii) of this section, the test vehicle is turned off, the vehicle 
cooling fan(s) is turned off, and the vehicle is allowed to soak for 10 
minutes prior to the start of the official SC03 test cycle.
    (3) The preconditioning cycles for the SC03 air conditioning test 
and the 10 minute soak are conducted at the same ambient test conditions 
as the SC03 certification air conditioning test.

[61 FR 54893, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.132-90  Vehicle preconditioning.

    (a) The vehicle shall be moved to the test area and the following 
operations performed:
    (1) The fuel tank(s) shall be drained through the provided fuel 
tank(s) drain(s) and filled to the prescribed ``tank fuel volume'' with 
the specified test fuel, Sec. 86.113. For the above operations the 
evaporative emission control system shall neither be abnormally purged 
nor abnormally loaded.
    (2) Within one hour of being fueled the vehicle shall be placed, 
either by being driven or pushed, on a dynamometer and operated through 
one Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule test procedure, see Sec. 86.115 
and appendix I. A test vehicle may not be used to set dynamometer 
horsepower.
    (3) For those unusual circumstances where additional preconditioning 
is desired by the manufacturer, such preconditioning may be allowed with 
the advance approval of the Administrator.

[[Page 476]]

    (4) The Administrator may also choose to conduct or require the 
conduct of additional preconditioning to insure that the evaporative 
emission control system is stabilized in the case of gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled vehicles, or to insure that the exhaust system is 
stabilized in the case of petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel vehicles.
    (i) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles. (A) The additional 
preconditioning shall consist of an initial one hour minimum soak and, 
one, two, or three driving cycles of the UDDS, as described in (a)(2) of 
this section, each followed by a soak of at least one hour with engine 
off, engine compartment cover closed and cooling fan off.
    (B) The vehicle may be driven off the dynamometer following each 
UDDS for the soak period.
    (ii) Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles, natural gas-fueled and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. The preconditioning shall 
consist of either of the following:
    (A) The additional preconditioning described in paragraph (a)(4)(i) 
of this section; or
    (B) For abnormally treated vehicles, as defined in Sec. 86.085-2, 
two Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedules, found in part 600 appendix 
I, run in immediate succession, with the road load power set at twice 
the value obtained from Sec. 86.129-80.
    (b) Within five minutes of completion of preconditioning, the 
vehicle shall be driven off the dynamometer and parked. The vehicle 
shall be stored for not less than 12 hours nor for more than 36 hours 
prior to the cold start exhaust test. (Gasoline-fueled and methanol-
fueled vehicles undergo a one-hour diurnal heat build prior to the cold 
start exhaust test. A wait of up to one hour is permitted between the 
end of the diurnal heat build and the beginning of the cold start 
exhaust test. See Sec. 86.130 and Figure B79-5.)
    (c) Vehicles to be tested for evaporative emissions shall be 
processed in accordance with procedures in Secs. 86.133 through 86.138. 
Vehicles to be tested for exhaust emissions only shall be processed 
according to Sec. 86.133 through Sec. 86.137.

[54 FR 14527, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48509, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.132-96  Vehicle preconditioning.

    (a) Fuel tank cap(s) of gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles shall 
be removed during any period that the vehicle is parked outdoors 
awaiting testing, to prevent unusual loading of the canisters. During 
this time care must be taken to prevent entry of water or other 
contaminants into the fuel tank. During storage in the test area while 
awaiting testing, the fuel tank cap(s) may be in place. The vehicle 
shall be moved into the test area and the following operations 
performed.
    (b)(1) Gasoline- and Methanol-Fueled Vehicles. Drain the fuel 
tank(s) and fill with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.113, to the 
``tank fuel volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The fuel cap(s) shall be 
installed within one minute after refueling.
    (2) Gaseous-Fueled Vehicles. Vehicle fuel tanks to be filled with 
fuel that meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. Fuel tanks shall be 
filled to a minimum of 75% of service pressure for natural gas-fueled 
vehicles or a minimum of 75% of available fill volume for liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Prior draining of the fuel tanks is not 
called for if the fuel in the tanks already meets the specifications in 
Sec. 86.113.
    (c)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles shall be soaked for at 
least 6 hours after being refueled. Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles and 
gaseous-fueled vehicles shall be soaked for at least 1 hour after being 
refueled. Following this soak period, the test vehicle shall be placed, 
either by being driven or pushed, on a dynamometer and operated through 
one Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), specified in Sec. 86.115 
and appendix I of this part.
    (2) Once a test vehicle has completed the refueling and vehicle soak 
steps specified in paragraphs (b) and (c)(1) of this section, these 
steps may be omitted in subsequent testing with the same vehicle and the 
same fuel specifications, provided the vehicle remains under laboratory 
ambient temperature

[[Page 477]]

conditions for at least 6 hours before starting the next test. In such 
cases, each subsequent test shall begin with the preconditioning drive 
specified in this paragraph. The test vehicle may not be used to set 
dynamometer horsepower.
    (d) For unusual circumstances where the need for additional 
preconditioning is demonstrated by the manufacturer, such 
preconditioning may be allowed with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (e) The Administrator may also choose to conduct or require to be 
conducted additional preconditioning to ensure that the evaporative 
emission control system is stabilized in the case of gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled vehicles, or to ensure that the exhaust system is 
stabilized in the case of petroleum- and methanol-fueled diesel 
vehicles. The preconditioning shall consist of one of the following:
    (1) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. (i) Additional 
preconditioning shall consist of no more than 50 miles of mileage 
accumulation under typical driving conditions, either on the road or on 
a dynamometer.
    (ii) In the case of repeat testing on a flexible-fueled vehicle, in 
which the test fuel is changed, the following preconditioning procedure 
shall be used. This additional preconditioning allows the vehicle to 
adapt to the new fuel before the next test run.
    (A) Purge the vehicle's evaporative canister for 60 minutes at 0.8 
cfm.
    (B) Drain the fuel tank(s) and fill with 3 gallons of the test fuel.
    (C) Start the vehicle and allow it to idle for 1 minute.
    (D) Drain the fuel tank(s) and fill with the new test fuel to the 
``tank fuel volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The average temperature 
of the dispensed fuel shall be less than 60  deg.F.
    (E) Conduct a heat build according to the procedure specified in 
Sec. 86.133-90.
    (F) The vehicle shall be placed, either by being driven or pushed, 
on a dynamometer and operated through one UDDS, specified in Sec. 86.115 
and appendix I of this part.
    (G) Following the dynamometer drive, the vehicle shall be turned off 
for 5 minutes, then restarted and allowed to idle for 1 minute. The 
vehicle shall then be turned off for 1 minute, and allowed to idle again 
for 1 minute.
    (H) After the vehicle is turned off the last time, it may be tested 
for evaporative and exhaust emissions, starting with paragraph (a) of 
this section.
    (2) For petroleum-fueled diesel, methanol-fueled diesel, and 
gaseous-fueled vehicles. The preconditioning shall consist of either of 
the following:
    (i) An initial one hour minimum soak and, one, two, or three driving 
cycles of the UDDS, as described in paragraph (c) of this section, each 
followed by a soak of at least one hour with engine off, engine 
compartment cover closed and cooling fan off. The vehicle may be driven 
off the dynamometer following each UDDS for the soak period; or
    (ii) For abnormally treated vehicles, as defined in Sec. 86.085-2 or 
Sec. 86.1803-01 as applicable, two Highway Fuel Economy Driving 
Schedules, found in 40 CFR part 600, appendix I, run in immediate 
succession, with the road load power set at twice the value obtained 
from Sec. 86.129-80.
    (f)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. After completion of 
the preconditioning drive, the vehicle shall be driven off the 
dynamometer. The vehicle's fuel tank(s) shall be drained and then filled 
with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.113, to the ``tank fuel volume'' 
defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The vehicle shall be refueled within 1 hour 
after completion of the preconditioning drive. The fuel cap(s) shall be 
installed within 1 minute after refueling. The vehicle shall be parked 
within five minutes after refueling.
    (2) Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles. Within five minutes after 
completion after the preconditioning drive, the vehicle shall be driven 
off the dynamometer and parked.
    (3) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. After completion of the preconditioning 
drive, the vehicle shall be driven off the dynamometer. Vehicle fuel 
tanks shall be refilled with fuel that meets the specifications in 
Sec. 86.113. Fuel tanks shall be filled to a minimum of 75% of service 
pressure for natural gas-fueled vehicles or a minimum of 75% of 
available fill volume for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Prior 
draining of the fuel tanks is not called for if the fuel in

[[Page 478]]

the tanks already meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. The vehicle 
shall be parked within five minutes after refueling, or, in the absence 
of refueling, within five minutes after completion of the 
preconditioning drive.
    (g) The vehicle shall be soaked for not less than 12 hours nor more 
than 36 hours between the end of the refueling event and the beginning 
of the cold start exhaust emission test.
    (h) During the soak period for the three-diurnal test sequence 
described in Sec. 86.130-96, evaporative canisters, if the vehicle is so 
equipped, shall be preconditioned according to the following procedure. 
For vehicles with multiple canisters in a series configuration, the set 
of canisters must be preconditioned as a unit. For vehicles with 
multiple canisters in a parallel configuration, each canister must be 
preconditioned separately. If production evaporative canisters are 
equipped with a functional service port designed for vapor load or purge 
steps, the service port shall be used during testing to precondition the 
canister. In addition, for model year 1998 and later vehicles equipped 
with refueling canisters, these canisters shall be preconditioned for 
the three-diurnal test sequence according to the procedure in paragraph 
(j)(1) of this section. If a vehicle is designed to actively control 
evaporative or refueling emissions without a canister, the manufacturer 
shall devise an appropriate preconditioning procedure, subject to the 
approval of the Administrator.
    (1)(i) Prepare the evaporative emission canister for the canister 
purging and loading operation. The canister shall not be removed from 
the vehicle, unless access to the canister in its normal location is so 
restricted that purging and loading can only reasonably be accomplished 
by removing the canister from the vehicle. Special care shall be taken 
during this step to avoid damage to the components and the integrity of 
the fuel system. A replacement canister may be temporarily installed 
during the soak period while the canister from the test vehicle is 
preconditioned.
    (ii) The canister purge shall be performed with ambient air of 
humidity controlled to 5025 grains per pound of dry air. 
This may be accomplished by purging the canister in a room that is 
conditioned to this level of absolute humidity. The flow rate of the 
purge air shall be maintained at a nominal flow rate of 0.8 cfm and the 
duration shall be determined to provide a total purge volume flow 
through the canister equivalent to 300 canister bed volume exchanges. 
The bed volume is based on the volume of adsorbing material in the 
canister.
    (iii) The evaporative emission canister shall then be loaded by 
sending to the canister an amount of commercial grade butane vapors 
equivalent to 1.5 times its nominal working capacity. The canister shall 
be loaded with a mixture composed of 50 percent butane and 50 percent 
nitrogen by volume at a rate of 152 grams butane per hour. 
If the canister loading at that rate takes longer than 12 hours, a 
manufacturer may determine a new rate, based on completing the canister 
loading in no less than 12 hours. The new rate may be used for all 
subsequent canister loading according to paragraph (h) of this section. 
The time of initiation and completion of the canister loading shall be 
recorded.
    (iv) The determination of a canister's nominal working capacity 
shall be based on the average capacity of no less than five canisters 
that are in a stabilized condition.
    (A) For stabilization, each canister must be loaded no less than 10 
times and no more than 100 times to 2-gram breakthrough with a 50/50 
mixture by volume of butane and nitrogen, at a rate of 15 grams butane 
per hour. Each canister loading step must be preceded by canister 
purging with 300 canister bed volume exchanges at 0.8 cfm.
    (B) For determining working capacity, each canister must first be 
purged with 300 canister bed volume exchanges at 0.8 cfm. The working 
capacity of each canister shall be established by determining the mass 
of butane required to load the canister from the purged state so that it 
emits 2 grams of hydrocarbon vapor; the canister must be loaded with a 
50/50 mixture by volume of butane and nitrogen, at a rate of 15 grams 
butane per hour.
    (2) For methanol-fueled and flexible-fueled vehicles, canister 
preconditioning shall be performed with a fuel

[[Page 479]]

vapor composition representative of that which the vehicle would 
generate with the fuel mixture used for the current test. Manufacturers 
shall develop a procedure to precondition the evaporative canister, if 
the vehicle is so equipped, for the different fuel. The procedure shall 
represent a canister loading equivalent to that specified in paragraph 
(h)(1) of this section and shall be approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, one of the following methods shall be used to 
precondition evaporative canisters during the soak period specified in 
paragraph (g) of this section. For vehicles with multiple canisters in a 
series configuration, the set of canisters must be preconditioned as a 
unit. For vehicles with multiple canisters in a parallel configuration, 
each canister must be preconditioned separately. In addition, for model 
year 1998 and later vehicles equipped with refueling canisters, these 
canisters shall be preconditioned for the supplemental two-diurnal test 
sequence according to the procedure in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 
Canister emissions are measured to determine breakthrough. Breakthrough 
is here defined as the point at which the cumulative quantity of 
hydrocarbons emitted is equal to 2 grams.
    (1) Butane loading to breakthrough. The following procedure provides 
for emission measurement in an enclosure. Breakthrough may also be 
determined by measuring the weight gain of an auxiliary evaporative 
canister connected downstream of the vehicle's canister, in which case, 
the following references to the enclosure can be ignored. The auxiliary 
canister shall be well purged prior to loading. If production 
evaporative canisters are equipped with a functional service port 
designed for vapor load or purge steps, the service port shall be used 
during testing to precondition the canister.
    (i) Prepare the evaporative/refueling emission canister for the 
canister loading operation. The canister shall not be removed from the 
vehicle, unless access to the canister in its normal location is so 
restricted that purging and loading can only reasonably be accomplished 
by removing the canister from the vehicle. Special care shall be taken 
during this step to avoid damage to the components and the integrity of 
the fuel system. A replacement canister may be temporarily installed 
during the soak period while the canister from the test vehicle is 
preconditioned.
    (ii) The evaporative emission enclosure shall be purged for several 
minutes. Warning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of 
methanol, or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides at 
least a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (iii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the canister loading procedure.
    (iv) If not already on, the evaporative enclosure mixing fan shall 
be turned on at this time.
    (v) Place the vehicle in a sealed enclosure and measure emissions 
with a FID.
    (vi)(A) For gasoline-fueled vehicles, load the canister with a 
mixture composed of 50 percent butane and 50 percent nitrogen by volume 
at a rate of 40 grams butane per hour.
    (B) For methanol-fueled and flexible-fueled vehicles, canister 
preconditioning shall be performed with a fuel vapor composition 
representative of that which the vehicle would generate with the fuel 
mixture used for the current test. Manufacturers shall develop a 
procedure to precondition the evaporative canister, if the vehicle is so 
equipped, for the different fuel.
    (vii) As soon as the canister reaches breakthrough, the vapor source 
shall be shut off.
    (viii) Reconnect the evaporative/refueling emission canister and 
restore the vehicle to its normal operating condition.
    (2) Load with repeated diurnal heat builds to breakthrough. The 
following procedure provides for emission measurement in an enclosure. 
Breakthrough may also be determined by measuring the weight gain of an 
auxiliary evaporative canister connected downstream of the vehicle's 
canister, in which case,

[[Page 480]]

the following references to the enclosure can be ignored. The auxiliary 
canister shall be well purged with dry air prior to loading.
    (i) The evaporative emission enclosure shall be purged for several 
minutes. Warning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of 
methanol, or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides at 
least a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (ii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the diurnal heat builds.
    (iii) If not already on, the evaporative enclosure mixing fan shall 
be turned on at this time.
    (iv) The fuel tank(s) of the prepared vehicle shall be drained and 
filled with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.113, to the ``tank fuel 
volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The average temperature of the 
dispensed fuel shall be 6012  deg.F (167 
deg.C). The fuel tank cap(s) shall be installed within 1 minute after 
refueling.
    (v) Within one hour of being refueled, the vehicle shall be placed, 
with the engine shut off, in the evaporative emission enclosure. The 
fuel tank temperature sensor shall be connected to the temperature 
recording system. A heat source, specified in Sec. 86.107-90(a)(4), 
shall be properly positioned with respect to the fuel tank(s) and 
connected to the temperature controller.
    (vi) The temperature recording system shall be started.
    (vii) The fuel may be artificially heated to the starting diurnal 
temperature.
    (viii) When the fuel temperature reaches at least 69  deg.F (21 
deg.C), immediately: turn off purge blower (if not already off); close 
and seal enclosure doors; and initiate measurement of the hydrocarbon 
level in the enclosure.
    (ix) When the fuel temperature reaches 722  deg.F 
(221  deg.C), start the diurnal heat build.
    (x) The fuel shall be heated in such a way that its temperature 
change conforms to the following function to within 4  deg.F 
(3  deg.C):

    F=To+0.4t; or


for SI units,

    C=To+(2/9)t.

Where,

F=fuel temperature,  deg.F;
C=fuel temperature,  deg.C;
t=time since beginning of test, minutes; and
To=initial temperature in  deg.F (  deg.C for SI units).

    (xi) As soon as breakthrough occurs or when the fuel temperature 
reaches 96  deg.F (36  deg.C), whichever occurs first, the heat source 
shall be turned off, the enclosure doors shall be unsealed and opened, 
and the vehicle fuel tank cap(s) shall be removed. If breakthrough has 
not occurred by the time the fuel temperature reaches 96  deg.F (36 
deg.C), the heat source shall be removed from the vehicle, the vehicle 
shall be removed (with engine still off) from the evaporative emission 
enclosure and the entire procedure outlined in paragraph (j)(2) of this 
section shall be repeated until breakthrough occurs.
    (xii) After breakthrough occurs, the fuel tank(s) of the prepared 
vehicle shall be drained and filled with test fuel, as specified in 
Sec. 86.113, to the ``tank fuel volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The 
fuel shall be stabilized to a temperature within 3  deg.F of the lab 
ambient before beginning the driving cycle for the exhaust emission 
test.
    (k) The Administrator may conduct the vehicle preparation and 
preconditioning for measurement of fuel economy or exhaust emissions 
according to the procedures specified in Secs. 86.132-90 and 86.133-90, 
in lieu of the procedures specified in this section.
    (l) Vehicles to be tested for exhaust emissions only shall be 
processed according to Secs. 86.135 through 86.137. Vehicles to be 
tested for evaporative emissions shall be processed in accordance with 
the procedures in Secs. 86.133 through 86.138, starting with 
Sec. 86.135.
    (m) Vehicles to be tested for evaporative emissions with the 
supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, 
shall proceed according to Secs. 86.135 through 86.137, followed by the 
supplemental hot soak test (see

[[Page 481]]

Sec. 86.138-96(k)) and the supplemental diurnal emission test (see 
Sec. 86.133-96(p)).

[58 FR 16037, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 16296, Apr. 6, 1994; 59 
FR 48509, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 43895, Aug. 23, 1995; 64 FR 23922, May 
4, 1999]



Sec. 86.133-90  Diurnal breathing loss test.

    (a)(1) Following vehicle preparation and vehicle preconditioning 
procedures described in Secs. 86.131 and 86.132 the test vehicle shall 
be allowed to soak for a period of not less than 12 or more than 36 
hours prior to the exhaust emission test. The diurnal test shall start 
not less than 10 or more than 35 hours after the end of the 
preconditioning procedure. The start of the exhaust test shall follow 
the end of the diurnal test within one hour.
    (2) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles to be tested for 
exhaust emissions only shall undergo the diurnal heat build. Since no 
evaporative measurements are necessary, an evaporative enclosure is not 
required.
    (b) The evaporative emission enclosure shall be purged for several 
minutes immediately prior to the test.
    Note: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol 
or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the enclosure 
should be immediately purged. The concentration provides a 4:1 safety 
factor of hydrocarbons and methanol against the lean flammability limit.
    (c) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the test.
    (d) Impingers charged with known volumes of pure deionized water 
shall be placed in the methanol sampling system (methanol-fueled 
vehicles only).
    (e) If not already on, evaporative enclosure mixing fan shall be 
turned on at this time.
    (f) Immediately prior to the diurnal breathing loss test, the fuel 
tank(s) of the prepared vehicle shall be drained and recharged with the 
specified test fuel, Sec. 86.113, to the prescribed ``tank fuel 
volume,'' defined in Sec. 86.078-2. The temperature of the fuel prior to 
its delivery to the fuel tank shall be between 45 deg. and 60  deg.F 
(7.2  deg.C and 16  deg.C). The fuel tank cap(s) is not installed until 
the diurnal heat build begins.
    (g) The test vehicle, with the engine shut off, shall be moved into 
the evaporative emission enclosure, the test vehicle windows and luggage 
compartment(s) shall be opened, the fuel tank temperature sensor shall 
be connected to the temperature recording system, and, if required, the 
heat source shall be properly positioned with respect to the fuel 
tank(s) and/or connected to the temperature controller.
    (h) The temperature recording system shall be started.
    (i) The fuel may be artificially heated to the starting diurnal 
temperature.
    (j) When the fuel temperature recording system reaches at least 58 
deg.F (14  deg.C), immediately:
    (1) Install fuel tank cap(s).
    (2) Turn off purge blowers, if not already off at this time.
    (3) Close and seal enclosure doors.
    (k) When the fuel temperature recording system reaches 
60 deg.2  deg.F (16 deg.1.1  deg.C), 
immediately:
    (1) Analyze enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This 
is the initial (time = 0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCi, Sec. 86.143.
    (2) Simultaneously with initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis, 
initiate collection of the methanol sample by drawing a sample from the 
enclosure through the sampling system for four minutes. This is the 
initial methanol measurement from which methanol concentration 
CCH3OHi and mass are calculated. Remove impingers and replace 
with freshly charged clean impingers which will be used to collect the 
final methanol sample.
    (3) Start diurnal heat build and record time. This commences the 
602 minute test period.
    (l) The fuel shall be heated in such a way that its temperature 
change conforms to the following function to within 3  deg.F 
(1.6  deg.C):
    (1) F = To + 0.4t.
    (2) For SI units, C = To + (2/9)t.

Where:
    (3) F = fuel temperature,  deg.F.
    (4) C = fuel temperature,  deg.C.
    (5) t = time since beginning of test, minutes.
    (6) To = initial temperature.
    After 602 minutes of heating, the fuel temperature rise 
shall be 24 deg.1  deg.F (13.4  deg.C0.5 
deg.C).

[[Page 482]]

    (m) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the end of the diurnal test.
    (n) The end of the diurnal breathing loss test occurs 
602 minutes after the heat build begins, paragraph (j)(2). 
Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This is 
the final (time = 60 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCf, Sec. 86.143. The time (or elapsed time) of this 
analysis shall be recorded.
    (o) Simultaneously with the start of the hydrocarbon analysis, 
initiate collection of the methanol sample. Sample for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the final methanol sample.
    (p) Alternate method for methanol sampling. Since sample times of 
longer than four minutes may be necessary in order to collect an 
adequate and representative sample of methanol at the end of a test 
(when SHED concentrations are usually increasing rapidly), it may be 
necessary to rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and then 
bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow rate. 
The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flowing 
through the impingers should be minimized in order to prevent any 
losses. This alternative must be adopted if the four minute sample 
period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to 
allow accurate GC analysis.
    (q) Once the final methanol sample has been collected, the heat 
source shall be turned off and the enclosure doors unsealed and opened.
    (r) The heat source shall be moved away from the vehicle, if 
required, and/or disconnected from the temperature controller, the fuel 
tank temperature sensor shall be disconnected from the temperature 
recording system, the test vehicle windows and luggage compartments may 
be closed and the test vehicle, with the engine shut off, shall be 
removed from the evaporative emission enclosure.
    (s) For vehicles with multiple tanks, the largest tank shall be 
designated as the primary tank and shall be heated in accordance with 
the procedures described in paragraph (1) of this section. All other 
tanks shall be designated as auxiliary tanks and shall undergo a similar 
heat build such that the fuel temperature shall be within 3  deg.F (1.6 
deg.C) of the primary tank.

[54 FR 14528, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.133-96  Diurnal emission test.

    (a)(1) The diurnal emission test for gasoline-, methanol- and 
gaseous-fueled vehicles consists of three 24-hour test cycles following 
the hot soak test. Emissions are measured for each 24-hour cycle, with 
the highest emission level used to determine compliance with the 
standards specified in subpart A of this part. The Administrator may 
truncate a test after any 24-hour cycle without affecting the validity 
of the collected data. Sampling of emissions from the running loss and 
hot soak tests is not required as preparation for the diurnal emission 
test. The diurnal emission test may be conducted as part of either the 
three- diurnal test sequence or the supplemental two-diurnal test 
sequence, as described in Sec. 86.130-96.
    (2) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, the diurnal emission 
test outlined in paragraphs (b) through (o) of this section follows the 
high-temperature hot soak test concluded in Sec. 86.138-96(j).
    (3) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, the diurnal 
emission test outlined in paragraph (p) of this section follows the 
alternate hot soak test specified in Sec. 86.138-96(k). This test is not 
required for gaseous-fueled vehicles.
    (b) The test vehicle shall be soaked for not less than 6 hours nor 
more than 36 hours between the end of the hot soak test and the start of 
the diurnal emission test. For at least the last 6 hours of this period, 
the vehicle shall be soaked at 72 deg.3  deg.F. The 
temperature tolerance may be waived for up to 10 minutes to allow 
purging of the enclosure or transporting the vehicle into the enclosure 
at the beginning of the diurnal emission test.
    (c) The test vehicle shall be exposed to ambient temperatures cycled 
according to the profile specified in Sec. 86.133 and appendix II of 
this part.
    (1) Temperatures measured with the underbody temperature sensor 
shall

[[Page 483]]

follow the profile with a maximum deviation of 3  deg.F at any time and 
an average temperature deviation not to exceed 2  deg.F, where the 
average deviation is calculated using the absolute value of each 
measured deviation. In addition, the temperature from the sidewall 
temperature sensors shall follow the profile with a maximum deviation of 
5  deg.F at any time.
    (2) Ambient temperatures shall be measured at least every minute. 
Temperature cycling shall begin when time=0 minutes, as specified in 
paragraph (i)(5) of this section.
    (d) The diurnal enclosure shall be purged for several minutes prior 
to the test. Warning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, 
of methanol or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides at 
least a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (e) The test vehicle, with the engine shut off and the test vehicle 
windows and luggage compartment(s) opened, shall be moved into the 
diurnal enclosure.
    (f)-(g) [Reserved]
    (h) Prior to sampling for emissions and throughout the period of 
cycled ambient temperatures, the mixing fan(s) shall circulate the air 
at a rate of 0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of ambient volume. 
The mixing fan(s), plus any additional fans if needed, shall also 
maintain a minimum wind speed of 5 mph (8 km/hr) under the fuel tank of 
the test vehicle. The Administrator may adjust fan speed and location to 
ensure sufficient air circulation around the fuel tank. The wind speed 
requirement may be satisfied by consistently using a fan configuration 
that has been demonstrated to maintain a broad 5-mph air flow in the 
vicinity of the vehicle's fuel tank, subject to verification by the 
Administrator.
    (i) Emission sampling may begin as follows:
    (1) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the sampling.
    (2) Impingers charged with known volumes of pure deionized water 
shall be placed in the methanol sampling system (methanol-fueled 
vehicles only).
    (3) Turn off purge blowers (if not already off).
    (4) Close and seal enclosure doors (if not already closed and 
sealed).
    (5) Within 10 minutes of closing and sealing the doors, analyze 
enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This is the initial 
(time=0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, CHCi, required in 
Sec. 86.143. Hydrocarbon emissions may be sampled continuously during 
the test period.
    (6) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the initial methanol concentration, 
CCH3OHi, required in Sec. 86.143. Record the time 
elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-minute sample period is 
inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to allow 
accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and 
then bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow 
rate. The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flow 
through the impingers should be minimized to prevent any losses. If the 
test is conducted in a fixed-volume enclosure that allows airflow into 
and out of the enclosure, the effect of makeup air dilution must be 
factored into the analysis.
    (j) If testing indicates that a vehicle design may result in fuel 
temperature responses during enclosure testing that are not 
representative of in-use summertime conditions, the Administrator may 
adjust air circulation and temperature during the test as needed to 
ensure that the test sufficiently duplicates the vehicle's in-use 
experience.
    (k) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the end of each emission sampling period.
    (l) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol collection 
system immediately prior to the end of each emission measurement, if 
applicable.
    (m) The end of the first, second, and third emission sampling period 
shall occur 14406, 28806, 43206 
minutes, respectively, after the beginning of the

[[Page 484]]

initial sampling, as specified in paragraph (i)(5) of this section.
    (1) At the end of each emission sampling period, analyze the 
enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This is the final 
hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf, required in Sec. 86.143. The 
emission measurement at the end of each period becomes the initial 
hydrocarbon concentration, CHCi, of the next emission 
sampling period.
    (2) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the final (time=1440 minutes) 
methanol concentration, CCH3OHf, required in 
Sec. 86.143. Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-
minute sample period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient 
concentration to allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the 
methanol sample in a bag and then bubble the bag sample through the 
impingers at the specified flow rate. The time elapsed between 
collection of the bag sample and flow through the impingers should be 
minimized to prevent any losses. If the test is conducted in a fixed-
volume enclosure that allows airflow into and out of the enclosure, the 
effect of makeup air dilution must be factored into the analysis.
    (n) At the end of the temperature cycling period the enclosure doors 
shall be unsealed and opened, the test vehicle windows and luggage 
compartments may be closed and the test vehicle, with the engine shut 
off, shall be removed from the enclosure.
    (o) This completes the full three-diurnal evaporative emission test 
sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96.
    (p) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.130-96, the following steps shall be performed in lieu of the 
steps described in paragraphs (b) through (n) of this section.
    (1) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, the test vehicle 
shall be soaked for not less than 6 hours nor more than 36 hours between 
the end of the hot soak test described in Sec. 86.138-96(k), and the 
start of the two-diurnal emission test. For at least the last 6 hours of 
this period, the vehicle shall be soaked at 723  deg.F.
    (2) The vehicle shall be tested for diurnal emissions according to 
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) through (n) of this section, 
except that the test includes only two 24-hour periods. Therefore the 
end of the first and second emission sampling periods shall occur 
14406 and 28806 minutes, respectively, after the 
initial sampling.
    (3) This completes the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence for 
evaporative emission measurement.

[58 FR 16039, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48509, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43896, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.134-96  Running loss test.

    (a) Overview. Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles are to be 
tested for running loss emissions during simulated high-temperature 
urban driving; this test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles. 
During operation, tank temperatures are controlled according to a 
prescribed profile to simulate in-use conditions. If the vehicle is 
determined to have exceeded the standard before the end of the running 
loss test, the test may be terminated without invalidating the data. The 
test can be run either in a sealed enclosure or with the point-source 
method, as specified in paragraph (g) of this section. Measurement of 
vapor temperature is optional during the running loss test; however, if 
testing by the Administrator shows that a vehicle has exceeded an 
emission standard without measurement of vapor temperatures, the 
manufacturer may, utilizing its own resources, conduct subsequent 
testing on that vehicle to determine if the exceedance is attributable 
to inadequate control of vapor temperatures.
    (b) Driving schedule. Conduct the running loss test by operating the 
test vehicle through one Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), a 2-
minute idle, two New York City Cycles, another 2-minute idle, another 
UDDS, then another 2-minute idle (see Sec. 86.115 and appendix I of this 
part). Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission 
in gear. Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial 
vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule. The transmission shall be

[[Page 485]]

operated according to the specifications of Sec. 86.128 during the 
driving cycles.
    (c) Dynamometer Operation. (1) The exhaust from the vehicle must be 
routed outside the test cell or enclosure. Exhaust gases may, but need 
not, be collected and sampled.
    (2) Provisions of Sec. 86.135-90(c) shall apply.
    (3) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may not be 
performed at test point.
    (4) Provisions of Sec. 86.135-90 (e) and (f) shall apply.
    (5) If the dynamometer horsepower must be adjusted manually, it 
shall be set within 1 hour prior to the running loss test phase. The 
test vehicle shall not be used to make this adjustment. Dynamometers 
using automatic control of preselectable power settings may be set any 
time prior to the beginning of the emissions test.
    (6) Dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions shall be used to determine 
the actual driving distance for the running loss test, DRL, 
required in Sec. 86.143. The revolutions shall be measured on the same 
roll or shaft used for measuring the vehicle's speed.
    (7) Provisions of Sec. 86.135-90(i) shall apply.
    (8) The test run may be stopped if a warning light or gauge 
indicates that the vehicle's engine coolant has overheated.
    (d) Engine Starting and Restarting. (1) Provisions of Sec. 86.136-
90(a) shall apply.
    (2) If the vehicle does not start after the manufacturer's 
recommended cranking time (or 10 continuous seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation), cranking shall cease for the period 
recommended by the manufacturer (or 10 seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation). This may be repeated for up to three 
start attempts. If the vehicle does not start after three attempts, the 
reason for failure to start shall be determined. If failure to start is 
an operational error, the vehicle shall be rescheduled for testing, 
starting with the soak period immediately preceding the running loss 
test.
    (3) If failure to start is caused by a vehicle malfunction, 
corrective action of less than 30 minutes duration may be taken 
(according to Sec. 86.090-25), and the test continued, provided that the 
ambient conditions to which the vehicle is exposed are maintained at 
955  deg.F (353  deg.C). When the engine starts, 
the timing sequence of the driving schedule shall begin. If failure to 
start is caused by vehicle malfunction and the vehicle cannot be 
started, the test shall be voided, the vehicle removed from the 
dynamometer, and corrective action may be taken according to 
Sec. 86.090-25. The reason for the malfunction (if determined) and the 
corrective action taken shall be reported to the Administrator.
    (4) Provisions of Sec. 86.136-90(e) shall apply.
    (e) Pressure checks. No pressure checks of the evaporative system 
shall be allowed. Under no circumstances will any changes/repairs to the 
evaporative emissions control system be allowed.
    (f) Temperature stabilization. Immediately after the hot transient 
exhaust emission test, the vehicle shall be soaked in a temperature 
controlled area for a maximum of 6 hours until the fuel temperature is 
stabilized. The fuel may be heated or cooled to stabilize fuel 
temperatures, but the fuel heating rate must not exceed 5  deg.F in any 
1-hour interval during the soak period. A manufacturer may use a faster 
heating rate or a longer period for stabilizing fuel temperatures if the 
needed heating cannot be easily accomplished in the 6-hour period, 
subject to Administrator approval.
    (1) Fuel temperatures must be held at 95 3  deg.F for at 
least one hour before the start of the running loss test.
    (2) If a vehicle's fuel temperature profile has an initial 
temperature lower than 95  deg.F, as described in Sec. 86.129-
94(d)(7)(v), the fuel in the test vehicle must be stabilized to within 3 
 deg.F of that temperature for at least one hour before the start of the 
running loss test.
    (g) Running loss test. The running loss test may be conducted either 
by the enclosure method, or by the point-source method.
    (1) Enclosure method. (i) The running loss enclosure shall be purged 
for several minutes immediately prior to the

[[Page 486]]

test. Warning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of 
methanol, or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides at 
least a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (ii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the test.
    (iii) If not already on, the running loss enclosure mixing fan(s) 
shall be turned on at this time. Throughout the test, the mixing fan(s) 
shall circulate the air at a rate of at least 1.0 cfm per cubic foot of 
ambient volume.
    (iv) The test vehicle, with the engine off, shall be moved onto the 
dynamometer in the running loss enclosure. The vehicle engine 
compartment cover shall be unlatched, but closed as much as possible, 
allowing for the air intake equipment specified in paragraph (g)(1)(vii) 
of this section. The vehicle engine compartment cover may be closed if 
alternate routing is found for the air intake equipment. Any windows, 
doors, and luggage compartments shall be closed. A window may be opened 
to direct cooling air into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, if 
the vehicle is not equipped with its own air conditioning.
    (v) Fans shall be positioned as described in Secs. 86.107-96 (d) and 
(h).
    (vi) The vehicle air conditioning system (if so equipped) shall be 
set to the ``normal'' air conditioning mode and adjusted to the minimum 
discharge air temperature and high fan speed. Vehicles equipped with 
automatic temperature controlled air conditioning systems shall be set 
to operate in ``automatic'' temperature and fan modes with the system 
set at 72  deg.F.
    (vii) Connect the air intake equipment to the vehicle, if 
applicable. This connection shall be made to minimize leakage.
    (viii) The temperature and pressure recording systems shall be 
started. Measurement of vapor temperature is optional during the running 
loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need 
not be measured.
    (ix) Turn off purge blowers (if not already off).
    (x) The temperature of the liquid fuel shall be monitored and 
recorded at least every 15 seconds with the temperature recording system 
specified in Sec. 86.107-96(e).
    (xi) Close and seal the enclosure doors.
    (xii) When the ambient temperature is 955  deg.F 
(353  deg.C) and the fuel has been stabilized according to 
paragraph (f) of this section, the running loss test may begin. Measure 
the initial ambient temperature and pressure.
    (A) Analyze enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This 
is the initial (time=0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCi, required in Sec. 86.143. Hydrocarbon emissions may be 
sampled continuously during the test period.
    (B) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the initial (time=0 minutes) 
methanol concentration, CCH3OHi, required in 
Sec. 86.143. Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-
minute sample period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient 
concentration to allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the 
methanol sample in a bag and then bubble the bag sample through the 
impingers at the specified flow rate. The time elapsed between 
collection of the bag sample and flow through the impingers should be 
minimized to prevent any losses.
    (xiii) Start the engine and begin operation of the vehicle over the 
drive cycle specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (xiv) The ambient temperature shall be maintained at 955 
 deg.F (952  deg.F on average) during the running loss test, 
measured at the inlet to the cooling fan in front of the vehicle; it 
shall be recorded at least every 60 seconds.
    (xv) The fuel temperature during the dynamometer drive shall be 
controlled to match the fuel tank temperature profile determined in 
Sec. 86.129. Measured fuel temperatures must be within 3 
deg.F of the target profile throughout the test run. Vapor temperatures, 
if measured, must be within 5  deg.F of the target profile 
during the first 4186 seconds of

[[Page 487]]

the running loss test, and within 3  deg.F for the remaining 
120 seconds of the test run. For any vehicle complying with the test 
standards, vapor temperatures may be higher than the specified 
tolerances without invalidating test results. For testing by the 
Administrator, vapor temperatures may be lower than the specified 
tolerances without invalidating test results. If the test vehicle has 
more than one fuel tank, the temperatures for both fuel tanks shall 
follow the target profiles determined in Sec. 86.129. The control system 
shall be tuned and operated to provide smooth and continuous tank 
temperature profiles that are representative of the on-road profiles.
    (xvi) Tank pressure shall not exceed 10 inches of water at any time 
during the running loss test unless a pressurized system is used and the 
manufacturer demonstrates that vapor would not be vented to the 
atmosphere upon fuel cap removal. A vehicle may exceed the pressure 
limit for temporary periods during the running loss test, up to 10 
percent of the total driving time, provided that the vehicle has 
demonstrated conformance with the pressure limit during the entire 
outdoor driving period specified in Sec. 86.129. Measurement of fuel 
tank pressures will be considered valid only if vapor temperatures are 
measured and controlled to the tolerances specified in paragraph 
(g)(1)(xv) of this section.
    (xvii) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior the end of the test.
    (xviii) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol 
collection system immediately prior to the end of the test, if 
applicable.
    (xix) The running loss test ends with the completion of the third 2-
minute idle period.
    (xx) At the end of the running loss test:
    (A) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. 
This is the final hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf, required 
in Sec. 86.143.
    (B) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start prior to the end of the 
test and continue for 4.00.5 minutes. The methanol sampling 
must be completed within 2 minutes after the end of the running loss 
test. This is the final methanol concentration, 
CCH3OHf, required in Sec. 86.143. Record the time 
elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-minute sample period is 
inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to allow 
accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and 
then bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow 
rate. The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flow 
through the impingers should be minimized to prevent any losses.
    (C) Turn off all the fans specified in Sec. 86.107-96(d). Also, the 
time that the vehicle's engine compartment cover is open for removal of 
air intake equipment, if applicable, shall be minimized to avoid loss of 
heat from the engine compartment.
    (xxi) Turn off any CVS apparatus (if not already turned off).
    (2) Point-source method. (i) The test vehicle, with the engine off, 
shall be moved onto the dynamometer. The vehicle engine compartment 
cover and any windows, doors, and luggage compartments shall be closed.
    (ii) Fans shall be positioned as described in Secs. 86.135-90(b) and 
86.107-96(d).
    (iii) The running loss vapor vent collection system shall be 
properly positioned at the potential fuel vapor vents or leaks of the 
vehicle's fuel system. Typical vapor vents for current fuel systems are 
the ports of the evaporative emission canister and the pressure relief 
vent of the fuel tank (typically integrated into the fuel tank cap).
    (iv) The running loss vapor vent collection system may be connected 
to a PDP-CVS or CFV-CVS bag collection system. Otherwise, running loss 
vapors shall be sampled continuously with analyzers meeting the 
requirements of Sec. 86.107-96(b).
    (v) Fans shall be positioned as described in Sec. 86.107-96(d).
    (vi) The vehicle air conditioning system (if so equipped) shall be 
set to the ``normal'' air conditioning mode and adjusted to the minimum 
discharge air

[[Page 488]]

temperature and high fan speed. Vehicles equipped with automatic 
temperature controlled air conditioning systems shall be set to operate 
in ``automatic'' temperature and fan modes with the system set at 72 
deg.F.
    (vii) The temperature and pressure recording systems shall be 
started. Measurement of vapor temperature is optional during the running 
loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need 
not be measured.
    (viii) The temperature of the liquid fuel shall be monitored and 
recorded at least every 15 seconds with the temperature recording system 
specified in Sec. 86.107-96(e).
    (ix) When the ambient temperature is 955  deg.F 
(353  deg.C) and the fuel tank temperature is 
953  deg.F the running loss test may begin.
    (x) The ambient temperature shall be maintained at 955 
deg.F (952  deg.F on average) during the running loss test, 
measured at the inlet to the cooling fan in front of the vehicle; it 
shall be recorded at least every 60 seconds.
    (xi) Fuel temperatures shall be controlled according to the 
specifications of paragraph (g)(1)(xv) of this section.
    (xii) The tank pressure requirements described in paragraph 
(g)(1)(xvi) of this section apply also to running loss testing by the 
point source method.
    (xiii) The running loss test ends with completion of the third 2-
minute idle period.
    (xiv) If emissions are collected in bags, the sample bags must be 
analyzed within 20 minutes of their respective sample collection phases, 
as described in Sec. 86.137-94(b)(15). The results of the analysis are 
used in Sec. 86.143 to calculate the mass of hydrocarbons emitted.
    (xv) At the end of the running loss test, turn off all the fans 
specified in Sec. 86.107-96(d).
    (h) Following the completion of the running loss drive, the vehicle 
may be tested for hot soak emissions as specified in Sec. 86.138-96.

[58 FR 16040, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48510, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43896, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.135-00  Dynamometer procedure.

    Section 86.135-00 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.135-90 and Sec. 86.135-94. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.135-90 or Sec. 86.135-94 is identical and applicable to 
Sec. 86.135-00, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding 
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.135-
90.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.135-94.''
    (a) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.135-94.
    (b) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.135-90.
    (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be 
performed at test point, provided an emission sample is not taken, for 
the purpose of finding the appropriate throttle action to maintain the 
proper speed-time relationship, or to permit sampling system adjustment. 
Both smoothing of speed variations and excessive accelerator pedal 
perturbations are to be avoided. When using two-roll dynamometers a 
truer speed-time trace may be obtained by minimizing the rocking of the 
vehicle in the rolls; the rocking of the vehicle changes the tire 
rolling radius on each roll. This rocking may be minimized by 
restraining the vehicle horizontally (or nearly so) by using a cable and 
winch.
    (e) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.135-90.

[61 FR 54894, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.135-90  Dynamometer procedure.

    (a) Overview--(1) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle 
vehicles. The dynamometer run consists of two tests, a ``cold'' start 
test after a minimum 12-hour and a maximum 36-hour soak according to the 
provisions of Secs. 86.132 and 86.133, and a ``hot'' start test 
following the ``cold'' start test by 10 minutes. Engine startup (with 
all accessories turned off), operation over the UDDS and engine shutdown 
make a complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the 
first 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. 
The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a continuously 
proportional sample is collected for analysis during each phase. The 
composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. A parallel sample of 
the dilution air is similarly analyzed

[[Page 489]]

for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of 
nitrogen. Methanol and formaldehyde samples (exhaust and dilution air) 
are collected and analyzed for methanol-fueled vehicles (a single 
dilution air formaldehyde sample covering the total time of the test may 
be collected in place of three individual samples). Methanol and 
formaldehyde samples may be omitted for 1990 through 1994 model years 
when a FID calibrated on methanol is used.
    (2) Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel vehicles. The 
dynamometer run consists of two tests, a ``cold'' start test after a 
minimum 12-hour and a maximum 36-hour soak according to the provisions 
of Secs. 86.132 and 86.133, and a ``hot'' start test following the 
``cold'' start by 10 minutes. Engine startup (with all accessories 
turned off), operation over the UDDS, and engine shutdown make a 
complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the first 
505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The 
exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air in the dilution tunnel as 
shown in Figure B90-5 and Figure B90-6. Six particulate samples are 
collected on filters for weighing; the first sample plus back-up is 
collected during the first 505 seconds of the cold start test; the 
second sample plus back-up is collected during the remainder of the cold 
start test (including shutdown); the third sample plus back-up is 
collected during the hot start test. Continuous proportional samples of 
gaseous emissions are collected for analysis during each test phase. For 
petroleum-fueled vehicles, the composite samples collected in bags are 
analyzed for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. 
Hydrocarbons from petroleum-fueled vehicles are sampled and analyzed 
continuously according to the provisions of Sec. 86.110. Parallel 
samples of the dilution air are similarly analyzed for hydrocarbon, 
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. For methanol-
fueled vehicles, bag samples are collected and analyzed for 
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. 
Methanol and formaldehyde samples are taken for both exhaust emissions 
and dilution air (a single dilution air formaldehyde sample, covering 
the total test period may be collected). Methanol and formaldehyde 
samples may be omitted for 1990 through 1994 model years when an FID 
calibrated on methanol is used. Parallel bag samples of dilution air are 
analyzed for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides 
of nitrogen.
    (b) During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan shall be 
positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate 
manner with the engine compartment cover open. In the case of vehicles 
with front engine compartments, the fan shall be squarely positioned 
within 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of 
vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if special designs make the 
above impractical), the cooling fan shall be placed in a position to 
provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. The fan capacity 
shall normally not exceed 5300 cfm (2.50 m\3\/s). If, however, the 
manufacturer can show that during field operation the vehicle receives 
additional cooling, and that such additional cooling is needed to 
provide a representative test, the fan capacity may be increased or 
additional fans used if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (c) The vehicle speed as measured from the dynamometer rolls shall 
be used. A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test 
validity, shall be supplied on request of the Administrator.
    (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be 
performed at test point, provided an emission sample is not taken, for 
the purpose of finding the minimum throttle action to maintain the 
proper speed-time relationship, or to permit sampling system adjustment.
    Note: When using two-roll dynamometers a truer speed-time trace may 
be obtained by minimizing the rocking of the vehicle in the rolls; the 
rocking of the vehicle changes the tire rolling radius on each roll. 
This rocking may be minimized by restraining the vehicle horizontally 
(or nearly so) by using a cable and winch.
    (e) The drive wheel tires may be inflated up to a gauge pressure of 
45 psi (310 kPa) in order to prevent tire damage. The drive wheel tire 
pressure shall be reported with the test results.

[[Page 490]]

    (f) lf the dynamometer has not been operated during the 2-hour 
period immediately preceding the test, it shall be warmed up for 15 
minutes by operating at 30 mph (48 kph) using a non-test vehicle or as 
recommended by the dynamometer manufacturer.
    (g) If the dynamometer horsepower must be adjusted manually, it 
shall be set within 1 hour prior to the exhaust emissions test phase. 
The test vehicle shall not be used to make this adjustment. Dynamometers 
using automatic control of preselectable power settings may be set 
anytime prior to the beginning of the emissions test.
    (h) The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of 
dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be determined for the 
transient cold start, stabilized cold start, and transient hot start 
phases of the test. The revolutions shall be measured on the same roll 
or shaft used for measuring the vehicle's speed.
    (i) Four-wheel drive vehicles will be tested in a two-wheel drive 
mode of operation. Full-time four-wheel drive vehicles will have one set 
of drive wheels temporarily disengaged by the vehicle manufacturer. 
Four-wheel drive vehicles which can be manually shifted to a two-wheel 
mode will be tested in the normal on-highway two-wheel drive mode of 
operation.

[54 FR 14529, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.135-94  Dynamometer procedure.

    Section 86.135-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.135-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.135-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.135-94, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.135-90.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.135-90 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) Overview. The dynamometer run consists of two tests, a ``cold'' 
start test, after a minimum 12-hour and a maximum 36-hour soak according 
to the provisions of Secs. 86.132 and 86.133, and a ``hot'' start test 
following the ``cold'' start by 10 minutes. Engine startup (with all 
accessories turned off), operation over the UDDS and engine shutdown 
make a complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the 
first 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. 
The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air in the dilution 
tunnel as shown in Figure B94-5 and Figure B94-6. A dilution tunnel is 
not required for testing vehicles waived from the requirement to measure 
particulates. Six particulate samples are collected on filters for 
weighing; the first sample plus backup is collected during the first 505 
seconds of the cold start test; the second sample plus backup is 
collected during the remainder of the cold start test (including 
shutdown); the third sample plus backup is collected during the hot 
start test. Continuous proportional samples of gaseous emissions are 
collected for analysis during each test phase. For gasoline-fueled, 
natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle 
vehicles, the composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for THC, 
CO, CO2, CH4 and NOX. For petroleum-
fueled diesel-cycle vehicles (optional for natural gas-fueled, liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles), THC is 
sampled and analyzed continuously according to the provisions of 
Sec. 86.110. Parallel samples of the dilution air are similarly analyzed 
for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOX. For 
natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled 
vehicles, bag samples are collected and analyzed for THC (if not sampled 
continuously), CO, CO2, CH4 and NOX. 
For methanol-fueled vehicles, methanol and formaldehyde samples are 
taken for both exhaust emissions and dilution air (a single dilution air 
formaldehyde sample, covering the total test period may be collected). 
Parallel bag samples of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, 
CO2, CH4 and NOX. Methanol and 
formaldehyde samples may be omitted for 1990 through 1994 model years 
when a FID calibrated on methanol is used.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.135-90.

[56 FR 25775, June 5, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 48510, Sept. 21, 1994]

[[Page 491]]



Sec. 86.136-90  Engine starting and restarting.

    (a) Otto-cycle vehicles. Paragraph (a) of this section applies to 
Otto-cycle vehicles.
    (1) The engine shall be started according to the manufacturer's 
recommended starting procedures in the owner's manual. The initial 20-
second idle period shall begin when the engine starts.
    (2) Choke operation: (i) Vehicles equipped with automatic chokes 
shall be operated according to the manufacturer's operating instructions 
in the owner's manual, including choke setting and ``kick-down'' from 
cold fast idle.
    (ii) Vehicles equipped with manual chokes shall be operated 
according to the manufacturer's operating instructions in the owner's 
manual.
    (3) The transmission shall be placed in gear 15 seconds after the 
engine is started. If necessary, braking may be employed to keep the 
drive wheels from turning.
    (4) The operator may use the choke, accelerator pedal, etc., where 
necessary to keep the engine running.
    (5) If the manufacturer's operating instructions in the owner's 
manual do not specify a warm engine starting procedure, the engine 
(automatic and manual-choke engines) shall be started by depressing the 
accelerator pedal about half way and cranking the engine until it 
starts.
    (b) Diesel vehicles. The engine shall be started according to the 
manufacturers recommended starting procedures in the owners manual. The 
initial 20-second idle period shall begin when the engine starts. The 
transmission shall be placed in gear 15 seconds after the engine is 
started. If necessary, braking may be employed to keep the drive wheels 
from turning.
    (c) If the vehicle does not start after the manufacturer's 
recommended cranking time (or 10 continuous seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation), cranking shall cease for the period 
recommended by the manufacturer (or 10 seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation). This may be repeated for up to three 
start attempts. If the vehicle does not start after three attempts, the 
reason for failure to start shall be determined. The gas flow measuring 
device on the constant volume sampler (usually a revolution counter) or 
CFV (and the hydrocarbon integrator and particulate sampling system when 
testing petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles and the particulate sampling 
system when testing methanol-fueled diesel vehicles, see Sec. 86.137) 
shall be turned off and the sampler selector valves, including the 
methanol sampler, placed in the ``standby'' position during this 
diagnostic period. In addition, either the CVS should be turned off, or 
the exhaust tube disconnected from the tailpipe during the diagnostic 
period. If failure to start is an operational error, the vehicle shall 
be rescheduled for testing from a cold start.
    (d) If the engine ``false starts'' the operator shall repeat the 
recommended starting procedure (such as resetting the choke, etc.).
    (e) Stalling: (1) If the engine stalls during an idle period, the 
engine shall be restarted immediately and the test continued. If the 
engine cannot be started soon enough to allow the vehicle to follow the 
next acceleration as prescribed, the driving schedule indicator shall be 
stopped. When the vehicle restarts, the driving schedule indicator shall 
be reactivated.
    (2) If the engine stalls during some operating mode other than idle, 
the driving schedule indicator shall be stopped, the vehicle shall then 
be restarted and accelerated to the speed required at that point in the 
driving schedule and the test continued. During acceleration to this 
point, shifting shall be performed in accordance with Sec. 86.128.
    (3) If the vehicle will not restart within one minute, the test 
shall be voided, the vehicle removed from the dynamometer, corrective 
action taken, and the vehicle rescheduled for test. The reason for the 
malfunction (if determined) and the corrective action taken shall be 
reported to the Administrator.

[54 FR 14530, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 16042, Mar. 24, 1993; 
59 FR 48510, Sept. 21, 1994]

[[Page 492]]



Sec. 86.137-90  Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.

    (a) General--(1) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle 
vehicles. The vehicle shall be allowed to stand with the engine turned 
off for a period of not less than 12 hours or more than 36 hours before 
the cold start exhaust emission test. The cold start exhaust test shall 
follow the diurnal breathing loss test by not more than one hour. The 
vehicle shall be stored prior to the emission test in such a manner that 
precipitation (e.g., rain or dew) does not occur on the vehicle. The 
complete dynamometer test consists of a cold start drive of 7.5 miles 
(12.1 km) and simulates a hot start drive of 7.5 miles (12.1 km). The 
vehicle is allowed to stand on the dynamometer during the 10 minute time 
period between the cold and hot start tests. The cold start test is 
divided into two periods. The first period, representing the cold start 
``transient'' phase, terminates at the end of the deceleration which is 
scheduled to occur at 505 seconds of the driving schedule. The second 
period, representing the ``stabilized'' phase, consists of the remainder 
of the driving schedule including engine shutdown. The hot start test, 
similarly, consists of two periods. The first period, representing the 
hot start ``transient'' phase, terminates at the same point in driving 
schedule as the first period of the cold start test. The second period 
of the hot start test, ``stabilized'' phase, is assumed to be identical 
to the second period of the cold start test. Therefore, the hot start 
test terminates after the first period (505 seconds) is run.
    (2) Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel vehicles. The 
vehicle shall be allowed to stand with the engine turned off for a 
period of not less than 12 hours or more than 36 hours before the cold 
start exhaust emission test. The vehicle shall be stored prior to the 
emission test in such a manner that precipitation (e.g., rain or dew) 
does not occur on the vehicle. The complete dynamometer test consists of 
a cold start drive of 7.5 miles (12.1 km), and simulates a hot start 
drive of 7.5 miles (l2.1 km). The vehicle is allowed to stand on the 
dynamometer during the 10 minute time period between the cold and hot 
start tests. The cold start test is divided into two periods. The first 
period, representing the cold start ``transient'' phase, terminates at 
the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 505 seconds 
of the driving schedule. The second period, representing the 
``stabilized'' phase, consists of the remainder of the driving schedule 
including engine shutdown. The hot start test, similarly, consists of 
two periods. The first period, representing the start of the 
``transient'' phase, terminates at the same point in the driving 
schedule as the first period of the cold start test. The second period 
of the hot start test, ``stabilized'' phase, is assumed to be identical 
to the second period of the cold start test. Therefore, the hot start 
test terminates after the first period (505 seconds) is run.
    (b) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Place drive wheels of vehicle on dynamometer without starting 
engine.
    (2) Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the 
cooling fan.
    (3) For all vehicles, with the sample selector valves in the 
``standby'' position, connect evacuated sample collection bags to the 
dilute exhaust and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (4) For methanol-fueled vehicles, with the sample selector valves in 
the ``standby'' position, insert fresh sample collection impingers into 
the methanol sample collection system, the formaldehyde sample 
collection system and fresh impingers (or capsules for formaldehyde) 
into the dilution air sample collection systems for methanol and 
formaldehyde (may be omitted for 1990 through 1994 model years).
    (5) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps (except the 
diesel particulate sample pump, if applicable), the temperature 
recorder, the vehicle cooling fan, and the heated hydrocarbon analysis 
recorder (diesels only). (The heat exchanger of the constant volume 
sampler, if used, petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon analyzer 
continuous sample line and filter, methanol-fueled vehicle hydrocarbon, 
methanol and formaldehyde sample lines, if applicable, should be 
preheated

[[Page 493]]

to their respective operating temperatures before the test begins.)
    (6) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (i) For gaseous bag samples (except hydrocarbon samples), the 
minimum flow rate is 0.17 cfm (0.08 1/sec).
    (ii) For hydrocarbon samples, the minimum FID (or HFID in the case 
of diesel- and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles) flow rate is 0.066 
cfm (0.031 1/sec).
    (iii) For methanol samples, the minimum flow rate is 0.14 cfm (0.067 
1/sec).
    (iv) For formaldehyde samples, the minimum flow rate is 0.036 cfm 
(0.017 l/s) with capsule collector and 0.14 cfm (0.067 l/s) with 
impinger.
    Note: CFV sample flow rate is fixed by the venturi design.
    (7) Attach the exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s).
    (8) Carefully install a particulate sample filter into each of the 
filter holders for diesel vehicle tests. The filters must be handled 
only with forceps or tongs. Rough or abrasive filter handling will 
result in erroneous weight determination.
    (9) Start the gas flow measuring device, position the sample 
selector valves to direct the sample flow into the ``transient'' exhaust 
sample bag, the ``transient'' methanol exhaust sample, the ``transient'' 
formaldehyde exhaust sample, the ``transient'' dilution air sample bag, 
the ``transient'' methanol dilution air sample and the ``transient'' 
formaldehyde dilution air sample (turn on the petroleum-fueled diesel 
hydrocarbon analyzer system integrator, mark the recorder chart, start 
particulate sample pump No. 1, and record both gas meter or flow 
measurement instrument readings, if applicable), turn the key on, and 
start cranking the engine.
    (10) Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission 
in gear.
    (11) Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial 
vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule.
    (12) Operate the vehicle according to the Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule (Sec. 86.115).

    Note: During diesel vehicle testing, adjust the flow rate through 
the particulate sample probe to maintain a constant value within 
5 percent of the set flow rate. Record the average 
temperature and pressure at the gas meter or flow instrument inlet. If 
the set flow rate cannot be maintained because of high particulate 
loading on the filter, the test shall be terminated. The test shall be 
rerun using a lower flow rate, or larger diameter filter, or both.
    (13) At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
505 seconds, simultaneously switch the sample flows from the 
``transient'' bags and samples to the ``stabilized'' bags and samples, 
switch off gas flow measuring device No. 1, switch off the No. 1 
petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator and the No. 1 particulate 
sample pump, mark the petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon recorder 
chart, and close valves isolating particulate filter No. 1, if 
applicable, and start gas flow measuring device No. 2, and start the 
petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator No. 2 and the No. 2 
particulate sample pump and open valves isolating particulate filter No. 
2, if applicable. Before the acceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
510 seconds, record the measured roll or shaft revolutions and reset the 
counter or switch to a second counter. As soon as possible transfer the 
``transient'' exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system 
and process the samples according to Sec. 86.140 obtaining a stabilized 
reading of the bag exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of 
the end of the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and 
formaldehyde sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end 
of the sample collection phase of the test.
    (14) Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last 
deceleration (at 1,369 seconds).
    (15) Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously 
turn off gas flow measuring device No. 2 and if applicable, turn off the 
petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator No. 2, mark the 
hydrocarbon recorder chart, turn off the No. 2 particulate sample pump 
and close the valves isolating particulate filter No. 2, and position 
the sample selector valves to the ``standby'' position (and open the 
valves isolating particulate filter No. 1, if applicable). Record the 
measured roll or shaft revolutions (both gas meter or flow measurement 
instrumentation readings), and re-set the counter. As

[[Page 494]]

soon as possible, transfer the ``stabilized'' exhaust and dilution air 
samples to the analytical system and process the samples according to 
Sec. 86.140, obtaining a stabilized reading of the exhaust bag sample on 
all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection 
phase of the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde sample analyses, if 
applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample period. If 
applicable, carefully remove both pairs of particulate sample filters 
from their respective holders, and place each in a separate petri dish, 
and cover.
    (16) Immediately after the end of the sample period, turn off the 
cooling fan and close the engine compartment cover.
    (17) Turn off the CVS or disconnect the exhaust tube from the 
tailpipe(s) of the vehicle.
    (18) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(2) of this 
section for the hot start test, except only two evacuated sample bags, 
two methanol sample impingers, two formaldehyde sample impingers, and 
one pair of particulate sample filters, as appropriate, are required. 
The step in paragraph (b)(9) of this section shall begin between 9 and 
11 minutes after the end of the sample period for the cold start test.
    (19) At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
505 seconds, simultaneously turn off gas flow measuring device No. 1 
(and the petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator No. 1, mark the 
petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon recorder chart and turn off the No. 
1 particulate sample pump, if applicable) and position the sample 
selector valve to the ``standby'' position. (Engine shutdown is not part 
of the hot start test sample period.) Record the measured roll or shaft 
revolutions (and the No. 1 gas meter reading or flow measurement 
instrument). (Carefully remove the third pair of particulate sample 
filters from its holder and place in a clean petri dish and cover, if 
applicable.)
    (20) As soon as possible, transfer the hot start ``transient'' 
exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system and process 
the samples according to Sec. 86.140, obtaining a stabilized reading of 
the exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of 
the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and 
formaldehyde sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end 
of the sample period. (If it is not possible to perform analysis on the 
methanol and formaldehyde samples, within 24 hours, the samples should 
be stored in a dark cold (4-10  deg.C) environment until analysis. The 
samples should be analyzed within fourteen days.)
    (21) As soon as possible, and in no case longer than one hour after 
the end of the hot start phase of the test, transfer the six particulate 
filters to the weighing chamber for post-test conditioning, if 
applicable.
    (22) Disconnect the exhaust tube from the vehicle tailpipe(s) and 
drive the vehicle from dynamometer.
    (23) The CVS or CFV may be turned off, if desired.
    (24) Vehicles to be tested for evaporative emissions will proceed 
according to Sec. 86.138. For all others this completes the test 
sequence.

[54 FR 14530, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34347, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.137-94  Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.

    Section 86.137-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.137-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.137-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.137-94, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.137-90.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.137-90 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) General. The dynamometer run consists of two tests, a cold start 
test, after a minimum 12-hour and a maximum 36-hour soak according to 
the provisions of Sec. 86.132, and a hot start test following the cold 
start test by 10 minutes. The vehicle shall be stored prior to the 
emission test in such a manner that precipitation (e.g., rain or dew) 
does not occur on the vehicle. The complete dynamometer test consists of 
a cold start drive of 7.5 miles (12.1 km) and simulates a hot start 
drive of 7.5 miles (12.1 km). The vehicle is allowed to stand on the 
dynamometer during the 10 minute time period between the

[[Page 495]]

cold and hot start tests. The cold start test is divided into two 
periods. The first period, representing the cold start ``transient'' 
phase, terminates at the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to 
occur at 505 seconds of the driving schedule. The second period, 
representing the ``stabilized'' phase, consists of the remainder of the 
driving schedule including engine shutdown. The hot start test, 
similarly, consists of two periods. The first period, representing the 
hot start ``transient'' phase, terminates at the same point in driving 
schedule as the first period of the cold start test. The second period 
of the hot start test, ``stabilized'' phase, is assumed to be identical 
to the second period of the cold start test. Therefore, the hot start 
test terminates after the first period (505 seconds) is run.
    (b) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Place drive wheels of vehicle on dynamometer without starting 
engine.
    (2) Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the 
cooling fan.
    (3) For all vehicles, with the sample selector valves in the 
``standby'' position, connect evacuated sample collection bags to the 
dilute exhaust and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (4) For methanol-fueled vehicles, with the sample selector valves in 
the ``standby'' position, insert fresh sample collection impingers into 
the methanol sample collection system, fresh impingers or a fresh 
cartridge into the formaldehyde sample collection system and fresh 
impingers (or a single cartridge for formaldehyde) into the dilution air 
sample collection systems for methanol and formaldehyde (background 
measurements of methanol and formaldehyde may be omitted and 
concentrations assumed to be zero for calculations in Sec. 86.144).
    (5) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps (except the 
particulate sample pump, if applicable), the temperature recorder, the 
vehicle cooling fan, and the heated THC analysis recorder (diesel-cycle 
only). (The heat exchanger of the constant volume sampler, if used, 
petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle THC analyzer continuous sample line and 
filter, methanol-fueled vehicle THC, methanol and formaldehyde sample 
lines, if applicable, should be preheated to their respective operating 
temperatures before the test begins).
    (6) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (i) For gaseous bag samples (except THC samples), the minimum flow 
rate is 0.17 cfm (0.08 1/sec).
    (ii) For THC samples, the minimum FID (or HFID in the case of 
diesel-cycle and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles) flow rate is 0.066 
cfm (0.031 1/sec).
    (iii) For methanol samples, the flow rates shall be set such that 
the system meets the design criteria of Sec. 86.109 and Sec. 86.110. For 
samples in which the concentration in the primary impinger exceeds 0.5 
mg/l, it is recommended that the mass of methanol collected in the 
secondary impinger not exceed ten percent of the total mass collected. 
For samples in which the concentration in the primary impinger does not 
exceed 0.5 mg/l, analysis of the secondary impingers is not necessary.
    (iv) For formaldehyde samples, the flow rates shall be set such that 
the system meets the design criteria of Sec. 86.109 and Sec. 86.110. For 
impinger samples in which the concentration of formaldehyde in the 
primary impinger exceeds 0.1 mg/l, it is recommended that the mass of 
formaldehyde collected in the secondary impinger not exceed ten percent 
of the total mass collected. For samples in which the concentration in 
the primary impinger does not exceed 0.1 mg/l, analysis of the secondary 
impingers is not necessary.
    (7) Attach the exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s).
    (8) Carefully install a particulate sample filter into each of the 
filter holders. The filters must be handled only with forceps or tongs. 
Rough or abrasive filter handling will result in erroneous weight 
determination.
    (9) Start the gas flow measuring device, position the sample 
selector valves to direct the sample flow into the ``transient'' exhaust 
sample bag, the ``transient'' methanol exhaust sample, the ``transient'' 
formaldehyde exhaust sample, the ``transient'' dilution

[[Page 496]]

air sample bag, the ``transient'' methanol dilution air sample and the 
``transient'' formaldehyde dilution air sample (turn on the petroleum-
fueled diesel-cycle THC analyzer system integrator, mark the recorder 
chart, start particulate sample pump No. 1, and record both gas meter or 
flow measurement instrument readings, if applicable), turn the key on, 
and start cranking the engine.
    (10) Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission 
in gear.
    (11) Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial 
vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule.
    (12) Operate the vehicle according to the Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule (Sec. 86.115).
    Note: During particulate testing, adjust the flow rate through the 
particulate sample probe to maintain a constant value within 
5 percent of the set flow rate. Record the average 
temperature and pressure at the gas meter or flow instrument inlet. If 
the set flow rate cannot be maintained because of high particulate 
loading on the filter, the test shall be terminated. The test shall be 
rerun using a lower flow rate, or larger diameter filter, or both.
    (13) At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
505 seconds, simultaneously switch the sample flows from the 
``transient'' bags and samples to the ``stabilized'' bags and samples, 
switch off gas flow measuring device No. 1, switch off the No. 1 
petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator and the No. 1 particulate 
sample pump, mark the petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon recorder 
chart, and close valves isolating particulate filter No. 1, if 
applicable, start gas flow measuring device No. 2, and start the 
petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator No. 2 and the No. 2 
particulate sample pump and open valves isolating particulate filter No. 
2, if applicable. Before the acceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
510 seconds, record the measured roll or shaft revolutions and reset the 
counter or switch to a second counter. As soon as possible transfer the 
``transient'' exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system 
and process the samples according to Sec. 86.140 obtaining a stabilized 
reading of the bag exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of 
the end of the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and 
formaldehyde sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end 
of the sample collection phase of the test.
    (14) Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last 
deceleration (at 1,369 seconds).
    (15) Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously 
turn off gas flow measuring device No. 2 and if applicable, turn off the 
hydrocarbon integrator No. 2, mark the hydrocarbon recorder chart, turn 
off the No. 2 particulate sample pump and close the valves isolating 
particulate filter No. 2, and position the sample selector valves to the 
``standby'' position (and open the valves isolating particulate filter 
No. 1, if applicable). Record the measured roll or shaft revolutions 
(both gas meter or flow measurement instrumentation readings), and reset 
the counter. As soon as possible, transfer the ``stabilized'' exhaust 
and dilution air samples to the analytical system and process the 
samples according to Sec. 86.140, obtaining a stabilized reading of the 
exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the 
sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde 
sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample 
period. (If it is not possible to perform analysis on the methanol and 
formaldehyde samples within 24 hours, the samples should be stored in a 
dark cold (4-10  deg.C) environment until analysis. The samples should 
be analyzed within fourteen days.) If applicable, carefully remove both 
pairs of particulate sample filters from their respective holders, and 
place each in a separate petri dish, and cover.
    (b)(16) through (b)(24) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.137-90.

[56 FR 25776, June 5, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 34347, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.137-96  Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.

    Section 86.137-96 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.137-90 and 86.137-94. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.137-90 or Sec. 86.137-94 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.137-96, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For

[[Page 497]]

guidance see Sec. 86.137-90.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.137-94.''
    (a) through (b)(15) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.137-94.
    (b)(16) through (b)(23) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.137-90.
    (b)(24) Vehicles to be tested for evaporative emissions will proceed 
according to Sec. 86.134; vehicles to be tested with the supplemental 
two-diurnal test sequence for evaporative emissions will proceed 
according to Sec. 86.138-96(k). For all others this completes the test 
sequence.

[58 FR 16042, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.138-90  Hot-soak test.

    The hot-soak evaporative emission test shall be conducted 
immediately following the hot transient exhaust emission test.
    (a) Prior to the completion of the hot-start transient exhaust 
emission sampling period, the evaporative emission enclosure shall be 
purged for several minutes.
    (b) The enclosure doors shall be closed and sealed within two 
minutes of engine shutdown and within seven minutes after the end of the 
exhaust emission test. The steps after the end of the driving cycle 
should be done as quickly as possible to minimize the time needed to 
start the hot soak test.
    (c) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol sample 
collection system immediately prior to the start of the test, if 
applicable.
    (d) If not already on, the evaporative enclosure mixing fan shall be 
turned on at this time.
    (e) Upon completion of the hot transient exhaust emission sampling 
period, the vehicle engine compartment cover shall be closed, the 
cooling fan shall be moved, the vehicle shall be disconnected from the 
dynamometer and exhaust sampling system, and then driven at minimum 
throttle to the vehicle entrance of the enclosure.
    (f) The vehicle's engine must be stopped before any part of the 
vehicle enters the enclosure. The vehicle may be pushed or coasted into 
the enclosure.
    (g) The test vehicle windows and luggage compartments shall be 
opened, if not already open.
    (h) The temperature recording system shall be started and the time 
of engine shut off shall be noted on the evaporative emission 
hydrocarbon recording system.
    (i) The enclosure doors shall be closed and sealed within two 
minutes of engine shutdown and within five minutes after the end of the 
exhaust emission test.
    (j) The 600.5 minute hot soak begins when the enclosure 
doors are sealed. The enclosure atmosphere shall be analyzed for 
hydrocarbon and recorded. This is initial (time = 0 minutes) hydrocarbon 
concentration, CHCi, for use in calculating evaporative 
losses, see Sec. 86.143. The ``zero'' time methanol sample shall be 
collected starting at the same time as the hydrocarbon analysis is 
started. Sampling should continue for four minutes.
    (k) The test vehicle shall be permitted to soak for a period of one 
hour in the enclosure.
    (l) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the end of the test.
    (m) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol collection 
system immediately prior to the end of the test, if applicable.
    (n) At the end of the 600.5 minute test period, again 
analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and methanol, as 
described in Sec. 86.l38-90(j), and record time. These analyses provide 
the final (time = 60 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCf, and the final methanol level for use in calculating 
evaporative losses, see Sec. 86.143. This operation completes the 
evaporative emission measurement procedure.
    (o) Alternate method for methanol sampling. Since sample times of 
longer than four minutes may be necessary in order to collect an 
adequate and representative sample of methanol at the end of a test 
(when SHED concentrations are usually increasing rapidly), it may be 
necessary to rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and then 
bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow rate. 
The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flowing 
through the impingers should be minimized in

[[Page 498]]

order to prevent any losses. This alternative must be adopted if the 
four minute sample period is inadequate to collect a sample of 
sufficient concentration to allow accurate GC analysis.

[54 FR 14532, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 16042, Mar. 24, 1993; 
60 FR 43897, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.138-96  Hot soak test.

    (a)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. For gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled vehicles, the hot soak test shall be conducted 
immediately following the running loss test. However, sampling of 
emissions from the running loss test is not required as preparation for 
the hot soak test.
    (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. Since gaseous-fueled vehicles are not 
required to perform a running loss test, the hot soak test shall be 
conducted within seven minutes after completion of the hot start exhaust 
test.
    (b) The hot soak test may be conducted in the running loss enclosure 
as a continuation of that test or in a separate enclosure.
    (1) If the hot soak test is conducted in the running loss enclosure, 
the driver may exit the enclosure after the running loss test. If 
exiting, the driver should use the personnel door described in 
Sec. 86.107-96(a)(2), exiting as quickly as possible with a minimum 
disturbance to the system. The final hydrocarbon and methanol 
concentration for the running loss test, measured in Sec. 86.134-
96(g)(1)(xx), shall be the initial hydrocarbon and methanol 
concentration (time=0 minutes) CHCi and 
CCH3OHi, for the hot soak test.
    (2) If the vehicle must be moved to a different enclosure, the 
following steps must be taken:
    (i) The enclosure for the hot soak test shall be purged for several 
minutes prior to completion of the running loss test. WARNING: If at any 
time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and 
hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the enclosure should be immediately 
purged. This concentration provides at least a 4:1 safety factor against 
the lean flammability limit.
    (ii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the test.
    (iii) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol sample 
collection system immediately prior to the start of the test, if 
applicable.
    (iv) If not already on, the mixing fan(s) shall be turned on at this 
time. Throughout the hot soak test, the mixing fan(s) shall circulate 
the air at a rate of 0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of the 
nominal enclosure volume.
    (v) Begin sampling as follows:
    (A) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. 
This is the initial (time = 0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCi, required in Sec. 86.143. Hydrocarbon emissions may be 
sampled continuously during the test period.
    (B) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the initial (time=0 minutes) 
methanol concentration, CCH3OHi, required in 
Sec. 86.143. Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-
minute sample period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient 
concentration to allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the 
methanol sample in a bag and then bubble the bag sample through the 
impingers at the specified flow rate. The time elapsed between 
collection of the bag sample and flow through the impingers should be 
minimized to prevent any losses.
    (vi) The vehicle engine compartment cover shall be closed (if not 
already closed), the cooling fan shall be moved, the vehicle shall be 
disconnected from the dynamometer and any sampling system, and then 
driven at minimum throttle to the enclosure for the hot soak test. These 
steps should be done as quickly as possible to minimize the time needed 
to start the hot soak test.
    (vii) The vehicle's engine must be stopped before any part of the 
vehicle enters the enclosure.
    (viii) The vehicle shall enter the enclosure; the enclosure doors 
shall be closed and sealed within 2 minutes of

[[Page 499]]

engine shutdown and within seven minutes after the end of the running 
loss test.
    (ix) The test vehicle windows and any luggage compartments shall be 
opened (if not already open). The vehicle engine compartment cover shall 
be closed (if not already closed).
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) The temperature recording system shall be started and the time 
of engine shutoff shall be noted on the evaporative emission hydrocarbon 
data recording system.
    (e) For the first 5 minutes of the hot soak test, the ambient 
temperature shall be maintained at 9510  deg.F. For the 
remainder of the hot soak test, the ambient temperature shall be 
maintained at 955  deg.F (952  deg.F on 
average).
    (f) The 600.5 minute hot soak begins when the enclosure 
doors are sealed (or when the running loss test ends, if the hot soak 
test is conducted in the running loss enclosure).
    (g) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the end of the test.
    (h) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol collection 
system immediately prior to the end of the test, if applicable.
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) At the end of the 600.5 minute test period:
    (1) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. 
This is the final (time=60 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCf, required in Sec. 86.143.
    (2) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol and record, if 
applicable. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the final (time=60 minutes) methanol 
concentration, CCH3OHf, required in Sec. 86.143. 
Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-minute sample 
period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to 
allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag 
and then bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified 
flow rate. The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and 
flow through the impingers should be minimized to prevent any losses.
    (k) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence (see Sec. 86.130-
96), the hot soak test described in Sec. 86.138-90 shall be conducted 
immediately following the hot transient exhaust emission test. This test 
requires ambient temperatures between 68 deg. and 86  deg.F at all 
times. The equipment and calibration specifications of Secs. 86.107-90 
and 86.117-90 may apply for this testing. Enclosures meeting the 
requirements of Secs. 86.107-96 and 86.117-96 may also be used. This hot 
soak test is followed by two consecutive diurnal heat builds, described 
in Sec. 86.133-96(p).
    (l) If the vehicle is to be tested for diurnal emissions, follow the 
procedure outlined in Sec. 86.133-96.

[58 FR 16042, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48510, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43897, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.139-90  Particulate filter handling and weighing.

    (a) At least 8 hours, but not more than 56 hours before the test, 
place each filter in an open, but protected, petri dish and place in the 
weighing chamber which meets the humidity and temperature specifications 
of Sec. 86.112.
    (b) At the end of the 8 to 56 hour stabilization period, weigh the 
filter on a balance having a precision of one microgram. Record this 
weight. This reading is the tare weight.
    (c) The filter shall then be stored in a covered petri dish which 
shall remain in the weighing chamber until needed for testing.
    (d)(1) If the filter is not used within one hour of its removal from 
the weighing chamber, it shall be reweighed.
    (2) The one hour limit may be replaced by an eight-hour limit if one 
or both of the following conditions are met:
    (i) A stabilized filter is placed and kept in a sealed filter holder 
assembly with the ends plugged, or
    (ii) A stabilized filter is placed in a sealed filter holder 
assembly, which is then immediately placed in a sample line through 
which there is no flow.
    (e) After the test, and after the sample filter is returned to the 
weighing room, condition it for at least 1 hour

[[Page 500]]

but not more than 56 hours. Then weigh a second time. This latter 
reading is the gross weight of the filter. Record this weight.
    (f) The net weight (Pe) is the gross weight minus the 
tare weight.
    Note: Should the sample on the filter contact the petri dish or any 
other surface, the test is void and must be rerun.

[54 FR 14532, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.140-82  Exhaust sample analysis.

    The following sequence of operations shall be performed in 
conjunction with each series of measurement Y:
    (a) For CO, CO2, NOX and gasoline HC:
    (1) Zero the analyzers and obtain a stable zero reading. Recheck 
after tests.
    (2) Introduce span gases and set instrument gains. In order to avoid 
errors, span and calibrate at the same flow rates used to analyze the 
test sample. Span gases should have concentrations equal to 75 to 100 
percent of full scale. If gain has shifted significantly on the 
analyzers, check the calibrations. Show actual concentrations on chart.
    (3) Check zeros; repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) 
of this section if required.
    (4) Check flow rates and pressures.
    (5) Measure HC, CO, CO2 and NOX concentrations 
of samples.
    (6) Check zero and span points. If difference is greater than 2 
percent of full scale, repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) (1) 
through (5) of this section.
    (b) For diesel HC:
    (1) Zero HFID analyzer and obtain a stable zero reading.
    (2) Introduce span gas and set instrument gains. Span gas should 
have concentration equal to 75 to 100 percent of full scale.
    (3) Check zero as in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (4) Introduction of zero and span gas into the analyzer can be 
accomplished by either of the following methods:
    (i) Close heated valve in HC sample (see Figures B82-3 or B82-4), 
and allow gases to enter HFID. Extreme care should be taken not to 
introduce gases under high pressure.
    (ii) Connect zero and span line directly to HC sample probe and 
introduce gases at a flow rate greater than 125 percent of the HFID flow 
rate with the CVS blower operating (see figures B82-3A or B82-4A). 
Excess flow must be allowed to exit probe inlet.

[[Page 501]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.164


[[Page 502]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.165

    Note: In order to minimize errors, HFID flow rate and pressure 
during zero and span (and background bag reading) must be exactly the 
same as that used during testing.
    (5) Continuously record (integrate electronically if desired) dilute 
hydrocarbon emissions levels during test. Background samples are 
collected in sample bags and analyzed as in paragraph (4)(i) or (4)(ii) 
of this section.
    (6) Check zero and span as in paragraph (b)(1) through (b)(4)(i) or 
(4)(ii) of this section. If difference is greater than 2 percent of full 
scale, void test and check for HC ``hangup'' or electronic drift in 
analyzer.

[45 FR 14520, Mar. 5, 1980, as amended at 54 FR 2122, Jan. 19, 1989]

[[Page 503]]



Sec. 86.140-90  Exhaust sample analysis.

    The following sequence of operations shall be performed in 
conjunction with each series of measurements:
    (a) For CO, CO2, NOX, and for Otto-cycle and 
methanol-fueled diesel vehicle HC:
    (1) Zero the analyzers and obtain a stable zero reading. Recheck 
after tests.
    (2) Introduce span gases and set instrument gains. In order to avoid 
errors, span and calibrate at the same flow rates used to analyze the 
test sample. Span gases should have concentrations equal to 75 to 100 
percent of full scale. If gain has shifted significantly on the 
analyzers, check the calibrations. Show actual concentrations on chart.
    (3) Check zeroes; repeat the procedure in paragraphs (1) and (2) of 
this section if required.
    (4) Check flow rates and pressures.
    (5) Measure HC, CO, CO2, and NOX 
concentrations of samples.
    (6) Check zero and span points. If difference is greater than 2 
percent of full scale, repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) (1) 
through (5) of this section.
    (b) For petroleum-fueled diesel vehicle HC:
    (1) Zero HFID analyzer and obtain a stable zero reading.
    (2) Introduce span gas and set instrument gains. Span gas should 
have concentration equal to 75 to 100 percent of full scale.
    (3) Check zero as in (b)(1) of this section.
    (4) Introduction of zero and span gas into the analyzer can be 
accomplished by either of the following methods:
    (i) Close heated valve in HC sample (see Figures B90-5 or B90-6), 
and allow gases to enter HFID. Extreme care should be taken not to 
introduce gases under high pressure.
    (ii) Connect zero and span line directly to HC sample probe and 
introduce gases at a flow rate greater than 125 percent of the HFID flow 
rate with the CVS blower operating (see Figures B90-5 or B90-6). Excess 
flow must be allowed to exit probe inlet.
    Note: In order to minimize errors, HFID flow rate and pressure 
during zero and span (and background bag reading) must be exactly the 
same as that used during testing.
    (5) Continuously record (integrate electronically if desired) dilute 
hydrocarbon emissions levels during test. Background samples are 
collected in sample bags and analyzed as in paragraphs (b)(4) (i) or 
(ii) of this section.
    (6) Check zero and span as in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) (i) 
or (ii) of this section. If difference is greater than 2 percent of full 
scale, void test and check for HC ``hangup'' or electronic drift in 
analyzer.
    (c) For CH30H (methanol-fueled vehicles):
    (1) Introduce a reference sample of methanol (the concentration of 
methanol in deionized water is known and is CMR in the 
calculations) into the gas chromatograph and measure the area of the 
response peak This reference sample peak area is AMR in the 
calculations.
    (2) Introduce test samples into the gas chromatograph and measure 
the area of the response peak. This peak area is AMS in the 
calculations.
    (d) For HCHO (methanol-fueled vehicles):
    (1) Introduce a reference sample of formaldehyde (the concentration 
of formaldehyde as a dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative in acetonitrile 
is known (CFR)) into the high pressure liquid chromatograph 
(HPLC) and measure the area of the response peak. This reference sample 
peak area is AFR in the calculations.
    (2) Introduce test samples into the high pressure liquid 
chromatograph and measure the area of the responses peak. This peak area 
is AFS in the calculations.

[54 FR 14533, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.140-94  Exhaust sample analysis.

    The following sequence shall be performed in conjunction with each 
series of measurements:
    (a) For CO, CO2, CH4, NOX, and for 
Otto-cycle and methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled (if non-heated FID option is used) diesel vehicle 
HC:
    (1) Zero the analyzers and obtain a stable zero reading. Recheck 
after tests.

[[Page 504]]

    (2) Introduce span gases and set instrument gains. In order to avoid 
errors, span and calibrate at the same flow rates used to analyze the 
test sample. Span gases should have concentrations equal to 75 to 100 
percent of full scale. If gain has shifted significantly on the 
analyzers, check the calibrations. Show actual concentrations on chart.
    (3) Check zeroes; repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) 
of this section if required.
    (4) Check flow rates and pressures.
    (5) Measure THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and 
NOX concentrations of samples.
    (6) Check zero and span points. If difference is greater than 2 
percent of full scale, repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) (1) 
through (5) of this section.
    (b) For petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum 
gas-fueled (if HFID is used) diesel vehicle HC:
    (1) Zero HFID analyzer and obtain a stable zero reading.
    (2) Introduce span gas and set instrument gains. Span gas should 
have concentration equal to 75 to 100 percent of full scale.
    (3) Check zero as in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (4) Introduction of zero and span gas into the analyzer can be 
accomplished by either of the following methods:
    (i) Close heated valve in THC sample (see Figures B94-5 or B94-6) 
and allow gases to enter HFID. Extreme care should be taken not to 
introduce gases under high pressure.
    (ii) Connect zero and span line directly to THC sample probe and 
introduce gases at a flow rate greater than 125 percent of the HFID flow 
rate with the CVS blower operating (see Figures B94-5 or B94-6). Excess 
flow must be allowed to exit probe inlet.
    Note: In order to minimize errors, HFID flow rate and pressure 
during zero and span (and background bag reading) must be exactly the 
same as that used during testing.
    (5) Continuously record (integrate electronically if desired) dilute 
THC emission levels during test. Background samples are collected in 
sample bags and analyzed as in paragraphs (b)(4) (i) or (ii) of this 
section.
    (6) Check zero and span as in paragraphs (b) (1) through (4) of this 
section. If difference is greater than 2 percent of full scale, void 
test and check for THC ``hangup'' or electronic drift in analyzer.
    (c) For CH3OH (methanol-fueled vehicles), introduce test 
samples into the gas chromatograph and measure the concentration. This 
concentration is CMS in the calculations.
    (d) For HCHO (methanol-fueled vehicles), introduce formaldehyde test 
samples into the high pressure liquid chromatograph and measure the 
concentration of formaldehyde as a dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative in 
acetonitrile. This concentration is CFS in the calculations.
    (e) For CH4 analysis:
    (1) In the event that the procedure results in negative 
NMHCwm values (as may occur with high methane fractions), any 
negative NMHCwm value whose absolute value is less than 10 
percent of the NMHC standard shall be rounded to zero. Negative 
NMHCwm values whose absolute value is more than 10 percent of 
the NMHC standard shall require sample remeasurement. If the 10 percent 
criterion cannot be met after remeasurement, the test will be void.
    (2) Other sampling procedures may be used if shown to yield 
equivalent or superior results and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.

[56 FR 25777, June 5, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 48510, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34347, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.142-90  Records required.

    The following information shall be recorded with respect to each 
test:
    (a) Test number.
    (b) System or device tested (brief description).
    (c) Date and time of day for each part of the test schedule.
    (d) Test results.
    (e) Driver and equipment operator IDs.
    (f) Vehicle: ID number, manufacturer, model year, standards, engine 
family, evaporative emissions family, basic engine description 
(including displacement, number of cylinders, turbo-/supercharger used, 
and catalyst usage), fuel system (including number of carburetors, 
number of carburetor barrels, fuel injection type, and fuel

[[Page 505]]

tank(s) capacity and location), engine code, gross vehicle weight 
rating, inertia weight class, actual curb weight at zero miles, actual 
road load at 50 mph (80 kph), transmission configuration, axle ratio, 
car line, system miles, idle rpm, and drive wheel tire pressure, as 
applicable.
    (g) Dynamometer: Dynamometer ID, inertia weight setting, indicated 
power absorption setting, records to verify compliance with the vehicle 
speed versus time requirements of the test, and driving distance for 
each of the three phases of the test, calculated from the measured roll 
or shaft revolutions.
    (h) Gas analyzers: Analyzer bench ID, analyzer ranges, recordings of 
analyzer output during zero, span, and sample readings.
    (i) Recorder charts: Test number, date, vehicle ID, operator ID, and 
identification of the measurements recorded.
    (j) Test cell barometric pressure, ambient temperature, and 
humidity.
    Note: A central laboratory barometer may be used: Provided, that 
individual test cell barometric pressures are shown to be within 
0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at the central 
barometer location.
    (k) Temperatures: Records to verify compliance with the ambient 
temperature requirements throughout the test procedure and recordings of 
vehicle fuel temperature(s) during the diurnal test and of the enclosure 
temperatures during the diurnal and hot soak tests.
    (l) CFV-CVS: Total dilute exhaust volume (Vmix) for each phase of 
the exhaust test.
    (m) PDP-CVS: Test measurements required to calculate the Vmix. Total 
dilute exhaust volume (Vmix) for each phase of the exhaust test.
    (n) The humidity of the dilution air.
    Note: If conditioning columns are not used (see Secs. 86.122 and 
86.144) this measurement can be deleted. If the conditioning columns are 
used and the dilution air is taken from the test cell, the ambient 
humidity can be used for this measurement.
    (o) Additional records required for diesel vehicles: (1) Pressure 
and temperature of the dilute exhaust mixture (and background air if 
sampled) at the inlet to the gas meter used for particulate sampling.
    (2) The temperature of the dilute exhaust mixture inside the 
dilution tunnel near the inlet of the particulate probe.
    (3) The temperature of the gas flowing in the heated sample line 
before the heated filter, and also before the HFID, and the temperature 
of the control system of the heated hydrocarbon detector.
    (4) Gas meter or flow measurement instrumentation readings at the 
start of each sample period and at the end of each sample period.
    (5) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of each 
particulate sample and back-up filter.
    (6) Continuous temperature and humidity recording of the ambient air 
in which the particulate filters were stabilized.
    (p) Additional required records for methanol-fueled vehicles:
    (1) Specification of the methanol-fuel or methanol-fuel mixtures 
used during the test.
    (2) Volume of sample passed through the methanol sampling system and 
the volume of deionized water in each impinger.
    (3) The concentration of the GC analyses of the test samples 
(methanol).
    (4) Volume of sample passed through the formaldehyde sampling system 
and the volume of DNPH solution used.
    (5) The concentration of the HPLC analysis of the test sample 
(formaldehyde).
    (6) The temperatures of the sample lines before the HFID and the 
impinger, the temperature of the exhaust transfer duct (as applicable), 
and the temperature of the control system of the heated hydrocarbon 
detector.
    (7) A continuous measurement of the dew point of the raw and diluted 
exhaust. This requirement may be omitted if the temperatures of all 
heated lines are kept above 220  deg.F, or if the manufacturer performs 
an engineering analysis demonstrating that the temperature of the heated 
systems remains above the maximum dew point of the gas stream throughout 
the course of the test.
    (q) Additional required records for natural gas-fueled vehicles. 
Composition, including all carbon containing compounds; e.g. 
CO2, of the natural gas-fuel

[[Page 506]]

used during the test. C1 and C2 compounds shall be 
individually reported. C3 and heavier hydrocarbons, and 
C6 and heavier compounds may be reported as a group.
    (r) Additional required records for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
vehicles. Composition of the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel used during 
the test. Each hydrocarbon compound present, through C4 
compounds, shall be individually reported. C5 and heavier 
hydrocarbons may be reported as a group.

[54 FR 14533, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 58422, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 
FR 48510, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 34348, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.143-90  Calculations; evaporative emissions.

    (a) The calculation of the net hydrocarbon, methanol and hydrocarbon 
plus methanol (total hydrocarbon equivalent) mass change in the 
enclosure is used to determine the diurnal and hot soak mass emissions. 
The mass changes are calculated from initial and final hydrocarbon and 
methanol concentrations in ppm carbon, initial and final enclosure 
ambient temperatures, initial and final barometric pressures, and net 
enclosure volume using the following equations:
    (1) For methanol:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.025
    

Where:
    (i) MCH3OH = Methanol mass change,  g.
    (ii) Vn = Net enclosure volume, ft3, as 
determined by subtracting 50 ft3 (1.42 m\3\) (volume of 
vehicle with trunk and windows open) from the enclosure volume. A 
manufacturer may use the measured volume of the vehicle (instead of the 
nominal 50 ft3) with advance approval by the Administrator: 
Provided, the measured volume is determined and used for all vehicles 
tested by that manufacturer.
    (iii) TE = Temperature of sample withdrawn,  deg.R.
    (iv) VE = Volume of sample withdrawn, ft3.
    (v) TSHED = Temperature of SHED,  deg.R
    (vi) CMS = GC concentration of sample,  g/ml.
    (vii) AV = Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger.
    (viii) PB = Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. 
Hg.
    (ix) i = Initial sample.
    (x) f = Final sample.
    (xi) 1 = First impinger.
    (xii) 2 = Second impinger.
    (2) For hydrocarbons:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.026
    

Where:
    (i) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (ii) CHC=FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm carbon 
including FID response to methanol in the sample.
    (iii) CCH3OH = Methanol concentration as ppm carbon.

[[Page 507]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.027

    (iv) Vn=Net enclosure volume ft\3\ (m\3\), as determined 
by subtracting 50 ft\3\ (1.42 m\3\) (volume of vehicle with trunk and 
windows open) from the enclosure volume. A manufacturer may use the 
measured volume of the vehicle (instead of the nominal 50 ft\3\) with 
advance approval by the Administrator: Provided, the measured volume is 
determined and used for all vehicles tested by that manufacturer.
    (v) r=FID response factor to methanol.
    (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in Hg (kPa).
    (vii) T=Enclosure temperature,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (viii) i=initial reading.
    (ix) f=final reading.
    (x) 1=First impinger.
    (xi) 2=Second impinger.
    (xii)(A) k=0.208 (12+H/C).
    (B) For SI units, k=1.2 (12+H/C).

Where:
    (xiii) H/C=hydrogen-carbon ratio.
    (A) H/C=2.33 for diurnal emissions.
    (B) H/C=2.2 for hot soak emissions.
    (3) For total evaporative emissions:
    Total Evaporative Emissions=Total Diurnal Emissions+Total Hot Soak 
Emissions
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.028

    (b) The final reported results shall be computed by summing the 
individual evaporative emission results determined for the diurnal 
breathing-loss test, running-loss test and the hot-soak test.

[54 FR 14534, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34348, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.143-96  Calculations; evaporative emissions.

    (a) The following equations are used to calculate the evaporative 
emissions from gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles, and for gaseous-
fueled vehicles.
    (b) Use the measurements of initial and final concentrations to 
determine the mass of hydrocarbons and methanol emitted. For testing 
with pure gasoline, methanol emissions are assumed to be zero.
    (1) For enclosure testing of diurnal, hot soak, and running loss 
emissions:
    (i) Methanol emissions:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.029
    

Where:

    (A) MCH3OH = Methanol mass change,  g.
    (B) Vn = Net enclosure volume, ft3, as 
determined by subtracting 50 ft\3\ (1.42 m3) (volume of 
vehicle with trunk and windows open) from the enclosure volume. A 
manufacturer may use the measured volume of the vehicle (instead of the 
nominal 50 ft3) with advance approval by the Administrator: 
Provided, the measured volume is determined and used for all vehicles 
tested by that manufacturer.

[[Page 508]]

    (C) [Reserved]
    (D) VE=Volume of sample withdrawn, ft\3\. Sample volumes 
must be corrected for differences in temperature to be consistent with 
determination of Vn, prior to being used in the equation.
    (E) [Reserved].
    (F) CMS = GC concentration of sample,  g/ml.
    (G) AV = Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger.
    (H) PB = Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. Hg.
    (I) i = Initial sample.
    (J) f = Final sample.
    (K) 1 = First impinger.
    (L) 2 = Second impinger.
    (M) MCH3OH,out=mass of methanol exiting the enclosure, in 
the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, 
 g.
    (N) MCH3OH,in=mass of methanol entering the enclosure, in 
the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, 
 g.

    (ii) Hydrocarbon emissions:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.030
    
Where,
    (A) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (B) CHC = FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm including 
FID response to methanol (or methane, as appropriate) in the sample.
    (C) CCH3OH = Methanol concentration as ppm carbon.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.031
    
    (D) Vn=Net enclosure volume ft3 
(m3) as determined by subtracting 50 ft3 (1.42 
m3) (volume of vehicle with trunk and windows open) from the 
enclosure volume. A manufacturer may use the measured volume of the 
vehicle (instead of the nominal 50 ft3) with advance approval 
by the Administrator, provided the measured volume is determined and 
used for all vehicles tested by that manufacturer.
    (E) r=FID response factor to methanol.
    (F) PB=Barometric pressure, in Hg (Kpa).
    (G) T=Enclosure temperature,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (H) i=initial reading.
    (I) f=final reading.
    (J) 1=First impinger.
    (K) 2=Second impinger.
    (L) Assuming a hydrogen to carbon ratio of 2.3:
    (1) k=2.97; and
    (2) For SI units, k=17.16.
    (M) MHC,out=mass of hydrocarbons exiting the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (N) MHC,in=mass of hydrocarbons entering the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (iii) For variable-volume enclosures, defined in 
Sec. 86.107(a)(1)(i), the following simplified form of the hydrocarbon 
mass change equation may be used:

[[Page 509]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.032

    (2) For running loss testing by the point-source method, the mass 
emissions of each test phase are calculated below, then summed for a 
total mass emission for the running loss test. If emissions are 
continuously sampled, the following equations can be used in integral 
form.
    (i) Methanol emissions:

MCH3OH=CH3OH 
Vmix x 
(CCH3OH,rl-CCH3OH,d)

Where,
    (A) MCH3OH=methanol mass change, g.

    (B) CH3,OH= 37.71 g/ft\3\, density of 
pure vapor at 68  deg.F.
    (C) Vmix=total dilute sample volume, in ft3, 
calculated as appropriate for the collection technique used.
    (D) CCH3OH,rl=methanol concentration of 
diluted running loss sample, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (E) CCH3OH,d=methanol concentration of 
dilution air, in ppm carbon equivalent.

    (ii) Hydrocarbon emissions:

MHC=HC 
Vmix10-6 x (CHC,rl-CHC,d)

Where,
    (A) MHC=hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (B) HC= 16.88 g/ft\3\, density of pure vapor at 
68  deg.F (for hydrogen to carbon ratio of 2.3).
    (C) Vmix=total dilute sample volume, in ft3, 
calculated as appropriate for the collection technique used.
    (D) CHC,rl=hydrocarbon concentration of diluted running 
loss sample, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (E) CHC,d=hydrocarbon concentration of dilution air, in 
ppm carbon equivalent.
    (c) Calculate the adjusted total mass emissions for each test 
segment.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.033

    where MDI=mass emissions from the diurnal emission test 
(see Sec. 86.133), g.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.034

where MHS=mass emissions from the hot soak test (see 
Sec. 86.138), g.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.035


[[Page 510]]


where MRL=mass emissions from the running loss test (see 
Sec. 86.134), g.
    (d)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, there are two final 
results to report:
    (i) The sum of the adjusted total mass emissions for the diurnal and 
hot soak tests (MDI+MHS); and
    (ii) The adjusted total mass emissions for the running loss test, on 
a grams per mile basis=MRL/DRL, where 
DRL=miles driven for the running loss test (see Sec. 86.134-
96(c)(6)).
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, there is one 
final result to report: the sum of the adjusted total mass emissions for 
the diurnal and hot soak tests (MDI+MHS), 
described in Secs. 86.133-96(p) and 86.138-96(k), respectively.

[58 FR 16043, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48510, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34348, June 30, 1995; 60 FR 43897, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.144-90  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

    The final reported test results shall be computed by use of the 
following formula:
    (a) For light-duty vehicles and light duty trucks:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.036
    

Where:
    (1) Ywm=Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., 
HC, CO, NOX or CO2, in grams per vehicle mile and 
if appropriate, the weighted total hydrocarbon equivalent mass in grams 
per vehicle mile.
    (2) Yct=Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test phase.
    (3) Yht=Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``transient'' phase of the hot start test, in grams per test phase.
    (4) Ys=Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test phase.
    (5) Dct=The measured driving distance from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold start test, in miles.
    (6) Dht=The measured distance from the ``transient'' 
phase of the hot start test, in miles.
    (7) Ds=The measured driving distance from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in miles.
    (b) The mass of each pollutant for each phase of both the cold start 
test and the hot start test is determined from the following:
    (1) Hydrocarbon mass:
HCmass=Vmix x DensityHC x (HCconc
/1,000,000)
    (2) Oxides of nitrogen mass:
NOxmass=Vmix x DensityNO2 x H
 x (NOxconc/1,000,000)
    (3) Carbon monoxide mass:
COmass=Vmix x DensityCO x (COconc
/1,000,000)
    (4) Carbon dioxide mass:
CO2mass=Vmix x DensityCO2 x (CO2conc
/100)
    (5) Methanol mass:
CH3OHmass=Vmix x DensityCH3OH
  x  (CH3OHconc/1,000,000)
    (6) Formaldehyde mass:
HCHOmass=Vmix x DensityHCHO x (HCHOconc
/1,000,000)
    (7) Total hydrocarbon equivalent mass:
    (i) THCE=
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.037
    
    (c) Meaning of symbols:
    (1)(i) HCmass=Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams per test 
phase.

[[Page 511]]

    (ii) DensityHC=Density of hydrocarbons is 16.33 g/ft\3\ 
(0.5768 kg/m\3\), assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 
1:1.85, at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) HCconc=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent, i.e., 
equivalent propane  x  3.
    (B) HCconc=HCe-HCd(1-1/DF).

Where:
    (iv)(A) HCe=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample or, for diesel (or methanol-fueled vehicles, if 
selected), average hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust 
sample as calculated from the integrated HC traces, in ppm carbon 
equivalent.
    (B) HCe=FID HCe-(r)CCH3OHe
    (v) FID HCe=Concentration of hydrocarbon plus methanol in 
dilute exhaust as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    (vi) r=FID response to methanol.
    (vii) CCH3OHe=Concentration of methanol in dilute exhaust 
as determined from the dilute exhaust methanol sample in ppm carbon. For 
vehicles not fueled with methanol, CCH3OHe equals zero.
    (viii)(A) HCd=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (B) HCd=FID HCd-(r)CCH3OHd
    (ix) FID HCd=Concentration of hydrocarbon plus methanol 
in dilution air as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    (x) CCH3OHd=Concentration of methanol in dilution air as 
determined from dilution air methanol sample in ppm carbon. For vehicles 
not fueled with methanol, CCH3OHd equal zero.
    (2)(i) NOXmass=Oxides of nitrogen emissions, 
in grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityNO2=Density of oxides of nitrogen is 54.16 g/
ft\3\ (1.913 kg/m\3\) assuming they are in the form of nitrogen dioxide, 
at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) NOxconc=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm.
    (B) NOxconc=NOxe-NOxd(1-(1/DF)).

Where:
    (iv) NOxe=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample as measured, in ppm.
    (v) NOxd=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in ppm.
    (3)(i) COmass=Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) Densityco=Density of carbon monoxide is 32.97 g/
ft3 (1.164 kg/m3), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 
760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) COconc=Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, water vapor, and 
CO2 extraction, in ppm.
    (B) COconc=COe-COd(1-(1/DF)).

Where:
    (iv)(A) COe=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust volume corrected for water vapor and carbon dioxide extraction, 
in ppm.
    (B) 
COe=(1-0.01925CO2e-0.000323R)COem for 
petroleum fuel with hydrogen to carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
    (C) COe=[1-(0.01 + 
0.005HCR)CO2e-0.000323R]COem for methanol fuel, 
where HCR is hydrogen-to-carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used.
    (v) COem=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample as measured, in ppm.
    (vi) CO2e=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample, in percent.
    (vii) R=Relative humidity of the dilution air, in percent (see 
Sec. 86.142(n)).
    (viii)(A) COd=Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilution air corrected for water vapor extraction, in ppm.
    (B) COd=(1-0.000323R)COdm.

Where:
    (ix) COdm=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution 
air sample as measured, in ppm.
    Note: If a CO instrument which meets the criteria specified in 
Sec. 86.111 is used and the conditioninq column has been deleted, 
COem must be substituted directly for COe and 
COdm must be substituted directly for COd.
    (4)(i) CO2mass=Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) Density CO2=Density of carbon dioxide is 51.81 g/
ft\3\ (1.830 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 
kPa) pressure.

[[Page 512]]

    (iii)(A) CO2conc=Carbon dioxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in percent.
    (B) CO2conc=C02e-CO2d(1-(1/DF)).

Where:
    (iv) CO2d=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in percent.
    (5)(i) CH3OHmass=Methanol emissions corrected 
for background, in grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityCH3OH=Density of methanol is 37.71 g/ft\3\ 
(1.332 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mmHg (101.3kPa) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) CH3OHconc=Methanol concentration of 
the dilute exhaust corrected for background, ppm.
    (B) 
CH3OHconc=C=CH3OHe-CCH3OHd(1-
(1/DF))

Where:
    (iv)(A) CCH3OHe=Methanol concentration in the dilute 
exhaust, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.038
    
    (v)(A) CCH3OHd=Methanol concentration in the dilution 
air, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.039
    
    (vi) CCH3OHR=Concentration of methanol in standard sample 
for calibration of GC, g/ml.
    (vii) ACH3OHR=GC peak area of standard sample.
    (viii) TEM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (ix) TDM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilution air,  deg.R.
    (x) PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (xi) VEM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust, ft\3\.
    (xii) VDM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilution air, ft\3\.
    (xiii) AS=GC peak area of sample drawn from dilute 
exhaust.
    (xiv) AD=GC peak area of sample drawn from dilution air.
    (xv) AVS=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
impinger through which methanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, ml.
    (xvi) AVD = Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) 
in impinger through which methanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
ml.
    (6)(i) HCHOmass = Formaldehyde emissions corrected for 
background, in grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityHCHO = Density of formaldehyde is 35.36 g/
ft\3\ (1.249 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) HCHOconc = Formaldehyde concentration of the 
dilute exhaust corrected for background, in ppm.
    (B) HCHOconc = CHCHOe - CHCHOd (1 - 
(1/DF))


Where:
    (iv)(A) CHCHOe = Formaldehyde concentration in dilute 
exhaust, in ppm.
    (B)

[[Page 513]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.040

    (v)(A) CHCHOd = Formaldehyde concentration in dilution 
air in ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.041
    
    (vi) CFDE = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution, 
g/ml.
    (vii) VAE = Volume of sampling solution for dilute 
exhaust formaldehyde sample, ml.
    (viii)(A) Q = Ratio of molecular weights of formaldehyde to its DNPH 
derivative.
    (B) Q = 0.1429.
    (ix) TEF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (x) VSE = Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust, ft\3\.
    (xi) PB = Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (xii) CFDA = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/
ml.
    (xiii) VAA = Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
formaldehyde sample, ml.
    (xiv) TDF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilution air,  deg.R.
    (xv) VSA = Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilution air, ft\3\.
    (7)(i) DF = 13.4/[CO2e + (HCe + 
COe) 10- \4\] for petroleum-fueled vehicles.
    (ii)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.042
    

for methanol-fueled vehicles where fuel composition is Cx 
Hy Oz as measured for the fuel used.
    (iii)(A) KH = Humidity correction factor.
    (B) KH = 1/[1 - 0.0047(H - 75)].
    (C) For SI units, KH = 1/[1 - 0.0329(H - 10.71)].

Where:
    (iv)(A) H = Absolute humidity in grains (grams) of water per pound 
(kilogram) of dry air.
    (B) H = [(43.478)Ra  x  Pd]/[PB - 
(Pd  x  Ra/100)].
    (C) For SI units, H = [(6.211)Ra  x  Pd]/
[PB - (Pd  x  Ra/100)].
    (v) Ra = Relative humidity of the ambient air, percent.
    (vi) Pd = Saturated vapor pressure, mm Hg (kPa) at the 
ambient dry bulb temperature.
    (vii) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa),
    (viii)(A) Vmix = Total dilute exhaust volume in cubic 
feet per test phase corrected to standard conditions (528  deg.R (293 
deg.K) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)).
    (B) For PDP-CVS,Vmix is:

[[Page 514]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.043

    (C) For SI units,
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.044
    

Where:
    (ix) Vo = Volume of gas pumped by the positive 
displacement pump, in cubic feet (m\3\) per revolution. This volume is 
dependent on the pressure differential across the positive displacement 
pump.
    (x) N = Number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
during the test phase while samples are being collected.
    (xi) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa).
    (xii) P4 = Pressure depression below atmospheric measured 
at the inlet to the positive displacement pump, in mm Hg (kPa) (during 
an idle mode).
    (xiii) Tp = Average temperature of dilute exhaust 
entering positive displacement pump during test,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (d) For petroleum-fueled vehicles, example calculation of mass 
values of exhaust emissions using positive displacement pump:
    (1) For the ``transient'' phase of the cold start test assume the 
following:
    Vo = 0.29344 ft\3\/rev; N = 10,485; R = 48.0 pct; 
Ra = 48.2 percent; PB = 762 mm Hg; Pd = 
22.225 mm Hg; P4 = 70 mm Hg; Tp = 570  deg.R; 
HCe = 105.8 ppm, carbon equivalent; NOxe = 11.2 
ppm; COem = 306.6 ppm; CO2e = 1.43 percent; 
HCd = 12.1 ppm; NOxd = 0.8 ppm; COdm = 
15.3 ppm; CO2d = 0.032 percent; Dct = 3.598 miles.

Then:
    (i) Vmix = (0.29344)(10,485)(762 - 70) (528)/(760)(570) = 
2595.0 ft\3\ per test phase.
    (ii) H=(43.478)(48.2)(22.225)/762 - (22.225)(48.2/100) = 62 grains 
of water per pound of dry air.
    (iii) KH = 1/[1 - 0.0047(62 - 75)] = 0.9424
    (iv) COe = [1 - 0.01925(1.43) - 0.000323(48)](306.6) = 
293.4 ppm.
    (v) COd = [1 - 0.000323(48)](15.3) = 15.1 ppm.
    (vi) DF = 13.4/[1.43 = 10\-4\(105.8 + 293.4)] = 9.116.
    (vii) HCconc = 105.8 - 12.1(1 - 1/9.116) = 95.03 ppm.
    (viii) HCmass = (2595)(16.33)(95.03/1,000,000) = 4.027 
grams per test phase.
    (ix) NOxconc = 11.2 - 0.8(1 - 1/9.116) = 10.49 ppm.
    (x) NOxmass = (2595)(54.16)(10.49/1,000,000)(0.9424) = 
1.389 grams per test phase.
    (xi) COconc = 293.4 - 15.1(1 - 1/9.116) = 280.0 ppm.
    (xii) COmass = (2595)(32.97)(280/1,000,000) = 23.96 grams 
per test phase.
    (xiii) CO2conc = 1.43 - 0.032(1 - 1/9.116) = 1.402 
percent.
    (xiv) CO2mass = (2595.0)(51.85)(1.402/100) = 1886 grams 
per test phase.
    (2) For the stabilized portion of the cold start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) HCmass = 0.62 grams per test phase.
    (ii) NOxmass = 1.27 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass = 5.98 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass = 2346 grams per test phase.
    (v) Ds = 3.902 miles.
    (3) For the ``transient'' portion of the hot start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) HCmass = 0.51 gram per test phase.
    (ii) NOxmass = 1.38 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass = 5.01 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass = 1758 grams per test phase.
    (v) Dht = 3.598 miles.
    (4) Weighted mass emission results:

[[Page 515]]

    (i) HCwm = 0.43[(4.027 + 0.62)/(3.598 + 3.902)] + 
0.57[(0.51 + 0.62)/(3.598 + 3.902)] = 0.352 grams per vehicle mile.
    (ii) NOxwm = 0.43[(1.389 + 1.27)/(3.598 + 3.902)] + 
0.57[(1.38 + 1.27)/(3.598 + 3.902)] = 0.354 grams per vehicle mile.
    (iii) COwm = 0.43[(23.96 + 5.98)/(3.598 + 3.902)] = 
0.57[(5.01 + 5.98)/(3.598 + 3.902)] = 2.55 grams per vehicle mile.
    (iv) CO2wm = 0.43[(1886 + 2346)/(3.598 + 3.902) = 
0.57[(1758 + 2346)/(3.598 + 3.902)] = 555 grams per vehicle mile.
    (e) For methanol-fueled vehicle with measured fuel composition of 
CH3.14 O0.6 example calculation of exhaust 
emissions using positive displacement pump:
    (1) For the ``transient'' phase of the cold start test assume the 
following:
    Vo = 0.29344 ft\3\/rev; N = 10,485; R = 48.0 pct; 
Ra = 48.2 percent; PB = 762 mm Hg; Pd = 
22.225 mm Hg; P4 = 70 mm Hg; Tp 570  deg.R; FID 
HCe = 81.6 ppm, carbon equivalent; r = 0.75; 
CCH30HR = 71 ug/ml; TEM = 567  deg.R; 
ACH3OHR = 3660; VEM 1.18 ft\3\; ASl = 
4460; AVsl = 25.2 ml; As2 = 360; AVs2 = 
24.9 ml; TDM = 532  deg.R; VDM = 1.17 ft\3\; 
ADl = 110; AVD1 = 25.0 ml; AD2 = 10; 
AVD2 = 25.1 ml; CFDE = 20 ug/ml; VAE = 
5.0 ml; Q = 0.1429; TEF = 569  deg.R; VSE = 0.30 
ft\3\; CFDA = 1 ug/ml; VAA = 5.0 ml; 
TDF = 532  deg.R; VSA = 0.31 ft\3\; 
NOxe = 11.2 ppm; COem = 306.6 ppm; CO2e 
= 1.43 pct; FID HCd = 12.1 ppm; NOxd = 0.8 ppm; 
COdm = 15.3 ppm; CO2d = 0.032 percent; 
Dct = 3.598 miles.

Then:
    (i) Vmix = (0.29344)(10,485)(762 - 70) (528)/(760)(570) = 
2595.0 ft\3\ per test phase.
    (ii) H = (43.478)(48.2)(22.225)/[762 - (22.225  x  48.2/100)] = 62 
grains of water per pound of dry air.
    (iii) KH = 1/[1 - 0.0047(62 - 75)] = 0.9424.
    (iv) COe = [1 - (0.01 + 0.005  x  3.14  x  1.43) - 
0.000323(48))]  x  306.6 = 291.9 ppm.
    (v) COd = (1 - 0.000323(48))  x  15.3 = 15.1 ppm.
    (vi) CCH3OHe = 
(3.813 x 10-2)(71)(567)[(4460)(25.2) + (360)(24.9)] / 
(3660)(762)(1.18) = 56.60 ppm.
    (vii) DF = 100(1/[1 + (3.14/2) + 3.76(1 + (3.14/4) - (0.6/2))])/1.43 
+ 10-4[(81.6 + 291.9 + (1 - 0.75)(56.60)] + 8.350
    (viii) CCH3OHd = 
(3.813 x 10-2)(71)(532)[(110)(25.0) + (10)(25.1)] / 
(3660)(762)(1.17) = 1.32 ppm.
    (ix) CH3OHconc=56.60-1.32(1-1/8.350)=55.44 
ppm.
    (x) CH3OHmass=2595.0 x 37.71 x (55.44/
1,000,000)=5.43 grams per test phase.
    (xi) HCconc = [81.6-(0.75)(56.60)]-[12.1-(0.75)(1.32)] 
(1-1/8.530) = 29.34 ppm.
    (xii) HCmass=(2594) (16.33) (29.34/1,000,000)=1.24 grams 
per test phase.
    (xiii) CHCHOe = 4.069  x  
10-2(20)(5)(0.1429)(569)/(0.30)(762) = 1.4473 ppm.
    (xiv) CHCHOd = 4.069  x  
10-2(1)(5)(0.1429)(532)/(0.31)(762) = 0.0655 ppm.
    (xv) HCHOconc=1.4473-0.0655(1-1/8.350)=1.3896 ppm.
    (xvi) HCHOmass=(2595)(35.36)(1.3896/1,000,000)=0.1275 
grams per test phase.
    (xvii) THCE = 1.24+(13.8756/32.042)(5.43) + (13.8756/
30.0262)(0.1275) = 3.65 grams per test phase.
    (xviii) NOxconc=11.2-(0.8)(1-1/8.350)=10.50 ppm
    (xix) NOxmass=(2595)(54.16)(10.50/
1,000,000)(0.9424)=1.390 grams per test phase.
    (xx) COconc=291.9-15.1 (1-1/8.350)=278.61 ppm.
    (xxi) COmass=(2595.0)(32.97)(278.69/1,000,000)=23.84 
grams per test phase.
    (xxii) CO2conc=1.43-0.032 (1-1/8.350)=1.402 percent.
    (xxiii) CO2mass=(2595.0)(51.85)(1.402/100)=1886 grams per 
test phase.
    (2) For the stabilized portion of the cold start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) THCE=0.55 grams per test phase.
    (ii) NOxmass=1.27 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass=5.98 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass=2346 grams per test phase.
    (v) Ds=3.902 miles.
    (3) For the ``transient'' portion of the hot start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) THCE=0.67 grams as carbon equivalent per test phase.
    (ii) NOxmass=1.38 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass=5.01 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass=1758 grams per test phase.
    (v) Dht=3.598 miles.
    (4) Weighted emission results:
    (i) THCEwm=0.43[(3.65+0.55)/
(3.598+3.902)]+0.57[(0.67+0.55)/(3.598+3.902)]=0.334 grams as carbon 
equivalent per mile.
    (ii) NOxwm=0.43[(1.390+1.27)/
(3.598+3.902)]+0.57[1.38+1.27)/(3.598+3.902)]=0.354 grams per vehicle 
mile.

[[Page 516]]

    (iii) COwm=0.43[(23.84+5.98)/
(3.598+3.902)]+0.57[(5.01+5.98)/(3.598+3.902)]=2.54 grams per vehicle 
mile.
    (iv) CO2wm+0.43[(1886+2346)/
(3.598+3.902)]+0.57[(1758+2346)/(3.598+3.902)]=555 grams per vehicle 
mile.

[54 FR 14535, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 39649, Aug. 3, 1994]



Sec. 86.144-94  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

    The final reported test results shall be computed by use of the 
following formula:
    (a) For light-duty vehicles and light duty trucks:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.051
    

Where:
    (1) YWM = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, 
i.e., THC, CO, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, CH4, NOX, or 
CO2, in grams per vehicle mile.
    (2) Yct=Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test phase.
    (3) Yht=Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``transient'' phase of the hot start test, in grams per test phase.
    (4) Ys=Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test phase.
    (5) Dct=The measured driving distance from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold start test, in miles.
    (6) Dht=The measured distance from the ``transient'' 
phase of the hot start test, in miles.
    (7) Ds=The measured driving distance from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in miles.
    (b) The mass of each pollutant for each phase of both the cold start 
test and the hot start test is determined from the following:
    (1) Total hydrocarbon mass:

HCmass=Vmix  x  DensityHC  x  
(HCconc/1,000,000)
    (2) Oxides of nitrogen mass:
NOxmass=Vmix  x  DensityNO2  x  
KH  x  (NOxconc/1,000,000)
    (3) Carbon monoxide mass:
COmass=Vmix  x  DensityCO  x  
(COconc/1,000,000)
    (4) Carbon dioxide mass:
CO2mass=Vmix  x  DensityCO2  x  
(CO2conc/100)
    (5) Methanol mass:
CH3OHmass=Vmix  x  
DensityCH3OH  x  (CH3OHconc/1,000,000)
    (6) Formaldehyde mass:
HCHOmass=Vmix  x  DensityHCHO  x  
(HCHOconc/1,000,000)
    (7) Total hydrocarbon equivalent mass:
THCEmass = HCmass + 13.8756/32.042  x  
(CH3OHmass) + 13.8756/32.0262  x  
(HCHOmass)
    (8) Non-methane hydrocarbon mass:

NMHCmass = Vmix  x  DensityNMHC  x  
(NMHCconc/1,000,000)
    (9) Non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent mass:
NMHCEmass = NMHCmass + 13.8756/32.042  x  
(CH3OHmass) + 13.8756/30.0262  x  
(HCHOmass)
    (10) Methane mass:
    CH4mass=Vmix=DensityCH4=(CH4conc
/1,000,00)
    (c) Meaning of symbols:
    (1)(i) HCmass=Total hydrocarbon emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) DensityHC=Density of total hydrocarbon.
    (A) For gasoline-fuel, diesel-fuel and methanol fuel; 
DensityHC=16.33 g/ft\3\-carbon atom (0.5768 kg/m\3\-carbon 
atom), assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85, at 68 
deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (B) For natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel; 
DensityHC=1.1771 (12.011+H/C (1.008)) g/ft\3\-carbon atom 
(0.04157(12.011+H/C (1.008))kg/m\3\-carbon atom), where H/C is the 
hydrogen to carbon ratio of the hydrocarbon components of the test fuel, 
at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.

[[Page 517]]

    (iii)(A) HCconc=Total hydrocarbon concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon 
equivalent, i.e., equivalent propane  x  3.
    (B) HCconc=HCe-HCd(1-1/DF).

Where:
    (iv)(A) HCe=Total hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample or, for diesel-cycle (or methanol-fueled vehicles, if 
selected), average hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust 
sample as calculated from the integrated THC traces, in ppm carbon 
equivalent.
    (B) HCe=FID 
HCe-(r)CCH3OHe.
    (v) FID HCe=Concentration of total hydrocarbon plus 
methanol in dilute exhaust as measured by the FID, ppm carbon 
equivalent.
    (vi) r=FID response to methanol.
    (vii) CCH3OHe=Concentration of methanol in 
dilute exhaust as determined from the dilute exhaust methanol sample in 
ppm carbon. For vehicles not fueled with methanol, 
CCH3OHe equals zero.
    (viii)(A) HCd=Total hydrocarbon concentration of the 
dilution air as measured, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (B) HCd=FID 
HCd-(r)CCH3OHd.
    (ix) FID HCd=Concentration of total hydrocarbon plus 
methanol in dilution air as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    (x) CCH3OHd=Concentration of methanol in 
dilution air as determined from dilution air methanol sample in ppm 
carbon. For vehicles not fueled with methanol, 
CCH3OHd equals zero.
    (2)(i) NOxmass=Oxides of nitrogen emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) DensityNO2=Density of oxides of nitrogen is 54.16 g/
ft3 (1.913 kg/m\3\) assuming they are in the form of nitrogen dioxide, 
at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) NOxconc=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm.
    (B) NOxconc=NOxe-NOxd(1-(1/DF)).

Where:
    (iv) NOxe=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample as measured, in ppm.
    (v) NOxd=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in ppm.
    (3)(i) COmass=Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) DensityCO = Density of carbon monoxide is 32.97 g/
ft\3\ (1.164 kg/m3), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) COconc = Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, water vapor, and 
CO2 extraction, in ppm.
    (B) COconc = COe - COd(1 - (1/DF)).

Where:
    (iv)(A) COe = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust volume corrected for water vapor and carbon dioxide extraction, 
in ppm.
    (B) COe = (1 - 0.01925CO2e-
0.000323R)COem for petroleum fuel with hydrogen to carbon 
ratio of 1.85:1.
    (C) COe=[1-(0.01+0.005HCR) 
CO2e-0.000323R]COem for methanol-fuel or natural 
gas-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas-fuel, where HCR is hydrogen-to-
carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used.
    (v) COem = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample as measured, in ppm.
    (vi) CO2e = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample, in percent.
    (vii) R = Relative humidity of the dilution air, in percent (see 
Sec. 86.142(n)).
    (viii)(A) COd = Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilution air corrected for water vapor extraction, in ppm.
    (B) COd = (1-0.000323R)COdm.

Where:
    (ix) COdm = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution 
air sample as measured, in ppm.
    Note: If a CO instrument which meets the criteria specified in 
Sec. 86.111 is used and the conditioning column has been deleted, 
COem must be substituted directly for COe and 
COdm must be substituted directly for COd.
    (4)(i) CO2mass = Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) Density CO2 = Density of carbon dioxide is 51.81 g/
ft\3\ (1.830 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 
kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) CO2conc = Carbon dioxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in percent.
    (B) CO2conc = CO2e - CO2d(1 - (1/
DF)). Where:

[[Page 518]]

    (iv) CO2d = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in percent.
    (5)(i) CH3OHmass = Methanol emissions 
corrected for background, in grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityCH3OH=Density of methanol is 37.71 g/
ft3-carbon atom (1.332 kg/m3-carbon atom), at 68 
deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) CH3OHconc = Methanol concentration of 
the dilute exhaust corrected for background, ppm.
    (B) CH3OHconc = CCH3OHe - 
CCH3OHd(1 - (1/DF)).

Where:
    (iv)(A) CCH3OHe=Methanol concentration in the dilute 
exhaust, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.055
    
    (v)(A) CCH3OHd=Methanol concentration in the dilution 
air, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.056
    
    (vi) TEM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (vii) TDM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilution air,  deg.R.
    (viii) PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (ix) VEM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust, ft3.
    (x) VDM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilution 
air, ft3.
    (xi) CS=GC concentration of sample drawn from dilute 
exhaust, g/ml.
    (xii) CD=GC concentration of sample drawn from dilution 
air, g/ml.
    (xiii) AVS=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in impinger 
through which methanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, ml.
    (xiv) AVD=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in impinger 
through which methanol sample from dilution air is drawn, ml.
    (xv) 1=first impinger.
    (xvi) 2=second impinger.
    (xvii) 1 = first impinger.
    (xviii) 2 = second impinger.
    (6)(i) HCHOmass = Formaldehyde emissions corrected for 
background, in grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityHCHO=Density of formaldehyde is 35.36 g/
ft3- carbon atom (1.249 kg/m3-carbon atom), at 68 
deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) HCHOconc = Formaldehyde concentration of the 
dilute exhaust corrected for background, in ppm.
    (B) HCHOconc = CHCHOe - CHCHOd (1- 
(1/DF)).

Where:
    (iv)(A) CHCHOe = Formaldehyde concentration in dilute 
exhaust, in ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.057
    
    (v)(A) CHCHOd = Formaldehyde concentration in dilution 
air in ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.058
    
    (vi) CFDE = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution, 
g/ml.
    (vii) VAE = Volume of sampling solution for dilute 
exhaust formaldehyde sample, ml.

[[Page 519]]

    (viii)(A) Q = Ratio of molecular weights of formaldehyde to its DNPH 
derivative.
    (B) Q = 0.1429.
    (ix) TEF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (x) VSE = Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust, ft\3\.
    (xi) PB = Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (xii) CFDA = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/
ml.
    (xiii) VAA = Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
formaldehyde sample, ml.
    (xiv) TDF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilution air,  deg.R.
    (xv) VSA = Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilution air, ft\3\.
    (7)(i) DF = 13.4/[CO2e+(HCe+COe) 
10-4] for petroleum-fueled vehicles.
    (ii) For methanol-fueled vehicles, where fuel composition is 
Cx Hy Oz as measured, or calculated, 
for the fuel used:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.059

    (iii)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.060
    

for natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles where 
fuel composition is Cx Hy as measured for the fuel 
used.
    (iv)(A) KH=Humidity correction factor.
    (B) KH=1/[1-0.0047(H-75)].
    (C) For SI units, KH=1 x [1-0.0329(H x 10.71)].

Where:
    (v)(A) H=Absolute humidity in grains (grams) of water per pound 
(kilogram) of dry air.
    (B) H=[(43.478)Ra  x  Pd]/
[PB-(Pd  x  Ra/100)].
    (C) For SI units, H=[(6.211)Ra  x  Pd]/
[PB x (Pd  x  Ra/100)].
    (vi) Ra=Relative humidity of the ambient air, percent.
    (vii) Pd=Saturated vapor pressure, mm Hg (kPa) at the 
ambient dry bulb temperature.
    (viii) PB=Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa).
    (ix)(A) Vmix=Total dilute exhaust volume in cubic feet 
per test phase corrected to standard conditions (528 deg.R (293  deg.K) 
and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)).
    (B) For PDP-CVS, Vmix is:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.061
    
    (C) For SI units,
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.062
    

Where:
    (x) Vo=Volume of gas pumped by the positive displacement 
pump, in cubic feet (m3) per revolution. This volume is 
dependent on the pressure differential across the positive displacement 
pump.

[[Page 520]]

    (xi) N=Number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
during the test phase while samples are being collected.
    (xii) PB=Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa).
    (xiii) P4=Pressure depression below atmospheric measured 
at the inlet to the positive displacement pump, in mm Hg (kPa) (during 
an idle mode).
    (xiv) Tp=Average temperature of dilute exhaust entering 
positive displacement pump during test,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (8)(i) NMHCconc=HCconc-(rCH4  
x CH4conc).
    (ii) DensityNMHC=The density of non-methane hydrocarbon.
    (A) For gasoline-fuel and diesel-fuel; DensityNMHC=16.33 
g/ft3-carbon atom (0.5768 kg/m3-carbon atom), 
assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85 at 68  deg.F (20 
deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (B) For natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas fuel; 
DensityNMHC=1.1771(12.011+H/C(1.008))g/ft3-carbon 
atom (0.04157(12.011+H/C(1.008))kg/m3-carbon atom), where H/C 
is the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the non-methane hydrocarbon 
components of the test fuel, at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg 
(101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) CH4conc = Methane concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (B) CH4conc = CH4e - CH4d(1 - 1/DF)

Where:
    (iv) CH4e = Methane exhaust bag concentration in ppm 
carbon equivalent.
    (v) CH4d = Methane concentration of the dilution air in 
ppm carbon equivalent.
    (vi) rCH4=HC FID response to methane for natural gas-
fueled vehicles as measured in Sec. 86.121(d). For all other vehicles 
rCH4=1.
    (9)(i) CH4mass=Methane emissions, in grams per test 
phase.
    (ii) DensityCH4=Density of methane is 18.89 g/
ft3-carbon atom (0.6672 kg/m3-carbon atom), at 68 
deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (d) For petroleum-fueled vehicles, example calculation of mass 
values of exhaust emissions using positive displacement pump:
    (1) For the ``transient'' phase of the cold start test assume the 
following: Vo = 0.29344 ft\3\rev; N = 10,485; R = 48.0 pct; 
Ra = 48.2 percent; PB = 762 mm Hg; Pd = 
22.225 mm Hg; P4 = 70 mm Hg; Tp = 570  deg.R; 
HCe = 105.8 ppm, carbon equivalent; NOxe = 11.2 
ppm; COem = 306.6 ppm; CO2e = 1.43 percent; 
CH4e = 10.74 ppm; HCd = 12.1 ppm; NOxd 
= 0.8 ppm; COdm = 15.3 ppm; CO2d = 0.032 percent; 
CH4d = 2.20 ppm; Dct = 3.598 miles.

Then:
    (i) Vmix = (0.29344)(10,485)(762-70)(528)/(760)(570) = 
2595.0 ft\3\ per test phase.
    (ii) H = (43.478)(48.2)(22.225)/762 - (22.225)(48.2/100) = 62 grains 
of water per pound of dry air.
    (iii) KH = 1/[1 - 0.0047(62-75)] = 0.9424.
    (iv) COe = [1-0.01925(1.43) - 0.000323(48)](306.6) = 
293.4 ppm.
    (v) COd = [1 - 0.000323(48)](15.3) = 15.1 ppm.
    (vi) DF = 13.4/[1.43+10-4(105.8+293.4)] = 9.116.
    (vii) HCconc = 105.8-12.1(1 - 1/9.116) = 95.03 ppm.
    (viii) HCmass = (2595)(16.33)(95.03/1,000,000) = 4.027 
grams per test phase.
    (ix) NOxconc = 11.2 - 0.8(1 - 1/9.116) = 10.49 ppm.
    (x) NOxmass = (2595)(54.16)(10.49/1,000,000)(0.9424) = 
1.389 grams per test phase.
    (xi) COconc = 293.4 - 15.1(1 - 1/9.116) = 280.0 ppm.
    (xii) COmass = (2595)(32.97)(280/1,000,000) = 23.96 grams 
per test phase.
    (xiii) CO2conc = 1.43 - 0.032(1 - 1/9.116) = 1.402 
percent.
    (xiv) CO2mass = (2595.0)(51.85)(1.402/100) = 1886 grams 
per test phase.
    (xv) CH4conc = 10.74 - 2.2 (1 - 1/9.116) = 8.78 ppm.
    (xvi) NMHCconc = 95.03 - 8.78 = 86.25 ppm.
    (xvii) NMHCmass = (2595)(16.33)(86.25)/1,000,000 = 3.655 
grams per test phase.
    (2) For the stabilized portion of the cold start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) HCmass = 0.62 gram per test phase.
    (ii) NOxmass = 1.27 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass = 5.98 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass = 2346 grams per test phase.
    (v) Ds = 3.902 miles.
    (vi) NMHCmass = 0.50 gram per test phase.

[[Page 521]]

    (3) For the ``transient'' portion of the hot start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) HCmass = 0.51 gram per test phase.
    (ii) NOxmass = 1.38 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass = 5.01 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass = 1758 grams per test phase.
    (v) Dht = 3.598 miles.
    (vi) NMHCmass = 0.44 grams per test phase.
    (4) Weighted mass emission results:
    (i) HCwm = 0.43[(4.027+0.62)/
(3.598+3.902)]+0.57[(0.51+0.62)/(3.598+3.902)] = 0.352 gram per vehicle 
mile.
    (ii) NOxwm = 0.43[(1.389+1.27)/(3.598+3.902)] + 
0.57[(1.38+1.27)/(3.598+3.902)] = 0.354 gram per vehicle mile.
    (iii) COwm = 0.43[(23.96+5.98)/(3.598+3.902)] + 
0.57[(5.01+5.98)/(3.598+3.902)] = 2.55 grams per vehicle mile.
    (iv) CO2wm = 0.43[(1886+2346)/
(3.598+3.902)+0.57[(1758+2346)/(3.598+3.902)] = 555 gram per vehicle 
mile.
    (v) NMHCwm = 0.43[(3.655 + 0.50)/(3.598 + 3.902)] + 
0.57[(0.44 + 0.50)/(3.598 + 3.902)] = 0.310 gram per vehicle mile.
    (e) For methanol-fueled vehicles with measured fuel composition of 
CH3.487 O0.763, example calculation of exhaust 
emissions using positive displacement pump:
    (1) For the ``transient'' phase of the cold start test assume the 
following: V0=0.29344 ft3 rev; N=25,801; R=37.5 
pct; Ra=37.5 percent; PB=725.42 mm Hg; Pd=22.02 mm 
Hg; P4=70 mm Hg; Tp 570 deg.R; FID 
HCe=14.65 ppm, carbon equivalent; r=0.788; 
TEM=527.67 deg.R; VEM=0.2818 ft3; 
CS1=7.101; AVS1=15.0 ml; CS2=0.256; 
AVS2=15.0 ml; TDM=527.67 deg.R; 
VDM=1.1389 ft3; CD1=0.439; 
AVD1=15.0 ml; CD2=0.0; AVD2=15.0 ml; 
CFDE=8.970  g/ml; VAE=5.0 ml; Q=0.1429; 
TEF=527.67 deg.R; VSE=0.2857 ft3; 
CFDA=0.39  g/ml; VAA=5.0 ml; 
TDF=527.67 deg.R; VSA=1.1043 ft3; 
NOXe=5.273 ppm; COem=98.8 ppm; 
CO2e=0.469 pct; CH4e=2.825 ppm; FID 
HCd=2.771 ppm; NOXd=0.146 ppm; 
COdm=1.195 ppm; CO2d=0.039 percent; 
CH4d=2.019 ppm; Dct=3.583 miles.(Q P='04'

Then:

    (i) Vmix=(0.29344)(25,801)(725.42-70)(528)/
(760)(570)=6048.1.0 ft3 per test phase.
    (ii) H=(43.478)(37.5)(22.02)/[725.42-(22.02x37.5/100)]=50 grains of 
water per pound of dry air.
    (iii) KH=1/[1-0.0047(50-75)]=0.8951.
    (iv) COe=[1-
(0.01+0.005 x 3.487) x 0.469)-0.000323(37.5)) x 98.8=96.332 ppm.
    (v) COd=(1-0.000323(37.5)) x 1.195=1.181 ppm.
    (vi) CCH3OHe = 
(3.813 x 10-2)(527.67)[(7.101)(15.0) + (0.256)(15.0)]/
(725.42)(0.2818) = 10.86 ppm.
    (vii) HCe=14.65-(0.788)(10.86)=6.092.
    (viii) DF = 100(1/[1 + (3.487/2) + 3.76(1 + (3.487/4) - (0.763/
2))])/0.469 + (6.092 + 96.332 + 10.86 + 0.664)(10-4) = 
24.939.
    (ix) CCH3OHd = (3.813  x  
10-2)(527.67)[(0.439)(15.0) + (0.0)(15.0)]/(725.42)(1.1389) = 
0.16 ppm.
    (x) CH3OHconc=10.86-0.16(1-1/24.939)=10.71 
ppm.
    (xi) CH3OHmass=6048.1 x 37.71 x (10.71/
1,000,000)=2.44 grams per test phase.
    (xii) HCconc=[14.65 - (0.788)(10.86)] - [2.771 - 
(0.788)(0.16)] (1-1/24.94)=3.553 ppm.
    (xiii) HCmass=(6048.1)(16.33)(3.553/1,000,000)=0.35 grams 
per test phase.
    (xiv) CHCHOe = 4.069  x  
10-2(8.970)(5.0)(0.1429)(527.67)/(0.2857)(725.42) = 0.664 
ppm.
    (xv) CHCHOd = 4.069  x  
10-2(0.39)(5.0)(0.1429)(527.67)/(1.1043)(725.42) = 0.0075 
ppm.
    (xvi) HCHOconc=0.664-0.0075(1-1/24.939)=0.6568 ppm.
    (xvii) HCHOmass=(6048.1)(35.36)(0.6568/1,000,000)=0.1405 
grams per test phase.
    (xviii) THCE=0.35+(13.8756/32.042)(2.44)+(13.8756/ 
30.0262)(0.1405)=1.47 grams per test phase.
    (xix) NOXconc=5.273-(0.146)(1-1/24.939)=5.13 ppm.
    (xx) NOXmass=(6048.1)(54.16)(5.13/
1,000,000)(0.8951)=1.505 grams per test phase.
    (xxi) COconc=96.332-1.181(1-1/24.939)=95.2 ppm.
    (xxii) COmass=(6048.1)(32.97)(95.2/1,000,000)=18.98 grams 
per test phase.
    (xxiii) CO2conc=0.469-0.039(1-1/24.939)=0.432 percent.
    (xxiv) CO2mass=(6048.1)(51.85)(0.432/100)=1353 grams.
    (xxv) CH4conc=2.825-2.019(1-1/24.939)=0.89 ppm.

[[Page 522]]

    (xxvi) NMHCconc=3.553 ppm-0.89 ppm=2.67 ppm.
    (xxvii) NMHCmass=(6048.1)(16.33)(2.67/1,000,000)=0.263 
grams per test phase.
    (xxviii) NMHCEmass=0.263+(13.8756/32.042)(2.44) + 
(13.8756/ 30.0262)(0.1405)=1.39 grams per test phase.
    (2) For the stabilized portion of the cold start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) THCE=0.143 grams per test phase.
    (ii) NOXmass=0.979 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass=0.365 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass=1467 grams per test phase.
    (v) Ds=3.854 miles.
    (vi) NMHCE=0.113 grams per test phase.
    (3) For the ``transient'' portion of the hot start test assume that 
similar calculations resulted in the following:
    (i) THCE=0.488 grams as carbon equivalent per test phase.
    (ii) NOXmass=1.505 grams per test phase.
    (iii) COmass=3.696 grams per test phase.
    (iv) CO2mass=1179 grams per test phase.
    (v) Dht=3.577 miles.
    (vi) NMHCE=0.426 grams per test phase.
    (4) Weighted emission results:
    (i) THCEwm = (0.43)  x  (1.473 + 0.143)/(3.583 + 3.854) + 
(0.57)  x  (0.488 + 0.143)/(3.577 + 3.854) = 0.142 grams as carbon 
equivalent per mile.
    (ii) NOxwm = (0.43)  x  (1.505 + 0.979)/(3.583 + 3.854) + 
(0.57)  x  (1.505 + 0.979)/3.577 + 3.854) = 0.344 grams per mile.
    (iii) COwm = (0.43)  x  (18.983 + 0.365)/(3.583 = 3.854) 
+ (0.57)  x  (3.696 + 0.365)/(3.577 + 3.854) = 1.43 grams per mile.
    (iv) CO2wm = (0.43)  x  (1353 + 1467)/(3.583 + 3.854) + 
(0.57)  x  (1179 + 1467)/(3.577 + 3.854) = 366 grams per mile.
    (v) NMHCEwm = (0.43)  x  (1.386 + 0.113)/(3.583 + 3.854) 
+ (0.57)  x  (0.426 = 0.113)/(3.577 + 3.854) = 0.128 grams per mile.

[56 FR 25777, June 5, 1991, as amended at 59 FR 39649, Aug. 3, 1994; 59 
FR 48511, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 34349, June 30, 1995; 62 FR 47122, Sept. 
5, 1997]



Sec. 86.145-82  Calculations; particulate emissions.

    (a) The final reported test results for the mass particulate 
(Mp) in grams/mile shall be computed as follows.
Mp = 0.43(Mp1 + Mp2)/(Dct + 
Ds) + 0.57(Mp3 + Mp2)/(Dht = 
Ds)

where:
    (1) Mp1 = Mass of particulate determined from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test phase. 
(See Sec. 86.110-82(c)(1) for determination.)
    (2) Mp2 = Mass of particulate determined from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test phase. 
(See Sec. 86.110-82(c)(1) for determination.)
    (3) Mp3 = Mass of particulate determined from the 
``transient'' phase of the hot start test, in grams per test phase. (See 
Sec. 86.110-82(c)(1) for determination).
    (4) Dct = The measured driving distance from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold start test, in miles.
    (5) Ds = The measured driving distance from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in miles.
    (6) Dht = The measured driving distance from the 
``transient'' phase of the hot start test, in miles.
    (b) The mass of particulate for each phase of testing is determined 
as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.074


where:
    (1) j = 1, 2 or 3 depending on which phase the mass of particulate 
is being determined for (i.e., the ``transient'' phase of the cold start 
test, the ``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, or the 
``transient'' phase of the hot start test).
    (2) Vmix = Total dilute exhaust volume in cubic meters 
per test, corrected to standard conditions 528 deg.R (293K) and 29.92 in 
Hg (101.3 kPa). Vmix is further defined in Sec. 86.144.
    (3) Pe = mass of particulate per test on the exhaust 
filter(s), grams.
    (4) Pb = mass of particulate on the ``background'' 
filter, grams.
    (i) The background particulate level, Pb, inside the 
dilution air filter box at EPA is very low. Pb will be 
assumed = 0, and background particulate samples will not be taken with 
each exhaust

[[Page 523]]

sample. It is recommended that background particulate checks be made 
periodically to verify the low level.
    (ii) Any manufacturer may make the same assumption without prior EPA 
approval.
    (iii) If Pb is assumed = 0, then no background correction 
is made. The equation for particulate mass emissions then reduces to:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.075

    (6) Vep = total volume of sample pulled through the 
filter, cubic feet at standard conditions.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.076


where:
    (i) Vap = corrected (according to procedure specified in 
Sec. 85.120) dilute exhaust sample volume, cubic feet.
    (ii) Pbar = barometric pressure, in Hg.
    (iii) Pip = pressure elevation above ambient measured at 
the inlet to the dilute exhaust sample gas meter or flow instrument, in 
Hg. (For most gas meters with unrestricted discharge Pip is 
negligible and can be assumed = 0.)
    (iv) Tip = average temperature of the dilute exhaust 
sample at the inlet to the gas meter or flow instrument,  deg.R.
    (7) Vbp = total volume of the background sample, cubic 
feet at standard conditions. (Vbp is not required if Pb 
is assumed = 0.) It is calculated using the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.077


where:
    (i) Vab = corrected (according to procedure specified in 
Sec. 85.120) background sample volume, cubic feet.
    (ii) Pbar = barometric pressure, in. Hg.
    (iii) Pib = pressure elevation above ambient measured at 
the inlet to the background gas meter or flow instrument, in Hg. (For 
most gas meters with unrestricted discharge Pib is negligible 
and can be assumed = 0.)
    (iv) Tib = average temperature of the background sample 
at the inlet to the gas meter or flow instrument,  deg.R.
    (8) DF = dilution factor. (DF is not required if Pb is 
assumed = 0.)

[45 FR 14523, Mar. 5, 1980, as amended at 46 FR 50494, Oct. 13, 1981, 
and 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.146-96  Fuel dispensing spitback procedure.

    (a) The vehicle is fueled at a rate of 10 gal/min to test for fuel 
spitback emissions. All liquid fuel spitback emissions that occur during 
the test are collected in a bag made of a material impermeable to 
hydrocarbons or methanol. The bag shall be designed and used so that 
liquid fuel does not spit back onto the vehicle body, adjacent floor, 
etc., and it must not impede the free flow of displaced gasoline vapor 
from the orifice of the filler pipe. The bag must be designed to permit 
passage of the dispensing nozzle through the bag. If the bag has been 
used for previous testing, sufficient time shall be allowed for the bag 
to dry out. The dispensing nozzle shall be a commercial model, not 
equipped with vapor recovery hardware.
    (b) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle shall 
be not less than 68  deg.F nor more than 86  deg.F. The temperatures 
monitored during testing must be representative of those experienced by 
the test vehicle. The vehicle shall be approximately level during all 
phases of the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.
    (c) Measure and record the mass of the bag to be used for collecting 
spitback emissions to the nearest 0.01 gram.
    (d) Drain the fuel tank(s) and fill with test fuel, as specified in 
Sec. 86.113, to 10 percent of the reported nominal fuel tank capacity. 
The fuel cap(s) shall be installed immediately after refueling.
    (e) The vehicle shall be soaked at 806  deg.F 
(273  deg.C) for a minimum of six hours, then placed, either 
by being driven or pushed, on a dynamometer and operated through one 
Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (specified in Sec. 86.115 and 
appendix I of this part). The test vehicle may not be used to set 
dynamometer horsepower.

[[Page 524]]

    (f) Following the preconditioning drive, the vehicle shall be moved 
or driven at minimum throttle to the refueling area.
    (g) All areas in proximity to the vehicle fuel fill orifice and the 
dispenser nozzle itself shall be completely dry of liquid fuel.
    (h) The fuel filler neck shall be snugly fitted with the vented bag 
to capture any fuel emissions. The fuel nozzle shall be inserted through 
the bag into the filler neck of the test vehicle to its maximum 
penetration. The plane of the nozzle's handle shall be perpendicular to 
the floor of the laboratory.
    (i) The fueling procedure consists of dispensing fuel through a 
nozzle, interrupted by a series of automatic shutoffs. A minimum of 3 
seconds shall elapse between any automatic shutoff and subsequent 
resumption of dispensing. Dispensing may not be manually terminated, 
unless the test vehicle has already clearly failed the test. The vehicle 
shall be fueled according to the following procedure:
    (1) The fueling operation shall be started within 4 minutes after 
the vehicle is turned off and within 8 minutes after completion of the 
preconditioning drive. The average temperature of the dispensed fuel 
shall be 655  deg.F (183  deg.C).
    (2) The fuel shall be dispensed at a rate of 9.80.3 
gallons/minute (37.11.1 L/min) until the automatic shutoff 
is activated.
    (3) If the automatic shutoff is activated before the nozzle has 
dispensed an amount of fuel equal to 70 percent of the tank's nominal 
capacity, the dispensing may be resumed at a reduced rate. Repeat as 
necessary until the nozzle has dispensed an amount of fuel equal to at 
least 70 percent of the tank's nominal capacity.
    (4) Once the automatic shutoff is activated after the nozzle has 
dispensed an amount of fuel equal to 70 percent of the tank's nominal 
capacity, the fuel shall be dispensed at a rate of 51 
gallons/minute (194 /min) for all subsequent 
dispensing. Dispensing shall be restarted two additional times.
    (5) If the nozzle has dispensed an amount of fuel less than 85 
percent of the tank's nominal capacity after the two additional 
dispensing restarts, dispensing shall be resumed, and shall continue 
through as many automatic shutoffs as necessary to achieve this level. 
This completes the fueling procedure.
    (j) Withdraw the nozzle from the vehicle and the bag, holding the 
tip of the nozzle upward to avoid any dripping into the bag.
    (k) Within 1 minute after completion of the fueling event, the bag 
shall be folded to minimize the vapor volume inside the bag. The bag 
shall be folded as quickly as possible to prevent evaporation of 
collected emissions.
    (l) Within 5 minutes after completion of the fueling event, the mass 
of the bag and its contents shall be measured and recorded (consistent 
with paragraph (c) of this section). The bag shall be weighed as quickly 
as possible to prevent evaporation of collected emissions.

[58 FR 16045, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.150-98  Refueling test procedure; overview.

    (a) The refueling emissions test procedure described in this and 
subsequent sections is used to determine the conformity of vehicles with 
the refueling emissions standards set forth in subpart A of this part 
for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. The refueling emissions 
test procedure may be performed as an individual test or in combination 
with the evaporative and exhaust emissions test sequences of 
Sec. 86.130-96.
    (b) The refueling emissions test is designed to measure hydrocarbon 
emissions resulting from the generation or displacement of fuel tank 
vapor during vehicle refueling. The refueling emissions shall be 
measured by the enclosure technique.
    (c) All emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a 
new motor vehicle shall be functioning during all procedures in this 
subpart except:
    (1) In cases of component malfunction or failure; and
    (2) during certain specified fuel drain and fill operations, at 
which times the refueling emission control canister is disconnected. 
Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall

[[Page 525]]

be authorized in accordance with Sec. 86.098-25.
    (d) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles only. Refueling test 
procedures for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks operated on 
liquefied petroleum gas are described in Sec. 86.157.

[59 FR 16296, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 48511, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.151-98  General requirements; refueling test.

    (a) The refueling emissions procedure, shown in Figure B98-12, 
starts with the stabilizing of the vehicle and the loading of the 
refueling emissions canister(s) to breakthrough, and continues with the 
vehicle drive for purging of the canister, followed by the refueling 
emissions measurement. The test is conducted following Secs. 86.152-98 
through 86.154-98 in order.
    (b) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle 
throughout the test sequence shall not be less than 68  deg.F (20 
deg.C) nor more than 86  deg.F (30  deg.C).
    (c) The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of 
the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.

[[Page 526]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.166


[59 FR 16296, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.152-98  Vehicle preparation; refueling test.

    (a) Provide additional fittings and adapters, as required, to 
accommodate a fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as 
installed on the vehicle. The canister shall not be removed from the 
vehicle, unless access to the canister in its normal location is so 
restricted that purging and loading can only reasonably be accomplished 
by removing the canister from the vehicle. Special care shall be taken 
during this step to avoid damage to the components and the integrity of 
the fuel system. A replacement canister may be temporarily installed 
during the soak period while the canister from the test vehicle is 
preconditioned.
    (b) Provide valving or other means to allow the venting of the 
refueling vapor line to the atmosphere rather than to the refueling 
emissions canister(s) when required by this test procedure.

[[Page 527]]

    (c) For preconditioning that involves loading the vapor collection 
canister(s) with butane, provide valving or other means as necessary to 
allow loading of the canister(s).

[59 FR 16298, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.153-98  Vehicle and canister preconditioning; refueling test.

    (a) Vehicle and canister preconditioning. Vehicles and vapor storage 
canisters shall be preconditioned in accordance with the preconditioning 
procedures for the supplemental two-diurnal evaporative emissions test 
specified in Sec. 86.132-96 (a) through (j). For vehicles equipped with 
non-integrated refueling emission control systems, the canister must be 
loaded using the method involving butane loading to breakthrough (see 
Sec. 86.132-96(j)(1)).
    (b) Seal test. The Administrator may choose to omit certain canister 
load and purge steps, and replace them with a bench purge of the 
refueling canister(s), in order to verify the adequacy of refueling 
emission control system seals. Failure of this seal test shall 
constitute a failure of the refueling emission control test. For 
integrated systems, this bench purge may be performed after the exhaust 
testing in order to obtain exhaust emission test results. Non-integrated 
system seal testing shall be performed using paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section.
    (1) Without the exhaust emission test. The Administrator may conduct 
the canister preconditioning by purging the canister(s) with at least 
1200 canister bed volumes of ambient air (with humidity controlled to 
5025 grains of water vapor per pound of dry air) maintained 
at a nominal flow rate of 0.8 cfm directly following the preconditioning 
drive described in Sec. 86.132-96 (c) through (e). In this case, the 
canister loading procedures and the vehicle driving procedures described 
in Sec. 86.132-96 (f) through (j) and in paragraphs (c) through (d) of 
this section shall be omitted, and the 10 minute and 60 minute time 
requirements of paragraph (e) of this section shall apply to time after 
completion of the bench purge. In the case of multiple refueling 
canisters, each canister shall be purged separately.
    (2) With the exhaust emission test. The Administrator may conduct 
the canister preconditioning by purging the canister(s) directly after 
the exhaust test (see paragraph (c)(1) of this section). The canister 
shall be purged with at least 1200 canister bed volumes of ambient air 
(with humidity controlled to 5025 grains of water vapor per 
pound of dry air) maintained at a nominal flow rate of 0.8 cfm. In this 
case, the vehicle driving procedures described in paragraphs (c)(2) 
through (d) of this section shall be omitted, and the 10 minute and 60 
minute time requirements of paragraph (e) of this section shall apply to 
time after completion of the bench purge. In the case of multiple 
refueling canisters, each canister shall be purged separately.
    (c) Canister purging; integrated systems. (1) Vehicles to be tested 
for exhaust emissions only shall be processed according to Secs. 86.135-
94 through 86.137-96. Vehicles to be tested for refueling emissions 
shall be processed in accordance with the procedures in Secs. 86.135-94 
through 86.137-96, followed by the procedures outlined in paragraph 
(c)(2) of this section.
    (2) To provide additional opportunity for canister purge, conduct 
additional driving on a dynamometer, within one hour of completion of 
the hot start exhaust test, by operating the test vehicle through one 
UDDS, a 2 minute idle, two NYCCs, another 2 minute idle, another UDDS, 
then another 2 minute idle (see Sec. 86.115-78 and appendix I of this 
part). Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission 
in gear. Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial 
vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule. The transmission shall be 
operated according to the specifications of Sec. 86.128-79 during the 
driving cycles. The vehicle's air conditioner (if so equipped) shall be 
turned off. Ambient temperature shall be controlled as specified in 
Sec. 86.151-98. It is not necessary to monitor and/or control in-tank 
fuel temperatures.
    (i) The fixed-speed fan specified in Sec. 86.135-94(b) may be used 
for engine cooling. If a fixed-speed fan is used, the vehicle's hood 
shall be opened.
    (ii) Alternatively, the roadspeed-modulated fan specified in 
Sec. 86.107-96(d)(1) may be used for engine cooling.

[[Page 528]]

If a road-speed modulated fan is used, the vehicle's hood shall be 
closed.
    (d) Canister purging; non-integrated systems. Within one hour of 
completion of canister loading to breakthrough, the fuel tank(s) shall 
be further filled to 95 percent of nominal tank capacity determined to 
the nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter) with the fuel 
specified in Sec. 86.113-94. During this fueling operation, the 
refueling emissions canister(s) shall be disconnected. Following 
completion of refueling, the refueling emissions canister(s) shall be 
reconnected. Special care shall be taken during this step to avoid 
damage to the components and the integrity of the fuel system. Vehicle 
driving to purge the refueling canister(s) shall be performed using 
either the chassis dynamometer procedure or the test track procedure, as 
described in paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section. The 
Administrator may choose to shorten the vehicle driving for a partial 
refueling test as described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section. For 
vehicles equipped with dual fuel tanks, the required volume of fuel 
shall be driven out of one tank, the second tank shall be selected as 
the fuel source, and the required volume of fuel shall be driven out of 
the second tank.
    (1) Chassis dynamometer procedure. (i) Vehicle driving on a chassis 
dynamometer shall consist of repeated drives with the UDDS until 85 
percent of fuel tank capacity has been consumed. Driving in testing 
performed by manufacturers may be terminated before 85 percent of the 
fuel tank capacity has been consumed, provided that driving is not 
terminated partway through a UDDS cycle. Driving in testing performed by 
the Administrator may be terminated after the same number of UDDS cycles 
as driven in the manufacturer's certification testing.
    (ii) Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, the 
number of UDDSs required to consume 85 percent of tank fuel capacity 
(total capacity of both tanks when the vehicle is equipped with dual 
fuel tanks) shall be determined from the fuel economy on the UDDS 
applicable to the test vehicle and from the number of gallons to the 
nearest 0.1 gallon (0.38 liter) that constitutes 85 percent of tank 
volume. If this ``fuel consumed point'' occurs partway through a UDDS 
cycle, the cycle shall be completed in its entirety.
    (iii) For vehicles equipped with dual fuel tanks, fuel switching 
from the first tank to the second tank shall occur at the 10 percent 
volume of the first tank regardless of the point in the UDDS cycle at 
which this occurs.
    (iv) If necessary to accommodate work schedules, the engine may be 
turned off and the vehicle parked on the dynamometer. The vehicle may be 
parked off of the dynamometer to facilitate maintenance or repairs if 
required.
    (v) During the driving on the dynamometer, a cooling fan(s) shall be 
positioned as described in Sec. 86.135-94(b).
    (2) Test track procedure. (i) Vehicle driving on a test track shall 
consist of repeated drives with the UDDS until 85 percent of fuel tank 
capacity has been consumed. Driving performed by manufacturers may be 
terminated before 85 percent of the fuel tank capacity has been 
consumed, provided that driving is not terminated partway through a UDDS 
cycle. Driving performed by the Administrator may be terminated after 
the same number of UDDS cycles as driven in the manufacturer's 
certification testing.
    (ii) If the distance from the emission laboratory to the test track 
is less than 5 miles (8.05 km) the vehicle may be driven to the test 
track at a speed not to exceed 25 mph. If the distance is greater than 5 
miles (8.05 km) the vehicle shall be moved to the test track with the 
engine off.
    (iii) Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, the 
number of UDDSs required to consume 85 percent of tank fuel capacity 
(total capacity of both tanks when the vehicle is equipped with dual 
fuel tanks) shall be determined from the fuel economy on the UDDS 
applicable to the test vehicle and from the number of gallons to the 
nearest 0.1 gallon (0.38 liter) that constitutes 85 percent of tank 
volume. If this ``fuel consumed point'' occurs partway through a UDDS 
cycle, the cycle shall be completed in its entirety.
    (iv) The vehicle shall be driven at a speed not to exceed 25 mph 
from the

[[Page 529]]

test track to the laboratory provided the distance from the test track 
to the laboratory does not exceed 5 miles (8.05 km). If the distance 
from the test track to the emission laboratory is greater than 5 miles 
(8.05 km) the vehicle shall be moved from the test track with the engine 
off.
    (v) For vehicles equipped with dual fuel tanks, fuel switching from 
the first tank to the second tank shall occur at the 10 percent volume 
of the first tank regardless of the point in the UDDS cycle at which 
this occurs.
    (vi) If necessary to accommodate work schedules, the engine may be 
turned off and the vehicle parked on the test track. The vehicle may be 
parked off of the test track to facilitate maintenance or repairs if 
required. If the vehicle is moved from the test track, it shall be 
returned to the track with the engine off when mileage accumulation is 
to be resumed.
    (3) Drive schedule for partial refueling test. The Administrator may 
conduct a partial refueling test involving a shortening of the drive 
procedures described in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this section and a 
modified soak and refueling procedure as described in paragraph (e) of 
this section and Sec. 86.154-98(e)(7)(i). The drive shall be performed 
as described in paragraph (d) (1) or (2) of this section except that the 
drive shall be terminated when at least 10 percent but no more than 85 
percent of the fuel tank nominal capacity has been consumed and not 
partway through a UDDS cycle. The amount of fuel consumed in the drive 
shall be determined by multiplying the number of UDDSs driven by the 
mileage accumulated per UDDS and dividing by the fuel economy for the 
UDDS applicable to the test vehicle.
    (e) Vehicle cool down--(1) Partial refueling test. If the 
Administrator is conducting the non-integrated system partial refueling 
test, after the driving procedure specified in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section, the vehicle shall be parked (without starting the engine) and 
soaked at 803  deg.F (271.7  deg.C) for a 
minimum of 1 hour and a maximum of 6 hours.
    (2) For all other refueling emission tests. Within 10 minutes of 
completion of refueling emissions canister stabilization (see paragraph 
(c) or (d) of this section), the refueling emissions canister(s) shall 
be disconnected. Within 60 minutes of completion of refueling emissions 
canister stabilization (see paragraph (c) or (d) of this section), the 
vehicle fuel tank(s) shall be drained, the fuel tank(s) fueled to 10 
percent of nominal tank capacity determined to the nearest one-tenth of 
a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter) with the specified fuel, and the vehicle 
parked (without starting the engine) and soaked at 803 
deg.F (271.7  deg.C) for a minimum of 6 hours and a maximum 
of 24 hours.

[59 FR 16298, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.154-98  Measurement procedure; refueling test.

    (a) The refueling test measurement procedure described in this 
section immediately follows the vehicle and canister preconditioning 
described in Sec. 86.153-98.
    (b) The refueling emission enclosure shall be purged for several 
minutes immediately prior to the test. Warning: If at any time the 
concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and 
hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C, the enclosure should be immediately 
purged. This concentration provides a 4:1 safety factor against the lean 
flammability limit.
    (c)(1) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer, and additional 
analyzer, if needed, shall be zeroed and spanned immediately prior to 
the test.
    (2) For methanol-fueled vehicles only, impingers charged with known 
volumes of pure deionized water shall be placed in the methanol sampling 
system.
    (d) If not already on, the enclosure mixing fan and the spilled fuel 
mixing blower shall be turned on at this time.
    (e) The refueling emission measurement portion of the refueling test 
shall be performed as follows:
    (1) The line from the fuel tank(s) to the refueling emissions 
canister(s) shall be connected.
    (2) The test vehicle, with the engine shut off, shall be moved into 
the enclosure. The test vehicle windows and luggage compartment shall be 
opened if not already open.

[[Page 530]]

    (3) An electrical ground shall be attached to the vehicle. The 
vehicle fuel filler cap shall be removed and the enclosure door shall be 
closed and sealed within two minutes of cap removal. The FID (or HFID) 
trace shall be allowed to stabilize.
    (4) The dispensed fuel temperature recording system shall be 
started.
    (5)(i) Within 10 minutes of closing and sealing the doors, analyze 
enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This is the initial 
(time=0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, CHCi, required in 
Sec. 86.143-96.
    (ii) For methanol-fueled vehicles only, measure the initial 
concentration of methanol as described in Sec. 86.133-96(i)(6).
    (6) Within one minute of obtaining the initial FID (or HFID) 
reading, and methanol reading if applicable, the fuel nozzle shall be 
inserted into the filler neck of the test vehicle, to its maximum 
penetration, and the refueling operation shall be started. The plane of 
the nozzle's handle shall be approximately perpendicular to the floor of 
the laboratory. The fuel shall be dispensed at a temperature of 
671.5  deg.F (19.40.8  deg.C) and at a 
dispensing rate of 9.80.3 gal/min (37.11.1 
liter/min). In testing conducted by the Administrator, a lower 
dispensing rate (no lower than 4.0 gal/min (15.1 liter/min)) may be 
used.
    (7)(i) Partial refueling test. If the Administrator conducts the 
non-integrated system partial refueling test, the fuel flow shall 
continue until the amount of fuel pumped is equal to the fuel consumed 
during the driving, as determined in accordance with Sec. 86.153-
98(d)(3). The final volume of fuel dispensed must be within one-tenth of 
a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter) of the targeted amount. If automatic nozzle 
shut-off occurs prior to this point, the nozzle shall be reactivated 
within 15 seconds and fuel dispensing continued as needed. A minimum of 
3 seconds shall elapse between any automatic shutoff and subsequent 
resumption of dispensing.
    (ii) For all other refueling tests. The fuel flow shall continue 
until the refueling nozzle automatic shut-off is activated. The amount 
of fuel dispensed must be at least 85 percent of nominal fuel tank 
volume, determined to the nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 
liter). If automatic nozzle shut-off occurs prior to this point, the 
nozzle shall be reactivated within 15 seconds and fuel dispensing 
continued as needed. A minimum of 3 seconds shall elapse between any 
automatic shutoff and subsequent resumption of dispensing. Dispensing 
may not be manually terminated, unless the test vehicle has already 
clearly failed the test.
    (8)(i) The final reading of the evaporative enclosure FID analyzer 
shall be taken 605 seconds following the final shut-off of 
fuel flow. This is the final hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf, 
required in Sec. 86.143-96. The elapsed time, in minutes, between the 
initial and final FID (or HFID) readings shall be recorded.
    (ii) For methanol-fueled vehicles only. Measure the final 
concentration of methanol as described in Sec. 86.133-96(m)(2).
    (9) For vehicles equipped with more than one fuel tank, the 
procedures described in this section shall be performed for each fuel 
tank.

[59 FR 16299, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.155-98  Records required; refueling test.

    The following information shall be recorded with respect to each 
test:
    (a) Test number.
    (b) System or device tested (brief description).
    (c) Date and time of day.
    (d) Instrument operated.
    (e) Operator.
    (f) Vehicle: ID number, manufacturer, model year, engine family, 
evaporative/refueling emission family, refueling emission control 
system, refueling emissions canister continuous drive purge miles and 
number of UDDSs driven for non-integrated systems, fuel system 
(including fuel tank(s) capacity and location), basic engine description 
(including displacement, number of cylinders, turbocharger (if used), 
and catalyst usage), engine code, and odometer reading.
    (g) All pertinent instrument information including nozzle and fuel 
delivery system description. As an alternative,

[[Page 531]]

a reference to a vehicle test cell number may be used, with advance 
approval of the Administrator, provided test cell calibration records 
show the pertinent instrument information.
    (h) Recorder charts: Identify zero, span, and enclosure gas sample 
traces.
    (i) Enclosure barometric pressure and ambient temperature: a central 
laboratory barometer may be used, provided that individual test cell 
barometric pressures are shown to be within 0.1 percent of 
the barometric pressure at the central barometer location.
    (j) Temperatures: Soak area; dispensed fuel, initial and final.
    (k) Fuel dispensing rate(s).
    (l) Dispensed fuel volume.
    (m) For methanol-fueled vehicles:
    (1) Volume of sample passed through the methanol sampling system and 
the volume of deionized water in each impinger.
    (2) The methanol concentration in the reference sample and the peak 
area from the GC analysis of the reference sample.
    (3) The peak area of the GC analyses of the test samples (methanol).
    (n) All additional information necessary for the calculations 
specified in Sec. 86.156-98.

[59 FR 16300, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.156-98  Calculations; refueling test.

    (a) The calculation of the net hydrocarbon mass change and methanol 
mass change (if applicable) in the enclosure is used to determine 
refueling mass emissions. The mass is calculated from initial and final 
hydrocarbon and methanol (if applicable) concentrations in ppm carbon, 
initial and final enclosure ambient temperatures, initial and final 
barometric pressures, and net enclosure volume using the equations of 
Sec. 86.143-96. For vehicles with multiple tanks, the results for each 
tank shall be calculated and then summed to determine overall refueling 
emissions.
    (b) The final results for comparison with the refueling control 
emission standard shall be computed by dividing the total refueling mass 
emissions by the total gallons of fuel dispensed in the refueling test 
(see Sec. 86.154-98(e)(7)(ii)).
    (c) The results of all emission tests shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in 
Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii)) to the number of decimal places 
contained in the applicable emission standard expressed to one 
additional significant figure.

[59 FR 16300, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.157-98  Refueling test procedures for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles.

    (a) Equipment. (1) The sampling and analytical system shall meet the 
specifications in Sec. 86.107-98(a) through (i).
    (2) The refueling equipment nozzle specifications shall meet the 
requirements described in Sec. 80.32.
    (b) General requirements. (1) The refueling test procedure for 
light-duty liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles and trucks starts 
with the preconditioning of the vehicle followed by a refueling 
emissions measurement. The test is conducted by following paragraphs (c) 
through (f) of this section in order.
    (2) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle 
throughout the test sequence shall not be less than 68  deg.F (20 
deg.C) nor more than 86  deg.F (30  deg.C).
    (3) The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of 
the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.
    (c) Vehicle preconditioning. (1) The vehicle fuel tanks are to be 
filled with fuel that meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. Fuel 
tanks shall be filled to 10 percent of nominal fuel tank capacity, 
determined to the nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter).
    (2) The vehicle shall be parked (without starting the engine) within 
the temperature range specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section for 
a minimum of one hour and a maximum of six hours.
    (d) Measurement procedure. (1) The steps prior to the actual 
refueling event described in Sec. 86.154-98(b) through (e)(5) shall be 
performed.
    (2) Within one minute of obtaining the initial FID (or HFID) 
reading, the dispensed fuel nozzle shall be attached to the vehicle fuel 
receptacle, and the refueling operation shall be started. If the vehicle 
is equipped with a fixed liquid level gauge or other gauge or valve

[[Page 532]]

which could be opened to release fuel or fuel vapor during refueling, 
and has not received an exemption as outlined in Secs. 86.098-28(h), 
86.001-28(h) or 86.004-28(h), the fixed level gauge or other gauges or 
valves shall be opened after the dispensing nozzle is attached, but 
prior to the start of the refueling operation. The dispensed fuel must 
be at a temperature stabilized to approximately the same temperature as 
the vehicle was in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. The dispensing rate 
must be typical of in-use dispensing rates for liquefied petroleum gas 
into light-duty vehicles and trucks.
    (3) The fuel flow shall continue until the amount of fuel dispensed 
is at least 85 percent of nominal fuel tank capacity, determined to the 
nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter).
    (4) Following the fuel shut-off the fixed liquid level gauge or 
other gauges or valves, if open, shall be closed and the nozzle 
disconnected.
    (5) The final reading of the evaporative enclosure FID (or HFID) 
analyzer shall be taken 60 5 seconds following the 
disconnect of the refueling nozzle. This is the final hydrocarbon 
concentration, CHCf, required in Sec. 86.143. The elapsed 
time, in minutes, between the initial and final FID (or HFID) readings 
shall be recorded.
    (6) For vehicles equipped with more than one fuel tank, the 
procedures described in this section shall be performed for each fuel 
tank.
    (e) Records required. (1) Test: test number, system or device tested 
(brief description), date and time of day, instrument operated, 
operator, enclosure barometric pressure and temperature, recorder charts 
(identify zero, span, and enclosure gas traces), fuel dispensing rate(s) 
and dispensed fuel volume.
    (2) Vehicle: ID number, manufacturer, model year, engine family, 
evaporative/refueling emission family, fuel tank(s) capacity, basic fuel 
system description and odometer reading.
    (3) All pertinent instrument information including nozzle and fuel 
delivery system description. As an alternative, a reference to a vehicle 
test cell number may be used, with advance approval of the 
Administrator, provided test cell calibration records show the pertinent 
instrument information.
    (4) All additional information necessary for the calculations 
specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (f) Calculations. (1) The calculation of the net hydrocarbon mass 
change in the enclosure is used to determine refueling mass emissions. 
The mass is calculated from initial and final hydrocarbon concentrations 
in ppm carbon, initial and final enclosure ambient temperatures, initial 
and final barometric pressures and net volume using the equations of 
Sec. 86.143. For vehicles with multiple tanks, the results for each tank 
shall be calculated and then summed to determine overall refueling 
emissions.
    (2) The final results for comparison with the refueling control 
emission standard shall be computed by dividing the total refueling mass 
emissions by the total gallons of fuel dispensed in the refueling test 
(see paragraph (d)(3) of this section).
    (3) The results of all emission tests shall be rounded, in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67 to the number of decimal places contained 
in the applicable emission standard expressed to one additional 
significant figure. This procedure has been incorporated by reference 
(see Sec. 86.1).

[59 FR 48511, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.158-00  Supplemental Federal Test Procedures; overview.

    The procedures described in Secs. 86.158-00, 86.159-00, 86.160-00, 
and 86.166-00 discuss the aggressive driving (US06) and air conditioning 
(SC03) elements of the Supplemental Federal Test Procedures (SFTP). 
These test procedures consist of two separable test elements: A sequence 
of vehicle operation that tests exhaust emissions with a driving 
schedule (US06) that tests exhaust emissions under high speeds and 
accelerations (aggressive driving); and a sequence of vehicle operation 
that tests exhaust emissions with a driving schedule (SC03) which 
includes the impacts of actual air conditioning operation. These test 
procedures (and the associated standards set forth in subpart A of this 
part) are applicable to light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

[[Page 533]]

    (a) Vehicles are tested for the exhaust emissions of THC, CO, 
NOX, CH4, and CO2. For diesel-cycle 
vehicles, THC is sampled and analyzed continuously according to the 
provisions of Sec. 86.110.
    (b) Each test procedure follows the vehicle preconditioning 
specified in Sec. 86.132-00.
    (c) US06 Test Cycle. The test procedure for emissions on the US06 
driving schedule (see Sec. 86.159-00) is designed to determine gaseous 
exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks while 
simulating high speed and acceleration on a chassis dynamometer 
(aggressive driving). The full test consists of preconditioning the 
engine to a hot stabilized condition, as specified in Sec. 86.132-00, 
and an engine idle period of 1 to 2 minutes, after which the vehicle is 
accelerated into the US06 cycle. A proportional part of the diluted 
exhaust is collected continuously for subsequent analysis, using a 
constant volume (variable dilution) sampler or critical flow venturi 
sampler.
    (d) SC03 Test Cycle. The test procedure for determining exhaust 
emissions with the air conditioner operating (see Sec. 86.160-00) is 
designed to determine gaseous exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks while simulating an urban trip during ambient 
conditions of 95  deg.F, 100 grains of water/pound of dry air 
(approximately 40 percent relative humidity), and a solar heat load 
intensity of 850 W/m2. The full test consists of vehicle 
preconditioning (see Sec. 86.132-00 paragraphs (o) (1) and (2)), an 
engine key-off 10 minute soak, an engine start, and operation over the 
SC03 cycle. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust is collected 
continuously during the engine start and the SC03 driving cycle for 
subsequent analysis, using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler 
or critical flow venturi sampler.
    (e) The emission results from the aggressive driving test 
(Sec. 86.159-00), air conditioning test (Sec. 86.160-00), and a FTP test 
(Sec. 86.130-00 (a) through (d) and (f)) (conducted on a large single 
roll or equivalent dynamometer) are analyzed according to the 
calculation methodology in Sec. 86.164-00 and compared to the applicable 
SFTP emission standards in subpart A of this part (Secs. 86.108-00 and 
86.109-00).
    (f) These test procedures may be run in any sequence that maintains 
the applicable preconditioning elements specified in Sec. 86.132-00.

[61 FR 54894, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.159-00  Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

    (a) Overview. The dynamometer operation consists of a single, 600 
second test on the US06 driving schedule, as described in appendix I, 
paragraph (g), of this part. The vehicle is preconditioned in accordance 
with Sec. 86.132-00, to bring it to a warmed-up stabilized condition. 
This preconditioning is followed by a 1 to 2 minute idle period that 
proceeds directly into the US06 driving schedule during which continuous 
proportional samples of gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. If 
engine stalling should occur during cycle operation, follow the 
provisions of Sec. 86.136-90 (engine starting and restarting). For 
gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, the composite samples collected in 
bags are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and 
NOX. For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is 
sampled and analyzed continuously according to the provisions of 
Sec. 86.110. Parallel bag samples of dilution air are analyzed for THC, 
CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX.
    (b) Dynamometer activities. (1) All official US06 tests shall be run 
on a large single roll electric dynamometer, or an approved equivalent 
dynamometer configuration, that satisfies the requirements of 
Sec. 86.108-00.
    (2) Position (vehicle can be driven) the test vehicle on the 
dynamometer and restrain.
    (3) Required US06 schedule test dynamometer inertia weight class 
selections are determined by the test vehicles test weight basis and 
corresponding equivalent weight as listed in the tabular information of 
Sec. 86.129-94(a) and discussed in Sec. 86.129-00 (e) and (f).
    (4) Set the dynamometer test inertia weight and roadload horsepower 
requirements for the test vehicle (see Sec. 86.129-00 (e) and (f). The 
dynamometer's horsepower adjustment settings shall be set to match the 
force

[[Page 534]]

imposed during dynamometer operation with actual road load force at all 
speeds.
    (5) The vehicle speed as measured from the dynamometer rolls shall 
be used. A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test 
validity, shall be supplied on request of the Administrator.
    (6) The drive wheel tires may be inflated up to a gauge pressure of 
45 psi (310 kPa), or the manufacturer's recommended pressure if higher 
than 45 psi, in order to prevent tire damage. The drive wheel tire 
pressure shall be reported with the test results.
    (7) The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of 
dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be determined for the test.
    (8) Four-wheel drive vehicles will be tested in a two-wheel drive 
mode of operation. Full-time four-wheel drive vehicles will have one set 
of drive wheels temporarily disengaged by the vehicle manufacturer. 
Four-wheel drive vehicles which can be manually shifted to a two-wheel 
mode will be tested in the normal on-highway two-wheel drive mode of 
operation.
    (9) During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan with a 
maximum discharge velocity of 15,000 cfm will be positioned so as to 
direct cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate manner with the 
engine compartment cover open. In the case of vehicles with front engine 
compartments, the fan shall be positioned within 24 inches (61 
centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear engine 
compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the 
cooling fan(s) shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air 
to maintain vehicle cooling. The Administrator may approve modified 
cooling configurations or additional cooling if necessary to 
satisfactorily perform the test. In approving requests for additional or 
modified cooling, the Administrator will consider such items as actual 
road cooling data and whether such additional cooling is needed to 
provide a representative test.
    (c) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to virtually 
eliminate water condensation in the system.
    (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be 
performed at test point, provided an emission sample is not taken, for 
the purpose of finding the appropriate throttle action to maintain the 
proper speed-time relationship, or to permit sampling system adjustment.
    (e) Perform the test bench sampling sequence outlined in 
Sec. 86.140-94 prior to or in conjunction with each series of exhaust 
emission measurements.
    (f) Test activities. (1) The US06 consists of a single test which is 
directly preceded by a vehicle preconditioning in accordance with 
Sec. 86.132-00. Following the vehicle preconditioning, the vehicle is 
idled for not less than one minute and not more than two minutes. The 
equivalent dynamometer mileage of the test is 8.0 miles (1.29 km).
    (2) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (i) Immediately after completion of the preconditioning, idle the 
vehicle. The idle period is not to be less than one minute or not 
greater than two minutes.
    (ii) With the sample selector valves in the ``standby'' position, 
connect evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute exhaust and 
dilution air sample collection systems.
    (iii) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps, the 
temperature recorder, the vehicle cooling fan, and the heated THC 
analysis recorder (diesel-cycle only). The heat exchanger of the 
constant volume sampler, if used, petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle THC 
analyzer continuous sample line should be preheated to their respective 
operating temperatures before the test begins.
    (iv) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (A) For gaseous bag samples (except THC samples), the minimum flow 
rate is 0.17 cfm (0.08 liters/sec).
    (B) For THC samples, the minimum FID (or HFID in the case of diesel-
cycle vehicles) flow rate is 0.066 cfm (0.031 liters/sec).
    (C) CFV sample flow rate is fixed by the venturi design.
    (v) Attach the exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s).

[[Page 535]]

    (vi) Start the gas flow measuring device, position the sample 
selector valves to direct the sample flow into the exhaust sample bag, 
the dilution air sample bag, turn on the petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle 
THC analyzer system integrator, mark the recorder chart, and record both 
gas meter or flow measurement instrument readings, (if applicable).
    (vii) Place vehicle in gear after starting the gas flow measuring 
device, but prior to the first acceleration. Begin the first 
acceleration 5 seconds after starting the measuring device.
    (viii) Operate the vehicle according to the US06 driving schedule, 
as described in appendix I, paragraph (g), of this part. Manual 
transmission vehicles shall be shifted according to the manufacturer 
recommended shift schedule, subject to review and approval by the 
Administrator. For further guidance on transmissions see Sec. 86.128-00.
    (ix) Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last 
deceleration.
    (x) Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously turn 
off gas flow measuring device No. 1 (and the petroleum-fueled diesel 
hydrocarbon integrator No. 1 and mark the petroleum-fueled diesel 
hydrocarbon recorder chart if applicable) and position the sample 
selector valves to the ``standby'' position. Record the measured roll or 
shaft revolutions and the No. 1 gas meter reading or flow measurement 
instrument.
    (xi) As soon as possible, transfer the exhaust and dilution air bag 
samples to the analytical system and process the samples according to 
Sec. 86.140-94 obtaining a stabilized reading of the bag exhaust sample 
on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection 
phase of the test.
    (xii) Immediately after the end of the sample period, turn off the 
cooling fan, close the engine compartment cover, disconnect the exhaust 
tube from the vehicle tailpipe(s), and drive the vehicle from 
dynamometer.
    (xiii) The CVS or CFV may be turned off, if desired.

[61 FR 54894, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.160-00  Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions.

    (a) Overview. The dynamometer operation consists of a single, 594 
second test on the SCO3 driving schedule, as described in appendix I, 
paragraph (h), of this part. The vehicle is preconditioned, in 
accordance with Sec. 86.132-00 of this subpart, to bring the vehicle to 
a warmed-up stabilized condition. This preconditioning is followed by a 
10 minute vehicle soak (engine off) that proceeds directly into the SC03 
driving schedule, during which continuous proportional samples of 
gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. The entire test, including 
the preconditioning driving, vehicle soak, and SC03 official test cycle, 
is either conducted in an environmental test facility or under test 
conditions that simulates testing in an environmental test cell (see 
Sec. 86.162-00 (a) for a discussion of simulation procedure approvals). 
The environmental test facility must be capable of providing the 
following nominal ambient test conditions of: 95  deg.F air temperature, 
100 grains of water/pound of dry air (approximately 40 percent relative 
humidity), a solar heat load intensity of 850 W/m2, and 
vehicle cooling air flow proportional to vehicle speed. Section 86.161-
00 discusses the minimum facility requirements and corresponding control 
tolerances for air conditioning ambient test conditions. The vehicle's 
air conditioner is operated or appropriately simulated for the duration 
of the test procedure (except for the vehicle 10 minute soak), including 
the preconditioning. For gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, the 
composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for THC, CO, 
CO2, CH4, and NOX. For petroleum-fueled 
diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is sampled and analyzed continuously 
according to the provisions of Sec. 86.110. Parallel bag samples of 
dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, 
and NOX.
    (b) Dynamometer activities. (1) All official air conditioning tests 
shall be run on a large single roll electric dynamometer or an 
equivalent dynamometer configuration that satisfies the requirements of 
Sec. 86.108-00.
    (2) Position (vehicle can be driven) the test vehicle on the 
dynamometer and restrain.

[[Page 536]]

    (3) Required SC03 schedule test dynamometer inertia weight class 
selections are determined by the test vehicles test weight basis and 
corresponding equivalent weight as listed in the tabular information of 
Sec. 86.129-00(a) and discussed in Sec. 86.129-00 (e) and (f).
    (4) Set the dynamometer test inertia weight and roadload horsepower 
requirements for the test vehicle (see Sec. 86.129-00 (e) and (f)). The 
dynamometer's horsepower adjustment settings shall be set such that the 
force imposed during dynamometer operation matches actual road load 
force at all speeds.
    (5) The vehicle speed as measured from the dynamometer rolls shall 
be used. A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test 
validity, shall be supplied at request of the Administrator.
    (6) The drive wheel tires may be inflated up to a gauge pressure of 
45 psi (310 kPa), or the manufacturer's recommended pressure if higher 
than 45 psi, in order to prevent tire damage. The drive wheel tire 
pressure shall be reported with the test results.
    (7) The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of 
dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be determined for the test.
    (8) Four-wheel drive vehicles will be tested in a two-wheel drive 
mode of operation. Full-time four-wheel drive vehicles will have one set 
of drive wheels temporarily disengaged by the vehicle manufacturer. 
Four-wheel drive vehicles which can be manually shifted to a two-wheel 
mode will be tested in the normal on-highway two-wheel drive mode of 
operation.
    (c) Vehicle and test activities for testing in a full environmental 
cell. The SFTP air conditioning test in an environmental test cell is 
composed of the following sequence of activities. Alternative procedures 
which appropriately simulate full environmental cell testing may be 
approved under the provisions of Secs. 86.162-00(a) and 86.163-00.
    (1) Drain and fill the vehicle's fuel tank to 40 percent capacity 
with test fuel. If a vehicle has gone through the drain and fuel 
sequence less than 72 hours previously and has remained under laboratory 
ambient temperature conditions, this drain and fill operation can be 
omitted (see Sec. 86.132-00(c)(2)(ii)).
    (2)(i) Position the variable speed cooling fan in front of the test 
vehicle with the vehicle's hood down. This air flow should provide 
representative cooling at the front of the test vehicle (air 
conditioning condenser and engine) during the SC03 driving schedule. See 
Sec. 86.161-00(e) for a discussion of cooling fan specifications.
    (ii) In the case of vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if 
this front location provides inadequate engine cooling), an additional 
cooling fan shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to 
maintain vehicle cooling. The fan capacity shall normally not exceed 
5300 cfm (2.50 m3/s). If, however, it can be demonstrated 
that during road operation the vehicle receives additional cooling, and 
that such additional cooling is needed to provide a representative test, 
the fan capacity may be increased or additional fans used if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (3) Close all vehicle windows.
    (4) Connect the emission test sampling system to the vehicle's 
exhaust tail pipe(s).
    (5)(i) Set the environmental test cell ambient test conditions to 
the conditions defined in Sec. 86.161-00.
    (ii) Turn on the solar heating system.
    (iii) All vehicle test phases of preconditioning, soak, and the 
official SC03 test cycle are to be performed in this set of ambient test 
conditions.
    (6) Set the air conditioning system controls as follows:
    (i) A/C mode setting at Maximum.
    (ii) Airflow setting at Recirculate, if so equipped.
    (iii) Fan setting at Highest setting.
    (iv) A/C Temperature setting at full cool (for automatic systems set 
at 72  deg.F).
    (v) Air conditioning controls should be placed in the ``on'' 
position prior to vehicle starting so that the air conditioning system 
is active whenever the engine is running.
    (7) Start the vehicle (with air conditioning system on) and conduct 
a preconditioning cycle as discussed in Sec. 86.132-00(o)(1).
    (i) If engine stalling should occur during any air conditioning test 
cycle

[[Page 537]]

operation, follow the provisions of Sec. 86.136-90 (Engine starting and 
restarting).
    (ii) For manual transmission vehicles, the vehicle shall be shifted 
according the provisions of Sec. 86.128-00.
    (8) Following the preconditioning cycle, the test vehicle (and 
consequently the air conditioning system) and cooling fan(s) are turned 
off and the vehicle is allowed to soak in the ambient conditions of 
paragraph (c)(5) of this section for 10 # 1 minutes.
    (9) Start engine (with air conditioning system also running). 
Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place vehicle in gear.
    (10) Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial 
vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule.
    (11) Operate the vehicle according to the SC03 driving schedule, as 
described in appendix I, paragraph (h), of this part.
    (12) Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last 
deceleration.
    (d) Exhaust Emission Measurement Activities. The following 
activities are performed, when applicable, in order to meet the timing 
of the vehicle test and environmental facility activities.
    (1) Perform the test bench sampling calibration sequence outlined in 
Sec. 86.140-94 prior to or in conjunction with each series of exhaust 
emission measurements.
    (2) With the sample selector valves in the ``standby'' position, 
connect evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute exhaust and 
dilution air sample collection systems.
    (3) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps, the 
temperature recorder, the vehicle cooling fan, and the heated THC 
analysis recorder (diesel-cycle only). The heat exchanger of the 
constant volume sampler, if used, petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle THC 
analyzer continuous sample line should be preheated to their respective 
operating temperatures before the test begins.
    (4) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (i) For gaseous bag samples (except THC samples), the minimum flow 
rate is 0.17 cfm (0.08 liters/sec).
    (ii) For THC samples, the minimum FID (or HFID in the case of 
diesel-cycle vehicles) flow rate is 0.066 cfm (0.031 1/sec).
    (iii) CFV sample flow rate is fixed by the venturi design.
    (5) Attach the exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s).
    (6) Start the gas flow measuring device, position the sample 
selector valves to direct the sample flow into the exhaust sample bag, 
the dilution air sample bag, turn on the petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle 
THC analyzer system integrator, mark the recorder chart, and record both 
gas meter or flow measurement instrument readings, if applicable.
    (7) Start the engine (with air conditioning system also running). 
Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place vehicle in gear.
    (8) Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial 
vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule.
    (9) Operate the vehicle according to the SC03 driving schedule.
    (10) Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last 
deceleration.
    (11) Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously 
turn off gas flow measuring device No. 1 (and the petroleum-fueled 
diesel hydrocarbon integrator No. 1 and mark the petroleum-fueled diesel 
hydrocarbon recorder chart if applicable) and position the sample 
selector valves to the ``standby'' position. Record the measured roll or 
shaft revolutions and the No. 1 gas meter reading or flow measurement 
instrument).
    (12) As soon as possible, transfer the exhaust and dilution air bag 
samples to the analytical system and process the samples according to 
Sec. 86.140 obtaining a stabilized reading of the bag exhaust sample on 
all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection 
phase of the test.
    (13) Immediately after the end of the sample period, turn off the 
cooling fan, close the engine compartment cover, disconnect the exhaust 
tube from the vehicle tailpipe(s), and drive the vehicle from 
dynamometer.
    (14) The CVS or CFV may be turned off, if desired.
    (e) NOX humidity correction. Calculated NOX 
exhaust emissions from air conditioning tests conducted in an 
environmental test cell at a nominal

[[Page 538]]

100 grains of water/pound of dry air are to be corrected for humidity to 
100 grains of water/pound of dry air (see the relationship of 
Sec. 86.164-00(d)).

[61 FR 54895, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.161-00   Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements.

    The goal of an air conditioning test facility is to simulate the 
impact of an ambient heat load on the power requirements of the 
vehicle's air conditioning compressor while operating on a specific 
driving cycle. The environmental facility control elements that are 
discussed are ambient air temperature and humidity, minimum test cell 
size, solar heating, and vehicle frontal air flow.
    (a) Ambient air temperature. (1) Ambient air temperature is 
controlled, within the test cell, during all phases of the air 
conditioning test sequence to 95  2  deg.F on average and 95 
 5eg;F as an instantaneous measurement.
    (2) Air temperature is recorded continuously at a minimum of 30 
second intervals. Records of cell air temperatures and values of average 
test temperatures are maintained by the manufacturer for all 
certification related programs.
    (b) Ambient humidity. (1) Ambient humidity is controlled, within the 
test cell, during all phases of the air conditioning test sequence to an 
average of 100  grains of water/pound of dry air.
    (2) Humidity is recorded continuously at a minimum of 30 second 
intervals. Records of cell humidity and values of average test humidity 
are maintained by the manufacturer for all certification related 
programs.
    (c) Minimum test cell size. (1) The recommended minimum 
environmental exhaust emission test cell size is width 20 feet, length 
40 feet, and height 10 feet.
    (2) Test cells with smaller size dimensions may be approved by the 
Administrator if it can be shown that all of the ambient test condition 
performance requirements are satisfied.
    (d) Solar heat loading. (1)(i) Acceptable types of radiant energy 
emitters that may be used for simulating solar heat load are:
    (A) Metal halide;
    (B) Quartz halogen with dichroic mirrors; and
    (C) Sodium iodide.
    (ii) The Administrator will approve other types of radiant energy 
emitters if the manufacturer can show they satisfy the requirements of 
this section.
    (2) The height of the minimal cell size will dictate the type of 
radiant energy source that will satisfy the spectral distribution and 
uniformity definitions of this section.
    (3) Radiant energy specifications. (i) Simulated solar radiant 
energy intensity is determined as an average of the two points measured 
at:
    (A) Centerline of the test vehicle at the base of the windshield.
    (B) Centerline of the vehicle at the base of the rear window (truck 
and van location defined as bottom of vertical window or where an 
optional window would be located).
    (ii) The radiant energy intensity set point is 850 45 
watts/square meter.
    (iii) The definition of an acceptable spectral distribution is 
contained in the following table:

                 Definition of the Spectral Distribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Percent of total
                                                        spectrum
            Band width (nanometers)            -------------------------
                                                Lower limit  Upper limit
                                                 (percent)    (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
320...........................................        0            0
 320-400......................................        0            7
400-780.......................................       45           55
>780..........................................       35           53
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Filter the UV region between 280 and 320 wave lengths.

    (iv) The angle of incidence of radiant energy is defined as 90 
degrees from the test cell floor.
    (v) The requirements for measuring the uniformity of radiant energy 
are:
    (A) The radiant energy uniformity tolerance is 15 
percent of the radiant energy intensity set point of 850 watts/square 
meter.
    (B) The uniformity of radiant energy intensity is measured at each 
point of a 0.5 meter grid over the entire footprint of the test vehicle 
at the elevation of one meter including the footprint edges.
    (C) Radiant energy uniformity must be checked at least every 500 
hours of emitter usage or every six months depending on which covers the 
shorter

[[Page 539]]

time period; and every time major changes in the solar simulation 
hardware occur.
    (vi) The radiant energy intensity measurement instrument 
specifications (minimum) are:
    (A) Sensitivity of 9 microvolts per watt/square meter;
    (B) Response time of 1 second;
    (C) Linearity of 0.5 percent; and
    (D) Cosine of 1 percent from normalization 0-70 degree 
zenith angle.
    (e) Vehicle frontal air flow. The Administrator will approve frontal 
air flow based on ``blower in box'' technology as an acceptable 
simulation of environmental air flow cooling for the air conditioning 
compressor and engine, provided the following requirements are 
satisfied.
    (1) The minimum air flow nozzle discharge area must be equal or 
exceed the vehicle frontal inlet area. Optimum discharge area is 18 
square feet (4.25 x 4.25), however, other sizes can be used.
    (2) Air flow volumes must be proportional to vehicle speed. With the 
above optimum discharge size, the fan volume would vary from 0 cubic 
feet/minute (cfm) at 0 mph to approximately 95,000 cfm at 60 mph. If 
this fan is also the only source of cell air circulation or if fan 
operational mechanics make the 0 mph air flow requirement impractical, 
air flow of 2 mph or less will be allowed at 0 mph vehicle speed.
    (3) The fan air flow velocity vector perpendicular to the axial flow 
velocity vector shall be less than 10 percent of the mean velocity 
measured at fan speeds corresponding to vehicle speeds of 20 and 40 mph.
    (4)(i) Fan axial air flow velocity is measured two feet from nozzle 
outlet at each point of a one foot grid over the entire discharge area.
    (ii) The uniformity of axial flow tolerance is 20 percent of the fan 
speeds corresponding to vehicle speeds of 20 and 40 mph.
    (5) The instrument used to verify the air velocity must have an 
accuracy of 2 percent of the measured air flow speed.
    (6) The fan discharge nozzle must be located 2 to 3 feet from the 
vehicle and 0 to 6 inches above the test cell floor during air 
conditioning testing. This applies to non-wind tunnel environmental test 
cells only.
    (7) The design specifications discussed in paragraphs (e)(1) through 
(e)(5) of this section must be verified by the manufacturer prior to 
conducting certification air conditioning tests.

[61 FR 54897, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.162-00  Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations and descriptions of AC1 and AC2.

    The alternative air conditioning test procedures AC1 and AC2 are 
approved by the Administrator for all light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks only for the model years of 2000, 2001, and 2002. To obtain 
Administrator approval of other simulation test procedures a 
manufacturer must satisfy the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 
section and meet the requirements of Sec. 86.163-00. Air conditioning 
tests AC1 and AC2 are simulations of the environmental test cell air 
conditioning test discussed in Sec. 86.160-00. AC1 simulates, in 
standard test cell ambient conditions and with the air conditioning off, 
the exhaust emission results of air conditioning operation in an 
environmental test cell by adding additional power requirements to 
roadload dynamometer requirements. AC2 simulates, in standard test cell 
ambient conditions and with the air conditioning controls in the heat 
position, the exhaust emission results of air conditioning operation in 
an environmental test cell by adding a heat load to the passenger 
compartment. The only differences between the test activities described 
in Sec. 86.160-00 and those for AC1 and AC2 occur as the result of how 
the effect of the environmental cell ambient test conditions, defined in 
Sec. 86.160-00(c)(5)(i), are simulated in a standard test cell nominal 
ambient conditions of 76  deg.F and 50 grains of water/pound of dry air. 
Paragraph (a) of this section discusses the procedure by which a 
manufacturer can obtain Administrator approval of other air conditioning 
test simulation procedures. Paragraph (b) of this section describes the 
AC1 test procedure and paragraph (c) of this section describes the AC2 
test procedure.

[[Page 540]]

    (a) Upon petition from a manufacturer or upon the Agency's own 
initiative, the Administrator will approve a simulation of the 
environmental cell for air conditioning test (SC03) described in 
Sec. 86.160-00 providing that the procedure can be run by the 
Administrator for SEA and in-use enforcement testing and providing that 
the criteria of paragraphs (a)(1)(2), and (3) of this section are 
satisfied.
    (1) In deciding whether approvals will be granted, the Administrator 
may consider data showing how well the simulation matches environmental 
cell test data for the range of vehicles to be covered by the simulation 
including items such as the tailpipe emissions, air conditioning 
compressor load, and fuel economy.
    (2) The Administrator has approved test procedures AC1 and AC2 for 
only the model years of 2000, 2001, and 2002.
    (3) Excluding the AC1 and AC2 procedures described in paragraphs (b) 
and (c) of this section for model years 2000, 2001, and 2002, for any 
simulation approved under paragraph (a) of this section, the 
manufacturer must agree to be subject to an ongoing yearly correlation 
spot check as described in Sec. 86.163-00.
    (4) Once a simulation is approved and used by a manufacturer for 
testing for a given vehicle, EPA agrees to use the simulation test 
procedure for all official testing conducted on that vehicle by the 
Agency for certification, SEA, and recall purposes, excluding spot check 
testing and vehicles which fail the spot check criteria as described in 
Sec. 86.163-00.
    (5) EPA will moniter the aggregate results of spot check testing and 
full environmental test cells. If EPA determines, based on such 
aggregate results, that any simulation (other than the AC1 and AC2 
procedures described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section for the 
2000, 2001, and 2002 model years) is producing test results consistantly 
below those from a full environmental test cell, EPA may review its 
approval of the simulation.
    (b) AC1 test procedure. (1) Section 86.160-00(a) is applicable to 
the AC1 test procedure except for the discussion of the environmental 
test requirements. The AC1 test procedure simulates the effect of air 
conditioning operation in the environmental cell test conditions by 
adding the measured horsepower of the air conditioning system 
compressor, converted to an equivalent roadload component, to the normal 
dynamometer roadload horsepower.
    (2) Section 86.160-00(b) is applicable to the AC1 test procedure 
except that the dynamometer horsepower settings procedure of 
Sec. 86.160-00(b)(4) is expanded to include a horsepower increase 
adjustment.
    (i) The following describes one acceptable method of obtaining the 
required compressor horsepower and the corresponding roadload equivalent 
horsepower adjustment. Air compressor horsepower is measured during a 
SC03 air conditioning test cycle while operating in an environmental 
test cell as described in Sec. 86.160-00.
    (A) Install an air conditioning (A/C) compressor with a strain-
gauged input shaft that measures shaft torque in foot pounds. Other 
measurement techniques that produce data that can be shown will estimate 
A/C compressor horsepower are also acceptable.
    (B) Obtain the engine crankshaft to A/C compressor pulley diameter 
(D) ratio (ACPR) as:

ACPR=D(crankshaft pulley)/D(A/C pulley)

    (C) Record the following parameters, as a function of accumulated 
time (t), at least once per second from second 0 to second 600 while 
driving the SC03 cycle with the air conditioning system operating.
    (1) Engine revolutions/minute (ERPMt).
    (2) Compressor input torque in foot pounds (CTt).
    (D) For each second of data recorded from paragraph (b)(2)(i)(C) of 
this section, calculate compressor horsepower (CHPt) as:

CHPt=(CTt)(ERPMt)(ACPR)/5252

    (E) For each second of accumulated time and the data of paragraph 
(b)(2)(i) (B) and (D) of this section, determine a value of air 
conditioning compressor roadload force (ACRFt) that is 
equivalent to the air conditioning compressor force on the engine as:

ACRFt=(CHPt)(375)/Vt.

where:


[[Page 541]]


Vt equals vehicle SC03 cycle speed in miles per hour for each 
accumulated second of time, and 375 is a units constant to convert 
(ACRFt) to foot pounds of force.

    (F) Values of (ACRFt) at each second of time are added to 
the corresponding roadload dynamometer force requirements of 
Sec. 86.129-00(e) to obtain an approximation of the force generated by 
the vehicle engine during a SC03 test in an environmental test cell.
    (ii) The method by which the values of (ACRFt) additional 
dynamometer load is applied by the dynamometer to the vehicle tire 
surface will vary with dynamometer design and its force simulation 
capabilities. If the dynamometer has grade simulation capabilities, 
increasing load by simulating varying grades is one acceptable method of 
applying (ACRFt) values.
    (iii) For those calculated values of (ACRFt) which exceed 
the force capacity of the dynamometer being used for simulation test, 
replace the calculated values with the maximum road force capacity of 
the dynamometer. The Administrator would normally not expect 
(ACRFt) values to exceed dynamometer capability for time 
periods of more than a second.
    (iv) Values of (ACRFt) for application to AC1 testing 
should be an average of at least two runs unless the manufacturer can 
demonstrate to the Administrator that one run repeatability is 
acceptable.
    (v) Values of (ACRFt) for application to AC1 testing are 
to be obtained for each vehicle and engine family combination. If only 
one vehicle configuration is selected to represent an engine family, the 
selected configuration is the vehicle expected to produce the highest 
air conditioning load requirements. A manufacturer may petition the 
Administrator to reduce the number of (ACRFt) test vehicles 
for their product line, if they can show that the highest air 
conditioning loads are covered with a lesser number than one per family.
    (vi) Test results, calculations, and dynamometer setting values 
associated with making these roadload determinations are to be retained 
by the manufacturer as part of their certification records.
    (3) Perform the SC03 air conditioning test sequence as described in 
Sec. 86.160-00(c) with the following exceptions:
    (i) The variable speed cooling fan of Sec. 86.160-00(c)(2)(ii) is 
replaced with the fixed speed cooling fan requirements of Sec. 86.159-
00(b).
    (ii) The position of vehicle windows is optional.
    (iii) The nominal ambient air test conditions of Sec. 86.160-
00(b)(5)(i) (A) and (B) are replaced with 76  deg.F and 50 grains of 
water/pound of dry air and the solar heat load of Sec. 86.160-
00(b)(5)(i)(C) is omitted.
    (iv) The air conditioning system is not operated during the SC03 
test cycle. Operation of the air conditioning during preconditioning 
test cycles is optional.
    (4) Section 86.160-00(d) is applicable to the AC1 test procedure.
    (5) NOX humidity correction. Calculated NOX 
exhaust emissions from air conditioning tests conducted in a standard 
test cell at a nominal 50 grains of water/pound of dry air are corrected 
for humidity to 75 grains of water/pound of dry air (see the 
relationship of Sec. 86.144-94(c)(7)(iv)(B)).
    (c) AC2 test procedure. (1) section 86.160-00(a) is applicable the 
AC2 test procedure except for the discussion of the environmental test 
requirements. The AC2 test procedure simulates the effect of air 
conditioning operation in the environmental cell test conditions by 
adding heat from the vehicle's heating system to the interior of the 
passenger compartment.
    (2) Section 86.160-00(b) is applicable to the AC2 test procedure.
    (3) Section 86.160-00(c) is applicable except for the following:
    (i) Section 86.160-00(c)(3) is applicable except the drivers side 
front window is left open and all the others are closed.
    (ii) The nominal ambient air test conditions of Sec. 86.160-
00(b)(5)(i) (A) and (B) are replaced with 76  deg.F and 50 grains of 
water/pound of dry air and the solar heat load of Sec. 86.160-
00(b)(5)(i)(C) is omitted.
    (iii) The control position instruction of Sec. 86.160-00(c)(6)(iv) 
is replaced with set the A/C temperature control to the highest warm 
position (maximum for automatic systems).

[[Page 542]]

    (4) Section 86.160-00(d) is applicable to the AC2 test procedure.
    (5) NOx humidity correction. Calculated NOX 
exhaust emissions from air conditioning tests conducted in a standard 
test cell at a nominal 50 grains of water/pound of dry air are corrected 
for humidity to 75 grains of water/pound of dry air (see the 
relationship of Sec. 86.144-94(c)(7)(iv)(B)).

[61 FR 54898, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.162-03  Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations.

    (a) Upon petition from a manufacturer or upon the Agency's own 
initiative, the Administrator will approve a simulation of the 
environmental cell for air conditioning test (SC03) described in 
Sec. 86.160-00 providing that the procedure can be run by the 
Administrator for SEA and in-use enforcement testing and providing that 
the following criteria are met:
    (1) In deciding whether approvals will be granted, the Administrator 
will consider data showing how well the simulation matches environmental 
cell test data for the range of vehicles to be covered by the simulation 
including items such as the tailpipe emissions, air conditioning 
compressor load, and fuel economy.
    (2) For any simulation approved under paragraph (a) of this section, 
the manufacturer must agree to be subject to an ongoing yearly 
correlation spot check as described in Sec. 86.163-00.
    (3) Once a simulation is approved and used by a manufacturer for 
testing for a given vehicle, EPA agrees to use the simulation test 
procedure for all official testing conducted on that vehicle by the 
Agency for certification, SEA, and recall purposes, excluding spot check 
testing and vehicles which fail the spot check criteria as described in 
Sec. 86.163-00.
    (4) EPA will moniter the aggregate results of spot check testing and 
full environmental test cells. If EPA determines, based on such 
aggregate results, that any simulation is producing test results 
consistantly below those from a full environmental test cell, EPA may 
review its approval of the simulation.
    (b) [Reserved]

[61 FR 54899, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.163-00  Spot check correlation procedures for vehicles tested using a simulation of the environmental test cell for air conditioning emission testing.

    This section is applicable for vehicles which are tested using a 
simulation of the environmental test cell approved under the provisions 
of Sec. 86.162-00(a).
    (a) The Administrator may select up to five emission data vehicles 
(one emission data vehicle for small volume manufacturers), including 
vehicles submitted for running change approval, each model year for any 
manufacturer undergoing the spot checking procedures of this section.
    (b) Testing conducted under this section (including testing 
performed in an environmental test cell) will be considered as official 
data as described in Sec. 86.091-29 and used in determining compliance 
with the standards. Such testing must comply with all applicable 
emission standards of subpart A of this part. Retests for the purpose of 
emission compliance will be allowed using the procedures described in 
Sec. 86.091-29.
    (c) Spot check procedures. (1) Subject to the limitations of 
paragraphs (a) and (d)(2)(iii) of this section, the Administrator may 
require that one or more of the test vehicles which use a simulation 
rather than actual testing in an environmental test cell for air 
conditioning emission testing be submitted at a place the Administrator 
will designate for air conditioning emission testing in an environmental 
test cell as described in Sec. 86.160-00. The Administrator may order 
this testing to be conducted at a manufacturer facility. All 
manufacturers which use a simulation instead of environmental cell 
testing must have access to an environment test cell meeting the 
requirements of Sec. 86.161-00 to perform this testing.
    (2) An air conditioning emission test will be performed as described 
in Sec. 86.162-00 in a full environmental test cell.
    (i) The results of the original simulation test and the full 
environmental test cell required in paragraph (c)(1) of this section are 
compared. In order to pass the spot check, the test results must pass 
both the following two criteria:

[[Page 543]]

    (A) The NOX emission results of the simulation test must 
be at least 85% of the NOX emission results of the 
environmental chamber test.
    (B) The fuel consumption of the simulation test must be at least 95% 
of the fuel consumption of the environmental chamber test.
    (ii) If either of two criteria of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this 
section were not met, a retest is allowed. The manufacturer may elect to 
conduct either a retest of the simulation procedure or the environmental 
chamber testing. In order to pass the spot check, the test results must 
pass both the following two criteria using the retest test result.
    (A) The NOX emission results of the simulation test must 
be at least 85% of the NOX emission results of the 
environmental chamber test.
    (B) The fuel consumption of the simulation test must be at least 95% 
of the fuel consumption of the environmental chamber test.
    (iii) If either of the two criteria of paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 
section were not met, a second retest is allowed. The procedure not 
selected for the first retest must be used for the second retest, 
yielding two test results for each procedure. In order to pass the spot 
check, the test results must pass both the following two criteria using 
the average test result for each procedure:
    (A) The NOX emission results of the simulation test must 
be at least 85% of the NOX emission results of the 
environmental chamber test.
    (B) The fuel consumption of the simulation test must be at least 95% 
of the fuel consumption of the environmental chamber test.
    (iv) If the spot check criteria have not passed after any of the 
initial test, the first retest, or the second retest the spot check is 
considered failed.
    (d) Consequences of failing a spot check. (1) If the emission 
results of the testing using the environmental test chamber passes all 
the applicable standards, those test results may be used to obtain a 
certificate of conformity.
    (2) The Administrator will allow up to 60 days for the manufacturer 
to supply additional data addressing the correlation of the simulation 
with a full environmental test cell.
    (i) If that data prove to the satisfaction of the Administrator that 
the simulation produces results that correlate sufficiently with the 
environmental test chamber, the Administrator may allow the continued 
use of the simulation.
    (ii) Otherwise, the Administrator will determine that the simulation 
fails to meet adequate correlation levels with full environmental 
testing. As a consequence of this finding, all future air conditioning 
emission testing on the population of vehicles represented by the 
failing-spot-check test vehicle (which may include past model year 
configurations) will be conducted using an environment chamber or a 
different (or corrected) approved simulation procedure.
    (iii) For each vehicle that fails a spot check, the Administrator 
may select up to two additional vehicles to test for the spot check that 
do not count against the five vehicle limit of paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    (e) EPA will monitor the aggregate results of spot check testing and 
full environmental test cells. If EPA determines, based on such 
aggregate results, that any simulation (other than the AC1 and AC2 
procedures described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section for the 
2000, 2001, and 2002 model years) is producing test results consistently 
below those from a full environmental test cell, EPA may review its 
approval of the simulation.

[61 FR 54899, Oct. 22, 1996]



Sec. 86.164-00  Supplemental Federal Test Procedure calculations.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.144-94 (b) and (c) are applicable to 
this section except that the NOX humidity correction factor 
of Sec. 86.144-94(c)(7)(iv) must be modified when adjusting SC03 
environmental test cell NOX results to 100 grains of water 
(see paragraph (d) of this section). These provisions provide the 
procedures for calculating mass emission results of each regulated 
exhaust pollutant for the test schedules of FTP, US06, and SC03.

[[Page 544]]

    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.144-94(a) are applicable to this 
section. These provisions provide the procedures for determining the 
weighted mass emissions for the FTP test schedule (Ywm).
    (c)(1) When the test vehicle is equipped with air conditioning, the 
final reported test results for the SFTP composite (NMHC+NOX) 
and optional composite CO standards shall be computed by the following 
formulas.
    (i) YWSFTP=0.35(YFTP)+0.37(YSC03) 
0.28(YUS06)

Where:
    (A) YWSFTP=Mass emissions per mile for a particular 
pollutant weighted in terms of the contributions from the FTP, SC03, and 
US06 schedules. Values of YWSFTP are obtained for each of the 
exhaust emissions of NMHC, NOX, and CO.
    (B) YFTP=Weighted mass emissions per mile (Ywm) based on 
the measured driving distance of the FTP test schedule.
    (C) YSC03=Calculated mass emissions per mile based on the 
measured driving distance of the SC03 test schedule.
    (D) YUS06=Calculated mass emissions per mile based on the 
measured driving distance of the US06 test schedule.
    (ii) Composite (NMHC=NOX) + YWSFTP(NMHC) 
WSFTP(NOX)

Where:
    (A) YWSFTP(NMHC)=results of paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this 
section for NMHC.
    (B) YWSFTP(NOX)=results of paragraph (c)(1)(i) 
of this section for NOX.
    (2) When the test vehicle is not equipped with air conditioning, the 
relationship of paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section is:
    (i) YWSFTP=0.72(YFTP)+0.28(YUS06)

Where:
    (A) YWSFTP=Mass emissions per mile for a particular 
pollutant weighted in terms of the contributions from the FTP and US06 
schedules. Values of YWSFTP are obtained for each of the 
exhaust emissions of NMHC, NOX, and CO.
    (B) YFTP=Weighted mass emissions per mile (Ywm) based on 
the measured driving distance of the FTP test schedule.
    (C) YUS06=Calculated mass emissions per mile based on the 
measured driving distance of the US06 test schedule.
    (ii) Composite (NMHC+NOX) = YWSFTP(NMHC) + 
YWSFTP(NOX)

Where:
    (A) YWSFTP(NMHC)=results of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this 
section for NMHC.
    (B) YWSFTP(NOX)=results of paragraph (c)(2)(i) 
of this section for NOX.
    (d) The NOX humidity correction factor for adjusting 
NOX test results to the environmental test cell air 
conditioning ambient condition of 100 grains of water/pound of dry air 
is:

KH (100)=0.8825/[1-0.0047(H-75)]

Where:

H=measured test humidity in grains of water/pound of dry air.

[61 FR 54900, Oct. 22, 1996]



 Subpart C--Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-
  Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-
        Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures

    Source: 57 FR 31916, July 17, 1992, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.201-94  General applicability.

    (a) This subpart describes procedures for determining the cold 
temperature carbon monoxide (CO) emission from 1994 and later model year 
new gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
    (b) All of the provisions of this subpart are applicable to testing 
conducted at a nominal temperature of 20  deg.F (-7  deg.C).
    (c) The provisions that are specially applicable to testing at 
temperatures between 25  deg.F (-4  deg.C) and 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) are 
specified in Sec. 86.246-94 of this subpart.



Sec. 86.202-94  Definitions.

    The definitions in subpart A of this part apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.203-94  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in subpart A of this part apply to this subpart.

[[Page 545]]



Sec. 86.204-94  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) In the section number, the two digits following the hyphen 
designate the first model year for which a section is effective. A 
section remains effective until superseded.
    (b) Example. Section 86.204-94 applies to the 1994 and subsequent 
model years until superseded. If a Sec. 86.204-96 is promulgated it 
would take effect beginning with the 1996 model year; Sec. 86.204-94 
would apply to model years 1994 through 1995.



Sec. 86.205-94  Introduction; structure of this subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment required and the procedures 
to follow in order to perform gaseous exhaust emission tests on 
gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. Subpart A of 
this part sets forth testing requirements and test intervals necessary 
to comply with EPA certification procedures.
    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model years.
    (c) Three topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.206 
through 86.215 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.216 through 86.226 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures and data requirements are listed (in approximate order 
of performance) in Secs. 86.227 through 86.245.



Sec. 86.206-94  Equipment required; overview.

    This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emission tests on 
gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. Equipment 
required and specifications are as follows:
    (a) Exhaust emission tests. Exhaust from gasoline-fueled vehicles is 
tested for gaseous emissions using the Constant Volume Sampler (CVS) 
concept (Sec. 86.209). Equipment necessary and specifications appear in 
Secs. 86.208 through 86.214.
    (b) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel 
specifications for exhaust emission testing for gasoline-fueled vehicles 
are specified in Sec. 86.213. Analytical gases are specified in 
Sec. 86.214. The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) for use 
in gasoline-fueled emission tests is specified in Sec. 86.215 and 
appendix I to this part.



Sec. 86.207-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.208-94  Dynamometer.

    (a) For testing that is conducted by the Administrator, the 
dynamometer shall have a single roll with a nominal diameter of 48 
inches (1.22 meters), an electrical power absorption unit for simulation 
of road load power, flywheels or other means for simulating the inertia 
weight as specified in Sec. 86.229, and a roll or shaft revolution 
counter or other means for determining distance driven.
    (b) For certification testing that is conducted by the manufacturer, 
a dynamometer with different characteristics may be used provided cold 
CO emissions are not decreased.



Sec. 86.209-94  Exhaust gas sampling system; gasoline-fueled vehicles.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.109-90 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.210-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.211-94  Exhaust gas analytical system.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.111 apply to this subpart, except that the 
NOX analyzer is optional.



Sec. 86.212-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.213-04  Fuel specifications.

    Gasoline having the following specifications will be used by the 
Administrator except that the Administrator will not use gasoline having 
a sulfur specification higher than 0.0045 weight percent. Gasoline 
having the specifications set forth in the table in this section, or 
substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, 
may be used by the manufacturer except that the octane specification 
does not apply. In lieu of using gasoline having these specifications, 
the manufacturer may, for certification testing, use gasoline having the 
specifications specified in Sec. 86.113-04 provided the cold CO 
emissions are not decreased. Documentation showing

[[Page 546]]

that cold CO emissions are not decreased must be maintained by the 
manufacturer and must be made available to the Administrator upon 
request. The table listing the cold CO fuel specifications described in 
the text in this section follows:

[[Page 547]]



                                       Table--Cold CO Fuel Specifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Cold CO low octane value   Cold CO high octane \1\
               Item                         ASTM test                 or range               value or range
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(RON+MON)/2, min..................   D 2699                    87.8.3        92.30.5
Sensitivity, min..................   D 2699                    7.5                      7.5
Distillation range:...............
  IBP, deg.F......................   D 86                      76-96                     76-96
  10% point, deg.F................   D 86                     98-118                     105-125
  50% point, deg.F................   D 86                     179-214                    195-225
  90% point, deg.F................   D 86                     316-346                    316-346
  EP, max, deg.F..................   D 86                      413                       413
Sulfur, wt. %.....................   D 3120                    0.0015-0.008              0.0015-0.008
Phosphorous, g/U.S gal, max.......   D 3231                    0.005                     0.005
Lead, g/gal, max..................                             0.01                      0.01
RVP, psi..........................   D 4953                    11.5.3        11.5.3
Hydrocarbon composition...........   D 1319
  Olefins, vol. pct...............                             12.55.0       10.05.0
  Aromatics, vol. pct.............                             26.44.0       32.04.0
  Saturates.......................                             Remainder                 Remainder.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Gasoline having these specifications may be used for vehicles which are designed for the use of high-octane
  premium fuel.


[[Page 548]]


[65 FR 6850, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.213-94  Fuel specifications.

    Gasoline having the following specifications will be used by the 
Administrator. Gasoline having the specifications set forth in the table 
in this section, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, may be used by the manufacturer except that the 
octane specification does not apply. In lieu of using gasoline having 
these specifications, the manufacturer may, for certification testing, 
use gasoline having the specifications specified in Sec. 86.113-90 
provided the cold CO emissions are not decreased. Documentation showing 
that cold CO emissions are not decreased shall be maintained by the 
manufacturer and shall be made available to the Administrator upon 
request.

                                       Table--Cold CO Fuel Specifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Cold CO low octane value or    Cold CO high octane \1\
                Item                     ASTM test                 range                    value or range
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(RON+MON)/2, min...................  D2699              87.8.3           92.30.5
Sensitivity, min...................  D2699              7.5                          7.5
Distillation range:
  IBP,  deg.F......................  D86                76-96                        76-96
  10% point,  deg.F................  D86                98-118                       105-125
  50% point,  deg.F................  D86                179-214                      195-225
  90% point,  deg.F................  D86                316-346                      316-346
  EP, max,  deg.F..................  D86                413                          413
Sulfur, wt. %......................  D3120              0.0350.015       0.0200.015
Phosphorous, g/U.S gal, max........  D3231              0.005                        0.005
Lead, g/gal, max...................  .................  0.01                         0.01
RVP, psi...........................  D4953              11.5.3           11.5.3
Hydrocarbon composition............  D1319              ...........................  ...........................
  Olefins, vol. pct................  .................  12.55.0          10.05.0
  Aromatics, vol. pct..............  .................  26.44.0          32.04.0
  Saturates........................  .................  Remainder                    Remainder
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Gasoline having these specifications may be used for vehicles which are designed for the use of high-octane
  premium fuel.



Sec. 86.214-94  Analytical gases.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.114-94 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.215-94  EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.115-78 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.216-94  Calibrations, frequency and overview.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.116-94 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.217-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.218-94  Dynamometer calibration.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.118-78 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.219-94  CVS calibration.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.119-90 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.220-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.221-94  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.121-90 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.222-94  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.122-78 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.223-94  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.123-78 apply to this subpart if 
NOX measurements are optionally made.



Sec. 86.224-94  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.124-78 apply to this subpart.

[[Page 549]]



Sec. 86.225-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.226-94  Calibration of other equipment.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.126 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.227-94  Test procedures; overview.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.127-94 (a), (b), and (e) apply to this 
subpart.



Sec. 86.228-94  Transmissions.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.128-79 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.229-94  Road load force, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

    (a) Flywheels, electrical forces, or other means of simulating test 
weight as shown in the table in this paragraph shall be used. If the 
equivalent test weight specified is not available on the dynamometer 
being used, the next higher equivalent test weight (not to exceed 250 
pounds) available shall be used. Light-duty vehicles over 5750 lbs. 
loaded vehicle weight shall be tested at a 5,500 lb. equivalent test 
weight.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Equivalent    Inertia
                                                     test       weight
         Loaded vehicle weight (pounds)             weight       class
                                                   (pounds)    (pounds)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Up-1,062........................................       1,000       1,000
1,063-1,187.....................................       1,125       1,000
1,188-1,312.....................................       1,250       1,250
1,313-1,437.....................................       1,375       1,250
1,438-1,562.....................................       1,500       1,500
1,563-1,687.....................................       1,625       1,500
1,688-1,812.....................................       1,750       1,750
1,813-1,937.....................................       1,875       1,750
1,938-2,062.....................................       2,000       2,000
2,063-2,187.....................................       2,125       2,000
2,188-2,312.....................................       2,250       2,250
2,313-2,437.....................................       2,375       2,250
2,438-2,562.....................................       2,500       2,500
2,563-2,687.....................................       2,625       2,500
2,688-2,812.....................................       2,750       2,750
2,813-2,937.....................................       2,875       2,750
2,938-3,062.....................................       3,000       3,000
3,063-3,187.....................................       3,125       3,000
3,188-3,312.....................................       3,250       3,000
3,313-3,437.....................................       3,375       3,500
3,438-3,562.....................................       3,500       3,500
3,563-3,687.....................................       3,625       3,500
3,688-3,812.....................................       3,750       3,500
3,813-3,937.....................................       3,875       4,000
3,938-4,125.....................................       4,000       4,000
4,126-4,375.....................................       4,250       4,000
4,376-4,625.....................................       4,500       4,500
4,626-4,875.....................................       4,750       4,500
4,876-5,125.....................................       5,000       5,000
5,126-5,375.....................................       5,250       5,000
5,376-5,750.....................................       5,500       5,500
5,751-6,250.....................................       6,000       6,000
6,251-6,750.....................................       6,500       6,500
6,751-7,250.....................................       7,000       7,000
7,251-7,750.....................................       7,500       7,500
7,751-8,250.....................................       8,000       8,000
8,251-8,750.....................................       8,500       8,500
8,751-9,250.....................................       9,000       9,000
9,251-9,750.....................................       9,500       9,500
9,751-10,000....................................      10,000      10,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) A dynamometer which meets the specifications of Sec. 86.208-
94(a) shall be adjusted to simulate the operation of a vehicle on the 
road at 20  deg.F (-7  deg.C). Such adjustment may be based on a 
determination of the road load force profile at 20  deg.F (-7  deg.C). 
Alternatively, the adjustment may be based on a 10 percent decrease in 
the target coastdown time that is used for FTP testing.



Sec. 86.230-94  Test sequence: general requirements.

    (a) Sequence steps. Figure C94-1 shows the steps encountered as the 
test vehicle undergoes the procedures subsequently described, to 
determine conformity with the standards set forth.

[[Page 550]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.167

    (b) Driving schedule. The Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) 
test procedure (see Sec. 86.115 and appendix I to this part) is used for 
vehicle preconditioning and testing.
    (c) Ambient temperature level. (1) Ambient temperature levels 
encountered by the test vehicle shall average 20  deg.F5 
deg.F (-7  deg.C2.8  deg.C) and shall not be less than 10 
deg.F (-14  deg.C) nor more than

[[Page 551]]

30  deg.F (-1  deg.C) during vehicle preconditioning, except for 
preconditioning performed in accordance with Sec. 86.232(a)(7), and 
during all emission testing.
    (2) The ambient temperature reported shall be a simple average of 
the test cell temperatures measured at constant intervals no more than 
one minute apart. Before the driving cycle may begin, the test cell 
temperature shall be 20  deg.F3  deg.F (-7 
deg.C1.7  deg.C) when measured in accordance with paragraph 
(e)(2) of this section. The temperature may not exceed 25  deg.F (-4 
deg.C) or fall below 15  deg.F (-9  deg.C) for more than three 
consecutive minutes during the test.
    (d) Vehicle positioning. The vehicle shall be approximately level 
during all phases of the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel 
distribution.
    (e) Engine compartment cooling. (1) Fixed speed air cooling of the 
engine compartment with the compartment cover open shall be utilized 
during testing that is conducted by the Administrator and, optionally 
for certification testing, by the manufacturer. If a separate movable 
fan is used, it shall be squarely positioned within 12 inches (30.5 
centimeters) of the front of vehicles with front engine compartments. In 
the case of vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if special 
designs make the normal front engine positioning impractical), the 
cooling fan shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to 
maintain vehicle cooling. The fan capacity shall normally not exceed 
5,300 cfm (2.50 cubic meters per second). If, however, the manufacturer 
showed (as provided in Sec. 86.135-94(b)) that additional cooling is 
necessary, the fan capacity may be increased or additional fans used if 
approved in advance by the Administrator. The cooling air temperature 
shall be measured at the inlet to the fan.
    (2) In lieu of using a separate fan, an air handling system that is 
integral with the test cell may be used provided comparable air movement 
is obtained. The cooling air temperature shall be measured in the center 
of a vertical plane that is located approximately 2 feet in front of the 
vehicle.
    (3) The manufacturer may use, for certification testing, alternative 
engine compartment cooling fans or systems, including those which 
provide a variable air flow, if the manufacturer has determined that 
comparable results are obtained.
    (f) Heater and defroster usage. The heater and defroster may be used 
at any temperature and fan settings.



Sec. 86.231-94  Vehicle preparation.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.131-90 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.232-94  Vehicle preconditioning.

    (a) The vehicle shall be moved to the test area and the following 
operations performed:
    (1) The fuel tank(s) shall be filled to approximately the prescribed 
``tank fuel volume'' with the test fuel specified Sec. 86.213. If the 
existing fuel in the fuel tank(s) does not meet the specifications 
contained in Sec. 86.213, the existing fuel must be drained prior to the 
fuel fill. The test fuel shall be at a temperature less than or equal to 
60  deg.F. For the operations in this paragraph (a)(1), the evaporative 
emission control system shall neither be abnormally purged nor 
abnormally loaded.
    (2) For operation on a 48-inch (1.22 metre) diameter single roll 
dynamometer, the drive wheel tires shall be inflated to the pressure 
recommended by the tire manufacturer. For operation on a twin-roll 
dynamometer, the drive wheel tires may be inflated to a gauge pressure 
of 40 psi (276 kPa). The drive wheel tire pressures shall be reported 
with the test results.
    (3) The fuel in the vehicle shall be stabilized at 20 
F deg.10  deg.F (-7  deg.C5.6  deg.C) prior to 
the start of the driving cycle except when vehicle peconditioning is 
performed in accordance with paragraph (a)(7) of this section.
    (4) The vehicle shall be placed, either by being driven or pushed, 
on a dynamometer and operated through one UDDS cycle.
    (5) For those unusual circumstances where additional preconditioning 
is desired by the manufacturer, such preconditioning may be allowed with 
the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (6) The Administrator may also choose to conduct additional 
preconditioning. The additional preconditioning shall consist of one or 
more

[[Page 552]]

driving cycles of the UDDS, as described in paragraph (a)(4) of this 
section.
    (7) The manufacturer may, for certification testing, precondition 
vehicles at temperatures above 20  deg.F (-7  deg.C) and with 
temperature tolerances greater than those specified in Sec. 86.230(a) if 
the manufacturer has determined that such preconditioning does not 
decrease CO emissions during the testing specified in Sec. 86.237.
    (b) Within five minutes of completion of preconditioning, the 
vehicle shall be shut off. During this five minute period, the vehicle 
shall not experience ambient temperatures less than 10  deg.F (-12 
deg.C) nor more than 30  deg.F (-1  deg.C).
    (c) One of the following two methods shall be utilized to stabilize 
the vehicle before the emissions test:
    (1) Storing at cold temperatures. The vehicle shall be stored for 
not less than 12 hours nor for more than 36 hours prior to the cold 
start exhaust test. The ambient temperature (dry bulb) during this 
period shall be maintained at an average temperature of 20 
deg.F5  deg.F (-7  deg.C2.8  deg.C) during each 
hour of this period and shall not be less than 10  deg.F (-12  deg.C) 
nor more than 30  deg.F (-1  deg.C). The ambient temperature reported 
shall be a simple average of the test cell temperature measured at 
constant intervals no more than one minute apart. In addition, the 
temperature may not exceed 25  deg.F (-4  deg.C) or fall below 15  deg.F 
(-9  deg.C) for more than three consecutive minutes.
    (2) Force-cooling or warming. (i) The vehicle shall be stored for no 
more than 36 hours prior to cooling or warming for the cold start 
exhaust test. The vehicle shall not be stored at ambient temperatures 
which exceed 86  deg.F (30  deg.C) during this period.
    (ii) Vehicle cooling may be accomplished by either force-cooling or 
force-warming the vehicle to the test temperature. If cooling is 
augmented by fans, the fans shall be placed in a vertical position for 
maximum drive train and engine cooling, not primarily oil pan cooling. 
Fans shall not be placed under the vehicle.
    (iii) The ambient temperature need only be stringently controlled 
after the vehicle has been cooled to 20  deg.F3  deg.F (-7 
deg.C1.7  deg.C), as determined by a representative bulk oil 
temperature. A representative bulk oil temperature is the temperature of 
the oil measured near the middle of the oil, not at the surface or at 
the bottom of the oil pan. If two or more diverse locations in the oil 
are monitored, they must all meet the temperature requirements.
    (iv) The vehicle must be stored for at least one hour after it has 
been cooled to 20  deg.F3  deg.F (-7  deg.C1.7 
deg.C) prior to the cold start exhaust test. The ambient temperature 
(dry bulb) during this period shall average 20  deg.F5 
deg.F (-7  deg.C2.8  deg.C) and shall not be less than 10 
deg.F (-12  deg.C) nor more than 30  deg.F (-1  deg.C). In addition, the 
temperature may not exceed 25  deg.F (-4  deg.C) or fall below 15  deg.F 
(-9  deg.C) for more than three consecutive minutes.
    (d) If the vehicle is stabilized at 20  deg.F (-7  deg.C) in a 
separate area and is moved through a warm area to the test cell, the 
vehicle must be restabilized in the test cell for at least six times the 
period the vehicle is exposed to warmer temperatures. The ambient 
temperature (dry bulb) during this period shall average 20 
deg.F5  deg.F (-7  deg.C2.8  deg.C) and shall 
not be less than 10  deg.F (-12  deg.C) nor more than 30  deg.F (-1 
deg.C). In addition, the temperature may not exceed 25  deg.F (-4 
deg.C) or fall below 15  deg.F (-9  deg.C) for more than three 
consecutive minutes. The maximum time for moving a vehicle through a 
warm area shall be 10 minutes.



Secs. 86.233-94--86.234-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.235-94  Dynamometer procedure.

    (a) Overview. The emission sampling is completed over two test 
sequences, a ``cold'' start test after a minimum 12-hour and a maximum 
36-hour soak according to the provisions of Sec. 86.232 and a ``hot'' 
start test following the ``cold'' start test by 10 minutes. Engine 
startup, operation over the UDDS, and engine shut-down make a complete 
cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the first 505 seconds 
of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust 
emissions are diluted with ambient air and a continuously proportional 
sample is collected for analysis during each phase. The composite 
samples collected in bags are analyzed for hydrocarbons, carbon

[[Page 553]]

monoxide, carbon dioxide, and, optionally, other pollutants. A parallel 
sample of the dilution air is similarly analyzed for carbon monoxide 
and, optionally, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen.
    (b) As long as an emission sample is not taken, practice runs over 
the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test point for the 
purpose of finding the minimum throttle action to maintain the proper 
speed-time relationship or to permit sampling system adjustment.
    (c) Humidity should be set low enough to prevent condensation on the 
dynamometer rolls.
    (d) The dynamometer shall be warmed as recommended by the 
dynamometer manufacturer and using procedures or control methods that 
assure stability of the residual frictional horsepower.
    (e) The time between dynamometer warming and the start of the 
emission test shall be no longer than 10 minutes if the dynamometer 
bearings are not independently heated. If the dynamometer bearings are 
independently heated, the emission test shall begin no longer than 20 
minutes after dynamometer warming.
    (f) If the dynamometer horsepower must be adjusted manually, it 
shall be set within one hour prior to the exhaust emission test phase. 
The test vehicle shall not be used to make the adjustment. Dynamometers 
using automatic control of preselectable power settings may be set 
anytime prior to the beginning of the emission test.
    (g) The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of 
dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be determined for the 
transient cold start, stabilized cold start, and transient hot start 
phases of the test.
    (h) Four-wheel drive vehicles will be tested in a two-wheel drive 
mode of operation. Full-time four-wheel drive vehicles will have one set 
of drive wheels temporarily disengaged by the vehicle manufacturer. 
Four-wheel drive vehicles which can be manually shifted to a two-wheel 
drive mode will be tested in the normal on-highway two-wheel drive mode 
of operation.



Sec. 86.236-94  Engine starting and restarting.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.136 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.237-94  Dynamometer test run, gaseous emissions.

    (a) The complete dynamometer test consists of a cold start drive of 
approximately 7.5 miles (12.1 kilometers) and a hot start drive of 
approximately 3.6 miles (5.8 kilometers).
    (b) If the preconditioned vehicle is not already on the dynamometer, 
it shall be pushed into position.
    (c) The vehicle is allowed to stand on the dynamometer during the 
ten minute time period between the cold and hot start test. The cold 
start test is divided into two periods. The first period, representing 
the cold start ``transient'' phase, terminates at the end of the 
deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 505 seconds of the driving 
schedule. The second period, representing the ``stabilized'' phase, 
consists of the remainder of the driving schedule, including engine 
shutdown. The hot start test is identical to the first part or transient 
phase of the cold start test. Therefore, the hot start test terminates 
after the first period (505 seconds) is run.
    (d) The provisions of Sec. 86.137(b) apply to this subpart.



Secs. 86.238-94--86.239-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.240-94  Exhaust sample analysis.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.140 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.241-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.242-94  Records required.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.142-90 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.243-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.244-94  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.144-94 apply to this subpart, except that 
NOX measurements are optional. Should NOX 
measurements be calculated, note that the humidity correction factor is 
not valid at colder temperatures.

[[Page 554]]



Sec. 86.245-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.246-94  Intermediate temperature testing.

    (a) This section is applicable to tests which are conducted at an 
intermediate temperature as defined in Sec. 86.094-2.
    (b) For testing during ambient temperatures of less than 50  deg.F 
(10  deg.C), the test procedure is identical to the test procedure that 
is used for testing at 20  deg.F (-7  deg.C) contained in 40 CFR part 
86, subpart C.
    (c) For testing at temperatures of 50  deg.F (10  deg.C) or higher, 
the FTP shall be used.



   Subpart D--Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-
       Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures

    Authority: Secs. 202, 206, 207, 208, 301(a), Clean Air Act, as 
amended (42 U.S.C. 1857f-1, 1857f-5, 1857f-5a, 1857f-6, 1857g(a)).

    Source: 42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.301-79  Scope; applicability.

    This subpart contains gaseous emission test procedures for gasoline-
fueled and Diesel heavy-duty engines. It applies to 1979 and later model 
years.



Sec. 86.302-79  Definitions.

    The definitions in Secs. 86.077-2, 86.078-2, and 86.079-2 apply to 
this subpart.



Sec. 86.303-79  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in Sec. 86.078-3 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.304-79  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the 
section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first 
model year for which a section is effective. A section remains effective 
until superseded.

    Example: Section 86.311-79 applies to the 1979 and subsequent model 
years until superseded. If a Sec. 86.311-81 is promulgated it would take 
effect beginning with the 1981 model year; Sec. 86.311-79 would apply to 
model years 1979 and 1980.

    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model year.
    (c) Unless indicated, all provisions in this subpart apply to both 
gasoline-fueled and Diesel heavy-duty engines.



Sec. 86.305-79  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment required and the procedures 
to follow in order to perform exhaust emission tests on gasoline-fueled 
and Diesel heavy-duty engines. Subpart A sets forth the testing 
requirements and test intervals necessary to comply with EPA 
certification procedures.
    (b) Four topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.306 
through 86.318 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.319 through 86.333 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures and data requirements are listed (in approximately 
chronological order) in Secs. 86.334 through 86.343; and calculation 
formulas are found in Secs. 86.344 and 86.345. Alternative procedures 
and calculations are set forth in Secs. 86.346 and 86.347.



Sec. 86.306-79  Equipment required and specifications; overview.

    (a) This subpart contains procedures for both gasoline-fueled and 
Diesel engine gaseous emission tests. Generally, the equipment required 
is identical for both types of engines. Equipment required and 
specifications are found in Secs. 86.307 through 86.318.
    (b) Some analyzer specifications refer to calibration checks found 
in Secs. 86.320 through 86.332.



Sec. 86.307-82  Fuel specifications.

    (a) Gasoline. (1) Gasoline having the following specifications will 
be used by the Administrator in exhaust emission testing. Gasoline 
having the following specifications or substantially equivalent 
specifications approved by the Administrator shall be used by the 
manufacturer in exhaust testing, except that the lead and octane 
specifications do not apply.

[[Page 555]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Item designation              ASTM         Leaded      Unleaded
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, minimum....  D2699..........         100            96
PB (organic), grams/U.S.       ...............     \1\ 1.4     0.00-0.05
 gallon.
Distillation Range:
  IBP,  deg.F................  D86............       75-95         75-95
  10 pct point,  deg.F.......  D86............     120-135       120-135
  50 pct point,  deg.F.......  D86............     200-230       200-230
  90 pct point,  deg.F.......  D86............     300-325       300-325
  EP,  deg.F (maximum).......  D86............         415           415
Sulfur, weight percent,        D1266..........        0.10          0.10
 maximum.
Phosphorus, grams/U.S.         ...............        0.01         0.005
 gallon, maximum.
RVP pounds per square inch...  D323...........     8.0-9.2       8.0-9.2
Hydrocarbon composition:
  Olefins, percent, maximum..  D1319..........          10            10
  Aromatics, percent maximum.  D1319..........          35            35
  Saturates..................  D1319..........       (\2\)         (\2\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Minimum. \2\ Remainder.

    (2) Gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which will be 
generally available through retail outlets shall be used in service 
accumulation. For leaded fuel the minimum lead content shall be equal to 
the average lead content found in regular leaded gasoline in the fuel 
survey prescribed by the Administrator. Where the Administrator 
determines that engines represented by a test engine will be operated 
using gasoline of different lead content from that prescribed in this 
paragraph, he may consent in writing to use of a gasoline with a 
different lead content. The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be 
no higher than 4.0 research octane numbers above the minimum recommended 
by the manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers 
for unleaded fuel and 7.0 octane numbers for leaded fuel, where 
sensitivity is defined as research octane number minus motor octane 
number.
    (b) Diesel Fuel. (1) The diesel fuels employed for testing shall be 
clean and bright, with pour and cloud points adequate for operability. 
The diesel fuel may contain nonmetallic additives as follows: Cetane 
improver, metal deactivator, antioxident, dehazer, antirust pour 
depressant, dye, and dispersant.
    (2) Diesel fuel meeting the following specifications, or 
substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, 
shall be used in exhaust emissions testing. The grade of diesel fuel 
recommended by the engine manufacturer commercially designated as ``Type 
1-D'' or ``Type 2-D'', shall be used.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  ASTM test
             Item                 method No.      Type 1-D     Type 2-D
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number................  D613, D86......        48-54        42-50
Distillation range:
  IBP,  deg.F................  ...............      330-390      340-400
  10 percent point,  deg.F...  ...............      370-430      400-460
  50 percent point,  deg.F...  ...............      410-480      470-540
  90 percent point,  deg.F...  ...............      460-520      550-610
  EP,  deg.F.................  ...............      500-560      580-660
Gravity,  deg.AP1............  D287...........        40-44        33-37
Total sulfur, percent........  D129 or D2622..    0.05-0.02      0.2-0.5
Hydrocarbon composition......  D1319..........  ...........  ...........
Aromatics, percent (minimum..  ...............        \1\ 8       \1\ 27
Paraffins, naphthenes,         ...............        (\2\)        (\2\)
 olefins.
Flashpoint,  deg.F (minimum).  D93............          120          130
Viscosity, centistokes.......  D445...........      1.6-2.0      2.0-3.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Minimum.
\2\ Remainder.

    (3) Diesel fuel meeting the following specifications, or 
substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, 
shall be used in service accumulation. The grade of diesel fuel 
recommended by the engine manufacturer, commercially designated as

[[Page 556]]

``Type 1-D'' or ``Type 2-D'', shall be used.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  ASTM test
             Item                 method No.      Type 1-D     Type 2-D
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane (minimum).............  D613...........        42-56        38-58
Distillation range 90 pct      D86............      440-530      540-630
 point,  deg.F.
Gravity,  deg.AP1............  D287...........        39-45        30-42
Total sulfur, percent........  D129 or D2622..         0.05          0.2
Flashpoint,  deg.F (minimum).  D96............          120          130
Viscosity, centistokes.......  D445...........      1.2-2.2      1.5-4.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Minimum.

    (4) Other petroleum distillate fuels may be used for testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service;
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b) (2) and (3) of this 
section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications was provided prior to the start of testing.
    (5) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(b) (2), (3), and (4) of this section shall be reported in accordance 
with Sec. 86.082-21(b)(3).
    (c) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section 
may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator.

[46 FR 50494, Oct. 13, 1981, and 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.308-79  Gas specifications.

    (a) Analyzer gases. (1) Calibration gases for the CO and CO2 
analyzers shall have zero grade nitrogen as a diluent. Combined CO and 
CO2 span gases are permitted. Zero grade nitrogen shall be 
the diluent for CO and CO2 span gases.
    (2) Calibration or span gases for the hydrocarbon analyzer shall be 
propane with zero-grade nitrogen as a diluent when testing gasoline-
fueled engines. For Diesel engine tests the diluent shall be zero-grade 
air.
    (3) Calibration or span gases for the NOX analyzer shall 
be NO named as NOX with a maximum NO2 
concentration of 5 percent of the nominal value. Zero-grade nitrogen 
shall be the diluent.
    (4) Zero-grade gases for hydrocarbon analyzers shall be nitrogen 
when testing gasoline-fueled engines and air when testing Diesel 
engines.
    (5) Zero-grade gases for the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and 
oxides of nitrogen analyzers shall be either zero-grade air or zero-
grade nitrogen.
    (6) The allowable zero grade gas (air or nitrogen) impurity 
concentrations shall not exceed 2 ppmC hydrocarbon, 10 ppm carbon 
monoxide, 400 ppm carbon dioxide and 1 ppm nitric oxide.
    (7) ``Zero-grade air'' includes artificial ``air'' consisting of a 
blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentrations between 18 and 
21 mole percent.
    (b) Calibration gas. Calibration gas values are to be derived from 
NBS ``Standard Reference Materials'' (SRM's) or other gas standards 
approved by the Administrator. The uncertainty of the assigned 
calibration gas values shall not exceed 2.0 percent of the assigned 
value. The uncertainty is defined as the sum of the precision errors (at 
the 90 percent confidence level) and the bias errors. Precision and bias 
errors apply to both the equipment and the derivation procedures.
    (c) Span gas. Span gas values are to be derived from NBS ``Standard 
Reference Materials'' (SRM's) or other gas standards approved by the 
Administrator. The uncertainty of the assigned calibration gas values 
shall not exceed 3.0 percent of the assigned value. The uncertainty is 
defined as the sum of the precision errors (at the 90 percent confidence 
level) and the bias errors. Precision and bias errors apply to both the 
equipment and the derivation procedures.
    (d) Hydrocarbon analyzer fuel--(1) The fuel shall contain 
40plus-minus2 percent hydrogen.

[[Page 557]]

The balance shall be helium. The mixture shall contain less than 2 ppmC 
hydrocarbon.
    (2) Alternate pure hydrogen fuel. Some HFID's are designed to 
operate on pure hydrogen. Generally the HFID fuel is incompatible with 
good relative hydrocarbon response.
    (i) For Diesel engines this fuel is not recommended. However, this 
fuel may be used if the engine manufacturer demonstrates, on each basic 
combustion system (i.e., 4 cycle DI, 2 cycle DI, 4 cycle pre-cup, etc.) 
that an HFID using this fuel produces comparable results to an HFID 
using 40% H2/60% He fuel. These data must be submitted to and 
approved by the Administrator prior to testing. Pure H2 fuel, 
that may be allowed for testing, must contain at least 99.0 percent 
hydrogen and contain less than 2 ppmC hydrocarbon.
    (ii) For gasoline-fueled engines, pure hydrogen fuel for the HFID is 
not allowed.
    (e) Hydrocarbon analyzer burner air. The concentration of oxygen 
must be within 1 mole percent of the oxygen concentration of the burner 
air used in the latest oxygen interference check (%O2 I). If 
the difference in oxygen concentration is greater than 1 mole percent, 
then the oxygen interference must be checked and the analyzer adjusted 
if necessary, to meet the %O2 I requirements. The burner air 
must contain less than 2 ppmC hydrocarbon.
    (f) Oxygen interference check gases shall contain propane with 350 
ppmCplus-minus75 ppmC hydrocarbon. The concentration value 
shall be determined to calibration gas tolerances by chromatographic 
analysis of total hydrocarbons plus impurities or by dynamic blending. 
Nitrogen shall be the predominant diluent with the balance oxygen. 
Blends required for gasoline-fueled and Diesel engine testing are as 
follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   O2 concentration
          Applicability                (percent)            Balance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diesel..........................  21 (20 to 22).....  N2
Diesel and gasoline.............  10 (9 to 11)......  N2
    Do..........................  5 (4 to 6)........  N2
Gasoline........................  0 (0 to 1)........  N2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (g) Proportioning and blending devices may be used to obtain 
required gas concentration.

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 46 FR 50495, Oct. 13, 1981; 
47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.309-79  Sampling and analytical system; schematic drawing.

    (a) Any variation from the specifications in this subpart including 
performance specifications and emission detection methods may be used 
only with prior approval by the Administrator.
    (b) Schematic drawing. (1) An example of a sampling and analytical 
system which may be used for testing under this subpart is shown in 
Figure D79-1. All components or parts of components that are wetted by 
the sample or corrosive calibration gases shall be either chemically 
cleaned stainless steel or inert material, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene 
resin. The use of ``gauge savers'' or ``protectors'' with nonreactive 
diaphragms to reduce dead volumes is permitted. The specific detection 
methods to be used for each exhaust component can be found in 
Sec. 86.316 for CO. Sec. 86.317 for HC, and Sec. 86.318 for 
NOX. Additional components such as instruments, valves, 
solenoids, pumps, switches, etc. may be employed to provide additional 
information and coordinate the functions of the component systems.
    (2) The following requirements must be incorporated in each system 
used for testing under this subpart.
    (i) All analyzers must obtain the sample to be analyzed from the 
same sample line.
    (ii) The sample transport system from the engine exhaust pipe to the 
HC analyzer and the NOX analyzer must be heated as is 
indicated in Figure D79-1.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide measurements must be made 
on a dry basis. Specific requirements for the means of drying the sample 
can be found in Sec. 86.309 (b)(5) and Sec. 86.311(e).
    (iv) All NDIR analyzers must have a pressure gauge immediately 
downstream of the analyzer. The gauge tap must be within 2 inches of the 
analyzer exit port. Gauge specifications can be found in 
Sec. 86.309(b)(3).

[[Page 558]]

    (v) All bypass and analyzer flows exiting the analysis system must 
be measured. Capillary flows such as in HFID and CL analyzers are 
excluded. For each ND IR analyzer with a flow meter located upstream of 
the analyzer, an upstream pressure gauge must be used. The gauge tap 
must be within 2 inches of the analyzer entrance port.
    (vi) Calibration or span gases for the NOX measurement 
system must pass through the NO2 to NO converter.
    (vii) The temperature of the NO2 to NO converter must be 
displayed continuously.

[[Page 559]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.168

    (c) System components list. The following is a list of components 
shown in Fig. D79-1 by numeric identifier.
    (1) Filters. Glass fiber filter paper is permitted for F1, F2, and 
F3. Optional filter F4 is a coarse filter for large particulates.

[[Page 560]]

    (i) F1--Fine particulate filter.
    (ii) F2--Fine particulate filter.
    (iii) F3--Fine heated particulate filter.
    (iv) F4--Coarse heated particulate filter.
    (2) Flowmeters. (i) Flowmeters FL 1 and FL 2 indicate sample flow 
rates through the CO and CO2 analyzers.
    (ii) Flowmeters FL 3, FL 4, FL 5, and FL 6 indicate bypass flow 
rates.
    (3) Gauges. Downstream gauges are required for any system used for 
testing under this subpart. Upstream gauges may be required under this 
subpart per Sec. 86.309(b)(2)(v).
    (i) Upstream gauges G1 and G2 measure the input to the CO and 
CO2 analyzers.
    (ii) Downstream gauges G3 and G4 measure the exit pressure of the CO 
and CO2 analyzers. If the normal operating range of the 
downstream gauges is less than 3 inches of water, then the downstream 
gauges must be capable of reading both pressure and vacuum.
    (4) Pressure gauges. (i) P1--bypass pressure.
    (ii) P2, P3, P4 and P5--sample or span pressure at inlet to flow 
control valves.
    (5) Water traps. Water traps WT1, and WT2 to remove water from the 
sample. A water trap performing the function of WT1 and meeting the 
specifications in Sec. 86.311(e) is required for any system used for 
testing under this subpart. Chemical dryers are not an acceptable method 
of removing the water. Water removal by condensation is acceptable. 
Means other than condensation may be used only with prior approval from 
the Administrator.
    (6) Regulators. (i) R1, R3, R4, and R6--linepressure regulators to 
control span pressure at inlet to flow control valves.
    (ii) R2 and R5--back presssure regulators to control sample pressure 
at inlet to flow control valves.
    (7) Valves. (i) V1, V7, V8, and V14--selector valves to select zero 
or calibration gases.
    (ii) V2--optional heated selector valve to purge the sample probe, 
perform leak checks, or to perform hang-up checks.
    (iii) V3 and V5--Selector valves to select sample or span gases.
    (iv) V4, V6, and V15--flow control valves.
    (v) V9 and V13--heated selector valve to select sample or span 
gases.
    (vi) V10 and V12--heated flow control valves.
    (vii) VII--Selector valve to select NOX or bypass mode in 
the chemiluminescence analyzer.
    (viii) V16--heated selector valve to perform leak checks.
    (8) Pump. Sample transfer pump to transport sample to analyzers.
    (9) Temperature sensor. A temperature sensor (T1) to measure the 
NO2 to NO converter temperature is required for any system 
used for testing under this subpart.
    (10) Dryer. Dryers D1 and D2 to remove the water from the bypass 
flows to prevent condensation in flowmeters FL3, FL4, and FL6.



Sec. 86.310-79  Sampling and analytical system; component specifications.

    (a) Temperature. (1) For gasoline-fueled engines any heated 
component;
    (i) In the HC sample path must be maintained above 110  deg.C (230 
deg.F) and shall not exceed 230  deg.C (446  deg.F).
    (ii) In the NOX sample path must be maintained above 60 
deg.C (140  deg.F) and shall not exceed 230  deg.C (446  deg.F).
    (2) For Diesel engines any heated component;
    (i) In the HC sample path must be maintained above 180  deg.C (356 
deg.F) and shall not exceed 230  deg.C (446  deg.F).
    (ii) In the NOX sample path must be maintained above 60 
deg.C (140  deg.F) and shall not exceed 230  deg.C (446  deg.F).

[[Page 561]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.169

    (3) The sample line outside wall temperature must be maintained at 
the temperature specified in this paragraph. An exception is made for 
the first 4 feet of sample line from the exhaust duct. The upper 
temperature tolerance for this 4 foot section is waived and only the 
minimum temperature specification applies.
    (b) Sample probe. (1) The sample probe shall be a straight, closed 
end, stainless steel, multi-hole probe. The Inside Diameter (I.D.) shall 
not be greater than the I.D. of the sample line (=.010 in.). The wall 
thickness of the probe shall not be greater than .040 inch. The fitting 
that attaches the probe to the exhaust pipe shall be as small as 
practical in order to minimize heat loss from the probe.
    (2) There shall be a minimum of three holes in the probe. The 
spacing of the radial planes for each hole in the probe must be such 
that they cover approximately equal cross-sectional areas of the exhaust 
duct. The angular spacing of the holes must be approximately equal. The 
angular spacing of any two holes in one plane may not be 180 deg. 
plus-minus20 deg. (i.e., section C-C of Figure D79-2). The 
holes should be sized such that each has approximately the same flow. If 
only three holes are used, they may not all be in the same radial plane. 
See Figure D79-2.
    (3) The probe shall extend radially across the exhaust duct. The 
probe must pass through the approximate center and must extend across at 
least 80 percent of the diameter of the duct.
    (c) Sample transfer. (1) The maximum I.D. of the sample line shall 
not exceed 0.52 inch.

[[Page 562]]

    (2) If valve V2 is used, the sample probe must connect directly to 
valve V2. The location of optional valve V2 may not be greater than 4 
feet from the exhaust duct.
    (3) The location of optional valve V16 may not be greater than 24 
inches from the sample pump. The leakage rate for this section on the 
pressure side of the sample pump may not exceed the leakage rate 
specification for the vacuum side of the pump.
    (d) Venting. All vents including analyzer vents, bypass flow, and 
pressure relief vents of regulators should be vented in such a manner to 
avoid endangering personnel in the immediate area.

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 46 FR 50495, Oct. 13, 1981, 
and 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.311-79  Miscellaneous equipment; specifications.

    (a) Chart recorders. (1) The minimum chart speed allowed is 3 inches 
per minute for gasoline-fueled engines and 0.5 inches per minute for 
Diesel engines.
    (2) When testing gasoline-fueled engines all chart recorders 
(analyzers, torque, rpm, etc.) shall be provided with Automatic markers 
which indicate one second intervals. Preprinted chart paper (one second 
intervals) may be used in lieu of the automatic markers provided the 
correct chart speed is used.
    (b) Accuracy of temperature measurements. (1) The following 
temperature measurements shall be accurate to within 1.2  deg.C:
    (i) Temperature measurements used in calculating the engine intake 
humidity:
    (ii) The temperature of the fuel in volume measuring flow rate 
devices;
    (iii) The temperature of the sample within the water trap(s).
    (2) All other temperature measurements shall be accurate within 2.5 
deg.C.
    (c) Intake air humidity and temperature measurements. (1) Humidity 
conditioned air supply. Air that has had its absolute humidity altered 
is considered humidity-conditioned air. For this type of intake air 
supply, the humidity measurements must be made within the intake air 
supply system, and after the humidity conditioning has taken place.
    (2) Nonconditioned air supply. Humidity measurements in non-
conditioned intake air supply systems must be made in the intake air 
stream entering the supply system. Alternatively, the humidity 
measurements can be measured within the intake air supply stream.
    (3) Engine intake air temperature measurement must be made within 48 
inches of the engine. The measurement location must be made either in 
the supply system or in the air stream entering the supply system.
    (d) Sample component surface temperature. For each component (pump, 
sample line section, filters, etc.) in the heated portion of the 
sampling system that has a separate source of power or heating element, 
use engineering judgment to locate the coolest portion of that component 
and monitor the temperature at that location. If several components are 
within an oven, then only the surface temperature of the component with 
the largest thermal mass and the oven temperature need be measured.
    (e) If water is removed by condensation, the sample gas temperature 
or sample dew point must be monitored either within the water trap or 
downstream. It may not exceed 7  deg.C (45  deg.F).

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 46 FR 50495, Oct. 13, 1981; 
47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.312-79  Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications.

    (a) Dynamometer. (1) The dynamometer test stand and other 
instruments for measurement of power output shall be accurate to within 
2 percent of point at all power settings above 10 percent of full-scale. 
Below 10 percent of full-scale the accuracy shall be within 5 percent of 
point. The dynamometer must be capable of performing the test cycle 
described in Sec. 86,335 or Sec. 86.336. Dynamometers used for testing 
gasoline-fueled engines must have sufficient motoring capability to meet 
the test requirements. A 60-tooth wheel in combination with a frequency 
counter shall be considered an absolute standard for engine speed.

[[Page 563]]

    (2) Dynamometer calibration weights. A minimum of 6 calibration 
weights for each range used are required. The weights must be equally 
spaced and traceable to within 0.5 percent of NBS weights. Laboratories 
located in foreign countries may certify calibration weights to local 
government bureau standards.
    (b) Engine cooling. Means of engine cooling which will maintain the 
engine operating temperatures (e.g., intake air, oil, water, etc.) at 
approximately the same temperature as specified by the manufacturer 
shall be used. Auxiliary fan(s) may be used to maintain engine cooling 
during operation on the dynamometer.
    (c) Exhaust system. (1) When testing gasoline-fueled engines:
    (i) A chassis-type exhaust system including muffler(s) shall be 
used. The exhaust system must have a single tail pipe. For engines 
designed for a dual exhaust system, a standard or specially fabricated 
``Y'' pipe may be used. The ``Y'' pipe may be located upstream of a 
single muffler or downstream of a single muffler or downstream of dual 
mufflers. The potential increase in backpressure due to the use of a 
single tail pipe instead of dual pipes may be compensated for by using 
larger than standard exhaust system components downstream of the ``Y'' 
pipe. For systems with the ``Y'' pipe upstream of the muffler, the 
backpressure at the exhaust manifold exit with the single exhaust system 
must be comparable to the standard dual exhaust system under the test 
conditions specified in Sec. 86.335.
    (ii) For all catalyst systems the distance from the exhaust manifold 
flange(s) to the catalyst shall be the same as in the vehicle 
configuration unless the manufacturer provides temperature data showing 
equivalent performance at another location.
    (iii) For catalyst systems, the probe shall be located in the single 
exhaust pipe and from 2 to 10 feet downstream of the catalyst(s) and at 
least 2 feet downstream of the ``Y'' intersection of any ``Y'' pipe (if 
used).
    (iv) For noncatalyst systems, the probe shall be located in the 
single exhaust pipe downstream of the muffler(s) and from 3 to 20 feet 
downstream from the exhaust manifold flange or turbocharger exit flange. 
The probe shall also be at least 2 feet downstream of the ``Y'' 
intersection of any ``Y'' pipe (if used).
    (v) For all exhaust systems, the probe shall be located at least 24 
inches from the end of the tail pipe. Additional exhaust pipe may be 
added to the tail pipe to meet the specification.
    (2) When testing Diesel engines, a noninsulated exhaust system 
extending 15plus-minus5 feet from the exhaust manifold, or 
the crossover junction in the case of Vee engines, shall be used. The 
exhaust back pressure must be within 0.2 inch Hg. of the upper limit at 
maximum rated horsepower, as established by the engine manufacturer in 
his sales and service literature for vehicle application. A conventional 
automotive muffler of a size and type commonly used with the engine 
being tested shall be employed in the exhaust system during smoke 
emission testing. The terminal 2 feet of the exhaust pipe shall be a 
circular cross section and be free of elbows and bends. The end of the 
pipe shall be cut off squarely. The terminal 2 feet of the exhaust pipe 
shall have a nominal inside diameter in accordance with the engine being 
tested, as specified below:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Exhaust
                                                                 pipe
                  Maximum rated horsepower                      inside
                                                               diameter
                                                               (inches)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than 101...............................................           2
101 to 200..................................................           3
201 to 300..................................................           4
301 or more.................................................           5
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52922, Nov. 14, 1978]



Sec. 86.313-79  Air flow measurement specifications; diesel engines.

    (a) The air flow measurement method used must have a range large 
enough to accurately measure the air flow over the engine operating 
range during the test. Overall measurement accuracy must be 
plus-minus2 percent of full-scale value of the measurement 
device for all modes except the idle and 2-percent modes. For the idle 
and 2-percent modes, the measurement accuracy shall be 
plus-minus5 percent or less of the full-scale value. The 
Administrator must be advised of the method used prior to testing.

[[Page 564]]

    (b) Corrections to the measured air mass-flow-rate shall be made 
when an engine system incorporates devices that add or subtract air mass 
(air injection, bleed air, etc.). The method used to determine the air 
mass from these devices shall be approved by the Administrator.
    (c) An engine air inlet system presenting an air inlet restriction 
within 1 inch of water of the upper limit for the engine operating 
condition which results in maximum air flow, as established by the 
engine manufacturer in his sales and service literature, for the Diesel 
engine being tested shall be used.



Sec. 86.314-79  Fuel flow measurement specifications.

    (a) The fuel flow rate measurement instrument must have a minimum 
accuracy of plus-minus1 percent of full-scale flow rate for 
each measurement range used. An exception for Diesel engines is allowed 
at the idle and 2-percent power points. For these modes, the minimum 
accuracy is plus-minus2 percent of full-scale flow rate for 
each measurement range used. The controlling parameters are the elapsed 
time measurement of the event and the weight or volume measurement. 
Restrictions on these parameters are:
    (1) The error in the elapsed time measurement of the event must not 
be greater than 1 percent of the absolute event time. This includes 
errors in starting and stopping the clock as well as the period of the 
clock.
    (2) For Diesel engines only, if the mass of fuel consumed is 
measured by discrete weights, then the error in the actual weight of the 
fuel consumed must not be greater than plus-minus1 percent of 
the measuring weight. An exception for Diesel engines is allowed at the 
idle and 2-percent power points. For these modes the error in the actual 
weight of the fuel consumed must not be greater than 
plus-minus2 percent of the measuring weight.
    (3) If the mass of fuel consumed is measured electronically (load 
cell, load beam, etc.), the error in the actual weight of fuel consumed 
must not be greater than plus-minus1 percent of the full-
scale value of the electronic device.
    (4) If the mass of fuel consumed is measured by volume flow and 
density, the error in the actual volume consumed must not be greater 
than plus-minus1 percent of the full-scale value of the 
volume measuring device.
    (b) For the devices that have varying mass scales (electronic 
weight, volume, density, etc.), measurements may not be used for 
calculations if the measurement is less than 20 percent of full scale.
    (c) Option. Complete flow-rate measurement systems may be used below 
20 percent of full-scale measurement as long as the combination of mass 
and time measurements indicate a flow rate that has an error of less 
than 5 percent of the absolute flow rate.



Sec. 86.315-79  General analyzer specifications.

    (a) Analyzer response time. The analyzer must respond to an 
instantaneous step change at the entrance to the analyzer with a 
response equal to 95 percent of that step change in 6.0 seconds or less 
on all ranges used. The step change shall be at least 60 percent of 
full-scale chart deflection. For NOX analyzers using a water 
trap, the response time increase due to the water trap and associated 
plumbing need not be included in the analyzer response time.
    (b) Precision. The precision of the analyzer must be no greater than 
plus-minus1 percent of full-scale concentration for each 
range used above 155 ppm (or ppm C), or plus-minus2 percent 
for each range used below 155 ppm (or ppm C). The precision is defined 
as 2.5 times the standard deviation(s) of 10 repetitive responses to a 
given calibration or span gas.
    (c) Noise. The analyzer peak-to-peak response to zero and 
calibration or span gases over any 10-second period shall not exceed 2 
percent of full/scale chart deflection on all ranges used.
    (d) Zero drift. The analyzer zero-response drift during a 1-hour 
period shall be less than 2 percent of full-scale chart deflection on 
the lowest range used. The zero-response is defined as the mean response 
including noise to a zero-gas during a 30-second time interval.
    (e) Span drift. The analyzer span drift during a 1-hour period shall 
be less

[[Page 565]]

than 2 percent of full-scale chart deflection on the lowest range used. 
The analyzer span is defined as the difference between the span-response 
and the zero-response. The span-response is defined as the mean response 
including noise to a span gas during a 30-second time interval.


(Secs. 206, 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7525, 7601(a)))

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 16917, Mar. 20, 1979]



Sec. 86.316-79  Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide analyzer specifications.

    (a) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide measurements are to be made 
with nondispersive infrared (NDIR) an analyzers.
    (b) The use of linearizing circuits is permitted.
    (c) The minimum water rejection ratio (maximum CO!2 
interference) as measured by Sec. 86.321 shall be:
    (1) For CO analyzers, 1000:1.
    (2) For CO!2 analyzers, 100:1.
    (d) The minimum CO!2 rejection ratio (maximum CO!2 
interference) as measured by Sec. 86.322 for CO analyzers shall be 
5000:1.
    (e) Zero suppression. Various techniques of zero suppression may be 
used to increase readability, but only with prior approval by the 
Administrator.



Sec. 86.317-79  Hydrocarbon analyzer specifications.

    (a) Hydrocarbon measurements are to be made with a heated flame 
ionization detector (HFID) analyzer.
    (b) Option. A non-heated flame ionization detector (FID) that 
measures hydrocarbon emissions on a dry basis is permitted for gasoline-
fueled testing; Provided, That equivalency is demonstrated to the 
Administrator. With the exception of temperatures, all specifications 
contained in subpart D apply to the optional system.
    (c) The analyzer shall be fitted with a constant temperature oven 
housing the detector and sample-handling components. It shall maintain 
temperature with 2  deg.C of the set point. The detector, oven, and 
sample-handling components within the oven shall be suitable for 
continuous operation at temperatures to 200  deg.C.
    (d) Fuel and burner air shall conform to the specifications in 
Sec. 86.308.
    (e) The percent of oxygen interference must be less than 3 percent, 
as specified in Sec. 86.331(d)(7).
    (f) Premixed burner air:
    (1) For Diesel engines, premixing a small amount of air with the 
HFID fuel prior to combustion within the HFID burner is not recommended 
as a means of improving oxygen interference (%O2 I). However, 
this procedure may be used if the engine manufacturer demonstrates on 
each basic combustion system (i.e., 4 cycle DI, 2 cycle DI, 4 cycle 
precup, etc.) that an HFID using this procedure produces comparable 
results to an HFID not using this procedure. These data must be 
submitted to the Administrator for his approval prior to testing.
    (2) For gasoline-fueled engines, premixing burner air with the HFID 
fuel is not allowed.



Sec. 86.318-79  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer specifications.

    (a) Oxides of nitrogen are to be measured with a chemiluminescense 
analyzer.
    (1) The NOX sample must be heated per Sec. 86.309(a) and 
Sec. 86.310(a) up to the NO2 to NO converter.
    (2) For high vacuum CL analyzers with heated capillary modules, 
supplying a heated sample to the capillary module is sufficient.
    (3) The NO2 to NO convertor efficiency shall be at least 
90 percent.
    (4) The quench interference must be less than 3.0 percent as 
measured in Sec. 86.327.
    (b) Option. The oxides of nitrogen may be measured with an NDIR 
analyzer system that meets the following specifications:
    (1) The system shall include an NO2 to NO converter, a 
water trap, and an NDIR analyzer in that order.
    (2) The NO2 to NO converter shall obtain a sample 
directly from the heated sample line.
    (3) The water trap shall meet the specifications in Sec. 86.311(e).
    (4) The NO NDIR analyzer shall be calibrated per Sec. 86.330.
    (5) The minimum water rejection ratio (maximum water interference)

[[Page 566]]

for the NO NDIR analyzer shall be 5,000:1 (see Sec. 86.321).
    (6) The minimum CO2 rejection ratio (maximum CO2 
interference) for the NO NDIR analyzer shall be 30,000:1 (see 
Sec. 86.322).



Sec. 86.319-79  Analyzer checks and calibrations; frequency and overview.

    (a) Prior to initial use and after major repairs, bench check each 
analyzer (see Sec. 86.320).
    (b) At least monthly during testing, check the NOX 
converter efficiency, as described in Sec. 86.332.
    (c) At least once every 30 days during testing, perform the 
following:
    (1) Leak check the pressure side of the system (see Sec. 86.328). If 
the option described in Sec. 86.328(b)(2) is used, a pressure leak check 
is not required.
    (2) Calibrate all analyzers (see Secs. 86.330 through 86.332).
    (3) Check the analysis system response time (see Sec. 86.329). If 
the option described in Sec. 86.329(b) is used, a response time check is 
not required.
    (4) Verify that the automatic data collection system (if used) meets 
the chart reading requirements found in Sec. 86.343.
    (5) Check the fuel flow measurement instrument to insure that the 
specifications in Sec. 86.314 are met. Flow meters of the tapered tube 
and float design (rotometers) or the balance beam principle need be 
checked only every 90 days.
    (d) At least once every 90 days during testing check the water 
rejection ratio and the CO2 rejection ratio on all NDIR 
analyzers (see Secs. 86.321 and 86.322).
    (e) At least once every 180 days during testing check the 
dynamometer test stand and power output instrumentation (see 
Sec. 86.333).

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 58 FR 58422, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.320-79  Analyzer bench check.

    (a) Prior to initial use and after major repairs verify that each 
analyzer complies with the following specifications:
    (1) Response time (see Sec. 86.315(a)).
    (2) Precision (see Sec. 86.315(b)).
    (3) Noise (see Sec. 86.315(c)).
    (4) Zero drift (see Sec. 86.315(d)).
    (5) Span drift (see Sec. 86.315(e)).
    (6) Water rejection ratio, NDIR analyzers only (see Secs. 86.316(c) 
and 86.318 (b)(5).
    (7) CO2 rejection ratio, NDIR analyzers only (see 
Secs. 86.316(d) and 86.318(b)(6)).
    (8) Quench check, CL analyzers only (see Sec. 86.327).
    (b) If a stainless steel NO2 to NO converter is used, 
condition all new or replacement converters. The conditioning consists 
of either purging the converter with air for a minimum of 4 hours or 
until the converter efficiency is greater than 90 percent. The converter 
must be at operational temperature while purging. Do not use this 
procedure prior to checking converter efficiency on in-use converters.



Sec. 86.321-79  NDIR water rejection ratio check.

    (a) Zero and span the analyzer on the lowest range that will be 
used.
    (b) Introduce a saturated mixture of water and zero gas at room 
temperature directly to the analyzer.
    (c) Determine and record the analyzer operating pressure (GP) in 
absolute units in pascals. Gauges G3 and G4 may be used if the values 
are converted to the correct units.
    (d) Determine and record the temperature of the zero-gas mixture.
    (e) Record the analyzers' response (AR) in ppm to the saturated 
zero-gas mixture.
    (f) For the temperature recorded in step (d), determine the 
saturation vapor presssure (PWB) from Sec. 86.344(d).
    (g) Calculate the water concentration (Z) in the mixture from:


Z = (PWB/GP)(106)

    (h) Calculate the water rejection ratio (WRR) from:


WRR = (Z/AR)



Sec. 86.322-79  NDIR CO2 rejection ratio check.

    (a) Zero and span the analyzer on the lowest range that will be 
used.
    (b) Introduce a CO2 calibration gas of at least 10 
percent CO2 or greater to the analyzer.
    (c) Record the CO2 calibration gas concentration in ppm.
    (d) Record the analyzers' response (AR) in ppm to the CO2 
calibration gas.

[[Page 567]]

    (e) Calculate the CO2 rejection ratio (CO2RR) 
from:


CO2RR = (ppm CO2)/AR



Sec. 86.327-79  Quench checks; NOX analyzer.

    (a) Perform the reaction chamber quench check for each model of high 
vacuum reaction chamber analyzer prior to initial use.
    (b) Perform the reaction chamber quench check for each new analyzer 
that has an ambient pressure or ``soft vacuum'' reaction chamber prior 
to initial use. Additionally, perform this check prior to reusing an 
analyzer of this type any time any repairs could potentially alter any 
flow rate into the reaction chamber. This includes, but is not limited 
to, sample capillary, ozone capillary, and if used, dilution capillary.
    (c) Quench check as follows:
    (1) Calibrate the NOX analyzer on the lowest range that 
will be used for testing.
    (2) Introduce a mixture of CO2 calibration gas and 
NOX calibration gas to the CL analyzer. Dynamic blending may 
be used to provide this mixture. Dynamic blending may be accomplished by 
analyzing the CO2 in the mixture. The change in the CO2 
value due to blending may then be used to determine the true 
concentration of the NOX in the mixture. The CO2 
concentration of the mixture shall be approximately equal to the highest 
concentration experienced during testing. Record the response.
    (3) Recheck the calibration. If it has changed more than 
plus-minus1 percent of full scale, recalibrate and repeat the 
quench check.
    (4) Prior to testing, the difference between the calculated 
NOX response and the response of NOX in the 
presence of CO2 (step 2) must not be greater than 3.0 percent 
of full-scale. The calculated NOX response is based on the 
calibration performed in step (1).


(Secs. 206, 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7525, 7601(a)))

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 16917, Mar. 20, 1979]



Sec. 86.328-79  Leak checks.

    (a) Vacuum side leak check. (1) Any location within the analysis 
system where a vacuum leak could affect the test results must be 
checked.
    (2) The maximum allowable leakage rate on the vacuum side is 0.5 
percent of the in-use flow rate for the portion of the system being 
checked. the analyzer flows and bypass flows may be used to estimate the 
in-use flow rates.
    (3) The sample probe and the connection between the sample probe and 
valve V2 (Figure D79-1) may be excluded from the leak check.
    (b) Pressure side leak check. (1) The maximum allowable leakage rate 
on the pressure side in 5 percent of the in-use flow rate.
    (2) Option: If the flow rate for each flow meter is equal to or 
greater than the flow rate recorded in Sec. 86.329(b)(1)(ii), then a 
pressure side leak check is not required.



Sec. 86.329-79  System response time; check procedure.

    (a) Check the system response time by the following procedure:
    (1) Stabilize the operating temperature of the sample line, sample 
pump, and heated filters.
    (2) Introduce an HC span gas into the sampling system at the sample 
probe or valve V2 at atmospheric pressure. Simultaneously, start the 
time measurement.
    (3) When the HC instrument response is 95 percent of the span gas 
concentration used, stop the time measurement.
    (4) If the elapsed time is more than 20.0 seconds, make necessary 
adjustments.
    (5) Repeat with the CO, CO2, and NOX 
instruments and span gases.
    (b) Option. If the following parameters are determined, the initial 
system response time may be generally applied to future checks.
    (1) Analyzer and bypass flow rates. (i) Determine by experimentation 
the minimum analyzer and bypass flow rates individually and in 
combination that will produce a response time as close as possible to 
20.0 seconds per paragraph (a) of this section.
    (ii) Record the highest minimum flow rate for each flow meter as 
determined in step (i).

[[Page 568]]

    (2) Capillary flow analyzers. This procedure is applicable only to 
analyzers that have sample capillaries such as the HFID and CL 
analyzers. It is also assumed that the system has sample/span valves 
that perform the function of valves V9 and V13 in Figure D79-1.
    (i) Operate the analyzer(s) at the in-use capillary pressure.
    (ii) Adjust the bypass flow rate to the flow rate recorded in 
paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (iii) Measure and record the response time from the sample/span 
valve(s) per paragraph (a) of this section.
    (iv) The response time (step (iii)) can be determined by switching 
from the ``sample'' position to the ``span'' position of the sample/span 
valve and observing the analyzer response on a chart recorder. Normally, 
the ``sample'' position would select a ``room air'' sample and the 
``span'' position would select a span gas.
    (v) Adjust the bypass flow rate to the normal in-use value.
    (vi) Measure and record the response time from the sample/span 
valve(s) per paragraph (a) of this section.
    (vii) Determine the slowest response time (step (iii) or step (iv)) 
and add 2 seconds to it.



Sec. 86.330-79  NDIR analyzer calibration.

    (a) Detector optimization. If necessary, follow the manufacturer's 
instructions for initial start-up and basic operating adjustments.
    (b) Calibration curve. Develop a calibration curve for each range 
used as follows:
    (1) Zero the analyzer.
    (2) Span the analyzer to give a response of approximately 90 percent 
of full-scale chart deflection.
    (3) Recheck the zero response. If it has changed more than 0.5 
percent of full scale, repeat steps (1) and (2).
    (4) Record the response of calibration gases having nominal 
concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of full-scale 
concentration.
    (5) Generate a calibration curve. The calibration curve shall be of 
fourth order or less, have five or fewer coefficients, and be of the 
form of equation (1) or (2). Include zero as a data point. Compensation 
for known impurities in the zero gas can be made to the zero-data point. 
The calibration curve must fit the data points within 2 percent of point 
or 1 percent of full scale, whichever is less.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.078

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.079

where:

y = concentration
x = chart deflection

    (6) Option. A new calibration curve need not be generated if: (i) A 
calibration curve conforming to step (5) exists; (ii) The responses 
generated in step (4) are within 1 percent of full scale or 2 percent of 
point, whichever is less, of the responses predicted by the calibration 
curve for the gases used in step (4).
    (7) If multiple range analyzers are used, only the lowest range must 
meet the curve fit requirements below 15 percent of full scale.
    (c) If any range is within 2 percent of being linear a linear 
calibration may be used. To determine if this criterion is met:
    (1) Perform a linear least-square regression on the data generated. 
Use an equation of the form y = mx, where x is the actual chart 
deflection and y is the concentration.
    (2) Use the equation z = y/m to find the linear chart deflection (z) 
for each calibration gas concentration (y).
    (3) Determine the linearity (%L ) for each calibration gas by:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.080
    

[[Page 569]]


    (4) The linearity criterion is met if the %L is less than 
plus-minus2 percent for each data point generated. For each 
emission test, a calibration curve of the form Y = mx is to be used. The 
slope (m) is defined for each range by the spanning process.

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 46 FR 50495, Oct. 13, 1981; 
47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.331-79  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    The following steps are followed in sequence to calibrate the 
hydrocarbon analyzer. It is suggested, but not required, that efforts be 
made to minimize relative response variations.
    (a) If necessary, follow manufacturer's instructions for instrument 
start-up and basic operating adjustments.
    (b) Set the oven temperature 5  deg.C hotter than the required 
sample-line temperature. Allow at least one-half hour after the oven has 
reached temperature for the system to equilibrate.
    (c) Initial fuel flow adjustment. With the fuel and air-flow rates 
set at the manufacturer's recommendations, introduce a 350 
ppmCplus-minus75 ppmC span gas to the detector. Determine the 
response at a given fuel flow from the difference between the span-gas 
response and the zero-gas response. Incrementally adjust the fuel flow 
above and below the manufacturer's specification. Record the span and 
zero response at these fuel flows. A plot of the difference between the 
span and zero response versus fuel flow will be similar to the one shown 
in Fig. D79-3.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.170


Adjust the fuel-flow rate to the rich side of the curve, as shown. This 
is initial flow-rate setting and may not be the final optimized flow 
rate.
    (d) Oxygen interference optimization. Choose a range where the 
oxygen interference check gases (see Sec. 86.308) will fall in the upper 
50 percent. Conduct this test with the oven temperature set as required. 
Oxygen interference check gas specifications are found in Sec. 86.308.
    (1) Zero the analyzer.
    (2) Span the analyzer with the zero-percent oxygen blend for 
gasoline-fueled engines. Diesel engine instruments shall be spanned with 
the 21-percent oxygen blend.
    (3) Recheck zero response. If it has changed more than 0.5 percent 
of full scale repeat paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this section.
    (4) Introduce the 5 percent and 10 percent oxygen interference check 
gases.
    (5) Recheck the zero response. If it has changed more 
plus-minus1 percent of full scale, repeat the test.
    (6) Calculate the percent of oxygen interference (%O2I) 
for each mixture in step (4).

[[Page 570]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.081

A = hydrocarbon concentration (ppmC) of the span gas used in step (2).
B = hydrocarbon concentration (ppmC) of the oxygen interference check 
gases used in step (4).

    (7) The percent of oxygen interference (%O2I) must be 
less than plus-minus3.0 percent for all required oxygen 
interference check gases prior to testing.
    (8) If the oxygen interference is greater than the specifications, 
incrementally adjust the air flow above and below the manufacturer's 
specifications, repeating paragraphs (d) (1) through (7) of this section 
for each flow.
    (9) If the oxygen interference is greater than the specification 
after adjusting the air flow, vary the fuel flow and thereafter the 
sample flow, repeating paragraphs (d) (1) through (7) of this section 
for each new setting.
    (10) If the oxygen interference is still greater than the 
specifications, repair or replace the analyzer, FID fuel, or burner air 
prior to testing. Repeat this section with the repaired or replaced 
equipment or gases.
    (e) Linearity check. For each range used, check linearity as 
follows:
    (1) With the fuel flow, air flow and sample flow adjust to meet the 
oxygen interference specification, zero the analyzer.
    (2) Span the analyzer using a calibration gas that will provide a 
response of approximately 90 percent of full-scale concentration.
    (3) Recheck the zero response. If it has changed more than 0.5 
percent of full scale, repeat steps (1) and (2).
    (4) Record the response of calibration gases having nominal 
concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 percent of full-scale concentration. It 
is permitted to use additional concentrations.
    (5) Perform a linear least square regression on the data generated. 
Use an equation of the form y = mx, where x is the actual chart 
deflection and y is the concentration.
    (6) Use the equation z = y/m to find the linear chart deflection (z) 
for each calibration gas concentration (y).
    (7) Determine the linearity (%L) for each calibration gas by:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.082
    
    (8) The linearity criterion is met if the %L is less than 
plus-minus2 percent for each data point generated. Below 40 
ppmC the linearity criterion may be expanded to plus-minus4 
percent. For each emission test, a calibration curve of the form y = mx 
is to be used. The slope (m) is defined for each range by the spanning 
process.
    (9) If the %L for any point exceeds the specifications in step (8), 
the air, fuel, and sample-flow rates may be varied within the boundaries 
of the oxygen interference specifications.
    (10) If the %L for any data point still exceeds the specifications, 
repair or replace the analyzer, FID fuel, burner air, or calibration 
bottles prior to testing. Repeat the procedures of this section with the 
repaired or replaced equipment or gases.
    (f) Optimized flow rates. The fuel-flow rate, air-flow rate and 
sample-flow rate

[[Page 571]]

are defined as ``optimized'' at this point.



Sec. 86.332-79  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.

    (a) At least monthly during testing, perform a converter efficiency 
check as described in paragraph (b) of this section. Perform a monthly 
linearity check as described in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (b) Converter-efficiency check. The apparatus described and 
illustrated in Figure D79-4 is to be used to determine the conversion 
efficiency of devices that convert NO2 to NO. The following 
procedure is to be used in determining the values to be used in the 
equation below:
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument startup 
and operation.
    (2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer.
    (3) Connect the outlet of the NOX generator (see Figure 
D79-4) to the sample inlet of the oxides of nitrogen analyzer which has 
been set to the most common operating range.
    (4) Introduce into the NOX generator-analyzer system a 
span gas with a NO concentration equal to approximately 80 percent of 
the most common operating range.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.171


[[Page 572]]


    (5) With the oxides of nitrogen analyzer in the NO Mode, record the 
concentration of NO indicated by the analyzer.
    (6) Turn on the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply and adjust the O2 (or air) flow rate so that the NO 
indicated by the analyzer is about 10 percent less than indicated in 
step (5). Record the concentration of NO in this NO+O2 
mixture.
    (7) Switch the NOX generator to the generation mode and 
adjust the generation rate so that the NO measured on the analyzer is 20 
percent of that measured in step (5). There must be at least 10 percent 
unreacted NO at this point. Record the concentration of residual NO.
    (8) Switch the oxides of nitrogen analyzer to the NOX 
mode and measure total NOX. Record this value.
    (9) Switch off the NOX generation, but maintain gas flow 
through the system. The oxides of nitrogen analyzer will indicate the 
total NOX in the NO+O2 mixture. Record this value.
    (10) Turn off the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply. The analyzer will now indicate the total NOX in the 
original NO in N2 mixture. This value should be no more than 
5 percent above the value indicated in step (4).
    (11) Calculate the efficiency of the NOX converter by 
substituting the concentrations obtained into the following equation:

Percent Efficiency=[1+(a-b)/(c-d)] x 100
where:
a=concentration obtained in step (8).
b=concentration obtained in step (9).
c=concentration obtained in step (6).
d=concentration obtained in step (7).


The efficiency of the converter shall be greater than 90 percent. 
Adjustment of the converter temperature may be necessary to maximize the 
efficiency. If the converter does not meet the conversion-efficiency 
specifications, repair or replace the unit prior to testing. Repeat the 
procedures of this section with the repaired or new converter.
    (c) Linearity check. For each range used, check linearity as 
follows:
    (1) With the operating parameters adjusted to meet the converter 
efficiency check and the quench checks, zero the analyzer.
    (2) Span the analyzer using a calibration gas that will give a 
response of approximately 90 percent of full-scale concentration.
    (3) Recheck the zero response. If it has changed more than 0.5 
percent of full scale, repeat steps (1) and (2).
    (4) Record the response of calibration gases having nominal 
concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 percent of full-scale concentration. It 
is permitted to use additional concentrations.
    (5) Perform a linear least-square regression on the data generated. 
Use an equation of the form y=mx where x is the actual chart deflection 
and y is the concentration.
    (6) Use the equation z=y/m to find the linear chart deflection (z) 
for each calibration gas concentration (y).
    (7) Determine the linearity (%L) for each calibration gas by:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.083
    
    (8) The linearity criterion is met if the %L is less than 
plus-minus2 percent of each data point generated. For each 
emission test, a calibration curve of the form y=mx is to be used. The 
slope (m) is defined for each range by the spanning process.
    (9) If the %L exceeds plus-minus2 percent for any data 
point generated, repair or replace the analyzer or calibration bottles 
prior to testing. Repeat the procedures of this section with the 
repaired or replaced equipment or gases.
    (10) Perform a converter-efficiency check (see paragraph (b) of this 
section).
    (11) The operating parameters are defined as ``optimized'' at this 
point.

[[Page 573]]

    (d)-(e) [Reserved]

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 46 FR 50495, Oct. 13, 1981; 
47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982; 52 FR 47869, Dec. 16, 1987; 58 FR 58423, Nov. 
1, 1993]



Sec. 86.333-79  Dynamometer calibration.

    (a) If necessary, follow the manufacturer's instructions for initial 
start-up and basic operating adjustments.
    (b) Check the dynamometer torque measurement for each range used by 
the following:
    (1) Warm up the dynamometer following the equipment manufacturer's 
specifications.
    (2) Determine the dynamometer calibration moment arm. Equipment 
manufacturer's data, actual measurement, or the value recorded from the 
previous calibration used for this subpart may be used.
    (3) Calculate the indicated torque (IT) for each calibration weight 
to be used by:

IT = calibration weight (lb) x calibration moment arm (ft)

    (4) Attach each calibration weight specified in Sec. 86.312 to the 
moment arm at the calibration distance determined in step (2). Record 
the power measurement equipment response (ft-lb) to each weight.
    (5) For each calibration weight, compare the torque value measured 
in step (4) to the calculated torque determined in step (3).
    (6) The measured torque must be within 2 percent of the calculated 
torque.
    (7) If the measured torque is not within 2 percent of the calculated 
torque, adjust or repair the system. Repeat steps (1) through (6) with 
the adjusted or repaired system.
    (c) Option. A master load-cell or transfer standard may be used to 
verify the in-use torque measurement system.
    (1) The master load-cell and read out system must be calibrated with 
weights at each test weight specified in Sec. 86.312-79. The calibration 
weights must be traceable to within 0.1 percent of NBS weights.
    (2) Warm up the dynamometer following the equipment manufacturer's 
specifications.
    (3) Attach the master load-cell and loading system.
    (4) Load the dynamometer to a minimum of 6 equally spaced torque 
values as indicated by the master load-cell for each in-use range used.
    (5) The in-use torque measurement must be within 2 percent of the 
torque measured by the master system for each load used.
    (6) If the in-use torque is not within 2 percent of the master 
torque, adjust or repair the system. Repeat step (2) through step (5) 
with the adjusted or repaired system.
    (d) The dynamometer calibration must be completed within 2 hours 
from the completion of the dynamometer warm-up.



Sec. 86.334-79  Test procedure overview.

    (a) The test consists of prescribed sequences of engine operating 
conditions to be conducted on an engine dynamometer. The exhaust gases 
generated during engine operation are sampled for specific component 
analysis through the analytical train. The test is applicable to engines 
equipped with catalytic or direct-flame afterburners, induction system 
modifications, or other systems, or to uncontrolled engines.
    (b) The tests are designed to determine the brake-specific emissions 
of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. The gasoline-
fueled engine test consists of 1 warm-up cycle and 1 hot cycle. The 
Diesel engine test consists of 3 idle modes and 5 power modes at each of 
2 speeds which span the typical operating range of Diesel engines. These 
procedures require the determination of the concentration of each 
pollutant, the fuel flow and the power output during each mode. The 
measured values are weighted and used to calculate the grams of each 
pollutant emitted per brake-horsepower hour.
    (c)(1) When an engine is tested for exhaust emissions or is operated 
for service accumulation on an engine dynamometer, the complete engine 
shall be tested, with all emission control devices installed and 
functioning.
    (2) Evaporative emission controls need not be connected if data are 
provided to show that normal operating

[[Page 574]]

conditions are maintained in the engine induction system.
    (3) On air cooled engines, the fan shall be installed.
    (4) Additional accessories (e.g., oil cooler, alternators, air 
compressors, etc.) may be installed with advance approval by the 
Administrator.
    (d) All emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a 
new motor vehicle engine shall be functioning during all procedures in 
this subpart. In cases of component malfunction or failure, maintenance 
to correct component failure or malfunction shall be authorized in 
accordance with Sec. 86.079-25.



Sec. 86.335-79  Gasoline-fueled engine test cycle.

    (a) The following test sequence shall be followed in dynamometer 
operation tests of gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines. Diesel engines 
are covered in Sec. 86.336.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                        Observed
                                                                                                         torque      Time in     Cumulative
                Cycle No.                            Mode No.                        Mode             (percent of     mode-        time-      Weighting
                                                                                                        maximum      seconds      seconds      factors
                                                                                                       observed)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................................  1...........................  Idle.......................  ...........           60           60        0.232
1........................................  2...........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          120         .077
1........................................  3...........................  PTA........................           55           60          180         .147
1........................................  4...........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          240         .077
1........................................  5...........................  PTD........................           10           60          300         .057
1........................................  6...........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          360         .077
1........................................  7...........................  FL.........................           90           60          420         .113
1........................................  8...........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          480         .077
1........................................  9...........................  CT.........................  ...........           60          540         .143
2........................................  10..........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          600         .077
2........................................  11..........................  PTA........................           55           60          660         .147
2........................................  12..........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          720         .077
2........................................  13..........................  PTD........................           10           60          780         .057
2........................................  14..........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          840         .077
2........................................  15..........................  FL.........................           90           60          900         .113
2........................................  16..........................  Cruise.....................           25           60          960         .077
2........................................  17..........................  CT.........................  ...........           60        1,020         .143
2........................................  18..........................  Idle.......................  ...........           60        1,080         .232
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Except for idles, the engine dynamometer shall be operated at a 
constant speed of 2000 rpmplus-minus100 rpm. Speed 
deviations, not to exceed 200 rpm, will be allowed during the first 10 
seconds of each mode.
    (c) The times in-mode specified in paragraph (a) for the CT modes 
are plus-minus2 seconds. All other times in-mode are 
plus-minus4 seconds.
    (d) The first 35 seconds of each 60 second engine power mode is 
allowed for engine-dynamometer stabilization. After this stabilization 
period the torque must be held at the specified value 
plus-minus5 percent until the exhaust gas analysis period. 
During the exhaust gas analysis period, the last 10 seconds of each 
nonclosed throttle mode the engine torque must be at the specified value 
plus-minus2 percent of the maximum torque observed. For 
example, mode 3 torque shall be held between 53 and 57 percent of 
maximum torque (55plus-minus2 percent) during the exhaust 
analysis period. Prior to the analysis period but excluding the first 35 
seconds of the mode, the torque shall be held between 50 and 60 percent 
of maximum torque (55%plus-minus5%).
    (e) The idle operating mode shall be carried out at the 
manufacturer's recommended curb-idle engine speed. Arrive at the last 
idle mode by closing the throttle, braking the dynamometer to the engine 
idle speed, and unloading the dynamometer.
    (f) The CT operating mode shall be carried out at the same engine 
speed as specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (g) If the Administrator determines that an engine shall be tested 
as an automatic transmission code engine, then a load shall be applied 
by the dynamometer during the idle modes (1 and 18) such that the engine 
speed is decreased from the recommended dynamometer-idle speed to the 
recommended curb-idle speed. The engine

[[Page 575]]

idle torque recorded for the calculations in Sec. 86.345 shall be zero.
    (h) If the operating conditions specified in paragraph (a) of this 
section for modes 2 through 8, and 10 through 16 cannot be maintained, 
the Administrator may authorize deviations from the specified load 
conditions. Such deviations shall not exceed 5 percent of the maximum 
torque at the test speed. The minimum deviations, above and below the 
specified load, necessary for stable operation shall be determined by 
the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator prior to the test 
run. Emission tests shall be performed by operating the engine at the 
higher approved load setting during cycle 1 and at the lower approved 
load setting during cycle 2. The weighting factors shall be as specified 
in paragraph (a) of this section.


(Secs. 206, 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7525, 7601(a)))

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 16917, Mar. 20, 1979; 
47 FR 49813, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.336-79  Diesel engine test cycle.

    (a) The following 13-mode cycle shall be followed in dynamometer 
operation tests of heavy-duty Diesel engines. Gasoline-fueled engines 
are covered in Sec. 86.335.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                        Observed    Time in mode (minutes)
                                                                                                         torque   --------------------------   Maximum
               Test Segment                          Mode No.                    Engine Speed         (percent of                             cumulative
                                                                                                        maximum      Minimum      Maximum        time
                                                                                                       observed)                              (minutes)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................................  1...........................  Curb-idle..................  ...........          4.5          6.0
1........................................  2...........................  Intermediate...............            2          4.5          6.0
1........................................  3...........................  ......do...................           25          4.5          6.0
1........................................  4...........................  ......do...................           50          4.5          6.0           42
1........................................  5...........................  ......do...................           75          4.5          6.0
1........................................  6...........................  ......do...................          100          4.5          6.0
1........................................  7...........................  Curb-idle..................  ...........          4.5          6.0
2........................................  8...........................  Rated......................          100          4.5          6.0
2........................................  9...........................  ......do...................           75          4.5          6.0
2........................................  10..........................  ......do...................           50          4.5          6.0           36
2........................................  11..........................  ......do...................           25          4.5          6.0
2........................................  12..........................  ......do...................            2          4.5          6.0
2........................................  13..........................  Curb-idle..................  ...........          4.5          6.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) During each mode the specified speed shall be held to within 50 
rpm. Torque for each mode must be held at the specified value 
plus-minus2 percent of the maximum torque observed. For 
example, mode 4 torque shall be held between 48 and 52 percent of 
maximum torque (50 plus-minus2%).
    (c) If the operating conditions specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section for modes 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, and 11 cannot be maintained, the 
Administrator may authorize deviations from the specified load 
conditions. Such deviations shall not exceed 10 percent of the maximum 
torque at the test speed. The minimum deviations, above and below the 
specified load, necessary for stable operation shall be determined by 
the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator prior to the test 
run. Emission tests shall be performed at each of the approved load 
settings, one above and one below the operating conditions specified in 
paragraph (a) of this section. The emission values obtained shall be 
calculated in accordance with Sec. 86.345 except that the weighting 
factor shall be 0.04.
    (d) If the Administrator determines that an engine shall be tested 
as an automatic transmission code engine, then a load shall be applied 
by the dynamometer during the idle modes (1, 7, and 13) such that the 
engine speed is decreased from the recommended dynamometer-idle speed to 
the recommended curb-idle speed. The engine-idle torque recorded for the 
calculations in Sec. 86.345 shall be zero.



Sec. 86.337-79  Information.

    The following information, as applicable, shall be recorded for each 
test:

[[Page 576]]

    (a) Engine description and specification. A copy of the information 
specified in this paragraph must accompany each engine sent to the 
Administrator for compliance testing. The manufacturer need not record 
the information specified in this paragraph for each test if the 
information, with the exception of paragraphs (a) (3), (12), and (13), 
is included in the manufacturer's Part I.
    (1) Engine-system combination.
    (2) Engine identification numbers.
    (3) Number of hours of operation accumulated on engine.
    (4) Rated maximum horsepower and torque.
    (5) Maximum horsepower and torque speeds.
    (6) Engine displacement.
    (7) Governed speed.
    (8) Manufacturer's start-up and warm-up reference, (gasoline-fueled 
engines only).
    (9) Curb-idle rpm.
    (10) Dynamometer-idle rpm (automatic transmission code engines 
only).
    (11) Maximum horsepower at 2000 rpm (gasoline-fueled engines only).
    (12) Fuel consumption and maximum torque at 2000 rpm (gasoline-
fueled engines only).
    (13) Fuel consumption at maximum power and torque (Diesel engines 
only).
    (14) Maximum air flow (Diesel engines only).
    (15) Air inlet restriction (Diesel engines only).
    (16) Exhaust pipe diameter(s) (Diesel engines only).
    (17) Maximum exhaust system back pressure (Diesel engines only).
    (18) Maximum exhaust system back pressure at 2000 rpm, if applicable 
(gasoline-fueled engines only).
    (b) Test data; general. This information may be recorded at any time 
between 4 hours prior to the test and 4 hours after the test.
    (1) Engine-system combination.
    (2) Engine identification number.
    (3) Instrument operator.
    (4) Engine operator.
    (5) Number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine prior to 
beginning the warm-up portion of the test.
    (6) Fuel identification.
    (7) Date of most recent analytical assembly calibration.
    (8) All pertinent instrument information such as tuning, gain, 
serial numbers, detector number, calibration curve numbers, etc. As long 
as this information is traceable, it may be summarized by system number 
or analyzer identification numbers.
    (c) Test data; pre-test. (1) Date and time of day.
    (2) Test number.
    (3) Ambient temperature in dynamometer testing room (gasoline-fueled 
engines only).
    (4) Barometric pressure, pre-test for gasoline-fueled engines, pre-
test segment for Diesel engines.
    (5) Engine intake humidity, pre-test for gasoline-fueled engines, 
pre-test segment for Diesel engines with non-conditioned air supply 
systems.
    (6) Maximum observed torque for intermediate and rated speeds 
(Diesel engines only).
    (7) Maximum observed torque at 2000 rpm (gasoline-fueled engines 
only).
    (8) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test (test 
segment for Diesel engines) zero traces for each range used, and span 
traces for each range used.
    (d) Test data; modal. (1) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for 
each test mode the emission concentration traces and the associated 
analyzer range(s). The start and finish of each test.
    (2) Observed engine torque.
    (3) Observed engine rpm.
    (4) Record engine torque and engine rpm continuously with a chart 
recorder or equivalent recording device.
    (5) Intake air flow and depression for each mode (Diesel engines 
only).
    (6) Engine intake air temperature for each mode (Diesel engines 
only).
    (7) Fuel flow for each mode. If the fuel flow measurement is a 
volume measurement system, record the fuel temperature in the 
measurement system for fuel density corrections to the mass flow rate. 
If the fuel temperature is within 3  deg.C (5.4  deg.F) of the 
calibration temperature, no density correction is required.
    (8) Engine intake humidity (only for Diesel engines with humidity 
conditioned air supply).

[[Page 577]]

    (e) Test data; post-test. (1) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify 
the hang-up check.
    (2) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify the zero traces for each 
range used and the span traces for each range used.
    (3) Ambient temperature in the dynamometer testing room (gasoline-
fueled engines only).
    (4) Total number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine.

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 46 FR 50495, Oct. 13, 1981; 
47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.338-79  Exhaust measurement accuracy.

    (a) The analyzers must be operated between 15 percent and 100 
percent of full-scale chart deflection during the measurement of the 
emissions for each mode. The exceptions to the lower limit of this 
operating rule are:
    (1) The analyzer's response may be less than 15 percent of full-
scale if the full-scale value is 155 ppm (or ppm C) or less.
    (2) Option. For CO analysis the analyzer's response may be less than 
15 percent of full scale if the full-scale value is 5500 ppm or less.
    (3) The analyzer's response may be less than 15 percent of full 
scale if the emissions from the engine are erratic and the average 
chart-deflection value is greater than 15 percent of full scale.
    (4) For gasoline-fueled engines, the analyzer's response may be less 
than 15 percent of full scale during the initial part of the CT mode 
provided that average chart-deflection value is greater than 15 percent 
of full scale.
    (5) The analyzer's response may be less than 15 percent of full 
scale if the contribution of all modes read below the 15 percent level 
is less than 10 percent by mass of the final test results.
    (6) The HC analyzer's response may be less than 15 percent of full-
scale when transient emissions (spikes) can be reasonably expected to 
exceed 90 percent of full-scale. Higher analyzer ranges may be used 
provided that the precision and linearity of the analyzer at the level 
of the readings below 15 percent meets the specifications of the range 
that would be required if the transient emissions did not exist.
    (b) [Reserved]


(Secs. 206, 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7525, 7601(a)))

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 16917, Mar. 20, 1979; 
46 FR 50495, Oct. 13, 1981, and 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.339-79  Pre-test procedures.

    (a) Allow a minimum of 30 minutes warm-up in the stand-by or 
operating mode prior to spanning the analyzers.
    (b) Replace or clean the filter elements and then vacuum leak check 
the system, Sec. 86.328(a). A pressure leak check is also permitted per 
Sec. 86.328(b). Allow the heated sample line, filters, and pumps to 
reach operating temperature.
    (c) Perform the following system checks:
    (1) If a stainless steel NO2 to NO converter is used, 
prior to gasoline-fueled engine tests, purge the converter with air 
(zero-grade air, room air, or O2) for a minimum of 30 
minutes. The converter must be at operational temperature while purging.
    (2) Check the sample-line temperature (see Sec. 86.310).
    (3) Check the system response time (see Sec. 86.329). System 
response time may be applied from the most recent check of response time 
if all of the following are met:
    (i) The flow rate for each flow meter is equal to or greater than 
the flow rate recorded in Sec. 86.329(b)(1)(ii).
    (ii) For analyzers with capillaries, the response time from the 
sample/span valve is measured using in-use pressures and bypass flows 
(see Sec. 86.329(b)(2)).
    (iii) The response time measured in step (ii) is equal to or less 
than the response time determined in Sec. 86.329(b)(2)(vii).
    (4) A hang-up check is permitted.
    (5) A converter-efficiency check is permitted. The check need not 
conform to Sec. 86.332(b). The test procedure may be aborted at this 
point in the procedure in order to repair the NO2 to NO 
converter. If the test is aborted, the converter must pass the 
efficiency check described in Sec. 86.332(b) prior to starting the 
dynamometer test run.
    (d) Introduce the zero-grade gases at the same flow rates and 
pressures used

[[Page 578]]

to calibrate the analyzers and zero the analyzers on the lowest 
anticipated range that will be used during the test. Immediately prior 
to each test (segment, for Diesel engines), obtain a stable zero for 
each anticipated range that will be used during the test.
    (e) Introduce span gases to the instruments under the same flow 
conditions as were used for the zero gases. Adjust the instrument gains 
on the lowest range that will be used to give the desired value. Span 
gases should have a concentration greater than 70 percent of full scale 
for each range used. Immediately prior to each test and also prior to 
each segment of the Diesel test, record the response to the span gas and 
the span-gas concentration for each range that will be used during the 
test.
    (f) Check the zero responses. If they have changed more than 0.5 
percent of full scale, repeat paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section.
    (g) Check system flow rates and pressures. Note the values of gauges 
G3 and G4 for reference during the test.



Sec. 86.340-79  Gasoline-fueled engine dynamometer test run.

    (a) This section applies to gasoline-fueled engines only. Diesel 
engines are covered in Sec. 86.341.
    (b)(1) Mount test engine on the engine dynamometer.
    (2) Install instrumentation and sample probe.
    (3) Read and record the general test data as specified in 
Sec. 86.337(b).
    (c) Precondition the engine by the following continuous steps:
    (1) The engine shall be started and operated at:
    (i) Zero load in accordance with the manufacturer's start-up and 
warm-up procedures for 1 minute plus-minus30 sec;
    (ii) A torque equivalent to 10plus-minus3 percent of the 
most recent determination of maximum torque for 4 minutes 
plus-minus30 second at 2,000 rpm. This torque level may be 
exceeded if the choke and fast idle cam mechanism would normally result 
in a stabilized idle speed in excess of 2,000 rpm.
    (iii) A torque equivalent to 55plus-minus5 percent of the 
most recent determination of maximum torque for 35 minutes 
plus-minus1 minute at 2000 rpm;
    (iv) Option. If the engine has been operating on service 
accumulation for a minimum of 40 minutes, the service accumulation may 
be substituted for steps (i) through (iii).
    (2) If tested under the provisions of Sec. 86.079-29, check 
specifications as required. This check must be performed within 20 
minutes after completion of engine preconditioning;
    (3) Determine the maximum torque of the engine at 2000 rpm 
plus-minus100 rpm;
    (i) Operate the engine with the throttle fully opened for a maximum 
of three minutes. During the second minute of operation, record the high 
and low torque readings. The average of these two readings will be the 
maximum torque value at 2000 rpm.
    (ii) Calculate the torque corresponding to 10, 25, 55, and 90 
percent of the observed maximum torque value.
    (4) Determine the analyzer ranges required for each mode specified 
in Sec. 86.335 to meet the range specifications of Sec. 86.338. Prior to 
determining the range selection, the automatic dynamometer controller, 
if used, may be calibrated for the prevailing ambient conditions. The 
engine must not be operated for more than 30 minutes. Cycle 1, or cycles 
1 and 2, specified in Sec. 86.335, may be used for this purpose.
    (5) The engine shall be turned off and allowed to stand for at least 
1 hour, but not more than 2 hours, at an average ambient temperature of 
25  deg.Cplus-minus5  deg.C (77  deg.Fplus-minus9 
deg.F).
    (d) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Maintain dynamometer test cell average ambient temperature at 25 
 deg.Cplus-minus5  deg.C (77  deg.Fplus-minus9 
deg.F);
    (2) Observe pre-test procedures; Sec. 86.339;
    (3) Start cooling system;
    (4) Start engine and operate in accordance with manufacturer's 
start-up and warm-up procedures. The duration of the warm-up procedures 
shall be 5 minutes plus-minus30 seconds. Sample flow may 
begin during the warm-up;
    (5) Read and record all pre-test data specified in Sec. 86.337(c) 
during the 5 minute warm-up;
    (6) Release the choke idle-stop (if necessary) and return the engine 
throttle control to the curb-idle position, start sample flow and 
recorders if not

[[Page 579]]

already started, and begin test sequence of Sec. 86.335;
    (7) Should it be determined that the test must be rerun, then only 
the soak specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section need be performed 
prior to paragraph (d) of this section;
    (8) Perform the test cycle, Sec. 86.335, and continuously record 
exhaust gas concentrations;
    (9) Read and record all modal data specified in Sec. 86.337(d) 
during the test cycle;
    (10) The engine speed and load must be maintained within the 
requirements of Sec. 86.343;
    (11) If at any time during a test, the test equipment malfunctions 
or the specifications in paragraph (d)(10) of this section are not met, 
the test is void, and may be aborted. The test sequence may be restarted 
under the provisions of paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
    (e) Exhaust gas measurements. (1) Measure HC, CO, CO2, 
and NOX volume concentration in the exhaust sample. Should 
the analyzer response exceed 100 percent of full scale or respond less 
than 15 percent of the full scale, the next higher or lower analyzer 
range shall be used per Sec. 86.338. For exceptions to the lower limit 
see Sec. 86.338. Should the fuel flow instrument read below 20 percent 
of the full-scale value, a flow measurement unit with a lower scale must 
be used unless the option in Sec. 86.314 is desired.
    (2) For each analyzer, each range that may be used during a test 
must have the zero and span responses recorded prior to the execution of 
that test. Only the range(s) used to measure the emissions during a test 
are required to have their zero and span recorded after the completion 
of the test.
    (3) If during an emission test the value of gauges downstream of the 
NDIR analyzer(s) (G3 or G4) differs by more than plus-minus2 
inches of water from the pretest value, the test is void.


(Secs. 206, 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7525, 7601(a)))

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 16917, Mar. 20, 1979; 
46 FR 50496, Oct. 13, 1981; 47 FR 49807, 49813, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.341-79  Diesel engine dynamometer test run.

    (a) This section applies to Diesel engines only. Gasoline-fueled 
engines are covered in Sec. 86.340.
    (b) The temperature of the air supplied to the engine shall be 
between 68  deg.F and 86  deg.F. The fuel temperature at the pump inlet 
shall be 100  deg.Fplus-minus10  deg.F. The observed 
barometric pressure shall be between 28.5 inches and 31 inches Hg. 
Higher air temperature or lower barometric pressure may be used, if 
desired, but no allowance shall be made for increased emissions because 
of such conditions unless correction factors are developed and approved 
in advance by the Administrator.
    (c) The governor and fuel system shall have been adjusted to provide 
engine performance at the levels in the application for certification 
required under Sec. 86.079-21. These adjustments are only permitted 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.079-25.
    (d) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Install instrumentation and sample probes as required;
    (2) Observe pre-test procedure, Sec. 86.339;
    (3) Read and record the general test data as specified in 
Sec. 86.337(b);
    (4) Start cooling system;
    (5) Precondition the engine in the following manner:
    (i) Operate the engine at idle for 2 to 3 minutes;
    (ii) Operate the engine at approximately 50 percent power at the 
peak torque speed for 5 to 7 minutes;
    (iii) Operate the engine at rated speed and maximum horsepower for 
25 to 30 minutes;
    (iv) Option. It is permitted to precondition the engine at rated 
speed and maximum horsepower until the oil and water temperatures are 
stabilized. The temperatures are defined as stabilized if they are 
maintained within 2 percent of point for 2 minutes. The engine must be 
operated a minimum of 10 minutes for this option. This optional 
procedure may be substituted for step (iii);
    (v) Option. If the engine has been operating on service accumulation 
for a minimum of 40 minutes, the service accumulation may be substituted 
for steps (i) through (iii);

[[Page 580]]

    (vi) Longer preconditioning times may be used only if prior approval 
is obtained from the Administrator.
    (6) Within a total elapsed time of 10 minutes or less, determine by 
experimentation the maximum torque at the rated and intermediate speeds;
    (7) Calculate the torque corresponding to 2, 25, 50, 75, and 100 
percent of the maximum observed torque for the rated and intermediate 
speeds;
    (8) Read and record all pre-test data specified in Sec. 86.337(c);
    (9) Start the test cycle, Sec. 86.336, within 10 minutes, after 
determining test load using the torque values determined in paragraph 
(d)(6) of this section;
    (10) Read and record all modal data specified in Sec. 86.337(d) 
during the last 2 minutes of each mode;
    (11) Continuously record the analyzer's response to the exhaust gas 
during each test segment;
    (12) Test segments may be repeated;
    (13) If a delay of more than 20 minutes occurs between the end of 
one segment and the beginning of another segment the test is void. The 
test may be restarted at paragraph (d)(8) of this section. If the delay 
exceeds 4 hours, the test shall be restarted at paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section;
    (14) The engine speed and load must be maintained within the 
requirements of Sec. 86.336 during the last 2 minutes of each mode. If 
the requirement is not met for all modes during a test segment, that 
segment of the test is void. The test segment may be restarted beginning 
with paragraph (d)(8) of this section;
    (15) If at any time during a test segment, the test equipment 
malfunctions or the specifications in paragraph (d)(14) of this section 
are not met, the test segment is void, and may be aborted. The test 
segment may be restarted beginning with paragraph (d)(8) of this 
section;
    (16) Fuel flow and air flow during the idle or 2-percent load 
conditions may be determined just prior to or immediately following the 
dynamometer sequence, if longer times are required for accurate 
measurements.
    (e) Exhaust gas measurements. (1) Measure HC, CO, CO2, 
and NOX volume concentration in the exhaust sample. Should 
the analyzer response exceed 100 percent of full scale or respond less 
than 15 percent of full scale, the next higher or lower analyzer range 
shall be used per Sec. 86.338. For exceptions to the lower limit see 
Sec. 86.338. Should the fuel flow instrument read below 20 percent of 
full-scale value, a smaller flow measurement unit must be used unless 
the option in Sec. 86.314 is desired.
    (2) Each analyzer range that may be used during a test segment must 
have the zero and span responses recorded prior to the execution of that 
test segment. Only the range(s) used to measure the emissions during a 
test segment are required to have their zero and span recorded after the 
completion of the test segment.
    (3) It is permitted to change filter elements between test segments.
    (4) A leak check is permitted between test segments.
    (5) A hang-up check is permitted between test segments.
    (6) If, during the emission measurement portion of a test segment, 
the value of the gauges downstream of the NDIR analyzer(s) G3 or G4 
differs by more than plus-minus2 inches of water from the 
pretest value, the test segment is void.

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 46 FR 50496, Oct. 13, 1981, 
and 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.342-79  Post-test procedures.

    (a) Begin a hang-up check within 30 seconds of the completion of the 
last mode in the test. Use the following procedure:
    (1) Introduce a zero-grade gas or room air into the sample probe or 
valve V2 to check the ``hangup zero'' response. Simultaneously start a 
time measurement.
    (2) Select the lowest HC range used during the test;
    (3) The difference between the span-zero response and the hang-up 
zero response shall not be greater than 5.0 percent of full scale or 10 
ppmC whichever is greater, within:
    (i) 50 seconds for gasoline-fueled engine test, or
    (ii) 4 minutes for Diesel engine tests, or
    (b) Begin the analyzer span checks within 6 minutes after the 
completion of the last mode in the test. Record for

[[Page 581]]

each analyzer the zero and span response for each range used during the 
preceding test or test segment.
    (c) If during the test, the filter element(s) were replaced or 
cleaned, a vacuum check must be performed per Sec. 86.328 immediately 
after the span checks. If the vacuum side leak check does not meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.328 the test is void.
    (d) Read and record the post-test data specified in Sec. 86.337(e).
    (e) For a valid test, the analyzer drift between the before-test and 
after-test (before-segment and after-segment for Diesels) span checks 
for each analyzer must meet the following requirements:
    (1) The span drift (defined as the change in the difference between 
the zero response and the span response) must not exceed 2.0 percent of 
full-scale chart deflection for each range used;
    (2) The zero response drift must not exceed 2.0 percent of full-
scale chart deflection for each range used above 155 ppm (or ppm C), or 
3 percent of full-scale chart deflection for each range below 155 ppm 
(or ppm C).


(Secs. 206, 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7525, 7601(a)))

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 16917, Mar. 20, 1979; 
46 FR 50496, Oct. 13, 1981; 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.343-79  Chart reading.

    (a) A computer or any other automatic data processing device(s) may 
be used as long as the system meets the requirements of this subpart.
    (b) Determine the location on the chart of the analyzer responses 
corresponding to the end of each mode.
    (c) For gasoline-fueled engines, determine whether the test cycle 
was run in accordance with Sec. 86.335 by observing either chart event 
marks, speed trace, torque trace, or concentration traces. The test will 
be invalidated if there is a deviation of more than:
    (1) 2 seconds from the specified time for each CT mode, and 4 
seconds for all other modes; or,
    (2) Two percent of maximum torque during the exhaust gas sampling 
period (last 10 seconds on each nonclosed throttle gasoline-fueled 
engine mode); or
    (3) 5 percent of maximum torque during the remainder of the mode, 
excluding the first 35 seconds of the mode; or
    (4) 200 rpm during the first 10 seconds of each mode, or 100 rpm 
during the remainder of each mode.
    (d) Determine chart deflections.
    (1) Locate the last 10 seconds of each gasoline-fueled engine mode 
except CT. Locate the last 50 seconds of each gasoline-fueled engine CT 
mode. For all Diesel engine modes locate the last 60 seconds.
    (2)(i) Divide the last 10 seconds or 60 seconds, whichever is 
applicable, into a minimum of 10 equally spaced increments. Determine 
the chart deflection of each increment for the CO2, CO, HC, 
and NOX analyzers.
    (ii) Option for Diesel engine modes. If the deviation from a 
straight line (other than instrument noise) during this 60 seconds is 
less than plus-minus5 percent of full-scale, the average 
chart deflection may be determined by eye. The average value (one 
number) may then be used in lieu of the 10 values required by paragraph 
(d)(2)(i) of this section.
    (3) Other methods of determining the chart deflection of the 
analyzers may be used only with prior approval by the Administrator.
    (e) Determine CO2, CO, HC, and NOX 
concentrations for each mode.
    (1) If the option in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section is 
employed, then those chart deflections for both linear and non-linear 
analyzers may be substituted for the average chart deflection in step 
(e)(2).
    (2) For linear instruments, average the chart deflections determined 
in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section. Determine the concentration for 
this average chart deflection using calibration data.
    (3) For non-linear instruments, calculate concentrations for each 
chart deflection determined in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section. Take 
the average of these concentrations for each mode.
    (4) For purposes of this paragraph, calibration data includes 
calibration curves, linearity curves, span-gas responses, and zero-gas 
responses.

[42 FR 45154, Sept. 8, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 49813, Nov. 2, 1982]

[[Page 582]]



Sec. 86.344-79  Humidity calculations.

    (a) The following abbreviations (and units) are used in this 
section:

BARO = barometric pressure (Pa)
H = specific humidity, (gm H2O/gm of dry air)
K = 0.6220 gm H2O/gm dry air
Mair = Molecular weight of air = 28.9645
MH2O = Molecular weight of water = 18.01534
PDB = Saturation vapor pressure of water at the dry bulb 
temperature (Pa)
PDP = saturation vapor pressure of water at the dewpoint 
temperature (Pa)
Pv = partial pressure of water vapor (Pa)
PWB = saturation vapor pressure of water at the wet bulb 
temperature (pa)
TDB = Dry bulb temperature ( deg.K)
TWB = Wet bulb temperature ( deg.K)
Y = Water-vapor volume concentration

    (b) The specific humidity on a dry basis of the intake air (H) is 
defined by equation (1).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.240

    (c) The partial pressure of water vapor may be determined in two 
manners:
    (1) A dew point device may be used. In that case:

Pv=PDP
    (2) A wet-bulb, dry-bulb method may be used. In that case 
``Ferrels equation'' (eq. (2)) is used.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.085

    (d)(1) The saturation vapor pressure (PWB) of water at 
the wet-bulb temperature is defined by equation (3) (Ref. Wexler and 
Greenspan, equation (23), National Bureau of Standards).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.086

where:
PWB is in Pascals (Pa)
TWB = Web-bulb temperature ( deg.K)
B = - 12.150799
F0 = - 8.49922(10)3
F1 = - 7.4231865(10)3
F2 = 96.1635147
F3 = 2.4917646(10) - 2
F4 = - 1.3160119(10) - 5
F5 = - 1.1460454(10) - 8
F6 = 2.1701289(10) - 11
F7 = - 3.610258(10) - 15
F8 = 3.8504519(10) - 18
F9 = - 1.4317(10) - 21

    (2) The table in Figure D79-5 may be used in lieu of equation 
(3).
    (e) The saturated vapor pressure of water at the dry-bulb 
temperature (PDB) is found (if required) by using dry-bulb 
absolute temperature ( deg.K) in equation (3).
    (f) The percent of relative humidity (RH) (if required) is defined 
by equation (4).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.087

    (g) The water-vapor volume concentration on a dry basis of the 
engine intake air (Y) is defined by equation (5).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.088


                                              Figure D79-5--Saturation Vapor Pressure Over Water (pascals)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Temperature  deg.C                      0.0       0.1       0.2       0.3       0.4       0.5       0.6       0.7       0.8       0.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0...................................................   610.752   615.207   619.690   624.203   628.744   633.315   637.916   642.545   647.205   651.894
1...................................................   656.614   661.364   666.144   670.955   675.796   680.669   685.572   690.507   695.473   700.471
2...................................................   705.500   710.562   715.655   720.781   725.939   731.130   736.354   741.611   746.901   752.224
3...................................................   757.581   762.971   768.396   773.854   779.347   784.874   790.436   796.033   801.664   807.331
4...................................................   813.034   818.771   824.545   830.355   836.200   842.082   848.001   853.956   859.948   865.978
5...................................................   872.045   878.149   884.291   890.470   896.688   902.945   909.239   915.573   921.945   928.357
6...................................................   934.808   941.298   947.828   954.399   961.009   967.660   974.351   981.083   987.856   994.670
7...................................................   1001.53   1008.42   1015.36   1022.34   1029.37   1036.43   1043.54   1050.70   1057.89   1065.13
8...................................................   1072.41   1079.74   1087.11   1094.52   1101.98   1109.48   1117.03   1124.63   1132.27   1139.95
9...................................................   1147.68   1155.46   1163.28   1171.15   1179.07   1187.04   1195.05   1203.11   1211.21   1219.37
10..................................................   1227.57   1235.83   1244.13   1252.48   1260.88   1269.32   1277.82   1286.37   1294.97   1303.62
11..................................................   1312.32   1321.07   1329.87   1338.73   1347.63   1356.59   1365.60   1374.67   1383.78   1392.95

[[Page 583]]

 
12..................................................   1402.17   1411.45   1420.78   1430.16   1439.60   1449.10   1458.64   1468.25   1477.91   1487.62
13..................................................   1497.39   1507.22   1517.11   1527.05   1537.04   1547.10   1557.21   1567.39   1577.62   1587.90
14..................................................   1598.25   1608.66   1619.12   1629.65   1640.24   1650.88   1661.59   1672.36   1683.18   1694.08
15..................................................   1705.03   1716.04   1727.12   1738.26   1749.46   1760.73   1772.06   1783.45   1794.91   1806.43
16..................................................   1818.01   1829.67   1841.38   1853.17   1865.02   1876.93   1888.91   1900.96   1913.08   1925.27
17..................................................   1937.52   1949.84   1962.23   1974.69   1987.21   1999.81   2012.48   2025.21   2038.02   2050.90
18..................................................   2063.85   2076.87   2089.97   2103.13   2116.37   2129.68   2143.07   2156.53   2170.06   2183.66
19..................................................   2197.34   2211.10   2224.93   2238.84   2252.82   2266.88   2281.02   2295.23   2309.52   2323.89
20..................................................   2338.34   2352.86   2367.47   2382.15   2396.91   2411.76   2426.68   2441.68   2456.77   2471.93
21..................................................   2487.18   2502.51   2517.93   2533.42   2549.00   2564.66   2580.41   2596.24   2612.16   2628.16
22..................................................   2644.25   2660.42   2676.68   2693.02   2709.46   2725.98   2742.59   2759.28   2776.07   2792.94
23..................................................   2809.91   2826.96   2844.11   2861.34   2878.67   2896.09   2913.60   2931.20   2948.89   2966.68
24..................................................   2984.56   3002.54   3020.61   3038.77   3057.03   3075.39   3093.84   3112.39   3131.03   3149.78
25..................................................   3168.62   3187.55   3206.59   3225.73   3244.96   3264.30   3283.73   3303.27   3322.91   3242.65
26..................................................   3362.49   3382.43   3402.48   3422.63   3442.89   3463.24   3483.71   3504.28   3524.95   3545.73
27..................................................   3566.62   3587.62   3608.72   3629.93   3651.25   3672.67   3694.21   3715.86   3737.61   3759.48
28..................................................   3781.46   3803.55   3825.75   3848.07   3870.50   3893.04   3915.70   3938.47   3961.36   3984.36
29..................................................   4007.48   4030.71   4054.06   4077.53   4101.12   4124.83   4148.65   4172.59   4196.66   4220.84
30..................................................   4245.15   4269.58   4294.13   4318.80   4343.60   4368.52   4393.56   4418.73   4444.02   4469.44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec. 86.345-79  Emission calculations.

    (a) The following abbreviations (and units) are used in this 
section.
 = atomic hydrogen/carbon ratio of the fuel
 = dry fuel-air ratio (measured)/fuel-air ratio 
(stoichiometric)
BARO = Barometric pressure (in. H gA)
BHP = Brake horsepower
BSCO = Brake specific carbon monoxide emissions, (gm/BHP-HR)
BSFC = Brake specific fuel consumption (lb/BHP-HR)
BSHC = Brake specific hydrocarbon emissions (gm/BHP-HR)
BSNOX = Brake specific oxides of nitrogen emissions (gm/BHP-
HR)
DCO = CO volume concentration in exhaust, ppm (dry)
DCO2 = CO2 volume concentration in exhaust, 
percent (dry)
DHC = HC volume carbon concentration in exhaust, ppmC (dry)
DKNO = NO volume concentration in exhaust, in ppm (dry and humidity 
corrected)
EIP = engine intake pressure (in. H gA) = BARO - inlet depression
f/a = measured dry fuel-air ratio
G = humidity of the inlet air in grains of water per pound of dry air = 
(453.59/0.0648) H, (see Sec. 86.344)
K = water - gas equilibrium constant = 3.5
KNOx = Humidity correction factor for oxides of nitrogen
Kw = Wet to dry correction factor
MC = Atomic weight of carbon
(MC + MH) = mean molecular weight of the fuel per 
carbon atom
MCO = Molecular weight of CO
MF = Mass flow-rate of fuel used in the engine in lb/hr = 
Wf/453.59
MH = Atomic weight of hydrogen
MNO2 = Molecular weight of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
T = Temperature of inlet air (  deg.F)
WCO = Mass rate of CO in exhaust, grams/hr
Wf = Mass flow-rate of fuel used in the engine, in grams/hr = 
(453.59) x (Wf lbs/hr)
WHC = HC volume concentration in exhaust, ppm C(wet)
WHC = Mass rate of HC in exhaust, grams/hr
WNOx = Mass rate of NOX in exhaust, grams/hr
Y = H2O volume concentration of intake air (See Sec. 86.344)
    (b) Determine the exhaust species volume concentration for each 
mode.
    (c)(1) Convert wet basis measurements to a dry basis by the 
following:
    Dry concentrations = 1/KW x wet concentrations. KW 
is defined by the equation in Figure D79-6.
    (2) For Diesel engines, for each mode use the measured engine (f/a) 
entering the combustion chamber when calculating . If 
applicable bleed air, etc. must be subtracted from the measured air flow 
(see Sec. 86.313).
    (3) For gasoline-fueled engines, optional for Diesel engines, 
calculate  for each mode by substituting WHC for DHC in the 
(f/a) equations in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (4) Calculate a Y value for each gasoline-fueled engine test from 
the pre-test data. Apply the Y value to the KW equation for 
the entire test.
    (5) Calculate a separate Y value for each Diesel test segment from 
the pretest-segment data. Apply the Y value to the KW 
equation for the entire test-segment.

[[Page 584]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.140

       Figure D79-6. Kw--Wet To Dry Correction Factor.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.089

Where
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.241

    (e) Data validation--(1) Diesel engines only. Compare the calculated 
dry (f/a) with the measured fuel and air flow. For a valid test the 
emission calculated (f/a) must agree within 10 percent of the measured 
(f/a) for each mode. Diesel engine idle and 2 percent modes do not have 
to meet this requirement.
    (2) Fuel/Air ratio comparison. When comparing measured (f/a) ratio 
to an emissions calculated (f/a) ratio, the measured air flow (in terms 
of mass) is the total mass of air entering the exhaust pipe. This may 
include additions of air mass to the exhaust pipe by an air injection 
system.
    (3) Other methods of data validation may be used if prior approval 
is obtained from the Administrator.
    (4) Data validation techniques that have obtained prior approval 
from the Administrator for use on gasoline-fueled engines may be used to 
determine void tests.
    (f) Multiply the dry nitric oxide volume concentrations by the 
following humidity correction factor to obtain DKNO:
    (1) Gasoline-fueled engines:

KNOx + 0.6272 = 0.00629G - 0.0000176G2
    (2) Diesel engines:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.091
    
where:
A = 0.044 (f/a) - 0.0038
B = - 0.116(f/a) + 0.0053
T = Temperature of inlet air,  deg.F.


[[Page 585]]


    (g) Calculate the mass emissions of each species in grams per hour 
for each mode as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.092

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.093

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.094

    (h)(1) For gasoline-fueled engines, weight the mass values of BHIP, 
Whc, Wco, Mf, and Wnox for each mode by multiplying the modal 
mass values by the appropriate modal weighting factor prescribed by 
Sec. 86.335.
    (2) For Diesel engines, weight the values of BHP, Whc, Wco, 
Wnox, and Mf as follows:
    (i) Weight the values from each idle mode by multiplying the values 
by (0.067);
    (ii) Weight the remaining modes by multiplying the values by 0.08.
    (i) Calculate the brake specific emissions for:
    (1) Each gasoline-fueled engine test cycle, and
    (2) Each Diesel engine test by summing the weighted values (BHP, 
Whc, Wco, and Wnox) from each mode as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.095

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.096

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.097

(t) = Test cycle number (t = 1, 2) (gasoline-fueled engines only).

    (j)(1) Calculate the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) from the 
nonweighted BHP and Mf for each mode. Gasoline-fueled engine idle and CT 
modes, and Diesel idle modes are excluded.
    (2) For gasoline-fuel engines use:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.098
    
    (3) For Diesel engines use:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.099
    

where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.100

    (4) Other methods of correcting power to determine BSFC may be used 
only with prior approval of the Administrator.
    (k) Calculate the weighted brake-specific fuel consumption (WBSFC) 
for
    (1) Each gasoline engine test cycle by:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.101
    
where:
t = Test cycle number (t = 1,2)

    (2) Each Diesel engine test by:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.102
    

[[Page 586]]


    (l) For gasoline-fueled engines, calculate the brake-specific 
emissions and fuel consumption for the complete test as follows:

BSHC(T) = 0.35 BSHC(1) = 0.65 BSHC(2)
BSCO(T) = 0.35 BSCO(1) = 0.65 BSCO(2)
BSNOx(T) = 0.35 BSNOx(1) = 0.65 
BSNOx(2)
WBSFC(T) = 0.35 WBSFC(1) = 0.65 WBSFC(2)



Sec. 86.346-79  Alternative NOX measurement technique.

    (a) Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) may be measured with the 
following ``alternative instrumentation'' for both Diesel and gasoline-
fueled engines. The ``alternative instrumentation'' shall consist of:
    (1) A heated sample line maintained above the dew point:
    (2) An NO2 to NO converter obtaining a sample directly 
from the heated sample line; and
    (3) A combination per 40 CFR 86.777 or 40 CFR 86.977, whichever is 
applicable of a water trap, dryer, flow controls, and an NO NDIR 
analyzer obtaining a sample from the converter.
    (b) The provisions of 40 CFR 86 subpart D shall apply to the 
``alternative instrumentation'', where applicable, with the following 
exceptions:
    (1) Analyzer specifications found in Secs. 86.315, 86.321, and 
86.322 do not apply to the ``alternative instrumentation''.
    (2) For the purposes of this section, the full-scale value specified 
in Sec. 86.338 (a)(1) shall be 1,500 ppm for Diesel engines and 2,500 
ppm for gasoline-fueled engines.
    (c) The ``alternative instrumentation'' shall be calibrated per 
Sec. 86.330.
    (d) The NO NDIR analyzer shall meet the performance and interference 
specifications contained in 40 CFR 86.777 or 40 CFR 86.977, whichever is 
applicable.
    (e) The operation of the dryer shall follow good engineering 
practice such that the test results are not altered. Proper 
preconditioning of the dryer is allowed.



Sec. 86.347-79  Alternative calculations for diesel engines.

    (a) This section applies to Diesel engines only. Gasoline-fueled 
engines must use the calculations in Sec. 86.345.
    (b) For Diesel engines, the calculations specified in 40 CFR 86.977-
15 may be substituted for Sec. 86.345.
    (c) The modal BSFC and weighted BSFC shall be calculated per 
Sec. 86.345.
    (d) If the provisions of this section are used, a CO2 
measurement is not required.
    (e) Both 40 CFR 86.977-15(a) and Sec. 86.313 shall apply to air-flow 
measurements. For the purposes of this section, the air-flow measurement 
accuracy specified in Sec. 86.313 shall be plus-minus1 
percent.



Sec. 86.348-79  Alternative to fuel H/C analysis.

    (a) Fuel H/C analysis need not be performed if the following average 
H/C ratios are used for all calculations.
    (1) 1B1 Diesel: 1:93
    (2) 1B2 Diesel: 1:80
    (3) Gasoline: 1.85
    (b) [Reserved]

[46 FR 50496, Oct. 13, 1981, and 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



  Subpart E--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, 
                           General Provisions

    Source: 42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.401-90  General applicability.

    (a) This subpart applies to 1978 and later model year, new, 
gasoline-fueled motorcycles built after December 31, 1977, and to 1990 
and later model year, new, methanol-fueled motorcycles built after 
December 31, 1989.
    (b) Motorcycles with engine displacements less than 50 cc (3.1 cu 
in) are excluded from the requirements of this subpart.
    (c) Motorcycles are excluded from the requirements of this subpart, 
if with an 80 kg (176 lb) driver, it cannot:
    (1) Start from a dead stop using only the engine, or
    (2) Exceed a maximum speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) on level paved 
surfaces.

[54 FR 14539, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.401-97  General applicability.

    (a) This subpart applies to 1978 and later model year, new, 
gasoline-fueled motorcycles built after 31 December, 1977, and to 1990 
and later model year, new, methanol-fueled motorcycles built after 31 
December, 1989 and to 1997 and later model year, new, natural

[[Page 587]]

gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles built after 31 
December, 1996.
    (b) Motorcycles with engine displacements less than 50 cc (3.1 cu 
in) are excluded from the requirements of this subpart.
    (c) Motorcycles are excluded from the requirements of this subpart, 
if with an 80 kg (176 lb) driver, it cannot:
    (1) Start from a dead stop using only the engine; or
    (2) Exceed a maximum speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) on level paved 
surfaces.

[59 FR 48512, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.402-78  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart and also 
to subpart F.
    Act means part A of title II of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 f-
1 through f-7, as amended by Pub. L. 91-604.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency or his authorized representative.
    Class, see Sec. 86.419.
    Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the 
atmosphere from any portion of the engine crankcase ventilation or 
lubrication systems.
    Curb mass means the actual or manufacturer's estimated mass of the 
vehicle with fluids at nominal capacity and with all equipment specified 
by the Administrator.
    Displacement, and Displacement Class, see Sec. 86.419.
    Engine family means the basic classification unit of a 
manufacturer's product line used for the purpose of test fleet selection 
and determined in accordance with Sec. 86.420.
    Engine-displacement-system combination means an engine family-
displacement-emission control system combination.
    EPA Enforcement Officer means any officer or employee of the 
Environmental Protection Agency so designated in writing by the 
Administrator (or by his designee).
    Exhaust emissions means substances emitted to the atmosphere from 
any opening downstream from the exhaust port of a motor vehicle engine.
    Fuel system means the combination of fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel 
lines, oil injection metering system, and carburetor or fuel injection 
components, and includes all fuel system vents.
    Loaded vehicle mass means curb mass plus 80 kg (176 lb.), average 
driver mass.
    Model year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as 
determined by the Administrator) which includes January first of such 
calendar year. If the manufacturer has no annual production period, the 
term model year shall mean the calendar year.
    Motorcycle means any motor vehicle with a headlight, taillight, and 
stoplight and having: Two wheels, or Three wheels and a curb mass less 
than or equal to 680 kilograms (1499 pounds).
    Oxides of nitrogen means the sum of the nitric oxide and nitrogen 
dioxide contained in a gas sample as if the nitric oxide were in the 
form of nitrogen dioxide.
    Scheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal, 
disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems 
which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or 
vehicle malfunction, or anticipated as necessary to correct an overt 
indication of vehicle malfunction or failure for which periodic 
maintenance is not appropriate.
    Span gas means a gas of known concentration which is used routinely 
to set the output level of any analyzer.
    System includes any motor vehicle modification which controls or 
causes the reduction of substances emitted from motor vehicles.
    Total test distance is defined for each class of motorcycles in 
Sec. 86.427-78.
    Useful life is defined for each class (see Sec. 86.419) of 
motorcycle:

Class I--5.0 years or 12,000 km (7,456 miles), whichever first occurs.
Class II--5.0 years or 18,000 km (11,185 miles), whichever first occurs.
Class III--5.0 years or 30,000 km (18,641 miles), whichever first 
occurs.

    Unscheduled maintenance means any inspection, adjustment, repair, 
removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or 
systems which is performed to correct or diagnose a part failure or 
vehicle

[[Page 588]]

malfunction which was not anticipated.
    Zero kilometers means that point after normal assembly line 
operations and adjustments, after normal dealer setup and preride 
inspection operations have been completed, and before 100 kilometers of 
vehicle operation of three hours of engine operation have been 
accumulated, including emission testing if performed.
    (b) [Reserved]

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56737, Oct. 28, 1977; 49 
FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.402-98  Definitions.

    The definitions of Sec. 86.402-78 apply to this subpart. The 
following definition in this section is applicable beginning with the 
1998 model year:
    Motorcycle means any motor vehicle with a headlight, taillight, and 
stoplight and having: Two wheels, or Three wheels and a curb mass less 
than or equal to 793 kilograms (1749 pounds).

[63 FR 11849, Mar. 11, 1998]



Sec. 86.403-78  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations used in this subpart have the following meanings 
in both capital and lowercase:

ASTM--American Society for Testing and Materials.
C--Celsius.
cc--Cubic centimetre(s).
cfh--Cubic feet per hour.
cfm--Cubic feet per minute.
cm--Centimetre(s).
CO--Carbon monoxide.
CO2--Carbon dioxide.
Conc--Concentration.
cu.--Cubic.
CVS--Constant volume sampler.
EGR--Exhaust gas recirculation.
EP--End point.
EPA--Environmental Protection Agency.
F--Fahrenheit.
h--hour.
HC--Hydrocarbon(s).
Hg--Mercury.
H2O--Water.
in.--Inch(es).
K--Kelvin.
kg--Kilogram(s).
km--Kilometre(s).
kpa--Kilopascals.
lb--Pound(s).
m--Metre(s).
mph--Miles per hour.
mm--Millimetre(s).
N2--Nitrogen.
NOX--Oxides of nitrogen.
No.--Number.
O2--Oxygen.
Pa--Pascal(s).
Pb--lead.
ppm--Parts per million by volume.
psi--Pounds per square inch.
psig--Pounds per square inch gauge.
R--Rankine.
rpm--Revolutions per minute.
wt--Weight.
 deg.--Degree(s).
%--Percent.



Sec. 86.404-78  Section numbering.

    (a) The year of initial applicability of a section is indicated by 
its section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the 
first model year for which a section is effective. A section remains 
effective until superseded.
    Example: Section 86.411-78 applies to 1978 and subsequent model 
years until it is superseded. If a Sec. 86.411-81 is promulgated it 
would take effect beginning with 1981; Sec. 86.411-78 would apply to 
years 1978 through 1980.
    (b) A reference to a section without a year designation implies the 
appropriate model year.

    Example: When considering 1979 vehicles a reference to Sec. 86.411 
implies Sec. 86.411-79. However if no Sec. 86.411-79 has been 
promulgated then Sec. 86.411-78 is implied; See paragraph (a) of this 
section.



Sec. 86.405-78  Measurement system.

    (a) This subpart and subpart F have been written using System 
International (SI) units. SI units will be used to determine compliance 
with these regulations. English equivalents have been indicated solely 
for the user's convenience.
    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.406-78  Introduction, structure of subpart, further information.

    (a) This subpart contains general provisions regulating the emission 
of air pollution from new motorcycles. Test procedures are found in 
subpart F.
    (b) Several discrete concepts are addressed:
    (1) Requirements. Sections 86.407 to 86.415.
    (2) Application for certification. Sections 86.416 and 86.417.
    (3) Test fleet selection. Sections 86.418 to 86.423.

[[Page 589]]

    (4) Service accumulation, testing, maintenance, certification. 
Sections 86.424 to 86.439.
    (5) Administrative provisions. Sections 86.440 to 86.444.
    (c) The certification procedure to be followed depends upon the 
manufacturer's projected sales.
    (1) New motorcycles, produced by a manufacturer whose projected U.S. 
sales of motorcycles is 10,000 or more units (for the model year in 
which certification is sought) shall demonstrate compliance with all 
general standards and all specific emission requirements before they can 
be sold in the United States. The manufacturer is required to submit an 
application with sales data, product information, required maintenance, 
testing and service accumulation procedures. The Administrator will 
select vehicle(s) which will represent the manufacturer's product line. 
The manufacturer is required to construct these vehicles to be 
representative of actual production. Service is accumulated and emission 
tests performed with data submitted to the Administrator. The 
Administrator may run his own tests to confirm the manufacturer's 
results. The Administrator will review the data and either grant or deny 
certification. If the manufacturer wishes to make changes to a certified 
vehicle, or to produce a new vehicle, the Administrator must be 
notified. The Administrator may require testing to demonstrate continued 
compliance with emission standards. Each vehicle must be labeled with 
tune up specifications and the purchaser must be supplied with 
maintenance instructions. Also, information on production vehicles must 
be supplied to the Administrator.
    (2) New motorcycles produced by a manufacturer whose projected U.S. 
sales of motorcycles is less than 10,000 units (for the model year in 
which certification is sought) shall meet both the general standards and 
specific emission requirements described in Secs. 86.401 through 86.417, 
Sec. 86.425, Sec. 86.437, and Secs. 86.440 through 86.444 of this 
subpart before they can be sold in the United States. The manufacturer 
is required to submit an application containing a statement that his 
vehicles conform to the applicable emission standards. The manufacturer 
is required to retain in his records, but not submit with the 
application, valid emission test data which support his statement. The 
Administrator will review the application and either grant or deny 
certification. Each vehicle must be labeled with tune up specifications 
and the purchaser must be supplied with maintenance instructions. Also, 
information on production vehicles must be supplied to the 
Administrator.
    (d) Manufacturers who are considering an application should contact: 
Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division, Environmental 
Protection Agency, 2565 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 and 
state whether he/she plans to certify for total sales of greater than or 
less than 10,000 vehicles for the applicable model year.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 63 FR 11849, Mar. 11, 1998]



Sec. 86.407-78  Certificate of conformity required.

    Every new motorcycle manufactured for sale, sold, offered for sale, 
introduced or delivered for introduction into commerce, or imported into 
the United States which is subject to any of the standards prescribed in 
this subpart is required to be covered by a certificate of conformity 
issued pursuant to this subpart.



Sec. 86.408-78  General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.

    (a) Any system installed on or incorporated in a new motorcycle to 
enable such vehicle to conform to standards imposed by this subpart:
    (1) Shall not in its operation or function cause the emission into 
the ambient air of any noxious or toxic substance that would not be 
emitted in the operation of such vehicle without such system, except as 
specifically permitted by regulation; and
    (2) Shall not in its operation, function, or malfunction result in 
any unsafe condition endangering the motorcycle, its rider(s), or 
persons or property in close proximity to the vehicle.

[[Page 590]]

    (b) Every manufacturer of new motorcycles subject to any of the 
standards imposed by this subpart shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motorcycles in accordance with good engineering practice to 
ascertain that such test vehicles will meet the requirements of this 
section for the useful life of the vehicle.



Sec. 86.409-78  Defeat devices, prohibition.

    (a) No motorcycle shall be equipped with a defeat device.
    (b) Defeat device means any element of design which:
    (1) Senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission 
gear, manifold vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of 
activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any 
part of the emission control system and
    (2) Reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under 
conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal 
urban vehicle operation and use, unless
    (i) Such conditions are substantially included in the Federal 
emission test procedure, or
    (ii) The need for the device is justified in terms of protecting the 
vehicle against damage or accident, or
    (iii) The device does not go beyond the requirements of engine 
starting or warm-up.



Sec. 86.410-80  Emission standards for 1980 and later model year motorcycles.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from 1980 and later model year motorcycles 
shall not exceed:
    (i) Hydrocarbons. 5.0 grams per vehicle kilometre.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. 12 grams per vehicle kilometre.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over driving schedules as set forth in 
subpart F and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
procedures.
    (b) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new motorcycle subject to this subpart.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.410-90  Emission standards for 1990 and later model year motorcycles.

    (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from 1990 and later model year gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
motorcycles shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is 
optional prior to the 1997 model year for natural gas-fueled and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles):
    (i) Hydrocarbons. 5.0 grams per vehicle kilometer.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. 12 grams per vehicle kilometer.
    (2) Exhaust emissions from 1990 and later model year methanol-fueled 
motorcycles shall not exceed:
    (i) Total hydrocarbon equivalent. 5.0 grams per vehicle kilometer.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. 12 grams per vehicle kilometer.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this 
section refer to the exhaust emitted over driving schedule as set forth 
in subpart F and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
procedures.
    (b) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 
atmosphere from any new motorcycle subject to this subpart.

[54 FR 14539, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48512, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.411-78  Maintenance instructions, vehicle purchaser.

    (a) The manufacturer shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the 
ultimate purchaser of each new motorcycle the written instructions for 
the periodic and anticipated maintenance and use of the vehicle by the 
ultimate purchaser as may be reasonable and necessary to assure the 
proper functioning of emission control systems for the vehicle's useful 
life.
    (1) Such instructions shall be provided for those vehicle and engine 
components listed in appendix VI to this part (and for any other 
components) to the extent that maintenance of these components is 
necessary to assure the

[[Page 591]]

proper functioning of emission control systems.
    (2) Such instructions shall be in the English language and in clear, 
and to the extent practicable, nontechnical language.
    (b) The maintenance instructions required by this section shall:
    (1) Contain a general description of the documentation which the 
manufacturer will require from the ultimate purchaser or any subsequent 
purchaser as evidence of compliance with the instructions, and
    (2) Specify the performance of all scheduled maintenance performed 
by the manufacturer under Sec. 86.428.



Sec. 86.412-78  Maintenance instructions, submission to Administrator.

    (a) Instructions for ultimate purchaser. (1) The manufacturer shall 
provide to the Administrator, at least 30 days before being supplied to 
the ultimate purchaser (unless the Administrator consents to a lesser 
period of time), a copy of the maintenance instructions which the 
manufacturer proposes to supply to the ultimate purchaser. The 
instructions must include the periodic and anticipated maintenance 
contained in the application for certification or contained in the 
manufacturers' records (if anticipated sales are less than 10,000 
units). Such instructions must be reasonable and necessary to assure the 
proper functioning of the vehicle's emission control systems.
    (2) Any revision to the maintenance instructions which will affect 
emissions shall be supplied to the Administrator at least 30 days before 
being supplied to the ultimate purchaser unless the Administrator 
consents to a lesser period of time.
    (b) Other instructions. The manufacturer of any new motorcycle 
subject to any of the standards prescribed in this subpart shall submit 
to the Administrator at the time of issuance by the manufacturer, copies 
of all sales brochures, instructions, or explanations regarding the use, 
repair, adjustment, maintenance, or testing of such vehicle relevant to 
the control of crankcase or exhaust emissions, issued by the 
manufacturer for use by other manufacturers, assembly plants, 
distributors, dealers, repair facilities, and ultimate purchasers. Any 
material not translated into the English language need not be submitted 
unless specifically requested by the Administrator.



Sec. 86.413-78  Labeling.

    (a)(1) The manufacturer of any motorcycle shall, at the time of 
manufacture, affix a permanent, legible label, of the type and in the 
manner described below, containing the information hereinafter provided, 
to all production models of such vehicles available for sale to the 
public and covered by a certificate of conformity.
    (2) A permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily 
accessible position. Multi-part labels may be used.
    (3) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the certificate of conformity for such vehicle, in such a 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label.
    (4) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (i) The label heading. Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (ii) Full corporate name and trademark of the manufacturer;
    (iii) Engine displacement (in cubic centimetres) and engine family 
identification;
    (iv) Engine tuneup specifications and adjustments, as recommended by 
the manufacturer, including idle speed, ignition timing, and the idle 
air-fuel mixture setting procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle air-
fuel ratio, idle speed drop). These specifications shall indicate the 
proper transmission position during tuneup;
    (v) Any specific fuel or engine lubricant requirements (e.g., lead 
content, Research octane number, engine lubricant type);
    (vi) An unconditional statement of conformity to USEPA regulations 
which includes the model year; for example, This Vehicle Conforms to 
USEPA Regulation Applicable to ......... Model Year New Motorcycles.
    (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a manufacturer 
from

[[Page 592]]

also reciting on the label that such vehicle conforms to any other 
applicable Federal or State standards for new motorcycles or any other 
information that such manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, 
the proper operation and satisfactory maintenance of the vehicle.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56737, Oct. 28, 1977]



Sec. 86.414-78  Submission of vehicle identification number.

    (a) Upon request by the Administrator, the manufacturer of any 
motorcycle covered by a certificate of conformity shall, within 30 days, 
identify by vehicle identification number, the vehicle(s) covered by the 
certificate of conformity.
    (b) The manufacturer of any motorcycle covered by a certificate of 
conformity shall furnish to the Administrator, at the beginning of each 
model year, any vehicle identification number coding system which 
identifies whether such vehicle(s) are covered by a certificate of 
conformity.



Sec. 86.415-78  Production vehicles.

    (a) Any manufacturer obtaining certification shall supply to the 
Administrator, upon his request, a reasonable number of production 
vehicles selected by the Administrator which are representative of the 
engines, emission control systems, fuel systems, and transmissions 
offered and typical of production models available for sale under the 
certificate. These vehicles shall be supplied for testing at such time 
and place and for such reasonable periods as the Administrator may 
require.
    (b) Any manufacturer obtaining certification shall notify the 
Administrator, on a yearly basis, of the number of vehicles of each 
engine family--engine displacement--emission control system--fuel 
system--transmission type--inertial mass category combination produced 
for sale in the United States during the preceding year.
    (c) All motorcycles covered by a certificate of conformity shall 
prior to delivery to the ultimate purchaser be adjusted, by the 
manufacturer or his agent, to the ignition timing specification detailed 
in Sec. 86.413.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.416-80  Application for certification.

    (a) New motorcycles produced by a manufacturer whose projected sales 
in the United States is 10,000 or more units (for the model year in 
which certification if sought) are covered by the following:
    (1) An application for a certificate of conformity to the 
regulations in the English language applicable to new motorcycles shall 
be made to the Administrator by the manufacturer and shall be updated 
and corrected by amendment. Where possible, a manufacturer should 
include in a single application for certification, a description of all 
vehicles in each class for which certification is required. A 
manufacturer may, however, choose to apply separately for certification 
of part of his product line. The selection of test vehicles and the 
computation of test results will be determined separately for each 
application.
    (2) The application shall be in writing signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer, and shall include the following:
    (i) Identification and description of the vehicles covered by the 
application and a description of their engine, emission control system 
and fuel system components. This shall include a detailed description of 
each auxiliary emission control device. Transmission gear ratios, 
overall drive ratios and vehicle mass (or range of mass) shall also be 
included. The label and its location shall be specified, Sec. 86.413. 
Available optional equipment shall be described.
    (ii) The range of available fuel and ignition system adjustments.
    (iii) Projected U.S. sales data sufficient to enable the 
Administrator to select a test fleet representative of the vehicles for 
which certification is requested. If reduced testing based on low sales 
volume is requested the method of predicting sales shall be described.
    (iv) A description of the test equipment (if applicable) and fuel 
and engine lubricant proposed to be used.

[[Page 593]]

    (v) A description of the proposed service accumulation procedure and 
a description of the proposed scheduled maintenance.
    (vi) A statement of recommended periodic and anticipated maintenance 
and procedures necessary to assure that the vehicles covered by a 
certificate of conformity in operation conform to the regulations, 
listings of the fuels and lubricants to be recommended to the ultimate 
purchaser and a description of the program for training of personnel for 
such maintenance, and the equipment required to perform this 
maintenance.
    (vii) A description of normal assembly line operations and 
adjustments if such procedures exceed 100 km (62 miles) or three hours 
of engine operations.
    (3) Completed copies of the application and of any amendments 
thereto, and all notifications under Secs. 86.438 and 86.439 shall be 
submitted in such multiple copies as the Administrator may require.
    (4) For purposes of this section, ``auxiliary emission control 
device'' means any element of design which senses temperature, vehicle 
speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, manifold vacuum, or any other 
parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or 
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
    (b) New motorcycles produced by a manufacturer whose projected sales 
in the United States is less than 10,000 units (for the model year in 
which certification is sought) are covered by the following:
    (1) All the information that would otherwise be required to be 
submitted to EPA under paragraph (a)(2) of this section must be made a 
part of the manufacturer's records, except there is no requirement to 
submit the information to the Administrator or receive approval from the 
Administrator.
    (2) Section 86.437 details the statements that these manufacturers 
are required to provide to the Administrator.
    (c) For the purpose of determining applicability of paragraphs (a) 
or (b) of this section, where there is more than one importer or 
distributor of vehicles manufactured by the same person, the projected 
sales shall be the aggregate of the projected sales of those vehicles by 
such importers or distributors.
    (d)(1) The Administrator has determined that the following 
certification procedure may be used to demonstrate compliance for each 
motorcycle engine family for which certification is sought. 
Manufacturers may follow these procedures at their option.
    (i) The manufacturer shall satisfy all applicable requirements of 
part 86 necessary to demonstrate compliance with the standards for each 
class of new motorcycles for which certification is sought.
    (ii) As specifically allowed by the Administrator the manufacturer 
shall assume the responsibility for part or all of the decisions 
applicable to the family for which certification is sought and which are 
within the jurisdiction of the Administrator, with the exception that 
the Administrator will determine whether a test motorcycle has met the 
applicable emission standards.
    (iii) The manufacturer shall maintain, update, and correct all 
records and information required.
    (iv) The Administrator may review a manufacturer's records at any 
time. At the Administrator's discretion, this review may take place 
either at the manufacturer's facility or at another facility designated 
by the Administrator.
    (v) At the Administrator's request, the manufacturer shall notify 
the Administrator of the status of the certification program including 
projected schedules of those significant accomplishments specified by 
the Administrator.
    (vi) The manufacturer shall permit the Administrator to inspect any 
facilities, records, and vehicles from which data were obtained under 
the abbreviated certification review procedure.
    (vii) Upon completing all applicable requirements of part 86 the 
manufacturer shall submit a separate application for a certificate of 
conformity for each class of new motorcycles for which certification is 
sought. Such application shall be made in writing to the Administrator 
by the manufacturer.

[[Page 594]]

    (A) The Administrator may approve or disapprove in whole or in part 
an application for certification according to the procedures specified 
in Sec. 86.417-78(b).
    (B) If, after a review of the application for certification, test 
reports and data submitted by the manufacturer, data obtained during an 
inspection, and any other pertinent data or information, the 
Administrator determines that a test vehicle(s) has not met the 
requirements of the Act and the applicable subpart, he will notify the 
manufacturer in writing and set forth the reason(s) for the 
determination.
    (2) Those families which are not following the procedure described 
in paragraph (d)(1) of this section will follow the procedure in this 
subpart with the exception of paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (e) The Administrator may require that an engine family previously 
allowed to be subjected to the abbreviated certification review 
procedure be transferred to the complete review procedure.

[42 FR 56737, Oct. 28, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 26045, Apr. 17, 1980; 
49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.417-78  Approval of application for certification.

    (a) After a review of the application for certification and any 
other information which the Administrator may require, the Administrator 
may approve the application and select a test fleet as appropriate.
    (b) The Administrator may disapprove in whole or in part an 
application for certification for reasons including incompleteness, 
inaccuracy, inappropriate proposed distance accumulation procedures, 
maintenance, test equipment, label content or location, fuel or 
lubricant, and incorporation of defeat devices in vehicles described by 
the application. Where any part of an application is rejected the 
Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing and set forth the 
reasons for such rejection. The manufacturer may request a hearing under 
Sec. 86.443.



Sec. 86.418-78  Test fleet selection.

    (a) Test fleet selection and requirements on test vehicles are found 
in Secs. 86.419 to 86.423. This selection process is also graphically 
depicted in Figure E78-1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.172

    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.419-78  Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

    (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine 
values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic

[[Page 595]]

centimetre, in accordance with ASTM E 29-67.
    (2) For rotary engines, displacement means the maximum volume of a 
combustion chamber between two rotor tip seals minus the minimum volume 
of that combustion chamber between those two rotor tip seals times three 
times the number of rotors.

cc=(max. chamber volume - min. chamber volume)  x  3  x  no. of rotors

    (b) Motorcycles will be divided into classes based on engine 
displacement.
    (1) Class I--50 to 169 cc (3.1 to 10.4 cu. in.).
    (2) Class II--170 to 279 cc (10.4 to 17.1 cu. in.).
    (3) Class III--280 cc and over (17.1 cu. in. and over).
    (c) At the manufacturer's option, a vehicle described in an 
application for certification may be placed in a higher class (larger 
displacement). All procedures for the higher class must then be complied 
with, compliance with emission standards will be determined on the basis 
of engine displacement.



Sec. 86.420-78  Engine families.

    (a) The vehicles covered in the application will be divided into 
groupings whose engines are expected to have similar emission 
characteristics throughout their useful life. Each group of engines with 
similar emission characteristics shall be defined as a separate engine 
family.
    (b) Reciprocating families. To be classed in the same engine family, 
reciprocating engines must be identical in all of the following 
applicable respects:
    (1) The combustion cycle.
    (2) The cooling mechanism.
    (3) The cylinder configuration (inline, vee, opposed, bore spacings, 
etc.).
    (4) The number of cylinders.
    (5) The engine displacement class, Sec. 86.419.
    (6) The method of air aspiration.
    (7) The number of catalytic converters, location, volume, and 
composition.
    (8) The thermal reactor characteristics.
    (9) The number of carburetors.
    (10) The prechamber characteristics.
    (c) At the manufacturer's option, reciprocating engines identical in 
all the respects listed in paragraph (b) of this section may be further 
divided into different engine families if the Administrator determines 
that they may be expected to have different emission characteristics. 
This determination will be based upon a consideration of features such 
as:
    (1) The bore and stroke.
    (2) The combustion chamber configuration.
    (3) The intake and exhaust timing method of actuation (poppet valve, 
reed valve, rotary valve, etc.).
    (4) The intake and exhaust valve or port sizes, as applicable.
    (5) The fuel system.
    (6) The exhaust system.
    (d) Rotary families. To be classed in the same engine family, rotary 
combustion cycle engines must be identical in all of the following 
applicable respects:
    (1) The major axis of the epitrochoidal curve.
    (2) The minor axis of the epitrochoidal curve.
    (3) The generating radius of the epitrochoidal curve.
    (4) The cooling mechanism.
    (5) The number of rotors.
    (6) The engine displacement class, Sec. 86.419.
    (7) The method of air aspiration.
    (8) The number of catalytic converters, location, volume and 
composition.
    (9) The thermal reactor characteristics.
    (10) The number of carburetors.
    (11) The prechamber characteristics.
    (e) At the manufacturer's option, rotary combustion cycle engines 
identical in all the respects listed in paragraph (d) of this section, 
may be further divided into different engine families if the 
Administrator determines that they may be expected to have different 
emission characteristics. This determination will be based upon a 
consideration of features, such as:
    (1) The width of the rotor housing.
    (2) The type and location of intake port (side, peripheral, 
combination, etc.).
    (3) The number of spark plugs per rotor.

[[Page 596]]

    (4) The fuel system.
    (5) The exhaust system.
    (f) Where engines are of a type which cannot be divided into engine 
families based upon the criteria listed in paragraphs (b) and (d) of 
this section, the Administrator will establish families of those engines 
based upon the features most related to their emission characteristics.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 48205, Aug. 17, 1979]



Sec. 86.421-78  Test fleet.

    (a) A test vehicle will be selected by the Administrator to 
represent each engine-displacement-system combination. The configuration 
(engine calibration, transmission, drive ratio, mass, options, etc.) in 
the manufacturer's application which the Administrator believes has the 
greatest probability of exceeding the standards will be selected.
    (b) At the manufacturer's option, the Administrator will only select 
one vehicle to represent each engine family where the total projected 
annual sales for that family are less than 5,000 vehicles.
    (c) A manufacturer may elect to operate and test additional vehicles 
which are identical to those selected by the Administrator. Written 
notice of a commitment to operate and test additional vehicles shall be 
given to the Administrator prior to the start of testing and not later 
than 30 days following notification of the test fleet selection. The 
results of tests performed by the manufacturer will be combined to 
determine deterioration factors. Each vehicle must meet applicable 
standards when tested by the Administrator and when those results are 
projected to the useful life.
    (d) In lieu of testing a test vehicle and submitting data therefore, 
a manufacturer may, with the prior written approval of the 
Administrator, submit exhaust emission data on a similar vehicle for 
which certification has previously been obtained or for which all 
applicable data has previously been submitted.



Sec. 86.422-78  Administrator's fleet.

    The Administrator may require additional test vehicles identical in 
all material respects to vehicles selected in accordance with 
Sec. 86.421. The number of vehicles selected shall not increase the size 
of the test fleet by more than 20 percent or one vehicle, whichever is 
greater.



Sec. 86.423-78  Test vehicles.

    (a)(1) Before beginning service accumulation on a test vehicle, the 
manufacturer may perform a zero-kilometer exhaust emission test.
    (2) If such a test is performed, the data shall be submitted to the 
Administrator when the application is submitted.
    (3) Zero-kilometer test results shall not be included in the 
determination of deterioration factors.
    (b) Once a manufacturer begins to operate a test vehicle, as 
indicated by compliance with paragraph (a) of this section, the data 
from the vehicle will be used, unless specified otherwise by the 
Administrator. Discontinuation of a vehicle shall be allowed only with 
the written consent of the Administrator.
    (c) Test vehicles shall be calibrated at zero kilometres within the 
production tolerances applicable to the manufacturer's specifications.
    (d) The Administrator may disqualify a vehicle which receives 
assembly line operations and adjustments which will not be performed on 
production vehicles.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.425-78  Test procedures.

    (a) Motorcycle emission test procedures are found in subpart F.
    (b) The Administrator may prescribe emission test procedures for any 
motorcycle which he determines is not susceptible to satisfactory 
testing by the procedures set forth in subpart F.
    (c) Testing of any type with respect to any test vehicle other than 
that specified in this subpart and subpart F is not allowed except as 
specifically authorized by the Administrator.



Sec. 86.426-78  Service accumulation.

    (a) The procedure for service accumulation will be the Durability 
Driving Schedule as specified in appendix IV to this part. A modified 
procedure may also be used if approved in advance by

[[Page 597]]

the Administrator. Except with the advance approval of the 
Administrator, all vehicles will accumulate distance at a measured curb 
mass which is within 5 kg (11.0 lb) of the loaded vehicle mass specified 
by the Administrator.
    (b) During service accumulation, vehicles shall not be operated for 
more than 12 hours during an operating sequence. Engine shutdowns are 
permitted during the operating sequence, but the periods of shutdown are 
not included in the 12 hour total. Following each operating sequence, 
the vehicle shall soak, without operation, for a minimum of 8 hours. 
During soak periods, the vehicle shall be exposed to normal outside 
ambient temperatures and humidity conditions unless vehicle maintenance 
or servicing is being performed.
    (c) The manufacturer's recommended shifting procedure will be used 
for laps 1 through 10. Lap 11 shifts (W.O.T. accelerations) must be 
conducted at the manufacturer's recommended maximum safe engine speed.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56737, Oct. 28, 1977]



Sec. 86.427-78  Emission tests.

    (a)(1) Each test vehicle shall be driven with all emission control 
systems installed and operating for the following total test distances, 
or for such lesser distances as the Administrator may agree to as 
meeting the objectives of this procedure. (See Sec. 86.419 for class 
explanation.)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Total test   Minimum test    Minimum
       Displacement class          distance      distance     number of
                                 (kilometers)  (kilometers)     tests
------------------------------------------------------------------------
I..............................         6,000         2,500            4
II.............................         9,000         2,500            4
III............................        15,000         3,500            4
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) A zero kilometer emission test may be performed prior to the 
beginning of service accumulation.
    (b) All vehicles shall undergo at least four emission tests; one at 
the minimum test distance, one before and one after periodic 
maintenance, and one at the total test distance. If no maintenance is 
scheduled, then at least two tests will be performed, at equal 
intervals, between the minimum and total test distances. Additional 
tests may be performed; such tests must be at equal intervals and 
approved by the Administrator prior to starting service accumulation.
    (c) Where the Administrator agrees to a lesser distance for service 
accumulation, he may modify the maintenance provisions of this subpart.
    (d) All tests required by this subpart must be conducted at an 
accumulated distance within 250 kilometers (155 mi) of the nominal 
distance at each test point.
    (e)(1) If a manufacturer conducts multiple tests at any test point 
at which the data are intended to be used in the calculation of the 
deterioration factor, the number of tests must be the same at each point 
and may not exceed three valid tests unless the manufacturer chooses to 
average the test results.
    (2) If the manufacturer chooses to average the test results at a 
test point, he may conduct more tests than the minimum number of tests 
conducted at any other test point.
    The results of the multiple tests shall be averaged to create a 
single value which is the test point value used in the deterioration 
factor calculation specified in Sec. 86.432-78.
    (3) When using this option to generate data for a particular test 
point, the manufacturer must include in the average all valid test data 
generated at that test point.
    (4) The manufacturer shall follow the same procedure for all exhaust 
pollutants.
    (5) The test results obtained from the emission tests performed 
before and after maintenance affecting emissions shall not be averaged.
    (f) The Administrator may require that any one or more of the test 
vehicles be submitted to him, at such places as he may designate, for 
the purpose of conducting emissions tests. The Administrator may specify 
that he will conduct such testing at the manufacturer's facility, in 
which case instrumentation and equipment specified by the Administrator 
shall be made available by the manufacturer for test operations. Any 
testing conducted at a manufacturer's facility pursuant to this 
paragraph shall be scheduled by

[[Page 598]]

the manufacturer as promptly as possible.
    (g) Whenever the Administrator conducts a test on a test vehicle, 
the results of that test, unless subsequently invalidated by the 
Administrator, shall comprise the data for the vehicle at that 
prescribed test point and the manufacturer's data for that prescribed 
test point shall not be used in determining compliance with emission 
standards.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.428-80  Maintenance, scheduled; test vehicles.

    (a) Periodic maintenance on the engine, emission control system, and 
fuel system of test vehicles shall be scheduled for performance at the 
same distance intervals that will be specified in the manufacturer's 
maintenance instructions furnished to the ultimate purchaser. Such 
maintenance shall be performed only under the following provisions.
    (b) Periodic major engine tune-ups to the manufacturer's 
specifications may be performed no more frequently than as follows nor 
may any tune-up be performed within 1000 km prior to the official test.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Minimum
                     Displacement class                        interval
                                                             (kilometer)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
I..........................................................        3,000
II.........................................................        3,000
III........................................................        4,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) A scheduled major engine tune-up shall be restricted to items 
listed below and shall be conducted in a manner consistent with service 
instructions and specifications provided by the manufacturer for use by 
customer service personnel. The following items may be inspected, 
replaced, cleaned, adjusted, and/or serviced as required: (1) Breaker 
points, timing, (2) idle speed and idle air/fuel mixture, (3) valve 
lash, (4) engine bolt torque, and (5) spark plugs.
    (d) The Administrator will specify the ignition timing, idle air 
fuel mixture and other fuel system adjustments to be used at each tune-
up. The settings selected will be those the Administrator deems 
appropriate within the physically available range.
    (e) Periodic change of engine and transmission oil, and change or 
service of oil, air, and fuel filters will be allowed at the same 
distance intervals that will be specified in the manufacturer's 
maintenance instructions.
    (f) Requests for authorization of periodic maintenance of emission 
control related components not specifically authorized to be maintained 
by this section, and for anticipated maintenance (see Sec. 86.428), must 
be made prior to the beginning of distance accumulation. The 
Administrator will approve the performance of such maintenance if the 
manufacturer makes a satisfactory showing that the maintenance will be 
performed on vehicles in use and that the maintenance is reasonable and 
necessary.
    (1) The EGR system may be serviced a maximum of two times during the 
durability service accumulation if failure of the EGR system activates 
an audible and/or visual signal approved by the Administrator which 
alerts the vehicle operator to the need for EGR system maintenance, or 
if the need for periodic maintenance of the EGR system is overtly 
signalled to the vehicle operator by an appropriate means, e.g., an 
indicator light or significantly reduced driveability performance.
    (2) The catalytic converter may be serviced only once during the 
durability service accumulation if failure of the catalytic converter 
activates an audible and/or visual signal approved by the Administrator 
which alerts the vehicle operator to the need for catalytic converter 
maintenance, or if the need for periodic maintenance of the catalytic 
converter is overtly signalled to the vehicle operator by an appropriate 
means, e.g., an indicator light or significantly reduced driveability 
performance.
    (g) Certain engine components may require maintenance which, by its 
nature, cannot be scheduled for periodic intervals, but which the 
manufacturer believes will be necessary. For example, piston and 
cylinder replacement caused by piston seizure which results in the 
vehicle being inoperative; or in the case of two-stroke engines, 
decarbonization, the need for which is

[[Page 599]]

signalled to the vehicle operator by significantly reduce driveability 
performance. Such maintenance is designated anticipated maintenance. 
Anticipated maintenance must be identified by the manufacturer and 
approved as being appropriate by the Administrator prior to the start of 
service accumulation. The approximate distance at which the need for 
anticipated maintenance may arise must be specified in the application 
for certification.
    (h) Complete emission tests (see subpart F) are required, unless 
waived by the Administrator, before and after any vehicle maintenance 
which may reasonably be expected to affect emissions.



Sec. 86.429-78  Maintenance, unscheduled; test vehicles.

    (a) Any unscheduled engine, emission control system, or fuel system 
adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement on 
vehicles shall be performed only with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (1) In the case of unscheduled maintenance, such approval will be 
given if the Administrator:
    (i) Has made a preliminary determination that part failure or system 
malfunction, or the repair of such failure or malfunction, does not 
render the vehicle unrepresentative of vehicles in use, and does not 
require direct access to the combustion chamber, except for spark plug, 
fuel injection component, or removable prechamber removal or 
replacement; and
    (ii) Has made a determination that the need for maintenance or 
repairs is indicated by an overt indication of malfunction such as 
persistent misfire, vehicle stall, overheating, fluid leakage, loss of 
oil pressure, or charge indicator warning.
    (2) Emission measurements may not be used as a means of determining 
the need for unscheduled maintenance under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this 
section.
    (b) Repairs to vehicle components of test vehicles, other than the 
engine, emission control system, or fuel system, shall be performed only 
as a result of part failure, vehicle system malfunction, or with the 
advance approval of the Administrator.
    (c) The Administrator shall be given the opportunity to verify the 
extent of an overt indication of part failure and/or vehicle malfunction 
(e.g., misfire, stall), or an activation of an audible and/or visual 
signal, prior to the performance of any maintenance to which such overt 
indication or signal is relevant under the provisions of this section.
    (d) Equipment, instruments, or tools may not be used to identify 
malfunctioning, maladjusted, or defective engine components unless the 
same or equivalent equipment, instruments, or tools will be available at 
dealerships and other service outlets and
    (1) Are used in conjunction with scheduled maintenance on such 
components, and
    (2) Are used subsequent to the identification of a vehicle or engine 
malfunction, as provided in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for 
durability or emission data vehicles, or
    (3) Unless specifically authorized by the Administrator.
    (e) If the Administrator determines that part failure or system 
malfunction occurrence and/or repair rendered the vehicle 
unrepresentative of vehicles in use, the vehicle shall not be used as a 
test vehicle.
    (f) Complete emission tests are required, unless waived by the 
Administrator, before and after any vehicle maintenance which may 
reasonably be expected to affect emissions.



Sec. 86.430-78  Vehicle failure.

    Any test vehicle which incurs major mechanical failure necessitating 
disassembly of the engine shall not be used as a test vehicle. This 
prohibition does not apply to failures occurring after the completion of 
all required tests at the total test distance.

[49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.431-78  Data submission.

    (a) Data from all tests (including voided tests) performed by a 
manufacturer with total projected sales in excess of 10,000 vehicles 
shall be included in the application.
    (b) The manufacturer shall furnish to the Administrator explanation 
for voiding any test. The Administrator will determine if voiding the 
test was

[[Page 600]]

appropriate based upon the explanation given by the manufacturer. If the 
Administrator determines that voiding the test was not appropriate, the 
Administrator may require that the data from that test be used in the 
calculation of the deterioration factor for emissions.
    (c) When unscheduled or anticipated maintenance is performed, a 
complete record of all pertinent maintenance, including the malfunction 
diagnosis made, the corrective action taken, and the test data obtained 
shall be included in the application.
    (d) A complete record of all maintenance shall be supplied.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.432-78  Deterioration factor.

    (a) Deterioration factors shall be developed for each test vehicle 
from the emission test results. A separate factor shall be developed for 
each pollutant. The applicable data to be used in calculating these 
factors are:
    (1) The results from all valid tests conducted by the manufacturer 
or Administrator at scheduled test intervals.
    (2) The results from tests conducted before and after scheduled 
maintenance unless specifically excluded by the Administrator.
    (3) The results from tests conducted before and after unscheduled 
maintenance, if approval of the maintenance by the Administrator was 
conditioned on the data being used in the deterioration factor 
calculation.
    (b) Emission results which are less than 0.10 g/km shall be 
considered to be 0.10 g/km for purposes of this section.
    (c) Test results for each pollutant shall be plotted as a function 
of the service accumulated at the start of the emission test, rounded to 
the nearest kilometre. These results shall be correlated to a straight 
line, fit by the method of least squares.
    (d) An exhaust emission deterioration factor will be calculated by 
dividing the predicted emissions at the useful life distance by the 
predicted emissions at the total test distance. Predicted emissions are 
obtained from the correlation developed in paragraph (c) of this 
section.

Factor = Predicted total distance emissions/Predicted total test 
          distance emissions


These interpolated and extrapolated values shall be carried out to four 
places to the right of the decimal point before dividing one by the 
other to determine the deterioration factor. The results shall be 
rounded to three places to the right of the decimal point in accordance 
with ASTM E 29-67.
    (e) Deterioration factors computed to be less than 1.000 shall be 
1.000.
    (f)(1) The manufacturer has the option of applying an outlier test 
point procedure to completed durability data within its certification 
testing program for a given model year.
    (2) The outlier procedure will be specified by the Administrator.
    (3) For any pollutant, durability-data test points that are 
identified as outliers shall not be included in the determination of 
deterioration factors if the manufacturer has elected this option.
    (4) The manufacturer shall specify to the Administrator, before the 
certification of the first engine family for that model year, if it 
intends to use the outlier procedure.
    (5) The manufacturer may not change procedures after the first 
engine family of the model year is certified.
    (6) Where the manufacturer chooses to apply the outlier procedure to 
a data set containing data which were averaged under Sec. 86.427-78(e), 
the outlier procedure shall be completed before averaging the data.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56737, Oct. 28, 1977; 49 
FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.434-78  Testing by the Administrator.

    (a) At the conclusion of service accumulation, and after emission 
tests for deterioration, the Administrator may require confirmatory 
testing. The Administrator will designate where such testing shall be 
performed.
    (b) The manufacturer may request a retest. The results of the retest 
will be used to determine compliance.
    (c) If the emission results exceed the standard, certification will 
be denied.

[49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]

[[Page 601]]



Sec. 86.435-78  Extrapolated emission values.

    (a) If the deterioration factor lines are below the standards 
between the minimum test distance and the useful life, or if all points 
used to generate the lines are below the standards, predicted useful 
life emissions shall be calculated. If not, the manufacturers may elect 
to withdraw the vehicle or accumulate additional service.
    (b) The emission test results of each pollutant obtained from the 
half life test will be multiplied by the appropriate deterioration 
factors to determine useful life emissions.
    (1) If the useful life emissions are below the standards, 
certification will be granted.
    (2) If any of the useful life emissions exceed the emission 
standards, the vehicle must (if not withdrawn) accumulate distance to 
the useful life.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.436-78  Additional service accumulation.

    (a) Additional service up to the useful life will be accumulated 
under the same conditions as the initial service accumulation.
    (b) New deterioration lines will be generated using all applicable 
test points up to the useful life. The same procedures for determining 
the original deterioration lines will be used.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) To qualify for certification:
    (1) The full life emission test results must be below the standards, 
and
    (2) The deterioration line must be below the standard at the minimum 
test distance and the useful life, or all points used to generate the 
line, must be below the standard.
    (e) If the vehicle is unable to complete the total distance due to 
engine mechanical failure, certification will be granted if:
    (1) The mechanical failure was anticipated, Sec. 86.428, and
    (2) A new deterioration line calculated using the procedure 
described in Sec. 86.436-78(b) is below the standard at the minimum test 
distance and at the useful life, and,
    (3) The results of the half life emission tests, when adjusted by 
the new deterioration factors, are below the standards.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.437-78  Certification.

    (a) New motorcycles produced by a manufacturer whose projected sales 
in the United States is 10,000 or more units (for the model year in 
which certification is sought) are covered by the following:
    (1) The manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a statement 
that the test vehicles with respect to which data are submitted have 
been tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures, that they 
meet the requirements of such tests, and that, on the basis of such 
tests, they conform to the requirements of the regulations in this part. 
If such statements cannot be made with respect to any vehicle tested, 
the vehicle shall be identified, and all pertinent test data relating 
thereto shall be supplied.
    (2)(i) If, after a review of the test reports and data submitted by 
the manufacturer, data derived from any inspection carried out under 
Sec. 86.441 and any other pertinent data or information, the 
Administrator determines that a test vehicle(s) meets the requirements 
of the Act and of this subpart, he will issue a certificate of 
conformity with respect to such vehicle(s) except in cases covered by 
Sec. 86.442.
    (ii) Such certificate will be issued for such period not to exceed 
one model year as the Administrator may determine and upon such terms as 
he may deem necessary to assure that any new motorcycle covered by the 
certificate will meet the requirements of the act and of this subpart.
    (iii) The certificate will cover all vehicles represented by the 
test vehicle and will certify compliance with no more than one set of 
applicable standards.
    (3)(i) If, after a review of the test reports and data submitted by 
the manufacturer, data derived from any additional testing conducted 
pursuant to Sec. 86.427, or information derived from any inspection 
carried out under Sec. 86.441, or any other pertinent data or 
information, the Administrator determines that one or more test vehicles 
of

[[Page 602]]

the certification test fleet do not meet applicable standards, he will 
notify the manufacturer in writing, setting forth the basis for his 
determination. The manufacturer may request a hearing on the 
Administrator's determination.
    (ii) The manufacturer may, at his option, proceed with any of the 
following alternatives with respect to any vehicles represented by a 
test vehicle(s) determined not in compliance with applicable standards:
    (A) Request a hearing.
    (B) Delete from the application for certification the vehicles 
represented by the failing test vehicle. (Vehicles so deleted may be 
included in a later request for certification under paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii) of this section.) The Administrator will then select in 
place of each failing vehicle an alternate vehicle chosen in accordance 
with selection criteria employed in selecting the vehicle that failed, 
or
    (C) Repair the test vehicle and demonstrate by testing that it meets 
applicable standards. Another vehicle which is in all material respects 
the same as the first vehicle, as repaired, shall then be operated and 
tested in accordance with applicable test procedures.
    (iii) If the manufacturer does not request a hearing or present the 
required data under subparagraph (2) of this paragraph, the 
Administrator will deny certification.
    (b) New motorcycles produced by a manufacturer whose projected sales 
in the United States is less than 10,000 units (for the model year in 
which certification is sought) are covered by the following:
    (1) The manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator an 
application for certification containing the following:
    (i) A brief description of the vehicles to be covered by the 
certificate (the manufacturer's sales data book or advertising including 
specifications will satisfy this requirement for most manufacturers).
    (ii) A statement signed by the authorized representative of the 
manufacturer stating: ``The vehicles described herein have been tested 
in accordance with the provisions of subpart E, part 86, title 40, of 
the Code of Federal Regulations, and on the basis of these tests are in 
conformance with that subpart. All of the data and records required by 
that subpart are on file and are available for inspection by the 
Administrator. Total sales of vehicles subject to this subpart will be 
limited to less than 10,000 units.''
    (2) If, after a review of the statement the Administrator determines 
that the requirements of this subpart have been met, he will issue a 
certificate of conformity with respect to the described vehicles except 
in cases covered by Sec. 86.442.
    (3) Such certificate will be issued for such a period not to exceed 
one model year as the Administrator may determine and upon such terms as 
he may deem necessary to assure that any new motorcycle covered by the 
certificate will meet the requirements of the Act and of this subpart.
    (4) The certificate will cover all vehicles described by the 
manufacturer.
    (5)(i) If, after a review of the statements and descriptions 
submitted by the manufacturer, the Administrator determines that the 
applicable requirements have not been met, he will notify the 
manufacturer in writing, setting forth the basis for his determination. 
The manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determination.
    (ii) If the manufacturer does not request a hearing or present the 
required information the Administrator will deny certification.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56738, Oct. 28, 1977; 46 
FR 50496, Oct. 13, 1981; 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982]



Sec. 86.438-78  Amendments to the application.

    (a) The manufacturer shall inform the Administrator by way of 
amendment to the application of any proposed changes to vehicles in 
production or additional vehicles to be produced. The Administrator 
will, if appropriate, select a new test vehicle. Except as provided in 
Sec. 86.439, no changes may be instituted until approved by the 
Administrator.
    (b) The Administrator may allow reduced testing.

[[Page 603]]



Sec. 86.439-78  Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

    (a)(1) A manufacturer may, in lieu of notifying the Administrator in 
advance of an addition of a vehicle or a change in a vehicle under 
Sec. 86.438-78, notify the Administrator concurrently with the addition 
of a vehicle or the making of a change in a vehicle if the manufacturer 
determines that following the change all vehicles affected by the 
addition or change will still meet the applicable emission standards.
    (2) Such notification shall include a full description of the 
addition or change and any supporting documentation the manufacturer may 
include to support the manufacturer's determination that the addition or 
change does not cause noncompliance.
    (3) The manufacturer's determination that the addition or change 
does not cause noncompliance shall be based on an engineering evaluation 
of the addition or change and/or testing.
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c)(1) The Administrator may require that additional emission 
testing be performed to support the manufacturer's original 
determination submitted in accordance with paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    (2) If additional testing is required, the Administrator shall 
proceed as in Sec. 86.438-78.
    (3) Additional test data, if requested, must be provided within 30 
days of the request or the manufacturer must rescind the addition or 
change immediately.
    (4) The Administrator may grant additional time to complete testing.
    (5) If based on this additional testing or any other information, 
the Administrator determines that the vehicles affected by the addition 
or change do not meet the applicable standards, the Administrator will 
notify the manufacturer to rescind the addition or change immediately 
upon receipt of the notification.
    (d) Election to produce vehicles under this section will be deemed 
to be a consent to recall all vehicles which the Administrator 
determines under Sec. 86.438-78 do not meet applicable standards, and to 
cause such nonconformity to be remedied at no expense to the owner.

[49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.440-78  Maintenance of records.

    (a) The manufacturer of any motorcycle subject to any of the 
standards or procedures prescribed in this subpart shall establish, 
maintain and retain the following adequately organized and indexed 
records;
    (1) General records. (i)(A) Identification and description of all 
certification vehicles for which testing is required under this subpart.
    (B) A description of all emission control systems which are 
installed on or incorporated in each certification vehicle.
    (C) A description of all procedures used to test each such 
certification vehicle.
    (ii) A properly completed application, following the format 
prescribed by the U.S. EPA for the appropriate year of production, 
fulfills each of the requirements of this paragraph.
    (2) Individual records. (i) A brief history of each motocycle used 
for certification under this subpart including:
    (A)(1) In the case where a current production engine is modified for 
use in a certification vehicle, a description of the process by which 
the engine was selected and of the modification made.
    (2) In the case where the engine for a certification vehicle is not 
derived from a current production engine, a general description of the 
build-up of the engine (e.g., experimental heads were cast and machined 
according to supplied drawings, etc.)
    (3) In both cases above, a description of the origin and selection 
process for the carburetor, fuel system, emission control system 
components, and exhaust after treatment device shall be included.
    (4) The required description shall specify the steps taken to assure 
that the certification vehicle with respect to its engine, drive train, 
fuel system, emission control system components, exhaust after treatment 
device, vehicle mass, or any other device or component that can 
reasonably be expected to influence exhaust emissions, will be 
representative of production vehicles, and that either all components 
and/or

[[Page 604]]

vehicle construction processes, component inspection and selection 
techniques, and assembly techniques employed in constructing such 
vehicles are reasonably likely to be implemented for production 
vehicles, or they are as closely analogous as practicable to planned 
construction and assembly processes.
    (B) A complete record of all emission tests performed (except tests 
performed by EPA directly) including test results, the date and purpose 
of each test, and the distance accumulated on the vehicle.
    (C) The date of each service accumulation run, listing the distance 
accumulated.
    (D) [Reserved]
    (E) A record and description of all maintenance and other servicing 
performed, giving the date of the maintenance or service and the reason 
for it.
    (F) A record and description of each test performed to diagnose 
engine or emissions control system performance, giving the date and time 
of the test and the reason for it.
    (G) [Reserved]
    (H) A brief description of any significant events affecting the 
vehicle during any time in the period covered by the history, not 
described by an entry under one of the previous headings, including such 
extraordinary events as vehicle accidents or dynamometer runaway.
    (ii) Each such history shall be started on the date that the first 
of any of the selection or build-up activities in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(A) 
of this section occurred with respect to the certification vehicle, 
shall be updated each time the operational status of the vehicle changes 
or additional work is performed on it, and shall be kept in a designated 
location.
    (3) All records, other than routine emission test records, required 
to be maintained under this subpart shall be retained by the 
manufacturer for a period of six (6) years after the issuance of all 
certificates of conformity to which they relate. Routine emission test 
records shall be retained by the manufacturer for a period of one (1) 
year after issuance of all certificates of conformity to which they 
relate. Records may be retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, 
punch cards, etc., depending on the record retention procedures of the 
manufacturer: Provided That, in every case, all the information 
contained in the hard copy shall be retained.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56738, Oct. 28, 1977; 49 
FR 48140, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.441-78  Right of entry.

    (a) Any manufacturer who has applied for certification of a new 
motorcycle subject to certification tests under this subpart shall admit 
or cause to be admitted any EPA Enforcement Officer during operating 
hours on presentation of any credentials to any of the following:
    (1) Any facility where any such tests or any procedures or 
activities connected with such tests are or were performed.
    (2) Any facility where any new motorcycle which is being, was or is 
to be tested is present.
    (3) Any facility where any construction process or assembly process 
used in the modification or build-up of such a vehicle into a 
certification vehicle is taking place or has taken place.
    (4) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any 
of the above is located.
    (b) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (c)(1) 
of this section, any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be allowed:
    (1) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of such procedures, 
activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, 
monitoring vehicle preconditioning, emissions tests and service 
accumulation, maintenance, and vehicle soak and storage procedures; and 
to verify correlation or calibration of test equipment;
    (2) To inspect and make copies of any such records, designs, or 
other documents; and
    (3) To inspect and/or photograph any part or aspect of any such 
certification vehicle and any components to be used in the construction 
thereof.
    (c) In order to allow the Administrator to determine whether or not 
production motorcycles conform in all material respects to the design 
specifications which applied to those vehicles described in the 
application for

[[Page 605]]

certification for which a certificate of conformity has been issued and 
to standards prescribed under section 202 of the Act, any manufacturer 
shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer on presentation of credentials 
to both:
    (1) Any facility where any document design, or procedure relating to 
the translation of the design and construction of engines and emission 
related components described in the application for certification or 
used for certification testing into production vehicles is located or 
carried on; and
    (2) Any facility where any motorcycles to be introduced into 
commerce are manufactured or assembled.
    (d) On admission to any such facility referred to in paragraph 
(c)(3) of this section, any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be allowed:
    (1) To inspect and monitor any aspects of such manufacture or 
assembly and other procedures;
    (2) To inspect and make copies of any such records, documents or 
designs; and
    (3) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any such new 
motorcycles and any component used in the assembly thereof that are 
reasonably related to the purpose of his entry.
    (e) Any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be furnished by those in 
charge of a facility being inspected with such reasonable assistance as 
he may request to help him discharge any function listed in this 
paragraph. Each applicant for or recipient of certification is required 
to cause those in charge of a facility operated for its benefit to 
furnish such reasonable assistance without charge to EPA whether or not 
the applicant controls the facility.
    (f) The duty to admit or cause to be admitted any EPA Enforcement 
Officer applies whether or not the applicant owns or controls the 
facility in question and applies both to domestic and to foreign 
manufacturers and facilities. EPA will not attempt to make any 
inspections which it has been informed that local law forbids. However, 
if local law makes it impossible to do what is necessary to insure the 
accuracy of data generated at a facility, no informed judgment that a 
vehicle or engine is certifiable or is covered by a certificate can 
properly be based on that data. It is the responsibility of the 
manufacturer to locate its testing and manufacturing facilities in 
jurisdictions where this situation will not arise.
    (g) For purposes of this section:
    (1) Presentation of credentials shall mean display of the document 
designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer.
    (2) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities 
are concerned, operating hours shall mean all times during which 
personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of 
the area or facility and have access to it.
    (3) Where facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph 
(g)(2) of this section are concerned, operating hours shall mean all 
times during which an assembly line is in operation or all times during 
which testing, maintenance, service accumulation, production or 
compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity related to 
certification testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to 
the production stage, or to vehicle manufacture or assembly is being 
carried out in a facility.
    (4) Reasonable assistance includes, but is not limited to, clerical, 
copying, interpretation and translation services, the making available 
on request of personnel of the facility being inspected during their 
working hours to inform the EPA Enforcement Officer of how the facility 
operates and to answer his questions, and the performance on request of 
emissions tests on any vehicle which is being, has been, or will be used 
for certification testing. Such tests shall be nondestructive, but may 
require appropriate service accumulation. A manufacturer may be 
compelled to cause the personal appearance of any employee at such a 
facility before an EPA Enforcement Officer by written request for his 
appearance, signed by the Assistant Administrator for Enforcement, 
served on the manufacturer. Any such employee who has been instructed by 
the manufacturer to appear will be entitled to be accompanied, 
represented, and advised by counsel. No counsel who accompanies, 
represents, or advises an employee compelled to appear may accompany,

[[Page 606]]

represent, or advise any other person in the investigation.
    (5) Any entry without 24 hours prior written or oral notification to 
the affected manufacturer shall be authorized in writing by the 
Assistant Administrator for Enforcement.



Sec. 86.442-78  Denial, revocation, or suspension of certification.

    (a) Notwithstanding the fact that any certification vehicle(s) may 
comply with other provisions of this subpart, the Administrator may 
withhold or deny the issuance of a certificate of conformity (or suspend 
or revoke any such certificate which has been issued) with respect to 
any such vehicle(s) if:
    (1) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information in his 
application for certification thereof; or
    (2) The manufacturer renders inaccurate or invalid any test data 
which he submits pertaining thereto or otherwise circumvents the intent 
of the Act or of this subpart with respect to such vehicle; or
    (3) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied access on the terms 
specified in Sec. 86.441 to any facility or portion thereof which 
contains any of the following:
    (i) The vehicle, or
    (ii) Any components used or considered for use in its modification 
or build-up into a certification vehicle, or
    (iii) Any production vehicle which is or will be claimed by the 
manufacturer to be covered by the certificate, or
    (iv) Any step in the construction of a vehicle described in 
paragraph (c) of this section, or
    (v) Any records, documents, reports, or histories required by this 
part to be kept concerning any of the above.
    (4) Any EPA Enforcement Officer is denied ``reasonable assistance'' 
(as defined in Sec. 86.444) in examining any of the items listed in 
paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (b) The sanctions of withholding, denying, revoking, or suspending 
of a certificate may be imposed for the reasons in paragraph (a) of this 
section only when the infraction is substantial.
    (c) In any case in which a manufacturer knowingly submits false or 
inaccurate information, or knowingly renders inaccurate or invalid any 
test data, or commits any fraudulent acts and such acts contribute 
substantially to the Administrator's decision to issue a certificate of 
conformity, the Administrator may deem such certificate void ab initio.
    (d) In any case in which certification of a vehicle is proposed to 
be withheld, denied, revoked, or suspended under paragraph (a) (3) or 
(4) of this section, and in which the Administrator has presented to the 
manufacturer involved reasonable evidence that a violation of 
Sec. 86.441 in fact occurred, the manufacturer, if the wishes to contend 
that, even though the violation occurred, the vehicle in question was 
not involved in the violation to a degree that would warrant 
withholding, denial, revocation, or suspension of certification under 
either paragraph (a) (3) or (4) of this section, shall have the burden 
of establishing that contention to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator.
    (e) Any revocation or suspension of certification under paragraph 
(a) of this section shall:
    (1) Be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been offered 
an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.444 
hereof.
    (2) Extend no further than to forbid the introduction into commerce 
of vehicles previously covered by the certification which are still in 
the hands of the manufacturer, except in cases of such fraud or other 
misconduct as makes the certification invalid ab initio.
    (f) The manufacturer may request in the form and manner specified in 
Sec. 86.443 that any determination made by the Administrator under 
paragraph (a) of this section to withhold or deny certification be 
reviewed in a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.444. If the 
Administrator finds, after a review of the request and supporting data, 
that the request raises a substantial factual issue, he will grant the 
request with respect to such issue.

[42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56738, Oct. 28, 1977]



Sec. 86.443-78  Request for hearing.

    Within 30 days following receipt of notification that an application 
has been rejected or that certification has been denied, the 
manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's

[[Page 607]]

determination. The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer and shall include a statement 
specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's 
determinations, and data in support of such objections. If, after the 
review of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that 
the request raises a substantial factual issue, he shall provide the 
manufacturer a hearing with respect to such issue.



Sec. 86.444-78  Hearings on certification.

    (a)(1) After granting a request for a hearing under Sec. 86.443 the 
Administrator will designate a Presiding Officer for the hearing.
    (2) The General Counsel will represent the Environmental Protection 
Agency in any hearing under this section.
    (3) If a time and place for the hearing have not been fixed by the 
Administrator under Sec. 86.443, the hearing shall be held as soon as 
practicable at a time and place fixed by the Administrator or by the 
Presiding Officer.
    (4) In the case of any hearing requested pursuant to Sec. 86.437, 
the Administrator may in his discretion direct that all argument and 
presentation of evidence be concluded within such fixed period not less 
than 30 days as he may establish from the date that the first written 
offer of a hearing is made to the manufacturer. To expedite proceedings, 
the Administrator may direct that the decision of the Presiding Officer 
(who may, but need not be the Administrator himself) shall be the final 
EPA decision.
    (b)(1) Upon his appointment pursuant to paragraph (a) of this 
section, the Presiding Officer will establish a hearing file. The file 
shall consist of the notice issue by the Administrator under a hearing 
and the supporting data submitted therewith and all documents relating 
to the request for certification and all documents submitted therewith, 
and correspondence and other data material to the hearing.
    (2) The appeal file will be available for inspection by the 
applicant at the office of the Presiding Officer.
    (c) An applicant may appear in person, or may be represented by 
counsel or by any other duly authorized representative.
    (d)(1) The Presiding Officer upon the request of any party, or in 
his discretion, may arrange for a prehearing conference at a time and 
place specified by him to consider the following:
    (i) Simplification of the issues;
    (ii) Stipulations, admissions of fact, and the introduction of 
documents;
    (iii) Limitation of the number of expert witnesses;
    (iv) Possibility of agreement disposing of all or any of the issues 
in dispute;
    (v) Such other matters as may aid in the disposition of the hearing, 
including such additional tests as may be agreed upon by the parties.
    (2) The results of the conference shall be reduced to writing by the 
Presiding Officer and made part of the record.
    (e)(1) Hearings shall be conducted by the Presiding Officer in an 
informal but orderly and expeditious manner. The parties may offer oral 
or written evidence, subject to the exclusion by the Presiding Officer 
of irrevelant, immaterial, and repetitious evidence.
    (2) Witnesses will not be required to testify under oath. However, 
the Presiding Officer shall call to the attention of witnesses that 
their statements may be subject to the provisions of title 18 U.S.C. 
1001 which imposes penalties for knowingly making false statements or 
representations, or using false documents in any matter within the 
jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States.
    (3) Any witness may be examined or cross-examined by the Presiding 
Officer, the parties, or their representatives.
    (4) Hearings shall be reported verbatim. Copies of transcripts of 
proceedings may be purchased by the applicant from the reporter.
    (5) All written statements, charts, tabulations, and similar data 
offered in evidence at the hearing shall, upon a showing satisfactory to 
the Presiding Officer of their authenticity, relevancy, and materiality, 
be received in evidence and shall constitute a part of the record.
    (6) Oral argument may be permitted in the discretion of the 
Presiding Officer and shall be reported as part of the

[[Page 608]]

record unless otherwise ordered by him.
    (f)(1) The Presiding Officer shall make an initial decision which 
shall include written findings and conclusions and the reasons or basis 
therefore on all the material issues of fact, law, or discretion 
presented on the record. The findings, conclusions, and written decision 
shall be provided to the parties and made a part of the record. The 
initial decision shall become the decision of the Administrator without 
further proceedings unless there is an appeal to the Administrator or 
motion for review by the Administrator within 20 days of the date the 
initial decision was filed.
    (2) On appeal from or review of the initial decision the 
Administrator shall have all the powers which he would have in making 
the initial decision including the discretion to require or allow 
briefs, oral argument, the taking of additional evidence or the 
remanding to the Presiding Officer for additional proceedings. The 
decision by the Administrator shall include written findings and 
conclusions and the reasons or basis therefore on all the material 
issues of fact, law, or discretion presented on the appeal or considered 
in the review.



Subpart F--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles; Test 
                               Procedures

    Source: 42 FR 1137, Jan. 5, 1977, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.501-78  Applicability.

    (a) This subpart contains the motorcycle test procedures specified 
in subpart E.
    (b) Provisions of this subpart apply to tests performed by both the 
Administrator and motor vehicle manufacturers.



Sec. 86.502-78  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in Sec. 86.402-78 apply to this subpart.
    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.503-78  Abbreviations.

    (a) The abbreviations in Sec. 86.403-78 apply to this subpart.
    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.504-78  Section numbering.

    (a) The section numbering system described in Sec. 86.404-78 is used 
in this subpart.
    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.505-78  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment required and the procedures 
to follow in order to perform exhaust emission tests on motorcycles. 
Subpart E sets forth the testing requirements and test intervals 
necessary to comply with EPA certification procedures.
    (b) Three topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.508 
through 86.515 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.516 through 86.526 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures and data requirements are listed (in approximate order 
of performance) in Secs. 86.527 through 86.544.



Sec. 86.508-78  Dynamometer.

    (a) The dynamometer shall have a single roll with a diameter of at 
least 0.400 metre.
    (b) The dynamometer shall be equipped with a roll revolution counter 
for measuring actual distance traveled.
    (c) Flywheels or other means shall be used to stimulate the inertia 
specified in Sec. 86.529.
    (d) A variable speed cooling blower shall direct air to the vehicle. 
The blower outlet shall be at least 0.40 m 2 (4.31 ft 
2) and shall be squarely positioned between 0.3 m (0.98 ft) 
and 0.45 m (1.48 ft) in front of the vehicle's front wheel. The velocity 
of the air at the blower outlet shall be within the following limits (as 
a function of roll speed):

------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Actual roll speed               Allowable cooling air speed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 km/h to 5 km/h.........................  0 km/h to 10 km/h.
5 km/h to 10 km/h........................  0 km/h to roll speed + 5 km/
                                            h.
10 km/h to 50 km/h.......................  Roll speed plus-minus 5 km/h.
50 km/h to 70 km/h.......................  Roll speed plus-minus 10 pct.
Above 70 km/h............................  At least 63 km/h.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) The dynamometer shall comply with the tolerances in Sec. 86.529.

[42 FR 1137, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56738, Oct. 28, 1977]

[[Page 609]]



Sec. 86.509-90  Exhaust gas sampling system.

    (a)(1) General. The exhaust gas sampling system is designed to 
measure the true mass emissions of vehicle exhaust. In the CVS concept 
of measuring mass emissions, two conditions must be satisfied: the total 
volume of the mixture of exhaust and dilution air must be measured and a 
continuously proportioned volume of sample must be collected for 
analysis. Mass emissions are determined from the sample concentration 
and totalized flow over the test period.
    (2) Vehicle tailpipe to CVS duct. For methanol fueled vehicles, 
cooling of the exhaust gases in the duct connecting the vehicle tailpipe 
to the CVS shall be minimized. This may be accomplished by:
    (i) Using a duct of unrestricted length maintained at a temperature 
above the maximum dew point of the exhaust, but below 121  deg.C (250 
deg.F); heating and possibly cooling capabilities are required; or
    (ii) Using a short duct (up to 12 feet long) constructed of smooth 
wall pipe with a minimum of flexible sections, maintained at a 
temperature above the maximum dew point of the exhaust, but below 121 
deg.C (250  deg.F), prior to the test and during any breaks in the test 
and uninsulated during the test (insulation may remain in place and/or 
heating may occur during testing provided maximum temperature is not 
exceeded); or
    (iii) Using smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating. A maximum of two short flexible connectors are allowed 
under this option; or
    (iv) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the motorcycle tailpipe exit.
    (3) Positive displacement pump. The Positive Displacement Pump-
Constant Volume Sampler (PDP-CVS), Figure F90-1 satisfies the first 
condition by metering at a constant temperature and pressure through the 
pump. The total volume is measured by counting the revolutions made by 
the calibrated positive displacement pump. The proportional samples are 
achieved by sampling at a constant flow rate. For methanol-fueled 
motorcycle sample lines for the methanol and formaldehyde samples are 
heated to prevent condensation. The temperature of the sample lines 
shall be more than 3  deg.C (5  deg.F) above the maximum dew point of 
the sample, but below 121  deg.C (250  deg.F). (Note: For 1990 through 
1994 model year methanol-fueled motorcycles, methanol and formaldehyde 
sampling may be omitted provided the bag sample (hydrocarbons and 
methanol) is analyzed using a HFID calibrated with methanol.)

[[Page 610]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.173

    (4) Critical flow venturi. The operation of the Critical Flow 
Venturi--Constant Volume Sampler (CFV-CVS) sample system, Figure F90-2, 
is based upon the principles of fluid dynamics associated with critical 
flow. Proportional sampling throughout temperature excursions is 
maintained by use of small

[[Page 611]]

CFVs in the sample lines, which respond to the varying temperatures in 
the same manner as the main CFV. For methanol-fueled motorcycles, the 
methanol and formaldehyde sample lines are heated to prevent 
condensation. The temperature of the sample lines shall be more than 3 
deg.C (5  deg.F) above the maximum dew point of the sample, but below 
121  deg.C (250  deg.F). Care must be taken to ensure that the CFVs of 
the sample probes are not heated since heating of the CFVs would cause 
loss of proportionality. (Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year 
methanol-fueled motorcycles, methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be 
omitted provided the bag sample (hydrocarbons and methanol) is analyzed 
using a HFID calibrated with methanol.) Total flow per test is 
determined by continuously computing and integrating instantaneous flow. 
A low response time temperature sensor is necessary for accurate flow 
calculation.

[[Page 612]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.174


[[Page 613]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.175

    (5) Electronic Flow Control. The Critical Flow Venturi--Electronic 
Flow Control--Constant Volume Sampler (CFV-EFC-CVS) system is identical 
to the CFV-CVS system described in paragraphs (a)(4) and (c) of this 
section, except that it maintains proportional sampling for methanol and 
formaldehyde by measuring the CVS flow rate, and electronically 
controlling sample flow rates. It is recommended that sample volumes be 
measured by separate flow meters. For methanol-fueled motorcycles, the 
samples lines for the methanol and formaldehyde samples are heated to 
prevent condensation. The temperature of the sample lines shall be more 
than 20  deg.F (11  deg.C) above

[[Page 614]]

the maximum dew point of the sample, but below 121  deg.C (250  deg.F).
    (6) Other systems. Other sampling systems may be used if shown to 
yield equivalent results, and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator (e.g., a heat exchanger with the CFV-CVS or an electronic 
flow integrator without a heat exchanger, with the PDP-CVS).
    (b) Component description, PDP-CVS. The PDP-CVS, Figure F90-1, 
consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly, heat exchanger, 
positive displacement pump, sampling systems including, probes and 
sampling lines which, in the case of the methanol-fueled motorcycles, 
are heated to prevent condensation (heating of the sample lines may be 
omitted, provided the methanol and formaldehyde sample collection 
systems are close coupled to the probes thereby preventing loss of 
sample due to cooling and resulting condensation in the sample lines), 
and associated valves, pressure and temperature sensors. The PDP-CVS 
shall conform to the following requirements:
    (1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the vehicle 
shall remain within 1.25 kPa (5.02 in 
H2O) of the static pressure variations measured during a 
dynamometer driving cycle with no connection to the tailpipe(s). 
(Sampling systems capable of maintaining the static pressure to within 
0.25 kPa (1.00 in. H2O) will be used 
by the Administrator if a written request substantiates the need for 
this closer tolerance.)
    (2) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the positive displacement pump, shall be within 5 
deg.C (9  deg.F) of the designed operating temperature at the start of 
the test. The gas mixture temperature variation from its value at the 
start of the test shall be limited to 5  deg.C (9  deg.F) 
during the entire test. The temperature measuring system shall have an 
accuracy and precision of 1  deg.C (1.8  deg.F).
    (3) The pressure gauges shall have an accuracy and precision of 
0.4 kPa (3 mm Hg).
    (4) The location of the dilution air inlet shall be placed so as to 
use test-cell air for dilution and the flow capacity of the CVS shall be 
large enough to completely eliminate water condensation in the dilution 
and sampling systems. Control of water condensation with methanol-fueled 
vehicles is critical. Additional care may also be required to eliminate 
water condensation when testing natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled vehicles. (Procedures for determining CVS flow rates are detailed 
in ``Calculation of Emissions and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative 
Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-83-009.) Dehumidifying the dilution air before 
entering the CVS is allowed. Heating the dilution air is also allowed, 
provided:
    (i) The air (or air plus exhaust gas) temperature does not exceed 
121  deg.C (250  deg.F).
    (ii) Calculation of the CVS flow rate necessary to prevent water 
condensation is based on the lowest temperature encountered in the CVS 
prior to sampling. (It is recommended that the CVS system be insulated 
when heated dilution air is used.)
    (iii) The dilution ratio is sufficiently high to prevent 
condensation in bag samples as they cool to room temperature.
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
(hydrocarbons and carbon monoide) shall be of sufficient size so as not 
to impede sample flow. A single dilution air sample, covering the total 
test period, may be collected for the determination of methanol and 
formaldehyde background (methanol-fueled motorcycles).
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to 
collect samples of adequate size for analysis without significant impact 
on the volume of dilute exhaust passing through the PDP. The systems 
shall also comply with the following requirements that apply to the 
design of the systems, not to individual tests:
    (i) The methanol system shall be designed such that if a test 
motorcycle continuously emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol 
(based on all applicable standards) the measured concentration in the 
primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a concentration equal to 
25 times the limit of detection for the GC analyzer.

[[Page 615]]

    (ii) The formaldehyde system shall be designed such that if a test 
motorcycle continuously emitted formaldehyde at a rate equal to twenty 
percent of the maximum allowable level of THCE (i.e., 1.0 g/km for a 5.0 
g/km standard), or the maximum formaldehyde level allowed by a specific 
formaldehyde standard, whichever is less, the concentration of 
formaldehyde in the DNPH solution of the primary impinger, or solution 
resulting from the extraction of the DNPH cartridge, shall exceed either 
2.5 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for 
the HPLC analyzer.
    (iii) The methanol and formaldehyde systems shall be designed such 
that the primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in 
the samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary 
impinger. This requirement does not apply to dilution air samples, since 
they do not require secondary impingers, or to samples in which the 
concentrations approach the limit of detection.
    (c) Component description, CFV-CVS. The CFV-CVS sample system, 
Figure F90-2, consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly, a 
cyclone particulate separator, unheated sampling venturies for the bag 
samples, and for the methanol and formaldehyde samples from methanol-
fueled vehicles, samples lines heated to prevent condensation for the 
methanol and formaldehyde samples from methanol fueled vehicles (heating 
of the sample lines may be omitted provided, the methanol and 
formaldehyde sample collection systems are close coupled to the probes 
thereby preventing loss of sample due to cooling and resulting 
condensation in the sample lines), a critical flow venturi, and assorted 
valves, and pressure and temperature sensors. The CFV sample system 
shall conform to the following requirements:
    (1) Static pressure variations at the tailpipe(s) of the vehicle 
shall remain within 1.25 kPa (5.02 in H2O) of the 
static pressure variations measured during a dynamometer driving cycle 
with no connection to the tailpipe(s). (Sampling systems capable of 
maintaining the static pressure to within 0.25 kPa (1.00 in 
H2O) will be used by the Administrator if a written request 
substantiates the need for this closer tolerance.)
    (2) The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 1  deg.C (1.8  deg.F) and a response time of 
0.100 second to 62.5 percent of a temperature change (as measured in hot 
silicone oil).
    (3) The pressure measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 0.4 kPa (3 mm Hg).
    (4) The location of the dilution air inlet shall be placed so as to 
use test-cell air for dilution and the flow capacity of the CVS shall be 
large enough to completely eliminate water condensation in the dilution 
and sampling systems. Control of water condensation with methanol-fueled 
vehicles is critical. Additional care may also be required to eliminate 
water condensation when testing natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled vehicles. (Procedures for determining CVS flow rates are detailed 
in ``Calculation of Emissions and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative 
Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-83-009.) Dehumidifying the dilution air before 
entering the CVS is allowed. Heating the dilution air is also allowed, 
provided:
    (i) The air (or air plus exhaust gas) temperature does not exceed 
250  deg.F.
    (ii) Calculation of the CVS flow rate necessary to prevent water 
condensation is based on the lowest temperature encountered in the CVS 
prior to sampling. (It is recommended that the CVS system be insulated 
when heated dilution air is used.)
    (iii) The dilution ratio is sufficiently high to prevent 
condensation in bag samples as they cool to room temperature.
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
(hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) shall be of sufficient size so as not 
to impede sample flow. A single dilution air sample, covering the total 
test period, may be collected for the determination of methanol and 
formaldehyde background (methanol-fueled motorcycles).
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to 
collect samples of adequate size for analysis without

[[Page 616]]

significant impact on the volume of dilute exhaust passing through the 
CVS. The systems shall also comply with the following requirements that 
apply to the design of the systems, not to individual tests:
    (i) The methanol system shall be designed such that if a test 
motorcycle continuously emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol 
(based on all applicable standards) the measured concentration in the 
primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a concentration equal to 
25 times the limit of detection for the GC analyzer.
    (ii) The formaldehyde system shall be designed such that if a test 
motorcycle continuously emitted formaldehyde at a rate equal to twenty 
percent of the maximum allowable level of THCE (i.e., 1.0 g/km for a 5.0 
g/km standard), or the maximum formaldehyde level allowed by a specific 
formaldehyde standard, whichever is less, the concentration of 
formaldehyde in the DNPH solution of the primary impinger, or solution 
resulting from the extraction of the DNPH cartridge, shall exceed either 
2.5 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for 
the HPLC analyzer.
    (iii) The methanol and formaldehyde systems shall be designed such 
that the primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in 
the samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary 
impinger. This requirement does not apply to dilution air samples, since 
they do not require secondary impingers, or to samples in which the 
concentrations approach the limit of detection.
    (d) Component description, CFV-EFC-CVS. The CVS sample system is 
identical to the system described in paragraph (c) of this section, plus 
includes a means of electronically measuring the CVS flow rate, and 
electronic mass flow controllers for the methanol and formaldehyde 
sample lines, and separate flow meters to totalize sample flow volumes 
(optional). The EFC sample system shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed in paragraph (c) of this section, except that the 
methanol and formaldehyde samples mat both be drawn from a single static 
probe. It also must comply with the following additional requirements:
    (1) The ratio of the CVS flow rate to the sample flow rate shall not 
deviate from the ratio at the start of the test by more than 
5 percent. (The volumetric sample flow rate shall be varied 
inversely with the square root of the bulk stream temperature.)
    (2) Flow totalizers for methanol and/or formaldehyde samples shall 
have an accuracy of 2 percent. Total sample volumes may be 
obtained from the flow controllers, with the advance approval of the 
administrator, provided that the controllers can be shown to have an 
accuracy of 2 percent.

[54 FR 14539, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48512, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34351, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.511-90  Exhaust gas analytical system.

    (a) Schematic drawings. Figure F90-3 is a schematic drawing of the 
exhaust gas analytical system for analysis of hydrocarbons (HC) 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol in the case of methanol-fueled motorcycles), 
carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxides of 
nitrogen (NOX). Since various configurations can produce 
accurate results, exact conformance with the drawing is not required. 
Additional components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and 
switches may be used to provide additional information and coordinate 
the functions of the component systems

[[Page 617]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.176

    (b) Major component description. The exhaust gas analytical system 
for HC, CO and CO2, Figure F90-3, consists of a flame 
ionization detector (FID) (heated (235 deg.15  deg.C 
(113 deg.8  deg.C)) for methanol-fueled vehicles) for the 
determination of hydrocarbons, nondispersive infrared analyzers (NDIR) 
for the determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and, if 
oxides of nitrogen are measured, a chemiluminescence analyzer (CL) for 
the determination of oxides of nitrogen. The analytical system for 
methanol consists of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame 
ionization detector. The analysis for formaldehyde is performed using 
high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of 2,4-

[[Page 618]]

dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatives using ultraviolet (UV) 
detection. The exhaust gas analytical system shall conform to the 
following requirements:
    (1) The CL requires that the nitrogen dioxide present in the sample 
be converted to nitric oxide before analysis. Other types of analyzers 
may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (2) The carbon monoxide (CO) NDIR analyzer may require a sample 
conditioning column containing CaSO4, or indicating silica 
gel to remove water vapor and containing ascarite to remove carbon 
dioxide from the CO analysis stream.
    (i) If CO instruments which are essentially free of CO2 
and water vapor interference are used, the use of the conditioning 
column may be deleted, see Secs. 86.522 and 86.544.
    (ii) A CO instrument will be considered to be essentially free of 
CO2 and water vapor interference if its response to a mixture 
of 3 percent CO2 in N2 which has been bubbled 
through water at room temperature produces an equivalent CO response, as 
measured on the most sensitive CO range, which is less than 1 percent of 
full scale CO concentration on ranges above 300 ppm full scale or less 
than 3 ppm on ranges below 300 ppm full scale; see Sec. 86.522.
    (c) Other analyzers and equipment. Other types of analyzers and 
equipment may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.

[54 FR 14544, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.513-87  Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

    (a) Gasoline having the following specifications will be used by the 
Administrator in exhaust emission testing. Gasoline having the following 
specifications or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, shall be used by the manufacturer for emission 
testing except that the lead and octane specifications do not apply.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Item designation                             ASTM                     Leaded           Unleaded
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, min.....................  D2699...........................               100                93
Pb (organic), g/liter (g/U.S. gal.).......  D3237...........................         \1\ 0.026         \1\ 0.013
                                                                                   (0.100 max)       (0.050 max)
Distillation Range:.......................  D86.............................
    IBP,  deg.C (  deg.F).................    ..............................           23.9-35           23.9-35
                                                                                       (75-95)           (75-95)
    10 pct. point,  deg.C (  deg.F).......    ..............................         48.9-57.2         48.9-57.2
                                                                                     (120-135)         (120-135)
    50 pct. point,  deg.C (  deg.F).......    ..............................          93.3-110          93.3-110
                                                                                     (200-230)         (200-230)
    90 pct. point,  deg.C (  deg.F).......    ..............................       148.9-162.8       148.9-162.8
                                                                                     (300-325)         (300-325)
    EP,  deg.C (  deg.F)..................    ..............................        212.8(415)        212.8(415)
Sulfur, wt. pct., max.....................  D1266...........................              0.10              0.10
Phosphorus, g/liter (g/U.S. gal), max.....                                              0.0026            0.0013
                                                                                        (0.01)           (0.005)
RVP, KPa (psi)............................  D323............................         55.2-63.4         55.2-63.4
                                                                                     (8.0-9.2)         (8.0-9.2)
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Olefins, pct., max....................  D1319...........................                10                10
    Aromatics, pct., max..................    ..............................                35                35
    Saturates.............................    ..............................             (\2\)             (\2\)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.
\2\ Remainder.

    (b)(1) Gasoline and engine lubricants representative of commercial 
fuels and engine lubricants which will be generally available through 
retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation.
    (2) For leaded fuel the lead content shall not exceed 0.100 gram 
lead per gallon leaded gasoline.
    (3) Where the Administrator determines that vehicles represented by 
a test vehicle will be operated using gasoline of different lead content 
than that prescribed in this paragraph, he may consent in writing to use 
a gasoline with a different lead content.

[[Page 619]]

    (4) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 
4.0 research octane numbers above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer.
    (5) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the fuel used shall be characteristic 
of the motor fuel during the season in which the service accumulation 
takes place.
    (6) If the manufacturer specifies several lubricants to be used by 
the ultimate purchaser, the Administrator will select one to be used 
during service accumulation.
    (c) The specification range of the fuels and engine lubricants to be 
used under paragraph (b) of this section shall be reported in accordance 
with Sec. 86.416.
    (d) The same lubricant(s) shall be used for both service 
accumulation and emission testing.
    (e) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section 
may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator.

[51 FR 24611, July 7, 1986, as amended at 52 FR 47869, Dec. 16, 1987]



Sec. 86.513-90  Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

    (a) Gasoline having the following specifications will be used by the 
Administrator in exhaust emission testing. Gasoline having the following 
specifications or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, shall be used by the manufacturer for emission 
testing except that the octane specifications do not apply.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Item                           ASTM       Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, minimum........................      D2699          96
Lead (organic):
    g/liter......................................      D3237   \1\ 0.013
    (g/U.S. gal.)................................  .........  \1\ (0.050
                                                                       )
Distillation range:
    IBP:
          deg.C..................................        D86     23.9-35
        (  deg.F)................................  .........     (75-95)
    10 pct. point:
          deg.C..................................        D86   48.9-57.2
        (  deg.F)................................  .........   (120-135)
    50 pct. point:
          deg.C..................................        D86    93.3-110
        (  deg.F)................................  .........   (200-230)
    90 pct. point:
          deg.C..................................        D86  148.9-162.
                                                                       8
        (  deg.F)................................  .........   (300-325)
    EP:
          deg.C max..............................        D86       212.8
        (  deg.F)................................  .........       (415)
Sulfur, weight percent, maximum..................      D1266        0.10
Phosphorus:
    g/liter, max.................................      D3231      0.0013
    (g/U.S. gal).................................  .........     (0.005)
RVP, kPa (psi)...................................       D323   55.2-63.4
                                                               (8.0-9.2)
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Olefins, percent, maximum....................      D1319          10
    Aromatics, percent, maximum..................      D1319          35
    Saturates....................................      D1319   Remainder
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.

    (b)(1) Unleaded gasoline and engine lubricants representative of 
commercial fuels and engine lubricants which will be generally available 
through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation.
    (2) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 
4.0 Research octane numbers above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer.
    (3) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the fuel used shall be characteristic 
of the motor fuel during the season in which the service accumulation 
takes place.
    (4) If the manufacturer specifies several lubricants to be used by 
the ultimate purchaser, the Administrator will select one to be used 
during service accumulation.
    (c) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing 
and in service accumulation of methanol-fueled motorcycle vehicles shall 
be representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall 
consist of at least 50 percent methanol by volume.
    (1) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (c).
    (2) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (d) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (1) They are commercially available, and
    (2) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service, 
and
    (3) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (a)(3) of this section 
would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability, and

[[Page 620]]

    (4) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (e) The specification range of the fuels and engine lubricants to be 
used under paragraph (b) of this section shall be reported in accordance 
with Sec. 86.416.
    (f) The same lubricant(s) shall be used for both service 
accumulation and emission testing.
    (g) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section 
may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (h) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
motorcycles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for 
exhaust and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for 
flexible fuel motorcycles shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for 
which the vehicle was designed.
    (2) Manufacturer testing and service accumulation may be performed 
using only those mixtures (mixtures may be different for exhaust 
testing, evaporative testing, and service accumulation) expected to 
result in the highest emissions, provided:
    (i) The fuels which constitute the mixture will be used in customer 
service, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided by 
the manufacturer to show that the designated fuel mixtures would result 
in the highest emissions, and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraph 
(h)(1) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.090 
21(b)(3).

[53 FR 476, Jan. 7, 1988, as amended at 54 FR 14546, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.513-94  Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

    (a) Gasoline. (1) Gasoline having the following specifications will 
be used by the Administrator in exhaust emission testing of gasoline-
fueled motorcycles. Gasoline having the following specifications or 
substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, 
shall be used by the manufacturer for emission testing except that the 
octane specifications do not apply.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Item                           ASTM       Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, minimum........................      D2699          96
Lead (organic):
    g/liter (g/U.S. gal.)........................      D3237    \1\0.013
                                                              \1\(0.050)
Distillation range:
    IBP:  deg.C (  deg.F)........................        D86     23.9-35
                                                                 (75-95)
    10 pct. point:  deg.C (  deg.F)..............        D86   48.9-57.2
                                                               (120-135)
    50 pct. point:  deg.C (  deg.F)..............        D86    93.3-110
                                                               (200-230)
    90 pct. point:  deg.C (  deg.F)..............        D86  148.9-162.
                                                                       8
                                                               (300-325)
    EP: max.  deg.C (  deg.F)....................        D86       212.8
                                                                   (415)
Sulfur, max. wt. %...............................      D1266        0.10
Phosphorus: max. g/liter (g/U.S. gal.)...........      D3231      0.0013
                                                                 (0.005)
RVP kPa (psi)....................................       D323   55.2-63.4
                                                               (8.0-9.2)
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Olefins, max., %.............................      D1319          10
    Aromatics, max., %...........................      D1319          35
    Saturates....................................      D1319   Remainder
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.

    (2) Unleaded gasoline and engine lubricants representative of 
commercial fuels and engine lubricants which will be generally available 
through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation.
    (3) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 
4.0 Research octane numbers above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer.
    (4) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be 
characteristic of commercial gasoline fuel during the season in which 
the service accumulation takes place.
    (b) Methanol fuel. (1) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and 
evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation of methanol-
fueled motorcycles shall be representative of commercially available 
methanol fuel and shall consist of at least 50 percent methanol by 
volume.
    (2) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section.
    (3) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.

[[Page 621]]

    (4) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available; and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2) or (b)(3) 
of this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or 
durability; and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (c) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
motorcycles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for 
exhaust and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for 
flexible fuel motorcycles shall consist of the petroleum fuel listed in 
paragraph (a) of this section and the methanol fuel listed in paragraph 
(b), and shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for which the 
vehicle was designed, as reported in accordance with Sec. 86.90-21. The 
Administrator may use any fuel or fuel mixture within this range for 
testing.
    (2) The fuel mixtures used by the manufacturers shall be sufficient 
to demonstrate compliance over the full design range, and shall include:
    (i) For emission testing,
    (A) The petroleum fuel specified in paragraph (a) or (b),
    (B) A methanol fuel representative of the methanol fuel expected to 
the found in use, as specified in paragraph (b),
    (ii) For service accumulation, an alternating combination of the 
fuels specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) will be used to demonstrate 
the durability of the emission control systems based on good engineering 
judgement. The combination shall be selected such that the cumulative 
volumes of both the methanol fuel and the petroleum fuel used shall be 
at least twenty-five percent of the total fuel volume. The fuels shall 
be alternated at mileage intervals not to exceed 1,000 kilometers.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraph 
(c) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21.
    (d) Natural gas-fuel. (1) Natural gas-fuel having the following 
specifications will be used by the Administrator for exhaust and 
evaporative emission testing of natural gas-fueled motorcycles. Natural 
gas-fuel having the following specifications or substantially similar 
specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used by the 
manufacturer for emission testing.

              Natural Gas Certification Fuel Specifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           ASTM
                                                           test
               Item                                       method   Value
                                                           No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane...........................  min. mole pct.         D1945    89.0
Ethane............................  max. mole pct.         D1945     4.5
C3 and higher.....................  max. mole pct.         D1945     2.3
C6 and higher.....................  max. mole pct.         D1945     0.2
Oxygen............................  max. mole pct.         D1945     0.6
Inert gases:
    Sum of CO2 and N2.............  max. mole pct.         D1945     4.0
Odorant \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The natural gas at ambient conditions must have a distinctive odor
  potent enough for its presence to be detected down to a concentration
  in air of not over 1/5 (one-fifth) of the lower limit of flammability.

    (2) Natural gas-fuel and engine lubricants representative of 
commercial fuels and engine lubricants which will be generally available 
through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation.
    (3) Other natural gas-fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service;
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (e) Liquefied petroleum gas-fuel. (1) Liquefied petroleum gas-fuel 
used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and in service 
accumulation of liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles shall be 
commercially available liquefied petroleum gas-fuel.
    (2) Manufacturers shall recommend the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel 
to be used for testing and service accumulation in accordance with 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section.

[[Page 622]]

    (3) The Administrator shall determine the liquefied petroleum gas-
fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation.
    (4) Other liquefied petroleum gas-fuels may be used for testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (f) Lubricants. (1) If the manufacturer specifies several lubricants 
to be used by the ultimate purchaser, the Administrator will select one 
to be used during service accumulation.
    (2) The same lubricant(s) shall be used for both service 
accumulation and emission testing.
    (g) The specification range of the fuels and of the engine 
lubricants to be used under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) of 
this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.416.
    (h) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel and 
lubricant specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.

[59 FR 48512, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34354, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.514-78  Analytical gases.

    (a) Analyzer gases. (1) Gases for the CO and CO2 
analyzers shall be single blends of CO and CO2 respectively 
using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (2) Gases for the THC analyzer shall be:
    (i) Single blends of propane using air as the diluent; and
    (ii) Optionally, for response factor determination, single blends of 
methanol using air as the diluent.
    (3) Gases for the NOX analyzer shall be single blends of 
NO named as NOX with a maximum NO2 concentration 
of 5 percent of the nominal value using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (5) The allowable zero gas (air or nitrogen) impurity concentrations 
shall not exceed 1 ppm equivalent carbon response, 1 ppm carbon 
monoxide, 0.04 percent (400 ppm) carbon dioxide, and 0.1 ppm nitric 
oxide.
    (6) ``Zero grade air'' includes artificial ``air'' consisting of a 
blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentrations between 18 and 
21 mole percent.
    (7) The use of proportioning and precision blending devices to 
obtain the required analyzer gas concentrations is allowable provided 
their use has been approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (b) Calibration gases (not including methanol) shall be known to 
within 2 percent of true values.
    (c) Methanol in air gases used for response factor determination 
shall:
    (1) Be traceable to within 2 percent of NIST (formerly 
NBS) gas standards, or other gas standards which have been approved by 
the Administrator; and
    (2) Remain within 2 percent of the labeled 
concentration. Demonstration of stability shall be based on a quarterly 
measurement procedure with a precision of 2 percent (two 
standard deviations), or other method approved by the Administrator. The 
measurement procedure may incorporate multiple measurements. If the true 
concentration of the gas changes by more than two percent, but less than 
ten percent, the gas may be relabeled with the new concentration.

[42 FR 1137, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 60 FR 34354, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.515-78  EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.

    (a) The dynamometer driving schedules are listed in appendix I. The 
driving schedules are defined by a smooth trace drawn through the 
specified speed vs. time relationships. They consist of a nonrepetitive 
series of idle, acceleration, cruise, and deceleration modes of various 
time sequences and rates. Appropriate driving schedules are as follows:

Class I--Appendix I(c)
Class II--Appendix I(b)
Class III--Appendix I(b)

    (b) The speed tolerance at any given time on the dynamometer driving 
schedule prescribed in appendix I or as printed on a driver's aid chart 
approved by the Administrator, when conducted

[[Page 623]]

to meet the requirements of Sec. 86.537 is defined by upper and lower 
limits. The upper limit is 3.2 km/h (2 mph) higher than the highest 
point on the trace within 1 second of the given time. The lower limit is 
3.2 km/h (2 mph) lower than the lowest point on the trace within 1 
second of the given time. Speed variations greater than the tolerances 
(such as may occur during gear changes) are acceptable provided they 
occur for less than 2 seconds on any occasion. Speeds lower than those 
prescribed are acceptable provided the vehicle is operated at maximum 
available power during such occurrences. When conducted to meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.532 the speed tolerance shall be as specified 
above, except that the upper and lower limits shall be 6.4 km/h (4 mph).
    (c) Figure F78-4 shows the range of acceptable speed tolerances for 
typical points. Figure F78-4(a) is typical of portions of the speed 
curve which are increasing or decreasing throughout the two second time 
interval. Figure F78-4(b) is typical of portions of the speed curve 
which include a maximum or minimum value.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.177



Sec. 86.516-90  Calibrations, frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in Secs. 86.517 
through 86.526.
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c) At least monthly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) Calibrate the hydrocarbon analyzer, methane analyzer, carbon 
dioxide analyzer, carbon monoxide analyzer, and oxides of nitrogen 
analyzer (certain analyzers may require more frequent calibration 
depending on particular equipment and uses).
    (2) Calibrate the dynamometer. If the dynamometer receives a weekly 
performance check (and remains within

[[Page 624]]

calibration), the monthly calibration need not be performed.
    (3) Check the oxides of nitrogen converter efficiency.
    (d) At least weekly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Perform a CVS system verification, and
    (3) Run a performance check on the dynamometer. This check may be 
omitted if the dynamometer has been calibrated within the preceding 
month.
    (e) The CVS positive displacement pump or Critical Flow Venturi 
shall be calibrated following initial installation, major maintenance or 
as necessary when indicated by the CVS system verification (described in 
Sec. 86.519).
    (f) Sample conditioning columns, if used in the CO analyzer train, 
should be checked at a frequency consistent with observed column life or 
when the indicator of the column packing begins to show deterioration.

[54 FR 14546, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 58423, Nov. 1, 1993; 60 
FR 34354, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.518-78  Dynamometer calibration.

    (a) The dynamometer shall be calibrated at least once each month or 
performance verified at least once each week and then calibrated as 
required. The dynamometer is driven above the test speed range. The 
device used to drive the dynamometer is then disengaged from the 
dynamometer and the roll is allowed to coast down. The kinetic energy of 
the system is dissipated by the dynamometer. This method neglects the 
variations in roll bearing friction due to the drive axle weight of the 
vehicle.
    (b) Calibration shall consist of coasting down the dynamometer for 
each inertia load combination used. Coastdown times for the interval 
from 70 to 60 km/h shall be within the tolerances specified in 
Sec. 86.529. The dynamometer adjustments necessary to produce these 
results shall be noted for future reference.
    (c) The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer 
coastdown at one or more inertia-horsepower settings and comparing the 
coastdown time to the table in Figure F98-9 of Sec. 86.529-98. If the 
coastdown time is outside the tolerance, a new calibration is required.

[42 FR 1137, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 63 FR 11849, Mar. 11, 1998]



Sec. 86.519-78  Constant volume sampler calibration.

    The CVS (Constant Volume Sampler) is calibrated using an accurate 
flowmeter and restrictor valve. Measurements of various parameters are 
made and related to flow through the unit. Procedures used by EPA for 
both PDP (Positive Displacement Pump) and CFV (Critical Flow Venturi) 
are outlined below. Other procedures yielding equivalent results may be 
used if approved in advance by the Administrator. After the calibration 
curve has been obtained, verification of the entire system can be 
performed by injecting a known mass of gas into the system and comparing 
the mass indicated by the system to the true mass injected. An indicated 
error does not necessarily mean that the calibration is wrong, since 
other factors can influence the accuracy of the system, e.g. analyzer 
calibration. A verification procedure is found in paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (a) PDP calibration. (1) The following calibration procedure 
outlines the equipment, the test configuration, and the various 
parameters which must be measured to establish the flow rate of the 
constant volume sampler pump. All the parameters related to the pump are 
simultaneously measured with the parameters related to a flowmeter which 
is connected in series with the pump. The calculated flow rate (at pump 
inlet absolute pressure and temperature) can then be plotted versus a 
correlation function which is the value of a specific combination of 
pump parameters. The linear equation which relates the pump flow and the 
correlation function is then determined. In the event that a CVS has a 
multiple speed drive, a calibration for each range used must be 
performed.
    (2) This calibration procedure is based on the measurement of the 
absolute values of the pump and flowmeter parameters that relate the 
flow rate at each point. Three conditions must be

[[Page 625]]

maintained to assure the accuracy and integrity of the calibration 
curve. First, the pump pressures should be measured at taps on the pump 
rather than at the external piping on the pump inlet and outlet. 
Pressure taps that are mounted at the top center and bottom center of 
the pump drive headplate are exposed to the actual pump cavity 
pressures, and therefore reflect the absolute pressure differentials. 
Secondly, temperature stability must be maintained during the 
calibration. The laminar flowmeter is sensitive to inlet temperature 
oscillations which cause the data points to be scattered. Gradual 
changes (plus-minus1  deg.C (1.8  deg.F)) in temperature are 
acceptable as long as they occur over a period of several minutes. 
Finally, all connections between the flowmeter and the CVS pump must be 
absolutely void of any leakage.
    (3) During an exhaust emission test the measurement of these same 
pump parameters enables the user to calculate the flow rate from the 
calibration equation.
    (4) Connect a system as shown in Figure F78-5. Although particular 
types of equipment are shown, other configurations that yield equivalent 
results may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. For the 
system indicated, the following data with given accuracy are required:

                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Parameter                         Symbol                   Units                  Tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected)......  PB.....................  kPa (in. Hg)...........  plus-minus0.03 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.01 in.
                                                                                          Hg).
Ambient temperature..................  TA.....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......  plus-minus0.3  deg.C
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.54
                                                                                          deg.F).
Air temperature into LFE.............  ETI....................    deg.C (F)............  plus-minus0.15  deg.C
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.27
                                                                                          deg.F).
Pressure depression upstream of LFE..  EPI....................  kPa (in. H2O)..........  plus-minus0.01 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.05 in.
                                                                                          H2O).
Pressure drop across the LFE matrix..  EDP....................  kPa (in. H2O)..........  plus-minus0.001 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.005 in.
                                                                                          H2O).
Air temperature at CVS pump inlet....  PTI....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......  plus-minus0.25  deg.C
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.45
                                                                                          deg.F).
Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet  PPI....................  kPa (in. Fluid)........  plus-minus0.021 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.046 in.
                                                                                          Fluid).
Specific gravity of manometer fluid    Sp. Gr.................  .......................  .......................
 (1.75 oil).
Pressure head at CVS pump outlet.....  PPO....................  kPa (in. Fluid)........  plus-minus0.021 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.046 in.
                                                                                          Fluid).
Air temperature at CVS pump outlet     PTO....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......  plus-minus0.25  deg.C
 (optional).                                                                              (plus-minus0.45
                                                                                          deg.F).
Pump revolutions during test period..  N......................  Revs...................  plus-minus1 Rev.
Elapsed time for test period.........  t......................  s......................  plus-minus0.05 s.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 626]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.178

    (5) After the system has been connected as shown in Figure F78-5, 
set the variable restrictor in the wide open position and run the CVS 
pump for twenty minutes. Record the calibration data.
    (6) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an 
increment of pump inlet depression (about 1.0 kPa (4" H2O)) 
that will yield a minimum of six data points for the total calibration. 
Allow the system to stabilize for 3 minutes and repeat the data 
acquisition.
    (7) Data analysis: (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each 
test point is calculated from the flowmeter data using the 
manufacturer's prescribed method.
    (ii) The air flow rate is then converted to pump flow, 
Vo, per revolution at absolute pump inlet temperature and 
pressure.

Vo = (Qs/n)  x  (Tp/293.15)  x  
(101.325/Pp)

where:
Vo = Pump flow, m 3/revolution (ft 3/
revolution) at Tp, Pp
Qs = Meter air flow rate in standard cubic metres per 
minute, standard conditions are 20  deg.C, 101.325 kPa (68  deg.F, 29.92 
in. Hg).
n = Pump speed in revolutions per minute.
Tp = Pump inlet temperature, K(R) = PTI + 273.15 for English 
units, Tp = PTI + 459.67
Pp = Absolute pump inlet pressure, kPa (in. Hg) = 
PB-PPI for English units, Pp = PB-PPI 
(SP. GR./13.57)
where:
PB = barometric pressure, kPa (in. Hg)
PPI = Pump inlet depression, kPa (in. fluid)
SP. GR. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid relative to water.

    (iii) The correlation function at each test point is then calculated 
from the calibration data:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.103

where:
Xo = correlation function.
Pp = The pressure differential from pump inlet to pump 
outlet, kPa (in. Hg) = Pe-Pp

[[Page 627]]

Pe = Absolute pump outlet pressure, kPa (in. Hg) = 
PB + PPO for English units, Pe = PB + 
PPO(SP. GR./13.57)

where:
PPO = Pressure head at pump outlet, kPa (in. fluid)

    (iv) A linear least squares fit is performed to generate the 
calibration equations which have the forms:

Vo = Do-M(Xo)
n = A-B(Pp)

Do, M, A, and B are the slope-intercept constants describing 
the lines.

    (8) A CVS system that has multiple speeds shall be calibrated on 
each speed used. The calibration curves generated for the ranges will be 
approximately parallel and the intercept values, DQ, will 
increase as the pump flow range decreases.
    (9) If the calibration has been performed carefully, the calculated 
values from the equation will be within plus-minus0.50 
percent of the measured value of VO. Values of M will vary 
from one pump to another, but values of DO for pumps of the 
same make, model, and range should agree within plus-minus3 
percent of each other. Particulate influx from use will cause the pump 
slip to decrease as reflected by lower values for M. Calibrations should 
be performed at pump startup and after major maintenance to assure the 
stability of the pump slip rate. Analysis of mass injection data will 
also reflect pump slip stability.
    (b) CFV calibration. (1) Calibration of the Critical Flow Venturi 
(CFV) is based upon the flow equation for a critical venturi. Gas flow 
is a function of inlet pressure and temperature:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.104

where:
Qs = Flow
Kv = Calibration coefficient
P = Absolute pressure
T = Absolute temperature


The calibration procedure described below establishes the value of the 
calibration coefficient at measured values of pressure, temperature and 
air flow.
    (2) The manufacturer's recommended procedure shall be followed for 
calibrating electronic portions of the CFV.
    (3) Measurements necessary for flow calibration are as follows:

                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Parameter                         Symbol                   Units                  Tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected)......  PB.....................  kPa (in. Hg)...........  plus-minus0.03 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.01 in.
                                                                                          Hg).
Air temperature, flowmeter...........  ETI....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......  plus-minus0.15  deg.C
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.27
                                                                                          deg.F).
Pressure depression upstream of LFE..  EPI....................  kPa (in. H2O)..........  plus-minus0.01 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.05 in.
                                                                                          H2O).
Pressure drop across LFE matrix......  EDP....................  kPa (in. H2O)..........  plus-minus0.001 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.005 in.
                                                                                          H2O).
Air flow.............................  Qs.....................  m 3/min. (ft 3/min)....  plus-minus0.5%.
CFV inlet depression.................  PPI....................  kPa (in. fluid)........  plus-minus0.02 kPa
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.05 in.
                                                                                          fluid).
Temperature at venturi inlet.........  TV.....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......  plus-minus0.25  deg.C
                                                                                          (plus-minus0.45
                                                                                          deg.F).
Specific gravity of manometer fluid    Sp. Gr.................
 (1.75 oil).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 628]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.179

    (4) Set up equipment as shown in Figure F78-6 and check for leaks. 
Any leaks between the flow measuring device and the critical flow 
venturi will seriously affect the accuracy of the calibration.
    (5) Set the variable flow restrictor to the open position, start the 
blower and allow the system to stabilize. Record data from all 
instruments.
    (6) Vary the flow restrictor and make at least 8 readings across the 
critical flow range of the venturi.
    (7) Data analysis. The data recorded during the calibration are to 
be used in the following calculations:

[[Page 629]]

    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is 
calculated from the flow meter data using the manufacturer's prescribed 
method.
    (ii) Calculate values of the calibration coefficient for each test 
point:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.201

where:
Qs = Flow rate, standard conditions are 20  deg.C, 101.325 
kPa (68  deg.F, 29.92 in. Hg)
Tv = Temperature at venturi inlet, K(R).
Pv = Pressure at venturi inlet, kPa (mm Hg) = PB - 
PPI for English units Pv = PB - PPI (SP. GR./
13.57).
where:
PPI = Venturi inlet pressure depression, kPa (in. fluid).
SP. GR. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid, relative to water.

    (iii) Plot Kv as a function of venturi inlet depression. 
For sonic flow, Kv will have a relatively constant value. As 
pressure decreases (vacuum increases), the venturi becomes unchoked and 
Kv decreases (is no longer constant). See Figure F78-7.
    (iv) For a minimum of 8 points in the critical region calculate an 
average Kv and the standard deviation.
    (v) If the standard deviation exceeds 0.3 percent of the average 
Kv take corrective action.
    (c) CVS System Verification. The following ``gravimetric'' technique 
can be used to verify that the CVS and analytical instruments can 
accurately measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system. 
(Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow metering using 
critical flow orifice devices.)
    (1) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane 
or carbon monoxide gas (caution--carbon monoxide is poisonous).
    (2) Determine a reference cylinder weight to the nearest 0.01 grams.
    (3) Operate the CVS in the normal manner and release a quantity of 
pure propane or carbon monoxide into the system during the sampling 
period (approximately 5 minutes).
    (4) The calculations of Sec. 86.544 are performed in the normal way 
except in the case of propane. The density of propane (0.6109 kg/m3 
/carbon atom (17.30 g/ft3 /carbon atom)) is used in place of 
the density of exhaust hydrocarbons. In the case of carbon monoxide, the 
density of 1.164 kg/m3 (32.97 g/ft3 ) is used.
    (5) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the CVS measured mass 
and then divided by the gravimetric mass to determine the percent 
accuracy of the system.
    (6) The cause for any discrepancy greater than 
plus-minus2 percent must be found and corrected.

[42 FR 1137, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 56738, Oct. 28, 1977]



Sec. 86.519-90  Constant volume sampler calibration.

    (a) The CVS (Constant Volume Sampler) is calibrated using an 
accurate flowmeter and restrictor valve. Measurements of various 
parameters are made and related to flow through the unit. Procedures 
used by EPA for both PDP (Positive Displacement Pump) and CFV (Critical 
Flow Venturi) are outlined below. Other procedures yielding equivalent 
results may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. After 
the calibration curve has been obtained, verification of the entire 
system can be performed by injecting a known mass of gas into the system 
and comparing the mass indicated by the system to the true mass 
injected. An indicated error does not necessarily mean that the 
calibration is wrong, since other factors can influence the accuracy of 
the system, e.g., analyzer calibration. A verification procedure is 
found in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) PDP calibration. (1) The following calibration procedures 
outlines the equipment, the test configuration, and the various 
parameters which must be measured to establish the flow rate of the 
constant volume sampler pump. All the parameters related to the pump are 
simultaneously measured with the parameters related to a flowmeter which 
is connected in series with the pump. The calculated flow rate (at pump 
inlet absolute pressure and temperature) can then be plotted versus a 
correlation function which is the value of a specific combination of 
pump parameters. The linear equation which relates the pump flow and the 
correlation function is then determined. In the event that a

[[Page 630]]

CVS has a multiple speed drive, a calibration for each range must be 
performed.
    (2) This calibration procedure is based on the measurement of the 
absolute values of the pump and flowmeter parameters that relate the 
flow rate at each point. Three conditions must be maintained to assure 
the accuracy and integrity of the calibration curve. First, the pump 
pressures should be measured at taps on the pump rather than at the 
external piping on the pump inlet and outlet. Pressure taps that are 
mounted at the top center and bottom center of the pump drive headplate 
are exposed to the actual pump cavity pressures, and therefore reflect 
the absolute pressure differentials. Secondly, temperature stability 
must be maintained during the calibration. The laminar flowmeter is 
sensitive to inlet temperature oscillations which cause the data points 
to be scattered. Gradual changes (1  deg.C (1.8 
deg.F)) in temperature are acceptable as long as they occur over a 
period of several minutes. Finally, all connections between the 
flowmeter and the CVS pump must be absolutely void of any leakage.
    (3) During an exhaust emission test the measurement of these same 
pump parameters enables the user to calculate the flow rate from the 
calibration equation.
    (4) Connect a system as shown in Figure F78-5. Although particular 
types of equipment are shown, other configurations that yield equivalent 
results may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. For the 
system indicated, the following data with given accuracy are required:

                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Parameter                        Symbol                    Units                 Tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure corrected........   PB....................   kPa (in. Hg)..........   0.03 kPa
                                                                                          (0.01 in.
                                                                                          Hg)
Ambient temperature..................  TA.....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......   0.3  deg.C
                                                                                          (0.54
                                                                                          deg.F)
Air Temperature into LFE.............   ETI...................    deg.C (  deg.F)......   0.15
                                                                                          deg.C (0.27  deg.F)
Pressure depression upstream of LFE..   EPI...................   kPa (in. H2O).........   0.01 kPa
                                                                                          (0.05 in.
                                                                                          H2O)
Pressure drop across the LFE matrix..   EDP...................   kPa (in. H2O).........   0.001 kPa
                                                                                          (0.005 in.
                                                                                          H2O)
Air temperature at CVS pump inlet....   PTI...................    deg.C (  deg.F)......   0.25
                                                                                          deg.C (0.45  deg.F)
Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet   PPI...................   kPa (in. Fluid).......   0.021 kPa
                                                                                          (0.046 in.
                                                                                          Fluid)
Specific gravity of manometer fluid     Sp Gr.................  .......................  .......................
 (1.75 oil)..
Pressure head at CVS pump outlet.....   PPO...................   kPa (in. Fluid).......   0.21 kPa
                                                                                          (0.046 in.
                                                                                          Fluid)
Air temperature at CVS pump outlet      PTO...................    deg.C (  deg.F)......   0.25
 (optional).                                                                              deg.C (0.45  deg.F)
Pump revolutions during test period..   N.....................   Revs..................    l Rev.
Elapsed time for test period.........   t.....................   sec...................   0.05 sec.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (5) After the system has been connected as shown in Figure F78-6, 
set the variable restrictor in the wide open position and run the CVS 
pump for twenty minutes. Record the calibration data.
    (6) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an 
increment of pump inlet depression (about 1.0 kPa (4 in. 
H2O)) that will yield a minimum of six data points for the 
total calibration. Allow the system to stabilize for 3 minutes and 
repeat the data acquisition.
    (7) Data analysis:
    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is 
calculated from the flowmeter data using the manufacturers' prescribed 
method.
    (ii) The air flow rate is then converted to pump flow, Vo 
in m\3\ per revolution at absolute pump inlet temperature and pressure.
    Vo = (Qs/n)  x  (Tp/293)  x  
(101.3/Pp)

Where:
    (A) Vo = Pump flow, m\3\/rev (ft\3\/rev) at 
Tp, Pp.
    (B) Qs = Meter air flow rate in standard cubic meters per 
minute; standard conditions are 20  deg.C, 101.3 kPa (68  deg.F, 29.92 
in. Hg).
    (C) n = Pump speed in revolutions per minute.
    (D)(1) Tp = Pump inlet temperature, ( deg.K) = PTI + 273.
    (2) For English units, Tp = PTI + 460.
    (E)(1) Pp = Absolute pump inlet pressure, kPa (in. Hg) = 
PB - PPI.
    (2) For English units, Pp = PB - PPI(SP.GR./
13.57).

Where:

[[Page 631]]

    (F) PB = barometric pressure, kPa (in. Hg.).
    (G) PPI = Pump inlet depression, kPa (in. fluid).
    (H) SP.GR. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid relative to water.
    (iii) The correlation function at each test point is then calculated 
from the calibration data:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.105


Where:
    (A) Xo = correlation function.
    (B)  Pp = The pressure differential from pump 
inlet to pump outlet, kPa (in. Hg) = Pe - Pp.
    (C)(1) Pe = Absolute pump outlet pressure, kPa (in. Hg) = 
PB + PPO.
    (2) For English units, Pe = PB + PPO(SP.GR./
13.57).

Where:
    (D) PPO = Pressure head at pump outlet, kPa (in. fluid).
    (iv) A linear least squares fit is performed to generate the 
calibration equations which have the forms:
    Vo = Do - M(Xo)
    n = A - B( Pp)
    D0' M, A, and B are the slope-intercept constants, 
describing the lines.
    (8) A CVS system that has multiple speeds shall be calibrated on 
each speed used. The calibration curves generated for the ranges will be 
approximately parallel and the intercept values, D0' will 
increase as the pump flow range decreases.
    (9) If the calibration has been performed carefully, the calculated 
values from the equation will be within 0.50 percent of the 
measured value of Vo. Values of M will vary from one pump to 
another, but values of Do for pumps of the same make, model, 
and range should agree within 3 percent of each other. 
Particulate influx from use will cause the pump slip to decrease as 
reflected by lower values for M. Calibrations should be performed at 
pump startup and after major maintenance to assure the stability of the 
pump slip rate. Analysis of mass injection data will also reflect pump 
slip stability.
    (c) CFV calibration. (1) Calibration of the Critical Flow Venturi 
(CFV) is based upon the flow equation for a critical venturi. Gas flow 
is a function of inlet pressure and temperature:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.106


Where:
    (i) Qs = Flow.
    (ii) Kv = Calibration coefficient.
    (iii) P = Absolute pressure.
    (iv) T = Absolute temperature.
    The calibration procedure described below establishes the value of 
the calibration coefficient at the measured values of pressure, 
temperature and air flow.
    (2) The manufacturer's recommended procedure shall be followed for 
calibrating electronic portions of the CFV.
    (3) Measurements necessary for flow calibration are as follows:

                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Parameter                         Symbol                   Units                  Tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected)......  PB.....................  kPa (in. Hg)...........  0.03 kPa
                                                                                          (0.01 in.
                                                                                          Hg)
Air temperature, flowmeter...........  ETI....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......  0.15  deg.C
                                                                                          (0.27
                                                                                          deg.F)
Pressure depression upstream of LFE..  EPI....................  kPa (in. H2O)..........  0.01kPa
                                                                                          (0.05 in.
                                                                                          H2O)
Pressure drop across LFE matrix......  EDP....................  kPa (in. H2O)..........  0.001 kPa
                                                                                          (0.005 in.
                                                                                          H2O)
Air flow.............................  Qs.....................  m\3\/min (ft\3\/min)...  0.5%
CFV inlet depression.................  PPI....................  kPa (in. fluid)........  0.02 kPa
                                                                                          (0.05 in.
                                                                                          fluid)
Temperature at venturi inlet.........  Tv.....................    deg.C (  deg.F)......  0.25  deg.C
                                                                                          (0.45
                                                                                          deg.F)
Specific gravity of manometer fluid    Sp Gr..................  . . ...................  . . .
 (1.75 oil).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) Set up equipment as shown in Figure F78-6 and check for leaks. 
Any leaks between the flow measuring device and the critical flow 
venturi will seriously affect the accuracy of the calibration.
    (5) Set the variable flow restrictor to the open position, start the 
blower and allow the system to stabilize. Record data from all 
instruments.

[[Page 632]]

    (6) Vary the flow restrictor and make at least 8 readings across the 
critical flow range of the venturi.
    (7) Data analysis. The data recorded during the calibration are to 
be used in the following calculations:
    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is 
calculated from the flowmeter data using the manufacturer's prescribed 
method.
    (ii) Calculate values of the calibration coefficient for each test 
point:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.107


Where:
    (A) Qs = Flow rate in m\3\/minute, standard conditions 
are 20  deg.C, 101.3 kPa (68  deg.F, 29.92 in. Hg)
    (B) Tv = Temperature at venturi inlet,  deg.K( deg.R).
    (C)(1) Pv = Pressure at venturi inlet, kPa (mm Hg) = 
PB-PPI.
    (2) For English units, Pv = PB - PPI (SP.GR./
13.57).

Where:
    (D) PPI = Venturi inlet pressure depression, kPa (in. fluid).
    (E) SP.GR.=Specific gravity of manometer fluid, relative to water.
    (iii) Plot Kv as a function of venturi inlet depression. 
For sonic flow, Kv will have a relatively constant value. As 
pressure decreases (vacuum increases), the venturi becomes unchoked and 
Kv decreases (is no longer constant). See Figure F78-7.
    (iv) For a minimum of 8 points in the critical region, calculate an 
average Kv and the standard deviation.
    (v) If the standard deviation exceeds 0.3 percent of the average 
Kv, take corrective action.
    (d) CVS system verification. The following ``gravimetric'' technique 
can be used to verify that the CVS and analytical instruments can 
accurately measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system. 
If the CVS and analytical system will be used only in the testing of 
gasoline-fueled vehicles, the system verification may be performed using 
either propane or carbon monoxide. If the CVS and analytical system will 
be used with methanol-fueled vehicles as well as gasoline-fueled 
vehicles, system verification performance check must include a methanol 
check in addition to either the propane or carbon monoxide check. 
(Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow metering using 
critical flow orifice devices.)
    (1) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane 
or carbon monoxide gas (CAUTION--carbon monoxide is poisonous).
    (2) Determine a reference cylinder weight to the nearest 0.01 grams.
    (3) Operate the CVS in the normal manner and release a quantity of 
pure propane or carbon monoxide into the system during the sampling 
period (approximately 5 minutes).
    (4) Following completion of step (3) above (if methanol injection is 
required), continue to operate the CVS in the normal manner and release 
a known quantity of pure methanol (in gaseous form) into the system 
during the sampling period (approximately 5 minutes). This step does not 
need to be performed with each verification, provided that it is 
performed at least twice annually.
    (5) The calculations of Sec. 86.544 are performed in the normal way 
except in the case of propane. The density of propane (0.6109 kg/m\3\/
carbon atom (17.30 g/ft\3\/carbon atom)) is used in place of the density 
of exhaust hydrocarbons. In the case of carbon monoxide, the density of 
1.164 kg/m\3\ (32.97 g/ft\3\) is used. In the case of methanol, the 
density of 1.332 kg/m\3\ (37.71 g/ft\3\) is used.
    (6) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the CVS measured mass 
and then divided by the gravimetric mass to determine the percent 
accuracy of the system.
    (7) The cause for any discrepancy greater than 2 percent 
must be found and corrected. The Administrator, upon request, may waive 
the requirement to comply with 2 percent methanol recovery 
tolerance, and instead require compliance with a higher tolerance (not 
to exceed 6 percent), provided that:
    (i) The Administrator determines that compliance with the specified 
tolerance is not practically feasible; and
    (ii) The manufacturer makes information available to the 
Administrator which indicates that the calibration tests and their 
results are consistent

[[Page 633]]

with good laboratory practice, and that the results are consistent with 
the results of calibration testing conducted by the Administrator.

[54 FR 14546, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34355, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.521-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    (a) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall receive the following initial 
and periodic calibration. The HFID used with methanol-fueled vehicles 
shall be operated at 235  deg.F15  deg.F (113 
deg.C8  deg.C).
    (b) Initial and periodic optimization of detector response. Prior to 
its introduction into service and at least annually thereafter, the FID 
hydrocarbon analyzer shall be adjusted for optimum hydrocarbon response. 
Analyzers used with petroleum fuels and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel 
shall be optimized using propane. Analyzers used with natural gas-fuel 
for measurement of hydrocarbons shall be optimized using methane. If a 
single analyzer is used for all measurements, it shall be optimized 
using propane and its response factor for methane shall be determined 
and accounted for in measurements of total hydrocarbons from natural 
gas-fuel. Alternate methods yielding equivalent results may be used, if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions or good engineering 
practice for instrument startup and basic operating adjustment using the 
appropriate FID fuel and zero-grade air.
    (2) Optimize on the most common operating range. Introduce into the 
analyzer a propane (methane as appropriate) in air mixture (methanol in 
air mixture for methanol-fueled vehicles when optional methanol 
calibrated FID procedure is used during the 1990 through 1994 model 
year) with a propane (or methane or methanol as appropriate) 
concentration equal to approximately 90 percent of the most common 
operating range.
    (3) Select an operating FID fuel flow rate that will give near 
maximum response and least variation in response with minor fuel flow 
variations.
    (4) To determine the optimum air flow, use the FID fuel flow setting 
determined above and vary air flow.
    (5) After the optimum flow rates have been determined, record them 
for future reference.
    (c) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter the FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be 
calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges, and, if applicable, 
the methanol response factor shall be determined (paragraph (d) of this 
section). Use the same flow rate as when analyzing sample.
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the hydrocarbon analyzer with zero grade air.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with propane in 
air (or methanol or methane in air as appropriate) calibration gases 
having nominal concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 percent of 
that range. For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least 
squares best-fit straight line is two percent or less of the value at 
each data point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a 
single calibration factor for that range. If the deviation exceeds two 
percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear equation which represents 
the data to within two percent of each test point shall be used to 
determine concentration.
    (d) FID response factor to methanol. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of hydrocarbon samples containing methanol, the 
methanol response factor of the analyzer shall be established. The 
methanol response factor shall be determined at several concentrations 
in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample, using either bag 
samples or gas bottles meeting the requirements of Sec. 86.514.
    (1) The bag sample, if used, of methanol for analysis in the FID 
shall be prepared using the apparatus shown in Figure F90-4. A known 
volume of methanol is injected, using a microliter syringe, into the 
heated mixing zone (250  deg.F (121  deg.C)) of the apparatus. The 
methanol is vaporized and swept into the sample bag with a known volume 
of zero grade air measured by a gas flow meter meeting the performance 
requirements of Sec. 86.120.

[[Page 634]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.180

    (2) The bag sample is analyzed using the FID.
    (3) The FID response factor, r, is calculated as follows:
    r = FIDppm/SAMppm

Where:
    (i) r = FID response factor.

[[Page 635]]

    (ii) FIDppm = FID reading, ppmC.
    (iii) SAMppm=methanol concentration in the sample bag, or gas 
bottle, in ppmC. SAMppm for sample bags:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.108

Where:
    (iv) 0.02406 = Volume of one mole at 101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg) and 20 
 deg.C (68  deg.F), m\3\.
    (v) Fuel injected = Volume of methanol injected, ml.
    (vi) Fuel Density = Density of methanol, 0.7914 g/ml
    (vii) Air volume = Volume of zero grade air, m\3\
    (viii) Mol. Wt. CH3OH = 32.04
    (e) FID response factor to methane. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of natural gas-fueled motorcycle hydrocarbon 
samples, the methane response factor of the analyzer shall be 
established. To determine the total hydrocarbon FID response to methane, 
known methane in air concentrations traceable to National Institute of 
Standards and Technology (NIST) shall be analyzed by the FID. Several 
methane concentrations shall be analyzed by the FID in the range of 
concentrations in the exhaust sample. The total hydrocarbon FID response 
to methane is calculated as follows:
rCH4 = FIDppm/SAMppm

Where:
(1) rCH4 = FID response factor to methane.
(2) FIDppm = FID reading in ppmC.
(3) SAMppm = the known methane concentration in ppmC.

[54 FR 14546, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48514, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34355, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.522-78  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.

    (a) Initial and periodic interference check. Prior to its 
introduction into service and annually thereafter the NDIR carbon 
monoxide analyzer shall be checked for response to water vapor and 
CO2:
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument 
startup and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance on 
the most sensitive range.
    (2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either zero grade air or 
zero grade nitrogen.
    (3) Bubble a mixture of 3 percent CO2 in N2 
through water at room temperature and record analyzer response.
    (4) An analyzer response of more than 1 percent of full scale for 
ranges above 300 ppm full scale or of more than 3 ppm on ranges below 
300 ppm full scale will require corrective action. (Use of conditioning 
columns is one form of corrective action which may be taken.)
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter the NDIR carbon monoxide analyzer shall 
be calibrated.
    (1) Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either zero grade air or 
zero grade nitrogen.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with carbon 
monoxide in N2 calibration gases having nominal 
concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range. 
Additional calibration points may be generated. For each range 
calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line 
is 2 percent or less of the value at each data point, concentration 
values may be calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that 
range. If the deviation exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit 
non-linear equation which represents the data to within 2 percent of 
each test point shall be used to determine concentration.



Sec. 86.523-78  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.

    (a) Prior to introduction into service and at least monthly 
thereafter, if oxides of nitrogen are measured, the chemiluminescent 
oxides of nitrogen analyzer must be checked for NO2 to NO 
converter efficiency. Figure F78-8 is a reference for paragraphs (a) (1) 
through (11) of this section.

[[Page 636]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.181

    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument startup 
and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero grade air or zero 
grade nitrogen.
    (3) Connect the outlet of the NOX generator to the sample 
inlet of the oxides of nitrogen analyzer which has been set to the most 
common operating range.
    (4) Introduce into the NOX generator analyzer-system a NO 
in nitrogen (N2) mixture with a NO concentration equal to 
approximately 80 percent of the most common operating range. The 
NO2 content of the gas mixture shall be less than 5 percent 
of the NO concentration.
    (5) With the oxides of nitrogen analyzer in the NO mode, record the 
concentration of NO indicated by the analyzer.
    (6) Turn on the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply and adjust the O2 (or air) flow rate so that the NO 
indicated by the analyzer is about 10 percent less than indicated in 
step 5. Record the concentration of NO in this NO+O2 mixture.
    (7) Switch the NOX generator to the generation mode and 
adjust the generation rate so that the NO measured on

[[Page 637]]

the analyzer is 20 percent of that measured in step 5. There must be at 
least 10 percent unreacted NO at this point. Record the concentration of 
residual NO.
    (8) Switch the oxides of nitrogen analyzer to the NOX 
mode and measure total NOX. Record this value.
    (9) Switch off the NOX generation but maintain gas flow 
through the system. The oxides of nitrogen analyzer will indicate the 
NOX in the NO+O2 mixture. Record this value.
    (10) Turn off the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply. The analyzer will now indicate the NOX in the 
original NO in N2 mixture. This value should be no more than 
5 percent above the value indicated in step 4.
    (11) Calculate the efficiency of the NOX converter by 
substituting the concentrations obtained into the following equation:
Percent Efficiency = [1 + (a-b)/(c-d)]x100

where:
a = concentration obtained in step (8).
b = concentration obtained in step (9).
c = concentration obtained in step (6).
d = concentration obtained in step (7).


If converter efficiency is not greater than 90 percent corrective action 
will be required.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter, if oxides of nitrogen are measured, the 
chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen analyzer shall be calibrated on all 
normally used instrument ranges. Use the same flow rate as when 
analyzing samples. Proceed as follows:
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero grade air or zero 
grade nitrogen.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with NO in 
N2 calibration gases with nominal concentrations of 50 and 
100 percent of that range. Additional calibration points may be 
generated.
    (c) When testing methanol-fueled motorcycles, it may be necessary to 
clean the analyzer frequently to prevent interference with 
NOX measurements (see EPA/600/S3-88/040).

[42 FR 1137, Jan. 5, 1977, as amended at 52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987; 58 
FR 58423, Nov. 1, 1993; 60 FR 34357, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.524-78  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

    (a) Prior to its introduction into service and monthly thereafter 
the NDIR carbon dioxide analyzer shall be calibrated:
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument startup 
and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the carbon dioxide analyzer with either zero grade air or 
zero grade nitrogen.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with carbon 
dioxide in N2 calibration gases with nominal concentrations 
of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range. Additional 
calibration points may be generated. For each range calibrated, if the 
deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line is 2 percent or 
less of the value at each data point, concentration values may be 
calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that range. If the 
deviation exceeds 2 percent at any point, the best-fit non-linear 
equation which represents the data to within 2 percent of each test 
point shall be used to determine concentration.
    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.526-90  Calibration of other equipment.

    Other test equipment used for testing shall be calibrated as often 
as required by the manufacturer or as necessary according to good 
practice. Specific equipment requiring calibration is the gas 
chromatograph and flame ionization detector used in measuring methanol 
and the high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and ultraviolet 
detector for measuring formaldehyde.

[54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.527-90  Test procedures, overview.

    (a) The procedures described in this and subsequent sections are 
used to determine the conformity of motorcycles with the standards set 
forth in subpart E of this part.

[[Page 638]]

    (b) The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling, 
parking, and operating conditions.
    (c) The exhaust emission test is designed to determine hydrocarbon 
(gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
motorcycles), methanol, formaldehyde, and hydrocarbon (methanol-fueled 
motorcycles), carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen mass emissions 
while simulating an average trip in an urban area. The test consists of 
engine startups and motorcycle operation on a chassis dynamometer, 
through a specified driving schedule. A proportional part of the diluted 
exhaust emissions is collected continuously for subsequent analysis, 
using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler.
    (d) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all 
emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new 
motorcycle shall be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. 
Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be 
authorized in accordance with subpart E of this part.
    (e) Background concentrations are measured for all species for which 
emissions measurements are made. For exhaust testing, this requires 
sampling and analysis of the dilution air. (When testing methanol-fueled 
motorcycles, manufacturers may choose not to measure background 
concentrations of methanol and/or formaldehyde, and then assume that the 
concentrations are zero during calculations.)

[54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48515, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34357, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.528-78  Transmissions.

    (a) Vehicles equipped with transfer cases, multiple sprockets, etc., 
shall be tested in the manufacturer's recommended configuration for 
street or highway use. If more than one configuration is recommended or 
if the recommendation is deemed unreasonable by the Administrator, the 
Administrator will specify the test configuration.
    (b) All tests shall be conducted with automatic transmissions in 
``Drive'' (highest gear). Automatic clutch-torque converter 
transmissions may be shifted as manual transmissions at the option of 
the manufacturer.
    (c) Idle modes shall be run with automatic transmissions in 
``Drive'' and the wheels braked, manual transmission shall be in gear 
with the clutch disengaged; except first idle, see Secs. 86.536 and 
86.537.
    (d) The vehicle shall be driven with minimum throttle movement to 
maintain the desired speed. No simultaneous use of brake and throttle 
shall be permitted.
    (e) Acceleration modes shall be driven smoothly. Automatic 
transmissions shall shift automatically through the normal sequence of 
gears; manual transmissions shall be shifted as recommended by the 
manufacturer to the ultimate purchaser (unless determined to be 
unreasonable by the Administrator) with the operator closing the 
throttle during each shift and accomplishing the shift with minimum 
time. If the vehicle cannot accelerate at the specified rate, the 
vehicle shall be operated with the throttle fully opened until the 
vehicle speed reaches the value prescribed for that time in the driving 
schedule.
    (f) The deceleration modes shall be run in gear using brakes or 
throttle as necessary to maintain the desired speed. Manual transmission 
vehicles shall be downshifted using the same shift points as when 
upshifting or as recommended by the manufacturer in the vehicle owner's 
manual. All downshifts shall be made smoothly, disengaging the clutch 
while shifting and engaging the clutch once the lower gear has been 
selected. For those modes which require the vehicle to decelerate to 
zero, manual transmission clutches shall be disengaged when the speed 
drops below 15 km/h (9.3 mph) for vehicles with engine displacements 
equal to or greater than 280 cc (17.1 cu. in.), when the speed drops 
below 10 km/h (6.2 mph) for vehicles with engine displacements less than 
280 cc (17.1 cu. in.), when engine roughness is evident, or when engine 
stalling is imminent.
    (g) If downshifting during deceleration is not permitted in the 
vehicle owner's manual, manual transmissions will be downshifted at the 
beginning of or during a power mode if recommended by the manufacturer 
or if

[[Page 639]]

the engine obviously is lugging. For those modes which require these 
vehicles to decelerate to zero, manual transmission clutches shall be 
disengaged when the speed drops below 25 km/h (15.5 mph) for vehicles 
with engine displacement equal to or greater than 280 cc (17.1 cu. in.), 
when the speed drops below 20 km/h (12.4 mph) for vehicles with engine 
displacements less than 280 cc (17.1 cu. in.), when engine roughness is 
evident, or when engine stalling is imminent. While the clutch is 
disengaged and during these deceleration modes, the vehicle shall be 
shifted to the appropriate gear for starting the next mode.
    (h) If shift speeds are not recommended by the manufacturer, manual 
transmission vehicles shall be shifted as follows:
    (1) For Class I and II motorcycles:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Shift                                Speed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st to 2d gear.......................  19 km/h (11.8 mi/h).
2d to 3d gear........................  33 km/h (20.5 mi/h).
3d to 4th gear.......................  44 km/h (27.3 mi/h).
4th to 5th gear......................  53 km/h (32.9 mi/h).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) For Class III motorcycles:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Shift                                Speed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st to 2d gear.......................  30 km/h (18.6 mi/h).
2d to 3d gear........................  45 km/h (28.0 mi/h).
3d to 4th gear.......................  60 km/h (37.3 mi/h).
4th to 5th gear......................  75 km/h (46.6 mi/h).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) Higher gears may be used at the manufacturer's option.



Sec. 86.529-78  Road load force and inertia weight determination.

    (a) Road load as a function of speed is given by the following 
equation:

F = A + CV 2

The values for coefficients A and C and the test inertia are given 
in Figure F78-9. Velocity (V) is in km/h and force (F) is in newtons. 
The forces given by this equation shall be simulated to the best ability 
of the equipment being used.
    (b) The inertia given in Figure F78-9 shall be used. Motorcycles 
with loaded vehicle mass outside these limits shall be tested at an 
equivalent inertial mass and road load force specified by the 
Administrator.

                                                  Figure F78-9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Force coefficients                      70 to 60 kn/h coastdown
                                         ------------------------                      calibration times
                              Equivalent                           Force at  -----------------------------------
  Loaded vehicle mass (kg)     inertial                             65 km/h                 Allowable tolerance
                               mass (kg)    A (nt)    C (nt/(km/     (nt)       Target   -----------------------
                                                        h) \2\)               time (sec)    Longest    Shortest
                                                                                          time (sec)  time (sec)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95-105......................         100         0.0       0.224        94.8        2.95         3.1         2.8
106-115.....................         110        0.82       .0227        96.8        3.18         3.3         3.0
116-125.....................         120        1.70       .0230        98.8        3.39         3.6         3.2
126-135.....................         130        2.57       .0233       100.9        3.60         3.8         3.4
136-145.....................         140        3.44       .0235       102.9        3.80         4.0         3.6
146-155.....................         150        4.32       0.230       104.9        3.99         4.2         3.8
156-165.....................         160        5.19       .0241       107.0        4.10         4.4         4.0
166-175.....................         170        6.06       .0244       109.0        4.36         4.6         4.2
176-185.....................         180        6.94       .0246       111.0        4.53         4.7         4.3
186-195.....................         190        7.81       .0249       113.1        4.69         4.9         4.5
196-205.....................         200        8.69       .0252       115.1        4.85         5.1         4.6
206-215.....................         210        9.56       .0255       117.1        5.00         5.2         4.8
216-225.....................         220       10.43       .0257       119.2        5.15         5.4         4.9
226-235.....................         230       11.31       .0260       121.2        5.30         5.5         5.1
236-245.....................         240       12.18       .0263       123.2        5.43         5.7         5.2
246-255.....................         250       13.06       .0266       125.3        5.57         5.8         5.4
256-265.....................         260       13.93       .0268       127.3        5.70         5.9         5.5
266-275.....................         270       14.80       .0271       129.3        5.82         6.1         5.6
276-285.....................         280       15.68       .0274       131.4        5.95         6.2         5.7
286-295.....................         290       16.55       .0277       133.4        6.06         6.3         5.8
296-305.....................         300       17.43       .0279       135.4        6.18         6.4         6.0
306-315.....................         310       18.39       .0282       137.5        6.29         6.5         6.1
316-325.....................         320       19.17       .0285       139.5        6.40         6.6         6.2
326-335.....................         330       30.05       .0288       141.6        6.50         6.7         6.3
336-345.....................         340       20.92       .0290       143.6        6.60         6.8         6.4
346-355.....................         350       21.80       .0293       145.6        6.70         6.9         6.5
356-365.....................         360       22.67       .0296       147.7        6.80         7.0         6.6
366-375.....................         370       23.54       .0299       149.7        6.89         7.1         6.7
376-385.....................         380       24.42       .0301       151.7        6.98         7.2         6.8

[[Page 640]]

 
386-395.....................         390       25.29       .0304       153.8        7.07         7.3         6.9
396-405.....................         400       26.17       .0307       155.8        7.16         7.4         6.9
406-415.....................         410       27.04       .0310       157.8        7.24         7.5         7.0
416-425.....................         420       27.91       .0312       159.9        7.33         7.6         7.1
426-435.....................         430       28.79       .0315       161.9        7.41         7.6         7.2
436-445.....................         440       29.66       .0317       163.7        7.49         7.7         7.3
446-455.....................         450       30.54       .0318       164.9        7.61         7.8         7.4
456-465.....................         460       31.41       .0319       166.0        7.73         8.0         7.5
466-475.....................         470       32.28       .0319       167.1        7.84         8.1         7.6
476-485.....................         480       33.16       .0320       168.3        7.95         8.2         7.7
486-495.....................         490       43.03       .0320       169.4        8.06         8.3         7.8
496-505.....................         500       34.90       .0321       170.5        8.17         8.4         7.9
506-515.....................         510       35.78       .0322       171.7        8.28         8.5         8.0
516-525.....................         520       36.65       .0322       172.8        8.39         8.6         8.2
526-535.....................         530       37.53       .0323       173.9        8.49         8.7         8.3
536-545.....................         540       38.40       .0323       175.1        8.60         8.8         8.4
546-555.....................         550       39.27       .0324       176.2        8.70         9.0         8.5
556-565.....................         560       40.15       .0325       177.3        8.80         9.1         8.6
566-575.....................         570       41.02       .0325       178.5        8.90         9.2         8.7
576-585.....................         580       41.90       .0326       179.6        9.00         9.3         8.8
586-595.....................         590       42.77       .0327       180.8        9.10         9.4         8.9
596-605.....................         600       43.64       .0327       181.9        9.19         9.5         8.9
606-615.....................         610       44.52       .0328       183.0        9.29         9.5         9.0
616-625.....................         620       45.39       .0328       184.2        9.38         9.6         9.1
626-635.....................         630       46.27       .0329       185.3        9.47         9.7         9.2
636-645.....................         640       47.14       .0330       186.4        9.56         9.8         9.3
646-655.....................         650       48.01       .0330       187.6        9.65         9.9         9.4
656-665.....................         660       48.89       .0331       188.7        9.74        10.0         9.5
666-675.....................         670       49.76       .0332       189.8        9.83        10.1         9.6
676-685.....................         680       50.64       .0332       191.0        9.92        10.2         9.7
686-695.....................         690       51.91       .0333       192.1       10.01        10.3         9.8
696-705.....................         700       52.38       .0333       193.2       10.09        10.4         9.8
706-715.....................         710       53.26       .0334       194.4       10.17        10.4         9.9
716-725.....................         720       54.13       .0335       195.5       10.26        10.5        10.0
726-735.....................         730       55.01       .0335       196.6       10.34        10.6        10.1
736-745.....................         740       55.88       .0336       197.8       10.42        10.7        10.2
746-755.....................         750       56.75       .0336       198.9       10.50        10.8        10.2
756-760.....................         760       57.63       .0337       200.1       10.58        10.9        10.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) The dynamometer shall be adjusted to reproduce the specified 
road load as determined by the most recent calibration. Alternatively, 
the actual vehicle road load can be measured and duplicated:
    (1) Make at least 5 replicate coastdowns in each direction from 70 
to 60 km/h on a smooth, level, track under balanced wind conditions. The 
driver must have a mass of 80plus-minus10 kg and be in the 
normal driving position. Record the coastdown time.
    (2) Average the coastdown times. Adjust the dynamometer load so that 
the coastdown time is duplicated with the vehicle and driver on the 
dynamom-eter.
    (3) Alternate procedures may be used if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.



Sec. 86.529-98  Road load force and inertia weight determination.

    (a)(1) Road load as a function of speed is given by the following 
equation:

F = A + CV2

    (2) The values for coefficients A and C and the test inertia are 
given in Figure F98-9 of this section. Velocity V is in km/h and force 
(F) is in newtons. The forces given by the equation in paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section shall be simulated to the best ability of the equipment 
being used.
    (b) The inertia given in Figure F98-9 shall be used. Motorcycles 
with loaded

[[Page 641]]

vehicle mass outside these limits shall be tested at an equivalent 
inertial mass and road load force specified by the Administrator. Figure 
F98-9 follows:

                                                                      Figure F98-9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                               Force coefficients                   70 to 60 km/h coastdown calibration
                                                                          ---------------------------                              times
                                                               Equivalent                                         --------------------------------------
                  Loaded vehicle mass (kg)                      inertial                              Force at 65                  Allowable tolerance
                                                               mass (kg)      A (nt)      C (nt/(km/   km/h (nt)   Target time -------------------------
                                                                                            h)\2\)                    (sec)       Longest      Shortest
                                                                                                                                 time (sec)   time (sec)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95-105......................................................          100          0.0         .0224         94.8         2.95          3.1          2.8
106-115.....................................................          110          0.82        .0227         96.8         3.18          3.3          3.0
116-125.....................................................          120          1.70        .0230         98.8         3.39          3.6          3.2
126-135.....................................................          130          2.57        .0233        100.9         3.60          3.8          3.4
136-145.....................................................          140          3.44        .0235        102.9         3.80          4.0          3.6
146-155.....................................................          150          4.32        .0238        104.9         3.99          4.2          3.8
156-165.....................................................          160          5.19        .0241        107.0         4.10          4.4          4.0
166-175.....................................................          170          6.06        .0244        109.0         4.36          4.6          4.2
176-185.....................................................          180          6.94        .0246        111.0         4.53          4.7          4.3
186-195.....................................................          190          7.81        .0249        113.1         4.69          4.9          4.5
196-205.....................................................          200          8.69        .0252        115.1         4.85          5.1          4.6
206-215.....................................................          210          9.56        .0255        117.1         5.00          5.2          4.8
216-225.....................................................          220         10.43        .0257        119.2         5.15          5.4          4.9
226-235.....................................................          230         11.31        .0260        121.2         5.30          5.5          5.1
236-245.....................................................          240         12.18        .0263        123.2         5.43          5.7          5.2
246-255.....................................................          250         13.06        .0266        125.3         5.57          5.8          5.4
256-265.....................................................          260         13.93        .0268        127.3         5.70          5.9          5.5
266-275.....................................................          270         14.80        .0271        129.3         5.82          6.1          5.6
276-285.....................................................          280         15.68        .0274        131.4         5.95          6.2          5.7
286-295.....................................................          290         16.55        .0277        133.4         6.06          6.3          5.8
296-305.....................................................          300         17.43        .0279        135.4         6.18          6.4          6.0
306-315.....................................................          310         18.30        .0282        137.5         6.29          6.5          6.1
316-325.....................................................          320         19.17        .0285        139.5         6.40          6.6          6.2
326-335.....................................................          330         20.05        .0288        141.6         6.50          6.7          6.3
336-345.....................................................          340         20.92        .0290        143.6         6.60          6.8          6.4
346-355.....................................................          350         21.80        .0293        145.6         6.70          6.9          6.5
356-365.....................................................          360         22.67        .0296        147.7         6.80          7.0          6.6
366-375.....................................................          370         23.54        .0299        149.7         6.89          7.1          6.7
376-385.....................................................          380         24.42        .0301        151.7         6.98          7.2          6.8
386-395.....................................................          390         25.29        .0304        153.8         7.07          7.3          6.9
396-405.....................................................          400         26.17        .0307        155.8         7.16          7.4          6.9
406-415.....................................................          410         27.04        .0310        157.8         7.24          7.5          7.0
416-425.....................................................          420         27.91        .0312        159.9         7.33          7.6          7.1
426-435.....................................................          430         28.79        .0315        161.9         7.41          7.6          7.2
436-445.....................................................          440         29.66        .0317        163.7         7.49          7.7          7.3
446-455.....................................................          450         30.54        .0318        164.9         7.61          7.8          7.4
456-465.....................................................          460         31.41        .0319        166.0         7.73          8.0          7.5
466-475.....................................................          470         32.28        .0319        167.1         7.84          8.1          7.6
476-485.....................................................          480         33.16        .0320        168.3         7.95          8.2          7.7
486-495.....................................................          490         34.03        .0320        169.4         8.06          8.3          7.8
496-505.....................................................          500         34.90        .0321        170.5         8.17          8.4          7.9
506-515.....................................................          510         35.78        .0322        171.7         8.28          8.5          8.0
516-525.....................................................          520         36.65        .0322        172.8         8.39          8.6          8.2
526-535.....................................................          530         37.53        .0323        173.9         8.49          8.7          8.3
536-545.....................................................          540         38.40        .0323        175.1         8.60          8.8          8.4
546-555.....................................................          550         39.27        .0324        176.2         8.70          9.0          8.5
556-565.....................................................          560         40.15        .0325        177.3         8.80          9.1          8.6
566-575.....................................................          570         41.02        .0325        178.5         8.90          9.2          8.7
576-585.....................................................          580         41.90        .0326        179.6         9.00          9.3          8.8
586-595.....................................................          590         42.77        .0327        180.8         9.10          9.4          8.9
596-605.....................................................          600         43.64        .0327        181.9         9.19          9.5          8.9
606-615.....................................................          610         44.52        .0328        183.0         9.29          9.5          9.0
616-625.....................................................          620         45.39        .0328        184.2         9.38          9.6          9.1
626-635.....................................................          630         46.27        .0329        185.3         9.47          9.7          9.2
636-645.....................................................          640         47.14        .0330        186.4         9.56          9.8          9.3
646-655.....................................................          650         48.01        .0330        187.6         9.65          9.9          9.4
565-665.....................................................          660         48.89        .0331        188.7         9.74         10.0          9.5
666-675.....................................................          670         49.76        .0332        189.8         9.83         10.1          9.6
676-685.....................................................          680         50.64        .0332        191.0         9.92         10.2          9.7
686-695.....................................................          690         51.51        .0333        192.1        10.01         10.3          9.8
696-705.....................................................          700         52.38        .0333        193.2        10.09         10.4          9.8
706-715.....................................................          710         53.26        .0334        194.4        10.17         10.4          9.9

[[Page 642]]

 
716-725.....................................................          720         54.13        .0335        195.5        10.26         10.5         10.0
726-735.....................................................          730         55.01        .0335        196.6        10.34         10.6         10.1
736-745.....................................................          740         55.88        .0336        197.8        10.42         10.7         10.2
746-755.....................................................          750         56.75        .0336        198.9        10.50         10.8         10.2
756-765.....................................................          760         57.63        .0337        200.1        10.58         10.9         10.3
766-775.....................................................          770         58.50        .0338        201.2        10.66         10.9         10.3
776-785.....................................................          780         59.38        .0338        203.3        10.74         11.0         10.4
786-795.....................................................          790         60.25        .0339        204.5        10.82         11.1         10.5
796-805.....................................................          800         61.12        .0339        205.6        10.91         11.2         10.6
806-815.....................................................          810         62.00        .0340        206.7        10.99         11.3         10.7
816-825.....................................................          820         62.87        .0341        207.9        11.07         11.4         10.8
826-835.....................................................          830         63.75        .0341        209.0        11.15         11.5         10.8
836-845.....................................................          840         64.62        .0342        210.1        11.24         11.5         10.9
846-855.....................................................          850         65.49        .0343        211.3        11.32         11.6         11.0
856-865.....................................................          860         66.37        .0343        212.4        11.40         11.7         11.1
866-873.....................................................          870         67.24        .0344        213.5        11.48         11.8         11.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) The dynamometer shall be adjusted to reproduce the specified 
road load as determined by the most recent calibration. Alternatively, 
the actual vehicle road load can be measured and duplicated:
    (1) Make at least 5 replicate coastdowns in each direction from 70 
to 60 km/h on a smooth, level track under balanced wind conditions. The 
driver must have a mass of 80 10 kg and be in the normal 
driving position. Record the coastdown time.
    (2) Average the coastdown times. Adjust the dynamometer load so that 
the coastdown time is duplicated with the vehicle and driver on the 
dynamometer.
    (3) Alternate procedures may be used if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.

[63 FR 11849, Mar. 11, 1998]



Sec. 86.530-78  Test sequence, general requirements.

    (a) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle 
throughout the test sequence shall not be less than 20  deg.C (68 
deg.F) nor more than 30  deg.C (86  deg.F). The vehicle shall be 
approximately level during the emission test to prevent abnormal fuel 
distribution.
    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.531-78  Vehicle preparation.

    (a) The manufacturer shall provide additional fittings and adapters, 
as required by the Administrator * * *, such as * * * to accommodate a 
fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as installed on 
the vehicle and to provide for exhaust sample collection.
    (b) [Reserved]



Sec. 86.532-78  Vehicle preconditioning.

    (a) The vehicle shall be moved to the test area and the following 
operations performed:
    (1) The fuel tank(s) shall be drained through the provided fuel 
tank(s) drain(s) and charged with the specified test fuel, Sec. 86.513, 
to half the tank(s) capacity.
    (2) The vehicle shall be placed, either by being driven or pushed, 
on a dynamometer and operated through one Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule test procedure (see Sec. 86.515 and appendix I). The vehicle 
need not be cold, and may be used to set dynamometer horsepower.
    (b) Within five (5) minutes of completion of preconditioning, the 
vehicle shall be removed from the dynamometer and may be driven or 
pushed to the soak area to be parked. The vehicle shall be stored for 
not less than the following times prior to the cold start exhaust test.

[[Page 643]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I........................................................        6
Class II.......................................................        8
Class III......................................................       12
------------------------------------------------------------------------


In no case shall the vehicle be stored for more than 36 hours prior to 
the cold start exhaust test.



Sec. 86.535-90  Dynamometer procedure.

    (a) The dynamometer run consists of two tests, a ``cold'' start test 
and a ``hot'' start test following the ``cold'' start by 10 minutes. 
Engine startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over the 
driving schedule, and engine shutdown make a complete cold start test. 
Engine startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving 
schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted 
with ambient air and a continuously proportional sample is collected for 
analysis during each phase. The composite samples collected in bags are 
analyzed for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and, 
optionally, for oxides of nitrogen. A parallel sample of the dilution 
air is similarly analyzed for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon 
dioxide, and, optionally, for oxides of nitrogen. Methanol and 
formaldehyde samples (exhaust and dilution air) are collected and 
analyzed for methanol-fueled vehicles (a single dilution air 
formaldehyde sample covering the total time of the test may be collected 
in place of individual test phases).
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c) The vehicle speed, as measured from the dynamometer roll, shall 
be used. A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test 
validity, shall be supplied on request of the Administrator.
    (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be 
performed at test points, provided an emission sample is not taken, for 
the purpose of finding the minimum throttle action to maintain the 
proper speed-time relationship, or to permit sampling system 
adjustments.
    (e) The drive wheel tires must be inflated to the manufacturer's 
recommended pressure, 15 kPa (2.2 psi). The 
drive wheel tire pressure shall be reported with the test results.
    (f) If the dynamometer has not been operated during the two-hour 
period immediately preceding the test, it shall be warmed up for 15 
minutes by operating at 50 km/h (31 mph) using a nontest vehicle, or as 
recommended by the dynamometer manufacturer.
    (g) If the dynamometer horsepower must be adjusted manually, it 
shall be set within one hour prior to the exhaust emissions test phase. 
The test vehicle shall not be used to make this adjustment. Dynamometers 
using automatic control of preselectable power settings may be set 
anytime prior to the beginning of the emissions test.
    (h) The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of 
dynamometer roll revolutions, shall be determined for the transient cold 
start, stabilized cold start, and transient hot start phases of the 
test.

[54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.536-78  Engine starting and restarting.

    (a)(1) The engine shall be started according to the manufacturer's 
recommended starting procedures. The initial 20 second idle period shall 
begin when the engine starts.
    (2) Choke operation. (i) Vehicles equipped with automatic chokes 
shall be operated according to the instructions in the manufacturer's 
operating instructions or owner's manual including choke setting and 
``kick-down'' from cold fast idle. The transmission shall be placed in 
gear 15 seconds after the engine is started. If necessary, braking may 
be employed to keep the drive wheels from turning.
    (ii) Vehicles equipped with manual chokes shall be operated 
according to the manufacturer's operating instructions or owner's 
manual. Where times are provided in the instructions, the Administrator 
may specify the specific point for operation, within 15 seconds of the 
recommended time.
    (3) The operator may use the choke, throttle etc. where necessary to 
keep the engine running.
    (4) If the manufacturer's operating instructions or owner's manual 
do not specify a warm engine starting procedure, the engine (automatic 
and manual choke engines) shall be started by

[[Page 644]]

opening the throttle about half way and cranking the engine until it 
starts.
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c) If, during the cold start, the vehicle does not start after 10 
seconds of cranking, or ten cycles of the manual starting mechanism, 
cranking shall cease and the reason for failure to start determined. The 
revolution counter on the constant volume sampler shall be turned off 
and the sample solenoid valves placed in the ``standby'' position during 
this diagnostic period. In addition, either the CVS blower shall be 
turned off or the exhaust tube disconnected from the tailpipe during the 
diagnostic period.
    (1) If failure to start is an operational error, the vehicle shall 
be rescheduled for testing from a cold start. If failure to start is 
caused by vehicle malfunction, corrective action (following the 
unscheduled maintenance provisions) of less than 30 minutes duration may 
be taken and the test continued. The sampling system shall be 
reactivated at the same time cranking is started. When the engine 
starts, the driving schedule timing sequence shall begin. If failure to 
start is caused by vehicle malfunction and the vehicle cannot be 
started, the test shall be voided, the vehicle removed from the 
dynamometer, corrective action taken (following the unscheduled 
maintenance provisions), and the vehicle rescheduled for test. The 
reason for the malfunction (if determined) and the corrective action 
taken shall be reported.
    (2) If the vehicle does not start during the hot start after ten 
seconds of cranking, or ten cycles of the manual starting mechanism, 
cranking shall cease, the test shall be voided, the vehicle removed from 
the dynamometer, corrective action taken in accordance with Sec. 86.428 
or Sec. 86.429, and the vehicle rescheduled for test. The reason for the 
malfunction (if determined) and the corrective action taken shall be 
reported.
    (d) If the engine ``false starts'', the operator shall repeat the 
recommended starting procedure (such as resetting the choke, etc.)
    (e) Stalling. (1) If the engine stalls during an idle period, the 
engine shall be restarted immediately and the test continued. If the 
engine cannot be started soon enough to allow the vehicle to follow the 
next acceleration as prescribed, the driving schedule indicator shall be 
stopped. When the vehicle restarts, the driving schedule indicator shall 
be reactivated.
    (2) If the engine stalls during some operating mode other than idle, 
the driving schedule indicator shall be stopped, the vehicle shall then 
be restarted and accelerated to the speed required at that point in the 
driving schedule and the test continued. During acceleration to this 
point, shifting shall be performed in accordance with Sec. 86.528.
    (3) If the vehicle will not restart within one minute, the test 
shall be voided, the vehicle removed from the dynamometer, corrective 
action taken, and the vehicle rescheduled for test. The reason for the 
malfunction (if determined) and the corrective action taken shall be 
reported.



Sec. 86.537-90  Dynamometer test runs.

    (a) The vehicle shall be allowed to stand with the engine turned off 
(see Sec. 86.532 for required time). The vehicle shall be stored prior 
to the emission test in such a manner that precipitation (e.g., rain or 
dew) does not occur on the vehicle. The complete dynamometer test 
consists of a cold start drive of 12.0 km (7.5 mi), (10.9 km (6.8 mi) 
for Class I motorcycles) and simulates a hot start drive of 12.0 km (7.5 
mi), (10.9 km (6.8 mi) for Class I motorcycles). The vehicle is allowed 
to stand on the dynamometer during the 10-minute period between the cold 
and hot start tests. The cold start is divided into two periods. The 
first period, representing the cold start ``transient'' phase, 
terminates at the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
505 seconds of the driving schedule. The second period, representing the 
``stabilized'' phase, consists of the remainder of the driving schedule 
including engine shutdown. The hot start test similarly consists of two 
periods. The period, representing the hot start ``transient'' phase, 
terminates at the same point in the driving schedule at the first point 
of the cold start test. The second period of the hot start test, 
``stabilized'' phase, is assumed to be identical to the second period of 
the

[[Page 645]]

cold start test. Therefore, the hot start test terminates after the 
first period (505 seconds) is run.
    (b) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Place drive wheel of vehicle on dynamometer without starting 
engine.
    (2) Activate vehicle cooling fan.
    (3) For all vehicles, with the sample selector valves in the 
``standby'' position connect evacuated sample collection bags to the 
dilute exhaust and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (4) For methanol-fueled vehicles, with the sample selector valves in 
the ``standby'' position, insert fresh sample collection impingers into 
the methanol sample collection system, fresh impingers or a fresh 
cartridge into the formaldehyde sample collection system and fresh 
impingers (or a single cartridge for formaldehyde) into the dilution air 
sample collection systems for methanol and formaldehyde (background 
measurements of methanol and formaldehyde may be omitted and 
concentrations assumed to be zero for calculations in Sec. 86.544).
    (5) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps and the 
temperature recorder. (The heat exchanger of the constant volume 
sampler, if used, methanol-fueled vehicle hydrocarbon analyzer and 
sample lines should be preheated to their respective operating 
temperatures before the test begins.)
    (6) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (i) For gaseous bag samples (except hydrocarbon samples), the 
minimum flow rate is 0.17 cfm (0.08 l/s).
    (ii) For hydrocarbon samples, the minimum FID (or HFID in the case 
of methanol-fueled vehicles) flow rate is 0.066 cfm (0.031 l/s).
    (iii) For methanol samples, the flow rates shall be set such that 
the system meets the design criteria of Sec. 86.509. For samples in 
which the concentration in the primary impinger exceeds 0.5 mg/l, it is 
recommended that the mass of methanol collected in the secondary 
impinger not exceed ten percent of the total mass collected. For samples 
in which the concentration in the primary impinger does not exceed 0.5 
mg/l, secondary impingers do not need to be analyzed.
    (iv) For formaldehyde samples, the flow rates shall be set such that 
the system meets the design criteria of Sec. 86.509. For impinger 
samples in which the concentration of formaldehyde in the primary 
impinger exceeds 0.1 mg/l, it is recommended that the mass of 
formaldehyde collected in the secondary impinger not exceed ten percent 
of the total mass collected. For samples in which the concentration in 
the primary impinger does not exceed 0.1 mg/l, secondary impingers do 
not need to be analyzed.
    (7) Attach the flexible exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s).
    (8) Start the gas flow measuring device, position the sample 
selector valves to direct the sample flow into the ``transient'' exhaust 
sample bag, the ``transient'' methanol exhaust sample, the ``transient'' 
formaldehyde exhaust sample, the ``transient'' dilution air sample bag, 
the ``transient'' methanol dilution air sample and the ``transient'' 
formaldehyde dilution air sample, turn the key on, and start cranking 
the engine.
    (9) Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission 
in gear.
    (10) Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial 
vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule.
    (11) Operate the vehicle according to the Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule (Sec. 86.515).
    (12) At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
505 seconds, simultaneously switch the sample flows from the 
``transient'' bags and samples to ``stabilized'' bags and samples, 
switch off gas flow measuring device No. 1 and, start gas flow measuring 
device No. 2. Before the acceleration which is scheduled to occur at 510 
seconds, record the measured roll or shaft revolutions and reset the 
counter or switch to a second counter. As soon as possible, transfer the 
``stabilized'' exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system 
and process the samples according to Sec. 86.540, obtaining a stabilized 
reading of the exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of 
the end of the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and 
formaldehyde sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end 
of the sample period. (If it is not possible to

[[Page 646]]

perform analysis on the methanol and formaldehyde samples within 24 
hours, the samples should be stored in a dark cold (4-10  deg.C) 
environment until analysis. The samples should be analyzed within 
fourteen days.)
    (13) Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last 
deceleration (at 1,369 seconds).
    (14) Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously 
turn off gas flow measuring device No. 2 and position the sample 
selector valves to the ``standby'' position (and open the valves 
isolating particulate filter No. 1, if applicable). Record the measured 
roll or shaft revolutions (both gas meter or flow measurement 
instrumentation readings) and re-set the counter. As soon as possible, 
transfer the ``stabilized'' exhaust and dilution air samples to the 
analytical system and process the samples according to Sec. 86.540, 
obtaining a stabilized reading of the exhaust bag sample on all 
analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection phase of 
the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde sample analyses, if 
applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample period. (If it is 
not possible to perform analysis on the methanol and formaldehyde 
samples within 24 hours, the samples should be stored in a dark cold (4-
10  deg.C) environment until analysis. The samples should be analyzed 
within fourteen days.)
    (15) Immediately after the end of the sample period, turn off the 
cooling fan.
    (16) Turn off the CVS or disconnect the exhaust tube from the 
tailpipe(s) of the vehicle.
    (17) Repeat the steps in paragraph (b) (2) through (11) of this 
section for the hot start test, except only two evacuated sample bags, 
two methanol sample impingers, and two formaldehyde sample impingers are 
required. The step in paragraph (b)(8) of this section shall begin 
between 9 and 11 minutes after the end of the sample period for the cold 
start test.
    (18) At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 
505 seconds, simultaneously turn off gas flow measuring device No. 1 and 
position the sample selector valve to the ``standby'' position. (Engine 
shutdown is not part of the hot start test sample period.) Record the 
measured roll or shaft revolutions.
    (19) As soon as possible, transfer the hot start ``transient'' 
exhaust and dilution air bag samples to the analytical system and 
process the samples according to Sec. 86.540 obtaining a stabilized 
reading of the bag exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of 
the end of the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and 
formaldehyde sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end 
of the sample period (if it is not possible to perform analysis on the 
methanol and formaldehyde samples within 24 hours, the samples should be 
stored in a dark, cold ( 0  deg.C) environment until 
analysis).
    (20) Disconnect the exhaust tube from the vehicle tailpipe(s) and 
remove the vehicle from dynamometer.
    (21) The CVS or CFV may be turned off, if desired.
    (22) Continuous monitoring of exhaust emissions will not normally be 
allowed. Specific written approval must be obtained from the 
Administrator for continuous monitoring of exhaust emissions.

[54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34357, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.540-90  Exhaust sample analysis.

    The following sequence of operations shall be performed in 
conjunction with each series of measurements:
    (a) For CO, CO2, gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled motorcycle HC and, if 
appropriate, NOX:
    (1) Zero the analyzers and obtain a stable zero reading. Recheck 
after tests.
    (2) Introduce span gases and set instrument gains. In order to avoid 
errors, span and calibrate at the same flow rates used to analyze the 
test sample. Span gases should have concentrations equal to 75 to 100 
percent of full scale. If gain has shifted significantly on the 
analyzers, check the calibrations. Show actual concentrations on chart.
    (3) Check zeros; repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) 
of this section if required.
    (4) Check flow rates and pressures.

[[Page 647]]

    (5) Measure HC, CO, CO2, and, if appropriate, 
NOX, concentrations of samples.
    (6) Check zero and span points. If difference is greater than 2 
percent of full scale, repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) (1) 
through (5) of this section.
    (b) For CH3OH (methanol-fueled vehicles), introduce test 
samples into the gas chromatograph and measure the concentration. This 
concentration is CMS in the calculations.
    (c) For HCHO (methanol-fueled vehicles), introduce test samples into 
the high pressure liquid chromatograph and measure the concentration of 
formaldehyde as a dinitropheylhydrazine derivative in acetonitrile. This 
concentration is CFS in the calculations.

[54 FR 14552, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48515, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34357, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.542-90  Records required.

    The following information shall be recorded with respect to each 
test:
    (a) Test number.
    (b) System or device tested (brief description).
    (c) Date and time of day for each part of the test schedule.
    (d) Instrument operator.
    (e) Driver or operator.
    (f) Vehicle: Make, Vehicle identification number, Model year, 
Transmission type, Odometer reading at initiation of preconditioning, 
Engine displacement, Engine family, Emission control system, Recommended 
idle RPM, Nominal fuel tank capacity, Inertial loading, Actual curb mass 
recorded at 0 kilometers, and Drive wheel tire pressure.
    (g) Dynamometer serial number: As an alternative to recording the 
dynamometer serial number, a reference to a vehicle test cell number may 
be used, with the advance approval of the Administrator, provided the 
test cell records show the pertinent instrument information.
    (h) All pertinent instrument information such as tuning-gain-serial 
number-detector number-range. As an alternative, a reference to a 
vehicle test cell number may be used, with the advance approval of the 
Administrator, provided test cell calibration records show the pertinent 
instrument information.
    (i) Recorder Charts: Identify zero, span, exhaust gas, and dilution 
air sample traces.
    (j) Test cell barometric pressure, ambient temperature and humidity.
    Note: A central laboratory barometer may be used; Provided, that 
individual test cell barometric pressures are shown to be within 
0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at the central 
barometer location.
    (k) [Reserved]
    (l) Pressure of the mixture of exhaust and dilution air entering the 
CVS metering device, the pressure increase across the device, and the 
temperature at the inlet. The temperature may be recorded continuously 
or digitally to determine temperature variations.
    (m) The number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
accumulated during each test phase while exhaust samples are being 
collected. The number of standard cubic meters metered by a critical 
flow venturi during each test phase would be the equivalent record for a 
CFV-CVS.
    (n) The humidity of the dilution air.
    Note: If conditioning columns are not used (see Secs. 86.522 and 
86.544) this measurement can be deleted. If the conditioning columns are 
used and the dilution air is taken from the test cell, the ambient 
humidity can be used for this measurement.
    (o) The driving distance for each of the three phases of test, 
calculated from the measured roll or shaft revolutions.
    (p) Additional required records for methanol-fueled vehicles:
    (1) Specification of the methanol fuel, or fuel mixtures, used 
during testing.
    (2) Volume of sample passed through the methanol sampling system and 
the volume of deionized water in each impinger.
    (3) The methanol calibration information from the GC standards.
    (4) The concentration of the GC analyses of the test samples 
(methanol).
    (5) Volume of sample passed through the formaldehyde sampling 
system.
    (6) The formaldehyde calibration information from the HPLC 
standards.
    (7) The concentration of the HPLC analysis of the test sample 
(formaldehyde).

[[Page 648]]

    (q) Additional required records for natural gas-fueled vehicles. 
Composition, including all carbon containing compounds; e.g. 
CO2, of the natural gas-fuel used during the test. 
C1 and C2 compounds shall be individually 
reported. C3 and heavier hydrocarbons and C6 and 
heavier compounds may be reported as a group.
    (r) Additional required records for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
vehicles. Composition of the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel used during 
the test. Each hydrocarbon compound present, through C4 
compounds, shall be individually reported. C5 and heavier 
hydrocarbons may be reported as a group.

[54 FR 14553, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48515, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34357, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.544-90  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

    The final reported test results, with oxides of nitrogen being 
optional, shall be computed by use of the following formula: (The 
results of all emission tests shall be rounded, using the ``Rounding-Off 
Method'' specified in ASTM E 29-67, to the number of places to the right 
of the decimal point indicated by expressing the applicable standard to 
three significant figures.)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.109


Where:
    (1) Ywm = Weighted mass emissions of CO2Or of 
each pollutant (i.e., HC, CO, or NOX) in grams per vehicle 
kilometer and if appropriate, the weighted carbon mass equivalent of 
total hydrocarbon equivalent, in grams per vehicle kilometer.
    (2) Yct = Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold-start test, in grams per test phase.
    (3) Yht = Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``transient'' phase of the hot-start test, in grams per test phase.
    (4) Ys = Mass emissions as calculated from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold-start test, in grams per test phase.
    (5) Dct = The measured driving distance from the 
``transient'' phase of the cold-start test, in kilometers.
    (6) Dht = The measured driving distance from the 
``transient'' phase of the hot-start test, in kilometers.
    (7) Ds = The measured driving distance from the 
``stabilized'' phase of the cold-start test, in kilometers.
    (b) The mass of each pollutant for each phase of both the cold-start 
test and the hot-start test is determined from the following:
    (1) Hydrocarbon mass:

HCmass = Vmix  x  DensityHC  x  
(HCconc/1,000,000)
    (2) Oxides of nitrogen mass:

NOxmass = Vmix  x  DensityNO2  x  
KH  x  (NOxconc/1,000,000)
    (3) Carbon monoxide mass:

COmass = Vmix  x  DensityCO  x  
(COconc/1,000,000)
    (4) Carbon dioxide mass:

CO2mass = Vmix  x  DensityCO2  x  
(CO2conc/100)
    (5) Methanol mass:

CH3OHmass = Vmix  x  
DensityCH3OH  x  (CH3OHconc/1,000,000)
    (6) Formaldehyde mass:

HCHOmass = Vmix  x  DensityHCHO  x 

(HCHOconc/1,000,000)
    (7) Total hydrocarbon equivalent:
    (i) THCE = HCmass + 13.8756/32.042  x  
(CH3OH)mass + 13.8756/30.0262  x  
(HCHO)mass
    (c) Meaning of symbols:
    (1)(i) HCmass = Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams per test 
phase.
    (ii) DensityHC=Density of HC in exhaust gas.
    (A) For gasoline-fuel; DensityHC=576.8 g/m3-
carbon atom (16.33 g/ft3-carbon atom), assuming an average 
carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85, at 20  deg.C (68  deg.F) and 101.3 
kPa (760 mm Hg) pressure.
    (B) For natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel; 
DensityHC=41.57(12.011+H/C(1.008)) g/m3-carbon 
atom (1.1771(12.011+H/C(1.008)) g/ft3-carbon atom) where H/C 
is the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the hydrocarbon components of test 
fuel, at 20  deg.C (68  deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760mm Hg) pressure.
    (iii)(A) HCconc = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent, i.e., 
equivalent propane x 3.
    (B) HCconc = HCe - HCd(1 - (1/DF))

Where:
    (iv)(A) HCe = Hydrocarbon concentrations of the dilute 
exhaust sample as

[[Page 649]]

measured, in ppm carbon equivalent (propane ppm x 3).
    (B) HCe = FIDHCe - (r)CCH3OHe
    (v) FID HCe=Concentration of hydrocarbon (plus methanol 
if methanol-fueled motorcycle is tested) in dilute exhaust as measured 
by the FID ppm carbon equivalent.
    (vi) r = FID response to methanol.
    (vii) CCH30He = Concentration of methanol in dilute 
exhaust as determined from the dilute exhaust methanol sample, ppm 
carbon.
    (viii)(A) HCd = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, ppm carbon equivalent.
    (B) HCd = FID HCd - (r)CCH30Hd
    (ix) FID HCd=Concentration of hydrocarbon (plus methanol 
if methanol-fueled motorcycle is tested) in dilution air as measured by 
the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    (x) CCH3OHd = Concentration of methanol in dilution air 
as determined from dilution air methanol sample, ppm carbon.
    (2)(i) NOxmass = Oxides of nitrogen emissions, grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) DensityN02 = Density of oxides of nitrogen in the 
exhaust gas, assuming they are in the form of nitrogen dioxide, 1913 g/
m\3\ (54.16 g/ft\3\), at 20  deg.C (68  deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) NOxconc = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of 
the dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, ppm.
    (B) NOxconc = NOxe - NOxd(1 - (1/
DF))

Where:
    (iv) NOxe = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample as measured, ppm.
    (v) NOxd = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the 
dilution air as measured, ppm.
    (3)(i) COmass = Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) DensityCO = Density of carbon monoxide, 1164 g/m\3\ 
(32.97 g/ft\3\), at 20  deg.C (68  deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) COconc = Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, water vapor, and 
CO2 extraction, ppm.
    (B) COconc = COe - COd(1 - (1/DF))

Where:
    (iv)(A) COe = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample volume corrected for water vapor and carbon dioxide 
extraction, in ppm.
    (B) COe = (1 - 0.01925CO2e - 
0.000323R)COem for gasoline-fueled vehicles with hydrogen to 
carbon ratio of 1.85:1
    (C) COe=[1 - (0.01+0.005HCR) CO2e - 
0.000323R]COem for methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled or 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles, where HCR is hydrogen to 
carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used.
    (v) COem = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample as measured, ppm
    (vi) CO2e = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample, pct.
    (vii) R = Relative humidity of the dilution air, pct (see 
Sec. 86.542(n)).
    (viii)(A) COd = Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilution air corrected for water vapor extraction, ppm.
    (B) COd = (1 - 0.000323R)COdm

Where:
    (ix) COdm = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution 
air sample as measured, ppm.
    Note: If a CO instrument which meets the criteria specified in 
Sec. 86.511 is used and the conditioning column has been deleted, 
COem can be substituted directly for COe and 
COdm must be substituted directly for COd.
    (4)(i) CO2mass = Carbon dioxide emissions, grams per test 
phase.
    (ii) DensityC02 = Density of carbon dioxide, 1830 g/m\3\ 
(51.81 g/ft\3\), at 20  deg.C (68  deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) CO2conc = carbon dioxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in percent.
    (B) CO2conc = CO2e - CO2d(1 - 1/DF)

Where:
    (iv) CO2d = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in percent.
    (5)(i) CH3OHmass = Methanol emissions 
corrected for background, grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityCH3OH = Density of methanol is 1332 g/m\3\ 
(37.71 g/ft\3\), at 20  deg.C (68  deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) CH3OHconc = Methanol concentration of 
the dilute exhaust corrected for background, ppm.
    (B) CH3OHconc = CCH3OHe - 
CCH3OHd(1 - (1/DF))

Where:
    (iv)(A) CCH3OHe=Methanol concentration in the dilute 
exhaust, ppm.

[[Page 650]]

    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.022
    
    (v)(A) CCH3OHd=Methanol concentration in the dilution 
air, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.023
    
    (vi) TEM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (vii) TDM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilution air,  deg.R.
    (viii) PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (ix) VEM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust, ft\3\.
    (x) VDM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilution 
air, ft\3\.
    (xi) Cs=GC concentration of sample drawn from dilute 
exhaust, g/ml.
    (xii) CD=GC concentration of sample drawn from dilution 
air, g/ml.
    (xiii) AVs=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) 
in impinger through which methanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, 
ml.
    (xiv) AVD=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) 
in impinger through which methanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
ml.
    (xv) 1=first impinger.
    (xvi) 2=second impinger.
    (6)(i) HCHOmass = Formaldehyde emissions corrected for 
background, grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityHCHO = Density of formaldehyde is 1249 g/m\3\ 
(35.36 g/ft\3\), at 20  deg.C (68  deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) HCHOconc = Formaldehyde concentration of the 
dilute exhaust corrected for background, ppm.
    (B) HCHOconc = CHCHOe - CHCHOd (1 - 
(1/DF))
    Where:
    (iv)(A) CHCHOe = Formaldehyde concentration in dilute 
exhaust, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.203
    
    (v)(A) CHCHOd = Formaldehyde concentration in dilution 
air, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.202
    

[[Page 651]]


    (vi) CFDE = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution, 
g/ml.
    (vii) VAE = Volume of sampling solution for dilute 
exhaust formaldehyde sample, ml.
    (viii)(A) Q = Ratio of molecular weights of formaldehyde to its DNPH 
derivative.
    (B) Q = 0.1429
    (ix) TEF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (x) VSE = Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust, ft\3\.
    (xi) PB = Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (xii) CFDA = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/
ml.
    (xiii) VAA = Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
formaldehyde sample, ml.
    (xiv) TDF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilution air,  deg.R.
    (xv) VSA = Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilution air, ft\3\.
    (7)(i) DF = 13.4/[CO2e + (HCe = 
COe)10-4] for gasoline-fueled vehicles.
    (ii) For methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum 
gas-fueled motorcycles, where fuel composition is Cx 
Hy Oz as measured, or calculated, for the fuel 
used (for natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel, Z=0):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.024

    (iii)(A) Vmix = Total dilute exhaust volume in cubic 
meters per test phase corrected to standard conditions (293  deg.K (528 
deg.R) and 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg)).
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.235
    

Where:
    (iv) Vo = Volume of gas pumped by the positive 
displacement pump, in cubic meters per revolution. This volume is 
dependent on the pressure differential across the positive displacement 
pump. (See calibration techniques in Sec. 86.519.)
    (v) N = Number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
during the test phase while samples are being collected.
    (vi) PB = Barometric pressure, kPa.
    (vii) Pi = Pressure depression below atmospheric measured 
at the inlet to the positive displacement pump, kPa.
    (viii) Tp = Average temperature of dilute exhaust 
entering positive displacement pump during test while samples are being 
collected,  deg.K.
    (ix)(A) Kh = Humidity correction factor.
    (B) Kh = 1/[1 - 0.0329(H - 10.71)]

Where:
    (x)(A) H = Absolute humidity in grams of water per kilogram of dry 
air.
    (B) H = [(6.211)Ra  x  Pd]/[PB - 
(Pd  x  Ra/100)]
    (xi) Ra = Relative humidity of the ambient air, pct.
    (xii) Pd = Saturated vapor pressure, in kPa at the 
ambient dry bulb temperature.
    (xiii) PB = Barometric pressure, kPa.
    (d) Sample calculation of mass emission values for gasoline-fueled 
vehicles with engine displacements equal to or greater than 170 cc (10.4 
cu. in.):
    (1) For the ``transient'' phase of the cold-start test, assume 
Vo = 0.0077934 m\3\ per rev; N = 12,115; R = 20.5 pct; 
Ra = 20.5 pct; PB = 99.05 kPa; Pd = 
3.382 kPa; Pi = 9.851 kPa; Tp = 309.8  deg.K; 
HCe = 249.75 ppm carbon equivalent; NOxe = 38.30 
ppm; COem = 311.23 ppm; CO2e = 0.415 percent; 
HCd = 4.90 ppm; NOxd =

[[Page 652]]

0.30 ppm; COdm = 8.13 ppm; CO2d = 0.037 pct; 
Dct = 5.650 km.

Then:
    (i) Vmix = [(0.0077934)(12,115)(99.05-9.851)(293.15)]/ 
[(101.325)(309.8)] = 78.651 m\3\ per test phase.
    (ii) H = [(6.211)(20.5)(3.382)]/[(99.05) - (3.382)(20.5/100)] = 
4.378 grams H2O per kg dry air.
    (iii) Kh = 1/[1 - 0.0329(4.378 - 10.71)] = 0 8276
    (iv) COe = [1 - 0.01925(0.415) - 0.000323 (20.5)](311.23) 
= 306.68 ppm.
    (v) COd = [1 - 0.000323(20.5)](8.13) = 8.08 ppm.
    (vi) DF = 13.4/[0.415 + (249.75 + 306.68)10-\4\] = 28.472
    (vii) HCconc = 249.75 - 4.90(1 - 1/28.472) = 245.02 ppm.
    (viii) HCmass = (78.651) (576.8) (245.02) 
10-\6\ = 11.114 grams per test phase.
    (ix) NOxconc = 38.30 - 0.30(1 - 1/28.472) = 38.01 ppm.
    (x) NOxmass = (78.651)(1913)(38.01)(0.8276)  x  
10-\6\ = 4.733 grams per test phase.
    (xi) COconc = 306.68 - 8.08 (1 - 1/28.472) = 298.88 ppm.
    (xii) COmass = (78.651) (1164) (298.88) 
(10-\6\) = 27.362 grams per test phase.
    (xiii) CO2conc = 0.415 - 0.037 (1 - 1/28.472) = 0.3793 
percent.
    (xiv) CO2mass = (78.651)(1843)(0.3793)/100 = 549.81 grams 
per test phase.
    (2) For the ``stabilized'' portion of the cold-start test, assume 
that similar calculations resulted in HCmass = 7.184 grams 
per test phase; NOxmass = 2.154 grams per test phase; 
COmass = 64.541 grams per test phase; and CO2mass 
= 529.52 grams per test phase. Ds = 6.070 km.
    (3) For the ``transient'' portion of the hot-start test, assume that 
similar calculations resulted in HCmass = 6.122 grams per 
test phase; NOxmass = 7.056 grams per test phase; 
COmass = 34.964 grams per test phase; and CO2mass 
= 480.93 grams per test phase. Dht = 5.660 km.
    (4) For a 1978 motorcycle with an engine displacement equal to or 
greater than 170 cc (10.4 cu. in):
    (i) HCwm = 0.43 [(11.114 + 7.184)/(5.650 + 6.070)] + 0.57 
[(6.122 + 7.184)/(5.660 + 6.070)] = 1.318 grams per vehicle kilometer.
    (ii) NOxwm = 0.43 [(4.733 = 2.154)/(5.650 = 6.070)] = 
0.57 [(7.056 = 2.154)/(5.660 = 6.070)] = 0.700 gram per vehicle 
kilometer.
    (iii) COwm = 0.43 [(27.362 + 64.541)/(5.650 + 6.070)] + 
0.57 [(34.964 + 64.541)/(5.660 + 6.070)] = 8.207 grams per vehicle 
kilometer.
    (iv) CO2wm = 0.43 [(549.81 + 529.52)/(5.650 + 6.070)] + 
0.57 [(480.93 + 529.52)/(5.660 + 6.070)] = 88.701 grams per vehicle 
kilometer.

[54 FR 14553, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48515, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34358, June 30, 1995]



  Subpart G--Selective Enforcement Auditing of New Light-Duty Vehicles

    Source: 41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.601-84  Applicability.

    For 1984 and later model year light-duty vehicles, all provisions of 
this subpart are applicable. The provisions of this subpart are not 
applicable to 1984 and later model year light-duty trucks.
    (a) Section numbering; construction. (1) The model year of initial 
applicability is indicated by the two digits following the hyphen of the 
section number. A section remains in effect for subsequent model years 
until it is superseded.
    (2) A section reference without a model year suffix shall be 
interpreted to be a reference to the section applicable to the 
appropriate model year.
    (b) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks under the provisions of subpart S of this 
part.

(Secs. 206, 208(a) and 301(a), Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 
7525, 7542(a) and 7601(a))

[49 FR 69, Jan. 3, 1984. Redesignated at 54 FR 2122, Jan. 19, 1989, as 
amended at 62 FR 31234, June 6, 1997; 64 FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.602-84  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart.

[[Page 653]]

    (b) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein have the 
meaning given them in the Act.
    (1) Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) means the maximum percentage of 
failing vehicles that, for purposes of sampling inspection, can be 
considered satisfactory as a process average.
    (2) Axle Ratio means all ratios within 3% of the axle 
ratio specified in the configuration in the test order.
    (3) Configuration means a subclassification of an engine-system 
combination on the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, 
transmission type and gear ratios, axle ratio, and other parameters 
which may be designated by the Administrator.
    (4) Test Sample means the collection of vehicles of the same 
configuration which have been drawn from the population of vehicles of 
that configuration and which will receive exhaust emission testing.
    (5) Inspection Criteria means the pass and fail numbers associated 
with a particular sampling plan.
    (6) Vehicle means any new production light-duty vehicle as defined 
in subpart A of this part.
    (7) Test Vehicle means a vehicle in a test sample.
    (8) In the Hands of the Manufacturer means that vehicles are still 
in the possession of the manufacturer and have not had their bills of 
lading transferred to another person for the purpose of transporting.

[49 FR 48480, Dec. 12, 1984. Redesignated at 54 FR 2122, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.602-97  Definitions.

    Section 86.602-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Sec. 86.602-84. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.602-84 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.602-97, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.602-84.''
    (a) through (b)(8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.602-84.
    (b)(9) Executive Officer means the Executive Officer of the 
California Air Resources Board or his or her authorized representative.
    (10) Executive Order means the document the Executive Officer grants 
a manufacturer for an engine family that certifies the manufacturer has 
verified that the engine family complies with all applicable standards 
and requirements pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of 
Regulations.
    (11) 50-state engine family means an engine family that meets both 
federal and California Air Resources Board motor vehicle emission 
control regulations and has received a federal certificate of conformity 
as well as an Executive Order.

[62 FR 31234, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.602-98  Definitions.

    Section 86.602-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.602-84. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.602-84 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.602-98, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.602-84.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.602-84 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''.
    (a) through (b)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.602-84.
    (b)(3)(i) Configuration, when used for LDV exhaust emissions 
testing, means a subclassification of an engine-system combination on 
the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and 
gear ratios, axle ratio, and other parameters which may be designated by 
the Administrator.
    (ii) Configuration, when used for LDV refueling emissions testing, 
means a subclassification of an evaporative/refueling emission family on 
the basis of evaporative and refueling control system and other 
parameters which may be designated by the Administrator.
    (4) Test sample means the collection of vehicles of the same 
configuration which have been drawn from the population of vehicles of 
that configuration and which will receive emission testing.
    (b)(5) through (b)(8) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.602-84.
    (9) Executive Officer means the Executive Officer of the California 
Air Resources Board or his or her authorized representative.
    (10) Executive Order means the document the Executive Officer grants 
a manufacturer for an engine family that

[[Page 654]]

certifies the manufacturer has verified that the engine family complies 
with all applicable standards and requirements pursuant to Title 13 of 
the California Code of Regulations.
    (11) 50-state engine family means an engine family that meets both 
federal and California Air Resources Board motor vehicle emission 
control regulations and has received a federal certificate of conformity 
as well as an Executive Order.

[59 FR 16300, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 31234, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.603-88  Test orders.

    (a) The Administrator will require any testing under this subpart by 
means of a test order addressed to the manufacturer.
    (b) The test order will be signed by the Assistant Administrator for 
Air and Radiation or his designee. The test order will be delivered in 
person by an EPA Enforcement Officer to a company representative or sent 
by registered mail, return receipt requested, to the manufacturer's 
representative who signs the Application for Certification submitted by 
the manufacturer pursuant to the requirements of the applicable sections 
of subpart A of this part. Upon receipt of a test order, the 
manufacturer shall comply with all of the provisions of this subpart and 
instructions in the test order.
    (c)(1) The test order will specify the vehicle configuration 
selected for testing, the time and location at which vehicles must be 
selected, and the procedure by which vehicles of the specified 
configuration must be selected. The test order may specify the number of 
vehicles to be selected per day and may include alternative 
configurations (primary, secondary, etc.) to be selected for testing in 
the event that vehicles of the first specified configuration are not 
available for testing because those vehicles are not being manufactured 
at the specified assembly plant, not being manufactured during the 
specified time, or not being stored at the specified assembly plant or 
associated storage facility. If total production of the specified 
vehicle configuration is less than the number specified in the test 
order, the manufacturer will select the actual number of vehicles 
produced per day. If the first specified configuration is not being 
manufactured at a rate of at least four vehicles per day over the 
expected duration of the audit, the Assistant Administrator for Air and 
Radiation or his designated representative may select vehicles of a 
primary alternate configuration for testing in lieu of the first 
specified configuration. Likewise, vehicles of a secondary alternate 
configuration may be selected in lieu of vehicles of the first specified 
configuration or primary alternate configuration. In addition, the test 
order may include other directions or information essential to the 
administration of the required testing.
    (2) The following instructions are applicable to each test order 
issued under this subpart:
    (i) The manufacturer shall make the following documents available to 
an EPA Enforcement Officer upon request:
    (A) A properly filed and current Application for Certification 
following the format prescribed by the EPA for the appropriate model 
year; and
    (B) A copy of the shop manual, dealer service bulletins, and pre-
delivery inspection procedures for the configuration being tested.
    (ii) Only one mechanic at a time per vehicle shall make authorized 
checks, adjustments, or repairs, unless a particular check, adjustment, 
or repair requires a second mechanic as indicated in the shop manual or 
dealer service bulletins.
    (iii) A mechanic shall not perform any check, adjustment, or repair 
without an Enforcement Officer present unless otherwise authorized.
    (iv) The manufacturer shall utilize only those tools and test 
equipment utilized by its dealers when performing authorized checks, 
adjustments, or repairs.
    (d) A manufacturer may indicate preferred assembly plants for the 
various engine families produced by the manufacturer for selection of 
vehicles in response to a test order. This shall be accomplished by 
submitting a list of engine families and the corresponding assembly 
plants from which the manufacturer desires to have vehicles selected to 
the Administrator. In order that a manufacturer's preferred location for

[[Page 655]]

issuance of a test order for a configuration of a particular engine 
family be considered, the list must be submitted prior to issuance of 
the test order. Notwithstanding the fact that a manufacturer has 
submitted the above list, the Administrator may, upon making the 
determination that evidence exists indicating noncompliance at other 
than the manufacturer's preferred plant, order testing at such other 
plant where vehicles of the configuration specified in the test order 
are assembled.
    (e) During a given model year, the Administrator shall not issue to 
a manufacturer more SEA test orders than an annual limit determined by 
dividing the projected sales bound for the U.S. market for that model 
year, as made by the manufacturer in its report submitted under 
paragraph (a)(2) of Sec. 600.207-80 of the Automobile Fuel Economy 
Regulations, by 300,000 and rounding to the nearest whole number, unless 
the projected sales are less than 150,000, in which case the annual 
limit is one. However, the annual limit for SEA test orders will be 
recalculated if a manufacturer submits to EPA in writing prior to or 
during the model year a sales projection update.
    (1) Any SEA test order for which the configuration fails in 
accordance with Sec. 86.610 or for which testing is not completed does 
not count against the annual limit.
    (2) When the annual limit has been met, the Administrator may issue 
additional test orders for those configurations for which evidence 
exists indicating noncompliance. An SEA test order issued on this basis 
will include a statement as to the reason for its issuance.

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 43 FR 4552, Feb. 2, 1978; 49 
FR 48480, Dec. 12, 1984. Redesignated and amended at 54 FR 2122, Jan. 
19, 1989]



Sec. 86.603-97  Test orders.

    Section 86.603-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Sec. 86.603-88. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.603-88 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.603-97, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.603-88.''
    (a) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.603-88.
    (f) In the event evidence exists indicating an engine family is in 
noncompliance, the Administrator may, in addition to other powers 
provided by this section, issue a test order specifying the engine 
family the manufacturer is required to test.

[62 FR 31234, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.603-98  Test orders.

    Section 86.603-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.603-88. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.603-88 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.603-98, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.603-88.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.603-88 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''.
    (a) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.603-88.
    (d) A manufacturer may indicate preferred assembly plants for the 
various engine families and evaporative/refueling families produced by 
the manufacturer for selection of vehicles in response to a test order. 
This shall be accomplished by submitting a list of engine families with 
the associated evaporative/refueling families, and the corresponding 
assembly plants from which the manufacturer desires to have vehicles 
selected, to the Administrator. In order that a manufacturer's preferred 
location for issuance of a test order for a configuration of a 
particular engine family and/or evaporative/refueling family be 
considered, the list must be submitted prior to issuance of the test 
order. Notwithstanding the fact that a manufacturer has submitted the 
above list, the Administrator may, upon making the determination that 
evidence exists indicating noncompliance at other than the 
manufacturer's preferred plant, order selection at such other plant 
where vehicles of the configuration specified in the test order are 
assembled.
    (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.603-88.
    (f) In the event evidence exists indicating an engine family is in 
noncompliance, the Administrator may, in addition to other powers 
provided by

[[Page 656]]

this section, issue a test order specifying the engine family the 
manufacturer is required to test.

[59 FR 16300, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 31234, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.604-84  Testing by the Administrator.

    (a) The Administrator may require by test order that vehicles of a 
specified configuration be selected in a manner consistent with the 
requirements of Sec. 86.607 and submitted to him at such place as he may 
designate for the purpose of conducting emission tests. These tests 
shall be conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.608 of these regulations 
to determine whether vehicles manufactured by the manufacturer conform 
with the regulations with respect to which the certificate of conformity 
was issued.
    (b)(1) Whenever the Administrator conducts a test on a test vehicle 
or the Administrator and manufacturer each conduct a test on the same 
test vehicle, the results of the Administrator's test shall comprise the 
official data for that vehicle.
    (2) Whenever the manufacturer conducts all tests on a test vehicle, 
the manufacturer's test data will be accepted as the official data: 
Provided, That if the Administrator makes a determination based on 
testing under paragraph (a) of this section that there is a substantial 
lack of agreement between the manufacturer's test results and the 
Administrator's test results, no manufacturer's test data from the 
manufacturer's test facility will be accepted for purposes of this 
subpart.
    (c) In the event that testing conducted under paragraph (a) of this 
section demonstrates a lack of agreement under paragraph (b)(2), of this 
section, the Administrator will:
    (1) Notify the manufacturer in writing of his determination that the 
test facility is inappropriate for conducting the tests required by this 
subpart and the reasons therefor, and
    (2) Reinstate any manufacturer's data upon a showing by the 
manufacturer that the data acquired under paragraph (a) of this section 
was erroneous and the manufacturer's data was correct.
    (d) The manufacturer may request in writing that the Administrator 
reconsider his determination in paragraph (b)(2) of this section based 
on data or information which indicates that changes have been made to 
the test facility and such changes have resolved the reasons for 
disqualification.

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 49 FR 48481, Dec. 12, 1984. 
Redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.605-88  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.

    (a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle subject to any of the 
standards or procedures prescribed in this part shall establish, 
maintain and retain the following adequately organized and indexed 
records:
    (1) General records. (i) A description of all equipment used to test 
vehicles in accordance with Sec. 86.608 pursuant to a test order issued 
under this subpart, including the following information:
    (A) Dynamometer.
    (1) Inertia loading.
    (2) Road load power absorption at 50 m.p.h.
    (3) Manufacturer, model and serial number.
    (B) Constant Volume Sampler.
    (1) Pressure of the mixture of exhaust and dilution air entering the 
positive displacement pump, pressure increase across the pump, and the 
temperature set point of the temperature control system.
    (2) Number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
accumulated while test is in progress and exhaust samples are being 
collected.
    (3) Humidity of dilution air.
    (4) Manufacturer, model, type and serial number.
    (C) Instrumentation.
    (1) Manufacturer, model and serial number for each analyzer.
    (2) Pertinent information such as tuning, gain, ranges and 
calibration data.
    (3) Identification of zero, span, exhaust gas and dilution air 
sample traces.
    (4) Temperature set point of heated sample line and heated 
hydrocarbon detector temperature control system (for diesel vehicles 
only).
    (D) Test cell.

[[Page 657]]

    (1) Barometric pressure, ambient temperature and humidity.
    (2) Data and time of day.
    (ii) In lieu of recording test equipment information, reference to a 
vehicle test cell number may be used, with the advance approval of the 
Administrator: Provided, the test cell records show the pertinent 
information.
    (2) Individual records. These records pertain to each audit 
conducted pursuant to this subpart.
    (i) The location where audit testing was performed, and the date and 
time for each emissions test.
    (ii) The number of miles on the test vehicle when the test began and 
ended.
    (iii) The names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct 
of the audit.
    (iv) A record and description of any repairs performed prior to and/
or subsequent to approval by the Administrator, giving the date and time 
of the repair, the reason for it, the person authorizing it, and the 
names of supervisory personnel responsible for the repair.
    (v) The dates when the test vehicles were shipped from the assembly 
plant or the storage facility and when they were received at the testing 
facility.
    (vi) The drive wheel tire pressure and the inertia weight class for 
each test vehicle, and the actual curb weight for each test vehicle 
required to be weighed pursuant to a test order.
    (vii) A complete record of all emission tests performed pursuant to 
this subpart (except tests performed by EPA directly) including all 
individual worksheets and/or other documentation relating to each test, 
or exact copies thereof.
    (viii) A brief description of all significant audit events, 
commencing with the test vehicle selection process, but not described by 
any other subparagraph under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, including 
such extraordinary events as vehicle accident.
    (ix) A paper copy of the driver's trace for each test.
    (3) Additional required records for diesel vehicles.
    (4) The manufacturer shall record test equipment description, 
pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section, for each test cell that is 
used to perform emission testing under this subpart.
    (b) All records required to be maintained under this subpart shall 
be retained by the manufacturer for a period of one (1) year after 
completion of all testing in response to a test order. Records may be 
retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, punch cards, etc., 
depending upon the record retention procedures of the manufacturer: 
Provided, That in every case all the information contained in the hard 
copy shall be retained.
    (c) The manufacturer shall, pursuant to a request made by the 
Administrator, submit to the Administrator the following information 
with regard to vehicle production:
    (1) Number of vehicles, by configuration and assembly plant, 
scheduled for production for the time period designated in the request.
    (2) Number of vehicles, by configuration and assembly plant, 
produced during the time period designated in the request which are 
complete for introduction into commerce.
    (d) Nothing in this section shall limit the Administrator's 
discretion to require the manufacturer to retain additional records or 
submit information not specifically required by this section.
    (e) All reports, submissions, notifications and requests for 
approvals made under this subpart shall be addressed to:

Director, Manufacturers Operations Division EN-340), U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460.

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 44 FR 61962, Oct. 29, 1979; 
49 FR 48481, Dec. 12, 1984. Redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.605-98  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.

    Section 86.605-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.605-88. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.605-88 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.605-98, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.605-88.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.605-88 is

[[Page 658]]

not applicable, this is indicated by the statement ``[Reserved].''.
    (a) through (a)(1)(i)(D) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.605-
88.
    (E) Refueling Enclosure (Refueling SHED).
    (1) Total internal volume.
    (2) Capacity of mixing blower.
    (3) Location of refueling access ports.
    (4) Enclosure barometric pressure and ambient temperature.
    (5) Soak area temperature records.
    (F) Fuel Dispenser for Refueling.
    (1) Fuel dispensing rate.
    (2) Manufacturer and model of fuel nozzle.
    (3) Dispensed fuel temperature.
    (4) Dispensed fuel volume.
    (a)(1)(ii) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.605-88.
    (2) [Reserved]

[59 FR 16301, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.606-84  Entry and access.

    (a) In order to allow the Administrator to determine whether a 
manufacturer is complying with the provisions of this subpart and a test 
order issued thereunder, EPA Enforcement Officers may enter during 
normal operating hours upon presentation of credentials any of the 
following:
    (1) Any facility where any vehicle to be introduced into commerce or 
any emission-related component is or has been manufactured, assembled, 
or stored;
    (2) Any facility where any tests conducted pursuant to a test order 
or any procedures or activities connected with such tests are or were 
performed;
    (3) Any facility where any vehicle which is being, was, or is to be 
tested is present; and
    (4) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any 
of the above is located.
    (b) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (a) of 
this section, EPA Enforcement Officers may:
    (1) Inspect and monitor any part or aspect of vehicle manufacturer, 
assembly, storage, testing and other procedures, and the facilities in 
which these procedures are conducted;
    (2) Inspect and monitor any part or aspect of vehicle test 
procedures or activities, including, but not limited to, vehicle 
selection, preparation, mileage accumulation, preconditioning, emission 
tests, and maintenance; and verify calibration of test equipment;
    (3) Inspect and make copies of any records or documents related to 
the assembly, storage, selection and testing of a vehicle in compliance 
with a test order; and
    (4) Inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any vehicle and any 
component used in its assembly that is reasonably related to the purpose 
of the entry.
    (c) EPA Enforcement Officers may obtain reasonable assistance 
without cost from those in charge of a facility to help them perform any 
function listed in this subpart and may request the recipient of a test 
order to arrange with those in charge of a facility operated for its 
benefit to furnish reasonable assistance without cost to EPA whether or 
not the recipient controls the facility.
    (d) EPA Enforcement Officers may seek a warrant or court order 
authorizing the EPA Enforcement Officers to conduct activities related 
to entry and access as authorized in this section. EPA Enforcement 
Officers may proceed ex parte to obtain a warrant whether or not the 
Enforcement Officers first sought permission from the recipient of the 
test order or the party in charge of the facilities in question to 
conduct those activities related to entry and access.
    (e) A recipient of a test order shall permit EPA Enforcement 
Officers who present a warrant or court order as described in paragraph 
(d) of this section to conduct activities related to entry and access as 
authorized in this section and as described in the warrant or court 
order. A recipient of a test order shall cause those in charge of its 
facility or a facility operated for its benefit to permit EPA 
Enforcement Officers to conduct these activities related to entry and 
access pursuant to a warrant or court order whether or not the recipient 
controls the facility. In the absence of such a warrant or court order, 
EPA Enforcement Officers may conduct those activities related to entry 
and access only upon the consent of either the recipient of the test 
order or the party in charge of the facilities in question.

[[Page 659]]

    (f) It is not a violation of this part or the Clean Air Act for any 
person to refuse to permit EPA Enforcement Officers to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section 
without a warrant or court order.
    (g) A manufacturer is responsible for locating its foreign testing 
and manufacturing facilities in jurisdictions in which local foreign law 
does not prohibit EPA Enforcement Officers from conducting the entry and 
access activities specified in this section. EPA will not attempt to 
make any inspections which it has been informed that local foreign law 
prohibits.
    (h) For purposes of this section:
    (1) Presentation of Credentials means display of the document 
designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer.
    (2) Where vehicle storage areas or facilities are concerned, 
operating hours means all times during which personnel other than 
custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of the area or facility 
and have access to it.
    (3) Where facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph 
(h)(2) of this section are concerned, operating hours means all times 
during which an assembly line is in operation, vehicle assembly is 
occurring, or testing, repair, mileage accumulation, production or 
compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity related to 
testing, or to vehicle manufacture or assembly, is being conducted in a 
facility.
    (4) Reasonable assistance includes, but is not limited to, providing 
clerical, copying, interpreting and translating services and, at the 
request of an EPA Enforcement Officer, making available personnel of the 
facility being inspected during their working hours to provide 
information relevant to the Enforcement Officer's activities authorized 
in this section. Any employee whom a manufacturer has instructed to 
appear at the request of an Enforcement Officer may be accompanied, 
represented, and advised by counsel.

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 49 FR 48481, Dec. 12, 1984. 
Redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.607-84  Sample selection.

    (a) Vehicles comprising a test sample which are required to be 
tested, pursuant to a test order issued in accordance with this subpart, 
will be selected at the location and in the manner specified in the test 
order. If a manufacturer determines that the test vehicles cannot be 
selected in the manner specified in the test order, an alternative 
selection procedure may be employed: Provided, That the manufacturer 
requests approval of the alternative procedure in advance of the start 
of test sample selection and that the Administrator approves the 
procedure. Special order vehicles are exempt from sample selection 
unless a test sample cannot be completed otherwise.
    (b) The manufacturer shall have assembled the test vehicles of the 
configuration selected for testing using its normal mass production 
processes for vehicles to be distributed into commerce. During the 
audit, the manufacturer shall inform the Administrator of any change(s) 
implemented in its production processes, including quality control, 
which may be reasonably expected to affect the emissions of the vehicles 
selected, between the time the manufacturer received the test order and 
the time the manufacturer finished selecting test vehicles.
    (c) No quality control, testing, or assembly procedures will be used 
on the completed test vehicles or any portion thereof, including parts 
and subassemblies, that has not been or will not be used during the 
production and assembly of all other vehicles of that configuration.
    (d) The test order may specify that EPA Enforcement Officers, rather 
than the manufacturer, will select the test vehicles according to the 
method described in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (e) The order in which test vehicles are selected determines the 
order in which test results are to be used in applying the sampling plan 
in accordance with Sec. 86.610.
    (f) The manufacturer shall keep on hand all untested vehicles, if 
any, comprising the test sample until a pass or fail decision is reached 
in accordance with paragraph (d) of Sec. 86.610. The manufacturer may 
ship any tested vehicle which has not failed in accordance with

[[Page 660]]

paragraph (a) of Sec. 86.610. However, once a manufacturer ships any 
vehicle from the test sample, it relinquishes the prerogative to conduct 
retests provided in paragraph (i) of Sec. 86.608.

[49 FR 48482, Dec. 12, 1984. Redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.608-88  Test procedures.

    (a) The prescribed test procedures are contained in subpart B of 
this part 86. For purposes of Selective Enforcement Audit testing, the 
manufacturer shall not perform any of the test procedures in subpart B 
of this part relating to evaporative emission testing, except as 
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (1) The Administrator may, on the basis of a written application by 
a manufacturer, prescribe test procedures other than those in subpart B 
of this part for any motor vehicle which he determines is not 
susceptible to satisfactory testing using the procedures in subpart B of 
this part.
    (2) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart B of 
this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing:
    (i) The manufacturer may use test fuel meeting the specifications of 
paragraph (a)(1) or (b)(2) of Sec. 86.113-82 for mileage accumulation. 
Otherwise, the manufacturer may use fuels other than those specified in 
this section only with advance approval of the Administrator.
    (ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel 
at other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified 
in Sec. 86.131(a), and may drain the test fuel from other than the 
lowest point of the tank, as specified in Sec. 86.131(b), provided an 
equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall be maintained 
by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the Administrator 
upon request.
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on SEA 
test vehicles other than the preconditioning specified in Sec. 86.132 
only if the additional preconditioning had been performed on 
certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (iv) The manufacturer shall perform the heat build procedure 11 to 
34 hours following vehicle preconditioning rather than according to the 
time period specified in paragraph Sec. 86.133(a). All references in 
Sec. 86.133 to an evaporative emission enclosure (SHED) and analyzing 
for HC during the heat build can be ignored.
    (v) The manufacturer may substitute slave tires for the drive wheel 
tires on the vehicle as specified in paragraph Sec. 86.135(e): Provided, 
That the slave tires are the same size.
    (vi) The cold start exhaust emission test described in Sec. 86.137 
shall follow the heat build procedure described in Sec. 86.133 by not 
more than one hour.
    (vii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140.
    (A) When testing diesel vehicles, the manufacturer shall allow a 
minimum of 20 minutes warm-up for the HC analyzer, and a minimum of 2 
hours warm-up for the CO, CO2 and NOX analyzers. 
(Power is normally left on infrared and chemiluminescent analyzers. When 
not in use, the chopper motors of the infrared analyzers are turned off 
and the phototube high voltage supply to the chemiluminescent analyzers 
is placed in the standby position.)
    (B) The manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from 
condensing in the sample collection bags.
    (viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142, since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of subpart 
G of this part.
    (ix) In addition to the requirements of subpart B of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles as follows prior to 
exhaust emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water to the fuel system, 
allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating the fuel system from 
the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel system, pressure 
must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water in 5 minutes. If required, 
the manufacturer shall perform corrective action in accordance with 
paragraph Sec. 86.608(d) and report this action in accordance with 
paragraph Sec. 86.609(d).

[[Page 661]]

    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative emission control 
system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except to comply with paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section 
if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (b)(1) The manufacturer shall not adjust, repair, prepare, or modify 
the vehicles selected for testing and shall not perform any emission 
tests on vehicles selected for testing pursuant to the test order unless 
this adjustment, repair, preparation, modification, and/or tests are 
documented in the manufacturer's vehicle assembly and inspection 
procedures and are actually performed or unless these adjustments and/or 
tests are required or permitted under this subpart or are approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (2) For 1981 and later model years the Administrator may adjust or 
cause to be adjusted any engine or vehicle parameter which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment for new vehicle 
compliance testing (e.g., for certification or Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing) in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(c)(1), to any setting 
within the physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined 
by the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(e)(3)(ii), prior 
to the performance of any tests. However, if the idle speed parameter is 
one which the Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment, 
the Administrator shall not adjust it to a setting which causes a lower 
engine idle speed than will be possible within the physically adjustable 
range of the idle speed parameter on the vehicle when it has accumulated 
4,000 miles, all other parameters being adjusted identically for the 
purpose of comparison. The Administrator, in making or specifying such 
adjustments, will consider the effect of the deviation from the 
manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions performance 
characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar settings will 
occur on in-use light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks. In determining 
likelihood, the Administrator will consider factors such as, but not 
limited to, the effect of the adjustment on vehicle performance 
characteristics and surveillance information from similar in-use 
vehicles.
    (c) Prior to performing exhaust emission testing on an SEA test 
vehicle, the manufacturer may accumulate on each vehicle a number of 
miles equal to the greater of 4,000 miles, or the number of miles the 
manufacturer accumulated during certification on the emission-data 
vehicle corresponding to the configuration specified in the test order.
    (1) Mileage accumulation must be performed in any manner using good 
engineering judgment to obtain emission results representative of normal 
production vehicles. This mileage accumulation must be consistent with 
the new vehicle break-in instructions contained in the applicable 
vehicle owner's manual, if any.
    (2) The manufacturer shall accumulate mileage at a minimum rate of 
300 miles per vehicle during each 24 hour period, unless otherwise 
provided by the Administrator.
    (i) The first 24 hour period for mileage accumulation shall begin as 
soon as authorized vehicle checks, inspections and preparations are 
completed on each vehicle.
    (ii) The minimum mileage accumulation rate does not apply on 
weekends or holidays.
    (iii) If the manufacturer's mileage accumulation target is less than 
the minimum rate specified (300 miles per day), then the minimum daily 
accumulation rate shall be equal to the manufacturer's mileage 
accumulation target.
    (3) Mileage accumulation shall be completed on a sufficient number 
of test vehicles during consecutive 24 hour periods to assure that the 
number of vehicles tested per day fulfills the requirements of paragraph 
(g) of this section.
    (d) The manufacturer shall not perform any maintenance on test 
vehicles after selection for testing nor shall the Administrator allow 
deletion of any test vehicle from the test sequence, unless requested by 
the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator before

[[Page 662]]

any test vehicle maintenance or deletion.
    (e) The manufacturer will be allowed 24 hours to ship test vehicles 
from the assembly plant or storage facility to the test facility if the 
test facility is not located at the plant or storage facility or in 
close proximity to the plant or storage facility: Except, That the 
Administrator may approve more time based upon a request by the 
manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
    (f) If a vehicle cannot complete the mileage accumulation or 
emission tests because of vehicle malfunction, the manufacturer may 
request the Administrator to authorize the repair of that vehicle or its 
deletion from the test sequence.
    (g) Whenever the manufacturer conducts testing pursuant to a test 
order issued under this subpart, the manufacturer shall notify the 
Administrator within one working day of receipt of the test order, which 
test facility will be used to comply with the test order and the number 
of available test cells at that facility. If no test cells are available 
at the desired facility, the manufacturer must provide alternate testing 
capability satisfactory to the Administrator. The manufacturer shall 
complete emission testing on a minimum of four vehicles per 24 hour 
period including voided tests for each available test cell at his 
testing facility: Except, That the Administrator may approve a longer 
period based upon a request by the manufacturer accompanied by 
satisfactory justification.
    (h) The manufacturer shall perform test vehicle selection, 
preparation, mileage accumulation, shipping, and testing in such a 
manner as to assure that the audit is performed in an expeditious 
manner.
    (i) The manufacturer may retest any test vehicle after a fail 
decision has been reached in accordance with paragraph (d) of 
Sec. 86.610 based on the first test on each vehicle; except, that the 
Administrator may approve retesting at other times during the audit 
based upon a request by the manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory 
justification. The manufacturer may test each vehicle a total of three 
times. The manufacturer shall test each vehicle the same number of 
times. The manufacturer may accumulate additional mileage on test 
vehicles before conducting retests, subject to the provisions of 
paragraph (c) of this section.

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 43 FR 4552, Feb. 2, 1978; 44 
FR 2975, Jan. 12, 1979; 45 FR 14524, Mar. 5, 1980; 47 FR 49813, Nov. 2, 
1982; 49 FR 48482, Dec. 12, 1984. Redesignated and amended at 54 FR 
2123, Jan. 19, 1989]



Sec. 86.608-90  Test procedures.

    (a) The prescribed test procedures are contained in subpart B and/or 
subpart C of this part 86. For purposes of Selective Enforcement Audit 
testing, the manufacturer shall not perform any of the test procedures 
in subpart B of this part relating to evaporative emission testing, 
except as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (1) The Administrator may, on the basis of a written application by 
a manufacturer, prescribe test procedures other than those in subpart B 
and/or subpart C of this part for any motor vehicle which he determines 
is not susceptible to satisfactory testing using the procedures in 
subpart B and/or subpart C of this part. The Administrator may, based on 
advance application by a manufacturer, approve optional test procedures 
for use in Selective Enforcement Audit testing.
    (2) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart B of 
this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing:
    (i) For mileage accumulation, the manufacturer may use test fuel 
meeting the specifications of mileage and service accumulation fuels of 
Sec. 86.113. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use fuels other than those 
specified in this section only with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel 
at other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified 
in Sec. 86.131-96(a) with only a single temperature sensor, and may 
drain the test fuel from other than the lowest point of the tank, as 
specified in Sec. 86.131-96(b), provided an equivalent method is used. 
Equivalency documentation shall be maintained by the manufacturers

[[Page 663]]

and shall be made available to the Administrator upon request. 
Additionally, for any test vehicle that has remained under laboratory 
ambient temperature conditions for at least 6 hours prior to testing, 
the vehicle soak described in Sec. 86.132-96(c) may be eliminated upon 
approval of the Administrator. In such cases, the vehicle shall be 
operated through the preconditioning drive described in Sec. 86.132-
96(c) immediately following the fuel drain and fill procedure described 
in Sec. 86.132-96(b).
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on SEA 
test vehicles other than the preconditioning specified in Sec. 86.132 
only if the additional preconditioning had been performed on 
certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (iv) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative canister 
preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the 
manufacturer shall perform the heat build procedure 11 to 34 hours 
following vehicle preconditioning rather than according to the time 
period specified in Sec. 86.133-90(a). All references in Sec. 86.133-90 
to an evaporative emission enclosure (SHED) and analyzing for HC during 
the heat build can be ignored.
    (v) The manufacturer may substitute slave tires for the drive wheel 
tires on the vehicle as specified in paragraph Sec. 86.135-90(e): 
Provided, that the slave tires are the same size.
    (vi) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative canister 
preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the cold start 
exhaust emission test described in Sec. 86.137 shall follow the heat 
build procedure described in Sec. 86.133-90 by not more than one hour.
    (vii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140.
    (A) When testing diesel vehicles, or methanol-fueled Otto-cycle 
vehicles, the manufacturer shall allow a minimum of 20 minutes warm-up 
for the HC analyzer, and for diesel vehicles, a minimum of two hours 
warm-up for the CO, CO2, and NOX analyzers. (Power 
is normally left on infrared and chemiluminescent analyzers. When not in 
use, the chopper motors of the infrared analyzers are turned off and the 
phototube high voltage supply to the chemiluminescent analyzers is 
placed in the standby position.)
    (B) The manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from 
condensing in the sample collection bags.
    (viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142, since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of subpart 
G of this part.
    (ix) In addition to the requirements of subpart B of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles 
as follows prior to exhaust emissions testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water to the fuel system, 
allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating the fuel system from 
the pressure source, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of 
water in 5 minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform 
corrective action in accordance with Sec. 86.608 and report this action 
in accordance with Sec. 86.609.
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative emission control 
system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except to comply with paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section 
if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (3) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart C of 
this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing:
    (i) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel at 
other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified in 
Sec. 86.231(a), and may drain the test fuel from other than the lowest 
point of the fuel tank as specified in Sec. 86.231(b), provided an 
equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall be maintained 
by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the Administrator 
upon request.
    (ii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.240, the 
manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent

[[Page 664]]

moisture from condensing in the sample collection bags.
    (iii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.242 since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of subpart 
G of this part.
    (iv) In addition to the requirements of subpart C of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles as follows prior to 
exhaust emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 kPa) 
to the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the 
fuel system from the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel 
system, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 kPa) 
in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective 
action in accordance with paragraph Sec. 86.608(d) and report this 
action in accordance with paragraph Sec. 86.609(d).
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative emission control 
system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except if approved in advance by the Administrator, to 
comply with paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section.
    (b)(1) The manufacturer shall not adjust, repair, prepare, or modify 
the vehicles selected for testing and shall not perform any emission 
tests on vehicles selected for testing pursuant to the test order unless 
this adjustment, repair, preparation, modification, and/or tests are 
documented in the manufacturer's vehicle assembly and inspection 
procedures and are actually performed or unless these adjustments and/or 
tests are required or permitted under this subpart or are approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (2) For 1981 and later model years the Administrator may adjust or 
cause to be adjusted any engine or vehicle parameter which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment for new vehicle 
compliance testing (e.g., for certification or Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing) in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(c)(1), to any setting 
within the physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined 
by the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(e)(3)(ii), prior 
to the performance of any tests. However, if the idle speed parameter is 
one which the Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment, 
the Administrator shall not adjust it to a setting which causes a lower 
engine idle speed than will be possible within the physically adjustable 
range of the idle speed parameter on the vehicle when it has accumulated 
4,000 miles, all other parameters being adjusted identically for the 
purpose of comparison. The Administrator, in making or specifying such 
adjustments, will consider the effect of the deviation from the 
manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions performance 
characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar settings will 
occur on in-use light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks. In determining 
likelihood, the Administrator will consider factors such as, but not 
limited to, the effect of the adjustment on vehicle performance 
characteristics and surveillance information from similar in-use 
vehicles.
    (c) Prior to performing exhaust emission testing on an SEA test 
vehicle, the manufacturer may accumulate on each vehicle a number of 
miles equal to the greater of 4,000 miles, or the number of miles the 
manufacturer accumulated during certification on the emission-data 
vehicle corresponding to the configuration specified in the test order.
    (1) Mileage accumulation must be performed in any manner using good 
engineering judgement to obtain emission results representative of 
normal production vehicles. This mileage accumulation must be consistent 
with the new vehicle break-in instructions contained in the applicable 
vehicle owner's manual, if any.
    (2) The manufacturer shall accumulate mileage at a minimum rate of 
300 miles per vehicle during each 24 hour period, unless otherwise 
provided by the Administrator.
    (i) The first 24 hour period for mileage accumulation shall begin as 
soon

[[Page 665]]

as authorized vehicle checks, inspections and preparations are completed 
on each vehicle.
    (ii) The minimum mileage accumulation rate does not apply on 
weekends or holidays.
    (iii) If the manufacturer's mileage accumulation target is less than 
the minimum rate specified (300 miles per day), then the minimum daily 
accumulation rate shall be equal to the manufacturer's mileage 
accumulation target.
    (3) Mileage accumulation shall be completed on a sufficient number 
of test vehicles during consecutive 24 hour periods to assure that the 
number of vehicles tested per day fulfills the requirements of paragraph 
(g) of this section.
    (d) The manufacturer shall not perform any maintenance on test 
vehicles after selection for testing nor shall the Administrator allow 
deletion of any test vehicle from the test sequence, unless requested by 
the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator before any test 
vehicle maintenance or deletion.
    (e) The manufacturer will be allowed 24 hours to ship test vehicles 
from the assembly plant or storage facility to the test facility if the 
test facility is not located at the plant or storage facility or in 
close proximity to the plant or storage facility: Except, That the 
Administrator may approve more time based upon a request by the 
manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
    (f) If a vehicle cannot complete the mileage accumulation or 
emission tests because of vehicle malfunction, the manufacturer may 
request the Administrator to authorize the repair of that vehicle or its 
deletion from the test sequence.
    (g) Whenever the manufacturer conducts testing pursuant to a test 
order issued under this subpart, the manufacturer shall notify the 
Administrator within one working day of receipt of the test order, which 
test facility will be used to comply with the test cells at that 
facility. If no test cells are available at the desired facility, the 
manufacturer must provide alternate testing capability satisfactory to 
the Administrator. The manufacturer shall complete emission testing on a 
minimum of four vehicles per 24 hour period including voided tests for 
each available test cell at his testing facility: Except, That the 
Administrator may approve a longer period based upon a request by the 
manufacturer accompanied by satisfactory justification.
    (h) The manufacturer shall perform test vehicle selection, 
preparation, mileage accumulation, shipping, and testing in such a 
manner as to assure that the audit is performed in an expeditious 
manner.
    (i) The manufacturer may retest any test vehicle after a fail 
decision has been reached in accordance with paragraph (d) of 
Sec. 86.610 based on the first test on each vehicle; except, that the 
Administrator may approve retesting at other times during the audit 
based upon a request by the manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory 
justification. The manufacturer may test each vehicle the same number of 
times. The manufacturer may accumulate additional mileage on test 
vehicles before conducting retests, subject to the provisions of 
paragraph (c) of this section.

[54 FR 14557, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 57 FR 31921, July 17, 1992; 
58 FR 16045, Mar. 24, 1993; 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.608-96  Test procedures.

    Section 86.608-96 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.608-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.608-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.608-96, this is indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.608-90.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.608-90 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) The prescribed test procedures are the FTP as described in 
subpart B of this part, the cold temperature CO test procedure as 
described in subpart C of this part, and the CST as described in subpart 
O of this part, as applicable. For purposes of Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing, the manufacturer may not perform any of the test 
procedures in subpart B of this part relating to evaporative emission 
testing, except as specified in Sec. 86.608-90(a)(2).
    (1) The Administrator may select and prescribe the sequence of any 
CSTs.

[[Page 666]]

Further, the Administrator may, on the basis of a written application by 
a manufacturer, approve optional test procedures other than those in 
subparts B, C, and O of this part for any motor vehicle which is not 
subject to satisfactory testing using the procedures in subparts B, C, 
and O of this part.
    (2) through (3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-90.
    (4) The exceptions to the test procedures described in subpart O of 
this part that are listed in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (ii) of this 
section are applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing.
    (i) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.1442, since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of subpart 
G of this part.
    (ii) In addition to the requirements of subpart O of this part, the 
manufacturer must prepare vehicles as in paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) (A) 
through (C) of this section prior to exhaust emission testing.
    (A) The manufacturer must inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.5 0.5 inches of water to the fuel system, 
allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating the fuel system from 
the pressure source. Pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of 
water in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer performs corrective 
action in accordance with this section and must report this action in 
accordance with Sec. 86.609.
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer must 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative system.
    (C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-90.

[58 FR 58423, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.608-97  Test procedures.

    Section 86.608-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.608-90 and 86.608-96. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.608-90 or Sec. 86.608-96 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.608-97, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.608-90.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-96.''
    (a) The prescribed test procedures are the Federal Test Procedure, 
as described in subpart B and/or subpart R of this part, whichever is 
applicable, the cold temperature CO test procedure as described in 
subpart C of this part, and the Certification Short Test procedure as 
described in subpart O of this part. Where the manufacturer conducts 
testing based on the requirements specified in Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of 
the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low 
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), the prescribed test procedures 
are the procedures cited in the previous sentence, or substantially 
similar procedures, as determined by the Administrator. The California 
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). For purposes of 
Selective Enforcement Audit testing, the manufacturer shall not be 
required to perform any of the test procedures in subpart B of this part 
relating to evaporative emission testing, except as specified in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-96.
    (2) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart B 
and/or subpart R of this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing:
    (i) For mileage accumulation, the manufacturer may use test fuel 
meeting the specifications for mileage and service accumulation fuels of 
Sec. 86.113, or, for vehicles certified to the National LEV standards, 
the specifications of Sec. 86.1771. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use 
fuels other than those specified in this section only with the advance 
approval of the Administrator.
    (ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-90.
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on 
Selective Enforcement Audit test vehicles other than the preconditioning 
specified in Sec. 86.132, or Sec. 86.1773 for vehicles certified to the 
National LEV standards, only if the additional preconditioning had

[[Page 667]]

been performed on certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (a)(2)(iv) through (a)(2)(vii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.608-90.
    (a)(2)(viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142, or 
Sec. 86.1775, since the records required therein are provided under 
other provisions of this subpart G.
    (a)(2)(ix) through (a)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-
90.
    (a)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-96.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.608-90.

[62 FR 31234, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.608-98  Test procedures.

    (a) The prescribed test procedures are the Federal Test Procedure, 
as described in subpart B and/or subpart R of this part, whichever is 
applicable, the cold temperature CO test procedure as described in 
subpart C of this part, and the Certification Short Test procedure as 
described in subpart O of this part. Where the manufacturer conducts 
testing based on the requirements specified in Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of 
the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low 
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), the prescribed test procedures 
are the procedures cited in the previous sentence, or substantially 
similar procedures, as determined by the Administrator. The California 
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). For purposes of 
Selective Enforcement Audit testing, the manufacturer shall not be 
required to perform any of the test procedures in subpart B of this part 
relating to evaporative emission testing, other than refueling emissions 
testing, except as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (1) The Administrator may omit any of the testing procedures 
described in paragraph (a) of this section and may select and prescribe 
the sequence of any CSTs. Further, the Administrator may, on the basis 
of a written application by a manufacturer, approve optional test 
procedures other than those in subparts B, C, and O of this part for any 
motor vehicle which is not susceptible to satisfactory testing using the 
procedures in subparts B, C, and O of this part.
    (2) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart B 
and/or subpart R of this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing:
    (i) For mileage accumulation, the manufacturer may use test fuel 
meeting the specifications for mileage and service accumulation fuels of 
Sec. 86.113, or, for vehicles certified to the National LEV standards, 
the specifications of Sec. 86.1771. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use 
fuels other than those specified in this section only with the advance 
approval of the Administrator.
    (ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel 
at other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified 
in Sec. 86.131-96(a) with only a single temperature sensor, and may 
drain the test fuel from other than the lowest point of the tank, as 
specified in Sec. 86.131-96(b) and Sec. 86.152-98(a), provided an 
equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall be maintained 
by the manufacturers and shall be made available to the Administrator 
upon request. Additionally, for any test vehicle that has remained under 
laboratory ambient temperature conditions for at least 6 hours prior to 
testing, the vehicle soak described in Sec. 86.132-96(c) may be 
eliminated upon approval of the Administrator. In such cases, the 
vehicle shall be operated through the preconditioning drive described in 
Sec. 86.132-96(c) immediately following the fuel drain and fill 
procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(b).
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on 
Selective Enforcement Audit test vehicles other than the preconditioning 
specified in Sec. 86.132, or Sec. 86.1773, for vehicles certified to the 
National LEV standards only if the additional preconditioning was 
performed on certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (iv) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative/refueling 
canister preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the 
manufacturer shall perform the heat build procedure 11 to 34 hours 
following vehicle preconditioning rather than according to the time 
period specified in Sec. 86.133-90(a).

[[Page 668]]

All references to an evaporative emission enclosure and analyzing for HC 
during the heat build can be ignored.
    (v) The manufacturer may substitute slave tires for the drive wheel 
tires on the vehicle as specified in paragraph Sec. 86.135-90(e): 
Provided, that the slave tires are the same size.
    (vi) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative/refueling 
canister preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the 
cold start exhaust emission test described in Sec. 86.137-96 shall 
follow the heat build procedure described in Sec. 86.133-90 by not more 
than one hour.
    (vii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140-94.
    (A) When testing diesel vehicles, or methanol-fueled Otto-cycle 
vehicles, the manufacturer shall allow a minimum of 20 minutes warm-up 
for the HC analyzer, and for diesel vehicles, a minimum of two hours 
warm-up for the CO, CO2, and NOX analyzers. (Power 
is normally left on infrared and chemiluminescent analyzers. When not in 
use, the chopper motors of the infrared analyzers are turned off and the 
phototube high voltage supply to the chemiluminescent analyzers is 
placed in the standby position.)
    (B) The manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from 
condensing in the sample collection bags.
    (viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142, 
Sec. 86.155, or Sec. 86.1775, since the records required therein are 
provided under other provisions of this subpart G.
    (ix) If a manufacturer elects to perform the background 
determination procedure described in paragraph (a)(2)(xi) of this 
section in addition to performing the refueling emissions test 
procedure, the elapsed time between the initial and final FID readings 
shall be recorded, rounded to the nearest second rather than minute as 
described in Sec. 86.154-98(e)(8). In addition, the vehicle soak 
described in Sec. 86.153-98(e) shall be conducted with the windows and 
luggage compartment of the vehicle open.
    (x) The Administrator may elect to perform a seal test, described in 
Sec. 86.153-98(b), of both integrated and non-integrated systems instead 
of the full refueling test. When testing non-integrated systems, an 
manufacturer may conduct the canister purge described in Sec. 86.153-
98(b)(1) directly following the preconditioning drive described in 
Sec. 86.132-96(e) or directly following the exhaust emissions test 
described in Sec. 86.137-96.
    (xi) In addition to the refueling test, a manufacturer may elect to 
perform the following background emissions determination immediately 
prior to the refueling measurement procedure described in Sec. 86.154-
98, provided EPA is notified of this decision prior to the start of 
testing in an SEA.
    (A) The SHED shall be purged for several minutes immediately prior 
to the background determination. Warning: If at any time the 
concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and 
hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C, the enclosure should be immediately 
purged. This concentration provides a 4:1 safety factor against the lean 
flammability limit.
    (B) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the background determination. If not 
already on, the enclosure mixing fan and the spilled fuel mixing blower 
shall be turned on at this time.
    (C) Place the vehicle in the SHED. The ambient temperature level 
encountered by the test vehicle during the entire background emissions 
determination shall be 80  deg.F 3  deg.F. The windows and 
luggage compartment of the vehicle must be open and the gas cap must be 
secured.
    (D) Seal the SHED. Immediately analyze the ambient concentration of 
hydrocarbons in the SHED and record. This is the initial background 
hydrocarbon concentration.
    (E) Soak the vehicle for ten minutes 1 minute.
    (F) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the end of the background determination.
    (G) Analyze the ambient concentration of hydrocarbons in the SHED 
and record. This is the final background hydrocarbon concentration.
    (H) The total hydrocarbon mass emitted during the background 
determination is calculated according to Sec. 86.156-98. To obtain a 
per-minute

[[Page 669]]

background emission rate, divide the total hydrocarbon mass calculated 
in this paragraph by the duration of the soak, rounded to the nearest 
second, described in paragraph (a)(2)(xi)(G) of this section.
    (I) The background emission rate is multiplied by the duration of 
the refueling measurement obtained in paragraph (a)(2)(ix) of this 
section. This number is then subtracted from the total grams of 
emissions calculated for the refueling test according to Sec. 86.156-
98(a) to obtain the adjusted value for total refueling emissions. The 
final results for comparison with the refueling emission standard shall 
be computed by dividing the adjusted value for total refueling mass 
emissions by the total gallons of fuel dispensed in the refueling test 
as described in Sec. 86.156-98(b).
    (xii) In addition to the requirements of subpart B of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles 
as follows prior to emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa) 
to the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the 
fuel system from the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel 
system, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) 
in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective 
action in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section and report this 
action in accordance with Sec. 86.609-98(d).
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling 
emission control systems.
    (C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
or refueling emission control systems by component addition, deletion, 
or substitution, except to comply with paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this 
section if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (3) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart C of 
this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing:
    (i) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel at 
other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified in 
Sec. 86.131-90(a), and may drain the test fuel from other than the 
lowest point of the fuel tank as specified in Sec. 86.131-90(b), 
provided an equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall 
be maintained by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (ii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140-94, the 
manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from condensing in 
the sample collection bags.
    (iii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142-90 since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of this 
subpart G.
    (iv) In addition to the requirements of subpart C of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles as follows prior to 
exhaust emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa) 
to the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the 
fuel system from the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel 
system, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) 
in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective 
action in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section and report this 
action in accordance with Sec. 86.609-98(d).
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling 
emission control system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
or refueling emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except if approved in advance by the Administrator, to 
comply with paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section.
    (4) The exceptions to the test procedures in subpart O of this part 
applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing are listed in 
paragraphs (a)(4) (i) and (ii) of this section.

[[Page 670]]

    (i) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.1442, since the 
records required therein are provided under provisions of this subpart 
G.
    (ii) In addition to the requirements of subpart O of this part, the 
manufacturer must prepare vehicles as in paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) (A) 
through (C) of this section prior to exhaust emission testing.
    (A) The manufacturer must inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa) 
to the fuel system, allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating 
the fuel system from the pressure source. Pressure must not drop more 
than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) in five minutes. If required, the 
manufacturer performs corrective action in accordance with paragraph (d) 
of this section and must report this action in accordance with 
Sec. 86.609-98(d).
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer must 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling 
emission control system.
    (C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
or refueling emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution.
    (b)(1) The manufacturer shall not adjust, repair, prepare, or modify 
the vehicles selected for testing and shall not perform any emission 
tests on vehicles selected for testing pursuant to the test order unless 
this adjustment repair, preparation, modification, and/or tests are 
documented in the manufacturer's vehicle assembly and inspection 
procedures and are actually performed or unless these adjustments and/or 
tests are required or permitted under this subpart or are approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (2) For 1981 and later model years the Administrator may adjust or 
cause to be adjusted any engine or vehicle parameter which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment for new vehicle 
compliance testing (e.g., for certification or Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing) in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(c)(1), to any setting 
within the physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined 
by the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(e)(3)(ii), prior 
to the performance of any tests. However, if the idle speed parameter is 
one which the Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment, 
the Administrator shall not adjust it to a setting which causes a lower 
engine idle speed than will be possible within the physically adjustable 
range of the idle speed parameter on the vehicle when it has accumulated 
4,000 miles, all other parameters being adjusted identically for the 
purpose of comparison. The Administrator, in making or specifying such 
adjustments, will consider the effect of the deviation from the 
manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions performance 
characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar settings will 
occur on in-use light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks. In determining 
likelihood, the Administrator will consider factors such as, but not 
limited to, the effect of the adjustment on vehicle performance 
characteristics and surveillance information from similar in-use 
vehicles.
    (c) Prior to performing emission testing pursuant to paragraph (a) 
of this section on an SEA test vehicle, the manufacturer may accumulate 
on each vehicle a number of miles equal to the greater of 4,000 miles, 
or the number of miles the manufacturer accumulated during certification 
on the emission-data vehicle corresponding to the configuration 
specified in the test order.
    (1) Mileage accumulation must be performed in any manner using good 
engineering judgment to obtain emission results representative of normal 
production vehicles. This mileage accumulation must be consistent with 
the new vehicle break-in instructions contained in the applicable 
vehicle owner's manual, if any.
    (2) The manufacturer shall accumulate mileage at a minimum rate of 
300 miles per vehicle during each 24-hour period, unless otherwise 
provided by the Administrator.
    (i) The first 24-hour period for mileage accumulation shall begin as 
soon as authorized vehicle checks, inspections and preparations are 
completed on each vehicle.

[[Page 671]]

    (ii) The minimum mileage accumulation rate does not apply on 
weekends or holidays.
    (iii) If the manufacturer's mileage accumulation target is less than 
the minimum rate specified (300 miles per day), then the minimum daily 
accumulation rate shall be equal to the manufacturer's mileage 
accumulation target.
    (3) Mileage accumulation shall be completed on a sufficient number 
of test vehicles during consecutive 24-hour periods to assure that the 
number of vehicles tested per day fulfills the requirements of paragraph 
(g) of this section.
    (d) The manufacturer shall not perform any maintenance on test 
vehicles after selection for testing nor shall the Administrator allow 
deletion of any test vehicle from the test sequence, unless requested by 
the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator before any test 
vehicle maintenance of deletion.
    (e) The manufacturer will be allowed 24 hours to ship test vehicles 
from the assembly plant or storage facility to the test facility if the 
test facility is not located at the plant or storage facility or in 
close proximity to the plant or storage facility: Except, that the 
Administrator may approve more time based upon a request by the 
manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
    (f) If a vehicle cannot complete the mileage accumulation or 
emission tests because of vehicle malfunction, the manufacturer may 
request the Administrator to authorize the repair of that vehicle or its 
deletion from the test sequence.
    (g) Whenever the manufacturer conducts testing pursuant to a test 
order issued under this subpart, the manufacturer shall notify the 
Administrator within one working day of receipt of the test order, which 
test facility will be used to comply with the test order and the number 
of available test cells at that facility. If no test cells are available 
at the desired facility, the manufacturer must provide alternate testing 
capability satisfactory to the Administrator.
    (1) The manufacturer shall perform a combination of tests pursuant 
to paragraph (a) of this section so that a minimum of four tests are 
performed per 24 hour period, including voided tests, for each available 
test cell.
    (2) The Administrator may approve a longer period based upon a 
request by a manufacturer accompanied by satisfactory justification.
    (h) The manufacturer shall perform test vehicle selection, 
preparation, mileage accumulation, shipping, and testing in such a 
manner as to assure that the audit is performed in an expeditious 
manner.
    (i) The manufacturer may retest any test vehicle after a fail 
decision has been reached in accordance with Sec. 86.610-98(d) based on 
the first test on each vehicle; except that the Administrator may 
approve retests at other times during the audit based upon a request by 
the manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification. The 
manufacturer may test each vehicle a total of three times. The 
manufacturer shall test each vehicle the same number of times. The 
manufacturer may accumulate additional mileage on test vehicles before 
conducting retests, subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section.

[59 FR 16301, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995; 62 
FR 31235, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.609-84  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    (a) Initial test results are calculated following the Federal Test 
Procedure specified in Sec. 86.608(a). Round the initial test results to 
the number of decimal places contained in the applicable emission 
standard, expressed to one additional significant figure. Rounding shall 
be done in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using 
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (b) Final test results for each test vehicle shall be calculated by 
summing the initial test results derived in paragraph (a) of this 
section for each test vehicle, dividing by the number of tests conducted 
on the vehicle, and rounding to the same number of decimal places 
contained in the applicable emission standard expressed to one 
additional

[[Page 672]]

significant figure. Rounding shall be done in accordance with ASTM E 29-
90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 
Determine Conformance with Specifications. This procedure has been 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c)(1) The final deteriorated test results for each test vehicle 
shall be calculated by multiplying the final test results by the 
appropriate deterioration factor derived for the certification process 
for the engine family and model year to which the selected configuration 
belongs, and rounded to two significant figures. Rounding shall be done 
in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. This 
procedure has been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). For the 
purposes of this paragraph, if a deterioration factor as computed during 
the certification process is less than one, that deterioration factor 
shall be one.
    (2) There are no deterioration factors for light-duty vehicles 
tested in accordance with Sec. 86.146-96 of subpart B of this part. 
Accordingly, for the fuel dispensing spitback test the term ``final 
deteriorated test results'' shall mean the final test results derived in 
paragraph (b) of this section for each test vehicle, rounded to the same 
number of significant figures contained in the applicable standard in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. This 
procedure has been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (d) Within five working days after completion of testing of all 
vehicles pursuant to a test order, the manufacturer shall submit to the 
Administrator a report which includes the following information:
    (1) The location and description of the manufacturer's exhaust 
emission test facilities which were utilized to conduct testing reported 
pursuant to this section;
    (2) The applicable standards against which the vehicles were tested;
    (3) Deterioration factors for the selected configuration.
    (4) A description of the vehicle selection method used;
    (5) For each test conducted,
    (i) Test vehicle description including:
    (A) Configuration and engine family identification.
    (B) Year, make, build date, and model of vehicle.
    (C) Vehicle Identification Number.
    (D) Miles accumulated on vehicle.
    (ii) Location where mileage accumulation was conducted and 
description of accumulation schedule.
    (iii) Test number, date, initial test results, final results and 
final deteriorated test results for all valid and invalid exhaust 
emission tests, and the reason for invalidation.
    (iv) A complete description of any modification, repair, 
preparation, maintenance and/or testing which was performed on the test 
vehicle and (A) has not been reported pursuant to any other paragraph of 
this subpart and (B) will not be performed on all other production 
vehicles.
    (v) Carbon dioxide emission values for all valid and invalid exhaust 
emission tests;
    (vi) Where a vehicle was deleted from the test sequence by 
authorization of the Administrator, the reason for the deletion;
    (vii) Any other information the Administrator may request relevant 
to the determination as to whether the new motor vehicles being 
manufactured by the manufacturer do in fact conform with the regulations 
with respect to which the certificate of conformity was issued.
    (6) The following statement and endorsement:

    This report is submitted pursuant to sections 206 and 208 of the 
Clean Air Act. This Selective Enforcement Audit was conducted in 
complete conformance with all applicable regulations under 40 CFR part 
86 et seq. and the conditions of the test order. No emission related 
change(s) to production processes or quality control procedures for the 
vehicle configuration tested have been made between receipt of this test 
order and conclusion of the audit. All data and information reported 
herein is, to the best of

_______________________________________________________________________
(Company Name)

knowledge, true and accurate. I am aware of the penalties associated 
with violations of the Clean Air Act and the regulations thereunder.

_______________________________________________________________________

[[Page 673]]

(Authorized Company Representative)

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 43 FR 4552, Feb. 2, 1978; 49 
FR 48483, Dec. 12, 1984. Redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989, and 
amended at 58 FR 16045, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.609-96  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    Section 86.609-96 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.609-84. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.609-84 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.609-96, this is indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.609-84.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.609-84 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) Initial test results are calculated following the test 
procedures specified in Sec. 86.608(a). Round the initial test results 
to the number of decimal places contained in the applicable emission 
standard expressed to one additional significant figure. Rounding is 
done in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using 
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (b) Final test results for each test vehicle are calculated by 
summing the initial test results within a specific FTP, CST, or Cold 
Temperature CO Test Procedure derived in paragraph (a) of this section 
for each test vehicle, dividing by the number of times that specific 
FTP, CST, or Cold Temperature CO Test Procedure has been conducted on 
the vehicle, and rounding to the same number of decimal places contained 
in the applicable emission standard expressed to one additional 
significant figure. Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, 
Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c) Final deteriorated test results--(1) For each test vehicle. The 
final deteriorated test results for each test vehicle are calculated by 
multiplying the final test results by the appropriate deterioration 
factor derived from the certification process for the engine family and 
model year to which the selected configuration belongs and rounding to 
the same number of decimal places contained in the applicable emission 
standard. Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard 
Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1). For the purpose of this paragraph, if a 
deterioration factor as computed during the certification process is 
less than one, that deterioration factor is one.
    (2) Exceptions. (i) There are no deterioration factors for light-
duty vehicle emissions obtained during testing in accordance with 
subpart O of this part. Accordingly, for the CST the term ``final 
deteriorated test results'' means the final test results derived in 
paragraph (b) of this section for each test vehicle, rounded to the same 
number of decimal places contained in the applicable emission standard. 
Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for 
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (ii) There are no deterioration factors for light-duty vehicles 
tested in accordance with Sec. 86.146-96. Accordingly, for the fuel 
dispensing spitback test the term ``final deteriorated test results'' 
means the final test results derived in paragraph (b) of this section 
for each test vehicle, rounded to the same number of significant figures 
contained in the applicable standard in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, 
Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.609-84.

[58 FR 58423, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.609-97  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    Section 86.609-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.609-84 and 86.609-96. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.609-84 or

[[Page 674]]

Sec. 86.609-96 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.609-97, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.609-84.'' or ``[Reserved]. For 
guidance see Sec. 86.609-96.''
    (a) through (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.609-96.
    (c) Final deteriorated test results--(1) For each test vehicle. The 
final deteriorated test results for each test vehicle tested according 
to subpart B, subpart C, or subpart R of this part are calculated by 
first multiplying or adding, as appropriate, the final test results by 
or to the appropriate deterioration factor derived from the 
certification process for the engine or evaporative/refueling family and 
model year to which the selected configuration belongs, and then by 
multiplying by the appropriate reactivity adjustment factor, if 
applicable, and rounding to the same number of decimal places contained 
in the applicable emission standard. Rounding is done in accordance with 
the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for 
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications. This procedure is incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1). For the purpose of this paragraph (c), if a multiplicative 
deterioration factor as computed during the certification process is 
less than one, that deterioration factor is one. If an additive 
deterioration factor as computed during the certification process is 
less than zero, that deterioration factor will be zero.
    (c)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.609-96.
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.609-84.

[62 FR 31235, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.609-98  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    (a) Initial test results are calculated following the test 
procedures specified in Sec. 86.608-98(a). Round the initial test 
results to the number of decimal places contained in the applicable 
emission standard expressed to one additional significant figure. 
Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM E 29-67, (reapproved 1980) (as 
referenced in Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii).
    (b) Final test results for each test vehicle are calculated by 
summing the initial test results derived in paragraph (a) of this 
section for each test vehicle, dividing by the number of times that 
specific test has been conducted on the vehicle, and rounding to the 
same number of decimal places contained in the applicable standard 
expressed to one additional significant figure. Rounding is done in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67, (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in 
Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii).
    (c) Final deteriorated test results--(1) For each test vehicle. The 
final deteriorated test results for each light-duty vehicle tested for 
exhaust emissions and/or refueling emissions according to subpart B, 
subpart C, or subpart R of this part are calculated by first multiplying 
or adding, as appropriate, the final test results by or to the 
appropriate deterioration factor derived from the certification process 
for the engine or evaporative/refueling family and model year to which 
the selected configuration belongs, and then by multiplying by the 
appropriate reactivity adjustment factor, if applicable, and rounding to 
the same number of decimal places contained in the applicable emission 
standard. Rounding is done in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method 
specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits 
in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. This 
procedure has been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). For the 
purpose of this paragraph (c), if a multiplicative deterioration factor 
as computed during the certification process is less than one, that 
deterioration factor is one. If an additive deterioration factor as 
computed during the certification process is less than zero, that 
deterioration factor will be zero.
    (2) Exceptions. There are no deterioration factors for light-duty 
vehicle emissions obtained during testing in accordance with subpart O 
of this part or with Sec. 86.146-96. Accordingly, for the CST and the 
fuel dispensing spitback test the term ``final deteriorated test 
results'' means the final test results derived in paragraph (b) of this 
section for each test vehicle, rounded to the same number of decimal 
places contained in the applicable emission

[[Page 675]]

standard. Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM E 29-67, (reapproved 
1980) (as referenced in Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii).
    (d) Within five working days after completion of testing of all 
vehicles pursuant to a test order, the manufacturer shall submit to the 
Administrator a report which includes the following information:
    (1) The location and description of the manufacturer's emission test 
facilities which were utilized to conduct testing reported pursuant to 
this section.
    (2) The applicable standards against which the vehicles were tested.
    (3) Deterioration factors for the selected configuration.
    (4) A description of the vehicle selection method used.
    (5) For each test conducted.
    (i) Test vehicle description including:
    (A) Configuration, engine family, and refueling family 
identification.
    (B) Year, make, build date, and model of vehicle.
    (C) Vehicle Identification Number.
    (D) Miles accumulated on vehicle.
    (ii) Location where mileage accumulation was conducted and 
description of accumulation schedule.
    (iii) Test number, date initial test results, final results and 
final deteriorated test results for all valid and invalid exhaust 
emission tests, and the reason for invalidation.
    (iv) A complete description of any modification, repair, 
preparation, maintenance and/or testing which was performed on the test 
vehicle and:
    (A) Has not been reported pursuant to any other paragraph of this 
subpart; and
    (B) Will not be performed on all other production vehicles.
    (v) Carbon dioxide emission values for all valid and invalid exhaust 
emission tests.
    (vi) Where a vehicle was deleted from the test sequence by 
authorization of the Administrator, the reason for the deletion.
    (vii) Any other information the Administrator may request relevant 
to the determination as to whether the new motor vehicles being 
manufactured by the manufacturer do in fact conform with the regulations 
with respect to which the certificate of conformity was issued.
    (6) The following statement and endorsement:

    This report is submitted pursuant to sections 206 and 208 of the 
Clean Air Act. This Selective Enforcement Audit was conducted in 
complete conformance with all applicable regulations under 40 CFR part 
86 and the conditions of the test order. No emission related change(s) 
to production processes or quality control procedures for the vehicle 
configuration tested have been made between receipt of this test order 
and conclusion of the audit. All data and information reported herein 
is, to the best of

_______________________________________________________________________
(Company Name)

knowledge, true and accurate. I am aware of the penalties associated 
with violations of the Clean Air Act and the regulations thereunder.

_______________________________________________________________________
(Authorized Company Representative)

[59 FR 16303, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 31236, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.610-96  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.

    (a) The prescribed acceptable quality level is 40 percent.
    (b) A failed vehicle is one whose final deteriorated test results 
pursuant to Sec. 86.609-96(c), for one or more of the applicable 
pollutants, including fuel spitback, exceed the applicable emission 
standard. For the CST as described in subpart O of this part, a vehicle 
fail determination is made if the final deteriorated test results for HC 
and/or CO emissions from any CST exceed the applicable emission 
standard.
    (c) Pass/fail criteria--(1) FTP criteria. The manufacturer must test 
vehicles comprising the test sample until a pass decision is reached for 
all pollutants, or a fail decision is reached for one pollutant. A pass 
decision is reached when the cumulative number of failed vehicles, as 
defined in paragraph (b) of this section, for each pollutant is less 
than or equal to the fail decision number appropriate to the cumulative 
number of vehicles tested. A fail decision is reached when the 
cumulative number of failed vehicles for one pollutant is

[[Page 676]]

greater than or equal to the fail decision number appropriate to the 
cumulative number of vehicles tested. The pass and fail decision numbers 
associated with the cumulative number of vehicles tested are determined 
by use of the tables in appendix XI to this part appropriate for the 
annual projected sales as made by the manufacturer in its report 
submitted under Sec. 600.207-80(a)(2) of this chapter (Automobile Fuel 
Economy Regulations). In the tables in appendix XI to this part, 
sampling plan ``stage'' refers to the cumulative number of vehicles 
tested. Once a pass decision has been made for a particular pollutant, 
the number of vehicles whose final deteriorated test results exceed the 
emission standard for that pollutant may not be considered any further 
for purposes of the audit.
    (2) CST criteria. A pass/fail decision is based on the CST in its 
entirety rather than on a per pollutant basis. The manufacturer must 
test vehicles comprising the test sample until a pass or fail decision 
is reached based on CST testing. A pass decision is reached when the 
cumulative number of failed vehicles, as defined in paragraph (b) of 
this section, based on CST testing is less than or equal to the pass 
decision number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. 
A fail decision is reached when the cumulative number of failed vehicles 
based on CST testing is greater than or equal to the fail decision 
number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. The pass 
and fail decision numbers associated with the cumulative number of 
vehicles tested are determined by use of the tables in appendix XI to 
this part appropriate for the annual projected sales as made by the 
manufacturer in its report submitted under Sec. 600.207-80(a)(2) of this 
chapter (Automobile Fuel Economy Regulations). In the tables in appendix 
XI to this part, sampling plan ``stage'' refers to the cumulative number 
of vehicles tested. Once a pass decision has been made based on CST 
testing, the number of vehicles whose final deteriorated test results 
exceed any of the emission standards for any CST may not be considered 
any further for purposes of the audit.
    (d) Passing or failing of an SEA occurs when the decision is made on 
the last vehicle required to make a decision under paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (e) The Administrator may terminate testing earlier than required in 
paragraph (c) of this section.

[58 FR 58424, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.610-98  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.

    (a) The prescribed acceptable quality level is 40 percent.
    (b) A failed vehicle is one whose final deteriorated test results 
pursuant to Sec. 86.609-98(c) exceed at least one of the applicable 
emission standards associated with the test procedures pursuant to 
Sec. 86.608-98(a).
    (c)(1) Pass/fail criteria. The manufacturer shall test vehicles 
comprising the test sample until a pass decision is reached for all of 
the pollutants associated with all of the test procedures pursuant to 
Sec. 86.608-98(a) or a fail decision is reached for one of these 
pollutants. A pass decision is reached when the cumulative number of 
failed vehicles, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section, for each 
pollutant is less than or equal to the fail decision number appropriate 
to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. A fail decision is reached 
when the cumulative number of failed vehicles for one pollutant is 
greater than or equal to the fail decision number appropriate to the 
cumulative number of vehicles tested. The pass and fail decision numbers 
associated with the cumulative number of vehicles tested are determined 
by use of the tables in appendix XI of this part appropriate for the 
annual projected sales as made by the manufacturer in its report 
submitted under Sec. 600.207-80(a)(2) of this chapter (Automobile Fuel 
Economy Regulations). In the tables in appendix XI of this part, 
sampling plan ``stage'' refers to the cumulative number of vehicles 
tested. Once a pass decision has been made for a particular pollutant 
associated with a particular test procedure pursuant to Sec. 86.608-
98(a), the number of vehicles whose final deteriorated test results 
exceed the emission standard for that

[[Page 677]]

pollutant may not be considered any further for purposes of the audit.
    (2) CST criteria only. For CST testing pursuant to subpart O, a pass 
or fail decision is determined according to the pass/fail criteria 
described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, except that for each 
vehicle, the CST in its entirety is considered one pollutant.
    (d) Passing or failing of an SEA audit occurs when the decision is 
made on the last vehicle required to make a decision under paragraph (c) 
of this section.
    (e) The Administrator may terminate testing earlier than required in 
paragraph (c) of this section.

[59 FR 16304, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.612-84  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

    (a) The certificate of conformity is suspended with respect to any 
vehicle failing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Sec. 86.610 effective from 
the time that testing of that vehicle is completed.
    (b) The Administrator may suspend the certificate of conformity for 
a configuration which does not pass a Selective Enforcement Audit 
pursuant to paragraph Sec. 86.610(c) based on the first test, or all 
tests, conducted on each vehicle. This suspension will not occur before 
ten days after failure to pass the audit.
    (c) If the results of vehicle testing pursuant to these regulations 
indicate the vehicles of a particular configuration produced at more 
than one plant do not conform to the regulations with respect to which 
the certificate of conformity was issued, the Administrator may suspend 
the certificate of conformity with respect to that configuration for 
vehicles manufactured by the manufacturer in other plants of the 
manufacturer.
    (d) The Administrator will notify the manufacturer in writing of any 
suspension or revocation of a certificate of conformity in whole or in 
part: Except, That the certificate of conformity is immediately 
suspended with respect to any vehicle failing pursuant to Sec. 86.610(a) 
and as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (e) The Administrator may revoke a certificate of conformity for a 
configuration when the certificate has been suspended pursuant to 
paragraph (b) or (c) of this section if the proposed remedy for the 
nonconformity, as reported by the manufacturer to the Administrator, is 
one requiring a design change(s) to the engine and/or emission control 
system as described in the Application for Certification of the affected 
configuration.
    (f) Once a certificate has been suspended for a failed vehicle as 
provided for in paragraph (a) of this section, the manufacturer must 
take the following actions:
    (1) Before the certificate is reinstated for that failed vehicle,
    (i) Remedy the nonconformity, and
    (ii) Demonstrate that the vehicle's final deteriorated test results 
conform to the applicable emission standards or family particulate 
emission limits, as defined in part 86 by retesting the vehicle in 
accordance with these regulations.
    (2) Submit a written report to the Administrator within thirty days 
after successful completion of testing on the failed vehicle, which 
contains a description of the remedy and test results for the vehicle in 
addition to other information that may be required by this regulation.
    (g) Once a certificate has been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b) 
or (c) of this section, the manufacturer must take the following actions 
before the Administrator will consider reinstating such certificate:
    (1) Submit a written report to the Administrator which identifies 
the reason for the noncompliance of the vehicles, describes the proposed 
remedy, including a description of any proposed quality control and/or 
quality assurance measures to be taken by the manufacturer to prevent 
the future occurrence of the problem, and states the date on which the 
remedies will be implemented, and
    (2) Demonstrate that the vehicle configuration for which the 
certificate of conformity has been suspended does in fact comply with 
these regulations by testing vehicles selected from normal production 
runs of that vehicle configuration, at the plant(s) or the facilities 
specified by the Administrator, in accordance with the conditions 
specified in the initial test order; except,

[[Page 678]]

that if the Administrator has not revoked the certificate pursuant to 
paragraph (e) of this section and if the manufacturer elects to continue 
testing individual vehicles after suspension of a certificate, the 
certificate is reinstated for any vehicle actually determined to have 
its final deteriorated test results in conformance with the applicable 
standards through testing in accordance with the applicable test 
procedures.
    (h) Once a certificate for a failed configuration has been revoked 
under paragraph (e) of this section and the manufacturer desires to 
introduce into commerce a modified version of that configuration, the 
following actions will be taken before the Administrator may issue a 
certificate for the new configuration:
    (1) If the Administrator determines that the proposed change(s) in 
vehicle design may have an effect on emission performance deterioration 
and/or fuel economy, he shall notify the manufacturer within 5 working 
days after receipt of the report in paragraph (g) of this section 
whether subsequent testing under this subpart will be sufficient to 
evaluate the proposed change(s) or whether additional testing will be 
required; and
    (2) After implementing the change(s) intended to remedy the 
nonconformity, the manufacturer shall demonstrate that the modified 
vehicle configuration does in fact conform with these regulations by 
testing vehicles selected from normal production runs of that modified 
vehicle configuration in accordance with the conditions specified in the 
initial test order. The Administrator shall consider this testing to 
satisfy the testing requirements of Sec. 86.079-32 or Sec. 86.079-33 if 
the Administrator had so notified the manufacturer. If the subsequent 
testing results in passing of the audit, the Administrator shall reissue 
or amend the certificate, if necessary, to include that configuration: 
Provided, That the manufacturer has satisfied the testing requirements 
specified in paragraph (h)(1) of this section. If the subsequent audit 
is failed, the revocation remains in effect. Any design change approvals 
under this subpart are limited to the modification of the configuration 
specified by the test order.
    (i) A manufacturer may at any time subsequent to an initial 
suspension of a certificate of conformity with respect to a test vehicle 
pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section, but not later than fifteen 
(15) days or such other period as may be allowed by the Administrator 
after notification of the Administrator's decision to suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity in whole or in part pursuant to paragraph 
(b), (c) or (e) of this section, request that the Administrator grant 
such manufacturer a hearing as to whether the tests have been properly 
conducted or any sampling methods have been properly applied.
    (j) After the Administrator suspends or revokes a certificate of 
conformity pursuant to this section or notifies a manufacturer of his 
intent to suspend, revoke or void a certificate of conformity under 
paragraph (d) of Sec. 86.084-30, and prior to the commencement of a 
hearing under Sec. 86.614, if the manufacturer demonstrates to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that the decision to suspend, revoke or 
void the certificate was based on erroneous information, the 
Administrator shall reinstate the certificate.
    (k) To permit a manufacturer to avoid storing non-test vehicles when 
conducting an audit of a configuration subsequent to suspension or 
revocation of the certificate of conformity for that configuration, 
resulting from failure of the initial audit of that configuration, he 
may request that the Administrator conditionally reinstate the 
certificate for that configuration. The Administrator may reinstate the 
certificate subject to the condition that the manufacturer consents to 
recall all vehicles of that configuration produced from the time the 
certificate is conditionally reinstated if the configuration fails the 
subsequent audit and to remedy any nonconformity at no expense to the 
owner.

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 43 FR 4553, Feb. 2, 1978; 49 
FR 48484, Dec. 12, 1984. Redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989]

[[Page 679]]



Sec. 86.612-97  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

    (a) The certificate of conformity is immediately suspended with 
respect to any vehicle failing pursuant to Sec. 86.610(b) effective from 
the time that testing of that vehicle is completed.
    (b)(1) Selective Enforcement Audits. The Administrator may suspend 
the certificate of conformity for a configuration that does not pass a 
Selective Enforcement Audit pursuant to Sec. 86.610-98(c) based on the 
first test, or all tests, conducted on each vehicle. This suspension 
will not occur before ten days after failure to pass the audit.
    (2) California Assembly-Line Quality Audit Testing. The 
Administrator may suspend the certificate of conformity for a 50-state 
family or configuration tested in accordance with procedures prescribed 
under Sec. 86.608 that the Executive Officer has determined to be in 
non-compliance with one or more applicable pollutants based on the 
requirements specified in Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of the California 
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program (October, 1996), if the results of vehicle testing conducted by 
the manufacturer do not meet the acceptable quality level criteria 
pursuant to Sec. 86.610. The California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) 
are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). A vehicle that is tested 
by the manufacturer pursuant to California Assembly-Line Quality Audit 
Test Procedures, in accordance with procedures prescribed under 
Sec. 86.608, and determined to be a failing vehicle will be treated as a 
failed vehicle described in Sec. 86.610(b), unless the manufacturer can 
show that the vehicle would not be considered a failed vehicle using the 
test procedures specified in Sec. 86.608. This suspension will not occur 
before ten days after the manufacturer receives written notification 
that the Administrator has determined the 50-state family or 
configuration exceeds one or more applicable federal standards.
    (c)(1) Selective Enforcement Audits. If the results of vehicle 
testing pursuant to the requirements of this subpart indicates the 
vehicles of a particular configuration produced at more than one plant 
do not conform to the regulations with respect to which the certificate 
of conformity was issued, the Administrator may suspend the certificate 
of conformity with respect to that configuration for vehicles 
manufactured by the manufacturer in other plants of the manufacturer.
    (2) California Assembly-Line Quality Audit Testing. If the 
Administrator determines that the results of vehicle testing pursuant to 
the requirements specified in Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of the California 
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program (October, 1996) and the procedures prescribed in Sec. 86.608 
indicate the vehicles of a particular 50-state engine family or 
configuration produced at more than one plant do not conform to 
applicable federal regulations with respect to which a certificate of 
conformity was issued, the Administrator may suspend, pursuant to 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the certificate of conformity with 
respect to that engine family or configuration for vehicles manufactured 
in other plants of the manufacturer. The California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996) are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (d) The Administrator will notify the manufacturer in writing of any 
suspension or revocation of a certificate of conformity in whole or in 
part: Except, that the certificate of conformity is immediately 
suspended with respect to any vehicle failing pursuant to Sec. 86.610(b) 
and as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (e)(1) Selective Enforcement Audits. The Administrator may revoke a 
certificate of conformity for a configuration when the certificate has 
been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) or (c)(1) of this section if 
the proposed remedy for the nonconformity, as reported by the 
manufacturer to the Administrator, is one requiring a design change(s) 
to the engine and/or emission control system as described in the 
Application for Certification of the affected configuration.
    (2) California Assembly-Line Quality Audit Testing. The 
Administrator may

[[Page 680]]

revoke a certificate of conformity for an engine family or configuration 
when the certificate has been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) or 
(c)(2) of this section if the proposed remedy for the nonconformity, as 
reported by the manufacturer to the Executive Officer and/or the 
Administrator, is one requiring a design change(s) to the engine and/or 
emission control system as described in the Application for 
Certification of the affected engine family or configuration.
    (f) Once a certificate has been suspended for a failed vehicle as 
provided for in paragraph (a) of this section, the manufacturer must 
take the following actions:
    (1) Before the certificate is reinstated for that failed vehicle--
    (i) Remedy the nonconformity; and
    (ii) Demonstrate that the vehicle's final deteriorated test results 
conform to the applicable emission standards or family particulate 
emission limits, as defined in this part 86 by retesting the vehicle in 
accordance with the requirements of this subpart.
    (2) Submit a written report to the Administrator within thirty days 
after successful completion of testing on the failed vehicle, which 
contains a description of the remedy and test results for the vehicle in 
addition to other information that may be required by this subpart.
    (g) Once a certificate has been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b) 
or (c) of this section, the manufacturer must take the following actions 
before the Administrator will consider reinstating such certificate:
    (1) Submit a written report to the Administrator which identifies 
the reason for the noncompliance of the vehicles, describes the proposed 
remedy, including a description of any proposed quality control and/or 
quality assurance measures to be taken by the manufacturer to prevent 
the future occurrence of the problem, and states the date on which the 
remedies will be implemented.
    (2) Demonstrate that the engine family or configuration for which 
the certificate of conformity has been suspended does in fact comply 
with the requirements of this subpart by testing vehicles selected from 
normal production runs of that engine family or configuration at the 
plant(s) or the facilities specified by the Administrator, in accordance 
with:
    (i) The conditions specified in the initial test order pursuant to 
Sec. 86.603 for a configuration suspended pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) 
or (c)(1) of this section; or
    (ii) The conditions specified in a test order pursuant to 
Sec. 86.603 for an engine family or configuration suspended pursuant to 
paragraph (b)(2) or (c)(2) of this section.
    (3) If the Administrator has not revoked the certificate pursuant to 
paragraph (e) of this section and if the manufacturer elects to continue 
testing individual vehicles after suspension of a certificate, the 
certificate is reinstated for any vehicle actually determined to have 
its final deteriorated test results in conformance with the applicable 
standards through testing in accordance with the applicable test 
procedures.
    (4) In cases where the Administrator has suspended a certificate of 
conformity for a 50-state engine family or configuration pursuant to 
paragraph (b)(2) or (c)(2) of this section, manufacturers may request in 
writing that the Administrator reinstate the certificate of an engine 
family or configuration when, in lieu of the actions described in 
paragraphs (g) (1) and (2) of this section, the manufacturer has agreed 
to comply with Chapter 3 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), 
provided an Executive Order is in place for the engine family or 
configuration. The California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the 
National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) are incorporated 
by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (h) Once a certificate for a failed engine family or configuration 
has been revoked under paragraph (e) (1) or (2) of this section and the 
manufacturer desires to introduce into commerce a modified version of 
that engine family or configuration, the following actions will be taken 
before the Administrator may issue a certificate for the new engine 
family or configuration:
    (1) If the Administrator determines that the proposed change(s) in 
vehicle

[[Page 681]]

design may have an effect on emission performance deterioration and/or 
fuel economy, he/she shall notify the manufacturer within five working 
days after receipt of the report in paragraph (g)(1) of this section or 
after receipt of information pursuant to paragraph (g)(4) of this 
section whether subsequent testing under this subpart will be sufficient 
to evaluate the proposed change(s) or whether additional testing will be 
required.
    (2) After implementing the change(s) intended to remedy the 
nonconformity, the manufacturer shall demonstrate:
    (i) If the certificate was revoked pursuant to paragraph (e)(1) of 
this section, that the modified vehicle configuration does in fact 
conform with the requirements of this subpart by testing vehicles 
selected from normal production runs of that modified vehicle 
configuration in accordance with the conditions specified in the initial 
test order pursuant to Sec. 86.603. The Administrator shall consider 
this testing to satisfy the testing requirements of Sec. 86.079-32 or 
Sec. 86.079-33 if the Administrator had so notified the manufacturer. If 
the subsequent testing results in a pass decision pursuant to the 
criteria in Sec. 86.610-96(c), the Administrator shall reissue or amend 
the certificate, if necessary, to include that configuration: Provided, 
that the manufacturer has satisfied the testing requirements specified 
in paragraph (h)(1) of this section. If the subsequent audit results in 
a fail decision pursuant to the criteria in Sec. 86.610(c), the 
revocation remains in effect. Any design change approvals under this 
subpart are limited to the modification of the configuration specified 
by the test order.
    (ii) If the certificate was revoked pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of 
this section, that the modified engine family or configuration does in 
fact conform with the requirements of this subpart by testing vehicles 
selected from normal production runs of that modified engine family or 
configuration in accordance with the conditions specified in a test 
order pursuant to Sec. 86.603. The Administrator shall consider this 
testing to satisfy the testing requirements of Sec. 86.079-32 or 
Sec. 86.079-33 if the Administrator had so notified the manufacturer. If 
the subsequent testing results in a pass decision pursuant to 
Sec. 86.610(c), the Administrator shall reissue or amend the certificate 
as necessary: Provided, That the manufacturer has satisfied the testing 
requirements specified in paragraph (h)(1) of this section. If the 
subsequent testing results in a fail decision pursuant to 
Sec. 86.610(c), the revocation remains in effect. Any design change 
approvals under this subpart are limited to the modification of engine 
family or configuration specified by the test order.
    (3) In cases where the Administrator has revoked a certificate of 
conformity for a 50-state engine family or configuration pursuant to 
paragraph (e)(2) of this section, manufacturers may request in writing 
that the Administrator reissue the certificate of an engine family or 
configuration when, in lieu of the actions described in paragraphs (h) 
(1) and (2) of this section, the manufacturer has complied with Chapter 
3 of the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National 
Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), provided an Executive 
Order is in place for the engine family or configuration. The California 
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program (October, 1996) are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (i) A manufacturer may at any time subsequent to an initial 
suspension of a certificate of conformity with respect to a test vehicle 
pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section, but not later than fifteen 
(15) days or such other period as may be allowed by the Administrator 
after notification of the Administrator's decision to suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity in whole or in part pursuant to paragraph 
(b), (c) or (e) of this section, request that the Administrator grant 
such manufacturer a hearing as to whether the tests have been properly 
conducted or any sampling methods have been properly applied.
    (j) After the Administrator suspends or revokes a certificate of 
conformity pursuant to this section or notifies a manufacturer of his 
intent to suspend, revoke or void a certificate of conformity under 
Sec. 86.084-30(d), and prior to the commencement of a hearing

[[Page 682]]

under Sec. 86.614, if the manufacturer demonstrates to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that the decision to suspend, revoke or 
void the certificate was based on erroneous information, the 
Administrator shall reinstate the certificate.
    (k) To permit a manufacturer to avoid storing non-test vehicles when 
conducting testing of an engine family or configuration subsequent to 
suspension or revocation of the certificate of conformity for that 
engine family or configuration pursuant to paragraph (b), (c), or (e) of 
this section, the manufacturer may request that the Administrator 
conditionally reinstate the certificate for that engine family or 
configuration. The Administrator may reinstate the certificate subject 
to the condition that the manufacturer consents to recall all vehicles 
of that engine family or configuration produced from the time the 
certificate is conditionally reinstated if the engine family or 
configuration fails the subsequent testing and to remedy any 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner.

[62 FR 31236, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.614-84  Hearings on suspension, revocation, and voiding of certificates of conformity.

    (a) Applicability. The procedures prescribed by this section apply 
whenever a manufacturer requests a hearing under Sec. 86.084-
30(d)(6)(i), Sec. 86.084-30(d)(7), or Sec. 86.612(i).
    (b) Definitions. The following definitions shall be applicable to 
this section:
    (1) Hearing Clerk shall mean the Hearing Clerk of the Environmental 
Protection Agency.
    (2) Manufacturer refers to a manufacturer contesting a suspension or 
revocation order directed at the manufacturer.
    (3) Party shall include the Agency and the manufacturer.
    (4) Presiding Officer shall mean an Administrative Law Judge 
appointed pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3105 (see also 5 CFR part 930 as 
amended).
    (5) Environmental Appeals Board shall mean the Board within the 
Agency described in section 1.25 of this title. The Administrator 
delegates to the Environmental Appeals Board authority to issue final 
decisions in appeals filed under this subpart. Appeals directed by the 
Administrator, rather than to the Environmental Appeals Board, will not 
be considered. This delegation of authority to the Environmental Appeals 
Board does not preclude the Environmental Appeals Board from referring 
an appeal or a motion filed under this subpart to the Administrator for 
decision when the Environmental Appeals Board, in its discretion, deems 
it appropriate to do so. When an appeal or motion is referred to the 
Administrator, all parties shall be so notified and the rules in this 
part referring to the Environmental Appeals Board shall be interpreted 
as referring to the Administrator.
    (c) Request for public hearing. (1) If the manufacturer disagrees 
with the Administrator's decision to suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate or disputes the basis for an automatic suspension under 
Sec. 86.612(a), it may request a public hearing as described in this 
section. Requests for such a hearing shall be filed with the 
Administrator not later than 15 days after the Administrator's 
notification of his decision to suspend or revoke unless otherwise 
specified by the Administrator. Two copies of such request shall 
simultaneously be served upon the Director of the Manufacturers 
Operations Division and two copies filed with the Hearing Clerk. Failure 
of the manufacturer to request a hearing within the time provided shall 
constitute a waiver of his right to such a hearing. Subsequent to the 
expiration of the period for requesting a hearing as of right, the 
Administrator may, in his discretion and for good cause shown, grant the 
manufacturer a hearing to contest the suspension or revocation.
    (2) The request for a public hearing shall contain:
    (i) A statement as to which vehicle configurations or engine 
families are to be the subject of the hearing;
    (ii) A concise statement of the issues to be raised by the 
manufacturer at the hearing for each vehicle configuration or engine 
family or vehicle for which the manufacturer has requested the hearing: 
Provided, however, That in the

[[Page 683]]

case of a hearing request under paragraph Sec. 86.612(i), the hearing is 
restricted to the following issues:
    (A) Whether tests were conducted in accordance with applicable 
regulations under this part;
    (B) Whether test equipment was properly calibrated and functioning;
    (C) Whether sampling procedures specified in appendix XI of this 
part were followed; and
    (D) Whether there exists a basis for distinguishing vehicles 
produced at plants other than the one from which vehicles were selected 
which would invalidate the Administrator's decision under 
Sec. 86.612(c);
    (iii) A statement specifying reasons the manufacturer believes he 
will prevail on the merits on each of the issues so raised; and
    (iv) A summary of the evidence which supports the manufacturer's 
position on each of the issues so raised.
    (3) A copy of all requests for public hearings shall be kept on file 
in the Office of the Hearing Clerk and shall be made available to the 
public during Agency business hours.
    (d) Summary decision. (1) In the case of a hearing requested under 
Sec. 86.612(i), when it clearly appears from the data and other 
information contained in the request for a hearing that there is no 
genuine and substantial question of fact with respect to the issues 
specified in Sec. 86.614(c)(2)(ii), the Administrator shall enter an 
order denying the request for a hearing. In addition, if the original 
decision to suspend or revoke a certificate of conformity was made under 
Sec. 86.612(d) prior to the decision to deny the request for a hearing, 
the order denying the request will reaffirm the suspension or 
revocation.
    (2) In the case of a hearing requested under Sec. 86.084-
30(d)(6)(i), to challenge a proposed suspension of a certificate of 
conformity for the reasons specified in Sec. 86.084-30(d)(1) (i) or 
(ii), when it clearly appears from the data and other information 
contained in the request for a hearing that there is no genuine and 
substantial question of fact with respect to the issue of whether the 
refusal to comply with the provisions of a test order or any other 
requirement of Sec. 86.603 was caused by conditions and circumstances 
outside the control of the manufacturer, the Administrator will enter an 
order denying the request for a hearing, and suspending the certificate 
of conformity.
    (3) Any order issued under paragraph (d) (1) or (2) of this section 
shall have the force and effect of a final decision of the 
Administrator, as issued pursuant to paragraph (w)(4) of this section.
    (4) If the Administrator determines that a genuine and substantial 
question of fact does exist with respect to any of the issues referred 
to in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section, he shall grant the 
request for a hearing and publish a notice of public hearing in 
accordance with paragraph (h) of this section.
    (e) Filing and service. (1) An original and two copies of all 
documents or papers required or permitted to be filed pursuant to this 
section shall be filed with the Hearing Clerk. Filing shall be deemed 
timely if mailed, as determined by the postmark, to the Hearing Clerk 
within the time allowed by this section. If filing is to be accomplished 
by mailing, the documents shall be sent to the address set forth in the 
notice of public hearing as described in paragraph (h) of this section.
    (2) To the maximum extent possible, testimony shall be presented in 
written form. Copies of written testimony shall be served upon all 
parties as soon as practicable prior to the start of the hearing. A 
certificate of service shall be provided on or accompany each document 
or paper filed with the Hearing Clerk. Documents to be served upon the 
Director of the Manufacturers Operations Division shall be sent by 
registered mail to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (EN-340), 401 M Street, SW., WSM, 
Washington, DC 20460. Service by registered mail is complete upon 
mailing.
    (f) Time. (1) In computing any period of time prescribed or allowed 
by this section, except as otherwise provided, the day of the act or 
event from which the designated period of time begins to run shall not 
be included. Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal legal holidays shall be 
included in computing any such period allowed for the filing of any 
document or paper, except that

[[Page 684]]

when such period expires on a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal legal 
holiday, such period shall be extended to include the next following 
business day.
    (2) A prescribed period of time within which a party is required or 
permitted to do an act shall be computed from the time of service, 
except that when service is accomplished by mail, three days shall be 
added to the prescribed period.
    (g) Consolidation. The Administrator or the Presiding Officer in his 
discretion may consolidate two or more proceedings to be held under this 
section for the purpose of resolving one or more issues whenever it 
appears that such consolidation will expedite or simplify consideration 
of such issues. Consolidation shall not affect the right of any party to 
raise issues that could have been raised if consolidation had not 
occurred.
    (h) Notice of public hearings. (1) Notice of a public hearing under 
this section shall be given by publication in the Federal Register and 
by such other means as the Administrator finds appropriate to provide 
notice to the public. To the extent possible hearings under this section 
shall be scheduled to commence within 14 days of receipt of the 
application in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (i) Amicus curiae. Persons not parties to the proceeding wishing to 
file briefs may do so by leave of the Presiding Officer granted on 
motion. A motion for leave shall identify the interest of the applicant 
and shall state the reasons why the proposed amicus brief is desirable.
    (j) Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer shall have the duty to 
conduct a fair and impartial hearing in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 
sections 554, 556 and 557 and to take all necessary action to avoid 
delay in the disposition of the proceedings and to maintain order. He 
shall have all power consistent with Agency rule and with the 
Administrative Procedure Act necessary to this end, including the 
following:
    (1) To administer oaths and affirmations;
    (2) To rule upon offers of proof and exclude irrelevant or 
repetitious material;
    (3) To regulate the course of the hearings and the conduct of the 
parties and their counsel therein;
    (4) To hold conferences for simplification of the issues or any 
other proper purpose;
    (5) To consider and rule upon all procedural and other motions 
appropriate in such proceedings;
    (6) To require the submission of direct testimony in written form 
with or without affidavit whenever, in the opinion of the Presiding 
Officer, oral testimony is not necessary for full and true disclosure of 
the facts;
    (7) To enforce agreements and orders requiring access as authorized 
by law;
    (8) To require the filing of briefs on any matter on which he is 
required to rule;
    (9) To require any party or any witness, during the course of the 
hearing, to state his position on any issue;
    (10) To take or cause depositions to be taken whenever the ends of 
justice would be served thereby;
    (11) To make decisions or recommend decisions to resolve the 
disputed issues on the record of the hearing;
    (12) To issue, upon good cause shown, protective orders as described 
in paragraph (n) of this section.
    (k) Conferences. (1) At the discretion of the Presiding Officer, 
conferences may be held prior to or during any hearing. The Presiding 
Officer shall direct the Hearing Clerk to notify all parties of the time 
and location of any such conference. At the discretion of the Presiding 
Officer, persons other than parties may attend. At a conference the 
Presiding Officer may:
    (i) Obtain stipulations and admissions, receive requests and order 
depositions to be taken, identify disputed issues of fact and law, and 
require or allow the submission of written testimony from any witness or 
party;
    (ii) Set a hearing schedule for as many of the following as are 
deemed necessary by the Presiding Officer:
    (A) Oral and written statements;
    (B) Submission of written direct testimony as required or authorized 
by the Presiding Officer;
    (C) Oral direct and cross-examination of a witness where necessary 
as prescribed in paragraph (p) of this section: and

[[Page 685]]

    (D) Oral argument, if appropriate.
    (iii) Identify matters of which official notice may be taken;
    (iv) Consider limitation of the number of expert and other 
witnesses;
    (v) Consider the procedure to be followed at the hearing; and
    (vi) Consider any other matter that may expedite the hearing or aid 
in the disposition of the issue.
    (2) The results of any conference including all stipulations shall, 
if not transcribed, be summarized in writing by the Presiding Officer 
and made part of the record.
    (l) Primary discovery (exchange of witness lists and documents). (1) 
At a prehearing conference or within some reasonable time set by the 
Presiding Officer prior to the hearing, each party shall make available 
to the other parties the names of the expert and other witnesses the 
party expects to call, together with a brief summary of their expected 
testimony and a list of all documents and exhibits which the party 
expects to introduce into evidence. Thereafter, witnesses, documents, or 
exhibits may be added and summaries of expected testimony amended upon 
motion by a party.
    (2) The Presiding Officer, may, upon motion by a party or other 
person, and for good cause shown, by order (i) restrict or defer 
disclosure by a party of the name of a witness or a narrative summary of 
the expected testimony of a witness, and (ii) prescribe other 
appropriate measures to protect a witness. Any party affected by any 
such action shall have an adequate opportunity, once he learns the name 
of a witness and obtains the narrative summary of his expected 
testimony, to prepare for the presentation of his case.
    (m) Other discovery. (1) Except as so provided by paragraph (l) of 
this section, further discovery, under this paragraph, shall be 
permitted only upon determination by the Presiding Officer:
    (i) That such discovery will not in any way unreasonably delay the 
proceeding;
    (ii) That the information to be obtained is not obtainable 
voluntarily; and
    (iii) That such information has significant probative value. The 
Presiding Officer shall be guided by the procedures set forth in the 
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, where practicable, and the precedents 
thereunder, except that no discovery shall be undertaken except upon 
order of the Presiding Officer or upon agreement of the parties.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall order depositions upon oral 
questions only upon a showing of good cause and upon a finding that:
    (i) The information sought cannot be obtained by alternative 
methods; or
    (ii) There is a substantial reason to believe that relevant and 
probative evidence may otherwise not be preserved for presentation by a 
witness at the hearing.
    (3) Any party to the proceeding desiring an order of discovery shall 
make a motion or motions therefor. Such a motion shall set forth:
    (i) The circumstances warranting the taking of the discovery;
    (ii) The nature of the information expected to be discovered; and
    (iii) The proposed time and place where it will be taken.

If the Presiding Officer determines the motion should be granted, he 
shall issue an order for the taking of such discovery together with the 
conditions and terms thereof.
    (4) Failure to comply with an order issued pursuant to this 
paragraph may lead to the inference that the information to be 
discovered would be adverse to the person or party from whom the 
information was sought.
    (n) Protective orders, in camera proceedings. (1) Upon motion by a 
party or by the person from whom discovery is sought, and upon a showing 
by the movant that the disclosure of the information to be discovered, 
or a particular part thereof, (other than emission data) would result in 
methods or processes entitled to protection as trade secrets of such 
person being divulged, the Presiding Officer may enter a protective 
order with respect to such material. Any protective order shall contain 
such terms governing the treatment of the information as may be 
appropriate under the circumstances to prevent disclosure outside the 
hearing: Provided, That the order shall state that the material shall be 
filed

[[Page 686]]

separately from other evidence and exhibits in the hearing. Disclosure 
shall be limited to parties to the hearing, their counsel and relevant 
technical consultants, and authorized representatives of the United 
States concerned with carrying out the Act. Except in the case of the 
government, disclosure may be limited to counsel for parties who shall 
not disclose such information to the parties themselves. Except in the 
case of the government, disclosure to a party or his counsel shall be 
conditioned on execution of a sworn statement that no disclosure of the 
information will be made to persons not entitled to receive it under the 
terms of the protective order. (No such provision is necessary where 
government employees are concerned because disclosure by them is subject 
to the terms of 18 U.S.C. 1905.)
    (2)(i) A party or person seeking a protective order may be permitted 
to make all or part of the required showing in camera. A record shall be 
made of such in camera proceedings. If the Presiding Officer enters a 
protective order following a showing in camera, the record of such 
showing shall be sealed and preserved and made available to the agency 
or court in the event of appeal.
    (ii) Attendance at any in camera proceeding may be limited to the 
Presiding Officer, the agency, and the person or party seeking the 
protective order.
    (3) Any party, subject to the terms and conditions of any protective 
order issued pursuant to paragraph (n)(1) of this section, desiring for 
the presentation of his case to make use of any in camera documents or 
testimony shall make application to the Presiding Officer by motion 
setting forth the justification therefor. The Presiding Officer, in 
granting any such motion, shall enter an order protecting the rights of 
the affected persons and parties and preventing unnecessary disclosure 
of such information, including the presentation of such information and 
oral testimony and cross-examination concerning it in executive session, 
as in his discretion is necessary and practicable.
    (4) In the submittal of proposed findings, briefs, or other papers, 
counsel for all parties shall make a good faith attempt to refrain from 
disclosing the specific details of in camera documents and testimony. 
This shall not preclude references in such proposed findings, briefs, or 
other papers to such documents or testimony including generalized 
statements based on their contents. To the extent that counsel considers 
it necessary to include specific details in their presentations, such 
data shall be incorporated in separate proposed findings, briefs, or 
other papers marked ``confidential,'' which shall become part of the in 
camera record.
    (o) Motions. (1) All motions, except those made orally during the 
course of the hearing, shall be in writing and shall state with 
particularity the grounds therefore, shall set forth the relief or order 
sought, and shall be filed with the Hearing Clerk and served upon all 
parties.
    (2) Within such time as may be fixed by the Environmental Appeals 
Board or the Presiding Officer, as appropriate, any party may serve and 
file an answer to the motion. The movant shall, if requested by the 
Environmental Appeals Board or the Presiding Officer, as appropriate, 
serve and file reply papers within the time set by the request.
    (3) The Presiding Officer shall rule upon all motions filed or made 
prior to the filing of his decision or accelerated decision, as 
appropriate. The Environmental Appeals Board shall rule upon all motions 
filed prior to the appointment of a Presiding Officer and all motions 
filed after the filing of the decision of the Presiding Officer or 
accelerated decision. Oral argument of motions will be permitted only if 
the Presiding Officer or the Environmental Appeals Board, as 
appropriate, deems it necessary.
    (p) Evidence. (1) The official transcripts and exhibits, together 
with all papers and requests filed in the proceeding, shall constitute 
the record. Immaterial or irrelevant parts of an admissible document 
shall be segregated and excluded so far as practicable. Documents or 
parts thereof subject to a protective order under paragraph (n) of this 
section shall be segregated. Evidence may be received

[[Page 687]]

at the hearing even though inadmissible under the rules of evidence 
applicable to judicial proceedings. The weight to be given evidence 
shall be determined by its reliability and probative value.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall allow the parties to examine and 
cross-examine a witness to the extent that such examination and cross-
examination is necessary for a full and true disclosure of the facts.
    (3) Rulings of the Presiding Officer on the admissibility of 
evidence, the propriety of examination and cross-examination and other 
procedural matters shall appear in the record.
    (4) Parties shall automatically be presumed to have taken exception 
to an adverse ruling.
    (q) Record. (1) Hearings shall be stenographically reported and 
transcribed and the original transcripts shall be part of the record and 
the sole official transcript. Copies of the record shall be filed with 
the Hearing Clerk and made available during Agency business hours for 
public inspection. Any person desiring a copy of the record of the 
hearing or any part thereof, except as provided in paragraph (n) of this 
section, shall be entitled to the same upon payment of the cost thereof.
    (2) The official transcripts and exhibits, together with all papers 
and requests filed in the proceeding, shall constitute the record.
    (r) Proposed findings, conclusions. (1) Within 4 days of the close 
of the reception of evidence, or within such longer time as may be fixed 
by the Presiding Officer, any party may submit for the consideration of 
the Presiding Officer proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law, and 
a proposed order, together with reasons therefor and briefs in support 
thereof. Such proposals shall be in writing, shall be served upon all 
parties, and shall contain adequate references to the record and 
authorities relied upon.
    (2) The record shall show the Presiding Officer's ruling on the 
proposed findings and conclusions except when his order disposing of the 
proceeding otherwise informs the parties of the action taken by him 
thereon.
    (s) Decision of the Presiding Officer. (1) Unless extended by the 
Environmental Appeals Board, the Presiding Officer shall issue and file 
with the Hearing Clerk his decision within 14 days (or within 7 days in 
the case of a hearing requested under Sec. 86.612(i)) after the period 
for filing proposed findings as provided for in paragraph (r) of this 
section has expired.
    (2) The Presiding Officer's decision shall become the decision of 
the Environmental Appeals Board (i) when no notice of intention to 
appeal as described in paragraphs (t) and (u) of this section is filed, 
10 days after issuance thereof, unless in the interim the Environmental 
Appeals Board shall have taken action to review or stay the effective 
date of the decision; or (ii), when a notice of intention to appeal is 
filed but the appeal is not perfected as required by paragraphs (t) or 
(u) of this section, 5 days after the period allowed for perfection of 
an appeal has expired unless within that 5 day period, the Environmental 
Appeals Board shall have taken action to review or stay the effective 
date of the decision.
    (3) The Presiding Officer's decision shall include a statement of 
findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis therefore, 
upon all the material issues of fact or law presented on the record and 
an appropriate rule or order. Such decision shall be supported by 
substantial evidence and based upon a consideration of the whole record.
    (4) At any time prior to the issuance of his decision, the Presiding 
Officer may reopen the proceeding for the reception of further evidence. 
Except for the correction of clerical errors, the jurisdication of the 
Presiding Officer is terminated upon the issuance of his decision.
    (t) Appeal from the decision of the Presiding Officer. (1) Any party 
to a proceeding may appeal the Presiding Officer's decision to the 
Environmental Appeals Board, Provided, That within 10 days after 
issuance of the Presiding Officer's decision such party files a notice 
of intention to appeal and an appeal brief within 20 days of such 
decision.
    (2) When an appeal is taken from the decision of the Presiding 
Officer, any party may file a brief with respect to such appeal. The 
brief shall be filed

[[Page 688]]

within 15 days of the date of the filing of the appellant's brief.
    (3) Any brief filed pursuant to this paragraph shall contain in the 
order indicated, the following:
    (i) A subject index of the matter in the brief, with page 
references, and a table of cases (alphabetically arranged) textbooks, 
statutes, and other material cited, with page references thereto;
    (ii) A specification of the issues intended to be urged: Provided, 
however, That in the case of a hearing requested under Sec. 86.612(i), 
the brief shall be restricted to the issues specified in paragraph 
(c)(2)(ii) of this section;
    (iii) The argument presenting clearly the points of fact and law 
relied upon in support of the position taken on each issue, with 
specific page references to the record and the legal or other material 
relied upon; and
    (iv) A proposed order for the Environmental Appeals Board's 
consideration if different from the order contained in the Presiding 
Officer's decision.
    (4) No brief in excess of 40 pages shall be filed without leave of 
the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (5) Oral argument shall be allowed only in the discretion of the 
Environmental Appeals Board.
    (u) Summary appeal. (1) In the case of a hearing requested under 
Sec. 86.612(i), any appeal taken from the decision of the Presiding 
Officer shall be conducted under this paragraph.
    (2) Any party to the proceeding may appeal the Presiding Officer's 
decision to the Environmental Appeals Board by filing a notice of appeal 
within 10 days.
    (3) The notice appeal shall be in the form of a brief, and shall 
conform to the requirements of paragraph (t)(3) of this section.
    (4) Within 10 days after a notice of appeal from the decision of the 
Presiding Officer is filed under this paragraph, any party may file a 
brief with respect to such appeal.
    (5) No brief in excess of 15 pages shall be filed without leave of 
the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (v) Review of the Presiding Officer's decision in absence of appeal. 
(1) If after the expiration of the period for taking an appeal as 
provided for by paragraph (t) or (u) of this section no notice of 
intention to appeal the decision of the Presiding Officer has been 
filed, or if filed, not perfected, the Hearing Clerk shall so notify the 
Environmental Appeals Board.
    (2) The Environmental Appeals Board, upon receipt of notice from the 
Hearing Clerk that no notice of intention to appeal the decision of the 
Presiding Officer has been filed, or if filed, not perfected pursuant to 
paragraph (t) or (u) of this section, may, on its own motion, within the 
time limits specified in paragraph (s)(2) of this section, review the 
decision of the Presiding Officer. Notice of the intention of the 
Environmental Appeals Board to review the decision of the Presiding 
Officer shall be given to all parties and shall set forth the scope of 
such review and the issues which shall be considered and shall make 
provision for filing of briefs.
    (w) Decision of appeal or review. (1) Upon appeal from or review of 
the Presiding Officer's decision, the Environmental Appeals Board shall 
consider such parts of the record as are cited or as may be necessary to 
resolve the issues presented and in addition shall, to the extent 
necessary or desirable, exercise all the powers which it could have 
exercised if it had presided at the hearing.
    (2) In rendering its decision, the Environmental Appeals Board shall 
adopt, modify or set aside the findings, conclusions, and order 
contained in the decision of the Presiding Officer and shall set forth 
in its decision a statement of the reasons or bases for its action.
    (3) In those cases where the Environmental Appeals Board determines 
that it should further information or additional views of the parties as 
to the form and content of the rule or order to be issued, the 
Environmental Appeals Board, in its discretion, may withhold final 
action pending the receipt of such additional information or views, or 
may remand the case to the Presiding Officer.
    (4) Any decision rendered under this paragraph which completes 
disposition of a case shall be a final decision of the Environmental 
Appeals Board.
    (x) Reconsideration. Within twenty (20) days after issuance of the 
Environmental Appeals Board's decision, any

[[Page 689]]

party may file with the Environmental Appeals Board a petition for 
reconsideration of such decision, setting forth the relief desired and 
the grounds in support thereof. Any petition filed under this subsection 
must be confined to new questions raised by the decision or final order 
and upon which the petitioner had no opportunity to argue before the 
Presiding Officer or the Environmental Appeals Board; Provided, however, 
That in the case of a hearing requested under Sec. 86.612(i) such new 
questions shall be limited to the issues specified in paragraph 
(c)(2)(ii) of this section. Any party desiring to oppose such a petition 
shall file an answer thereto within ten (10) days after the filing of 
the petition. The filing of a petition for reconsideration shall not 
operate to stay the effective date of the decision or order or to toll 
the running of any statutory time period affecting such decision or 
order unless specifically so ordered by the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (y) Accelerated decision, dismissal. (1) The Presiding Officer, upon 
motion of any party or sua sponte, may at any time render an accelerated 
decision in favor of the Agency or the manufacturer as to all or any 
part of the proceeding, without further hearing or upon such limited 
additional evidence such as affidavits as he may require, or dismiss any 
party with prejudice, for any of the following reasons:
    (i) Failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, or 
direct or collateral estoppel;
    (ii) The lack of any genuine issue of material fact, causing a party 
to be entitled to judgment as a matter of law; or
    (iii) Such other and further reasons as are just, including 
specifically failure to obey a procedural order of the Presiding 
Officer.
    (2) If under this paragraph an accelerated decision is issued as to 
all the issues and claims joined in the proceeding, the decision shall 
be treated for the purposes of these procedures as the decision of the 
Presiding Officer as provided in paragraph (s) of this section.
    (3) If under this paragraph, judgment is rendered on less than all 
issues or claims in the proceeding, the Presiding Officer shall 
determine what material facts exist without substantial controversy and 
what material facts are actually and in good faith controverted. He 
shall thereupon issue an order specifying the facts which appear without 
substantial controversy, and the issues and claims upon which the 
hearing will proceed.
    (z) Conclusion of hearing. (1) If, after the expiration of the 
period for taking an appeal as provided for by paragraph (t) and (u) of 
this section, no appeal has been taken from the Presiding Officer's 
decision, and after the expiration of the period for review by the 
Environmental Appeals Board on its own motion as provided for by 
paragraph (v) of this section, the Environmental Appeals Board does not 
move to review such decision, the hearing will be deemed to have ended 
at the expiration of all periods allowed for such appeal and review.
    (2) If an appeal of the Presiding Officer's decision is taken 
pursuant to paragraphs (t) and (u) of this section, or if, in the 
absence of such appeal, the Environmental Appeals Board moves to review 
the decision of the Presiding Officer pursuant to paragraph (v) of this 
section, the hearing will be deemed to have ended upon rendering of a 
final decision by the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (aa) Judicial review. (1) The Administrator hereby designates the 
General Counsel, Environmental Protection Agency as the officer upon 
whom copy of any petition for judicial review shall be served. Such 
officer shall be responsible for filing in the court the record on which 
the order of the Environmental Appeals Board is based.
    (2) Before forwarding the record to the court, the Agency shall 
advise the petitioner of costs of preparing it and as soon as payment to 
cover fees is made, shall forward the record to the court.

[41 FR 31483, July 28, 1976, as amended at 43 FR 4553, Feb. 2, 1978; 44 
FR 61962, Oct. 29, 1979. Redesignated and amended at 49 FR 48484, Dec. 
12, 1984, and further redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989; 57 FR 
5330, Feb. 13, 1992]

[[Page 690]]



Sec. 86.615-84  Treatment of confidential information.

    (a) Any manufacturer may assert that some or all of the information 
submitted pursuant to this subpart is entitled to confidential treatment 
as provided by 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
    (b) Any claim of confidentiality must accompany the information at 
the time it is submitted to EPA.
    (c) To assert that information submitted pursuant to this subpart is 
confidential, a manufacturer must indicate clearly the items of 
information claimed confidential by marking, circling, bracketing, 
stamping, or otherwise specifying the confidential information. 
Furthermore, EPA requests, but does not require, that the submitter also 
provide a second copy of its submittal from which all confidential 
information has been deleted. If a need arises to publicly release 
nonconfidential information, EPA will assume that the submitter has 
accurately deleted the confidential information from this second copy.
    (d) If a claim is made that some or all of the information submitted 
pursuant to this subpart is entitled to confidential treatment, the 
information covered by that confidentiality claim will be disclosed by 
the Environmental Appeals Board only to the extent and by means of the 
procedures set forth in part 2, subpart B, of this chapter.
    (e) Information provided without a claim of confidentiality at the 
time of submission may be made available to the public by EPA without 
further notice to the submitter, in accordance with 40 CFR 
2.204(c)(2)(i)(A).

[50 FR 34798, Aug. 27, 1985. Redesignated at 54 FR 2123, Jan. 19, 1989, 
and amended at 57 FR 5332, Feb. 13, 1992]



 Subpart H--General Provisions for In-Use Emission Regulations for 1994 
     and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks

    Source: 56 FR 25781, June 5, 1991, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.701-94  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart apply to: 1994 and later model 
year Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty vehicles; 1994 and later model 
year Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty trucks; and 1994 and later model 
year Otto-cycle and diesel heavy-duty engines. The provisions of subpart 
B of this part apply to this subpart.
    (b) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks under the provisions of subpart S of this 
part.

[64 FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.702-94  Definitions.

    The definitions in subparts A and B of this part apply to this 
subpart.



Sec. 86.703-94  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in subparts A and B of this part apply to this 
subpart.



Sec. 86.704-94  Section numbering; construction.

    Section Sec. 86.104 of subpart B applies to this subpart.



Secs. 86.705-94--86.707-94  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.708-94  In-use emission standards for 1994 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    Section 86.708-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.090-8 of subpart A of this part. Where a paragraph 
in Sec. 86.090-8 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.708-94, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.090-8.'' Where a corresponding 
paragraph of Sec. 86.090-8 is not applicable, this is indicated by the 
statement ``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1) Standards. (i) In-use exhaust emissions from 1994 and later 
model year light-duty vehicles shall meet all standards in tables H94-3 
and H94-4 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel type, 
according to the implementation schedules in tables H94-1 and H94-2, and 
shall meet all standards in tables H94-6 and H94-7 in the rows 
designated with the applicable fuel type, according to the 
implementation schedules in table H94-5, as follows:

[[Page 691]]

    (A)(1)(i) For model years 1994 and 1995, a minimum of the percentage 
shown in table H94-1 of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model 
year's light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 
1I standards in table H94-3. The remaining vehicles, if any, 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in table H94-3.
    (ii) For model years 1996 and beyond, a minimum of the percentages 
shown in table H94-2 of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model 
year's light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 
standards in tables H94-3 and H94-4. The remaining vehicles, if any, 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1I standards in table 
H94-3.
    (2) Particulates. For in-use exhaust emissions for model years 1994 
and later, a minimum of the percentage shown in table H94-5 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in tables H94-6 and 
H94-7. The remaining vehicles, if any, shall not exceed the applicable 
Tier 0 standards in table H94-6.
    (3) Optionally, compliance with the Tier 1I and Tier 1 
implementation schedules of this section may be based on the combined 
sales of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks, if such option 
was taken for certification as allowed in Sec. 86.094-8 and Sec. 86.094-
9 of subpart A of this part. Vehicles meeting Tier 1I in-use 
standards shall only be combined for this purpose with other vehicles 
meeting Tier 1I standards, and those meeting Tier 1 standards 
shall only be combined with those meeting the Tier 1 standards.

Table H94-1--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO
                                 and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Tier 1I
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................           40
1995.......................................................           80
1996.......................................................           60
1997.......................................................           20
After 1997.................................................            0
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table H94-2--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO
                                 and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................            0
1995.......................................................            0
1996.......................................................           40
1997.......................................................           80
After 1997.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


      Table H94-3--Intermediate Useful Life\1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Fuel                        Standards          THC    NMHC    THCE      NMHCE       CO      NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...........................  Tier 0................    0.41  ......  ......  ...........     3.4     1.0
Gasoline...........................  Tier 1I...............    0.41    0.32  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4
Gasoline...........................  Tier 1................    0.41    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4
Diesel.............................  Tier 0................    0.41  ......  ......  ...........     3.4     1.0
Diesel.............................  Tier 1I...............    0.41    0.32  ......  ...........     3.4     1.0
Diesel.............................  Tier 1................    0.41    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     1.0
Methanol...........................  Tier 0................  ......  ......    0.41  ...........     3.4     1.0
Methanol...........................  Tier 1I...............  ......  ......    0.41         0.32     3.4     0.4
Methanol...........................  Tier 1................  ......  ......    0.41         0.25     3.4     0.4
Natural Gas........................  Tier 0................  ......    0.34  ......  ...........     3.4     1.0
Natural Gas........................  Tier 1I...............  ......    0.32  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4
Natural Gas........................  Tier 1................  ......    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4
LPG................................  Tier 0................    0.41  ......  ......  ...........     3.4     1.0
LPG................................  Tier 1I...............    0.41    0.32  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4
LPG................................  Tier 1................    0.41    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


[[Page 692]]


         Table H94-4--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Fuel                        Standards          THC    NMHC    THCE      NMHCE       CO      NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...........................  Tier 0................  ......  ......  ......  ...........  ......  ......
Gasoline...........................  Tier 1................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2    0.60
Diesel.............................  Tier 0................  ......  ......  ......  ...........  ......  ......
Diesel.............................  Tier 1................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2    1.25
Methanol...........................  Tier 0................  ......  ......  ......  ...........  ......  ......
Methanol...........................  Tier 1................  ......  ......  ......         0.31     4.2    0.60
Natural Gas........................  Tier 0................  ......  ......  ......  ...........  ......  ......
Natural Gas........................  Tier 1................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2    0.60
LPG................................  Tier 0................  ......  ......  ......  ...........  ......  ......
LPG................................  Tier 1................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2    0.60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement
  testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


   Table H94-5--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................           40
1995.......................................................           80
After 1995.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table H94-6--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-
                          Duty Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Fuel                           Standards           PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...............................  Tier 0..................  .....
Gasoline...............................  Tier 1..................   0.08
Diesel.................................  Tier 0..................   0.20
Diesel.................................  Tier 1..................   0.08
Methanol...............................  Tier 0..................  \2\ 0
                                                                     .20
Methanol...............................  Tier 1..................  10.08
Natural Gas............................  Tier 0..................  \2\ 0
                                                                     .20
Natural Gas............................  Tier 1..................   0.08
LPG....................................  Tier 0..................  \2\ 0
                                                                     .20
LPG....................................  Tier 1..................   0.08
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever
  first occurs.
\2\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.


    Table H94-7--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty
                             Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Fuel                           Standards           PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline..............................  Tier 0..................  ......
Gasoline..............................  Tier 1..................    0.10
Diesel................................  Tier 0..................  ......
Diesel................................  Tier 1..................    0.10
Methanol..............................  Tier 0..................  ......
Methanol..............................  Tier 1..................    0.10
Natural Gas...........................  Tier 0..................  ......
Natural Gas...........................  Tier 1..................    0.10
LPG...................................  Tier 0..................  ......
LPG...................................  Tier 1..................    0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever
  first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7
  years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

    (B)(1)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining 
compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section shall be based on 
total actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of the applicable model 
year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, 
or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale. If the 
option of paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)(3) is taken, such sales percentages 
shall be based on the total actual combined U.S. sales of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks of the applicable model year by a 
manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator,

[[Page 693]]

broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sales to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of tables H94-1, H94-2 and H94-5 of this section. Such 
petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year 
to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the petition to be 
granted, the manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that actual production volume is functionally equivalent 
to actual sales volume.
    (iii) The vehicles that are counted toward the implementation 
schedule sales percentage, or toward the total on which such percentage 
is based, for certification purposes as prescribed by Sec. 86.094-8 
(a)(1)(i)(B)(1)(iii) of subpart A of this part, shall be the same 
vehicles that are counted toward the implementation schedule sales 
percentage, or the total on which it is based, for in-use purposes.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14 (b) 
(1) and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of tables H94-
1 and H94-2 of this section for model years 1994 through 1997, and from 
the implementation schedule of table H94-5 of this section for model 
years 1994 and 1995. For small volume manufacturers, Tier 0 standards of 
table H94-6 continue to apply until model year 1996 and Tier 0 standards 
of table H94-3 continue to apply until model year 1998, when one hundred 
percent compliance with the Tier 1 standards of tables H94-3, H94-4, 
H94-6, and H94-7 is required. This exemption does not apply to small 
volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14 (b)(5).
    (2)(i) For 1994 and 1995 model year light-duty vehicles, the engine 
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage 
of sales meeting Tier 1 standards for HCs, CO, and NOX, for 
purposes of certification, shall be the same engine families which 
comprise the required implementation schedule percentage of sales 
meeting the interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 1I'' in 
the tables of in-use standards) for in-use purposes.
    (ii) For 1996 and 1997 model year light-duty vehicles the engine 
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage 
of sales meeting interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 
1I'' in the tables of in-use standards) and final in-use 
standards (labeled ``Tier 1'' in the tables of in-use standards) 
respectively, for HCs, CO, and NOX, for in-use purposes, 
shall be designated by the manufacturer at the time of Application for 
Certification.
    (iii) For 1994 and 1995 model year light-duty vehicles, the engine 
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage 
of sales meeting Tier 1 standards, for PM, for purposes of 
certification, shall be the same engine families which comprise the 
required implementation schedule percentage of sales meeting the final 
in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 1'' in the tables of in-use standards) 
for PM for in-use purposes.
    (3) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for in-use purposes.
    (4) A manufacturer cannot use one set of engine families to meet its 
in-use intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its in-use 
full useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (ii) Engine families participating in the particulate averaging 
program as specified in Sec. 86.094-8 (a)(1)(ii) shall be subject, for 
purposes of in-use compliance, to the particulate family emission limit 
determined for that engine family for certification purposes, in lieu of 
the appropriate particulate standard shown in the tables of in-use 
standards in this section.
    (iii) CST emissions from model year 1996 and later gasoline-fueled 
Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles measured and calculated in accordance 
with subpart O of this part may not exceed the standards listed in 
paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section.

[[Page 694]]

    (A) Hydrocarbons: 220 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 1.2 percent.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as set forth in 
subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in accordance with 
those procedures. The test weight basis for light-duty vehicles, for the 
purposes of determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in 
Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle weight.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.090-8(b) through (h) of subpart A of 
this part apply to this section. The provisions of Sec. 86.096-8(i) 
through (k) of subpart A of this part apply to this section.

[56 FR 25781, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31922, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 33211, June 16, 1993; 58 FR 58424, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, July 1, 
1994; 59 FR 48515, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.708-98  In-use emission standards for 1998 and later model year light-duty vehicles.

    Section 86.708-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.090-8 of subpart A of this part. Where a paragraph 
in Sec. 86.090-8 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.708-98, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.090-8.'' Where a corresponding 
paragraph of Sec. 86.090-8 is not applicable, this is indicated by the 
statement ``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1)(i) In-use exhaust emissions from 1998 and later model year 
light-duty vehicles shall meet all standards in tables H98-1 and H98-2 
in the rows designated with the applicable fuel type.

               Table H98-1--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Fuel                           THC    NMHC    THCE      NMHCE       CO      NOX     PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...........................................    0.41    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4    0.08
Diesel.............................................    0.41    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     1.0    0.08
Methanol...........................................  ......  ......    0.41         0.25     3.4     0.4    0.08
Natural Gas........................................  ......    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4    0.08
LPG................................................    0.41    0.25  ......  ...........     3.4     0.4    0.08
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


                   Table H98-2--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Fuel                           THC    NMHC    THCE      NMHCE       CO      NOX     PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...........................................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2     0.6    0.10
Diesel.............................................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2    1.25    0.10
Methanol...........................................  ......  ......  ......         0.31     4.2     0.6    0.10
Natural Gas........................................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2     0.6    0.10
LPG................................................  ......    0.31  ......  ...........     4.2     0.6    0.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement
  testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

    (ii)(A) Vehicles subject to the standards of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of 
this section shall be all actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of 
the applicable model year by a manufacturer.
    (B) A manufacturer cannot use one set of engine families to meet its 
in-use intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its in-use 
full useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to 
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (iii) CST emissions from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty 
vehicles measured and calculated in accordance with subpart O of this 
part may not exceed the standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) (A) 
and (B) of this section.

[[Page 695]]

    (A) Hydrocarbons: 220 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 1.2 percent.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as set forth in 
subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in accordance with 
those procedures. The test weight basis for light-duty vehicles, for the 
purposes of determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in 
Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle weight.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.090-8 (b) through (h) of subpart A of 
this part apply to this section. The provisions of Sec. 86.096-8 (i) 
through (j) of subpart A of this part apply to this section.

[56 FR 25781, June 5, 1991, as amended at 58 FR 58424, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 
FR 33913, July 1, 1994; 59 FR 48516, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.709-94  In-use emission standards for 1994 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    Section 86.709-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.091-9 of subpart A of this part. Where a paragraph 
in Sec. 86.091-9 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.709-94, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-9.'' Where a corresponding 
paragraph of Sec. 86.091-9 is not applicable, this is indicated by the 
statement ``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1) Standards--(i) Light light-duty trucks. In-use exhaust 
emissions from 1994 and later model year light light-duty trucks shall 
meet all standards in tables H94-9 and H94-10 in the rows designated 
with the applicable fuel type and loaded vehicle weight, according to 
the implementation schedule in table H94-8, and shall meet all standards 
in tables H94-12 and H94-13 in the rows designated with the applicable 
fuel type and loaded vehicle weight, according to the implementation 
schedules in table H94-11, as follows:
    (A)(1)(i) For model year 1994 and 1995, a minimum of the respective 
percentages shown in the Tier 1I column of table H94-8 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1I standards in 
tables H94-9 and H94-10. The remaining vehicles, if any, shall not 
exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in tables H94-9 and H94-10.
    (ii) For model years 1996 and 1997, a minimum of the percentages 
shown in the Tier 1 percentage column of table H94-8 of a manufacturer's 
sales of the applicable model year's light light-duty trucks shall not 
exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in table H94-9 and H94-10, and 
the remaining vehicles, if any, shall not exceed the applicable Tier 
1I standards in tables H94-9 and H94-10.
    (iii) For model year 1998 and beyond, a minimum of the percentage 
shown in the Tier 1 percentage column of table H94-8 of a manufacturer's 
sales of the applicable model year's light light-duty trucks shall not 
exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in tables H94-9 and H94-10.
    (2) Particulates. For in-use exhaust emissions for 1994 and later, a 
minimum of the percentage shown in table H94-11 of a manufacturer's 
sales of the applicable model year's light light-duty trucks shall not 
exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in tables H94-12 and H94-13. The 
remaining light light-duty trucks, if any, shall not exceed the 
applicable Tier 0 standards in tables H94-12 and H94-13.
    (3) Optionally, compliance with the Tier 1I and Tier 1 
implementation schedules of this section may be based on the combined 
sales of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks, if such option 
was taken for certification as allowed in Sec. 86.094-8 and Sec. 86.094-
9 of subpart A of this part. Vehicles meeting Tier 1I in-use 
standards shall only be combined for this purpose with other vehicles 
meeting Tier 1I standards, and those meeting Tier 1 standards 
shall only be combined with those meeting the Tier 1 standards.

[[Page 696]]



  Table H94-8--Implementation Schedule for Light Light-Duty Trucks for
                             HCs, CO and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Tier 1I       Tier 1
                  Model year                     percentage   percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994..........................................           40            0
1995..........................................           80            0
1996..........................................           60           40
1997..........................................           20           80
1998..........................................            0          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                       Table H94-9--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fuel                      LVW (lbs)            Standards             THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO          NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.2
Gasoline...................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........         5.2        0.4
Gasoline...................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.25  .........  .........         3.4        0.4
Gasoline...................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.7
Gasoline...................................    3751-5750  Tier 11...................       0.80       0.41  .........  .........         6.7        0.7
Gasoline...................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........         4.4        0.7
Diesel.....................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.2
Diesel.....................................       0-3750  Tier 11...................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........         5.2        1.2
Diesel.....................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.25  .........  .........         3.4        1.0
Diesel.....................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.7
Diesel.....................................    3751-5750  Tier 11...................       0.80       0.41  .........  .........         6.7        1.7
Diesel.....................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........         4.4        0.97
Methanol...................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................  .........  .........       0.80  .........        10          1.2
Methanol...................................       0-3750  Tier 11...................  .........  .........       0.80       0.32         5.2        0.4
Methanol...................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................  .........  .........       0.80       0.25         3.4        0.4
Methanol...................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................  .........  .........       0.80  .........        10          1.7
Methanol...................................    3751-5750  Tier 11...................  .........  .........       0.80       0.41         6.7        0.7
Methanol...................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................  .........  .........       0.80       0.32         4.4        0.7
Natural Gas................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................  .........       0.67  .........  .........        10          1.2
Natural Gas................................       0-3750  Tier 11...................  .........       0.32  .........  .........         5.2        0.4
Natural Gas................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................  .........       0.25  .........  .........         3.4        0.4
Natural Gas................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................  .........       0.67  .........  .........        10          1.7
Natural Gas................................    3751-5750  Tier 11...................  .........       0.41  .........  .........         6.7        0.7
Natural Gas................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................  .........       0.32  .........  .........         4.4        0.7
LPG........................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........         10         1.2
LPG........................................       0-3750  Tier 11...................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........         5.2        0.4
LPG........................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.25  .........  .........         3.4        0.4
LPG........................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........         10         1.7
LPG........................................    3751-5750  Tier 11...................       0.80       0.41  .........        6.7         0.7
LPG........................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........         4.4        0.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


                             Table H94-10--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fuel                      LVW (lbs)            Standards            THC\2\    NMHC\1\    THCE\2\    NMHCE\1\     CO\1\      NOX\1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.2
Gasoline...................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.31  .........  .........         4.2        0.60
Gasoline...................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.7
Gasoline...................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........         5.5        0.97
Diesel.....................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.2
Diesel.....................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.31  .........  .........         4.2        1.25
Diesel.....................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.7
Diesel.....................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........         5.5        0.97
Methanol...................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................  .........  .........       0.80  .........        10          1.2
Methanol...................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................  .........  .........       0.80       0.31         4.2        0.60
Methanol...................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................  .........  .........       0.80  .........        10          1.7
Methanol...................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................  .........  .........       0.80       0.40         5.5        0.97
Natural Gas................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................       2.93       0.67  .........  .........        10          1.2
Natural Gas................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       2.93       0.31  .........  .........         4.2        0.60
Natural Gas................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................       2.93       0.67  .........  .........        10          1.7
Natural Gas................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................       2.93       0.40  .........  .........         5.5        0.97
LPG........................................       0-3750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.2
LPG........................................       0-3750  Tier 1....................       0.80       0.31  .........  .........         4.2        0.60
LPG........................................    3751-5750  Tier 0....................       0.80  .........  .........  .........        10          1.7

[[Page 697]]

 
LPG........................................    3751-5750  Tier 1....................       0.08       0.40  .........  .........         5.5        0.97
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, which ever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or
  75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
\2\ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


Table H94-11--Implementation Schedule for Light Light-Duty Trucks for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................           0%
1995.......................................................          40%
1996.......................................................          80%
after 1996.................................................         100%
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table H94-12--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light
                        Light-Duty Trucks for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Fuel                 LVW (lbs)      Standards         PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 0.........       0.26
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........       0.13
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 0.........  .........
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........  .........
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 0.........   \2\ 0.26
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........   \2\ 0.13
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 0.........   \2\ 0.26
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 1.........       0.08
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 0.........   \2\ 0.13
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 1.........       0.08
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever
  first occurs.
\2\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.


Table H94-13--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty
                              Trucks for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Fuel                 LVW (lbs)      Standards        PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 0........  ..........
Gasoline......................  0-3750        Tier 1........        0.10
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 0........  ..........
Gasoline......................  3751-5750     Tier 1........        0.10
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 0........        0.26
Diesel........................  0-3750        Tier 1........        0.10
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 0........        0.13
Diesel........................  3751-5750     Tier 1........        0.10
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 0........  ..........
Methanol......................  0-3750        Tier 1........        0.10
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 0........  ..........
Methanol......................  3751-5750     Tier 1........        0.10
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 0........    \2\ 0.26
Natural Gas...................  0-3750        Tier 1........        0.10
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 0........    \2\ 0.13
Natural Gas...................  3751-5750     Tier 1........        0.10
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 0........    \2\ 0.26
LPG...........................  0-3750        Tier 1........        0.10
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 0........    \2\ 0.13
LPG...........................  3751-5750     Tier 1........        0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever
  first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7
  years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

[[Page 698]]

 
\2\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.

    (B)(1)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining 
compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section shall be based on 
total actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of the applicable model 
year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, 
or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale. If the 
option of paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)(3) is taken, such sales percentages 
shall be based on the total actual combined U.S. sales of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks of the applicable model year by a 
manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any 
other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of tables H94-8 and H94-11 of this section. Such 
petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year 
to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the petition to be 
granted, the manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that actual production volume is functionally equivalent 
to actual sales volume.
    (iii) The vehicles that are counted toward the implementation 
schedule sales percentage, or toward the total on which such percentage 
is based, for certification purposes as prescribed by Sec. 86.094-
9(a)(1)(i)(B)(1)(iii) of subpart A of this part, shall be the same 
vehicles that are counted toward the implementation schedule sales 
percentage, or the total on which it is based, for in-use purposes.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of table H94-8 of 
this section for model years 1994 through 1997 and from the 
implementation schedules of table H94-11 of this section for model years 
1995 and 1996. For small volume manufacturers, Tier 0 standards of 
tables H94-9 and H94-10 continue to apply until model year 1998 and the 
Tier 0 standards of tables H94-12 and H94-13 continue to apply until 
model year 1997, when one hundred percent compliance with the Tier 1 
standards of such tables is required. This exemption does not apply to 
small volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14 (b)(5).
    (2)(i) For 1994 and 1995 model year light light-duty trucks, the 
engine families which comprise the required implementation schedule 
percentage of sales meeting Tier 1 standards for HCs, CO, and 
NOX, for purposes of certification, shall be the same engine 
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage 
of sales meeting the interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 
1I'' in the tables of in-use standards) for in-use purposes.
    (ii) For 1996 and 1997 model year light light-duty trucks, the 
engine families which comprise the required implementation schedule 
percentage of sales meeting interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 
1I'' in the tables of in-use standards) and final in-use 
standards (labeled ``Tier 1'' in the tables of in-use standards) 
respectively, for HCs, CO, and NOX, for in-use purposes, 
shall be designated by the manufacturer at the time of certification.
    (iii) For 1995 and 1996 model year light light-duty trucks, the 
engine families which comprise the required implementation schedule 
percentage of sales meeting Tier 1 standards, for PM, for purposes of 
certification, shall be the same engine families which comprise the 
required implementation schedule percentage of sales meeting the final 
in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 1'' in the tables of in-use standards) 
for PM for in-use purposes.
    (3) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for in-use purposes.
    (4) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its in-use intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its 
in-use full useful life standards. The same families which

[[Page 699]]

are used to meet the intermediate useful life standards will be required 
without deviation to meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (ii) Heavy light-duty trucks. In-use exhaust emissions from 1994 and 
later model year heavy light-duty trucks shall meet all standards in 
tables H94-15 and H94-16 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel 
type and loaded vehicle weight or adjusted loaded vehicle weight, as 
applicable, according to the implementation schedule in table H94-14, 
and shall meet all standards in tables H94-18 and H94-19 in the rows 
designated with the applicable fuel type and loaded vehicle weight or 
adjusted loaded vehicle weight, as applicable, according to the 
implementation schedules in table H94-17, as follows:
    (A)(1)(i) For model years 1994 through 1997, a minimum of the 
percentage shown in the Tier 1I column of table H94-14 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's heavy light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1I standards in 
tables H94-15 and H94-16. The remaining vehicles, if any, shall not 
exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in tables H94-15 and H94-16.
    (ii) For model year 1998, a minimum of the percentage shown in table 
H94-14 of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's heavy 
light-duty trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in 
tables H94-15 and H94-16. The remaining vehicles shall not exceed the 
applicable Tier 1I standards in tables H94-15 and H94-16.
    (iii) For model years 1999 and later, a minimum of the percentage 
shown in table H94-14 of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model 
year's heavy light-duty trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 
standards in tables H94-15 and H94-16.
    (2) Particulates. For in-use exhaust emissions for model year 1994 
and later, a minimum of the percentage shown in table H94-17 of a 
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's heavy light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in tables H94-18 
and H94-19. The remaining heavy light-duty trucks, if any, shall not 
exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in tables H94-18 and H94-19.

  Table H94-14--Implementation Schedule for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for
                             HCs, CO and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Tier 1I       Tier 1
                  Model year                     percentage   percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994..........................................           0%           0%
1995..........................................           0%           0%
1996..........................................          50%           0%
1997..........................................         100%           0%
1998..........................................          50%          50%
after 1998....................................           0%         100%
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                       Table H94-15--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             ALVW
                    Fuel                      LVW (lbs)     (lbs)            Standards             THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE      CO    NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...................................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.2
Gasoline...................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.7
Gasoline...................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........    5.5   0.88
Gasoline...................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1...................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7
Gasoline...................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.49  .........  .........    6.2   1.38
Gasoline...................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1...................       0.80       0.39  .........  .........    5.0    1.1
Diesel.....................................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.2
Diesel.....................................      >  3750  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.7
Diesel.....................................       0-3750  3751-5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........    5.5    1.2
Diesel.....................................      >  3750  3751-5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........    5.5    1.7
Diesel.....................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1...................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........    4.4   0.98
Diesel.....................................       0-3750     > 5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.49  .........  .........    6.2    1.2

[[Page 700]]

 
Diesel.....................................      >  3750     > 5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.49  .........  .........    6.2    1.7
Diesel.....................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1...................       0.80       0.39  .........  .........    5.0   1.53
Methanol...................................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.2
Methanol...................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.7
Methanol...................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1I..................  .........  .........       0.80       0.40    5.5   0.88
Methanol...................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1...................  .........  .........       0.80       0.32    4.4    0.7
Methanol...................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1I..................  .........  .........       0.80       0.49    6.2   1.38
Methanol...................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1...................  .........  .........       0.80       0.39    5.0    1.1
Natural Gas................................       0-3570  .........  Tier 0...................  .........       0.67  .........  .........     10    1.2
Natural Gas................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0...................  .........       0.67  .........  .........     10    1.7
Natural Gas................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1I..................  .........       0.40  .........  .........    5.5   0.88
Natural Gas................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1...................  .........       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7
Natural Gas................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1I..................  .........       0.49  .........  .........    6.2   1.38
Natural Gas................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1...................  .........       0.39  .........  .........    5.0    1.1
LPG........................................       0-3570  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.2
LPG........................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0...................       0.80  .........  .........  .........     10    1.7
LPG........................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.40  .........  .........    5.5   0.88
LPG........................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1...................       0.80       0.32  .........  .........    4.4    0.7
LPG........................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1I..................       0.80       0.49  .........  .........    6.2   1.38
LPG........................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1...................       0.80       0.39  .........  .........    5.0    1.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


                             Table H94-16--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            ALVW
                   Fuel                      LVW (lbs)     (lbs)            Standards          THC \2\    NMHC \1\   THCE \2\  NMHCE \1\  CO \1\  NOX\1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline..................................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0..................       0.80  .........  .........  .........      10     1.2
Gasoline..................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0..................       0.80  .........  .........  .........      10     1.7
Gasoline..................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1..................       0.80       0.46  .........  .........     6.4    0.98
Gasoline..................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1..................       0.80       0.56  .........  .........     7.3    1.53
Diesel....................................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0..................       0.80  .........  .........  .........      10     1.2
Diesel....................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0..................       0.80  .........  .........  .........      10     1.7
Diesel....................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1..................       0.80       0.46  .........  .........     6.4    0.98
Diesel....................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1..................       0.80       0.56  .........  .........     7.3    1.53
Methanol..................................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0..................  .........  .........       0.80  .........      10     1.2
Methanol..................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0..................  .........  .........       0.80  .........      10     1.7
Methanol..................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1..................  .........  .........       0.80       0.46     6.4    0.98
Methanol..................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1..................  .........  .........       0.80       0.56     7.3    1.53
Natural Gas...............................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0..................  .........       0.67  .........  .........      10     1.2
Natural Gas...............................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0..................  .........       0.67  .........  .........      10     1.7
Natural Gas...............................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1..................  .........       0.46  .........  .........     6.4    0.98
Natural Gas...............................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1..................  .........       0.56  .........  .........     7.3    1.53
LPG.......................................       0-3750  .........  Tier 0..................       0.80  .........  .........  .........      10     1.2
LPG.......................................       > 3750  .........  Tier 0..................       0.80  .........  .........  .........      10     1.7
LPG.......................................  ...........  3751-5750  Tier 1..................       0.80       0.46  .........  .........     6.4    0.98
LPG.......................................  ...........     > 5750  Tier 1..................       0.80       0.56  .........  .........     7.3    1.53
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or
  90,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
\2\ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


Table H94-17--Implementation Schedule for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Tier 1
                         Model year                           percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994.......................................................            0

[[Page 701]]

 
1995.......................................................            0
1996.......................................................           50
after 1996.................................................          100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


         Table H94-18--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fuel                       LVW (lbs)    ALVW (lbs)            Standards                PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline....................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Gasoline....................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Gasoline....................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
Gasoline....................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
Diesel......................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................       0.26
Diesel......................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................       0.13
Diesel......................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
Diesel......................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
Methanol....................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Methanol....................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Methanol....................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
Methanol....................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
Natural Gas.................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................   \2\ 0.26
Natural Gas.................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................   \2\ 0.13
Natural Gas.................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
Natural Gas.................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
LPG.........................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................   \2\ 0.26
LPG.........................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................   \2\ 0.13
LPG.........................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
LPG.........................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
\2\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.


             Table H94-19--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fuel                       LVW (lbs)    ALVW (lbs)            Standards                PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline....................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Gasoline....................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Gasoline....................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
Gasoline....................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
Diesel......................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................       0.26
Diesel......................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................       0.13
Diesel......................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
Diesel......................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
Methanol....................................       0-3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Methanol....................................       > 3750  ...........  Tier 0.......................  .........
Methanol....................................  ...........    3751-5750  Tier 1.......................       0.10
Methanol....................................  ...........       > 5750  Tier 1.......................       0.12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement
  testing will be done beyond 7 years or 90,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

    (B)(1)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining 
compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) of this section shall be based 
on total actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of the applicable 
model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, 
broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sales to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales 
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule 
sales percentages of tables H94-14 and H94-17 of this section. Such 
petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year 
to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the petition to be 
granted, the manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that actual production volume

[[Page 702]]

is functionally equivalent to actual sales volume.
    (iii) The vehicles that are counted toward the implementation 
schedule sales percentage, or toward the total on which such percentage 
is based, for certification purposes as prescribed by Sec. 86.094-
9(a)(1)(ii)(B)(1)(iii) of subpart A of this part, shall be the same 
vehicles that are counted toward the implementation schedule sales 
percentage, or the total on which it is based, for in-use purposes.
    (iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1) 
and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of tables H94-14 
of this section for model years 1996 through 1998 and from the 
implementation schedules of table H94-17 of this section for model year 
1996. For small volume manufacturers, Tier 0 standards of tables H94-15 
and H94-16 continue to apply until model year 1999 and the Tier 0 
standards of tables H94-18 and H94-19 continue to apply until model year 
1997, when one hundred percent compliance with the Tier 1 standards of 
such tables is required. This exemption does not apply to small volume 
engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
    (2)(i) For 1996 and 1997 model year heavy light-duty trucks, the 
engine families which comprise the required implementation schedule 
percentage of sales meeting Tier 1 standards for HCs, CO, and 
NOX, for purposes of certification, shall be the same engine 
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage 
of sales meeting the interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 
1I'' in the tables of in-use standards) for in-use purposes.
    (ii) For 1998 model year heavy light-duty trucks the engine families 
which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage of sales 
meeting interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 1I'' in the 
tables of in-use standards) and final in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 
1'' in the tables of in-use standards) for HCs, CO, and NOX, 
for in-use purposes, shall be designated by the manufacturer at the time 
of certification.
    (iii) For 1996 model year heavy light-duty trucks, the engine 
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage 
of sales meeting Tier 1 standards, for PM, for purposes of 
certification, shall be the same engine families which comprise the 
required implementation schedule percentage of sales meeting the final 
in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 1'' in the tables of in-use standards) 
for PM for in-use purposes.
    (3) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages.
    (4) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its in-use intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its 
in-use full useful life standards. The same families which are used to 
meet the intermediate useful life standards will be required without 
deviation to meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (iii) Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide from 1994 and later model 
year light-duty trucks shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow 
at curb idle at a useful life of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
first occurs (for Otto-cycle and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle light-duty 
trucks only).
    (iv)(A) Engine families participating in the applicable 
NOX averaging program as specified in Sec. 86.094-
9(a)(1)(iv)(A) shall be subject, for purposes of in-use compliance, to 
the NOX family emission limit determined for that engine 
family for certification purposes, in lieu of the appropriate 
NOX standard shown in the tables of in-use standards in this 
section.
    (B) Engine families participating in the applicable particulate 
averaging program as specified in Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(iv)(B) shall be 
subject, for purposes of in-use compliance, to the particulate family 
emission limit determined for that engine family for certification 
purposes, in lieu of the appropriate particulate standard shown in the 
tables of in-use standards in this section.
    (v) CST emissions from model year 1996 and later gasoline-fueled 
Otto-cycle light-duty trucks measured and calculated in accordance with 
subpart O of this part may not exceed the

[[Page 703]]

standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(v) (A) and (B) of this section.
    (A) Hydrocarbons: 220 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 1.2 percent.
    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) 
of this section refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as 
set forth in subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures. The test weight basis for light light-
duty trucks, and for heavy light-duty trucks certified to the Tier 0 
standards of this section, for the purposes of determining equivalent 
test weight as prescribed in Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle 
weight. The test weight basis for heavy light-duty trucks certified to 
the Tier 1 or Tier 1I standards of this section, for the 
purposes of determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in 
Sec. 86.129-94, shall be adjusted loaded vehicle weight. The standard 
set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section refers to the exhaust 
emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) The provision of Sec. 86.090-8(b) through (k) of subpart A of 
this part apply to this section.

[56 FR 25781, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31922, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 33211, June 16, 1993; 58 FR 58424, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 48516, Sept. 
21, 1994]



Sec. 86.709-99  In-use emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty trucks.

    Section 86.709-99 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.091-9 of subpart A of this part. Where a paragraph 
in Sec. 86.091-9 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.709-99, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.091-9.'' Where a corresponding 
paragraph of Sec. 86.091-9 is not applicable, this is indicated by the 
statement ``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1)(i)(A) Light light-duty trucks. In-use exhaust emissions from 
1999 and later model year light light-duty trucks shall meet all 
standards in tables H99-1 and H99-2 in the rows designated with the 
applicable fuel type and loaded vehicle weight.

                                 Table H99-1--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Fuel                                LVW (lbs)      THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO         NOX         PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline....................................................  0-3750        .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4        0.08
Gasoline....................................................  3751-5750     .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7        0.08
Diesel......................................................  0-3750        .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        1.0        0.08
Diesel......................................................  3751-5750     .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.97       0.08
Methanol....................................................  0-3750        .........  .........  .........       0.25        3.4        0.4        0.08
Methanol....................................................  3751-5750     .........  .........  .........       0.32        4.4        0.7        0.08
Natural Gas.................................................  0-3750        .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4        0.08
Natural Gas.................................................  3751-5750     .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7        0.08
LPG.........................................................  0-3750        .........       0.25  .........  .........        3.4        0.4        0.08
LPG.........................................................  3751-5750     .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7        0.08
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


                                       Table H99-2--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Fuel                                LVW (lbs)    THC \2\    NMHC \1\   THCE \2\  NMHCE \1\    CO \1\     NOX\1\      PM \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline....................................................  0-3750             0.80       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6        0.10
Gasoline....................................................  3751-5750          0.80       0.40  .........  .........        5.5        0.97       0.10
Diesel......................................................  0-3750             0.80       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        1.25       0.10
Diesel......................................................  3751-5750          0.80       0.40  .........  .........        5.5        0.97       0.10
Methanol....................................................  0-3750        .........  .........       0.80       0.31        4.2        0.6        0.10
Methanol....................................................  3751-5750     .........  .........       0.80       0.40        5.5        0.97       0.10
Natural Gas.................................................  0-3750        .........       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6        0.10
Natural Gas.................................................  3751-5750     .........       0.40  .........  .........        5.5        0.97       0.10
LPG.........................................................  0-3750             0.80       0.31  .........  .........        4.2        0.6        0.10
LPG.........................................................  3751-5750          0.80       0.40  .........  .........        5.5        0.97       0.10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 yeras or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or
  75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

[[Page 704]]

 
\2\ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

    (B)(1) Vehicles subject to the standards of paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) 
of this section shall be all actual U.S. sales of light light-duty 
trucks of the applicable model year by a manufacturer.
    (2) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its in-use intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its 
in-use full useful life standards. The same families which are used to 
meet the intermediate useful life standards will be required without 
deviation to meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (ii)(A) Heavy light-duty trucks. In-use exhaust emissions from 1999 
and later model year heavy light-duty trucks shall meet all standards in 
tables H99-3 and H99-4 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel 
type and adjusted loaded vehicle weight.

                                 Table H99-3--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Fuel                                ALVW (lbs)     THC        NMHC       THCE      NMHCE        CO        NOX         PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................................................    3751-5750       0.80       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7       0.10
Gasoline......................................................        >5750       0.80       0.39  .........  .........        5.0        1.1       0.12
Diesel........................................................    3751-5750       0.80       0.32  .........  .........        4.4       0.98       0.10
Diesel........................................................        >5750       0.80       0.39  .........  .........        5.0       1.53       0.12
Methanol......................................................    3751-5750  .........  .........       0.80       0.32        4.4        0.7       0.10
Methanol......................................................        >5750  .........  .........       0.80       0.39        5.0        1.1       0.12
Natural Gas...................................................    3751-5750  .........       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7       0.10
Natural Gas...................................................        >5750  .........       0.39  .........  .........        5.0        1.1       0.12
LPG...........................................................    3751-5750       0.80       0.32  .........  .........        4.4        0.7       0.10
LPG...........................................................        >5750       0.80       0.39  .........  .........        5.0        1.1       0.12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.


                                     Table H99-4--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Fuel                                ALVW (lbs)   THC \2\    NMHC \1\   THCE \2\  NMHCE \1\    CO \1\     NOX\1\     PM \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline......................................................    3751-5750       0.80       0.46  .........  .........        6.4       0.98       0.10
Gasoline......................................................        >5750       0.80       0.56  .........  .........        7.3       1.53       0.12
Diesel........................................................    3751-5750       0.80       0.46  .........  .........        6.4       0.98       0.10
Diesel........................................................        >5750       0.80       0.56  .........  .........        7.3       1.53       0.12
Methanol......................................................    3751-5750  .........  .........       0.80       0.46        6.4       0.98       0.10
Methanol......................................................        >5750  .........  .........       0.80       0.56        7.3       1.53       0.12
Natural Gas...................................................    3751-5750  .........       0.46  .........  .........        6.4       0.98       0.10
Natural Gas...................................................        >5750  .........       0.56  .........  .........        7.3       1.53       0.12
LPG...........................................................    3751-5750       0.80       0.46  .........  .........        6.4       0.98       0.10
LPG...........................................................        >5750       0.80       0.56  .........  .........        7.3       1.53       0.12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or
  90,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
\2\ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

    (B)(1) Vehicles subject to the standards of paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) 
of this section shall be all actual U.S. sales of heavy light-duty 
trucks of the applicable model year by a manufacturer.
    (2) A manufacturer can not use one set of engine families to meet 
its in-use intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its 
in-use full useful life standards. The same families which are used to 
meet the intermediate useful life standards will be required without 
deviation to meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
    (iii) Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide from 1999 and later model 
year light-duty trucks shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow 
at curb idle at a useful life of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever 
first occurs (for Otto-cycle and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle light-duty 
trucks only)
    (iv) CST emissions from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks 
measured and calculated in accordance with subpart O of this part may 
not exceed the standards listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) (A) and (B) of 
this section.
    (A) Hydrocarbons: 220 ppm as hexane.
    (B) Carbon monoxide: 1.2 percent.

[[Page 705]]

    (2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) 
of this section refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as 
set forth in subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in 
accordance with those procedures. The test weight basis for light light-
duty trucks, for the purposes of determining equivalent test weight as 
prescribed in Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle weight. The test 
weight basis for heavy light-duty trucks, for the purposes of 
determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in Sec. 86.129-94, 
shall be adjusted loaded vehicle weight. The standard set forth in 
paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section refers to the exhaust emitted at 
curb idle and measured and calculated in accordance with the procedures 
set forth in subpart P of this part.
    (3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section 
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of 
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those 
provisions.
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.097-9(b), (c), and (g) through (k) of 
subpart A of this part apply to this section.

[56 FR 25781, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31922, July 17, 1992; 58 
FR 58425, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 48520, Sept. 21, 1994]



Subpart I--Emission Regulations for New Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke 
                         Exhaust Test Procedure

    Authority: Secs. 202, 206, 207, 208, 301(a), Clean Air Act; as 
amended 42 U.S.C. 7521, 7524, 7541, 7542, and 7601.

    Source: 48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.884-1  General applicability.

    The provisions of this subpart are applicable to new petroleum-
fueled diesel heavy-duty engines beginning with the 1984 model year, 
methanol-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines beginning with the 1990 model 
year and natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel 
heavy-duty engines beginning with the 1997 model year. The provisions of 
this subpart are optional prior to the 1997 model year for natural gas-
fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines.

[59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.884-2  Definitions.

    The definitions in Sec. 86.084-2 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.884-3  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in Sec. 86.078-3 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.884-4  Section numbering.

    The section numbering system set forth in Sec. 86.084-4 applies to 
this subpart.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.884-5  Test procedures.

    The procedures described in this and subsequent sections will be the 
test program to determine the conformity of engines with the standards 
set forth in Sec. 86.084-11(b).
    (a) The test consists of a prescribed sequence of engine operating 
conditions on an engine dynamometer with continuous examination of the 
exhaust gases. The test is applicable equally to controlled engines 
equipped with means for preventing, controlling, or eliminating smoke 
emissions and to uncontrolled engines.
    (b) The test is designed to determine the opacity of smoke in 
exhaust emissions during those engine operating conditions which tend to 
promote smoke from diesel vehicles.
    (c) The test procedure begins with a preconditioned engine which is 
then run through preloading and preconditioning operations. After an 
idling period, the engine is operated through acceleration and lugging 
modes during which smoke emission measurements are made to compare with 
the standards. The engine is then returned to the idle condition and the 
acceleration and lugging modes are repeated. Three consecutive sequences 
of acceleration and lugging constitutes the full set of operating 
conditions for smoke emission measurement.
    (d)(1) Except in cases of component mulfunction or failure, all 
emission control systems installed on, or incorporated in, a new motor 
vehicle engine

[[Page 706]]

shall be functioning during all procedures in this subpart.
    (2) Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be 
authorized in accordance with Sec. 86.084-25.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48140, Dec. 10, 1984; 
54 FR 14559, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.884-6  Fuel specifications.

    The requirements of this section are set forth in Sec. 86.1313.

[54 FR 14559, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.884-7  Dynamometer operation cycle for smoke emission tests.

    (a) The following sequence of operations shall be performed during 
engine dynamometer testing of smoke emissions, starting with the 
dynamometer preloading determined and the engine preconditioned 
(Sec. 86.884-12(c)).
    (1) Idle Mode. The engine is caused to idle for 5.0 to 5.5 minutes 
at the manufacturer's recommended curb idle speed. The dynamometer 
controls shall be set to provide the speed and load necessary to comply 
with the heavy-duty ``curb idle'' definition per Sec. 86.084-2, in 
accordance with predominant engine application.
    (2) Acceleration mode. (i) The engine speed shall be increased to 
200 50 rpm above the measured free idle speed measured at 
the point where the throttle begins to move from part-throttle to the 
full throttle position. The speed anywhere during this mode should not 
exceed this checkpoint speed by more than 50 rpm. The duration of this 
first acceleration shall be three seconds or less measured from the 
point where the speed first begins to increase above idle to the point 
where the throttle reaches full open position.
    (ii) Immediately upon completion of the mode specified in paragraph 
(a)(2)(i) of this section, the throttle shall be moved rapidly to, and 
held in, the fully open position. The inertia of the engine and the 
dynamometer, or alternately a preselected dynamometer load, shall be 
used to control the acceleration of the engine so that the speed 
increases to 85 percent of the rated speed in 5 plus-minus1.5 
seconds. This acceleration shall be linear within 100 rpm as specified 
in Sec. 86.884-13(c).
    (iii) After the engine reaches the speed required in paragraph 
(a)(2)(ii) of this section the throttle shall be moved rapidly to, and 
held in, the fully closed position. Immediately after the throttle is 
closed, the preselected load required to perform the acceleration in 
paragraph (a)(2)(iv) of this section shall be applied. For electric 
motoring dynamometer operation in speed mode, the deceleration shall be 
performed in 21.5 seconds.
    (iv) When the engine decelerates to the intermediate speed (within 
50 rpm), the throttle shall be moved rapidly to, and held in, the fully 
open position. The preselected dynamometer load which was applied during 
the preceding transition period shall be used to control the 
acceleration of the engine so that the speed increases to at least 95 
percent of the rated speed in 10 plus-minus2 seconds.
    (v) For electric dynamometer operation in speed mode, motoring 
assist may be used to offset excessive dynamometer inertia load when 
necessary. No negative flywheel torque shall occur during any of the 
three acceleration modes in paragraph (a)(2) of this section except for 
a maximum of 10ft-lbs. for the first 0.5 second of the mode.
    (3) Lugging mode. (i) Immediately upon the completion of the 
preceding acceleration mode, the dynamometer controls shall be adjusted 
to permit the engine to develop maximum horsepower at rated speed. This 
transition period shall be 50 to 60 seconds in duration. During the last 
10 seconds of this period, the average engine speed shall be maintained 
within 50 rpm of the rated speed, and the average observed power 
(corrected, if necessary, to rating conditions) shall be no less than 95 
percent of the maximum horsepower developed during the preconditioning 
prior to the smoke cycle.
    (ii) With the throttle remaining in the fully open position, the 
dynamometer controls shall be adjusted gradually so that the engine 
speed is reduced to the intermediate speed. This lugging operation shall 
be performed smoothly over a period of 35#5 seconds. The rate of slowing 
of the engine shall be linear, within 100 rpm, as specified in 
Sec. 86.884-13(c).

[[Page 707]]

    (4) Engine unloading. Within five seconds of completing the 
preceding lugging mode, the dynamometer and engine controls shall be 
returned to the idle position described in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section. The engine must be at free idle condition within one minute 
after completion of the lugging mode.
    (b) The procedures described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of 
this section shall be repeated until three consecutive valid cycles have 
been completed. If three valid cycles have not been completed after a 
total of six consecutive cycles have been run, the engine shall be 
preconditioned by operation at maximum horsepower at rated speed for 10 
minutes before the test sequence is repeated.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 
52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987; 62 FR 47122, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.884-8  Dynamometer and engine equipment.

    The following equipment shall be used for smoke emission testing of 
engines on engine dynamometers:
    (a) An engine dynamometer with adequate characteristics to perform 
the test cycle described in Sec. 86.884-7.
    (b) An engine cooling system having sufficient capacity to maintain 
the engine at normal operating temperatures during conduct of the 
prescribed engine tests.
    (c) An exhaust system with an appropriate type of smokemeter placed 
10 to 32 feet from the exhaust manifold(s), turbocharger outlet(s), 
exhaust aftertreatment device(s), or crossover junction (on Vee 
engines), whichever is farthest downstream. The smoke exhaust system can 
share the same hardware required in part 86, subpart N, Sec. 86.1327-
84(f)(2), insofar as that hardware also meets the following smoke test 
requirements. The smoke exhaust system shall present an exhaust 
backpressure within +0.2 inch Hg of the upper limit at maximum rated 
horsepower, as established by the engine manufacturer in his sales and 
service literature for vehicle application. The following options may 
also be used:
    (1) For engines with multiple exhaust outlets, join the exhaust 
outlets together into a single exhaust system and install the smokemeter 
10 to 32 feet downstream from the junction of the individual exhaust 
outlets, or exhaust aftertreatment device(s), whichever is farthest 
downstream.
    (2) For engines with multiple exhaust outlets, install a smokemeter 
in each of the exhaust pipes 10 to 32 feet downstream from each exhaust 
manifold, turbocharger outlet, or exhaust aftertreatment device, 
whichever is farthest downstream.
    (3) For engines with multiple exhaust outlets, install a smokemeter 
on the exhaust pipe which produces the highest smoke levels 10 to 32 
feet downstream from the exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet, or 
exhaust aftertreatment device, whichever is farthest downstream. It may 
be required to make smoke measurements from other exhaust outlets if 
deemed appropriate by the Administrator.
    (4) When utilizing an end-of-line smokemeter, the terminal two feet 
of the exhaust pipe used for smoke measurement shall be of a circular 
cross section and be free of elbows and bends. The end of the pipe shall 
be cut off squarely. The terminal two feet of the exhaust pipe shall 
have a nominal inside diameter in accordance with the engine being 
tested, as specified below:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Exhaust
                                                                 pipe
                  Maximum rated horsepower                     diameter
                                                               (inches)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
HP50.......................................................          1.5
50HP100.........................................          2.0
100HP200........................................          3.0
200HP300........................................          4.0
300HP500........................................          5.0
HP500...........................................          6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (5) When utilizing an in-line smokemeter, there shall be no change 
in the exhaust pipe diameter within 3 exhaust pipe diameters before or 
after the centerline of the smokemeter optics. Within 6 exhaust pipe 
diameters upstream of the centerline of the smokemeter optics, no change 
in exhaust pipe diameter may exceed a 12 degree half-angle.
    (d) An engine air inlet system presenting an air inlet restriction 
within one inch of water of the upper limit for the engine operating 
condition which results in maximum air flow, as established by the 
engine manufacturer in

[[Page 708]]

his sales and service literature, for the engine being tested.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 62 FR 47122, Sept. 5, 1997; 
63 FR 63967, Nov. 17, 1998]



Sec. 86.884-9  Smoke measurement system.

    (a) Schematic drawing. The Figure I84-1 is a schematic drawing of 
the optical system of the light extinction meter.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.182

    (b) Equipment. The following equipment shall be used in the system.
    (1) Adapter--the smokemeter optical unit may be mounted on a fixed 
or movable frame. The normal unrestricted shape of the exhaust plume 
shall not be modified by the adaptor, the meter, or any ventilatory 
system used to remove the exhaust from the test site.
    (2) Smokemeter (light extinction meter)--continuous recording, full-
flow light obscuration meter.
    (i) It is positioned so that a built-in light beam traverses the 
exhaust smoke plume at right angles to the axis of the exhaust stream.
    (ii) The smokemeter light source shall be an incandescent lamp with 
a color temperature range of 2800K to 3250K, or a light source with a 
spectral peak between 550 to 570 nanometers.
    (iii) The light output is collimated to a beam with a maximum 
diameter of 1.125 inches and an included angle of divergence within a 
6 deg. included angle.
    (iv) The light detector shall be a photocell or photodiode. If the 
light source is an incandescent lamp, the detector shall have a spectral 
response similar to the photopic curve of the human eye (a maximum 
response in the range of 550 to 570 nanometers, to less than 4 percent 
of that maximum response below 430 nanometers and above 680 nanometers).
    (v) A collimating tube with apertures equal to the beam diameter is 
attached to the detector to restrict the viewing angle of the detector 
to within a 16 deg. included angle.
    (vi) An amplified signal corresponding to the amount of light 
blocked is recorded continuously on a remote recorder.
    (vii) An air curtain across the light source and detector window 
assemblies may be used to minimize deposition of smoke particles on 
those surfaces provided that it does not measurably affect the opacity 
of the plume.
    (viii) The smokemeter consists of two units; an optical unit and a 
remote control unit.
    (ix) Light extinction meters employing substantially identical 
measurement principles and producing substantially equivalent results, 
but which employ other electronic and optical techniques, may be used 
only after having been approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (3) Recorder--a continuous recorder, with variable chart speed over 
a minimal range of 0.5 to 8.0 inches per

[[Page 709]]

minute (or equivalent) and an automatic marker indicating 1-second 
intervals continuously records the exhaust gas opacity, engine rpm and 
throttle position.
    (i) The recorder is equipped to indicate only when the throttle is 
in the fully open or fully closed position.
    (ii) The recorder scale for opacity is linear and calibrated to read 
from 0 to 100 percent opacity full scale.
    (iii) The opacity trace has a resolution within one percent opacity.
    (iv) The recorder scale for engine rpm is linear and has a 
resolution of 30 rpm.
    (v) The throttle position trace clearly indicates when the throttle 
is in the fully open and fully closed positions.
    (vi) Any means other than a strip-chart recorder may be used 
provided it produces a permanent visual data record of quality equal to 
or better than that described above (e.g., tabulated data, traces, or 
plots).
    (4) The recorder used with the smokemeter shall be capable of full-
scale deflection in 0.5 second or less. The smokemeter-recorder 
combination may be damped so that signals with a frequency higher than 
10 cycles per second are attenuated. A separate lowpass electronic 
filter with the following performance characteristics may be installed 
between the smokemeter and the recorder to achieve the high-frequency 
attenuation:
    (i) Three decibel point--10 cycles per second.
    (ii) Insertion loss--zero 0.5 decibel.
    (iii) Selectivity--12 decibels per octave above 10 cycles per 
second.
    (iv) Attenuation--27 decibels down at 40 cycles per second minimum.
    (5) In lieu of the use of chart recorders, automatic data collection 
equipment may be used to record all required data. Automatic data 
processing equipment may then be used to perform the data analysis 
specified in Sec. 86.884-13. The automatic data collection equipment 
must be capable of sampling at least two records per second.
    (c) Assembling equipment. (1) The optical unit of the smokemeter 
shall be mounted radially to the exhaust pipe so that the measurement 
will be made at right angles to the axis of the exhaust plume. For an 
end-of-line smokemeter the distance from the optical centerline to the 
exhaust pipe outlet shall be 1 0.25 inch. The full flow of 
the exhaust stream shall be centered between the source and the detector 
apertures (or windows and lenses) and on the axis of the light beam.
    (2) Power shall be supplied to the control unit of the smokemeter in 
time to allow at least 15 minutes for stabilization prior to testing.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 
62 FR 47122, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.884-10  Information.

    The following information, as applicable, shall be recorded for each 
test:
    (a) Engine description and specifications. A copy of the information 
specified in this paragraph must accompany each engine sent to the 
Administrator for compliance testing. If the engine is submitted to the 
Administrator for testing under subpart N, only the information 
specified in Sec. 86.1344-84 need accompany the engine. The manufacturer 
need not record the information specified in this paragraph for each 
test if the information, with exception of paragraphs (a)(3), (a)(12), 
and (a)(13) of this section, is included in the manufacturer's part I.
    (1) Engine-system combination.
    (2) Engine identification numbers.
    (3) Number of hours of operation accumulated on engine.
    (4) Rated maximum horsepower and torque.
    (5) Maximum horsepower and torque speeds.
    (6) Engine displacement.
    (7) Governed speed.
    (8) Idle rpm.
    (9) Fuel consumption at maximum power and torque.
    (10) Maximum air flow.
    (11) Maximum and test air inlet restriction.
    (12) Exhaust pipe diameter(s).
    (13) Maximum exhaust system backpressure.
    (b) Test data; general. This information may be recorded at any time 
between four hours prior to the test and four hours after the test.
    (1) Engine-system combination.
    (2) Engine identification numbers.

[[Page 710]]

    (3) Instrument operator.
    (4) Engine operator.
    (5) Number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine prior to 
beginning the warm-up portion of the test.
    (6) Calibration date(s) of neutral density filters used to calibrate 
the smokemeter.
    (c) Test data; pre-test.
    (1) Date and time of day.
    (2) Test number.
    (3) Barometric pressure.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (5) Intake air humidity and temperature:
    (i) Humidity-conditioned air supply. Air that has had its absolute 
humidity altered is considered humidity-conditioned air. For this type 
of intake air supply, the humidity measurement must be made within the 
intake air supply system, and after the humidity conditioning has taken 
place.
    (ii) Non-conditioned air supply. Humidity measurements in non-
conditioned intake air supply systems must be made in the intake air 
stream entering the supply system and within 18 inches of the inlet for 
supply system. Alternatively, the humidity measurements can be measured 
within the intake air supply stream.
    (iii) Engine intake air temperature measurement must be made within 
48 inches of the engine. The measurement location must be made either in 
the supply system or in the air stream entering the supply system.
    (d) Test data; modal. (1) Observed engine torque and speed during 
the steady-state test conditions specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(3)(i).
    (2) On the recorder or automatic data collection equipment: Identify 
zero traces--calibration traces--idle traces (or printout of the zero 
and calibration values)--closed-throttle trace-open throttle trace--
acceleration and lugdown test traces--start and finish of each test.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 
62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.884-11  Instrument checks.

    (a) The smokemeter shall be checked according to the following 
procedure prior to each test:
    (1) [Reserved]
    (2) The zero control shall be adjusted under conditions of ``no 
smoke'' to give a recorder or data collection equipment response of 
zero;
    (3) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, 
and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the 
instrument. The filter(s) shall be inserted in the light path 
perpendicular to the axis of the beam and adjacent to the opening from 
which the beam of light from the light source emanates, and the recorder 
response shall be noted. Filters with exposed filtering media should be 
checked for opacity every six months; all other filters shall be checked 
every year, using NBS or equivalent reference filters. Deviations in 
excess of 1 percent of the nominal opacity shall be corrected.
    (b) The instruments for measuring and recording engine rpm, engine 
torque, air inlet restrictions, exhaust system backpressure, throttle 
position, etc., which are used in the test prescribed herein, shall be 
calibrated in accordance with good engineering practice.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.884-12  Test run.

    (a) The temperature of the air supplied to the engine shall be 
between 68  deg.F and 86  deg.F. The engine fuel inlet temperature shall 
be 100  deg.F 10  deg.F and shall be measured at a point 
specified by the manufacturer. The observed barometric pressure shall be 
between 28.5 inches and 31 inches Hg. Higher air temperature or lower 
barometric pressure may be used, if desired, but no allowance will be 
made for possible increased smoke emissions because of such conditions.
    (b) The governor and fuel system shall have been adjusted to provide 
engine performance at the levels in the application for certification 
required under Sec. 86.084-21.
    (c) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Start cooling system;
    (2) Warm up the engine by the procedure described in Sec. 86.1332-
84(d)(3) (i) through (v).

[[Page 711]]

    (3) Determine by experimentation the dynamometer inertia and 
dynamometer load required to perform the acceleration in the dynamometer 
cycle for smoke emission tests (Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)). In a manner 
appropriate for the dynamometer and controls being used, arrange to 
conduct the acceleration mode;
    (4) Install smokemeter optical unit and connect it to the recorder/
data collection system. Connect the engine rpm and throttle position 
sensing devices to the recorder/data collection system;
    (5) Turn on purge air to the optical unit of the smokemeter, if 
purge air is used;
    (6) Check and record zero and span settings of the smokemeter. (If a 
recorder is used, a chart speed of approximately one inch per minute 
shall be used.) The optical unit shall be retracted from its position 
about the exhaust stream if the engine is left running;
    (7) Precondition the engine by operating it for 10 minutes at 
maximum rated horsepower;
    (8) Proceed with the sequence of smoke emission measurements on the 
engine dynamometer as prescribed in Sec. 86.884-7;
    (9)(i) During the test sequence of Sec. 86.884-7, continuously 
record smoke measurements, engine rpm, and throttle position.
    (ii) If a chart recorder is used for data collection, it shall be 
run at a minimum chart speed of one inch per minute during the idle mode 
and transitional periods, and eight inches per minute during the 
acceleration and lugging modes.
    (iii) Automatic data collection equipment, if used, shall sample at 
least two records per second.
    (iv) The smoke meter zero and full scale response may be rechecked 
and reset during the idle mode of each test sequence.
    (v) If either zero or full-scale drift is in excess of 2 percent 
opacity, the smokemeter controls must be readjusted and the test must be 
repeated;
    (10) Turn off engine;
    (11)(i) Check zero and reset if necessary.
    (ii) Check span response (linearity) of the smokemeter by inserting 
neutral density filters.
    (iii) If either zero drift or the linearity check is in excess of 
two percent opacity, the results shall be invalidated.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 
52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987]



Sec. 86.884-13  Data analysis.

    The following procedure shall be used to analyze the test data:
    (a) Locate the modes specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(1) through (a)(4) 
by applying the following starting and ending criteria:
    (1) The idle mode specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(1) starts when 
engine preconditioning or the lugging mode of a preceding cycle has been 
completed and ends when the engine speed is raised above the idle speed.
    (2) The acceleration mode specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(i) starts 
when the preceding idle mode has been completed and ends when the 
throttle is in the fully open position, as indicated by the throttle 
position trace as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(ii).
    (3) The acceleration mode specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(ii) 
starts when the preceding acceleration mode has been completed and ends 
when the engine speed reaches 85 percent of the rated speed.
    (4) The transition period specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(iii) 
starts when the preceding acceleration mode has been completed and ends 
when the throttle is in the fully open position as indicated by the 
throttle position trace, as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(iv).
    (5) The acceleration mode specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(iv) 
starts when the preceding transition period has been completed and ends 
when the engine speed reaches 95 percent of the rated speed.
    (6) The transition period specified in Sec. 86.884-7 (a)(3)(i) 
starts when the preceding acceleration mode has been completed and ends 
when the engine speed is 50 rpm below the rated speed and the provisions 
of Sec. 86.884-7 (a)(3)(i) are met.

[[Page 712]]

    (7) The lugging mode specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(3)(ii) starts 
when the preceding transition period has been completed and ends when 
the engine speed is at the intermediate speed.
    (b) Determine if the test requirements of Sec. 86.884-7 are met by 
applying the following modal criteria:
    (1) Idle mode as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(1):
    (i) Duration: 5 to 5.5 minutes.
    (ii) Speed: within specification during the last four minutes of the 
mode.
    (2) Acceleration mode as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(i).
    (i) Duration: three seconds or less.
    (ii) Speed increase: 20050 rpm.
    (3) Acceleration mode as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(ii);
    (i) Linearity: 100 rpm as specified in paragraph (c) of 
this section.
    (ii) Duration: 3.5 to 6.5 seconds.
    (iii) Throttle position: fully open until speed is at least 85 
percent of the rated speed.
    (4) Transition period as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(iii):
    (i) Throttle position: moved rapidly to, and held in, the fully 
closed position.
    (5) Acceleration mode as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(iv):
    (i) Duration: 8 to 12 seconds.
    (ii) Throttle position: fully open when speed is at intermediate 
speed.
    (6) Transition period as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(3)(i):
    (i) Duration: 50 to 60 seconds.
    (ii) Average speed during the last 10 seconds shall be within 
50 rpm of rated speed.
    (iii) Average observed power during the last 10 seconds shall be at 
least 95 percent of the horsepower developed during the preconditioning 
mode.
    (7) Lugging mode as specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(3)(ii):
    (i) Linearity: plus-minus100 rpm as specified in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (ii) Duration: 30 to 40 seconds.
    (iii) Speed at end: intermediate speed.
    (c) Determine if the linearity requirements of Sec. 86.884-7 were 
met by means of the following procedure:
    (1) For the acceleration mode specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(2)(ii), 
note the maximum deflection of the rpm trace from a straight line drawn 
between the starting and ending points specified in paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section.
    (2) For the lugging mode specified in Sec. 86.884-7(a)(3)(ii), note 
the maximum deflection of the rpm trace from a straight line drawn from 
the starting and ending points specified in paragraph (a)(7) of this 
section.
    (3) The test results will be invalid if any deflection is greater 
than 100 rpm.
    (4) This linearity check may be performed by direct analysis of the 
recorder traces, or by computer analysis of data collected by automatic 
data collection equipment.
    (d) Analyze the smoke trace by means of the following procedure:
    (1) Starting at the beginning of the first acceleration, as defined 
in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, and stopping at the end of the 
second acceleration, as defined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, 
divide the smoke trace into half-second intervals. Similarly, subdivide 
into half-second intervals the third acceleration mode and the lugging 
mode as defined by paragraphs (a) (5) and (7) respectively, of this 
section.
    (2) Determine the average smoke reading during each half-second 
interval.
    (3) Locate and record the 15 highest half-second readings during the 
acceleration mode of each dynamometer cycle.
    (4) Locate and record the five highest half-second readings during 
the lugging mode of each dynamometer cycle.
    (5) Examine the average half-second values which were determined in 
paragraphs (d)(3) and (d)(4) of this section and record the three 
highest values for each dynamometer cycle.
    (6) This smoke trace analysis may be performed by direct analysis of 
the recorder traces, or by computer analysis of data collected by 
automatic data collection equipment.

[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 
62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.884-14  Calculations.

    (a) If the measured half-second opacity values were obtained with a 
smokemeter with an optical path length different than shown in the table 
in Sec. 86.884-8(c), then convert the measured half-second values or the

[[Page 713]]

original instantaneous values to the appropriate equivalent optical path 
length values specified in the table. Convert the opacity values 
according to the following equations:

Ns=100 x (1-(1-Nm/100)Ls/Lm)

Lm and Ls must use consistent units in the above 
    equation


Where:

Nm=Measured half-second value for conversion, percent opacity
Lm=Measuring smokemeter optical path length, meters
Ls=Standard optical path length corresponding with engine 
    power, n
Ns=Standard half-second value, percent opacity

    (b) Average the 45 readings in Sec. 86.884-13(d)(3) or the 
equivalent converted values from paragraph (a) of this section if 
appropriate, and designate the value as ``A''. This is the value for the 
engine acceleration mode.
    (c) Average the 15 readings in Sec. 86.884-13(d)(4) or the 
equivalent converted values from paragraph (a) of this section if 
appropriate, and designate the value as ``B''. This is the value for the 
engine lugging mode.
    (d) Average the 9 readings in Sec. 86.884-13(d)(5) or the equivalent 
converted values from paragraph (a) of this section if appropriate, and 
designate the value as ``C''. This is the value for the peaks in either 
mode.
    (e)(1) If multiple smokemeters were used, the half-second values for 
each mode from each smokemeter shall be combined and the calculated 
average based upon the total number of combined values.
    (2) For example, if two smokemeters were used for acceleration mode 
data, 45 half-second values in each data set from both smokemeters would 
be combined to form a data set of 90 values, which would then be 
averaged.

[62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]



   Subpart J--Fees for the Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program

    Source: 57 FR 30055, July 7, 1992, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.901-93  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in this section apply to this subpart and have the 
following meanings:
CAFE--Corporate Average Fuel Economy,
Cal--California,
CPI--Consumer Price Index,
ESI--Engine System Information,
EPA--U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Fed--Federal,
HDE--Heavy-duty engine,
HDV--Heavy-duty vehicle,
ICI--Independent Commercial Importer,
LDV--Light-duty vehicle,
LDT--Light-duty truck,
MC--Motorcycle,
MVEPC--Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program,
MY--Model Year,
OEM--Original equipment manufacturer,
SEA--Selective Enforcement Auditing.



Sec. 86.902-01  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in Sec. 86.902-93 continue to apply to this 
subpart.
    (b) The definitions in subparts A and S of this part apply to this 
subpart.

[64 FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.902-93  Definitions.

    California-only certificate is a Certificate of Conformity issued by 
EPA which only signifies compliance with the emission standards 
established by California.
    Certification request means a manufacturer's request for 
certification evidence by the submission of an application for 
certification, ESI data sheet, or ICI Carryover data sheet.
    Engine-system combination as defined in 40 CFR 86.082-2, means an 
engine family-exhaust emission control system combination.
    Federal certificate is a Certificate of Conformity issued by EPA 
which signifies compliance with emission standards in 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart A.
    Fuel economy basic engine means a unique combination of 
manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system, 
catalyst usage, and other characteristics specified by the 
Administrator.
    Filing form means the MVECP Fee Filing Form to be sent with payment 
of the MVECP fee.

[[Page 714]]

    Signed means a certification request which results in a signed 
Certificate of Conformity.
    Unsigned means a certification request which does not result in a 
signed Certificate of Conformity because it is either voluntarily 
withdrawn by the manufacturer or does not receive approval from the EPA.



Sec. 86.903-93  Applicability.

    This subpart prescribes fees to be charged for the MVECP for 1993 
and later Mys. The fees charged will apply to all manufacturers' and 
ICIs' LDVs, LDTs, HDVs, HDEs, and MCs. Nothing in this subpart shall be 
construed to limit the Administrator's authority to require manufacturer 
or confirmatory testing as provided in the Clean Air Act, including 
authority to require manufacturer in-use testing as provided in section 
208 of the Clean Air Act.



Sec. 86.904-93  Section numbering; construction.

    (a)(1) The MY of initial applicability is indicated by the section 
number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first MY for 
which a section is effective. A section remains effective until 
superseded.
    (2) Example. Section 86.901-93 applies to the 1993 and subsequent 
MYs until superseded. If Sec. 86.901-96 is promulgated, it will take 
effect beginning with the 1996 MY; Sec. 86.901-93 will apply to MYs 1993 
through 1995.
    (b)(1) A section reference without a MY suffix refers to the section 
applicable for the appropriate MY.
    (2) Example. For a reference to Sec. 86.901, one would refer to 
Sec. 86.901-xx where xx is the last two digits of the model year in 
question.



Sec. 86.905-93  Purpose.

    The MVECP includes all compliance, enforcement, and related 
activities performed by EPA which are associated with certification, 
fuel economy, SEA, and in-use compliance programs. The fee will recover 
those compliance, investigation and review costs which the EPA incurs in 
providing vehicle and engine manufacturers or ICIs with Certificates of 
Conformity, fuel economy labels, CAFE calculations, and ICI review 
necessary to market vehicles in the U.S. and to meet requirements 
otherwise imposed by statute.



Sec. 86.906-93  MVEPC certification request types.

    Certification requests are grouped into three types corresponding to 
the three major divisions of regulated mobile sources: LDVs/LDTs; HDVs/
HDEs; and MCs.



Sec. 86.907-01  Fee amounts.

    The fee for each certification request type is:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Model year
                      Certificate type                         2001 and
                                                                later
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LDT:
  Fed Signed...............................................      $27,211
  Cal-only Signed..........................................        8,956
  Fed Unsigned.............................................        2,738
  Cal-only Unsigned........................................        2,738
HDE/HDV:
  Fed Signed...............................................       12,584
  Cal-only Signed..........................................        2,145
  Fed Unsigned.............................................        2,145
  Cal-only Unsigned........................................        2,145
  All Evaporative-only.....................................        2,145
Motorcycles:
  Fed Signed...............................................          840
  Cal-only Signed..........................................          840
  Fed Unsigned.............................................          840
  Cal-only Unsigned........................................          840
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[64 FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.907-93  Fee amounts.

    The fee for each certification request type is:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 MY 1994
                                                       MY 1993    (and
                                                                 later)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LDT
Fed Signed..........................................   $11,865   $23,731
Cal-only Signed.....................................     4,563     9,127
Fed Unsigned........................................     1,095     2,190
Cal-only Unsigned...................................     1,095     2,190
HDE/HDV
Fed Signed..........................................     6,292    12,584
Cal-only Signed.....................................     1,072     2,145
Fed Unsigned........................................     1,072     2,145
Cal-only Unsigned...................................     1,072     2,145
All Evaporative-only................................     1,072     2,145
MCs
Fed Signed..........................................       420       840
Cal-only Signed.....................................       420       840
Fed Unsigned........................................       420       840
Cal-only Unsigned...................................       420       840
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec. 86.908-01  Waivers and refunds.

    This section includes text that specifies requirements that differ 
from Sec. 86.908-93. Where a paragraph in

[[Page 715]]

Sec. 86.908-93-01 is identical and applicable to this section, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.908-93.''
    (a) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.908-93.
    (b) Request for refund. The Administrator may refund a specified 
part of any fee imposed by Sec. 86.907 if the applicant fails to obtain 
a signed certificate and requests a refund.
    (1) That portion of the total fee to be refunded will be as follows:

                              [In percent]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             California-
                                                    Federal      only
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LDT..........................................      89.9         69.4
HDE/HDV..........................................      83.0            0
HD--Evaporative only.............................         0            0
MC...............................................         0            0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) For a refund of a portion of a waiver payment due to a decrease 
in the projected retail sales price of the vehicles or engines to be 
covered by the certification request the applicant should submit 
documentation to EPA detailing the waiver fee adjustment.
    (c) Waiver and refund address. A request for a waiver or refund of 
part of a fee shall be submitted in writing by the applicant to the 
Environmental Protection Agency, Vehicle Programs and Compliance 
Division, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

[64 FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.908-93  Waivers and refunds.

    (a) Request for waiver. The Administrator may waive part of any fee 
imposed by Sec. 86.907 of this subpart.
    (1) A waiver will be granted to an applicant if the Administrator 
determines that:
    (i) The certificate is to be used for sale of vehicles or engines 
within the United States; and
    (ii) The full fee for a certification request for a MY exceeds 1% of 
the aggregate projected retail sales price of all vehicles covered by 
that certificate.
    (iii) For converted vehicles that are dual- or flexible-fuel 
vehicles and can operate on a gaseous fuel, the full fee for a 
certification request for a MY exceeds 1% of the value added to the 
vehicle by the conversion, for MY 2000 through 2003.
    (2) The request for waiver must be submitted prior to the payment of 
any fee and shall include evidence, such as prior actual sales, retail 
sales price, and previous waiver requests, clearly showing that the 
applicant satisfies the two waiver criteria. The retail sales price will 
be based on the total projected sales of all vehicles under a 
certificate, including vehicles modified under the modification and test 
option in 40 CFR 85.1509. For an ICI certificate, the retail sales price 
shall be based on the applicable National Automobile Dealer's 
Association (NADA) appraisal guide and/or other evidence of the actual 
market value.
    (3) If a waiver is granted, the fee to be paid by the applicant 
shall be 1% of the aggregate projected retail sales price of the 
vehicles or engines to be covered by the certification request.
    (4) The waiver request will be reviewed by EPA.
    (i) EPA or its designee will analyze each waiver request to 
determine whether the applicant has met the standards for a waiver and 
then will notify the applicant of its grant or denial.
    (ii) If the request is denied, the applicant will have 30 days from 
the date of notification of the denial to submit the appropriate fee to 
EPA or appeal the denial.
    (5) Whenever the aggregate projected retail sales price of the 
vehicles or engines to be covered by the certification request changes 
and/or the certificate which is under a fee waiver expires, the 
applicant, as appropriate:
    (i) Shall submit a filing form with payment of the additional waiver 
fee; or
    (ii) May submit a request for a refund.
    (6) The total waiver fee shall not exceed the full fee amount for 
the applicable certification request type.
    (b) Request for refund. The Administrator may refund a specified 
part of any fee imposed by Sec. 86.907 of this subpart if the applicant 
fails to obtain a signed certificate and requests a refund.
    (1) That portion of the total fee to be refunded will be as follows:

[[Page 716]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              California
                                                    Federal      only
                                                   (percent)   (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LDT..........................................       90.8        76.0
HDE/HDV..........................................       83.0           0
HD-Evaporative only..............................          0           0
MC...............................................          0           0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) For a refund of a portion of a waiver payment due to a decrease 
in the projected retail sales price of the vehicles or engines to be 
covered by the certification request the applicant should submit 
documentation to EPA detailing the waiver fee adjustment.
    (c) Waiver and refund address. A request for a waiver or refund of 
part of a fee shall be submitted in writing by the applicant to the 
Environmental Protection Agency, Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance 
Program, Certification Division, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 
48105.
    (d)(1) For model years 2000 through 2003, the required fees under 
this subpart shall be waived for any light-duty vehicle, light-duty 
truck, or heavy-duty engine family that meets the small volume sales 
requirements of Sec. 86.1838-01 and:
    (i) Is a dedicated gaseous-fueled vehicle or engine OR;
    (ii) Receives a certificate of conformity with the LEV, ILEV, ULEV, 
or ZEV emissions standards in 40 CFR part 88.
    (2) If the manufacturer does not receive a certificate of conformity 
with the LEV, ILEV, ULEV, or ZEV emissions standards in 40 CFR part 88 
as required in paragraph (d)(1)(iii) of this section, the fee 
requirements of this section will apply. Before any certificate can be 
issued, the applicable fee must be paid.
    (3) Manufacturers that have paid certification fees for model year 
2000 vehicle and engine families that meet the criteria in paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section may request a refund of such fees. EPA shall 
refund such fees if it determines that the vehicle or engine family 
meets the criteria of paragraph (d)(1) of this section.

[57 FR 30055, July 7, 1992, as amended at 65 FR 11904, Mar. 7, 2000]



Sec. 86.909-93  Payment.

    (a) All fees required by this section shall be paid by money order, 
bank draft, certified check, corporate check, or electronic funds 
transfer payable in U.S. dollars to the order of the Environmental 
Protection Agency.
    (b) All fees shall be forwarded with the filing form to the EPA to 
the address designated on the filing form.
    (c) An application for which a partial waiver of the fee has been 
requested will not be accepted for processing until the appropriate fee 
has been determined and the balance waived or, if the waiver has been 
denied, the proper fee is submitted after notice of denial.



Sec. 86.910-93  Deficiencies.

    (a) Any filing pursuant to Sec. 86.909 of this subpart that is not 
accompanied by the appropriate filing fee is deficient.
    (b) The Administrator will inform any person who submits a deficient 
filing that:
    (1) Such filing will be rejected and the amount paid refunded, 
unless the appropriate fee is submitted within a specified time;
    (2) EPA will not process any filing that is deficient under this 
section; and
    (3) The date of filing will be deemed the date on which EPA receives 
the appropriate fee.



Sec. 86.911-93  Adjustments of fees.

    (a) The fee schedule will be changed annually by the same percentage 
as the percent change in the CPI for all urban consumers.
    (b) This annual change will occur within 60 days following release 
of the final estimates of the annual average for the CPI for all urban 
consumers by the Department of Labor.
    (c) MVECP costs and fees will periodically be reviewed and changes 
will be made to the schedule as necessary.
    (d) When automatic adjustments are made, based on the CPI, the new 
fee will be published in the Federal Register as a final rule to become 
effective 30 days or more after publication, as specified in the final 
rule.
    (e) When changes are made based on periodic reviews, the changes 
will be subject to public comment.

[[Page 717]]



  Subpart K--Selective Enforcement Auditing of New Heavy-Duty Engines, 
               Heavy-Duty Vehicles, and Light-Duty Trucks

    Source: 45 FR 63772, Sept. 25, 1980, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1001-84  Applicability.

    The provisions of this subpart are applicable for 1984 and later 
model year heavy-duty engines and light-duty trucks.
    (a) Section numbering; construction. (1) The model year of initial 
applicability is indicated by the two digits following the hyphen of the 
section number. A section remains in effect for subsequent model years 
until it is superseded.
    (2) A section reference without a model year suffix shall be 
interpreted to be a reference to the section applicable to the 
appropriate model year.
    (b) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks under the provisions of subpart S of this 
part.

[54 FR 14559, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 62 FR 31238, June 6, 1997; 64 
FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1002-84  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart.
    (b) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein have the 
meaning given them in the Act.
    Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) means the maximum percentage of 
failing engines or vehicles, that for purposes of sampling inspection, 
can be considered satisfactory as a process average.
    Configuration means a subclassification, if any, of a heavy-duty 
engine family for which a separate projected sales figure is listed in 
the manufacturer's Application for Certification and which can be 
described on the basis of emission control system, governed speed, 
injector size, engine calibration, and other parameters which may be 
designated by the Administrator, or a subclassification of a light-duty 
truck engine family/emission control system combination on the basis of 
engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear ratios, 
axle ratio, and other parameters which may be designated by the 
Administrator.
    Compliance level means an emission level determined during a 
Production Compliance Audit pursuant to subpart L of this part.
    Test Sample means the collection of vehicles or engines of the same 
configuration which have been drawn from the population of engines or 
vehicles of that configuration and which will receive exhaust emission 
testing.
    Inspection Criteria means the pass and fail numbers associated with 
a particular sampling plan.
    Test Engine means an engine in a test sample.
    Test Vehicle means a vehicle in a test sample.

[45 FR 63772, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 52207, Nov. 16, 1983; 
50 FR 35386, Aug. 30, 1985]



Sec. 86.1002-97  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart.
    (b) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined in this section 
have the meaning given them in the Act.
    Acceptable quality level (AQL) means the maximum percentage of 
failing engines or vehicles, that for purposes of sampling inspection, 
can be considered satisfactory as a process average.
    Axle ratio means all ratios within 3% of the axle ratio 
specified in the configuration in the test order.
    Compliance level means an emission level determined during a 
Production Compliance Audit pursuant to subpart L of this part.
    Configuration means a subclassification, if any, of a heavy-duty 
engine family for which a separate projected sales figure is listed in 
the manufacturer's Application for Certification and which can be 
described on the basis of emission control system, governed speed, 
injector size, engine calibration, and other parameters which may be 
designated by the Administrator, or a subclassification of a light-duty 
truck engine family/emission control system combination on the basis of 
engine

[[Page 718]]

code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear rations, axle 
ratio, and other parameters which may be designated by the 
Administrator.
    Executive Officer means the Executive Officer of the California Air 
Resources Board or his or her authorized representative.
    Executive Order means the document the Executive Officer grants a 
manufacturer for an engine family that certifies the manufacturer has 
verified the engine family complies with all applicable standards and 
requirements pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations.
    50-state engine family means an engine family that meets both 
federal and California Air Resources Board motor vehicle emission 
control regulations and has received a federal certificate of conformity 
as well as an Executive Order.
    Inspection criteria means the pass and fail numbers associated with 
a particular sampling plan.
    Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
    Test sample means the collection of vehicles or engines of the same 
configuration which have been drawn from the population of engines or 
vehicles of that configuration and which will receive exhaust emission 
testing.
    Test vehicle means a vehicle in a test sample.

[62 FR 31238, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1002-2001  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart.
    (b) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined in this section 
have the meaning given them in the Act.
    (1) Acceptable quality level (AQL) means the maximum percentage of 
failing engines or vehicles, that for purposes of sampling inspection, 
can be considered satisfactory as a process average.
    (2) Compliance level means an emission level determined during a 
Production Compliance Audit pursuant to subpart L of this part.
    (3) Configuration means a subclassification, if any, of a heavy-duty 
engine family for which a separate projected sales figure is listed in 
the manufacturer's Application for Certification and which can be 
described on the basis of emission control system, governed speed, 
injector size, engine calibration and other parameters which may be 
designated by the Administrator, or for light-duty trucks a 
subclassification of a light-duty truck engine family/emission control 
system combination on the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, 
transmission type and gear ratios, axle ratio, and other parameters 
which may be designated by the Administrator and/or a subclassification 
of a light-duty truck evaporative/refueling emission family/emission 
control system.
    (4) Test sample means the collection of vehicles or engines of the 
same configuration which have been drawn from the population of vehicles 
or engines of that configuration and which will receive emission 
testing.
    (5) Inspection criteria means the pass and fail numbers associated 
with a particular sampling plan.
    (6) Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
    (7) Test vehicle means a vehicle in a test sample.
    (8) Axle ratio means all ratios within 3% of the axle 
ratio specified in the configuration in the test order.
    (9) Executive Officer means the Executive Officer of the California 
Air Resources Board or his or her authorized representative.
    (10) Executive Order means the document the Executive Officer grants 
a manufacturer for an engine family that certifies the manufacturer has 
verified the engine family complies with all applicable standards and 
requirements pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations.
    (11) 50-state engine family means an engine family that meets both 
federal and California Air Resources Board motor vehicle emission 
control regulations and has received a federal certificate of conformity 
as well as an Executive Order.

[59 FR 16304, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 31238, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1003-90  Test orders.

    (a) The Administrator shall require any testing under this subpart 
by means of a test order addressed to the manufacturer.

[[Page 719]]

    (b) The test order will be signed by the Assistant Administrator for 
Air and Radiation or his designee. The test order will be delivered in 
person by an EPA Enforcement Officer to a company representative or sent 
by registered mail, return receipt requested, to the manufacturer's 
representative who signs the Application for Certification submitted by 
the manufacturer pursuant to the requirements of this applicable section 
of subpart A of this part. Upon receipt of a test order, the 
manufacturer shall comply with all of the provisions of this subpart and 
instructions in the test order.
    (c)(1) The test order will specify the engine or vehicle 
configuration selected for testing, the manufacturer's vehicle or engine 
assembly plant or associated storage facility from which the engines or 
vehicles must be selected, the time and location at which engines or 
vehicles must be selected, and the procedure by which engines or 
vehicles of the specified configuration must be selected. The test order 
may specify the number of vehicles or engines to be selected per day.
    (i) If the total production of the specified vehicle configuration 
is less than the number specified in the test order, the manufacturer 
will select the actual number of vehicles produced per day.
    (ii) Heavy-duty engine manufacturers will be required to select a 
minimum of four engines per day unless an alternate selection procedure 
is approved pursuant to Sec. 86.1007-84(a) or unless total production of 
the specified configuration is less than four engines per day. If total 
production of the specified configuration is less than four engines per 
day, the manufacturer will select the actual number of engines produced 
that day.
    (2) The test order may include alternative configurations to be 
selected for testing in the event that engines or vehicles of the 
specified configuration are not available for testing because those 
engines or vehicles are not being manufactured during the specified 
time, or not being stored at the specified assembly plant or associated 
storage facilities.
    (3) If the specified configuration is not being manufactured at a 
rate of at least four vehicles per day, in the case of light-duty truck 
manufacturers, two engines per day, in the case of heavy-duty engine 
manufacturers specified in paragraph (g)(1) of Sec. 86.1008-84 or one 
engine per day, in the case of heavy-duty engine manufacturers specified 
in paragraph (g)(2) of Sec. 86.1008-90, over the expected duration of 
the audit, the Assistant Administrator or his designated representative 
may select engines or vehicles of the alternate configuration for 
testing.
    (4) In addition, the test order may include other directions or 
information essential to the administration of the required testing.
    (d) A manufacturer may submit a list of engine families and the 
corresponding assembly plants or associated storage facilities from 
which the manufacturer prefers to have engines or vehicles selected for 
testing or response to a test order. In order that a manufacturer's 
preferred location be considered for inclusion in a test order for a 
configuration of a particular engine family, the list must be submitted 
prior to issuance of the test order. Notwithstanding the fact that a 
manufacturer has submitted the above list, the Administrator may order 
selection at other than a preferred location.
    (e) Upon receipt of a test order, a manufacturer shall proceed in 
accordance with the provisions of this subpart.
    (f)(1) During a given model year, the Administrator shall not issue 
to a manufacturer more Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) test orders 
than an annual limit determined by the following:
    (i) For manufacturers of heavy-duty engines, either petroleum-fueled 
or methanol-fueled, the number determined by dividing the projected 
heavy-duty engine sales bound for the United States market for that 
year, as made by the manufacturer in its Application for Certification, 
by 30,000 and rounding to the nearest whole number, unless the projected 
sales are less than 15,000, in which case the number is one;
    (ii) For manufacturers of petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled light-
duty trucks, the number determined by dividing the projected light-duty 
truck sales bound for the United States market for that model year, as 
made by

[[Page 720]]

the manufacturer in its report submitted under paragraph (a)(2) of 
Sec. 600.207-80 of the Automobile Fuel Economy Regulations, by 300,000 
and rounding to the nearest whole number, unless the projected sales are 
less than 150,000, in which case the number is one.
    (iii) If a manufacturer submits to EPA in writing prior to or during 
the model year a reliable sales projection update, that update will be 
used for recalculating the manufacturer's annual limit of SEA test 
orders.
    (2) Any SEA test order for which the configuration fails in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1010 or for which testing is not completed will 
not be counted against the annual limit.
    (3) When the annual limit has been met, the Administrator may issue 
additional test orders for those configurations for which evidence 
exists indicating noncompliance. An SEA test order issued on this basis 
will include a statement as to the reason for its issuance.

[54 FR 14559, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1003-97  Test orders.

    Section 86.1003-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Sec. 86.1003-90. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.1003-90 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1003-97, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1003-90.''
    (a) through (f) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1003-90.
    (g) In the event evidence exists indicating an engine family is in 
noncompliance, the Administrator may, in addition to other powers 
provided by this section, issue a test order specifying the engine 
family the manufacturer is required to test.

[62 FR 31238, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1003-2001  Test orders.

    Section 86.1003-2001 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1003-88. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1003-88 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1003-2001, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1003-88.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.1003-88 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''.
    (a) through (c)(1)(ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1003-88.
    (c)(1)(iii) Heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers will be required to 
select a minimum of four vehicles per day unless an alternate selection 
procedure is approved pursuant to Sec. 86.1007-84(a) or unless total 
production of the specified configuration is less than four vehicles per 
day. If total production of the specified configuration is less than 
four vehicles per day, the manufacturer will select the actual number of 
vehicles produced per day.
    (2) The test order may include alternative configurations to be 
selected for testing in the event that engines or vehicles of the 
specified configuration are not available for testing because those 
engines or vehicles are not being manufactured during the specified 
time, or not being stored at the specified assembly plant or associated 
storage facilities.
    (3) If the specified configuration is not being manufactured at a 
rate of at least four vehicles per day, in the case of light-duty truck 
manufacturers, two heavy-duty engines or heavy-duty vehicles, in the 
case of heavy-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine manufacturers specified 
in Sec. 86.1008-2001(g)(1), or one engine or heavy-duty vehicle per day, 
in the case of heavy-duty vehicle or engine manufacturers specified in 
Sec. 86.1008-2001(g)(2), over the expected duration of the audit, the 
Assistant Administrator or a designated representative may select 
engines or vehicles of an alternate configuration for testing.
    (4) In addition, the test order may include other directions or 
information essential to the administration of the required testing.
    (d) A manufacturer may submit a list of engine families and, if 
applicable, evaporative/refueling families and the corresponding 
assembly plants or associated storage facilities from which the 
manufacturer prefers to have engines or vehicles selected for testing in 
response to a test order. In order that a manufacturer's preferred 
location be considered for inclusion in a test order

[[Page 721]]

for a configuration of a particular engine family and/or evaporative/
refueling family, the list must be submitted prior to issuance of the 
test order. Notwithstanding the fact that a manufacturer has submitted 
the above list, the Administrator may, upon making the determination 
that evidence exists indicating noncompliance at other than the 
manufacturer's preferred plant, order testing at such other plant where 
vehicles of the configuration specified in the test order are assembled.
    (e) Upon receipt of a test order, a manufacturer shall proceed in 
accordance with the provisions of this subpart.
    (f)(1) During a given model year, the Administrator shall not issue 
to a manufacturer more Selective Enforcement Auditing (SEA) test orders 
than the annual limit determined by the following:
    (i) For manufacturers of heavy-duty engines or vehicles, either 
gasoline-fueled or diesel, the number determined by dividing the 
projected sales bound for the United States market for that year, as 
made by the manufacturer in its Application for Certification, by 30,000 
and rounded to the nearest whole number, unless the projected sales are 
less than 15,000, in which case the number is one;
    (f)(1)(ii) through (f)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1003-
88.
    (g) In the event evidence exists indicating an engine family is in 
noncompliance, the Administrator may, in addition to other powers 
provided by this section, issue a test order specifying the engine 
family the manufacturer is required to test.

[59 FR 16305, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 31238, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1004-84  Testing by the Administrator.

    (a) The Administrator may require by test order that engines or 
vehicles of a specified configuration be selected in a manner consistent 
with the requirements of Sec. 86.1007-84 and submitted to him at such 
place as he may designate for the purpose of conducting emission tests. 
These tests will be conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.1008-84 of 
these regulations to determine whether engines or vehicles manufactured 
by the manufacturer conform with the regulations with respect to which 
the certificate of conformity was issued.
    (b)(1) Whenever the Administrator conducts a test on a test engine 
or vehicle or the Administrator and manufacturer each conduct a test on 
the same test engine or vehicle, the results of the Administrator's test 
will comprise the official data for that engine or vehicle.
    (2) Whenever the manufacturer conducts all tests on a test engine or 
vehicle, the manufacturer's test data will be accepted as the official 
data: Provided, That if the Administrator makes a determination based on 
testing under paragraph (a) of this section that there is a substantial 
lack of agreement between the manufacturer's test results and the 
Administrator's test results, no manufacturer's test data from the 
manufacturer's test facility will be accepted for purposes of this 
subpart.
    (c) If testing conducted under paragraph (a) of this section 
demonstrates a lack of agreement under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, 
the Administrator shall:
    (1) Notify the manufacturer in writing of his determination that the 
test facility is inappropriate for conducting the tests required by this 
subpart and the reasons therefor; and
    (2) Reinstate any manufacturer's data upon a showing by the 
manufacturer that the data acquired under paragraph (a) of this section 
was erroneous and the manufacturer's data was correct.
    (d) The manufacturer may request in writing that the Administrator 
reconsider his determination in paragraph (b)(2) of this section based 
on data or information which indicates that changes have been made to 
the test facility and these changes have resolved the reasons for 
disqualification.



Sec. 86.1005-90  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.

    (a) The manufacturer of any new petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty engine or light-duty truck subject to any of the provisions 
of this subpart shall establish, maintain, and retain the following 
adequately organized and indexed records:

[[Page 722]]

    (1) General records. A description of all equipment used to test 
engines or vehicles in accordance with Sec. 86.1008 pursuant to a test 
order issued under this subpart, specifically:
    (i) If testing heavy-duty gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled Otto-
cycle engines, the equipment requirements specified in Secs. 86.1306 and 
86.1506 of this part;
    (ii) If testing heavy-duty petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled 
diesel engines, the equipment requirements specified in Secs. 86.1306-
84, 86.884-8, and 86.884-9 of this part;
    (iii) If testing gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled Ottocycle light-
duty trucks, the equipment requirements specified in Sec. 86.106 
(excluding all references to evaporative and particulate emission 
testing), Sec. 86.206, and Sec. 86.1506-84 of this subpart; and
    (iv) If testing petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled diesel light-
duty trucks, the equipment requirements specified in Secs. 86.106 
(excluding all references to evaporative emission testing) and 86.1506-
83 of this part.
    (2) Individual records. These records pertain to each audit 
conducted pursuant to this subpart.
    (i) The date, time, and location of each test;
    (ii) The number of hours of service accumulated on each engine or 
the number of miles on the vehicle when the test began and ended;
    (iii) The names of all supervisory personnel involved in the conduct 
of the audit;
    (iv) A record and description of any repairs performed prior to and/
or subsequent to approval by the Administrator, giving the date and time 
of the repair, the reason for it, the person authorizing it, and the 
names of all supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the 
repair;
    (v) The date when the engine or vehicle was shipped from the 
assembly plant or associated storage facility and when it was received 
at the testing facility;
    (vi) A complete record of all emission tests performed pursuant to 
this subpart (except tests performed by EPA directly), including all 
individual worksheets and/or other documentation relating to each test, 
or exact copies thereof, specifically
    (A) If testing gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-
duty engines, the record requirements specified in Secs. 86.1342 and 
86.1542 of this part;
    (B) If testing petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled diesel heavy-duty 
engines, the record requirements specified in Secs. 86.1342, 86.1542, 
and 86.884-10;
    (C) If testing gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled Ottocycle light-
duty trucks, the record requirements specified in Sec. 86.142 (excluding 
all references to diesel vehicles), Sec. 86.242, and Sec. 86.1542; and
    (D) If testing petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled diesel light-duty 
trucks, the record requirements specified in Sec. 86.142; and
    (vii) A brief description of any significant audit events commencing 
with the test engine or vehicle selection process, but not described by 
any subparagraph under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, including such 
extraordinary events as engine damage during shipment or vehicle 
accident.
    (viii) A paper copy of the driver's trace for each test.
    (3) The manufacturer shall record test equipment description, 
pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section, for each test cell that 
can be used to perform emission testing under this subpart.
    (b) The manufacturer shall retain all records required to be 
maintained under this subpart for a period of one (1) year after 
completion of all testing in response to a test order. Records may be 
retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, punch cards, etc., 
depending upon the manufacturer's record retention procedure: Provided, 
that in every case all information contained in the hard copy is 
retained.
    (c) Pursuant to a request made by the Administrator, the 
manufacturer shall submit to him the following information with regard 
to engine or vehicle production:
    (1) Number of engines or vehicles, by configuration and assembly 
plant, scheduled for production for the time period designated in the 
request.

[[Page 723]]

    (2) Number of engines or vehicles, by configuration and assembly 
plan, produced during the time period designated in the request which 
are complete form introduction into commerce.
    (d) Nothing in this section limits the Administrator's discretion in 
requiring the manufacturer to retain additional records or submit 
information not specifically required by this section.
    (e) The manufacturer shall address all reports, submissions, 
notifications, and requests for approvals made under this subpart to: 
Director, Manufacturers Operations Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, EN-340, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460.

[54 FR 14560, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 57 FR 31922, July 17, 1992]



Sec. 86.1006-84  Entry and access.

    (a) To allow the Administrator to determine whether a manufacturer 
is complying with the provisions of this subpart and a test order issued 
thereunder, EPA Enforcement Officers are authorized to enter during 
operating hours and upon presentation of credentials any of the 
following:
    (1) Any facility where any engine or vehicle to be introduced into 
commerce or any emission related component is manufactured, assembled, 
or stored;
    (2) Any facility where any tests conducted pursuant to a test order 
or any procedures or activities connected with these tests are or were 
performed;
    (3) Any facility where any engine or vehicle which is being tested, 
was tested, or will be tested is present; and
    (4) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any 
of the above is located.
    (b) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (a) of 
this section, EPA Enforcement Officers are authorized to perform the 
following inspection-related activities:
    (1) To inspect and monitor any aspects of engine or vehicle 
manufacture, assembly, storage, testing and other procedures, and the 
facilities in which these procedures are conducted;
    (2) To inspect and monitor any aspect of engine or vehicle test 
procedures or activities, including, but not limited to, monitoring 
engine or vehicle selection, preparation, service or mileage 
accumulation, preconditioning, emission test cycles, and maintenance; 
and to verify calibration of test equipment;
    (3) To inspect and make copies of any records or documents related 
to the assembly, storage, selection and testing of an engine or vehicle 
in compliance with a test order; and
    (4) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any engine or 
vehicle and any component used in the assembly thereof that is 
reasonably related to the purpose of the entry.
    (c) EPA Enforcement Officers are authorized to obtain reasonable 
assistance without cost from those in charge of a facility to help them 
perform any function listed in this subpart and are authorized to 
request the recipient of a test order to make arrangements with those in 
charge of a facility operated for its benefit to furnish reasonable 
assistance without cost to EPA whether or not the recipient controls the 
facility.
    (d) EPA Enforcement Officers are authorized to seek a warrant or 
court order authorizing the EPA Enforcement Officers to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section, as 
appropriate, to execute the functions specified in this section. EPA 
Enforcement Officers may proceed ex parte to obtain a warrant whether or 
not the Enforcement Officers first attempted to seek permission of the 
recipient of the test order or the party in charge of the facilities in 
question to conduct activities related to entry and access as authorized 
in this section.
    (e) A recipient of a test order shall permit EPA Enforcement 
Officers who present a warrant or court order as described in paragraph 
(d) of this section to conduct activities related to entry and access as 
authorized in this section and as described in the warrant or court 
order. The recipient shall cause those in charge of its facility or a 
facility operated for its benefit to permit EPA Enforcement Officers to 
conduct activities related to entry and access as authorized in this 
section pursuant to a warrant or court order whether or not the 
recipient controls the facility. In the absence of such a warrant or 
court order, EPA Enforcement Officers may conduct activities related to 
entry

[[Page 724]]

and access as authorized in this section only upon the consent of the 
recipient of the test order or the party in charge of the facilities in 
question.
    (f) It is not a violation of this part or the Clean Air Act for any 
person to refuse to permit EPA Enforcement Officers to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section 
without a warrant or court order.
    (g) A manufacturer is responsible for locating its foreign testing 
and manufacturing facilities in jurisdictions in which local foreign law 
does not prohibit EPA Enforcement Officers from conducting the entry and 
access activities specified in this section. EPA will not attempt to 
make any inspections which it has been informed that local foreign law 
prohibits.
    (h) For purposes of this section, the following definitions are 
applicable:
    (1) Presentation of Credentials means display of the document 
designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer.
    (2) Where engine or vehicle storage areas or facilities are 
concerned, operating hours means all times during which personnel other 
than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of the area or 
facility and have access to it.
    (3) Where facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph 
(h)(2) of this section are concerned, operating hours means all times 
during which an assembly line is in operation, engine or vehicle 
assembly is taking place, testing, repair, service accumulation, 
production or compilation of records is taking place, or any other 
procedure or activity related to engine or vehicle manufacture, assembly 
or testing is being carried out in a facility.
    (4) Reasonable assistance includes, but is not limited to, clerical, 
copying, interpreting and translating services, and the making available 
on an EPA Enforcement Officer's request of personnel of the facility 
being inspected during their working hours to inform the EPA Enforcement 
Officer of how the facility operates and to answer his or her questions. 
Any employee whom an EPA Enforcement Officer requests the manufacturer 
to cause to appear for questioning will be entitled to be accompanied, 
represented and advised by counsel.

[45 FR 63772, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 52208, Nov. 16, 1983]



Sec. 86.1007-84  Sample selection.

    (a) Engines or vehicles comprising a test sample which are required 
to be tested, pursuant to a test order issued in accordance with this 
subpart, will be selected at the location and in the manner specified in 
the test order. If a manufacturer determines that the test engines or 
vehicles cannot be selected in the manner specified in the test order, 
an alternative selection procedure may be employed: Provided, That the 
manufacturer requests approval of the alternative procedure in advance 
of the start of test sample selection and that the Administrator 
approves the procedure.
    (b) The manufacturer shall have assembled the test engines or 
vehicles of the configuration selected for testing using its normal mass 
production process for engines or vehicles to be distributed into 
commerce. During the audit, the manufacturer shall inform the 
Administrator of any change(s) implemented in its production processes, 
including quality control, which may reasonably be expected to affect 
the emissions of the vehicles or engines selected, between the time the 
manufacturer is notified of a test order and the time the manufacturer 
finishes selecting test vehicles or engines. In the case of heavy-duty 
engines, if the test engines are selected at a location where they do 
not have their operational and emission control systems installed, the 
test order will specify the manner and location for selection of 
components to complete assembly of the engines. The manufacturer shall 
assemble these components onto the test engines using normal assembly 
and quality control procedures as documented by the manufacturer.
    (c) No quality control, testing, or assembly procedures will be used 
on the completed test engine or vehicle or any portion thereof, 
including parts and subassemblies, that has not been or will not be used 
during the production and assembly of all other engines or vehicles of 
that configuration, except, that the Administrator may approve a

[[Page 725]]

modification in the normal assembly procedures pursuant to paragraph (b) 
of this section.
    (d) The test order may specify that EPA Enforcement Officers, rather 
than the manufacturer, will select the test engines or vehicles 
according to the method specified in the test order.
    (e) The order in which test engines or vehicles are selected 
determines the order in which test results are to be used in applying 
the sampling plan in accordance with Sec. 86.1010-84.
    (f) The manufacturer shall keep on hand all untested engines or 
vehicles, if any, comprising the test sample until such time as a pass 
or fail decision is reached in accordance with Sec. 86.1010-84(d). The 
manufacturer may ship any tested engine or vehicle which has not failed 
in accordance with Sec. 86.1010-84(b). However, once the manufacturer 
ships any test engine or vehicle, it relinquishes the prerogative to 
conduct retests as provided in Sec. 86.1008-84(i).

[45 FR 63772, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 52208, Nov. 16, 1983]



Sec. 86.1008-90  Test procedures.

    (a)(1)(i) For heavy-duty engines, the prescribed test procedure is 
the Federal Test Procedure, as described in subparts N, I, and P of this 
part.
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles with a GVW of less than 14,000 pounds 
(6,400 kilograms), the prescribed test procedure is the Fuel Dispensing 
Spitback Test as described in 86.1246-96 of this part. The test for fuel 
spitback is conducted as a stand-alone test, thus all references to the 
test sequence described in figure M96-1 of subpart M of this part can be 
ignored.
    (iii) During the testing of heavy-duty diesel engines, the 
manufacturer shall decide for each engine, prior to the start of the 
initial cold cycle, whether the measurement of background particulate is 
required for the cold and hot cycles to be valid. The manufacturer may 
choose to have different requirements for the cold and hot cycles. If a 
manufacturer chooses to require the measurement of background 
particulate, failure to measure background particulate shall void the 
test cycle regardless of the test results. If a test cycle is void, the 
manufacturer shall retest using the same validity requirements of the 
initial test.
    (2) For light-duty trucks, the prescribed test procedure is the 
Federal Test Procedure as described in subparts B, P, and/or C of this 
part. The manufacturer shall not perform the evaporative emission test 
procedures contained in subpart B of this part. The Administrator may, 
based on advance application by a manufacturer, approve optional test 
procedures for use in Selective Enforcement Audit testing.
    (3) When testing light-duty trucks the following exceptions to the 
test procedures in subpart B are applicable:
    (i) For mileage accumulation, the manufacturer may use test fuel 
meeting the specifications of mileage and service accumulation fuels of 
Sec. 86.113. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use fuels other than those 
specified in this section only with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel 
at other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified 
in Sec. 86.131-96(a) with only a single temperature sensor, and may 
drain the test fuel from other than the lowest point of the tank, as 
specified in Sec. 86.131-96(b), provided an equivalent method is used. 
Equivalency documentation shall be maintained by the manufacturers and 
shall be made available to the Administrator upon request.
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on SEA 
test vehicles other than the preconditioning specified in Sec. 86.132 
only if the additional preconditioning had been performed on 
certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (iv) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative canister 
preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the 
manufacturer shall perform the heat build procedure 11 to 34 hours 
following vehicle preconditioning rather than according to the time 
period specified in Sec. 86.133-90(a). All references in Sec. 86.133-90 
to an evaporative emission enclosure (SHED) and analyzing for HC during 
the heat build can be ignored.
    (v) The manufacturer may substitute slave tires for the drive wheel 
tires on the vehicle as specified in paragraph (e)

[[Page 726]]

of Sec. 86.135-90: Provided, that the slave tires are the same size.
    (vi) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative canister 
preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the cold start 
exhaust test described in Sec. 86.137 shall follow the heat build 
procedure described in Sec. 86.133-90 by not more than one hour.
    (vii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140.
    (A) When testing diesel vehicles or methanol-fueled vehicles, the 
manufacturer shall allow a minimum of 20 minutes warm-up for the HC 
analyzer, and a minimum of 2 hours warm-up for the CO, CO2 
and NOX analyzers. (Power is normally left on infrared and 
chemiluminescent analyzers. When not in use, the chopper motors of the 
infrared analyzers are turned off and the phototube high voltage supply 
to the chemiluminescent analyzers is placed in the standby position.)
    (B) The manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from 
condensing in the sample collection bags.
    (viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142, since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of subpart 
K of this part.
    (ix) In addition to the requirements of subpart B of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles and methanol-fueled 
vehicles as follows prior to exhaust emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.5 + 0.5 inches of water to the fuel system, allowing the 
pressure to stabilize, and isolating the fuel system from the pressure 
source. Following isolation of the fuel system, pressure must not drop 
more than 2.0 inches of water in five minutes. If required, the 
manufacturer shall perform corrective action in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1008 and report this action in accordance with Sec. 86.1009.
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative emission control 
system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except to comply with paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section 
if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (4) The Administrator, may on the basis of a written application by 
a manufacturer, prescribe minor test procedure variations from those set 
forth in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section for any heavy-duty 
engine.
    (5) When testing light-duty trucks, the following exceptions to the 
test procedures in subpart C of this part are applicable:
    (i) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel at 
other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank as specified in 
Sec. 86.231(a) and may drain the test fuel from other than the lowest 
point of the fuel tank as specified in Sec. 86.231(b) provided an 
equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall be maintained 
by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the Administrator 
upon request.
    (ii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.240, the 
manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from condensing in 
the sample collection bags.
    (iii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.242 since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of subpart 
K of this part.
    (iv) In addition to the requirements of subpart C of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles as follows prior to 
exhaust emission testing.
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 kPa) 
in the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the 
fuel system from the pressure sources. Following isolation of the fuel 
system, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 kPa) 
in 5 minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective 
action in accordance with paragraph Sec. 86.1008(d) and report this 
action in accordance with paragraph Sec. 86.1009(d).
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise

[[Page 727]]

care to neither purge nor load the evaporative emission control system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except if approved in advance by the Administrator to 
comply with paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section.
    (b)(1) The manufacturer shall not adjust, repair, prepare, or modify 
the engines or vehicles selected for testing and shall not perform any 
emission tests on engines or vehicles selected for testing and shall not 
perform any emission tests on engines or vehicles selected for testing 
pursuant to the test order unless this adjustment, repair, preparation, 
modification, and/or tests are documented in the manufacturer's engine 
or vehicle assembly and inspection procedures and are actually performed 
or unless these adjustments and/or test are required or permitted under 
this subpart or are approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (2) For 1984 and later model years the Administrator may adjust or 
cause to be adjusted any engine parameter which the Administrator has 
determined to be subject to adjustment for certification, Selective 
Enforcement Audit, and Production Compliance Audit testing in accordance 
with Sec. 86.090-22(e)(1), to any setting within the physically 
adjustable range of that parameter, as determined by the Administrator 
in accordance with Sec. 86.090-22(e)(3)(ii), prior to the performance of 
any tests. However, if the idle speed parameter is one which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment, the 
Administrator shall not adjust it to any setting which causes a lower 
engine idle speed than would have been possible within the physically 
adjustable range of the idle speed parameter if the manufacturer had 
accumulated 125 hours of service on the engine or 4,000 miles on the 
vehicle under paragraph (c) of this section, all other parameters being 
identically adjusted for the purpose of the comparison. The manufacturer 
may be requested to supply information to establish such an alternative 
minimum idle speed. The Administrator, in making or specifying these 
adjustments, may consider the effect of the deviation from the 
manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions performance 
characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar settings will 
occur on in-use heavy-duty engines or light-duty trucks. In determining 
likelihood, the Administrator may consider factors such as, but not 
limited to, the effect of the adjustment on engine or vehicle 
performance characteristics and surveillance information from similar 
in-use engines or vehicles.
    (c) Prior to performing exhaust emission testing on an SEA test 
engine, the manufacturer may accumulate on each engine a number of hours 
of service equal to the greater of 125 hours or the number of hours the 
manufacturer accumulated during certification on the emission-data 
engine corresponding to the configuration specified in the test order. 
Prior to performing exhaust emission testing on an SEA test vehicle, the 
manufacturer may accumulate a number of miles equal to the greater of 
4,000 miles or the number of miles the manufacturer accumulated during 
certification on the emission data vehicle corresponding to the 
configuration specified in the test order.
    (1) Service or mileage accumulation must be performed in a manner 
using good engineering judgment to obtain emission results 
representative of normal production vehicles. This service or mileage 
accumulation must be consistent with the new vehicle break-in 
instructions contained in the applicable vehicle owner's manual, if any.
    (2) The manufacturer shall accumulate service at a minimum rate of 
16 hours per engine or mileage at a minimum rate of 300 miles per 
vehicle during each 24-hour period, unless otherwise provided by the 
Administrator.
    (i) The first 24 hour period for service or mileage accumulation 
shall begin as soon as authorization checks, inspections and 
preparations are completed on each engine or vehicle.
    (ii) The minimum service or mileage accumulation rate does not apply 
on weekends or holidays.
    (iii) If the manufacturer's service or mileage accumulation target 
is less than the minimum rate specified (16 hours or 300 miles per day), 
then the minimum daily accumulation rate shall be equal to the 
manufacturer's

[[Page 728]]

service or mileage accumulation target.
    (3) Service or mileage accumulation shall be completed on a 
sufficient number of test engines or vehicles during consecutive 24-hour 
periods to assure that the number of engines or vehicles tested per day 
fulfills the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.
    (d) The manufacturer shall not perform any maintenance on test 
vehicles or engines after selection for testing, nor shall the 
Administrator allow deletion of any test vehicle or engine from the test 
sequence, unless requested by the manufacturer, and approved by the 
Administrator before any test vehicle or engine maintenance or deletion.
    (e) The manufacturer shall expeditiously ship test engines or 
vehicles from the point of selection to the test facility. If the test 
facility is not located at or in close proximity to the point of 
selection, the manufacturer shall assure that test engines or vehicles 
arrive at the test facility within 24 hours of selection: Except, that 
the Administrator may approve more time based upon a request by the 
manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
    (f) If an engine or vehicle cannot complete the service or mileage 
accumulation or emission test because of a malfunction, the manufacturer 
may request that the Administrator authorize the repair of that engine 
or vehicle or its deletion from the test sequence.
    (g) Whenever a manufacturer conducts testing pursuant to a test 
order issued under this subpart, the manufacturer shall notify the 
Administrator within one working day of receipt of the test order which 
test facility will be used to comply with the test order. If no test 
cells are available at a desired facility, the manufacturer must provide 
alternate testing capability satisfactory to the Administrator.
    (1) Heavy-duty engine manufacturers with projected sales for the 
United States market for that year of 30,000 or greater shall complete 
emission testing at their facility on a minimum of two engines per 24-
hour period, including each voided test and each diesel engine smoke 
test.
    (2) Heavy-duty engine manufacturers with projected sales for the 
United States market for that year of less than 30,000 shall complete 
emission testing at their facility on a minimum of one engine per 24-
hour period, including each voided test and each diesel engine smoke 
test.
    (3) Light-duty truck manufacturers shall complete emission testing 
at their facility on a minimum of four engines per 24-hour period, 
including each voided test.
    (4) The Administrator may approve a lower daily rate of conducting 
emission tests based upon a request by a satisfactory justification.
    (h) The manufacturer shall perform test engine or vehicle selection, 
shipping, preparation, service or mileage accumulation, and testing in 
such a manner as to assure that the audit is performed in an expeditious 
manner.
    (i) The manufacturer may retest any engines or vehicles tested 
during a Selective Enforcement Audit once a fail decision for the audit 
has been reached in accordance with Sec. 86.1010-84(d) based on the 
first test on each engine or vehicle: Except, that the Administrator may 
approve retesting at other times based upon a request by the 
manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification. The 
manufacturer may test each engine or vehicle a total of three times. The 
manufacturer shall test each engine or vehicle the same number of times. 
The manufacturer may accumulate additional service or mileage before 
conducting a retest, subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section.

[54 FR 14560, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 57 FR 31922, July 17, 1992; 
58 FR 16046, Mar. 24, 1993; 62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1008-96  Test procedures.

    Section 86.1008-96 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1008-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1008-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1008-96, this is indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.1008-90 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a)(1)(i) For heavy-duty engines, the prescribed test procedure is 
the Federal

[[Page 729]]

Test Procedure, as described in subparts N, I, and P of this part.
    (ii) During the testing of heavy-duty diesel engines, the 
manufacturer shall decide for each engine, prior to the start of the 
initial cold cycle, whether the measurement of background particulate is 
required for the cold and hot cycles to be valid. The manufacturer may 
choose to have different requirements for the cold and hot cycles. If a 
manufacturer chooses to require the measurement of background 
particulate, failure to measure background particulate shall void the 
test cycle regardless of the test results. If a test cycle is void, the 
manufacturer shall retest using the same validity requirements of the 
initial test.
    (2) For light-duty trucks, the prescribed test procedures are the 
FTP as described in subparts B, C, and P of this part and the CST as 
described in subpart O of this part. The manufacturer may not perform 
the evaporative emission test procedure contained in subpart B. The 
Administrator may, based on advance application by a manufacturer, 
approve optional test procedures for use in Selective Enforcement Audit 
Testing.
    (3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.
    (4) When testing light-duty trucks the following exception to the 
test procedures in subpart O of this part is applicable: manufacturer 
need not comply with Sec. 86.1442, since the records required therein 
are provided under other provisions of subpart K of this part.
    (ii) In addition to the requirements of subpart O of this part the 
manufacturer must prepare vehicles as described in paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) 
(A) through (C) of this section prior to exhaust emission testing.
    (A) The manufacturer must inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.5  0.5 inches of water to the fuel system, 
allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating the fuel system from 
the pressure source. Pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of 
water in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer performs corrective 
action in accordance with this section and must report this action in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1009.
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer must 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative system.
    (C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution.
    (5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.
    (6) The Administrator may select and prescribe the sequence of any 
CSTs. Further, the Administrator may, on the basis of a written 
application by a manufacturer, prescribe minor test procedure variations 
from those set forth in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section for 
any heavy-duty engine or light-duty truck.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.

[58 FR 58425, Nov. 1, 1993, as amended at 62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1008-97  Test procedures.

    Section 86.1008-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.1008-90 and 86.1008-96. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.1008-90 or Sec. 86.1008-96 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.1008-97, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1008-90.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-96.''
    (a)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-96.
    (2) For light-duty trucks, the prescribed test procedures are the 
Federal Test Procedure, as described in subpart B and/or subpart R of 
this part, whichever is applicable, the idle CO test procedure as 
described in subpart P of this part, the cold temperature CO test 
procedure as described in subpart C of this part, and the Certification 
Short Test procedure as described in subpart O of this part. Where the 
manufacturer conducts testing based on the requirements specified in 
Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), 
the prescribed test procedures are the procedures cited in the previous

[[Page 730]]

sentence, or substantially similar procedures, as determined by the 
Administrator. The California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the 
National Low Emission Vehicle Program are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1). For purposes of Selective Enforcement Audit testing, the 
manufacturer shall not be required to perform any of the test procedures 
in subpart B of this part relating to evaporative emission testing, 
except as specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. The 
Administrator may select and prescribe the sequence of any Certification 
Short Tests. Further, the Administrator may, on the basis of a written 
application by a manufacturer, approve optional test procedures other 
than those in subparts B, C, P, and O of this part for any motor vehicle 
which is not susceptible to satisfactory testing using the procedures in 
subparts B, C, P, and O of this part.
    (3) When testing light-duty trucks the following exceptions to the 
test procedures in subpart B and/or subpart R of this part are 
applicable:
    (i) For mileage accumulation, the manufacturer may use test fuel 
meeting the specifications for mileage and service accumulation fuels of 
Sec. 86.113-94, or, for vehicles certified to the National LEV 
standards, the specifications of Sec. 86.1771. Otherwise, the 
manufacturer may use fuels other than those specified in this section 
only with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (ii) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on 
Selective Enforcement Audit test vehicles other than the preconditioning 
specified in Sec. 86.132, or Sec. 86.1773 for vehicles certified to the 
National LEV standards, only if the additional preconditioning had been 
performed on certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (a)(3)(iv) through (a)(3)(vii) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1008-90.
    (a)(3)(viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142 or 
Sec. 86.1775, since the records required therein are provided under 
other provisions of this subpart.
    (a)(3)(ix) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.
    (a)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-96.
    (5) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.
    (6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-96.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1008-90.

[62 FR 31238, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1008-2001  Test procedures.

    (a)(1)(i) For heavy-duty engines, the prescribed test procedure is 
the Federal Test Procedure as described in subparts N, I, and P of this 
part. The Administrator, may on the basis of a written application by a 
manufacturer, approve optional test procedures other than those in 
subparts N, I, and P of this part for any heavy-duty vehicle which is 
not susceptible to satisfactory testing using the procedures in subparts 
N, I, and P of this part.
    (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles the prescribed test procedures are the 
Fuel Dispensing Spitback Test as described in Sec. 86.1246-96 (for HDVs 
with a GVW of less than 14,000 pounds (6,400 kilograms)); this test for 
fuel spitback is conducted as a stand alone test, thus all references to 
the test sequence described in figure M96-1 of subpart M of this part 
can be ignored. Further, the Administrator may, on the basis of a 
written application by a manufacturer, approve optional test procedures 
other than those in subpart M of this part for any heavy-duty vehicle 
which is not susceptible to satisfactory testing using the procedures in 
subpart M of this part.
    (iii) During the testing of heavy-duty diesel engines, the 
manufacturer shall decide for each engine, prior to the start of the 
initial cold cycle, whether the measurement of background particulate is 
required for the cold and hot cycles to be valid. The manufacturer may 
choose to have different requirements for the cold and hot cycles. If a 
manufacturer chooses to require the measurement of background 
particulate, failure to measure background particulate shall void the 
test cycle regardless of the test results. If a test cycle is void, the 
manufacturer shall retest using the same validity requirements of the 
initial test.

[[Page 731]]

    (2) For light-duty trucks, the prescribed test procedures are the 
Federal Test Procedure as described in subpart B and/or subpart R of 
this part, whichever is applicable, the idle CO test procedure as 
described in subpart P of this part, the cold temperature CO test 
procedure as described in subpart C of this part, and the Certification 
Short Test procedure as described in subpart O of this part. For 
purposes of Selective Enforcement Audit Testing, the manufacturer shall 
not be required to perform any of the test procedures in subpart B of 
this part relating to evaporative emission testing, other than refueling 
emissions testing, except as specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section. The Administrator may select and prescribe the sequence of any 
CSTs. Further, the Administrator may, on the basis of a written 
application by a manufacturer, approve optional test procedures other 
than those in subparts B, C, P, O, and R of this part for any motor 
vehicle which is not susceptible to satisfactory testing using the 
procedures in subparts B, C, P, O, and R of this part.
    (3) When testing light-duty trucks, the following exceptions to the 
test procedures in subpart B and/or subpart R of this part are 
applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing:
    (i) For mileage accumulation, the manufacturer may use test fuel 
meeting the specifications for mileage and service accumulation fuels of 
Sec. 86.113, or, for vehicles certified to the National LEV standards, 
the specifications of Sec. 86.1771. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use 
fuels other than those specified in this section only with the advance 
approval of the Administrator.
    (ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel 
at other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified 
in Sec. 86.131-96(a) with only a single temperature sensor, and may 
drain the test fuel from other than the lowest point of the tank, as 
specified in Sec. 86.131-96(b) and Sec. 86.152-98(a), provided an 
equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall be maintained 
by the manufacturer and shall be made available upon request.
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on SEA 
test vehicles other than the preconditioning specified in Sec. 86.132, 
or Sec. 86.1773 for vehicles certified to the National LEV standards, 
only if the additional preconditioning was performed on certification 
test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (iv) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative/refueling 
canister preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the 
manufacturer shall perform the heat build procedure 11 to 34 hours 
following vehicle preconditioning rather than according to the time 
period specified in Sec. 86.133-90(a). All references to an evaporative 
emission enclosure and analyzing for HC during the heat build can be 
ignored.
    (v) The manufacturer may substitute slave tires for the drive wheel 
tires on the vehicle as specified in paragraph Sec. 86.135-90(e): 
Provided, that the slave tires are the same size.
    (vi) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative/refueling 
canister preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the 
cold start exhaust emission test described in Sec. 86.137-96 shall 
follow the heat build procedure described in Sec. 86.133-90 by not more 
than one hour.
    (vii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140-94.
    (A) When testing diesel vehicles, or methanol-fueled Otto-cycle 
vehicles, the manufacturer shall allow a minimum of 20 minutes warm-up 
for the HC analyzer, and for diesel vehicles, a minimum of two hours 
warm-up for the CO, CO2, and NOX analyzers. (Power 
is normally left on infrared and chemiluminescent analyzers. When not in 
use, the chopper motors of the infrared analyzers are turned off and the 
phototube high voltage supply to the chemiluminescent analyzers is 
placed in the standby position.)
    (B) The manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from 
condensing in the sample collection bags.
    (viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142, 
Sec. 86.155, or Sec. 86.1775 since the records required therein are 
provided under other provisions of this subpart K.
    (ix) If a manufacturer elects to perform the background 
determination procedure described in paragraph (a)(3)(xi) of this 
section in addition to

[[Page 732]]

performing the refueling emissions test procedure, the elapsed time 
between the initial and final FID readings shall be recorded, rounded to 
the nearest second rather than minute as described in Sec. 86.154-
98(e)(8). In addition, the vehicle soak described in Sec. 86.153-98(e) 
shall be conducted with the windows and luggage compartment of the 
vehicle open.
    (x) The Administrator may elect to perform a seal test, described in 
Sec. 86.153-98(b), of both integrated and non-integrated systems instead 
of the full refueling test. When testing non-integrated systems, a 
manufacturer may conduct the canister purge described in Sec. 86.153-
98(b)(1) directly following the preconditioning drive described in 
Sec. 86.132-96(e) or directly following the exhaust emissions test 
described in Sec. 86.137-96.
    (xi) In addition to the refueling test, a manufacturer may elect to 
perform the following background emissions determination immediately 
prior to the refueling measurement procedure described in Sec. 86.154-
98, provided EPA is notified of this decision prior to the start of 
testing in an SEA.
    (A) The SHED shall be purged for several minutes immediately prior 
to the background determination. Warning: If at any time the 
concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and 
hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C, the enclosure should be immediately 
purged. This concentration provides a 4:1 safety factor against the lean 
flammability limit.
    (B) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the background determination. If not 
already on, the enclosure mixing fan and the spilled fuel mixing blower 
shall be turned on at this time.
    (C) Place the vehicle in the SHED. The ambient temperature level 
encountered by the test vehicle during the entire background emissions 
determination shall be 80  deg.F 3  deg.F. The windows and 
luggage compartment of the vehicle must be open and the gas cap must be 
secured.
    (D) Seal the SHED. Immediately analyze the ambient concentration of 
hydrocarbons in the SHED and record. This is the initial background 
hydrocarbon concentration.
    (E) Soak the vehicle for ten minutes 1 minute.
    (F) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the end of the background determination.
    (G) Analyze the ambient concentration of hydrocarbons in the SHED 
and record. This is the final background hydrocarbon concentration.
    (H) The total hydrocarbon mass emitted during the background 
determination is calculated according to Sec. 86.156-98. To obtain a 
per-minute background emission rate, divide the total hydrocarbon mass 
calculated in this paragraph by the duration of the soak, rounded to the 
nearest second, described in paragraph (a)(3)(xi)(G) of this section.
    (I) The background emission rate is multiplied by the duration of 
the refueling measurement obtained in paragraph (a)(3)(ix) of this 
section. This number is then subtracted from the total grams of 
emissions calculated for the refueling test according to Sec. 86.156-
98(a) to obtain the adjusted value for total refueling emissions. The 
final results for comparison with the refueling emission standard shall 
be computed by dividing the adjusted value for total refueling mass 
emissions by the total gallons of fuel dispensed in the refueling test 
as described in Sec. 86.156-98(b).
    (xii) In addition to the requirements of subpart B of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles 
as follows prior to emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa) 
to the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the 
fuel system from the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel 
system, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) 
in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective 
action in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section and report this 
action in accordance with Sec. 86.1009-2001(d).

[[Page 733]]

    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling 
emission control systems.
    (C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
or refueling emission control systems by component addition, deletion, 
or substitution, except to comply with paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this 
section if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (4) When testing light-duty trucks, the following exceptions to the 
test procedures in subpart C of this part are applicable to Selective 
Enforcement Audit testing:
    (i) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel at 
other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified in 
Sec. 86.131-90(a), and may drain the test fuel from other than the 
lowest point of the fuel tank as specified in Sec. 86.131-90(b), 
provided an equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall 
be maintained by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (ii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140-94, the 
manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from condensing in 
the sample collection bags.
    (iii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142-90 since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of this 
subpart K.
    (iv) In addition to the requirements of subpart C of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles as follows prior to 
exhaust emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa) 
to the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the 
fuel system from the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel 
system, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) 
in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective 
action in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section and report this 
action in accordance with Sec. 86.1009-2001(d).
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling 
emission control system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
or refueling emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except if approved in advance by the Administrator, to 
comply with paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section.
    (5) When testing light-duty trucks, the exceptions to the test 
procedures in subpart O of this part applicable to Selective Enforcement 
Audit testing are listed in paragraphs (a)(5) (i) and (ii) of this 
section.
    (i) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.1442, since the 
records required therein are provided under provisions of this subpart 
K.
    (ii) In addition to the requirements of subpart O of this part, the 
manufacturer must prepare vehicles as in paragraphs (a)(5)(ii) (A) 
through (C) of this section prior to exhaust emission testing.
    (A) The manufacturer must inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa) 
to the fuel system, allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating 
the fuel system from the pressure source. Pressure must not drop more 
than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) in five minutes. If required, the 
manufacturer performs corrective action in accordance with this section 
and must report this action in accordance with Sec. 86.1009-2001.
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer must 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling 
emission control system.
    (C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
or refueling emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution.
    (b)(1) The manufacturer shall not adjust, repair, prepare, or modify 
the vehicles selected for testing and shall not perform any emission 
tests on vehicles selected for testing pursuant to the

[[Page 734]]

test order unless this adjustment repair, preparation, modification, 
and/or tests are documented in the manufacturer's vehicle assembly and 
inspection procedures and are actually performed or unless these 
adjustments and/or tests are required or permitted under this subpart or 
are approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (2) For 1984 and later model years the Administrator may adjust or 
cause to be adjusted any engine or vehicle parameter which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment for 
certification, Selective Enforcement Audit testing, and Production 
Compliance Audit testing in accordance with Sec. 86.090-22(c)(1), to any 
setting within the physically adjustable range of that parameter, as 
determined by the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.090-
22(e)(3)(ii), prior to the performance of any tests. However, if the 
idle speed parameter is one which the Administrator has determined to be 
subject to adjustment, the Administrator shall not adjust it to a 
setting which causes a lower engine idle speed than will be possible 
within the physically adjustable range of the idle speed parameter if 
the manufacturer had accumulated 125 hours of service on the engine or 
4,000 miles on the vehicle under paragraph (c) of this section, all 
other parameters being identically adjusted for the purpose of 
comparison. The manufacturer may be requested to supply information to 
establish such an alternative minimum idle speed. The Administrator, in 
making or specifying such adjustments, will consider the effect of the 
deviation from the manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions 
performance characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar 
settings will occur on in-use heavy-duty engines or light-duty trucks. 
In determining likelihood, the Administrator will consider factors such 
as, but not limited to, the effect of the adjustment on engine or 
vehicle performance characteristics and surveillance information from 
similar in-use vehicles.
    (c) Prior to performing emission testing on an SEA test engine, the 
manufacturer may accumulate on each engine a number of hours of service 
equal to the greater of 125 hours or the number of hours the 
manufacturer accumulated during certification on the emission-data 
engine corresponding to the configuration specified in the test order. 
Prior to performing emission testing on an SEA test vehicle, the 
manufacturer may accumulate on each vehicle a number of miles equal to 
the greater of 4,000 miles, or the number of miles the manufacturer 
accumulated during certification on the emission-data vehicle 
corresponding to the configuration specified in the test order.
    (1) Service or mileage accumulation must be performed in a manner 
using good engineering judgment to obtain emission results 
representative of normal production vehicles. This service or mileage 
accumulation must be consistent with the new vehicle break-in 
instructions contained in the applicable vehicle owner's manual, if any.
    (2) The manufacturer shall accumulate service at a minimum rate of 
16 hours per engine or mileage at a minimum rate of 300 miles per 
vehicle during each 24-hour period, unless otherwise provided by the 
Administrator.
    (i) The first 24-hour period for service or mileage accumulation 
shall begin as soon as authorization checks, inspections and 
preparations are completed on each engine or vehicle.
    (ii) The minimum service or mileage accumulation rate does not apply 
on weekends or holidays.
    (iii) If the manufacturer's service or mileage accumulation target 
is less than the minimum rate specified (16 hours or 300 miles per day), 
then the minimum daily accumulation rate shall be equal to the 
manufacturer's service or mileage accumulation target.
    (3) Service or mileage accumulation shall be completed on a 
sufficient number of test engines or vehicles during consecutive 24-hour 
periods to assure that the number of engines or vehicles tested per day 
fulfills the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.
    (d) The manufacturer shall not perform any maintenance on test 
vehicles or engines after selection for testing, nor shall the 
Administrator allow deletion of any test vehicle or engine from the test 
sequence, unless requested by the manufacturer, and approved by the

[[Page 735]]

Administrator before any test vehicle or engine maintenance or deletion.
    (e) The manufacturer shall expeditiously ship test engines or 
vehicles from the point of selection to the test facility. If the test 
facility is not located at or in close proximity to the point of 
selection, the manufacturer shall assure that the test engines or 
vehicles arrive at the test facility within 24 hours of selection: 
Except, that the Administrator may approve more time based upon a 
request by the manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
    (f) If an engine or vehicle cannot complete the service or mileage 
accumulation or emission test because of a malfunction, the manufacturer 
may request that the Administrator authorize the repair of that engine 
or vehicle or its deletion from the test sequence.
    (g) Whenever the manufacturer conducts testing pursuant to a test 
order issued under this subpart, the manufacturer shall notify the 
Administrator within one working day of receipt of the test order, which 
test facility will be used to comply with the test order and the number 
of available test cells at that facility. If no test cells are available 
at the desired facility, the manufacturer must provide alternate testing 
capability satisfactory to the Administrator.
    (1) Heavy-duty engine manufacturers with projected sales for the 
United States market for that year of 30,000 or greater shall complete 
emission testing at their facility on a minimum of two engines per 24-
hour period, including each voided test and each diesel engine smoke 
test.
    (2) Heavy-duty engine manufacturers with projected sales for the 
United States market for that year of less than 30,000 shall complete 
emission testing at their facility on a minimum of one engine per 24-
hour period, including each voided test and each diesel engine smoke 
test.
    (3) Light-duty truck and heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers shall 
perform a combination of tests pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section 
so that a minimum of four tests are performed per 24 hour period, 
including voided tests, for each available test cell.
    (4) The Administrator may approve a longer period based upon a 
request by a manufacturer accompanied by satisfactory justification.
    (h) The manufacturer shall perform test engine or vehicle selection, 
shipping, preparation, service or mileage accumulation, and testing in 
such a manner as to assure that the audit is performed in an expeditious 
manner.
    (i) The manufacturer may retest any test vehicle or engine after a 
fail decision has been reached in accordance with Sec. 86.1010-2001(d) 
based on the first test on each vehicle or engine; except that the 
Administrator may approve retests at other times during the audit based 
upon a request by the manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory 
justification. The manufacturer may test each vehicle or engine a total 
of three times. The manufacturer shall test each vehicle or engine the 
same number of times. The manufacturer may accumulate additional service 
or mileage before conducting retests, subject to the provisions of 
paragraph (c) of this section.

[59 FR 16305, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 31239, June 6, 1997; 62 
FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1009-84  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    (a) Initial test results are calculated following the Federal Test 
Procedure specified in Sec. 86.1008-94(a). Round the initial test 
results to the number of decimal places contained in the applicable 
emission standard, expressed to one additional significant figure. 
Rounding shall be done in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard 
Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (b) Final test results for each test vehicle shall be calculated by 
summing the initial test results derived in paragraph (a) of this 
section for each test engine or vehicle, dividing by the number of tests 
conducted on the engine or vehicle, and rounding to the same number of 
decimal places contained in the applicable emission standard, expressed 
to one additional significant figure. Rounding shall be done in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard

[[Page 736]]

Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c) Final deteriorated test results. (1) The final deteriorated test 
results for each heavy-duty engine or light-duty truck tested according 
to subpart B, C, D, N, or P of this part are calculated by either adding 
or multiplying, as specified in subpart A of this part for the 
applicable engine family control system combination, the appropriate 
deterioration factor to the final test results for each vehicle or 
engine.
    (2) The final deteriorated test results for each heavy-duty engine 
tested according to subpart I of this part are calculated by adding the 
appropriate deterioration factor, derived from the certification process 
for the engine family-control system combination and model year for the 
selected configuration to which the test engine belongs, to the final 
test results. If the deterioration factor computed during the 
certification process is less than zero, that deterioration factor will 
be zero.
    (3) There are no deterioration factors for light-duty trucks tested 
in accordance with Sec. 86.146-96 of subpart B of this part or for 
heavy-duty vehicles tested in accordance with Sec. 86.1246-96 of subpart 
M of this part. Accordingly, for the Fuel Dispensing Spitback Test the 
term ``final deteriorated test results'' shall mean the final test 
results derived in paragraph (b) of this section for each test vehicle, 
rounded to the same number of significant figures contained in the 
applicable standard in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice 
for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (4) The final deteriorated test results are rounded to the same 
number of significant figures contained in the applicable standard in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. This 
procedure has been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (d) Within five working days after completion of testing of all 
engines or vehicles pursuant to a test order, the manufacturer shall 
submit to the Administrator a report which includes the following 
information:
    (1) The location and description of the manufacturer's exhaust 
emission test facilities which were utilized to conduct testing reported 
pursuant to this section;
    (2) The applicable standards or compliance levels against which the 
engines or vehicles were tested;
    (3) Deterioration factors for the engine family to which the 
selected configuration belongs;
    (4) A description of the engine or vehicle and any emission-related 
component selection method used;
    (5) For each test conducted,
    (i) Test engine or vehicle description, including:
    (A) Configuration and engine family identification,
    (B) Year, make and build date,
    (C) Engine or vehicle identification number, and
    (D) Number of hours of service accumulated on engine or number of 
miles on vehicle prior to testing;
    (ii) Location where service or mileage accumulation was conducted 
and description of accumulation procedure and schedule;
    (iii) Test number, date, initial test results before and after 
rounding, final test results and final deteriorated test results for all 
exhaust emission tests, whether valid or invalid, and the reason for 
invalidation, if applicable;
    (iv) A complete description of any modification, repair, 
preparation, maintenance, and/or testing which was performed on the test 
engine or vehicle and has not been reported pursuant to any other 
paragraph of this subpart and will not be performed on all other 
production engines or vehicles;
    (v) Where an engine or vehicle was deleted from the test sequence by 
authorization of the Administrator, the reason for the deletion;
    (vi) For all valid and invalid exhaust emission tests, carbon 
dioxide emission values for LDTs and brake-specific fuel consumption 
values for HDEs; and
    (vii) Any other information the Administrator may request relevant 
to

[[Page 737]]

the determination as to whether the new heavy-duty engines or light-duty 
trucks being manufactured by the manufacturer do in fact conform with 
the regulations with respect to which the certificate of conformity was 
issued; and
    (6) The following statement and endorsement:

    This report is submitted pursuant to Sections 206 and 208 of the 
Clean Air Act. This Selective Enforcement Audit was conducted in 
complete conformance with all applicable regulations under 40 CFR part 
86 et seq., and the conditions of the test order. No emission-related 
changes to production processes or quality control procedures for the 
vehicle or engine configuration tested have been made between receipt of 
the test order and conclusion of the audit. All data and information 
reported herein is, to the best of
_______________________________________________________________________
(Company Name)

knowledge, true and accurate. I am aware of the penalties associated 
with violations of the Clean Air Act and the regulations thereunder.

_______________________________________________________________________
(Authorized Company Representative)

[45 FR 63772, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 52209, Nov. 16, 1983; 
50 FR 35387, Aug. 30, 1985; 57 FR 31923, July 17, 1992; 58 FR 16046, 
Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.1009-96  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    Section 86.1009-96 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1009-84. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1009-84 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1009-96, this is indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1009-84.'' Where a corresponding paragraph of 
Sec. 86.1009-84 is not applicable, this is indicated by the statement 
``[Reserved].''
    (a) Initial test results are calculated following the test 
procedures specified in Sec. 86.1008(a). Round these results to the 
number of decimal places contained in the applicable emission standard 
expressed to one additional significant figure. Rounding is done in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. This 
procedure has been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (b) Final test results are calculated by summing the initial test 
results within a specific FTP, CST, or Cold Temperature CO Test 
Procedure derived in paragraph (a) of this section for each test engine 
or vehicle, dividing by the number of times that specific FTP, CST, or 
Cold Temperature CO Test Procedure has been conducted on the engine or 
vehicle, and rounding in accordance with ASTM E29-90 to the same number 
of decimal places contained in the applicable standard expressed to one 
additional significant figure. Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM 
E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 
Determine Conformance with Specifications. This procedure has been 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c) Final deteriorated test results. (1) The final deteriorated test 
results for each heavy-duty engine or light-duty truck tested according 
to subpart B, C, D, I, N, or P of this part are calculated by 
multiplying or adding the final test results by the appropriate 
deterioration factor, derived from the certification process for the 
engine family-control system combination and model year for the selected 
configuration to which the test engine or vehicle belongs. If the 
multiplicative deterioration factor as computed during the certification 
process is less than one, that deterioration factor is one. If the 
additive deterioration factor as computed during the certification 
process is less than zero, that deterioration factor will be zero.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3)(i) There are no deterioration factors for light-duty vehicles 
tested in accordance with subpart O of this part. Accordingly, for the 
CST the term ``final deteriorated test results'' means the final test 
results derived in paragraph (b) of this section for each test vehicle.
    (ii) There are no deterioration factors for light-duty trucks tested 
in accordance with Sec. 86.146-96 or for heavy-duty vehicles tested in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1246-96. Accordingly, for the Fuel Dispensing 
Spitback Test the term ``final deteriorated test results'' means the 
final test results derived in paragraph (b) of this section for each 
test vehicle.

[[Page 738]]

    (4) The final deteriorated test results are rounded to the same 
number of significant figures contained in the applicable standard in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. This 
procedure has been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1009-84.

[58 FR 58425, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.1009-97  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    Section 86.1009-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Secs. 86.1009-84 and 86.1009-96. Where a 
paragraph in Sec. 86.1009-84 or Sec. 86.1009-96 is identical and 
applicable to Sec. 86.1009-97, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1009-84.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1009-96.''.
    (a) and (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1009-96.
    (c) Final deteriorated test results. (1) The final deteriorated test 
results for each heavy-duty engine or light-duty truck tested according 
to subpart B, C, D, I, N, P, or R of this part are calculated by first 
multiplying or adding, as appropriate, the final test results by or to 
the appropriate deterioration factor derived from the certification 
process for the engine family control system combination and model year 
to which the selected configuration belongs, and then by multiplying by 
the appropriate reactivity adjustment factor, if applicable. If the 
multiplicative deterioration factor as computed during the certification 
process is less than one, that deterioration factor will be one. If the 
additive deterioration factor as computed during the certification 
process is less than zero, that deterioration factor will be zero.
    (c)(2) [Reserved]
    (c)(3) through (c)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1009-96.
    (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1009-84.

[62 FR 31239, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1009-2001  Calculation and reporting of test results.

    (a) Initial test results are calculated following the Federal Test 
Procedure specified in Sec. 86.1008-2001(a). Rounding is done in 
accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in 
Sec. 86.094-28 (a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii) to the number of decimal places 
contained in the applicable emission standard expressed to one 
additional significant figure.
    (b) Final test results are calculated by summing the initial test 
results derived in paragraph (a) of this section for each test vehicle 
or engine, dividing by the number of times that specific test has been 
conducted on the vehicle or engine, and rounding to the same number of 
decimal places contained in the applicable standard expressed to one 
additional significant figure. Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM 
E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in Sec. 86.094-
28(a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii)).
    (c) Final deteriorated test results. (1) The final deteriorated test 
results for each light-duty truck, heavy-duty engine, or heavy-duty 
vehicle tested according to subpart B, C, D, I, M, N, P, or R of this 
part are calculated by first multiplying or adding, as appropriate, the 
final test results by or to the appropriate deterioration factor derived 
from the certification process for the engine or evaporative/refueling 
family and model year to which the selected configuration belongs, and 
then by multiplying by the appropriate reactivity adjustment factor, if 
applicable. For the purpose of this paragraph (c), if a multiplicative 
deterioration factor as computed during the certification process is 
less than one, that deterioration factor will be one. If an additive 
deterioration factor as computed during the certification process is 
less than zero, that deterioration factor will be zero.
    (2) Exceptions. There are no deterioration factors for light-duty 
truck emissions obtained during testing in accordance with subpart O of 
this part or with Sec. 86.146-96. Accordingly, for the CST and the fuel 
dispensing spitback test the term ``final deteriorated test results'' 
means the final test results derived in paragraph (b) of this section 
for each test vehicle.

[[Page 739]]

    (3) The final deteriorated test results obtained in paragraph (c) 
(1) and (2) of this section are rounded to the same number of decimal 
places contained in the applicable emission standard. Rounding is done 
in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 (reapproved 1980) (as referenced in 
Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i)(B)(2)(ii)).
    (d) Within five working days after completion of testing of all 
engines or vehicles pursuant to a test order, the manufacturer shall 
submit to the Administrator a report which includes the following 
information:
    (1) The location and description of the manufacturer's emission test 
facilities which were utilized to conduct testing reported pursuant to 
this section.
    (2) The applicable standards or compliance levels against which the 
engines or vehicles were tested.
    (3) Deterioration factors for the selected configuration.
    (4) A description of the engine or vehicle and any emission-related 
component selection method used.
    (5) For each test conducted.
    (i) Test engine or vehicle description including:
    (A) Configuration, engine family, and evaporative/refueling family 
identification.
    (B) Year, make, build date, and model of vehicle.
    (C) Vehicle Identification Number.
    (D) Miles accumulated on vehicle.
    (ii) Location where mileage accumulation was conducted and 
description of accumulation schedule.
    (iii) Test number, date initial test results, final results and 
final deteriorated test results for all valid and invalid exhaust 
emission tests, and the reason for invalidation, if applicable.
    (iv) A complete description of any modification, repair, 
preparation, maintenance and/or testing which was performed on the test 
engine or vehicle and has not been reported pursuant to any other 
paragraph of this subpart and will not be performed on all other 
production engines or vehicles.
    (v) Where an engine or vehicle was deleted from the test sequence by 
authorization of the Administrator, the reason for the deletion.
    (vi) For all valid and invalid exhaust emission tests, carbon 
dioxide emission values for LDTs and brake-specific fuel consumption 
values for HDEs.
    (vii) Any other information the Administrator may request relevant 
to the determination as to whether the new motor vehicles being 
manufactured by the manufacturer do in fact conform with the regulations 
with respect to which the certificate of conformity was issued.
    (6) The following statement and endorsement:

    This report is submitted pursuant to sections 206 and 208 of the 
Clean Air Act. This Selective Enforcement Audit was conducted in 
complete conformance with all applicable regulations under 40 CFR part 
86 and the conditions of the test order. No emission related change(s) 
to production processes or quality control procedures for the engine or 
vehicle configuration tested have been made between receipt of this test 
order and conclusion of the audit. All data and information reported 
herein is, to the best of

_______________________________________________________________________
(Company Name)

knowledge, true and accurate. I am aware of the penalties associated 
with violations of the Clean Air Act and the regulations thereunder.

_______________________________________________________________________
(Authorized Company Representative)

[59 FR 16308, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 31239, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1010-96  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.

    (a) The prescribed acceptable quality level is 40 percent.
    (b) A failed engine or vehicle is one whose final deteriorated test 
results pursuant to Sec. 86.1009(c), for one or more of the applicable 
pollutants, including fuel spitback, exceed the applicable emission 
standard or compliance level. For the CST as described in subpart O of 
this part, a vehicle fail determination is made if the final 
deteriorated test results for HC and/or CO emissions from any CST exceed 
the applicable emission standard.
    (c) Pass/fail criteria. (1) The manufacturer must test heavy-duty 
engines, heavy duty vehicles, or light-duty trucks comprising the test 
sample until a pass decision is reached for all pollutants, or a fail 
decision is reached for one pollutant. A pass decision is

[[Page 740]]

reached when the cumulative number of failed engines or vehicles, as 
defined in paragraph (b) of this section, for each pollutant is less 
than or equal to the pass decision number appropriate to the cumulative 
number of engines or vehicles tested. A fail decision is reached when 
the cumulative number of failed engines or vehicles for one or more 
pollutants is greater than or equal to the fail decision number 
appropriate to the cumulative number of engines or vehicles tested. The 
pass and fail decision numbers associated with the cumulative number of 
engines or vehicles tested are determined by use of the tables in 
appendix X to this part appropriate to the projected sales as made by 
the heavy-duty engine or heavy-duty vehicle manufacturer in its 
Application for Certification, or as made by the light-duty truck 
manufacturer as made in its report submitted under Sec. 600.207-80(a)(2) 
of this chapter (Automobile Fuel Economy Regulations). In the tables in 
appendix X to this part, sampling plan ``stage'' refers to the 
cumulative number of engines or vehicles tested. Once a pass or fail 
decision has been made for a particular pollutant, the number of engines 
or vehicles whose final deteriorated test results exceed the emission 
standard or compliance level, if applicable, for that pollutant may not 
be considered any further for purposes of the audit.
    (2) CST criteria only. A pass/fail decision is made based on the CST 
in its entirety rather than on a per pollutant basis. The manufacturer 
must test vehicles comprising the test sample until a pass or fail 
decision is reached for the CST. A pass decision is reached when the 
cumulative number of failed vehicles, as defined in paragraph (b) of 
this section, based on CST testing, is less than or equal to the pass 
decision number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. 
A fail decision is reached when the cumulative number of failed vehicles 
based on CST testing is greater than or equal to the fail decision 
number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. The pass 
and fail decision numbers associated with the cumulative number of 
vehicles tested are determined by use of the tables in appendix X to 
this part appropriate to the projected sales as made by the light-duty 
truck manufacturer as made in its report submitted under Sec. 600.207-
80(a)(2) of this chapter (Automobile Fuel Economy Regulations). In the 
tables in appendix X to this part, sampling plan ``stage'' refers to the 
cumulative number of engines or vehicles tested. Once a pass or fail 
decision has been made based on CST testing, the number of vehicles 
whose final deteriorated test results exceed any of the emission 
standards for any CST may not be considered any further for purposes of 
the audit.
    (d) Passing or failing of a SEA occurs when the decision is made on 
the last engine or vehicle required to make a decision under paragraph 
(c) of this section.
    (e) The Administrator may terminate testing earlier than required in 
paragraph (c) of this section.

[58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993]



Sec. 86.1010-2001  Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.

    (a) The prescribed acceptable quality level is 40 percent.
    (b) A failed vehicle or engine is one whose final deteriorated test 
results pursuant to Sec. 86.1009-2001(c) exceed at least one of the 
applicable emission standards associated with the test procedures 
pursuant to Sec. 86.1008-2001(a).
    (c)(1) Pass/fail criteria. The manufacturer shall test light-duty 
trucks, heavy-duty engines, or heavy-duty vehicles comprising the test 
sample until a pass decision is reached for all of the pollutants 
associated with all of the test procedures pursuant to Sec. 86.1008-
2001(a) or a fail decision is reached for one of these pollutants. A 
pass decision is reached when the cumulative number of failed vehicles 
or engines, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section, for each 
pollutant is less than or equal to the fail decision number appropriate 
to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. A fail decision is reached 
when the cumulative number of failed vehicles or engines for one 
pollutant is greater than or equal to the fail decision number 
appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. The

[[Page 741]]

pass and fail decision numbers associated with the cumulative number of 
vehicles tested are determined by use of the tables in appendix X of 
this part appropriate to the projected sales as made by the heavy-duty 
engine or heavy-duty vehicle manufacturer in its Application for 
Certification, or as made by the light-duty truck manufacturer in its 
report submitted under Sec. 600.207-80(a)(2) of this chapter (Automobile 
Fuel Economy Regulations). In the tables in appendix X of this part, 
sampling plan ``stage'' refers to the cumulative number of vehicles or 
engines tested. Once a pass decision has been made for a particular 
pollutant associated with a particular test procedure pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1008-2001(a), the number of vehicles or engines whose final 
deteriorated test results exceed the emission standard for that 
pollutant may not be considered any further for purposes of the audit.
    (2) CST criteria only. For CST testing pursuant to subpart O, a pass 
or fail decision is determined according to the pass/fail criteria 
described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, except that for each 
vehicle, the CST in its entirety is considered one pollutant.
    (d) Passing or failing of an SEA audit occurs when the decision is 
made on the last vehicle or engine required to make a decision under 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (e) The Administrator may terminate testing earlier than required in 
paragraph (c) of this section.

[59 FR 16309, Apr. 6, 1994]



Sec. 86.1012-84  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

    (a) The certificate of conformity is suspended with respect to any 
engine or vehicle failing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Sec. 86.1010-84 
effective from the time that testing of that engine or vehicle is 
completed.
    (b) The Administrator may suspend the certificate of conformity for 
a configuration which does not pass an SEA, pursuant to paragraph 
Sec. 86.1010-84(c), based on the first test or all tests conducted on 
each engine or vehicle. This suspension will not occur before ten days 
after failure to pass the audit.
    (c)-(d) [Reserved]
    (e) If the results of testing pursuant to these regulations indicate 
that engines or vehicles of a particular configuration produced at one 
plant of a manufacturer do not conform to the regulations with respect 
to which the certificate of conformity was issued, the Administrator may 
suspend the certificate of conformity with respect to that configuration 
for engines or vehicles manufactured by the manufacturer at all other 
plants.
    (f) [Reserved]
    (g) The Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing of 
any suspension or revocation of a certificate of conformity in whole or 
in part: Except, That the certificate is immediately suspended with 
respect to any failed engines or vehicles as provided for in paragraph 
(a) of this section.
    (h) The Administrator may revoke a certificate of conformity for a 
configuration when the certificate has been suspended pursuant to 
paragraph (b), (c) or (e) of this section if the proposed remedy for the 
nonconformity, as reported by the manufacturer to the Administrator, is 
one requiring a design change or changes to the engine and/or emission 
control system as described in the Application for Certification of the 
affected configuration.
    (i) Once a certificate has been suspended for a failed engine or 
vehicle as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section, the 
manufacturer shall take the following actions:
    (1) Before the certificate is reinstated for that failed engine or 
vehicle,
    (i) Remedy the nonconformity, and
    (ii) Demonstrate that the engine or vehicle conforms to applicable 
standards or compliance levels by retesting the engine or vehicle in 
accordance with these regulations; and
    (2) Submit a written report to the Administrator, after successful 
completion of testing on the failed engine or vehicle, which contains a 
description of the remedy and test results for each engine or vehicle in 
addition to other information that may be required by this regulation.
    (j) Once a certificate for a failed configuration has been suspended 
pursuant to paragraph (b), (c) or (e) of this section, the manufacturer 
shall take the

[[Page 742]]

following actions before the Administrator will consider reinstating the 
certificate:
    (1) Submit a written report to the Administrator which identifies 
the reason for the noncompliance of the engines or vehicles, describes 
the proposed remedy, including a description of any proposed quality 
control and/or quality assurance measures to be taken by the 
manufacturer to prevent future occurrences of the problem, and states 
the date on which the remedies will be implemented; and
    (2) Demonstrate that the engine or vehicle configuration for which 
the certificate of conformity has been suspended does in fact comply 
with these regulations by testing engines or vehicles selected from 
normal production runs of that engine or vehicle configuration, at the 
plant(s) or associated storage facilities specified by the 
Administrator, in accordance with the conditions specified in the 
initial test order. If the manufacturer elects to continue testing 
individual engines or vehicles after suspension of a certificate, the 
certificate is reinstated for any engine or vehicle actually determined 
to be in conformance with the applicable standards or compliance levels 
through testing in accordance with the applicable test procedures, 
provided that the Administrator has not revoked the certificate pursuant 
to paragraph (h) of this section.
    (k) Once the certificate has been revoked for a configuration and 
the manufacturer desires to continue introduction into commerce of a 
modified version of that configuration, the following actions shall be 
taken before the Administrator may consider issuing a certificate for 
that modified configuration:
    (1) If the Administrator determines that the proposed change(s) in 
engine or vehicle design may have an effect on emission performance 
deterioration or, in the case of light-duty trucks, on fuel economy, the 
Administrator shall notify the manufacturer, within five (5) working 
days after receipt of the report in paragraph (h) of this section, 
whether subsequent testing under this subpart will be sufficient to 
evaluate the proposed change or changes or whether additional testing 
will be required; and
    (2) After implementing the change or changes intended to remedy the 
nonconformity, the manufacturer shall demonstrate that the modified 
engine or vehicle configuration does in fact conform with these 
regulations by testing engines or vehicles selected from normal 
production runs of that modified engine or vehicle configuration in 
accordance with the conditions specified in the initial test order. This 
testing will be considered by the Administrator to satisfy the testing 
requirements of Sec. 86.078-32 or Sec. 86.079-33 if the Administrator 
has so notifed the manufacturer. If the subsequent audit results in 
passing of the audit at the level of the standards or compliance levels, 
if applicable, the Administrator shall reissue or amend the certificate, 
as the case may be, to include that configuration, provided that the 
manufacturer has satisfied the testing requirements of paragraph (k)(1) 
of this section. If the subsequent audit is failed, the revocation 
remains in effect. Any design change approvals under this subpart are 
limited to the configuration affected by the test order.
    (l) At any time subsequent to an initial suspension of a certificate 
of conformity for a test engine or vehicle pursuant to paragraph (a) of 
this section, but not later than fifteen (15) days or such other period 
as may be allowed by the Administrator after notification of the 
Administrator's decision to suspend or revoke a certificate of 
conformity in whole or in part pursuant to paragraphs (b), (c), (d), 
(e), or (h) of this section, a manufacturer may request a hearing as to 
whether the tests have been properly conducted or any sampling methods 
have been properly applied.
    (m) After the Administrator suspends or revokes a certificate of 
conformity pursuant to this section or notifies a manufacturer of his 
intent to suspend, revoke or void a certificate of conformity under 
paragraph Sec. 86.087-30(e), and prior to the commencement of a hearing 
under Sec. 86.1014-84, if the manufacturer demonstrates to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that the decision

[[Page 743]]

to suspend, revoke or void the certificate was based on erroneous 
information, the Administrator shall reinstate the certificate.
    (n) To permit a manufacturer to avoid storing non-test engines or 
vehicles when conducting an audit of a configuration subsequent to 
suspension or revocation of the certificate of conformity for that 
configuration resulting from failure of an SEA, it may request that the 
Administrator conditionally reinstate the certificate for that 
configuration. The Administrator may reinstate the certificate subject 
to the condition that the manufacturer consents to recall all engines or 
vehicles of that configuration produced from the time the certificate is 
conditionally reinstated if the configuration fails the subsequent audit 
at the level of the standard and to remedy any nonconformity at no 
expense to the owner.

[45 FR 63772, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 52209, Nov. 16, 1983; 
50 FR 35387, Aug. 30, 1985]



Sec. 86.1012-97  Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

    (a) The certificate of conformity is immediately suspended with 
respect to any engine or vehicle failing pursuant to Sec. 86.1010(b) 
effective from the time that testing of that engine or vehicle is 
completed.
    (b)(1) Selective Enforcement Audits. The Administrator may suspend 
the certificate of conformity for a configuration that does not pass a 
Selective Enforcement Audit pursuant to Sec. 86.1010(c) based on the 
first test, or all tests, conducted on each engine or vehicle. This 
suspension will not occur before ten days after failure to pass the 
audit.
    (2) California Assembly-Line Quality Audit Testing. The 
Administrator may suspend the certificate of conformity for a 50-state 
engine family or configuration tested in accordance with procedures 
prescribed under Sec. 86.1008 that the Executive Officer has determined 
to be in non-compliance with one or more applicable pollutants based on 
Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), 
if the results of vehicle testing conducted by the manufacturer do not 
meet the acceptable quality level criteria pursuant to Sec. 86.1010. The 
California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low 
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) are incorporated by reference 
(see Sec. 86.1). A vehicle that is tested by the manufacturer in 
accordance with procedures prescribed under Sec. 86.1008 and determined 
to be a failing vehicle pursuant to Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of the 
California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low 
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) will be treated as a failed 
vehicle described in Sec. 86.1010(b), unless the manufacturer can show 
that the vehicle would not be considered a failed vehicle using the test 
procedures specified in Sec. 86.1008. This suspension will not occur 
before ten days after the manufacturer receives written notification 
that the Administrator has determined the 50-state engine family or 
configuration exceeds one or more applicable federal standards.
    (c)(1) Selective Enforcement Audits. If the results of engine or 
vehicle testing pursuant to the requirements of this subpart indicate 
that engines or vehicles of a particular configuration produced at more 
than one plant do not conform to the regulations with respect to which 
the certificate of conformity was issued, the Administrator may suspend 
the certificate of conformity with respect to that configuration for 
engines or vehicles manufactured by the manufacturer in other plants of 
the manufacturer.
    (2) California Assembly-Line Quality Audit Testing. If the 
Administrator determines that the results of vehicle testing pursuant to 
Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) 
and the procedures prescribed in Sec. 86.1008 indicate the vehicles of a 
particular 50-state engine family or configuration produced at more than 
one plant do not conform to applicable regulations with respect to which 
a certificate of conformity was issued, the Administrator may suspend, 
pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the certificate of 
conformity with respect to that engine family or configuration for 
vehicles manufactured by

[[Page 744]]

the manufacturer in other plants of the manufacturer. The California 
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program (October, 1996) are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (d) The Administrator will notify the manufacturer in writing of any 
suspension or revocation of a certificate of conformity in whole or in 
part: Except, that the certificate is immediately suspended with respect 
to any failed engines or vehicles as provided for in paragraph (a) of 
this section.
    (e)(1) Selective Enforcement Audits. The Administrator may revoke a 
certificate of conformity for a configuration when the certificate has 
been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) or (c)(1) of this section if 
the proposed remedy for the nonconformity, as reported by the 
manufacturer to the Administrator is one requiring a design change(s) to 
the engine and/or emission control system as described in the 
Application for Certification of the affected configuration.
    (2) California Assembly-Line Quality Audit Testing. The 
Administrator may revoke a certificate of conformity for an engine 
family or configuration when the certificate has been suspended pursuant 
to paragraph (b)(2) or (c)(2) of this section if the proposed remedy for 
the nonconformity, as reported by the manufacturer to the Executive 
Officer and/or the Administrator, is one requiring a design change(s) to 
the engine and/or emission control system as described in the 
Application for Certification of the affected engine family or 
configuration.
    (f) Once a certificate has been suspended for a failed engine or 
vehicle as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section, the 
manufacturer must take the following actions:
    (1) Before the certificate is reinstated for that failed engine or 
vehicle--
    (i) Remedy the nonconformity; and
    (ii) Demonstrate that the engine or vehicle's final deteriorated 
test results conform to the applicable emission standards or family 
particulate emission limits, as defined in this part 86 by retesting the 
engine or vehicle in accordance with the requirements of this subpart.
    (2) Submit a written report to the Administrator within thirty days 
after successful completion of testing on the failed engine or vehicle, 
which contains a description of the remedy and test results for the 
engine or vehicle in addition to other information that may be required 
by this subpart.
    (g) Once a certificate has been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b) 
or (c) of this section, the manufacturer must take the following actions 
before the Administrator will consider reinstating such certificate:
    (1) Submit a written report to the Administrator which identifies 
the reason for the noncompliance of the vehicles, describes the proposed 
remedy, including a description of any proposed quality control and/or 
quality assurance measures to be taken by the manufacturer to prevent 
the future occurrence of the problem, and states the date on which the 
remedies will be implemented.
    (2) Demonstrate that the engine family or configuration for which 
the certificate of conformity has been suspended does in fact comply 
with the requirements of this subpart by testing engines or vehicles 
selected from normal production runs of that engine family or 
configuration at the plant(s) or the facilities specified by the 
Administrator, in accordance with:
    (i) The conditions specified in the initial test order pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1003 for a configuration suspended pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) 
or (c)(1) of this section; or
    (ii) The conditions specified in a test order pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1003 for an engine family or configuration suspended pursuant to 
paragraph (b)(2) or (c)(2) of this section.
    (3) If the Administrator has not revoked the certificate pursuant to 
paragraph (e) of this section and if the manufacturer elects to continue 
testing individual engines or vehicles after suspension of a 
certificate, the certificate is reinstated for any engine or vehicle 
actually determined to have its final deteriorated test results in 
conformance with the applicable standards through testing in accordance 
with the applicable test procedures.

[[Page 745]]

    (4) In cases where the Administrator has suspended a certificate of 
conformity for a 50-state engine family or configuration pursuant to 
paragraph (b)(2) or (c)(2) of this section, manufacturers may request in 
writing that the Administrator reinstate the certificate of an engine 
family or configuration when, in lieu of the actions described in 
paragraphs (g) (1) and (2) of this section, the manufacturer has 
complied with Chapter 3 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), 
provided an Executive Order is in place for the engine family or 
configuration. The California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the 
National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) are incorporated 
by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (h) Once a certificate for a failed engine family or configuration 
has been revoked under paragraph (e) (1) or (2) of this section and the 
manufacturer desires to introduce into commerce a modified version of 
that engine family or configuration the following actions will be taken 
before the Administrator may issue a certificate for the new engine 
family or configuration:
    (1) If the Administrator determines that the proposed change(s) in 
engine or vehicle design may have an effect on emission performance 
deterioration and/or fuel economy, he/she shall notify the manufacturer 
within 5 working days after receipt of the report in paragraph (g)(1) of 
this section or after receipt of information pursuant to paragraph 
(g)(4) of this section whether subsequent testing under this subpart 
will be sufficient to evaluate the proposed change(s) or whether 
additional testing will be required.
    (2) After implementing the change(s) intended to remedy the 
nonconformity, the manufacturer shall demonstrate:
    (i) If the certificate was revoked pursuant to paragraph (e)(1) of 
this section, that the modified configuration does in fact conform with 
the requirements of this subpart by testing engines or vehicles selected 
from normal production runs of that modified configuration in accordance 
with the conditions specified in the initial test order pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1003. The Administrator shall consider this testing to satisfy 
the testing requirements of Sec. 86.079-32 or Sec. 86.079-33 if the 
Administrator had so notified the manufacturer. If the subsequent 
testing results in a pass decision pursuant to the criteria in 
Sec. 86.1010(c), the Administrator shall reissue or amend the 
certificate, if necessary, to include that configuration: Provided, that 
the manufacturer has satisfied the testing requirements specified in 
paragraph (h)(1) of this section. If the subsequent audit results in a 
fail decision pursuant to the criteria in Sec. 86.1010(c), the 
revocation remains in effect. Any design change approvals under this 
subpart are limited to the modification of the configuration specified 
by the test order.
    (ii) If the certificate was revoked pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of 
this section, that the modified engine family or configuration does in 
fact conform with the requirements of this subpart by testing vehicles 
selected from normal production runs of that modified engine family or 
configuration in accordance with the conditions specified in a test 
order pursuant to Sec. 86.1003. The Administrator shall consider this 
testing to satisfy the testing requirements of Sec. 86.079-32 or 
Sec. 86.079-33 if the Administrator had so notified the manufacturer. If 
the subsequent testing results in a pass decision pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1010(c), the Administrator shall reissue or amend the 
certificate as necessary: Provided, that the manufacturer has satisfied 
the testing requirements specified in paragraph (h)(1) of this section. 
If the subsequent testing results in a fail decision pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1010(c), the revocation remains in effect. Any design change 
approvals under this subpart are limited to the modification of the 
engine family or configuration specified by the test order.
    (3) In cases where the Administrator has revoked a certificate of 
conformity for a 50-state engine family or configuration pursuant to 
paragraph (e)(2) of this section, manufacturers may request in writing 
that the Administrator reissue the certificate for an engine family or 
configuration when, in lieu of the actions described in paragraphs (h) 
(1) and (2) of this section, the manufacturer has complied with Chapter 
3 of the California Regulatory

[[Page 746]]

Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996), provided an Executive Order is in place for the engine 
family or configuration. The California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) 
are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (i) through (k) [Reserved]
    (l) At any time subsequent to an initial suspension of a certificate 
of conformity for a test engine or vehicle pursuant to paragraph (a) of 
this section, but not later than fifteen (15) days or such other period 
as may be allowed by the Administrator after notification of the 
Administrator's decision to suspend or revoke a certificate of 
conformity in whole or in part pursuant to paragraphs (b), (c), (d), 
(e), or (h) of this section, a manufacturer may request a hearing as to 
whether the tests have been properly conducted or any sampling methods 
have been properly applied.
    (m) After the Administrator suspends or revokes a certificate of 
conformity pursuant to this section or notifies a manufacturer of his 
intent to suspend, revoke or void a certificate of conformity under 
paragraph Sec. 86.087-30(e), and prior to the commencement of a hearing 
under Sec. 86.1014, if the manufacturer demonstrates to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that the decision to suspend, revoke or 
void the certificate was based on erroneous information, the 
Administrator shall reinstate the certificate.
    (n) To permit a manufacturer to avoid storing non-test engines or 
vehicles when conducting testing of an engine family or configuration 
subsequent to suspension or revocation of the certificate of conformity 
for that engine family or configuration pursuant to paragraph (b), (c), 
or (e) of this section, the manufacturer may request that the 
Administrator conditionally reinstate the certificate for that engine 
family or configuration. The Administrator may reinstate the certificate 
subject to the condition that the manufacturer consents to recall all 
engines or vehicles of that engine family or configuration produced from 
the time the certificate is conditionally reinstated if the engine 
family or configuration fails the subsequent testing and to remedy any 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner.

[62 FR 31240, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1014-84  Hearings on suspension, revocation and voiding of certificate of conformity.

    (a) Applicability. The procedures prescribed by this section apply 
whenever a manufacturer requests a hearing pursuant to Sec. 86.087-30 
(e)(6)(i), Sec. 86.087-30(e)(7), or Sec. 86.1012-84(1).
    (b) Definitions. The following definitions are applicable to this 
section:
    (1) Hearing Clerk shall mean the Hearing Clerk of the Environmental 
Protection Agency.
    (2) Manufacturer means a manufacturer contesting a suspension or 
revocation order directed at the manufacturer.
    (3) Party means the Agency and the manufacturer.
    (4) Presiding Officer means an Administrative Law Judge appointed 
pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3105 (see also 5 CFR part 930 as amended).
    (5) Environmental Appeals Board shall mean the Board within the 
Agency described in Sec. 1.25 of this title. The Administrator delegates 
authority to the Environmental Appeals Board to issue final decisions in 
appeals filed under this subpart. Appeals directed to the Administrator, 
rather than to the Environmental Appeals Board, will not be considered. 
This delegation of authority to the Environmental Appeals Board does not 
preclude the Environmental Appeals Board from referring an appeal or a 
motion filed under this subpart to the Administrator for decision when 
the Environmental Appeals Board, in its discretion, deems it appropriate 
to do so. When an appeal or motion is referred to the Administrator, all 
parties shall be so notified and the rules in this part referring to the 
Environmental Appeals Board shall be interpreted as referring to the 
Administrator.
    (c) Request for public hearing. (1) If the manufacturer disagrees 
with the Administrator's decision to suspend, revoke or void a 
certificate or disputes the basis for an automatic suspension pursuant 
to Sec. 86.1012-84(a), the manufacturer may request a public hearing

[[Page 747]]

as described in this section. The manufacturer shall file with the 
Administrator a request for this hearing not later than fifteen (15) 
days after the Administrator's notification of his decision to suspend 
or revoke unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. The 
manufacturer shall simultaneously serve two copies of this request upon 
the Director of the Manufacturers Operations Division and file two 
copies with the Hearing Clerk. Failure of the manufacturer to request a 
hearing within the time provided constitutes a waiver of the right to a 
hearing. Subsequent to the expiration of the period for requesting a 
hearing as of right, the Administrator may, in his discretion and for 
good cause shown, grant the manufacturer a hearing to contest the 
suspension or revocation.
    (2) A manufacturer shall include in the request for a public 
hearing--
    (i) A statement as to which engine or vehicle configuration is to be 
the subject of the hearing;
    (ii) A concise statement of the issues to be raised by the 
manufacturer at the hearing: Provided, however, That in the case of the 
hearing requested under Sec. 86.1012-84(1), the hearing is restricted to 
the following issues:
    (A) Whether tests have been properly conducted, specifically, 
Whether the tests were conducted in accordance with applicable 
regulations under this part and whether test equipment was properly 
calibrated and functioning; and
    (B) Whether sampling plans have been properly applied, specifically, 
whether sampling procedures specified in appendix X were followed and 
whether there exists a basis for distinguishing engines or vehicles 
produced at plants other than the one from which engines or vehicles 
were selected for testing which would invalidate the Administrator's 
decision under Sec. 86.1012-84(e);
    (iii) A statement specifying reasons why the manufacturer believes 
it will prevail on the merits of each of the issues raised; and
    (iv) A summary of the evidence which supports the manufacturer's 
position on each of the issues raised.
    (3) A copy of all requests for public hearings will be kept on file 
in the Office of the Hearing Clerk and will be made available to the 
public during Agency business hours.
    (d) Summary decision. (1) In the case of a hearing requested under 
Sec. 86.1012-84(1), when it clearly appears from the data and other 
information contained in the request for a hearing that there is no 
genuine and substantial question of fact with respect to the issues 
specified in Sec. 86.1014-84(c)(2)(ii), the Administrator shall enter an 
order denying the request for a hearing and reaffirming the original 
decision to suspend or revoke a certificate of conformity, if this 
decision has been made pursuant to Sec. 86.1012-84(g) at any time prior 
to the decision to deny the request for a hearing.
    (2) In the case of a hearing requested under Sec. 86.087-
30(e)(6)(i), to challenge a proposed suspension of a certificate of 
conformity for the reasons specified in Sec. 86.087-30(e)(1)(i) or 
(e)(1)(ii), when it clearly appears from the data and other information 
contained in the request for the hearing that there is no genuine and 
substantial question of fact with respect to the issue of whether the 
refusal to comply with the provisions of a test order or any other 
requirement of Sec. 86.1003-84 was caused by conditions and 
circumstances outside the control of the manufacturer, the Administrator 
shall enter an order denying the request for a hearing and suspending 
the certificate of conformity.
    (3) Any order issued under paragraph (d) (1) or (2) of this section 
has the force and effect of a final decision of the Administrator, as 
issued pursuant to paragraph (w)(4) of this section.
    (4) If the Administrator determines that a genuine and substantial 
question of fact does exist with respect to any of the issues referred 
to in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this section, he shall grant the 
request for a hearing and publish a notice of public hearing in 
accordance with paragraph (h) of this section.
    (e) Filing and service. (1) An original and two copies of all 
documents or papers required or permitted to be filed pursuant to this 
section must be filed with the Hearing Clerk. Filing is considered 
timely if mailed, as determined by the postmark, to the Hearing Clerk

[[Page 748]]

within the time allowed by this section. If filing is to be accomplished 
by mailing, the documents must be sent to the address set forth in the 
notice of public hearing as described in paragraph (h) of this section.
    (2) To the maximum extent possible, testimony will be presented in 
written form. Copies of written testimony will be served upon all 
parties as soon as practicable prior to the start of the hearing. A 
certificate of service will be provided on or accompany each document or 
paper filed with the Hearing Clerk. Documents to be served upon the 
Director of the Manufacturers Operations Division must be sent by 
registered mail to:

Director, Manufacturers Operations Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, EN-340, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460.


Service by registered mail is complete upon mailing.
    (f) Time. (1) In computing any period of time prescribed or allowed 
by this section, except as otherwise provided, the day of the act or 
event from which the designated period of time begins to run is not 
included. Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal legal holidays are included in 
computing the period allowed for the filing of any document or paper, 
except that when the period expires on a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal 
legal holiday, the period is extended to include the next following 
business day.
    (2) A prescribed period of time within which a party is required or 
permitted to do an act is computed from the time of service, except that 
when service is accomplished by mail, three days will be added to the 
prescribed period.
    (g) Consolidation. The Administrator or the Presiding Officer in his 
discretion may consolidate two or more proceedings to be held under this 
section for the purpose of resolving one or more issues whenever it 
appears that consolidation will expedite or simplify consideration of 
these issues. Consolidation does not affect the right of any party to 
raise issues that could have been raised if consolidation had not 
occurred.
    (h) Notice of public hearings. Notice of a public hearing under this 
section is given by publication in the Federal Register and by such 
other means as the Administrator finds appropriate to provide notice to 
the public. To the extent possible hearings under this section will be 
scheduled to commence within fourteen (14) days of receipt of the 
application in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (i) Amicus curiae. Persons not parties to the proceeding wishing to 
file briefs may do so by leave of the Presiding Officer granted on 
motion. A motion for leave must identify the interest of the applicant 
and state the reasons why the proposed amicus brief is desirable.
    (j) Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer shall conduct a fair 
and impartial hearing in accordance with 5 U.S.C. sections 554, 556 and 
557 and take all necessary action to avoid delay in the disposition of 
the proceedings and to maintain order. He shall have all power 
consistent with Agency rule and with the Administrative Procedure Act 
necessary to this end, including the power:
    (1) To administer oaths and affirmations;
    (2) To rule upon offers of proof and exclude irrelevant or 
repetitious material;
    (3) To regulate the course of the hearings and the conduct of the 
parties and their counsel therein;
    (4) To hold conferences for simplification of the issues or any 
other proper purpose;
    (5) To consider and rule upon all procedural and other motions 
appropriate to these proceedings;
    (6) To require the submission of direct testimony in written form 
with or without affidavit whenever, in his opinion, oral testimony is 
not necessary for full and true disclosure of the facts;
    (7) To enforce agreements and orders requiring access as authorized 
by law;
    (8) To require the filing of briefs on any matter on which he is 
required to rule;
    (9) To require any party or any witness, during the course of the 
hearing, to state his position on any issue;
    (10) To take or cause depositions to be taken whenever the ends of 
justice would be served thereby;
    (11) To make decisions or recommend decisions to resolve the 
disputed issues on the record of the hearing; and

[[Page 749]]

    (12) To issue, upon good cause shown, protective orders as described 
in paragraph (n) of this section.
    (k) Conferences. (1) The Presiding Officer may hold conferences 
prior to or during any hearing. The Presiding Officer shall direct the 
Hearing Clerk to notify all parties of the time and location of any 
conference. At the discretion of the Presiding Officer, persons other 
than parties may attend. At a conference the Presiding Officer may:
    (i) Obtain stipulations and admissions, receive requests, order 
depositions to be taken, identify disputed issues of fact and law, and 
require or allow the submission of written testimony from any witness or 
party;
    (ii) Set a hearing schedule for as many of the following as he 
considers necessary:
    (A) Oral and written statements;
    (B) Submission of written direct testimony as required or authorized 
by the Presiding Officer;
    (C) Oral direct and cross-examination of a witness where necessary 
as prescribed in paragraph (p) of this section; and
    (D) Oral argument, if appropriate;
    (iii) Identify matters of which official notice may be taken;
    (iv) Consider limitation of the number of expert and other 
witnesses;
    (v) Consider the procedure to be followed at the hearing; and
    (vi) Consider any other matter that may expedite the hearing or aid 
in the disposition of the issue.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall summarize in writing the results of 
any conference, including all stipulations, if not transcribed, and 
shall make the summary part of the record.
    (l) Primary discovery (exchange of witness lists and documents). (1) 
At a prehearing conference or within some reasonable time set by the 
Presiding Officer prior to the hearing, each party shall make available 
to the other parties the names of the expert and other witnesses the 
party expects to call, together with a brief summary of their expected 
testimony and a list of all documents and exhibits which the party 
expects to introduce into evidence. Thereafter, witnesses, documents, or 
exhibits may be added and summaries of expected testimony amended upon 
motion by a party.
    (2) The Presiding Officer, may, upon motion by a party or other 
person, and for good cause shown, by order:
    (i) Restrict or defer disclosure by a party of the name of a witness 
or a narrative summary of the expected testimony of a witness; and
    (ii) Prescribe other appropriate measures to protect a witness.
    (3) Any party affected by an action in paragraph (l)(2) of this 
section shall have an adequate opportunity, once he learns the name of a 
witness and obtains the narrative summary of his expected testimony, to 
prepare for the presentation of his case.
    (m) Other discovery. (1) Except as provided by paragraph (m)(1) of 
this section, further discovery, under this paragraph is permitted only 
upon determination by the Presiding Officer:
    (i) That this discovery will not in any way unreasonably delay the 
proceeding;
    (ii) That the information to be obtained is not obtainable 
voluntarily; and
    (iii) That the information has significant probative value. The 
Presiding Officer shall be guided by the procedures set forth in the 
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, where practicable, and the precedents 
thereunder, except that no discovery will be undertaken except upon 
order of the Presiding Officer or upon agreement of the parties.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall order depositions upon oral 
questions only upon a showing of good cause and upon a finding that:
    (i) The information sought cannot be obtained by alternative 
methods; or
    (ii) There is a substantial reason to believe that relevant and 
probative evidence may otherwise not be preserved for presentation by a 
witness at the hearing.
    (3) Any party to the proceeding desiring an order of discovery shall 
make a motion or motions therefor. The motion must include:
    (i) The circumstances warranting the taking of the discovery;
    (ii) The nature of the information expected to be discovered; and
    (iii) The proposed time and place where it will be taken. If the 
Presiding

[[Page 750]]

Officer determines the motion should be granted, he shall issue an order 
for the taking of the discovery together with the conditions and terms 
thereof.
    (4) Failure to comply with an order issued pursuant to this 
paragraph may lead to the inference that the information to be 
discovered would be adverse to the person or party from whom the 
information was sought.
    (n) Protective orders, in camera proceedings. (1) Upon motion by a 
part or by the person from whom discovery is sought, and upon a showing 
by the movant that the disclosure of the information to be discovered, 
or a particular part thereof (other than emission data), would result in 
methods or processes entitled to protection as trade secrets of the 
person being divulged, the Presiding Officer may enter a protective 
order with respect to this material. Any protective order will contain 
terms governing the treatment of the information which are appropriate 
under the circumstances to prevent disclosure outside the hearing: 
Provided, That the order states that the material will be filed 
separately from other evidence and exhibits in the hearing. Disclosure 
is limited to parties to the hearing, their counsel and relevant 
technical consultants, and authorized representatives of the United 
States concerned with carrying out the Act. Except in the case of the 
government, disclosure may be limited to counsel for parties who shall 
not disclose such information to the parties themselves. Except in the 
case of the government, disclosure to a party or his counsel is 
conditioned on execution of a sworn statement that no disclosure of the 
information will be made to persons not entitled to receive it under the 
terms of the protective order. (This provision is not necessary where 
government employees are concerned because disclosure by them is subject 
to the terms of 18 U.S.C. 1905.)
    (2)(i) A party or person seeking a protective order may be permitted 
to make all or part of the required showing in camera. A record will be 
made of the in camera proceedings. If the Presiding Officer enters a 
protective order following a showing in camera, the record of the 
showing will be sealed and preserved and made available to the Agency or 
court in the event of appeal.
    (ii) Attendance at any in camera proceeding may be limited to the 
Presiding Officer, the Agency, and the person or party seeking the 
protective order.
    (3) Any party, subject to the terms and conditions of any protective 
order issues pursuant to paragraph (n)(1) of this section, desiring for 
the presentation of his case to make use of any in camera documents or 
testimony, shall make application to the Presiding Officer by motion 
setting forth the justification therefor. The Presiding Officer, in 
granting this motion, shall enter an order protecting the rights of the 
affected persons and parties and preventing unnecessary disclosure of 
this information, including the presentation of the information and oral 
testimony and cross-examination concerning it in executive session, as 
in his discretion is necessary and practicable.
    (4) In the submittal of proposed findings, briefs, or other papers, 
counsel for all parties shall make a good faith attempt to refrain from 
disclosing the specific details of in camera documents and testimony. 
This shall not preclude references in these proposed findings, briefs, 
or other papers to the documents or testimony, including generalized 
statements based on their contents. To the extent that counsel considers 
it necessary to include specific details in their presentations, these 
details will be incorporated in separate proposed findings, briefs, or 
other paper marked ``confidential'', and wil become part of the in 
camera record.
    (o) Motions. (1) All motions, except those made orally during the 
course of the hearing, must be in writing and state with particularity 
the grounds therefor, set forth the relief or order sought, and be filed 
with the Hearing Clerk and served upon all parties.
    (2) Within the time fixed by the Environmental Appeals Board or the 
Presiding Officer, as appropriate, any party may serve and file an 
answer to the motion. The movant shall, if requested by the 
Environmental Appeals Board or the Presiding Officer, as appropriate, 
serve and file reply papers within the time set by the request.

[[Page 751]]

    (3) The Presiding Officer shall rule upon all motions filed or made 
prior to the filing of his decision or accelerated decision, as 
appropriate. The Environmental Appeals Board shall rule upon all motions 
filed prior to the appointment of a Presiding Officer and all motions 
filed after the filing of the decision of the Presiding Officer or 
accelerated decision. Oral argument of motions will be permitted only if 
the Presiding Officer or the Environmental Appeals Board, as 
appropriate, considers it necessary.
    (p) Evidence. (1) The official transcripts and exhibits, together 
with all papers and requests filed in the proceeding, consitute the 
record. Immaterial or irrelevant part of an admissible document will be 
segregated and excluded so far as practicable. Documents or parts 
thereof subject to a protective order under pargarph (n) of this section 
wil be segregated. Evidence may be received at the hearing even though 
inadmissible under the rules of evidence applicable to judicial 
proceedings. The weight to be given evidence will be determined by its 
reliability and probative value.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall allow the parties to examine and 
cross-examine a witness to the extent that this examination and cross-
examination is necessary for a full and true disclosure of the facts.
    (3) Ruling of the Presiding Officer on the admissibility of 
evidence, the propriety of examination and cross-examination, and other 
procedural matters will appear in the record.
    (4) Parties shall automatically be presumed to have taken exception 
to an adverse ruling.
    (q) Record. (1) Hearings will be stenographically reported and 
transcribed and the original transcripts will be part of the record and 
the sole official transcript. Copies of the record will be filed with 
the Hearing Clerk and made available during Agency business hours for 
public inspection. Any thereof, except as provided in paragraph (n) of 
this section, shall be entitled to the same upon payment of the cost 
thereof.
    (2) The official transcripts and exhibits, together with all paper 
and requests filed in the proceeding, constitute the record.
    (r) Proposed findings, conclusions. (1) Within four (4) days of the 
close of the reception of evidence, or within such longer time as the 
Presiding Officer may fix, any party may submit for the consideration of 
the Presiding Officer proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law, and 
proposed order, together with reasons therefor and briefs in support 
thereof. These proposals will be in writing, be served upon all parties, 
and contain adequate references to the record and authorities relied 
upon.
    (2) The record will show the Presiding Officer's ruling on the 
proposed findings and conclusions except when his order disposing of the 
proceeding otherwise informs the parties of the action taken by him 
thereon.
    (s) Decision of the Presiding Officer. (1) Unless extended by the 
Environmental Appeals Board, the Presiding Officer shall issue and file 
with the Hearing Clerk his decision within fourteen (14) days (or within 
seven (7) days in the case of a hearing requested under Sec. 86.1012-
84(1)) after the period for filing proposed findings as provided for in 
paragraph (r) of this section has expired.
    (2) The Presiding Officer's decision shall become the decision of 
the Environmental Appeals Board:
    (i) When no notice of intention to appeal as described in paragraphs 
(t) and (u) of this section is filed, ten (10) days after issuance 
thereof, unless in the interim the Environmental Appeals Board shall 
have acted to review or stay the effective date of the decision; or
    (ii) When a notice of intention to appeal is filed but the appeal is 
not perfected as required by paragraphs (t) or (u) of this section, five 
(5) days after the period allowed for perfection of an appeal has 
expired unless within that five (5) day period, the Environmental 
Appeals Board shall have acted to review or stay the effective date of 
the decision.
    (3) The Presiding Officer's decision must include a statement of 
findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis therefor, upon 
all the material issues of fact or law presented on the record and an 
appropriate rule or order. The decision must be supported

[[Page 752]]

by substantial evidence and based upon a consideration of the whole 
record.
    (4) At any time prior to the issuance of his decision, the Presiding 
Officer may reopen the proceeding for the reception of further evidence. 
Except for the correction of clerical errors, the jurisdiction of the 
Presiding Officer is terminated upon the issuance of his decision.
    (t) Appeal from the decision of the Presiding Officer. (1) Any party 
to a proceeding may appeal the Presiding Officer's decision to the 
Environmental Appeals Board; Provided, That within ten (10) days after 
issuance of the Presiding Officer's decision the party files a notice of 
intention to appeal and an appeal brief within twenty (20) days of the 
decision.
    (2) When an appeal is taken from the decision of the Presiding 
Officer, any party may file a brief with respect to the appeal. The 
party shall file the brief within fifteen (15) days of the date of the 
filing of the appellant's brief.
    (3) Any brief filed pursuant to this paragraph will contain, in the 
order indicated, the following:
    (i) A subject index of the matter in the brief, with page 
references, and a table of cases (alphabetically arranged), textbooks, 
statutes, and other material cited, with page references thereto:
    (ii) A specification of the issues intended to be urged; provided, 
however, that in the case of a hearing requested under Sec. 86.1012-
84(l), the brief will be restricted to the issues specified in paragraph 
(c)(2)(ii) of this section;
    (iii) The argument presenting clearly the points of fact and law 
relied upon in support of the position taken on each issue, with 
specific page references to the record and the legal or other material 
relied upon; and
    (iv) A proposed order for the Environmental Appeals Board's 
consideration if different from the order contained in the Presiding 
Officer's decision.
    (4) No brief in excess of 40 pages will be filed without leave of 
the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (5) The Environmental Appeals Board may allow oral argument.
    (u) Summary appeal. (1) In the case of a hearing requested under 
Sec. 86.1012-84(l), any appeal taken from the decision of the Presiding 
Officer will be conducted under this subsection.
    (2) Any party to the proceeding may appeal the Presiding Officer's 
decision to the Environmental Appeals Board by filing a notice of appeal 
within ten (10) days.
    (3) The notice of appeal must be in the form of a brief and conform 
to the requirements of paragraph (t)(3) of this section.
    (4) Within ten (10) days after a notice of appeal from the decision 
of the Presiding Officer is filed under this paragraph, any party may 
file a brief with respect to that appeal.
    (5) No brief in excess of fifteen (15) pages will be filed without 
leave of the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (v) Review of the Presiding Officer's decision in the absence of 
appeal. (1) If after the expiration of the period for taking an appeal 
as provided for by paragraph (t) or (u) of this section, no notice of 
intention to appeal the decision of the Presiding Officer has been 
filed, or if filed, not perfected, the Hearing Clerk shall so notify the 
Environmental Appeals Board.
    (2) The Environmental Appeals Board, upon receipt of notice from the 
Hearing Clerk that no notice of intention to appeal the decision of the 
Presiding Officer has been filed, or if filed, not perfected pursuant to 
paragraph (t) or (u) of this section, may, on its own motion, within the 
time limits specified in paragraph (s)(2) of this section, review the 
decision of the Presiding Officer. Notice of the intention of the 
Environmental Appeals Board to review the decision of the Presiding 
Officer shall be given to all parties and shall set forth the scope of 
such review and the issues to be considered and shall make provision for 
filing of briefs.
    (w) Decision of appeal or review. (1) Upon appeal from or review of 
the Presiding Officer's decision, the Environmental Appeals Board shall 
consider such parts of the record as are cited or as may be necessary to 
resolve the issues presented and in addition shall, to the extent 
necessary or desirable, exercise all the powers which it could have 
exercised if it had presided at the hearing.
    (2) In rendering its decision, the Environmental Appeals Board shall 
adopt,

[[Page 753]]

modify or set aside the findings, conclusions, and order contained in 
the decision of the Presiding Officer and shall set forth in its 
decision a statement of the reasons or basis for its action.
    (3) In those cases where the Environmental Appeals Board determines 
that it should have further information or additional views of the 
parties as to the form and content of the rule or order to be issued, 
the Environmental Appeals Board, in its discretion, may withhold final 
action pending the receipt of such additional information or views, or 
may remand the case to the Presiding Officer.
    (4) Any decision rendered under this paragraph which completes 
disposition of a case constitutes a final decision of the Environmental 
Appeals Board.
    (x) Reconsideration. (1) Within twenty (20) days after issuance of 
the Environmental Appeals Board's decision, any party may file with the 
Environmental Appeals Board a petition for reconsideration of such 
decision, setting forth the relief desired and the grounds in support 
thereof. Any petition filed under this subsection must be confined to 
new questions raised by the decision or final order and upon which the 
petitioner had no opportunity to argue before the Presiding Officer or 
the Environmental Appeals Board; Provided, however, That in the case of 
a hearing requested under Sec. 86.1012-84(1) such new questions shall be 
limited to the issues specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section.
    (2) Any party desiring to oppose this petition shall file an answer 
thereto within ten (10) days after the filing of the petition. The 
filing of a petition for reconsideration shall not operate to stay the 
effective date of the decision or order or to toll the running of any 
statutory time period affecting such decision or order unless 
specifically so ordered by the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (y) Accelerated decision, dismissal. (1) The Presiding Officer, upon 
motion of any party or sua sponte, may at any time render an accelerated 
decision in favor of the Agency or the manufacturer as to all or any 
part of the proceeding, without further hearing or upon limited 
additional evidence such as affidavits which he may require, or dismiss 
any party with prejudice, for any of the following reasons:
    (i) Failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, or 
direct or collateral estoppel;
    (ii) The lack of any genuine issue of material fact, causing a party 
to be entitled to judgment as a matter of law; or
    (iii) Such other reasons as are just, including specifically failure 
to obey a procedural order of the Presiding Officer.
    (2) If, under this subsection, an accelerated decision is issued as 
to all the issues and claims joined in the proceeding, the decision will 
be treated for the purposes of these procedures as the decision of the 
Presiding Officer as provided in paragraph (s) of this section.
    (3) If, under this subsection, judgment is rendered on less than all 
issues or claims in the proceeding, the Presiding Officer shall 
determine what material facts exist without substantial controversy and 
what material facts are actually and in good faith controverted. He 
shall thereupon issue an order specifying the facts which appear without 
substantial controversy, and the issues and claims upon which the 
hearing will proceed.
    (z) Conclusion of hearing. (1) If, after the expiration of the 
period for taking an appeal as provided for by paragraphs (t) and (u) of 
this section, no appeal has been taken from the Presiding Officer's 
decision, and after the expiration of the period for review by the 
Environmental Appeals Board on its own motion as provided for by 
paragraph (v) of this section, the Environmental Appeals Board does not 
move to review such decision, the hearing is considered ended at the 
expiration of all periods allowed for the appeal and review.
    (2) If an appeal of the Presiding Officer's decision is taken 
pursuant to paragraphs (t) and (u) of this section, or if, in the 
absence of this appeal, the Environmental Appeals Board moves to review 
the decision of the Presiding Officer pursuant to paragraph (v) of this 
section, the hearing is considered ended upon rendering of a final 
decision by the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (aa) Judicial review. (1) The Administrator shall designate the 
General

[[Page 754]]

Counsel, Environmental Protection Agency as the officer upon whom copy 
of any petition for judicial review must be served. This officer shall 
be responsible for filing in the court the record of which the order of 
the Environmental Appeals Board is based.
    (2) Before forwarding the record to the court, the Agency shall 
advise the petitioner of costs of preparing it and as soon as payment to 
cover fees is made, shall forward the record to the court.

[45 FR 63772, Sept. 25, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 35387, Aug. 30, 1985; 
57 FR 5332, Feb. 13, 1992]



Sec. 86.1014-97  Hearings on suspension, revocation and voiding of certificates of conformity.

    Section 86.1014-97 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from those specified in Sec. 86.1014-84. Where a paragraph in 
Sec. 86.1014-84 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1014-97, this may 
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement 
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1014-84''.
    (a) through (c)(2)(ii) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance 
see Sec. 86.1014-84.
    (c)(2)(ii)(A) Whether tests have been properly conducted, 
specifically, whether the tests were conducted in accordance with 
applicable regulations and whether test equipment was properly 
calibrated and functioning; and
    (c)(2)(ii) (B) through (aa) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1014-84.

[62 FR 31241, June 6, 1997]



Sec. 86.1015  Treatment of confidential information.

    (a) Any manufacturer may assert that some or all of the information 
submitted pursuant to this subpart is entitled to confidential treatment 
as provided by 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
    (b) Any claim of confidentiality must accompany the information at 
the time it is submitted to EPA.
    (c) To assert that information submitted pursuant to this subpart is 
confidential, a manufacturer must indicate clearly the items of 
information claimed confidential by marking, circling, bracketing, 
stamping, or otherwise specifying the confidential information. 
Furthermore, EPA requests, but does not require, that the submitter also 
provide a second copy of its submittal from which all confidential 
information has been deleted. If a need arises to publicly release 
nonconfidential information, EPA will assume that the submitter has 
accurately deleted the confidential information from this second copy.
    (d) If a claim is made that some or all of the information submitted 
pursuant to this subpart is entitled to confidential treatment, the 
information covered by that confidentiality claim will be disclosed by 
the Environmental Appeals Board only to the extent and by means of the 
procedures set forth in part 2, subpart B, of this chapter.
    (e) Information provided without a claim of confidentiality at the 
time of submission may be made available to the public by EPA without 
further notice to the submitter, in accordance with 40 CFR 
2.204(c)(2)(i)(A).

[50 FR 34798, Aug. 27, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 5333, Feb. 13, 1992; 57 
FR 30657, July 10, 1992]



   Subpart L--Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel 
 Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-Duty Trucks

    Source: 50 FR 35388, Aug. 30, 1985, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1101-87  Applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable for 1987 and later 
model year gasoline-fueled and diesel heavy-duty engines and heavy-duty 
vehicles. These vehicles include light-duty trucks rated in excess of 
6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight.
    (b) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty trucks 
under the provisions of subpart S of this part.

[64 FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1102-87  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart.

[[Page 755]]

    (b) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein have the 
meaning given them in the Act.
    Compliance level means the deteriorated pollutant emissions level at 
the 60th percentile point for a population of heavy-duty engines or 
heavy-duty vehicles subject to Production Compliance Audit testing 
pursuant to the requirements of this subpart. A compliance level for a 
population can only be determined for a pollutant for which an upper 
limit has been established in this subpart.
    Configuration means a subdivision, if any, of a heavy-duty engine 
family for which a separate projected sales figure is listed in the 
manufacturer's Application for Certification and which can be described 
on the basis of emission control system, governed speed, injector size, 
engine calibration, or other parameters which may be designated by the 
Administrator, or a subclassification of light-duty truck engine family 
emission control system combination on the basis of engine code, inertia 
weight class, transmission type and gear ratios, rear axle ratio, or 
other parameters which may be designated by the Administrator.
    NCP means a nonconformance penalty as described in section 206(g) of 
the Clean Air Act and in this subpart.
    PCA means Production Compliance Audit as described in Sec. 86.1106-
87 of this subpart.
    Subclass means a classification of heavy-duty engines of heavy-duty 
vehicles based on such factors as gross vehicle weight rating, fuel 
usage (gasoline-, diesel-, and methanol-fueled), vehicle usage, engine 
horsepower or additional criteria that the Administrator shall apply. 
Subclasses include, but are not limited to:
    (i) Light-duty gasoline-fueled Otto cycle trucks (6,001-8,500 lb. 
GVW)
    (ii) Light-duty methanol-fueled Otto cycle trucks (6,001-8,500 lb. 
GVW)
    (iii) Light-duty petroleum-fueled diesel trucks (6,001-8,500 lb. 
GVW)
    (iv) Light-duty methanol-fueled diesel trucks (6,001-8,500 lb. GVW)
    (v) Light heavy-duty gasoline-fueled Otto cycle engines (for use in 
vehicles of 8,501-14,000 lb. GVW)
    (vi) Light heavy-duty methanol-fueled Otto cycle engines (for use in 
vehicles of 8,501-14,000 lb. GVW)
    (vii) Heavy heavy-duty gasoline-fueled Otto cycle engines (for use 
in vehicles of 14,001 lb and above GVW)
    (viii) Heavy heavy-duty methanol-fueled Otto cycle engines (for use 
in vehicles of 14,001 lb. and above GVW)
    (ix) Light heavy-duty petroleum-fueled diesel engines (see 
Sec. 86.085-2(a)(1))
    (x) Light heavy-duty methanol-fueled diesel engines (see 
Sec. 86.085-2(a)(1))
    (xi) Medium heavy-duty petroleum-fueled diesel engines (see 
Sec. 86.085-2(a)(2))
    (xii) Medium heavy-duty methanol-fueled diesel engines (see 
Sec. 86.085-2(a)(2))
    (xiii) Heavy heavy-duty petroleum-fueled diesel engines (see 
Sec. 86.085-2(a)(3))
    (xiv) Heavy heavy-duty methanol-fueled diesel engines (see 
Sec. 86.085-2(a)(3))
    (xv) Petroleum-fueled Urban Bus engines (see Sec. 86.091-2)
    (xvi) Methanol-fueled Urban Bus engines (see Sec. 86.091-2).
    For NCP purposes, all optionally certified engines and/or vehicles 
(engines certified in accordance with Sec. 86.087-10(a)(3) and vehicles 
certified in accordance with Sec. 86.085-1(b)) shall be considered part 
of, and included in the FRAC calculation of, the subclass for which they 
are optionally certified.
    Test Sample means a group of heavy-duty engines or heavy-duty 
vehicles of the same configuration which have been selected for emission 
testing.
    Upper limit means the emission level for a specific pollutant above 
which a certificate of conformity may not be issued or may be suspended 
or revoked.

[50 FR 35388, Aug. 30, 1985, as amended at 55 FR 46628, Nov. 5, 1990]



Sec. 86.1103-87  Criteria for availability of nonconformance penalties.

    (a) EPA shall establish for each subclass of heavy-duty engines and 
heavy-duty vehicles (other than motorcycles), an NCP for a motor vehicle 
pollutant, when any new or revised emission standard is more stringent 
than the previous standard for the pollutant, or

[[Page 756]]

when an existing standard for that pollutant becomes more difficult to 
achieve because of a new or revised standard, provided that EPA finds:
    (1) That for such subclass of engines or vehicles, substantial work 
will be required to meet the standard for which the NCP is offered, and
    (2) That there is likely to be a technological laggard.
    (b) Substantial work, as used in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, 
means the application of technology not previously used in an engine or 
vehicle class or subclass, or the significant modification of existing 
technology or design parameters, needed to bring the vehicle or engine 
into compliance with either the more stringent new or revised standard 
or an existing standard which becomes more difficult to achieve because 
of a new or revised standard.



Sec. 86.1104-91  Determination of upper limits.

    (a) The upper limit applicable to a pollutant emission standard for 
a subclass of heavy-duty engines or heavy-duty vehicles for which an NCP 
is established in accordance with Sec. 86.1103-87, shall be the previous 
pollutant emission standard for that subclass.
    (b) If no previous standard existed for the pollutant under 
paragraph (a) of this section, the upper limit will be developed by EPA 
during rulemaking.
    (c) If a manufacturer participates in any of the emissions 
averaging, trading, or banking programs, and carries over certification 
of an engine family from the prior model year, the upper limit for that 
engine family shall be the family emission limit of the prior model 
year, unless the family emission limit is less than the upper limit 
determined in paragraph (a) of this section.

[55 FR 30629, July 26, 1990]



Sec. 86.1105-87  Emission standards for which nonconformance penalties are available.

    (a)-(b) [Reserved]
    (c) Effective in the 1991 model year, NCPs will be available for the 
following additional emission standards:
    (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Petroleum-fueled diesel heavy-duty engine oxides of nitrogen 
standard of 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (i) For petroleum-fueled light heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $830.
    (2) COC90: $946.
    (3) MC50: $1,167 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(h): 0.12.
    (ii) For petroleum-fueled medium heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $905.
    (2) COC90: $1,453.
    (3) MC50: $1,417 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(h): 0.11.
    (iii) For petroleum-fueled heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $930.
    (2) COC90: $1,590.
    (3) MC50: $2,250 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(h): 0.11.
    (3) Petroleum-fueled diesel light-duty trucks (between 6,001 and 
14,000 lbs GVW) particulate matter emission standard of 0.13 grams per 
vehicle mile.
    (i) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (A) COC50: $711.
    (B) COC90: $1,396.
    (C) MC50: $2,960 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (D) F: 1.2.

[[Page 757]]

    (ii) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(h): 0.01.
    (d) Effective in the 1993 model year, NCPs will be available for the 
following additional emission standard:
    (1) Petroleum-fueled diesel bus engine (as defined in Sec. 86.093-2) 
particulate emission standard of 0.10 grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (i) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP for the 
standard set forth in Sec. 86.093-11(a)(1)(iv)(A) in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (A) COC50: $4,020.
    (B) COC90: $4,535.
    (C) MC50: $22,971 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (D) F: 1.2.
    (E) UL: 0.25 grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (ii) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.093-11(a)(1)(iv)(A) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.02.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) The values of COC50, COC90, and 
MC50 in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section are expressed 
in December 1984 dollars. The values of COC50, 
COC90, and MC50 in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 
section are expressed in December 1989 dollars. The values of 
COC50, COC90, and MC50 in paragraph (f) 
of this section are expressed in December 1991 dollars. The values of 
COC50, COC90, and MC50 in paragraphs 
(g) and (h) of this section are expressed in December 1994 dollars. 
These values shall be adjusted for inflation to dollars as of January of 
the calendar year preceding the model year in which the NCP is first 
available by using the change in the overall Consumer Price Index, and 
rounded to the nearest whole dollar in accordance with ASTM E29-67 
(reapproved 1980), Standard Recommended Practice for Indicating Which 
Places of Figures are to be Considered Significant in Specified Limiting 
Values. The method was approved by the director of the Federal Register 
in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. This document is 
available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, and is 
also available for inspection as part of Docket A-91-06, located at the 
Central Docket Section, EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC or at the 
office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW, suite 700, 
Washington, DC. This incorporation by reference was approved by the 
Director of the Federal Register on January 13, 1992. These materials 
are incorporated as they exist on the date of the approval and a notice 
of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal 
Register.
    (f) Effective in the 1994 model year, NCPs will be available for the 
following emission standards:
    (1) Petroleum-fueled urban bus engine (as defined in Sec. 86.091-2) 
particulate emission standard of 0.07 grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (i) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP for the 
standard set forth in Sec. 86.094-11(a)(1)(iv)(A) in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (A) COC50: $3292.
    (B) COC90: $10,014.
    (C) MC50: $109,733.
    (D) F: 1.2.
    (ii) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.094-11(a)(1)(iv)(A) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.38.
    (2) Petroleum-fueled diesel heavy-duty engine particulate matter 
emission standard of 0.10 grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (i) For petroleum-fueled light heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $772.
    (2) COC90: $1,325.
    (3) MC50: $8,178 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(h): 0.081.
    (ii) For petroleum-fueled medium heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $1,276.
    (2) COC90: $3,298.

[[Page 758]]

    (3) MC50: $15,370 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(h): 0.098.
    (iii) For petroleum-fueled heavy heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $2,105.
    (2) COC90: $6,978.
    (3) MC50: $30,070 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-
87(h): 0.083.
    (g) Effective in the 1996 model year, NCPs will be available for the 
following emission standard:
    (1) Light-duty truck 3 diesel-fueled vehicle at full useful life (as 
defined in Sec. 86.094-2) particulate matter emission standard of 0.10 
g/mi.
    (i) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP for the 
standard set forth in Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (A) COC50: $441.
    (B) COC90: $1,471.
    (C) MC50: $14,700 per gram per mile.
    (D) F: 1.2.
    (ii) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.093.
    (2) Light-duty truck 3 diesel-fueled vehicle at full useful life (as 
defined in Sec. 86.094-2) oxides of nitrogen emission standard of 0.98 
g/mi.
    (i) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP for the 
standard set forth in Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (A) COC50: $654.
    (B) COC90: $779.
    (C) MC50: $908 per gram per mile.
    (D) F: 1.2.
    (ii) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.082.
    (3) 1996 Urban Bus (as defined in Sec. 86.094-2) particulate matter 
emission standard of 0.05 g/BHp-hr.
    (i) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP for the 
standard set forth in Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (A) COC50: $576.
    (B) COC90: $6,569.
    (C) MC50: $28,800 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (D) F: 1.2.
    (ii) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.500.
    (h) Effective in the 1998 model year, NCPs will be available for the 
following emission standard:
    (1) Petroleum-fueled diesel heavy-duty engine oxides of nitrogen 
standard of 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (i) For petroleum-fueled light heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $833.
    (2) COC90: $1,513.
    (3) MC50: $833 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.039.
    (ii) For petroleum-fueled medium heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):
    (1) COC50: $444.
    (2) COC90: $1,368.
    (3) MC50: $444 per gram per brake horsepower-hour.
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.043.
    (iii) For petroleum-fueled heavy heavy-duty diesel engines:
    (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(a):

[[Page 759]]

    (1) COC50: $1,086.
    (2) COC90: $2,540.
    (3) MC50: $1,086 per gram per brake horsepower-hour
    (4) F: 1.2.
    (B) The following factor shall be used to calculate the engineering 
and development component of the NCP for the standard set forth in 
Sec. 86.094-9(a)(1)(ii) in accordance with Sec. 86.1113-87(h): 0.039.
    (2) [Reserved]

[50 FR 53466, Dec. 31, 1985, as amended at 52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987; 
53 FR 43878, Oct. 31, 1988; 56 FR 64712, Dec. 12, 1991; 58 FR 15802, 
Mar. 24, 1993; 58 FR 68540, Dec. 28, 1993; 60 FR 33925, June 29, 1995; 
61 FR 6949, 6953, Feb. 23, 1996]



Sec. 86.1106-87  Production compliance auditing.

    For a model year in which upper limits for heavy-duty engine or 
heavy-duty vehicle emission standards for one or more exhaust pollutants 
are specified in Sec. 86.1105-87, a manufacturer may elect to conduct a 
Production Compliance Audit (PCA) for each engine or vehicle 
configuration satisfying the following conditions:
    (a) Certification test results, pursuant to Sec. 86.082-23, exceed 
the emission standard for a particular pollutant but do not exceed the 
upper limit established for that pollutant. In that event, the 
manufacturer will be offered a qualified certificate of conformity 
allowing for the introduction into commerce of the specified engine 
family, Provided, That:
    (1) The manufacturer must agree to conduct a PCA of those engines or 
vehicles;
    (2) PCA testing must be conducted on the same configurations that 
exceeded the standard in certification. In lieu of that requirement, the 
Administrator may approve testing of a greater or lesser number of 
configurations provided the manufacturer agrees to pay the NCP 
determined from the CL of each tested configuration for that 
configuration and for other non-tested configurations that have similar 
emission characteristics. If an acceptable showing of similar emission 
characteristics is not made, the highest CL of the configurations tested 
will apply to all non-tested configurations exceeding the standard.
    (3) The selection of engines or vehicles for PCA testing must be 
initiated no later than five (5) days after the start of assembly-line 
production of the specified engine or vehicle configuration, unless that 
period is extended by the Administrator;
    (4) The manufacturer must agree:
    (i) To pay the NCP amount calculated as a result of PCA testing on 
each engine or vehicle, unless the manufacturer successfully challenges 
the Administrator's determination of the compliance level or penalty 
calculation or both under Sec. 86.1115-87(c);
    (ii) To recall any engines or vehicles introduced into commerce, 
without invoking the procedural requirements of section 207(c) of the 
Clean Air Act, if the compliance level for the engine or vehicle 
configuration of (a)(2) exceeds the upper limit as determined by the 
PCA;
    (5) If the compliance level determined in the PCA is below the 
emission standard, no NCP will be offered, and all appropriate 
qualifications will be removed from the qualified certificate of 
conformity.
    (b) An engine or vehicle configuration fails a Selective Enforcement 
Audit (SEA) under subpart K of 40 CFR part 86 with respect to the 
standard for a particular pollutant but does not fail with respect to 
the upper limit established for that pollutant, and no NCP has been 
previously assessed for that configuration, Provided, That:
    (1) The manufacturer must submit a written report to the 
Administrator within five (5) days after failure to pass the audit 
containing the following:
    (i) A statement that the manufacturer does not intend, at that time, 
to make any engine and/or emission control system design changes that 
may remedy the nonconformity; and
    (ii) A request from the manufacturer to conduct the PCA, including 
the date the testing will begin;
    (2) Failure to submit the report within five (5) days after the SEA 
failure will result in the forfeiture of the NCP option, unless a 
satisfactory justification for the delay is provided to the 
Administrator;
    (3) The selection of any required engines or vehicles for PCA 
testing must be initiated no later than ten (10) days

[[Page 760]]

after the SEA failure unless extended by the Administrator; otherwise, 
the manufacturer may forfeit the option to elect an NCP;
    (4) PCA testing must be conducted on the same configuration that 
failed the SEA;
    (5) Test results from the SEA, together with any additional test 
results required during the PCA, will be used in establishing a 
compliance level for the configuration pursuant to Sec. 86.1112-87(a); 
and
    (6) The manufacturer, upon approval by the Administrator to conduct 
a PCA on a failed SEA engine or vehicle configuration, must agree:
    (i) To pay the NCP amount calculated as a result of PCA testing on 
each engine or vehicle introduced into commerce after the tenth day of 
the SEA failure, unless the manufacturer successfully challenges the 
Administrator's determination of the compliance level or penalty 
calculation or both under Sec. 86.1115-87(c);
    (ii) To recall any engines or vehicles introduced into commerce 
after the tenth day of the SEA failure, without invoking the procedural 
requirements of section 207(c) of the Clean Air Act, if the compliance 
level of the engine or vehicle configuration exceeds the upper limit as 
determined by the PCA.
    (c) An engine or vehicle configuration, for which an NCP has been 
previously assessed for a particular pollutant, either passes an SEA 
with respect to the particular pollutant standard, fails an SEA with 
respect to the particular pollutant standard but not the previous 
compliance level, or fails an SEA with respect to the previous 
compliance level but not the associated upper limit, Provided, That:
    (1) The manufacturer must submit a written statement to the 
Administrator within five (5) days of the conclusion of the SEA 
requesting a PCA, including the date the PCA testing will begin; 
otherwise, the manufacturer forfeits the option to establish a new 
compliance level;
    (2) The selection of any required engines or vehicles for PCA 
testing must be initiated no later than ten (10) days after the 
conclusion of the SEA unless the period is extended by the 
Administrator; otherwise, the manufacturer forfeits the option to 
establish a new compliance level;
    (3) PCA testing must be conducted on the same configuration tested 
during the SEA, and all conditions in the SEA test order must apply to 
the PCA;
    (4) Test results for the SEA, together with any additional test 
results required during the PCA, will be used in establishing a new 
compliance level for the configuration pursuant to Sec. 86.1112-87(a);
    (5) The manufacturer must agree:
    (i) To pay the NCP amount calculated as a result of PCA testing on 
each engine or vehicle introduced into commerce after the tenth day of 
the conclusion of the SEA, unless the manufacturer successfully 
challenges the Administrator's determination of the compliance level or 
penalty calculation or both under Sec. 86.1115-87(c);
    (ii) To recall any engines or vehicles introduced into commerce 
after the tenth day after the conclusion of the SEA, without invoking 
the procedural requirements of section 207(c) of the Clean Air Act, if 
the engine or vehicle configuration exceeds the upper limit as 
determined by the PCA;
    (6) A previously assessed NCP will be terminated and no NCP will be 
established as a result of the new PCA if the compliance level is 
determined to be below the applicable emission standards.
    (d) The implementation of a production running change that causes 
the emission level for a particular pollutant to be either above the 
emission standard but below the associated upper limit for a vehicle or 
engine configuration for which an NCP has not been previously assessed, 
or below the associated upper limit for a vehicle or engine 
configuration for which an NCP has been previously assessed, regardless 
of the previous compliance level. In that event, the manufacturer will 
be offered a qualified certificate of conformity allowing for the 
introduction into commerce of the engine or vehicle configuration 
resulting from the running change, Provided, That:
    (1) The manufacturer must submit a written report to the 
Administrator outlining the reason for the running change and the date 
the manufacturer will begin PCA testing;

[[Page 761]]

    (2) The manufacturer must agree:
    (i) To pay the NCP amount calculated as a result of PCA testing on 
each engine or vehicle, unless the manufacturer successfully challenges 
the Administrator's determination of compliance level or penalty 
calculation or both under Sec. 86.1115-87(c);
    (ii) To recall any engines or vehicles introduced into commerce, 
without invoking the procedural requirements of section 207(c) of the 
Clean Air Act, if the engine or vehicle configuration exceeds the upper 
limit as determined by the PCA;
    (3) The selection of engines or vehicles for PCA testing must be 
initiated no later than five (5) days after the start of assembly line 
production of the engine or vehicle configuration resulting from the 
running change unless that period is extended by the Administrator; and
    (4) If the compliance level is determined to be below the applicable 
emission standard, a previously assessed NCP will be terminated, an NCP 
will not be established as a result of the PCA testing, and all 
qualifications will be removed from the qualified certificate of 
conformity.
    (e) The following requirements are applicable to each PCA under this 
subpart.
    (1) The manufacturer shall make the following documents available to 
EPA Enforcement Officers upon request;
    (i) A properly filed and current application for certification, 
following the format prescribed by the EPA for the appropriate model 
year; and
    (ii) A copy of the shop manual and dealer service bulletins for the 
configurations being tested.
    (2) Only one mechanic at a time per engine or vehicle shall make 
authorized checks, adjustments, or repairs, unless a particular check, 
adjustment, or repair requires a second mechanic as indicated in the 
shop manual or dealer service bulletins.
    (3) A mechanic shall not perform any check, adjustment, or repair 
without an Enforcement Officer present unless otherwise authorized.
    (4) The manufacturer shall utilize only those tools and test 
equipment utilized by its dealers or those dealers using its engines 
when performing authorized checks, adjustments, or repairs.

[50 FR 35388, Aug. 30, 1985, as amended at 58 FR 68540, Dec. 28, 1993]



Sec. 86.1107-87  Testing by the Administrator.

    (a) The Administrator may require that engines or vehicles of a 
specified configuration be selected in a manner consistent with the 
requirements of Sec. 86.1110-87 and submitted to him at such place as he 
may designate for the purpose of conducting emission tests in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1111-87 to determine whether engines or vehicles 
manufactured by the manufacturer conform with the regulations of this 
subpart.
    (b)(1) Whenever the Administrator conducts a test on a test engine 
or vehicle or the Administrator and manufacturer each conduct a test on 
the same test engine or vehicle, the results of the Administrator's test 
will comprise the official data for that engine or vehicle.
    (2) Whenever the manufacturer conducts all tests on a test engine or 
vehicle, the manufacturer's test data will be accepted as the official 
data, provided that if the Administrator makes a determination based on 
testing under paragraph (a) of this section that there is a substantial 
lack of agreement between the manufacturer's test results and the 
Administrator's test results, no manufacturer's test data from the 
manufacturer's test facility will be accepted for purposes of this 
subpart.
    (c) If the Administrator determines that testing conducted under 
paragraph (a) of this section demonstrates a lack of agreement under 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the Administrator shall:
    (1) Notify the manufacturer in writing of his determination that the 
manufacturer's test facility is inappropriate for conducting the tests 
required by this subpart and the reasons therefore; and
    (2) Reinstate any manufacturer's data only upon a showing by the 
manufacturer that the data acquired under paragraph (a) of this section 
was erroneous and the manufacturer's data was correct.

[[Page 762]]

    (d) The manufacturer may request in writing that the Administrator 
reconsider his determination in paragraph (b)(2) of this section based 
on data or information which indicates that changes have been made to 
the test facility and that these changes have resolved the reasons for 
disqualification.



Sec. 86.1108-87  Maintenance of records.

    (a) The manufacturer of any new gasoline-fueled or diesel heavy-duty 
engine or heavy-duty vehicle subject to any of the provisions of this 
subpart shall establish, maintain, and retain the following adequately 
organized and indexed records:
    (1) General records. A description of all equipment used to test 
engines or vehicles in accordance with Sec. 86.1111-87, pursuant to PCA 
testing under this subpart, specifically;
    (i) If testing heavy-duty gasoline engines, the equipment 
requirements specified in Secs. 86.1306-84 and 86.1506-84 of this part.
    (ii) If testing heavy-duty diesel engines, the equipment 
requirements specified in Secs. 86.1306-84, 86.1506-84, 86.879-6, 
86.879-8 and 86.879-9 of this part;
    (iii) If testing light-duty gasoline-fueled trucks, the equipment 
requirements specified in Secs. 86.106 (excluding all references to 
particulate emission testing) and 86.1506-84 of this part; and
    (iv) If testing light-duty diesel trucks, the equipment requirements 
specified in Sec. 86.106 (excluding all references to evaporative 
emission testing) of this part.
    (2) Individual records. These records pertain to each Production 
Compliance Audit conducted pursuant to this subpart.
    (i) The date, time, and location of each test;
    (ii) The number of hours of service accumulated on the engine or the 
number of miles on the vehicle when the test began and ended;
    (iii) The names of all supervisory personnel involved in the conduct 
of the Production Compliance Audit;
    (iv) A record and description of any repair performed, giving the 
date and time of the repair, the reason for it, the person authorizing 
it, and the names of all personnel involved in the supervision and 
performance of the repair;
    (v) The date when the engine or vehicle was shipped from the 
assembly plant or associated storage facility and when it was received 
at the testing facility;
    (vi) A complete record of all emission tests performed pursuant to 
this subpart (except tests performed by EPA directly), including all 
individual worksheets and/or other documentation relating to each test, 
or exact copies thereof, specifically--
    (A) If testing heavy-duty gasoline engines, the record requirements 
specified in Secs. 86.1342-84 and 86.1542-84 of this part;
    (B) If testing heavy-duty diesel engines, the record requirements 
specified in Secs. 86.1342-84, 86.1542-84, and Sec. 86.879-10; 
(Sec. 86.337-79 for subpart D testing only).
    (C) If testing light-duty gasoline fueled trucks, the record 
requirements specified in Secs. 86.142 (excluding all references to 
diesel vehicles) and 86.1542-84; and
    (D) If the testing light-duty diesel trucks, the record requirements 
specified in Sec. 86.142; and
    (vii) A brief description of any significant Production Compliance 
Audit events commencing with the test engine or vehicle selection 
process, but not described by any subparagraph under paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, including such extraordinary events as engine damage 
during shipment or vehicle accident.
    (3) The manufacturer shall record the test equipment description, 
pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section, for each test cell that 
was used to perform emission testing under this subpart.
    (b) The manufacturer shall retain all records required to be 
maintained under this subpart for a period of six (6) years after 
completion of all testing. Records may be retained as hard copy or 
reduced to microfilm, punch cards, etc., depending upon the 
manufacturer's record retention procedure, provided that in every case 
all the information contained in the hard copy is retained.

[[Page 763]]



Sec. 86.1109-87  Entry and access.

    (a) To allow the Administrator to determine whether a manufacturer 
is complying with the provisions of this subpart, EPA Enforcement 
Officers are authorized to enter any of the following (during operating 
hours and upon presentation of credentials):
    (1) Any facility where any engine or vehicle to be introduced into 
commerce or any emission related component is manufactured, assembled, 
or stored;
    (2) Any facility where any tests conducted pursuant to a PCA request 
or any procedures or activities connected with these tests are or were 
performed;
    (3) Any facility where any engine or vehicle which is being tested, 
was tested, or will be tested is present; and
    (4) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any 
of the above is located.
    (b) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (a) of 
this section, EPA Enforcement Officers are authorized to perform the 
following inspection-related activities:
    (1) To inspect and monitor any aspects of engine or vehicle 
manufacture, assembly, storage, testing and other procedures, and the 
facilities in which these procedures are conducted.
    (2) To inspect and monitor any aspect of engine or vehicle test 
procedures or activities, including, but not limited to, monitoring 
engine or vehicle selection, preparation, service or mileage 
accumulation, preconditioning, repairs, emission test cycles, and 
maintenance; and to verify calibration of test equipment;
    (3) To inspect and make copies of any records or documents related 
to the assembly, storage, selection and testing of an engine or vehicle; 
and
    (4) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any engine or 
vehicle and any component used in the assembly thereof that is 
reasonably related to the purpose of the entry.
    (c) EPA Enforcement Officers are authorized to obtain reasonable 
assistance without cost from those in charge of a facility to help them 
perform any function listed in this subpart and are authorized to 
request the manufacturer conducting the PCA to make arrangement with 
those in charge of a facility operated for its benefit to furnish 
reasonable assistance without cost to EPA, whether or not the 
manufacturer controls the facility.
    (d) EPA Enforcement Officers are authorized to seek a warrant or 
court order authorizing the EPA Enforcement Officers to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section, as 
appropriate, to execute the functions specified in this section. EPA 
Enforcement Officers may proceed ex parte to obtain a warrant whether or 
not the Enforcement Officers first attempted to seek permission of the 
manufacturer conducting the PCA or the party in charge of the facilities 
in question to conduct activities related to entry and access as 
authorized in this section.
    (e) A manufacturer that conducts a PCA shall permit EPA Enforcement 
Officers who present a warrant or court order as described in paragraph 
(d) of this section to conduct activities related to entry and access as 
authorized in this section and as described in the warrant or court 
order. The manufacturer shall cause those in charge of its facility or a 
facility operated for its benefit to permit EPA Enforcement Officers to 
conduct activities related to entry and access as authorized in this 
section pursuant to a warrant or court order whether or not the 
manufacturer controls the facility. In the absence of such a warrant or 
court order, EPA Enforcement Officers may conduct activities related to 
entry and access as authorized in this section only upon the consent of 
the manufacturer or the party in charge of the facilities in question.
    (f) It is not a violation of this part or the Clean Air Act for any 
person to refuse to permit EPA Enforcement Officers to conduct 
activities related to entry and access as authorized in this section 
without a warrant or court order.
    (g) A manufacturer is responsible for locating its foreign testing 
and manufacturing facilities in jurisdictions in which local foreign law 
does not prohibit EPA Enforcement Officers from conducting the entry and 
access activities specified in this section. EPA will not attempt to 
make any inspections which it has been informed that local foreign law 
prohibits.

[[Page 764]]

    (h) For purposes of this section, the following definitions are 
applicable:
    (1) Presentation of Credentials means display of the document 
designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer.
    (2) Where engine or vehicle storage areas or facilities are 
concerned, operating hours means all times during which personnel other 
than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of the area or 
facility and have access to it.
    (3) Where facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph 
(h)(2) of this section are concerned, operating hours means all times 
during which an assembly line is in operation, engine or vehicle 
assembly is taking place, testing repair, service accumulation, 
preparation or compilation of records is taking place, or any other 
procedure or activity related to engine or vehicle manufacture, assembly 
or testing is being carried out in a facility.
    (4) Reasonable assistance includes, but is not limited to, clerical, 
copying, interpreting and translating services, and making personnel of 
the facility being inspected available during their working hours on an 
EPA Enforcement Officer's request to inform the EPA Enforcement Officer 
of how the facility operates and to answer his or her questions. Any 
employee whom an EPA Enforcement Officer requests the manufacturer to 
cause to appear for questioning will be entitled to be accompanied, 
represented and advised by counsel.



Sec. 86.1110-87  Sample selection.

    (a) Engines or vehicles comprising a test sample which are required 
to be tested pursuant to a PCA in accordance with this subpart will be 
selected at the location and in the manner specified by EPA. If a 
manufacturer determines that the test engines or vehicles cannot be 
selected in the manner specified by EPA, an alternative selection 
procedure may be employed, provided that the manufacturer requests 
approval of the alternative procedure in advance of the start of test 
sample selection and that the Administrator approves the procedure.
    (b) The manufacturer shall have assembled the test engines or 
vehicles of the configuration selected for testing using its normal mass 
production processes for engines or vehicles to be distributed into 
commerce. In the case of heavy-duty engines, if the test engines are 
selected at a location where they do not have their operational and 
emission control systems installed, EPA will specify the manner and 
location for selection of components to complete assembly of the 
engines. The manufacturer shall assemble these components onto the test 
engines using normal assembly and quality control procedures as 
documented by the manufacturer.
    (c) No quality control, testing, or assembly procedures will be used 
on the completed test engine or vehicle or any portion thereof, 
including parts and subassemblies, that will not be used during the 
production and assembly of all other engines or vehicles of that 
configuration.
    (d) The EPA Enforcement Officers may specify that they, rather than 
the manufacturer, will select the test engines or vehicles.
    (e) The order in which test engines or vehicles are selected 
determines the order in which test results are to be used in applying 
the PCA testing plan in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87.
    (f) The manufacturer shall keep on hand all engines or vehicles 
comprising the test sample until such time as a compliance level is 
determined in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(a) except that the 
manufacturer may ship any tested engine or vehicle which has not failed 
in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(f)(1). However, once the manufacturer 
ships any test engine or vehicle, it relinquishes the prerogative to 
conduct retests as provided in Sec. 86.1111-87(i).



Sec. 86.1111-87  Test procedures for PCA testing.

    (a)(1) For heavy-duty engines, the prescribed test procedure for PCA 
testing is the Federal Test Procedure as described in subparts N, I, and 
P of this part.
    (2) For heavy-duty vehicles, the prescribed test procedure for PCA 
testing is described in subpart M of this part.
    (3) For light-duty trucks, the prescribed test procedure for PCA 
testing

[[Page 765]]

is the Federal Test Procedure as described in subparts B and P of this 
part.
    (4) During the testing of heavy-duty diesel engines, the 
manufacturer shall decide for each engine, prior to the start of the 
initial cold cycle, whether the measurement of background particulate is 
required for the cold and hot cycles to be valid. The manufacturer may 
choose to have different requirements for the cold and hot cycles. If a 
manufacturer chooses to require the measurement of background 
particulate, failure to measure background particulate shall void the 
test cycle regardless of the test results. If a test cycle is void, the 
manufacturer shall retest using the same validity requirements of the 
initial test.
    (5) When testing light-duty trucks, the following exceptions to the 
test procedures in subpart B are applicable:
    (i) The manufacturer may use gasoline test fuel meeting the 
specifications of paragraph (a) of Sec. 86.113 for mileage accumulation. 
Otherwise, the manufacturer may use fuels other than those specified in 
this section only with advance approval of the Administrator.
    (ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel 
at other than the approximate midvolume of the fuel tank, as specified 
in paragraph (a) of Sec. 86.131, and may drain the test fuel from other 
than the lowest point of the fuel tank, as specified in paragraph (b) of 
Sec. 86.131, with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on PCA 
test vehicles other than the preconditioning specified in Sec. 86.132 
only if the additional preconditioning has been performed on 
certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
    (iv) The manufacturer shall perform the heat build procedure 11 to 
34 hours following vehicle preconditioning rather than according to the 
time period specified in paragraph (a) of Sec. 86.133.
    (v) The manufacturer may substitute slave tires for the drive wheel 
tires on the vehicle as specified in paragraph (e) of Sec. 86.135, 
provided that the slave tires are the same size as the drive wheel 
tires.
    (vi) The cold start exhaust emission test described in Sec. 86.137 
shall follow the heat build procedure described in Sec. 86.133 by not 
more than one hour.
    (vii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140:
    (A) When testing diesel vehicles, the manufacturer shall allow a 
minimum of 20 minutes warm-up for the HC analyzer, and a minimum of 2 
hours warm-up for the CO, CO2 and NOX analyzers. 
[Power is normally left on for infrared and chemiluminescent analyzers. 
When not in use, the chopper motors of the infrared analyzers are turned 
off and the phototube high voltage supply to the chemiluminescent 
analyzers is placed in the standby position.]
    (B) The manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from 
condensing in the sample collection bags.
    (viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142, since the 
records required therein are provided under other provisions of this 
subpart.
    (ix) In addition to the requirements of subpart B of this part, the 
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles as follows prior to 
exhaust emission testing:
    (A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to insure the 
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a 
pressure of 14.5  0.5 inches of water to the fuel system, 
allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating the fuel system from 
the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel system, pressure 
must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water in 5 minutes. If required, 
the manufacturer shall perform corrective action in accordance with 
paragraph (d) of this section.
    (B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall 
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative emission control 
system.
    (C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative 
emission control system by component addition, deletion, or 
substitution, except to comply with paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section 
if approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (b)(1) The manufacturer shall not adjust, repair, prepare, or modify 
the engines or vehicles selected for testing and shall not perform any 
emission

[[Page 766]]

tests on engines or vehicles selected for testing pursuant to a PCA 
request unless the adjustment, repair, preparation, modification, or 
tests are documented in the manufacturer's engine or vehicle assembly 
and inspection procedures and are actually performed on all engines or 
vehicles produced or unless these adjustments or tests are required or 
permitted under this subpart or are approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (2) For 1984 and later model years the Administrator may adjust or 
cause to be adjusted any engine parameter which the Administrator has 
determined to be subject to adjustment for certification, Selective 
Enforcement Audit and Production. Compliance Audit testing in accordance 
with Sec. 86.084-22(e)(1), to any setting within the physically 
adjustable range of that parameter, as determined by the Administrator 
in accordance with Sec. 86.084-2(e)(3)(ii), prior to the performance of 
any tests. However, if the idle speed parameter is one which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment, the 
Administrator shall not adjust it to any setting which causes a lower 
engine idle speed than would have been possible within the physically 
adjustable range of the idle speed parameter if the manufacturer had 
accumulated 125 hours of service on the engine or 4,000 miles on the 
vehicle under paragraph (c) of this section, all other parameters being 
identically adjusted for the purpose of the comparison. The manufacturer 
may be requested to supply information to establish such an alternative 
minimum idle speed. The Administrator, in making or specifying these 
adjustments, may consider the effect of the deviation from the 
manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions performance 
characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar settings will 
occur on in-use heavy-duty engines or light-duty trucks. In determining 
likelihood, the Administrator may consider factors such as, but not 
limited to, the effect of the adjustment on engine or vehicle 
performance characteristics and surveillance information from similar 
in-use engines or vehicles.
    (c) Prior to performing emission testing on a PCA test engine, the 
manufacturer may accumulate on each engine a number of hours of service 
equal to the greater of 125 hours or the number of hours the 
manufacturer accumulated during certification on the emission-data 
engine corresponding to the configuration tested during PCA. Prior to 
performing emission testing on a PCA test vehicle, the manufacturer may 
accumulate a number of miles equal to the greater of 4,000 miles or the 
number of miles the manufacturer accumulated during certification on the 
emission-data vehicle corresponding to the configuration tested during 
PCA. Service or mileage accumulation may be performed in any manner the 
manufacturer desires.
    (d) No maintenance shall be performed on test engines or vehicles 
after selection for testing nor will any test engine or vehicle 
substitution or replacement be allowed, unless requested of and approved 
by the Administrator in advance of the performance of any maintenance or 
engine or vehicle substitution.
    (e) The manufacturer shall expeditiously ship test engines or 
vehicles from the point of selection to the test facility or other 
location to meet any other requirements of this subpart. If the test 
facility is not located at or in close proximity to the point of 
selection, the manufacturer shall assure that test engines or vehicles 
arrive at the test facility within 24 hours of selection, except that 
the Administrator may approve more time based upon a request by the 
manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
    (f) If an engine or vehicle cannot complete the service or mileage 
accumulation or emission tests because of engine or vehicle malfunction, 
the manufacturer may request that the Administrator authorize the repair 
of the engine or vehicle. If the engine or vehicle cannot be repaired 
expeditiously, EPA may delete it from the test sequence.
    (g)(1) Heavy-duty engine manufacturers with projected sales bound 
for the United States market for that year of 30,000 or greater, as made 
in their respective Applications for Certification, shall complete 
emission testing at their testing facility on a minimum of

[[Page 767]]

two engines per 24 hour period, including voided tests.
    (2) Heavy-duty engine manufacturers with projected sales bound for 
the United States market for that year of less than 30,000, as made in 
their respective Applications for Certification, Shall complete emission 
testing at one engine per 24 hour period, including voided tests.
    (3) Light-duty truck manufacturers shall complete emission testing 
on a minimum of four vehicles per 24 hour period, including voided 
tests.
    (4) The Administrator may approve a longer period of time for 
conducting emission tests based upon a request by a manufacturer 
accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
    (h) The manufacturer shall perform test engine or vehicle selection, 
shipping, preparation, service or mileage accumulation, and testing in 
such a manner as to insure that the audit is performed in an expeditious 
manner.
    (i) The manufacturer may retest any engines or vehicles tested 
during a Production Compliance Audit once a compliance level has been 
established in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87 based on the first test 
on each engine or vehicle. The Administrator may approve retesting at 
other times based upon a request by the manufacturer accompanied by a 
satisfactory justification. The manufacturer may test each engine or 
vehicle a total of three times. The manufacturer shall test each engine 
or vehicle the same number of times. The manufacturer may accumulate 
additional service or mileage before conducting a retest, subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (c) of this section.

[50 FR 35388, Aug. 30, 1985, as amended at 62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1112-87  Determining the compliance level and reporting of test results.

    (a) A manufacturer that has elected to conduct a PCA in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1106-87 may establish the compliance level for a pollutant 
for any engine or vehicle configuration by using the primary PCA 
sampling plan or either of two optional reduced PCA sampling plans (the 
fixed reduced sampling plan or the sequential reduced sampling plan) 
described below. A manufacturer that uses either of the two optional 
reduced PCA sampling plans may elect to continue testing and establish a 
compliance level under the primary PCA sampling plan.
    (1) A manufacturer that elects to conduct a PCA for a pollutant 
using the primary PCA sampling plan shall:
    (i) Conduct emission tests on 24 engines or vehicles in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1111-87 for the pollutants for which the PCA was initiated. 
If the PCA follows an SEA failure, the number of additional tests 
conducted shall be the difference between 24 and the number of engines 
or vehicles tested in the SEA. If 24 or more engines or vehicles were 
tested in the SEA, no additional tests shall be conducted; and
    (ii) Rank the final deteriorated test results, as defined by 
paragraph (e) of this section, obtained for that pollutant in order from 
the lowest to the highest value. If the PCA follows an SEA failure, all 
SEA test results for that pollutant shall be included in this ranking.
    (iii) The compliance level for that pollutant is the final 
deteriorated test result in the sequence determined from table 1 of 
appendix XII of these regulations.
    (2) A manufacturer that elects to conduct a PCA for a pollutant 
using the fixed reduced PCA sampling plan shall:
    (i) Select a sample size between 3 and 23 engines or vehicles. If 
the PCA follows an SEA failure, the sample size selected cannot be less 
than the number of engines or vehicles tested during the SEA; and
    (ii) Conduct emission tests on the selected sample in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1111-87 for the pollutants for which the PCA was initiated.
    (iii) The compliance level for the pollutant is the result of the 
following equation, using the test results obtained in paragraph 
(a)(2)(ii) of this section and all SEA test results for that pollutant 
if the PCA follows an SEA failure:

CL=X + Ks

where:

CL=The compliance level.

[[Page 768]]

X=The mean of the final deteriorated test results, as defined by 
paragraph (e) of this section.
K=A value that depends on the size of the test sample. See table 2 of 
appendix XII of this part for the value of K that corresponds to the 
size of the test sample.
s=The sample standard deviation.


The compliance level is rounded to the same number of significant 
figures contained in the applicable standard in accordance with ASTM 
E29-67.
    (3) A manufacturer that elects to conduct a PCA for a pollutant 
using the sequential reduced PCA sampling plan shall perform the 
following:
    (i) Select a sample size of 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 engines or vehicles. 
If the PCA follows an SEA failure, the sample size selected cannot be 
less than the number of engines or vehicles tested during the SEA.
    (ii) Conduct emission tests on the selected sample in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1111-87 for the pollutants for which the PCA was initiated.
    (iii) The compliance level for the pollutant is the result of the 
following equation, using the test results obtained in (a)(3)(ii) and 
all SEA test results for that pollutant if the PCA follows an SEA 
failure:

CL=X + Ks

where:

CL=The compliance level.
X=The mean of the final deteriorated test results, as defined by 
paragraph (e) of this section.
K=A value that depends on the size of the test sample. See table 3 of 
appendix XII of this part for the value of K that corresponds to the 
size of the test sample.
s=The sample standard deviation.


The compliance level is rounded to the same number of significant 
figures contained in the applicable standard in accordance with ASTM 
E29-67.
    (iv) After calculating a compliance level in accordance with 
paragraph (a)(3)(iii) of this section, a manufacturer may elect to 
increase the sample size by 4 engines or vehicles, or a multiple 
thereof, up to the maximum, including SEA engines or vehicles if any, of 
20. Upon that election, the manufacturer shall add the additional 
engines or vehicles to the sample and perform paragraphs (a)(3)(ii) and 
(a)(3)(iii) of this section. This election may be repeated if 
appropriate. A compliance level determined under this election shall 
replace a previously determined compliance level.
    (b) A fail decision is reached with respect to the upper limit when 
the compliance level determined in paragraph (a) of this section exceeds 
the applicable upper limit.
    (c) Initial test results are calculated following the Federal Test 
Procedure specified in Sec. 86.1111-87(a).
    (d) Final test results are calculated by summing the initial test 
results derived in paragraph (c) of this section for each test engine or 
vehicle, dividing by the number of tests conducted on the engine or 
vehicle, and rounding in accordance with ASTM E29-67 to the same number 
of decimal places contained in the applicable standard expressed to one 
additional significant figure.
    (e) Final deteriorated test results. (1) The final deteriorated test 
results for each heavy-duty engine or light-duty truck tested according 
to subpart B, I, N, or P of this part are calculated by applying the 
final test results by the appropriate deterioration factor, derived from 
the certification process for the engine family control system 
combination and model year for the selected configuration to which the 
test engine or vehicle belongs. If the deterioration factor computed 
during the certification process is multiplicative and it is less than 
one, that deterioration factor will be one. If the deterioration factor 
computed during the certification process is additive and it is less 
than zero, that deterioration factor will be zero.
    (2) The final deteriorated test results are rounded to the same 
number of significant figures contained in the applicable standard in 
accordance with ASTM E29-67.
    (f) A failed engine or vehicle is one whose final deteriorated test 
results, for one or more of the applicable exhaust pollutants, exceed:
    (1) The applicable emission standard, or
    (2) The compliance level established in paragraph (b) of this 
section.
    (g) Within five working days after completion of PCA testing of all 
engines or vehicles, the manufacturer

[[Page 769]]

shall submit to the Administrator a report which includes the following 
information:
    (1) The location and description of the manufacturer's emission test 
facilities which were utilized to conduct testing reported pursuant to 
this section;
    (2) The applicable standards against which the engines or vehicles 
were tested;
    (3) Deterioration factors for the engine family to which the 
selected configuration belongs;
    (4) A description of the engine or vehicle and any emission-related 
component selection method used;
    (5) For each test conducted:
    (i) Test engine or vehicle description, including;
    (A) Configuration and engine family identification,
    (B) Year, make and build date,
    (C) Engine or vehicle identification number, and
    (D) Number of hours of service accumulated on engine or number of 
miles on vehicle prior to testing;
    (ii) Location where service or mileage accumulation was conducted 
and description of accumulation procedure and schedule;
    (iii) Test number, date, initial test results before and after 
rounding, final test results and final deteriorated test results for all 
emission tests, whether valid or invalid, and the reason for 
invalidation, if applicable;
    (iv) A complete description of any modification, repair, 
preparation, maintenance, and/or testing which was performed on the test 
engine or vehicle and has not been reported pursuant to any other 
paragraph of this subpart and will not be performed on all other 
production engines or vehicles; and
    (v) Any other information the Administrator may request relevant to 
the determination as to whether the new heavy-duty engines or heavy-duty 
vehicles being manufactured by the manufacturer do in fact conform with 
the regulations of this subpart; and
    (6) The following statement and endorsement:

    This report is submitted pursuant to section 206 of the Clean Air 
Act. This Production Compliance Audit was conducted in complete 
conformance with all applicable regulations under 40 CFR part 86 et seq. 
All data and information reported herein is, to the best of

(Company Name)____________________'s
knowledge, true and accurate. I am aware of the penalties associated 
with violations of the Clean Air Act and the regulations thereunder.

_______________________________________________________________________
(Authorized Company Representative)



Sec. 86.1113-87  Calculation and payment of penalty.

    (a) The NCP for each engine or vehicle for which a compliance level 
has been determined under Sec. 86.1112-87 is calculated according to the 
formula in paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section depending on the 
value of the compliance level. Each formula contains an annual 
adjustment factor (AAFi) which is defined in paragraph (a)(3) 
of this section. Other terms in the formulas are defined in paragraph 
(a)(4) of this section.
    (1) If the compliance level (CL) is greater than the standard and 
less than or equal to X (e.g., point CL1 in figure 1), then:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.111

where:

PR1 = (F) (MC50)

    (2) If the compliance level is greater than X and less than or equal 
to the upper limit as determined by Sec. 86.1104-87 (e.g., point 
CL2 in figure 1), then:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.112


[[Page 770]]


where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.113

    (3) AAFi has the following values:
    (i) If fraci-1 = 0, then AAFi = 1 + 
Ii-1
    (ii) If fraci-1 >0, then:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.114
    
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.183
    

If fraci-1 >0.50, then fraci-1 will be set equal 
to 0.50.
    (iii) AAF1=1
    (iv) In calculating the NCP for year n, the value fraci-1 
for i=n will include actual NCP usage through March 31 of model year n-1 
and EPA's estimate of additional usage for the remainder of model year 
n-1 using manufacturer input. All manufacturers using NCPs must report 
by subclass actual NCP and non-NCP production numbers through March 31, 
an estimate of NCP and non-NCP production for the remainder of the model 
year, and the previous year's actual NCP and non-NCP production to EPA 
no later than April 30 of the model year. If EPA is unable to obtain 
similar information from manufacturers not using NCPs, EPA will use 
projected sales data from the manufacturers' application for 
certification in computing the total production of the subclass and the 
fraci-1. The value of fraci-1 will be corrected to 
reflect actual year-end usage of NCPs and a corrected AAF will be used 
to establish NCPs in future years. The correction of previous year's AAF 
will not affect the previous year's penalty.
    (4) The terms in the above formulas have the following meanings and 
values, which may be determined separately for each subclass and 
pollutant for which an NCP is offered. The production of Federal and 
California designated engines or vehicles shall be combined for the 
purpose of this section in calculating the NCP for each engine or 
vehicle.


[[Page 771]]


NCPn=NCP for year n for each applicable engine or vehicle
CL=Compliance level for year n for applicable engines or vehicles
S=Emission standard
UL=Upper limit as determined by section 86.1104-87, except that, if the 
upper limit is determined by section 86.1104-87(c), the value of UL in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be the prior emission standard 
for that pollutant.
UL'=Upper limit as determined by section 86.1104-87(c). This value is 
not used in the above formulas.
X=Compliance level above the standard at which NCP1 equals 
COC50
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.115

PR1=Penalty rate when CL X
PR2=Penalty rate when X< CL applicable upper limit
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.116

i=An index representing a year. It represents the same year for both 
Federal and California designated engines or vehicles of the same 
production model year.
n=Index representing the number of model years for which the NCP has 
been available for an engine or vehicle subclass (i.e., n=1 for the 
first year that the NCP is available, and so on until n=n for the nth 
year that the NCP is available). The factor ``n'' is based on the model 
year the NCP is first available, as specified in section 86.1105-87 for 
the engine or vehicle subclass and pollutant for both Federal and 
California designated engines and vehicles.
COC50=Estimate of the average total incremental cost to 
comply with the standard relative to complying with the upper limit.
COC90=Estimate of the 90th percentile total incremental cost 
to comply with the standard relative to complying with the upper limit.
MC50=Estimate of the average marginal cost of compliance 
(dollars per emission unit) with the standard.
F=Factor used to estimate the 90th percentile marginal cost based on the 
average marginal cost (the minimum value of F is 1.1, the maximum value 
of F is 1.3).
AAFi=Annual adjustment factor for year i, fraci-
1=Fraction of engines or vehicles of a subclass using NCPs in 
previous year (year i-1).
Ai=Usage adjustment factor in year i: Ai=0.10 for 
i=2; Ai=0.08 for i<2.
Ii=Percentage increase in overall consumer price index in 
year i.

    (5) The values of COC50, COC90, 
MC50 and F will be determined for each applicable subclass by 
EPA based on the cost data used by EPA in setting the applicable 
emission standard. However, where the rulemaking to establish a specific 
NCP occurs after the rulemaking to establish the standard, EPA may 
augment the data base used to establish the standard by including the 
best cost and emission performance data available to EPA during the 
specific NCP rulemaking.
    (6) In calculating the NCP, appropriate values of the following 
predefined terms should be used: CL, S, UL, F, and Ai. For 
all other terms, unrounded values of at least five figures beyond the 
decimal point should be used in calculations leading up to the penalty 
amount. Any NCP calculated under paragraph (a) of this section will be 
rounded to the nearest dollar in accordance with ASTM E29-67.
    (b) The NCP determined in paragraph (a) of this section is assessed 
against all those engines or vehicles of the nonconforming configuration 
or engine family produced at all assembly plants and distributed into 
commerce--
    (1) Since the beginning of the model year in the case of a 
certification failure described by Sec. 86.1106-87(a).
    (2) Beginning ten days after an SEA failure described by 
Sec. 86.1106-87 (b) or (c).
    (3) Following implementation of a production running change 
described by Sec. 86.1106-87(d).
    (c) The NCP will continue to be assessed during the model year, 
until such time, if any, that the configuration or engine family is 
brought into conformance with applicable emission standards.
    (d) A manufacturer may carry over an NCP from a model year to the 
next

[[Page 772]]

model year. There is no limit to the number of years that carryover can 
continue. The amount of the penalty will increase each year according to 
paragraph (a) of this section.
    (e) The Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing of 
the nonconformance penalty established under paragraph (a) of this 
section after the completion of the PCA under Sec. 86.1112-87.
    (f) A manufacturer may request a hearing under Sec. 86.1115-87 as to 
whether the compliance level (including a compliance level in excess of 
the upper limit) was determined in accordance with the procedures in 
Sec. 86.1112-87(a) or whether the nonconformance penalty was calculated 
in accordance with the procedures in Sec. 86.1113-87(a). If a 
nonconformance penalty has been established, such hearing must be 
requested within fifteen (15) days or such other period as may be 
allowed by the Administrator after the notification of the 
nonconformance penalty. If a manufacturer wishes to challenge a 
compliance level in excess of the upper limit, he must request a hearing 
within fifteen (15) days or such other period as may be allowed by the 
Administrator after the completion of the Production Compliance Audit.
    (g)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(2) of this section, the 
nonconformance penalty or penalties assessed under this subpart must be 
paid as follows:
    (i) By the quarterly due dates, i.e., within 30 days of the end of 
each calendar quarter (March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31), 
or according to such other payment schedule as the Administrator may 
approve pursuant to a manufacturer's request, for all nonconforming 
engines or vehicles produced by a manufacturer in accordance with 
paragraph (b) of this section and distributed into commerce for that 
quarter.
    (ii) The penalty shall be payable to U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency, NCP Fund, P.O. Box 360277M, Pittsburgh, PA 15251.
    (2) When a manufacturer has requested a hearing under Sec. 86.1115-
87, it must pay the nonconformance penalty, and any interest, within ten 
days after the Presiding Officer renders his decision, unless the 
manufacturer first files a notice of intention to appeal to the 
Administrator pursuant to Sec. 86.1115-87(t)(1), or, if an appeal of the 
Presiding Officer's decision is taken, within ten days after the 
Administrator renders his decision, unless the manufacturer first files 
a petition for judicial review.
    (3) A manufacturer making payment under paragraph (g)(1) or (g)(2) 
of this section shall submit the following information by each quarterly 
due date to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460. 
This information shall be submitted even if a manufacturer has no NCP 
production in a given quarter.
    (i) Corporate identification, identification and quantity of engines 
or vehicles subject to the NCP, certificate identification (number and 
date), NCP payment calculations and interest payment calculations, if 
applicable.
    (ii) The following statement and endorsement:

    This information is submitted pursuant to section 206 of the Clean 
Air Act. All information reported herein is, to the best of
__________________________________________'s
(Company name)

knowledge, true and accurate. I am aware of the penalties associated 
with violations of the Clean Air Act and the regulations thereunder.

_______________________________________________________________________
(Authorized Company Representative)
    (4) The Administrator may verify the production figures or other 
documentation submitted under paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
    (5)(i) Interest shall be assessed on any nonconformance penalty for 
which payment has been withheld under Sec. 86.113-87(g) (1) or (2). 
Interest shall be calculated from the due date for the first quarterly 
NCP payment, as determined under Sec. 86.1113-87(g)(1), until either the 
date on which the Presiding Officer or the Administrator renders the 
final decision of the Agency under Sec. 86.1115-87 or the date when an 
alternate payment schedule (approved pursuant to Sec. 86.1113-87(g)(1)) 
ends.
    (ii) The combined principal plus interest on each quarterly NCP 
payment withheld pursuant to Sec. 86.1113-87(g) (1)

[[Page 773]]

or (2) shall be calculated according to the formula:

QNCP(1 + R).25n

where:
QNCP=the quarterly NCP payment
R=the interest rate applicable to that quarter
n=the number of quarters for which the quarterly NCP payment is 
outstanding.

    (iii) The number of quarters for which payment is outstanding for 
purposes of this paragraph shall be the number of quarterly NCP payment 
due dates, as determined under Sec. 86.1113-87(g)(1), which have elapsed 
throughout the duration of a hearing request, or alternate payment 
schedule.
    (iv) The interest rate applicable to a quarter for purposes of this 
paragraph shall be the rate published by the Secretary of the Treasury 
pursuant to the Debt Collection Act of 1982 and effective on the date on 
which the NCP payment was originally due.
    (6) A manufacturer will be refunded an overpayment, or be permitted 
to offset an overpayment by withholding a future payment, if approved in 
advance by the Administrator. The government shall pay no interest on 
overpayments.
    (h) A manufacturer that certifies as a replacement for the 
nonconforming configuration, a configuration that is in conformance with 
applicable standards, and that performs a production compliance audit 
(PCA) in accordance with Sec. 86.1112-87(a) that results in a compliance 
level below the applicable standard, will be eligible to receive a 
refund of a portion of the engineering and development component of the 
penalty. The engineering and development component will be determined by 
multiplying the base penalty amount by the engineering and development 
factor for the appropriate subclass and pollutant in Sec. 86.1105-87. 
The amount refunded will depend on the model year in which the 
certification and PCA take place. In cases where payment of penalties 
have been waived by EPA in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(iii) of this 
section, EPA will refund a portion of the engineering and development 
component. The proportionate refund to be paid by EPA will be based on 
the proportion of vehicles or engines of the nonconforming configuration 
for which NCPs were paid to EPA. The refund is calculated as follows:

Rtot=Dn  x  FE&D  x  NCP1 
x  Prodtot
RCal=(ProdCal/Prodtot)  x  
(Rtot)
REPA=Rtot-RCal

Where:
n=index representing the number of model years for which the NCP has 
been available for an engine or vehicle subclass (i.e., n=1 for the 
first year that NCPs are available, . . . , n=n for the nth 
year the NCPs are available; same as ``n'' in paragraph (a)(4)).
Dn=discount factor depending on the number of model years (n) 
for which NCPs were available at the time of certification and PCA of 
the replacement configuration, and its value is as follows:
    D1=0.90
    D2=0.79
    D3=0.67
    D4=0.54
    D5=0.39
    D6=0.23
    D7=0.05
    Dn=0.00 for n=8 or larger
FE&D=the engineering and development factor specified in 
section 86.1105-87 for the appropriate subclass and pollutant
NCP1=the penalty for each engine or vehicle during the first 
(base) year the NCP is available as calculated in paragraph (a)
Prodtot=total number of engines or vehicles produced in the 
subclass for which NCPs were paid to EPA or to the State of California
ProdCal=number of engines or vehicles in the subclass 
demonstrated to have been titled, registered or principally used in the 
State of California and for which NCPs were paid to the State of 
California under paragraph (g)(1)
Rtot=Total refund due to the manufacturer for the engineering 
and development component of the NCP
RCal=Refund due to the manufacturer from the State of 
California for the engineering and development component of the NCP
REPA=Refund due to the manufacturer from EPA for the 
engineering and development component of the NCP.

[50 FR 35388, Aug. 30, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 53467, Dec. 31, 1985; 
53 FR 19134, May 26, 1988; 55 FR 46629, Nov. 5, 1990; 61 FR 51366, Oct. 
2, 1996]



Sec. 86.1114-87  Suspension and voiding of certificates of conformity.

    (a) The certificate of conformity is suspended with respect to any 
engine or vehicle failing pursuant to paragraph (f) of Sec. 86.1112-87 
effective from the time that a fail decision is made for that engine or 
vehicle.

[[Page 774]]

    (b) Once a certificate has been suspended for a failed engine or 
vehicle as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section, the 
manufacturer shall take the following actions:
    (1) Before the certificate is reinstated for that failed engine or 
vehicle,
    (i) Remedy the nonconformity, and
    (ii) Demonstrate that the engine or vehicle conforms to the 
applicable standards or compliance levels by retesting the engine or 
vehicle in accordance with these regulations; and
    (2) Submit a written report to the Administrator within five working 
days after successful completion of testing on the failed engine or 
vehicle, which contains a description of the remedy and test results for 
each engine or vehicle in addition to other information that may be 
required by this regulation.
    (c) The Administrator may suspend the certificate of conformity if 
the manufacturer, after electing to conduct a PCA, fails to adhere to 
the requirements stated in Sec. 86.1106-87(b)(3), (b)(6)(iii), (c)(2), 
or (c)(5)(iii).
    (d) The Administrator may suspend the qualified certificate of 
conformity issued under the conditions specified in Sec. 86.1106-87 if 
the manufacturer fails to adhere to the requirements stated in 
Sec. 86.1106-87(a)(3), (a)(4)(iii), (d)(2)(iii), or (d)(3).
    (e) The Administrator may suspend the certificate of conformity or 
the qualified certificate of conformity if the compliance level as 
determined in Sec. 86.1112-87(a) is in excess of the upper limit.
    (f) The Administrator may void the certificate of conformity if the 
compliance level as determined in Sec. 86.1112-87(a) is in excess of the 
upper limit and the manufacturer fails to recall any engines or vehicles 
introduced into commerce pursuant to Sec. 86.1106-87(a)(4)(ii), 
(b)(6)(ii), (c)(5)(ii) or (d)(2)(ii).
    (g) The Administrator may void the certificate of conformity for 
those engines or vehicles for which the manufacturer fails to meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.1106-87(a)(4)(i), (b)(6)(i), (c)(5)(i), or 
(d)(2)(i).
    (h) The Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing of 
any suspension or voiding of a certificate of conformity in whole or in 
part, except as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (i) A certificate of conformity suspended or voided under paragaph 
(c), (d), (e), (f) or (g) of this section may be reinstated after a 
written request by the manufacturer and under such terms and conditions 
as the Administrator may require and after the manufacturer demonstrates 
compliance with applicable requirements.
    (j) After the Administrator suspends or voids a certificate of 
conformity pursuant to this section or notifies a manufacturer of his 
intent to suspend or void a certificate of conformity under Sec. 86.087-
30(e), and prior to the commencement of a hearing, if any, under 
Sec. 86.1115-87, if the manufacturer demonstrates to the Administrator's 
satisfaction that the decision to suspend or void the certificate was 
based on erroneous information, the Administrator shall reinstate the 
certificate.



Sec. 86.1115-87  Hearing procedures for nonconformance determinations and penalties.

    (a) Applicability. The procedures prescribed by this section shall 
apply whenever a manufacturer requests a hearing pursuant to 
Sec. 86.087-30(e)(6)(i), Sec. 86.087-30(e)(7), or Sec. 86.1113-87(f).
    (b) Definitions. The following definitions shall be applicable to 
this section:
    (1) Hearing Clerk shall mean the Hearing Clerk of the Environmental 
Protection Agency.
    (2) Manufacturer means a manufacturer contesting a compliance level 
or penalty determination sent to the manufacturer.
    (3) Party means the Agency and the manufacturer.
    (4) Presiding Officer shall mean an Administrative Law Judge 
appointed pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3105 (see also 5 CFR part 930 as 
amended).
    (5) Environmental Appeals Board shall mean the Board within the 
Agency described in Sec. 1.25 of this title. The Administrator delegates 
authority to the Environmental Appeals Board to issue final decisions in 
appeals filed under this subpart. Appeals directed to the Administrator, 
rather than to the Environmental Appeals Board, will not be

[[Page 775]]

considered. This delegation of authority to the Environmental Appeals 
Board does not preclude the Environmental Appeals Board from referring 
an appeal or a motion filed under this subpart to the Administrator for 
decision when the Environmental Appeals Board, in its discretion, deems 
it appropriate to do so. When an appeal or motion is referred to the 
Administrator, all parties shall be so notified and the rules in this 
part referring to the Environmental Appeals Board shall be interpreted 
as referring to the Administrator.
    (c) Request for public hearing. (1) A manufacturer may request a 
hearing pursuant to Sec. 86.1113-87(f) if it disagrees with the 
Administrator's determination of compliance level or penalty calculation 
or both, or pursuant to Sec. 86.085-30(e)(6)(i) or Sec. 86.085-30(e)(7) 
if it disagrees with the Administrator's proposed suspension or voiding 
of a certificate of conformity. Requests for such a hearing shall be 
filed no later than 15 days:
    (i) After receipt of the Administrator's notification of NCP, if the 
compliance level is in the allowable range of non-conformity, or
    (ii) After completion of the Production Compliance Audit, if the 
compliance level exceeds the upper limit, or
    (iii) After receipt of the Administrator's notification of a 
proposed suspension or voiding of a certificate of conformity if the 
hearing is requested pursuant to Secs. 86.085-30(e)(6)(i) or 86.085-
30(e)(7), unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. The 
manufacturer shall simultaneously serve two copies of this request upon 
the Director of the Manufacturers Operations Division and file two 
copies with the Hearing Clerk. Failure of the manufacturer to request a 
hearing within the time provided constitutes a waiver of the right to a 
hearing. Subsequent to the expiration of the period for requesting a 
hearing as of right, the Administrator may, in his discretion and for 
good cause shown, grant the manufacturer a hearing to contest the 
compliance level or penalty calculation.
    (2) The request for a public hearing shall contain:
    (i) A statement as to which vehicle or engine subclasses or 
configurations are to be the subject of the hearing;
    (ii) A concise statement of the issues to be raised by the 
manufacturer at the hearing for each vehicle or engine subclass or 
configuration for which the manufacturer has requested the hearing. 
Provided, however, That in the case of a hearing requested under 
Sec. 86.1113-87(f), the hearing shall be restricted to the following 
issues:
    (A) Whether the compliance level was determined in accordance with 
the procedures in Sec. 86.1112-87(a); or
    (B) Whether the penalty was calculated in accordance with the 
procedures in Sec. 86.1113-87(a).
    (iii) A statement specifying reasons why the manufacturer believes 
it will prevail on the merits on each of the issues so raised; and
    (iv) A summary of the evidence which supports the manufacturer's 
position on each of the issues so raised.
    (3) A copy of all requests for public hearings shall be kept on file 
in the Office of the Hearing Clerk and shall be made available to the 
public during Agency business hours.
    (d) Summary decision. (1) In the case of a hearing requested under 
Sec. 86.1113-87(f) when it clearly appears from the data and other 
information contained in the request for a hearing that there is no 
genuine and substantial question of fact with respect to the issues 
specified in Sec. 86.1115-87(c)(2)(ii), the Administrator will enter an 
order denying the request for a hearing, and reaffirming the original 
compliance level determination or penalty calculation.
    (2) Any order issued under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shall 
have the force and effect of a final decision of the Administrator, as 
issued pursuant to paragraph (v)(4) of this section.
    (3) If the Administrator determines that a genuine and substantial 
question of fact does exist with respect to any of the issues referred 
to in paragraph (d)(1) of this section, he shall grant the request for a 
hearing and publish a notice of public hearing in accordance with 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (e) Filing and service. (1) An original and two copies of all 
documents or papers required or permitted to be filed

[[Page 776]]

pursuant to this section shall be filed with the Hearing Clerk. Filing 
shall be deemed timely if mailed, as determined by the postmark to the 
Hearing Clerk within the time allowed by this section. If filing is to 
be accomplished by mailing, the documents shall be sent to the address 
set forth in the notice of public hearing as described in paragraph (h) 
of this section.
    (2) To the maximum extent possible, testimony shall be presented in 
written form. Copies of written testimony shall be served upon all 
parties as soon as practicable prior to the start of the hearing. A 
certificate of service shall be provided on or accompany each document 
or paper filed with the Hearing Clerk. Documents to be served upon the 
Director of the Manufacturers Operations Division shall be sent by 
registered mail to: Director, Manufacturers Operations Division, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (EN-340F), 401 M Street, SW., 
Washington, DC 20460. Service by registered mail is complete upon 
mailing.
    (f) Time. (1) In computing any period of time prescribed or allowed 
by this section, except as otherwise provided, the day of the act or 
event from which the designated period of time begins to run shall not 
be included. Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal legal holidays shall be 
included in computing any such period allowed for the filing of any 
document or paper, except that when such a period expires on a Saturday, 
Sunday, or Federal legal holiday, such period shall be extended to 
include the next following business day.
    (2) A prescribed period of time within which a party is required or 
permitted to do an act shall be computed from the time of service, 
except that when service is accomplished by mail, three days shall be 
added to the prescribed period.
    (g)(1) Consolidation. The Administrator of the Presiding Officer in 
his discretion may consolidate two or more proceedings to be held under 
this section for the purpose of resolving one or more issues whenever it 
appears that such consolidation will expedite or simplify consideration 
of such issues. Consolidation shall not affect the right of any party to 
raise issues that could have been raised if consolidation had not 
occurred.
    (2) If a vehicle or engine is determined to be in nonconformity 
during certification testing under subpart A of this part, then the 
manufacturer may wait to challenge the determination until after 
production compliance auditing and calculation of his penalty and may 
consolidate challenges to the determination of nonconformity and the 
compliance level determination or the penalty calculation, without 
losing any rights he would otherwise have had.
    (3) If a vehicle or engine is determined to be in nonconformity 
during selective enforcement auditing under subpart K of this part, then 
the manufacturer must wait to challenge the determination until after 
the compliance level determination and the penalty calculation, and must 
consolidate challenges to the determination of nonconformity and the 
compliance level determination or the calculation of the penalty.
    (h) Notice of public hearings. (1) Notice of public hearing under 
this section shall be given by publication in the Federal Register and 
by such other means as the Administrator finds appropriate to provide 
notice to the public. To the extent possible, hearings under this 
section shall be scheduled to commence within 30 days of receipt of the 
application in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) [Revised]
    (i) Amicus curiae. Persons not parties to the proceeding wishing to 
file briefs may do so by leave of the Presiding Officer granted on 
motion. A motion for leave shall identify the interest of the applicant 
and shall state the reasons why the proposed amicus brief is desirable.
    (j) Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer shall have the duty to 
conduct a fair and impartial hearing in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 554, 
556 and 557 and to take all necessary action to avoid delay in the 
disposition of the proceedings and to maintain order. He shall have all 
power consistent with Agency rules and with the Administrative Procedure 
Act necessary to this end, including the following:

[[Page 777]]

    (1) To administer oaths and affirmations;
    (2) To rule upon offers of proof and exclude irrelevant or 
repetitious material;
    (3) To regulate the course of the hearings and the conduct of the 
parties and their counsel therein;
    (4) To hold conferences for simplification of the issues or any 
other proper purpose;
    (5) To consider and rule upon all procedural and other motions 
appropriate in such proceedings;
    (6) To require the submission of direct testimony in written form 
with or without affidavit whenever, in the opinion of the Presiding 
Officer, oral testimony is not necessary for full and true disclosure of 
the facts;
    (7) To enforce agreements and orders requiring access as authorized 
by law;
    (8) To require the filing of briefs on any matter on which he is 
required to rule;
    (9) To require any party or any witness, during the course of the 
hearing, to state his position on any issue;
    (10) To take or cause depositions to be taken whenever the ends of 
justice would be served thereby;
    (11) To make decisions or recommend decisions to resolve the 
disputed issues on the record of the hearing;
    (12) To issue, upon good cause shown, protective orders as described 
in paragraph (n) of this section.
    (k) Conferences. (1) At the discretion of the Presiding Officer, 
conferences may be held prior to or during any hearing. The Presiding 
Officer shall direct the Hearing Clerk to notify all parties of the time 
and location of such conference. At the discretion of the Presiding 
Officer, persons other than parties may attend. At a conference the 
Presiding Officer may:
    (i) Obtain stipulations and admissions, receive requests and order 
depositions to be taken, identify disputed issues of fact and law, and 
require or allow the submission of written testimony from any witness or 
party;
    (ii) Set a hearing schedule for as many of the following as are 
deemed necessary by the Presiding Officer:
    (A) Oral and written statements;
    (B) Submission of written direct testimony as required or authorized 
by the Presiding Officer;
    (C) Oral direct and cross-examination of a witness where necessary 
as prescribed in paragraph (p) of this section; and
    (D) Oral argument, if appropriate.
    (iii) Identify matters of which official notice may be taken;
    (iv) Consider limitation of the number of expert and other 
witnesses;
    (v) Consider the procedure to be followed at the hearing; and
    (vi) Consider any other matter that may expedite the hearing or aid 
in the disposition of the issue.
    (2) The results of any conference including all stipulations shall, 
if not transcribed, be summarized in writing by the Presiding Officer 
and made part of the record.
    (l) Primary discovery (exchange of witness lists and documents). (1) 
At a prehearing conference or within some reasonable time set by the 
Presiding Officer prior to the hearing, each party shall make available 
to the other parties the names of the expert and other witnesses the 
party expects to call, together with a brief summary of their expected 
testimony and list of all documents and exhibits which the party expects 
to introduce into evidence. Thereafter, witnesses, documents, or 
exhibits may be added and summaries of expected testimony amended upon 
motion by a party.
    (2) The Presiding Officer may upon motion by a party or other 
person, and for good cause shown, by order
    (i) Restrict or defer disclosure by a party of the name of a witness 
or a narrative summary of the expected testimony of a witness, and
    (ii) Prescribe other appropriate measures to protect a witness. Any 
party affected by any such action shall have an adequate opportunity, 
once he learns the name of a witness and obtains the narrative summary 
of this expected testimony, to prepare for the presentation of this 
case.
    (m) Other discovery. (1) Except as provided by paragraph (m)(1) of 
this section, further discovery under this paragraph shall be permitted 
only upon determination by the Presiding Officer:

[[Page 778]]

    (i) That such discovery will not in any way unreasonably delay the 
proceeding;
    (ii) That the information to be obtained is not obtainable 
voluntarily; and
    (iii) That such information has significant probative value. The 
Presiding Officer shall be guided by the procedures set forth in the 
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, where practicable, and the precedents 
thereunder, except that no discovery shall be undertaken except upon 
order of the Presiding Officer or upon agreement of the parties.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall order depositions upon oral 
questions only upon a showing of good cause and upon a finding that:
    (i) The information sought cannot be obtained by alternative 
methods; or
    (ii) There is a substantial reason to believe that relevant and 
probative evidence may otherwise not be preserved for presentation by a 
witness at the hearing.
    (3) Any party to the proceeding desiring an order of discovery shall 
make a motion or motions therefor. Such a motion shall set forth:
    (i) The circumstances warranting the taking of the discovery;
    (ii) The nature of the information expected to be discovered; and
    (iii) The proposed time and place where it will be taken. If the 
Presiding Officer determines the motion should be granted, he shall 
issue an order for the taking of such discovery together with the 
conditions and terms thereof.
    (4) Failure to comply with an order issued pursuant to this 
paragraph may lead to the inference that the information to be 
discovered would be adverse to the person or party from whom the 
information was sought.
    (n) Protective orders, in camera proceedings. (1) Upon motion by a 
party or by the person from whom discovery is sought, and upon a showing 
by the movant that the disclosure of the information to be discovered, 
or a particular part thereof (other than emission data), would result in 
methods or processes entitled to protection as trade secrets of the 
person being divulged, the Presiding Officer may enter a protective 
order with respect to such material. Any protective order shall contain 
such terms governing the treatment of the information as may be 
appropriate under the circumstances to prevent disclosure outside the 
hearing, provided that the order shall state that the material shall be 
filed separately from other evidence and exhibits in the hearing. 
Disclosure shall be limited to parties to the hearing, their counsel and 
relevant technical consultants, and authorized representatives of the 
United States concerned with carrying out the Act. Except in the case of 
the government, disclosure may be limited to counsel for parties who 
shall not disclose such information to the parties themselves. Except in 
the case of the government, disclosure to a party or his counsel shall 
be conditioned on execution of a sworn statement that no disclosure of 
the information will be made to persons not entitled to receive it under 
the terms of the protective order. (No such provision is necessary where 
government employees are concerned because disclosure by them is subject 
to the terms of 18 U.S.C. 1905.)
    (2)(i) A party or person seeking a protective order may be permitted 
to make all or part of the required showing in camera. A record shall be 
made of such in camera proceedings. If the Presiding Officer enters a 
protective order following a showing in camera, the record of such 
showing shall be sealed and preserved and made available to the Agency 
or court in the event of appeal.
    (ii) Attendance at any in camera proceeding may be limited to the 
Presiding Officer, representatives of the Agency, and the person or 
party seeking the protective order.
    (3) Any party, subject to the terms and conditions of any protective 
order issued pursuant to paragraph (n)(1) of this section, that desires 
to make use of any in camera documents or testimony in the presentation 
of his case shall apply to the Presiding Officer by motion for 
permission to do so, and shall state the justification for the motion. 
The Presiding Officer, in granting any such motion, shall enter an order 
protecting the rights of the affected persons and parties as far as is 
practicable, and preventing unnecessary

[[Page 779]]

disclosure of such information and testimony concerning such 
information.
    (4) In the submittal of proposed findings, briefs, or other papers, 
counsel for all parties shall make a good faith attempt to refrain from 
disclosing the specific details of in camera documents and testimony. 
This shall not preclude references in such proposed findings, briefs, or 
other papers to such documents or testimony. This shall not preclude 
references in such proposed findings, briefs, or other papers marked 
``confidential,'' which shall become part of the in camera record.
    (o) Motions. (1) All motions, except those made orally during the 
course of the hearing, shall be in writing and shall state with 
particularity the grounds therefore, shall set forth the relief or order 
sought, and shall be filed with the Hearing Clerk and served upon all 
parties.
    (2) Within such time as may be fixed by the Environmental Appeals 
Board or the Presiding Officer, as appropriate, any party may serve and 
file an answer to the motion. The movant shall, if requested by the 
Environmental Appeals Board or the Presiding Officer, as appropriate, 
serve and file reply papers, within the time set by the request.
    (3) The Presiding Officer shall rule upon all motions filed or made 
prior to the filing of his decision or accelerated decision, as 
appropriate. The Environmental Appeals Board shall rule upon all motions 
filed prior to the appointment of a Presiding Officer and all motions 
filed after the filing of the decision of the Presiding Officer or 
accelerated decision. Oral argument of motions will be permitted only if 
the Presiding Officer or the Environmental Appeals Board, as 
appropriate, deems it necessary.
    (p) Evidence. (1) The official transcripts and exhibits, together 
with all papers and requests filed in the proceeding, shall constitute 
the record. Immaterial or irrelevent parts of an admissible document 
shall be segregated and excluded so far as practicable. Documents or 
parts thereof subject to a protective order under paragraph (n) of this 
section shall be segregated. Evidence may be received at the hearing 
even though inadmissible under the rules of evidence applicable to 
judicial proceedings. The weight to be given evidence shall be 
determined by its reliability and probative value.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall allow the parties to examine and 
cross-examine a witness to the extent that such examination and cross-
examination is necessary for a full and true disclosure of the facts.
    (3) Rulings of the Presiding Officer on the admissibility of 
evidence, the propriety of examination and cross-examination and other 
procedural matters shall appear in the record.
    (4) Parties shall automatically be presumed to have taken exception 
to an adverse ruling.
    (q) Record. (1) Hearings shall be stenographically reported and 
transcribed and the original transcripts shall be part of the record. 
Copies of the records shall be filed with the Hearing Clerk and made 
available during Agency business hours for public inspection. Any person 
who wants a copy of the record of the hearing or any part thereof, 
except as provided in paragraph (n) of this section, shall be entitled 
to the same upon payment of the cost thereof.
    (2) The official transcripts and exhibits, together with all papers 
and requests filed in the proceeding, shall constitute the record.
    (r) Proposed findings, conclusions. (1) Within 30 days of the close 
of the reception of evidence, or within such longer time as may be fixed 
by the Presiding Officer, any party may submit for the consideration of 
the Presiding Officer proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law, and 
a proposed order, together with reasons therefore and briefs in support 
thereof. Such proposals shall be in writing, shall be served upon all 
parties, and shall contain adequate references to the record and 
authorities relied upon.
    (2) The record shall show the Presiding Officer's ruling on the 
proposed findings and conclusions except when his order disposing of the 
proceeding otherwise informs the parties of the action taken by him.
    (s) Decision of the Presiding Officer. (1) Unless extended by the 
Environmental Appeals Board, the Presiding Officer

[[Page 780]]

shall issue and file with the Hearing Clerk his decision within 30 days 
after the period for filing proposed findings has expired, as provided 
for in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) The Presiding Officer's decision shall become the decision of 
the Environmental Appeals Board (i) 10 days after issuance thereof, if 
no notice of intention to appeal as described in paragraph (t) of this 
section is filed, unless in the interim the Environmental Appeals Board 
shall have taken action to review or stay the effective date of the 
decision; or (ii) 5 days after expiration of the period allowed by 
paragraph (t)(1) of this section for perfection of an appeal, if a 
notice of intention to appeal is filed but the appeal is not perfected, 
unless within that 5 day period the Environmental Appeals Board shall 
have taken action to review or stay the effective date of the decision;
    (3) The Presiding Officer's decision shall include a statement of 
findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis therefore, 
upon all the material issues of fact or law presented on the record and 
an appropriate rule or order. Such decision shall be supported by 
substantial evidence and based upon a consideration of the whole record.
    (4) At any time prior to the issuance of his decision, the Presiding 
Officer may reopen the proceeding for the reception of further evidence. 
Except for the correction of clerical errors, the jurisdiction of the 
Presiding Officer is terminated upon the issuance of his decision.
    (t) Appeal from the decision of the Presiding Officer. (1) Any party 
to a proceeding may appeal the Presiding Officer's decision to the 
Environmental Appeals Board, Provided, That within 10 days after 
issuance of the Presiding Officer's decision such party files a notice 
of intention to appeal and an appeal brief within 20 days of such 
decision.
    (2) When an appeal is taken from the decision of the Presiding 
Officer, any party may file a brief with respect to such appeal. The 
brief shall be filed within the same time limits as the appellant's 
brief.
    (3) Any brief filed pursuant to this paragraph shall contain in the 
order indicated, the following:
    (i) A subject index of the matter in the brief, with page 
references, and a table of cases (alphabetically arranged), textbooks, 
statutes, and other material cited, with page references thereto;
    (ii) A specification of the issues intended to be appealed;
    (iii) The argument, presenting clearly the points of fact and law 
relied upon in support of the position taken on each issue, with 
specific page references to the record and legal or other material 
relied upon; and
    (iv) A proposed order for the Environmental Appeals Board's 
consideration if different from the order contained in the Presiding 
Officer's decision.
    (4) No brief in excess of 15 pages shall be filed without leave of 
the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (5) Oral argument will be allowed only in the discretion of the 
Environmental Appeals Board.
    (u) Review of the Presiding Officer's decision in absence of appeal. 
(1) If, after the expiration of the period for taking an appeal as 
provided for by paragraph (t) of this section, no notice of intention to 
appeal the decision of the Presiding Officer has been filed, or if 
filed, not perfected, the Hearing Clerk shall so notify the 
Environmental Appeals Board.
    (2) The Environmental Appeals Board, upon receipt of notice from the 
Hearing Clerk that no notice of intention to appeal has been filed, or 
if filed, not perfected pursuant to paragraph (t)(1) of this section, 
may, on its own motion, within 14 days after notice from the Hearing 
Clerk, review the decision of the Presiding Officer. Notice of the 
intention of the Environmental Appeals Board to review the decision of 
the Presiding Officer shall be given to all parties and shall set forth 
the scope of such review and the issues which shall be considered and 
shall make provisions for filing of briefs.
    (v) Decision of appeal or review. (1) Upon appeal from or review of 
the Presiding Officer's the Environmental Appeals Board shall consider 
such parts of the record as are cited or as may be

[[Page 781]]

necessary to resolve the issues presented and in addition shall, to the 
extent necessary or desirable, exercise all the powers which it could 
have exercised if it had presided at the hearing.
    (2) In rendering its decision, the Environmental Appeals Board shall 
adopt, modify, or set aside the findings, conclusions, and order 
contained in the decision of the Presiding Officer and shall set forth 
in its decision a statement of the reasons or bases for this action.
    (3) In those cases where the Environmental Appeals Board determines 
that it should have further information or additional views of the 
parties as to the form and content of the rule or order to be issued, 
the Environmental Appeals Board, in its discretion, may without final 
action pending the receipt of such additional information or views, or 
may remand the case to the Presiding Officer.
    (4) Any decision rendered under this paragraph which completed 
disposition of a case shall be a final decision of the Environmental 
Appeals Board.
    (w) Reconsideration. Any party may file with the Environmental 
Appeals Board a petition for reconsideration of such decision setting 
forth the relief desired and the grounds in support thereof. This 
petition must be filed within 20 days of the issuance of the 
Environmental Appeals Board's decision, and must be confined to new 
questions raised by the decision or final order and which the petitioner 
had no opportunity to argue before the Presiding Officer or the 
Environmental Appeals Board, unless otherwise specified by the 
Environmental Appeals Board. Subsequent to the expiration of the period 
for petitioning for reconsideration, the Environmental Appeals Board 
may, in its discretion and for good cause shown, grant the manufacturer 
a hearing to contest the compliance level or the penalty calculation 
even though such issues may have been raised in the previous proceeding. 
Any party desiring to oppose such a petition, shall file an answer 
thereto within 10 days after the filing of the petition. The filing of a 
petition for reconsideration shall not operate to stay the effective 
date of the decision or order or to toll the running of any statutory 
time period affecting such decision or order unless specifically so 
ordered by the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (x) Accelerated decision, dismissal. (1) The Presiding Officer, upon 
motion of any party or sua sponte, may at any time render an accelerated 
decision in favor of the Agency or the manufacturer as to all or any 
part of the proceeding, without further hearing or upon such limited 
additional evidence such as affidavits as he may require, or dismiss any 
party with prejudice, for any of the following reasons:
    (i) Failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, or 
direct or collateral estoppel;
    (ii) The lack of any genuine issue of material fact, causing a party 
to be entitled to judgment as a matter of law; or
    (iii) Such other and further reasons as are just, including 
specifically, failure to obey a procedural order of the Presiding 
Officer.
    (2) If under this paragraph an accelerated decision is issued as to 
all the issues and claims joined in the proceeding, the decision shall 
be treated for the purposes of these procedures as the decision of the 
Presiding Officer, as provided in paragraph (s) of this section.
    (3) If under this paragraph, judgment is rendered on less than all 
issues or claims in the proceeding, the Presiding Officer shall 
determine what material facts exist without substantial controversy and 
what material facts are actually and in good faith controverted. He 
shall thereupon issue an order specifying the facts which appear without 
substantial controversy, and the issues and claims upon which the 
hearing will proceed.
    (y) Conclusion of hearing. (1) If, after the expiration of the 
period for taking an appeal as provided by paragraph (t) of this 
section, no appeal has been taken from the Presiding Officer's decision, 
and after the expiration of the period for review by the Environmental 
Appeals Board on its own motion as provided for by paragraph (u) of this 
section, the Environmental Appeals Board does not move to review such 
decision, the hearing will be deemed to have ended at the expiration of 
all periods allowed for such appeal and review.

[[Page 782]]

    (2) If an appeal of the Presiding Officer's decision is taken 
pursuant to paragraph (t) of this section, or if, in the absence of such 
appeal the Environmental Appeals Board moves to review the decision of 
the Presiding Officer pursuant to paragraph (u) of this section, the 
hearing will be deemed to have ended upon issuance of a final decision 
by the Environmental Appeals Board.
    (z) Judicial review. (1) The Administrator hereby designates the 
General Counsel of the Environmental Protection Agency as the officer 
upon whom any copies for judicial review shall be served. Such officer 
shall be responsible for filing in the court the record on which the 
order of the Environmental Appeals Board is based.
    (2) [Reserved]

[50 FR 35388, Aug. 30, 1985, as amended at 50 FR 53467, Dec. 31, 1985; 
55 FR 46630, Nov. 5, 1990; 57 FR 5333, Feb. 13, 1992]



Sec. 86.1116-87  Treatment of confidential information.

    (a) Any manufacturer may assert that some or all of the information 
submitted pursuant to this subpart is entitled to confidential treatment 
as provided by 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
    (b) Any claim of confidentiality must accompany the information at 
the time it is submitted to EPA.
    (c) To assert that information submitted pursuant to this subpart is 
confidential, a manufacturer must indicate clearly the items of 
information claimed confidential by marking, circling, bracketing, 
stamping, or otherwise specifying the confidential information. 
Furthermore, EPA requests, but does not require, that the submitter also 
provide a second copy of its submittal from which all confidential 
information has been deleted. If a need arises to publicly release 
nonconfidential information, EPA will assume that the submitter has 
accurately deleted the confidential information from this second copy.
    (d) If a claim is made that some or all of the information submitted 
pursuant to this subpart is entitled to confidential treatment, the 
information covered by that confidentiality claim will be disclosed by 
the Environmental Appeals Board only to the extent and by means of the 
procedures set forth in part 2, subpart B, of this chapter.
    (e) Information provided without a claim of confidentiality at the 
time of submission may be made available to the public by EPA without 
further notice to the submitter, in accordance with 40 CFR 
2.204(c)(2)(i)(A).

[50 FR 34798, Aug. 27, 1985, as amended at 57 FR 5334, Feb. 13, 1992]



Subpart M--Evaporative Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, 
 Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled 
                           Heavy-Duty Vehicles

    Authority: Secs. 202, 206, 301, Clean Air Act as amended, 42 U.S.C. 
7521, 7525, 7601.

    Source: 48 FR 1456, Jan. 12, 1983, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1201-90  Applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to new gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-
fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (b) Provisions of this subpart apply to tests performed by both the 
Administrator and motor vehicle manufacturers.
    (c) Test procedures and equipment other than those described in this 
subpart may be used by the vehicle manufacturer if shown to yield 
results which correlate with results yielded by those described in this 
subpart (with the reference driving schedule described in Sec. 86.1215-
85(a)) and if approved in advance by the Administrator.

[54 FR 14562, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1202-85  Definitions.

    Applicable definitions in Secs. 86.077-2, 86.078-2, 86.079-2, 
86.080-2, 86.081-2, 86.082-2 and 86.085-2 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.1203-85  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in Sec. 86.079-3 apply to this subpart.

[[Page 783]]



Sec. 86.1204  Section numbering.

    The section numbering system set forth in Sec. 86.104 applies to 
this subpart.

[59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1205-90  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment required and the procedures 
to follow in order to determine evaporative emission levels from 
gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and 
methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles.
    (b) Three topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.1206 
through 86.1215 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.1216 through 86.1226 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures and data requirements are listed in Secs. 86.1227 
through 86.1246.

[54 FR 14562, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 16047, Mar. 24, 1993; 
59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1206-90  Equipment required; overview.

    This subpart specifies procedures for testing of gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. Equipment required and 
specifications are as follows:
    (a) Evaporative emissions tests. Sec. 86.1207 specifies the 
necessary equipment.
    (b) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel 
specifications for emission testing and for service accumulation are 
specified in Sec. 86.1213. Analytical gases are specified in 
Sec. 86.1214. Both vehicle preconditioning for the diurnal loss test and 
vehicle operation prior to the hot soak loss test include operation on a 
chassis dynamometer. The driving cycle (EPA heavy-duty vehicle urban 
dynamometer driving schedule) is specified in Sec. 86.1215.

[54 FR 14562, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1206-96  Equipment required; overview.

    This subpart specifies procedures for testing of gasoline-fueled, 
natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled 
heavy-duty vehicles. Equipment required and specifications are as 
follows:
    (a) Evaporative emission tests. Section 86.1207 specifies the 
necessary equipment.
    (b) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel 
specifications for emission testing and for service accumulation are 
specified in Sec. 86.1213. Analytical gases are specified in 
Sec. 86.1214. Evaporative testing requires vehicle operation on a 
chassis dynamometer. The driving cycle (EPA Heavy-Duty Vehicle Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Schedule) is specified in Sec. 86.1215.

[58 FR 16047, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1207-90  Sampling and analytical system; evaporative emissions.

    The following is a description of the components which will be used 
in evaporative emissions sampling systems for testing under this 
subpart.
    (a) Evaporative emission measurement enclosure. The enclosure shall 
be readily sealable, rectangular in shape, with space for personnel 
access to all sides of the vehicle. When sealed, the enclosure shall be 
gas tight in accordance with Sec. 86.1217. Interior surfaces must be 
impermeable and non-reactive to hydrocarbons and to methanol (if used 
for methanol-fueled vehicles). One surface should be of flexible, 
impermeable and non-reactive material to allow for minor volume changes, 
resulting from temperature changes. Wall design should promote maximum 
dissipation of heat, and if artificial cooling is used, interior surface 
temperatures shall not be less than 68  deg.F (20  deg.C).
    (b) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol analyzers. (1) For 
gasoline and methanol-fueled vehicles a hydrocarbon analyzer utilizing 
the hydrogen flame ionization principle (FID) shall be used to monitor 
the atmosphere within the enclosure (a heated FID 
(HFID)(235 deg.15  deg.F (1138  deg.C)) is 
recommended for methanol-fueled vehicles). Instrument bypass flow may be 
returned to the enclosure. The FID shall have a response time to 90 
percent of final reading of less than 1.5 seconds, and be capable of 
meeting performance requirements expressed as a function of Cstd: where 
Cstd is the specific enclosure hydrocarbon level, in

[[Page 784]]

ppm, corresponding to the evaporative emission standard:
    (i) Stability of the analyzer shall be better than 0.01 Cstd ppm at 
zero and span over a 15-minute period on all ranges used.
    (ii) Repeatability of the analyzer, expressed as one standard 
deviation, shall be better than 0.005 Cstd ppm on all ranges used.
    (2) For methanol-fueled vehicles, a methanol sampling and analyzing 
system is required in addition to the FID analyzer. The methanol 
sampling equipment shall consist of impingers for collecting the 
methanol sample and appropriate equipment for drawing the sample through 
the impingers. The analytical equipment shall consist of a gas 
chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. (Note: For 1990 
through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles, a HFID, calibrated on 
methanol may be used in place of the HFID calibrated on propane plus the 
methanol impingers and associated analytical equipment.)
    (3) The methanol sampling system described in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section shall be designed such that, if a test vehicle emitted the 
maximum allowable level of methanol (based on all applicable standards) 
during any phase of the test, the measured concentration in the primary 
impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 
times the limit of detection for the GC analyzer, and such that the 
primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in the 
samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary 
impinger. The provisions of this paragraph apply to the design of 
sampling systems, not to individual tests.
    (c) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol data recording 
system. (1) The electrical output of the FID used for measuring 
hydrocarbons (or hydrocarbons plus methanol as appropriate) shall be 
recorded at least at the initiation and termination of each diurnal or 
hot soak. The recording may be by means of a strip chart potentiometric 
recorder, by use of an on-line computer system or other suitable means. 
In any case, the recording system must have operational characteristics 
(signal to noise ratio, speed of response, etc.) equivalent to or better 
than those of the signal source being recorded, and must provide a 
permanent record of results. The record shall show a positive indication 
of the initiation and completion of each diurnal or hot soak along with 
the time elapsed between initiation and completion of each soak.
    (2) For the methanol sample, permanent records shall be made of the 
following: the volumes of deionized water introduced into each impinger, 
the rate and time of sample collection and the chromatogram of the 
analyzed sample.
    (d) Tank fuel heating system. The tank fuel heating system shall 
consist of a heat source and a temperature controller. A typical heat 
source is a 2,000 W heating pad. Other sources may be used as required 
by circumstances. The temperature controller may be manual, such as a 
variable voltage transformer, or may be automated. The heating system 
must not cause hot spots on the tank wetted surface which could cause 
local overheating of the fuel. Heat must not be applied to the vapor in 
the tank above the liquid fuel. The temperature controller must be 
capable of controlling the fuel tank temperature during the diurnal soak 
to within 3  deg.F (1.7  deg.C) of the following 
equation:
    (1) F = To + (0.4)t
    (2) For SI units, C = To - (2/9)t

Where:

F = Temperature in  deg.F.
C = Temperature in  deg.C.
t = Time since start of test in minutes.
To = Initial temperature in  deg.F (or in  deg.C for SI 
          units).

    (e) Temperature recording system. Strip chart recorder(s) or an 
automatic data processor shall be used to record enclosure ambient and 
vehicle fuel tank temperature at least once every minute. The 
temperature recorder or data processor shall have a time accuracy of 
15s, a time precision of 15s and be capable of 
resolving temperature to 0.75  deg.F (0.42 
deg.C). The temperature recording system (recorder and sensor) shall 
have an accuracy of 3  deg.F (1.7  deg.C). Two 
ambient temperature sensors, connected to provide one average output, 
shall be located in the enclosure. These sensors shall be located at the 
approximate vertical centerline of each side wall extending 4 inches

[[Page 785]]

(nominally) into the enclosure at a height of 30.5 ft 
(0.90.2 m). The vehicle fuel tank temperature sensor shall 
be located in the fuel tank so as to measure the temperature of the 
prescribed test fuel at the approximate mid-volume of the fuel. 
Manufacturers shall arrange that vehicles furnished for testing at 
Federal certification facilities be equipped with iron-constantan Type J 
thermocouples for measurement of fuel tank temperature.
    (f) Purge blower. One or more portable or fixed blowers shall be 
used to purge the enclosure. The blowers shall have sufficient flow 
capacity to reduce the enclosure hydrocarbon and/or methanol 
concentration from the test level to the ambient level between tests. 
Actual flow capacity will depend upon the time available between tests.
    (g) Mixing blower. One or more blowers or fans with a total capacity 
of 250 to 750 cfm per 1,000 ft\3\ of enclosure volume shall be used to 
mix the contents of the enclosure during evaporative emission testing. 
The mixing blower(s) shall be arranged such that a uniform concentration 
is maintained. No portion of the air stream shall be directed towards 
the vehicle.

[54 FR 14562, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34358, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1207-96  Sampling and analytical systems; evaporative emissions.

    (a) Testing enclosures--(1) Diurnal emission test. The enclosure 
shall be readily sealable, rectangular in shape, with space for 
personnel access to all sides of the vehicle. When sealed, the enclosure 
shall be gas tight in accordance with Sec. 86.1217-96. Interior surfaces 
must be impermeable and nonreactive to hydrocarbons (and to methanol, if 
the enclosure is used for methanol-fueled vehicles). The temperature 
conditioning system shall be capable of controlling the internal 
enclosure air temperature to follow the prescribed temperature versus 
time cycle as specified in Sec. 86.1233-96 and appendix II of this part, 
within an instantaneous tolerance of 3.0  deg.F of the 
nominal temperature versus time profile throughout the test, and an 
average tolerance of 2.0  deg.F over the duration of the test (where the 
average is calculated using the absolute value of each measured 
deviation). The control system shall be tuned to provide a smooth 
temperature pattern that has a minimum of overshoot, hunting, and 
instability about the desired long-term ambient temperature profile. 
Interior surface temperatures shall not be less than 40  deg.F at any 
time during the diurnal emission test. To accommodate the volume changes 
due to enclosure temperature changes, either a variable-volume or fixed-
volume enclosure may be used for diurnal emission testing:
    (i) Variable-volume enclosure. The variable-volume enclosure expands 
and contracts in response to the temperature change of the air mass in 
the enclosure. Two potential means of accommodating the internal volume 
changes are moveable panel(s), or a bellows design, in which impermeable 
bag(s) inside the enclosure expand and contract in response to internal 
pressure changes by exchanging air from outside the enclosure. Any 
design for volume accommodation must maintain the integrity of the 
enclosure as specified in Sec. 86.1217-96 over the specified temperature 
range. Any method of volume accommodation shall limit the differential 
between the enclosure internal pressure and the barometric pressure to a 
maximum value of 2.0 inches of water. The enclosure shall be 
capable of latching to a fixed volume. A variable-volume enclosure must 
be capable of accommodating a 7 percent change from its 
``nominal volume'' (see Sec. 86.1217-96(b)), accounting for temperature 
and barometric pressure variation during testing.
    (ii) Fixed-volume enclosure. The fixed-volume enclosure shall be 
constructed with rigid panels that maintain a fixed enclosure volume, 
and meet the following requirements.
    (A) The enclosure shall be equipped with a mechanism to maintain a 
fixed internal air volume. This may be accomplished either by 
withdrawing air at a constant rate and providing makeup air as needed, 
or by reversing the flow of air into and out of the enclosure in 
response to rising or falling temperatures. If inlet air is added 
continuously throughout the test, it should be filtered with activated 
carbon to provide a relatively low and

[[Page 786]]

constant hydrocarbon level. Any method of volume accommodation shall 
maintain the differential between the enclosure internal pressure and 
the barometric pressure to a maximum value of 2.0 inches of 
water.
    (B) The equipment shall be capable of measuring the mass of 
hydrocarbon and methanol (if the enclosure is used for methanol-fueled 
vehicles) in the inlet and outlet flow streams with a resolution of 0.01 
gram per hour. A bag sampling system may be used to collect a 
proportional sample of the air withdrawn from and admitted to the 
enclosure. Alternatively, the inlet and outlet flow streams may be 
continuously analyzed using an on-line FID analyzer and integrated with 
the flow measurements to provide a continuous record of the mass 
hydrocarbon and methanol removal.
    (2) Running loss test. The enclosure shall be readily sealable, 
rectangular in shape, with space for personnel access to all sides of 
the vehicle. When sealed, the enclosure shall be gas tight in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1217-96. The enclosure may be equipped with a personnel 
door, provided that the enclosure can still meet the requirements of 
Sec. 86.1217-96 with the door installed. Interior surfaces must be 
impermeable and nonreactive to hydrocarbons and to methanol (if the 
enclosure is used for methanol-fueled vehicles). Interior surface 
temperatures shall not be less than 40  deg.F. If a running loss 
enclosure meets all the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section, it may be used as a diurnal evaporative emission enclosure. The 
enclosure must contain a dynamometer that meets the requirements of 
Sec. 86.1208. Provisions shall be made to remove exhaust gases from the 
enclosure. During the running loss test, ambient temperatures must be 
maintained at 955  deg.F (952  deg.F on 
average). An air or oxygen cylinder with an attached self-contained 
breathing apparatus may be provided for the vehicle operator. The air 
required for vehicle operation shall be provided by one of the following 
methods:
    (i) The running loss enclosure may be equipped to supply air to the 
vehicle, at a temperature of 955  deg.F, from sources 
outside of the running loss enclosure directly into the operating 
engine's air intake system. Supplemental air requirements (e.g., for an 
air pump) shall be supplied by drawing air from the engine intake 
source.
    (ii) If it is shown to yield equivalent or superior results, the 
running loss enclosure may be designed with an air makeup system that 
brings outside air into the enclosure to accommodate the aspiration 
needs of the engine and any auxiliary devices. The makeup air shall be 
monitored to establish the background hydrocarbon levels (or hydrocarbon 
and methanol, levels, if applicable) of the makeup air. A filter may be 
used to provide dry air with a stable concentration of background 
hydrocarbon. The makeup-air vent shall be readily sealable for 
calibration of the enclosure and other purposes. For calculation of 
running loss emissions, it may be assumed that the hydrocarbon and 
methanol concentration in the air consumed by the vehicle is the same as 
that of the rest of the air in the enclosure.
    (3) Hot soak test. The hot soak test may be conducted by holding the 
vehicle in an enclosure that meets the requirements for either diurnal 
emission or running loss tests. The enclosure shall be configured to 
provide an internal enclosure ambient temperature of 9510 
deg.F for the first 5 minutes, and 955  deg.F 
(952  deg.F on average) for the remainder of the hot soak 
test.
    (i) If the hot soak test is conducted in the same enclosure as the 
immediately preceding running loss test, interior surface temperatures 
shall not be below 70  deg.F for the last 55 minutes of the hot soak 
test.
    (ii) If the hot soak test is not conducted in the same enclosure as 
the immediately preceding running loss test, interior surface 
temperatures shall not be below 70  deg.F for the duration of the hot 
soak test.
    (b) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol analyzers. (1) For 
gasoline-, liquefied petroleum gas-, natural gas- and methanol-fueled 
vehicles a hydrocarbon analyzer utilizing the hydrogen flame ionization 
principle (FID) shall be used to monitor the atmosphere within the 
enclosure (a heated FID (HFID)(235 deg.15  deg.F 
(1138  deg.C)) is recommended for methanol-fueled vehicles). 
Provided evaporative emission

[[Page 787]]

results are not affected, a probe may be used to detect or verify 
hydrocarbon sources during a running loss test. Instrument bypass flow 
may be returned to the enclosure. The FID shall have a response time to 
90 percent of final reading of less than 1.5 seconds.
    (2) For methanol-fueled vehicles, a methanol sampling and analyzing 
system is required in addition to the FID analyzer. The methanol 
sampling equipment shall consist of impingers for collecting the 
methanol sample and appropriate equipment for drawing the sample through 
the impingers. The analytical equipment shall consist of a gas 
chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector.
    (3) The methanol sampling system described in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section shall be designed such that, if a test vehicle emitted the 
maximum allowable level of methanol (based on all applicable standards) 
during any phase of the test, the measured concentration in the primary 
impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 
times the limit of detection for the GC analyzer, and such that the 
primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in the 
samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary 
impinger. The provisions of this paragraph apply to the design of 
sampling systems, not to individual tests.
    (c) Evaporative emission hydrocarbon and methanol data recording 
system. (1) The electrical output of the FID used for measuring 
hydrocarbons (or hydrocarbons plus methanol, as appropriate) shall be 
recorded at least at the initiation and termination of each running loss 
and hot soak test, and at least at the initiation and termination of the 
enclosure sampling period(s) for the diurnal emission test, as described 
in Sec. 86.1233. The recording may be taken by means of a strip chart 
potentiometric recorder, by use of an on-line computer system or other 
suitable means. In any case, the recording system must have operational 
characteristics (signal-to-noise ratio, speed of response, etc.) 
equivalent to or better than those of the signal source being recorded, 
and must provide a permanent record of results. The record shall show a 
positive indication of the initiation and completion of each hot soak, 
running loss, or diurnal emission test (including initiation and 
completion of sampling period(s)), along with the time elapsed during 
each soak.
    (2) For the methanol sample, permanent records shall be made of the 
following: the volumes of deionized water introduced into each impinger, 
the rate and time of sample collection and the chromatogram of the 
analyzed sample.
    (d) Fuel temperature control system. Fuel temperatures of the test 
vehicle shall be controlled, as specified in Sec. 86.1234(g)(1)(xv), 
with the following combination of fans. The control system shall be 
tuned and operated to provide a smooth and continuous fuel temperature 
profile that is representative of the on-road temperature profile. The 
running loss test configuration should be designed to avoid heating or 
cooling the fuel tank's vapor space in a way that would cause vapor 
temperature behavior to be unrepresentative of the vehicle's on-road 
profile.
    (1) A vehicle cooling fan shall discharge air to the front of the 
vehicle. The fan shall be a road-speed modulated fan that is controlled 
to a discharge velocity that follows the dynamometer roll speed, at 
least up to speeds of 30 mph, throughout the driving cycle. If a warning 
light or gauge indicates that the vehicle's engine coolant has 
overheated, subsequent test runs on the that vehicle must include a 
vehicle cooling fan that follows the dynamometer roll speed at all 
speeds throughout the test cycle. The fan may direct airflow to both the 
vehicle radiator air inlet(s) and the vehicle underbody.
    (2) An additional fan may be used to discharge airflow from the 
front of the vehicle directly to the vehicle underbody to control fuel 
temperatures. Such a fan shall provide a total discharge airflow not to 
exceed 8,000 cfm.
    (3) Additional fans may be used to route heating or cooling air 
directly at the bottom of the vehicle's fuel tank. The air supplied to 
the tank shall be between 85 deg. and 160  deg.F, with a total discharge 
airflow not to exceed 4,000 cfm. For exceptional circumstances, 
manufacturers may direct up to 6,000 cfm at

[[Page 788]]

the bottom of the fuel tank with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (4) Direct fuel heating may be needed for canister preconditioning, 
as specified in Sec. 86.1232(j)(2). Also, under exceptional 
circumstances in which airflow alone is insufficient to control fuel 
temperatures during the running loss test, direct fuel tank heating may 
be used (see Sec. 86.1234-96(g)(1)(xv)). The heating system must not 
cause hot spots on the tank wetted surface that could cause local 
overheating of the fuel. Heat must not be applied directly to the tank's 
vapor space, nor to the liquid-vapor interface.
    (e) Temperature recording system. A strip chart potentiometric 
recorder, an on-line computer system, or other suitable means shall be 
used to record enclosure ambient temperature during all evaporative 
emission test segments, as well as vehicle fuel tank temperature during 
the running loss test. The recording system shall record each 
temperature at least once every minute. The recording system shall be 
capable of resolving time to 15 s and capable of resolving 
temperature to 0.75  deg.F (0.42  deg.C). The 
temperature recording system (recorder and sensor) shall have an 
accuracy of 3  deg.F (1.7  deg.C). The recorder 
(data processor) shall have a time accuracy of 15 s and a 
precision of 15 s. Enclosures shall be equipped with two 
ambient temperature sensors, connected to provide one average output, 
located 3 feet above the floor at the approximate mid-length of each 
side wall of the enclosure and within 3 to 12 inches of each side wall. 
For diurnal emission testing, an additional temperature sensor shall be 
located underneath the vehicle to provide a temperature measurement 
representative of the air temperature under the fuel tank. For running 
loss testing, an ambient temperature sensor shall be located at the 
inlet to the fan that provides engine cooling. Manufacturers shall 
arrange that vehicles furnished for testing at federal certification 
facilities be equipped with temperature sensors for measurement of fuel 
tank temperatures. Vehicles shall be equipped with two temperature 
sensors installed to provide an average liquid fuel temperature. The 
temperature sensors shall be placed to measure the temperature at the 
mid-volume of the liquid fuel at a fill level of 40 percent of nominal 
tank capacity. An additional temperature sensor may be placed to measure 
vapor temperatures approximately at the mid-volume of the vapor space, 
though measurement of vapor temperatures is optional during the running 
loss test. In-tank temperature sensors are not required for the 
supplemental two-diurnal test sequence specified in Sec. 86.1230-96.
    (f) Pressure recording system. A strip chart potentiometric 
recorder, an on-line computer system, or other suitable means, shall be 
used to record the enclosure gage pressure for any testing in an 
enclosure, as well as the vehicle's fuel tank pressure during the 
running loss test and the outdoor driving procedure specified in 
Sec. 86.1229-85(d). Fuel tank pressure measurement and recording 
equipment are optional during the running loss test. The recording 
system shall record each pressure at least once every minute. The 
recording system shall be capable of resolving time to 15 s 
and capable of resolving pressure to 0.1 inches of water. 
The pressure recording system (recorder and sensor) shall have an 
accuracy of 1.0 inch of water. The recorder (data processor) 
shall have a time accuracy of 15 s and a precision of 
15 s. The pressure transducer shall be installed to measure 
the pressure in the vapor space of the fuel tank.
    (g) Purge blower. One or more portable or fixed blowers shall be 
used to purge the enclosure. The blowers shall have sufficient flow 
capacity to reduce the enclosure hydrocarbon and/or methanol 
concentration from the test level to the ambient level between tests. 
Actual flow capacity will depend upon the time available between tests.
    (h) Mixing blower. Blowers or fans shall be used to mix the 
enclosure contents during evaporative emission testing. The inlets and 
outlets of the air circulation blower(s) shall be configured to provide 
a well dispersed air circulation pattern that produces effective 
internal mixing and avoids significant temperature or hydrocarbon 
stratification. Maintenance of uniform concentrations throughout the 
enclosure is important to the accuracy of testing.

[[Page 789]]

    (1) Diurnal emission test. Blowers or fans shall have a capacity of 
0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of the nominal enclosure volume 
for mixing in the enclosure. Additional fans may be used to maintain a 
minimum wind speed of 5 mph (8 km/h) under the fuel tank of the test 
vehicle.
    (2) Running loss test. Blowers or fans shall have a total capacity 
of at least 1.0 cfm per cubic foot of the nominal enclosure volume.
    (3) Hot soak test. Blowers or fans must have a capacity of 
0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of the nominal enclosure volume. 
Circulated air shall not be aimed directly at the vehicle.
    (i) Point-source running loss measurement facility. Some system 
requirements pertain specifically to running loss testing by the point-
source method, in which emissions from potential sources are collected 
and routed to a sampling system. Emissions are sampled with the same 
equipment and techniques as for exhaust emission measurement. The test 
environment must contain a dynamometer that meets the requirements of 
Sec. 86.108. During the running loss test, ambient temperatures must be 
maintained at 955  deg.F (952  deg.F on 
average). An air or oxygen cylinder with an attached self-contained 
breathing apparatus may be provided for the vehicle operator.
    (1) The running loss vapor vent collection system shall be 
configured to collect all running loss emissions from each of the 
discrete point sources that function as vehicle fuel system vapor vents, 
and transport the collected vapor emissions to a CFV- or PDP-based 
dilution and measurement system. The collection system shall consist of 
a collector at each vehicle vapor vent, lengths of heated sample line 
connecting each collector to the inlet of the heated sample pump, and 
lengths of heated sample line connecting the outlet of the heated sample 
pump to the inlet of the running loss fuel vapor sampling system. Up to 
3 feet of unheated line connecting each of the vapor collectors to the 
heated sample lines shall be allowed. Each heated sample pump and its 
associated sample lines shall be maintained at a temperature between 175 
 deg.F and 200  deg.F to prevent condensation of fuel vapor in the 
sample lines. The heated sample pump(s) and its associated flow controls 
shall be configured and operated to draw a flow of ambient air into each 
collector at a flow rate of at least 0.67 cfm. The flow controls on each 
heated sampling system shall include an indicating flow meter that 
provides an alarm output to the data recording system if the flow rate 
drops below 0.67 cfm by more than 5 percent. The collector inlet for 
each discrete vapor vent shall be placed in proximity to the vent as 
necessary to capture any fuel vapor emissions without significantly 
affecting flow or pressure of the normal action of the vent. The 
collector inlets shall be designed to interface with the configuration 
and orientation of each specific vapor vent. For vapor vents that 
terminate in a tube or hose barb, a short length of tubing of an inside 
diameter larger throughout its length than the inside diameter of the 
vent outlet may be used to extend the vent into the mouth of the 
collector. For those vapor vent designs that are not compatible with 
such collector configurations, the vehicle manufacturer shall supply a 
collector that is configured to interface with the vapor vent design and 
that terminates in a fitting that is capable of capturing all vapor 
emitted from the vent. The Administrator may test for running losses by 
the point-source method without heating sample lines or pumps.
    (2) The running loss fuel vapor sampling system shall be a CFV- or 
PDP-based dilution and measurement system that further dilutes the 
running loss fuel vapors collected by the vapor vent collection 
system(s) with ambient air, collects continuously proportional samples 
of the diluted running loss vapors and dilution air in sample bags, and 
measures the total dilute flow through the sampling system over each 
test interval. In practice, the system shall be configured and operated 
in a manner that is directly analogous to an exhaust emissions constant 
volume sampling system, except that the input flow to the system is the 
flow from the running loss vapor vent collection system(s) instead of 
vehicle exhaust flow. The system shall be configured and operated to 
meet the following requirements:

[[Page 790]]

    (i) The running loss fuel vapor sampling system shall be designed to 
measure the true mass of fuel vapor emissions collected by the running 
loss vapor vent collection system from the specified fuel vapor vents. 
The total volume of the mixture of running loss emissions and dilution 
air shall be measured and a continuously proportioned sample of volume 
shall be collected for analysis. Mass emissions shall be determined from 
the sample concentration and total flow over the test period.
    (ii) The PDP-CVS shall consist of a dilution air filter and mixing 
assembly, heat exchanger, positive-displacement pump, sampling system, 
and associated valves, pressure and temperature sensors. The PDP-CVS 
shall conform to the following requirements:
    (A) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the positive-displacement pump, shall be within 10 
deg.F of the designed operating temperature at the start of the test. 
The gas mixture temperature variation from its value at the start of the 
test shall be limited to 10  deg.F during the entire test. 
The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and precision of 
2  deg.F.
    (B) The pressure gauges shall have an accuracy and precision of 
1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (C) The flow capacity of the CVS shall not exceed 350 cfm.
    (D) Sample collection bags for dilution air and running loss fuel 
vapor samples shall be sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow.
    (iii) The CFV sample system shall consist of a dilution air filter 
and mixing assembly, a sampling venturi, a critical flow venturi, a 
sampling system and assorted valves, and pressure and temperature 
sensors. The CFV sample system shall conform to the following 
requirements:
    (A) The temperature measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 2  deg.F and a response time of 0.100 seconds 
of 62.5 percent of a temperature change (as measured in hot silicone 
oil).
    (B) The pressure measuring system shall have an accuracy and 
precision of 1.6 inches of water (0.4 kPa).
    (C) The flow capacity of the CVS shall not exceed 350 cfm.
    (D) Sample collection bags for dilution air and running loss fuel 
vapor samples shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample 
flow.
    (3) An on-line computer system or strip-chart recorder shall be used 
to record the following additional parameters during the running loss 
test sequence:
    (i) CFV (if used) inlet temperature and pressure.
    (ii) PDP (if used) inlet temperature, pressure, and differential 
pressure.

[58 FR 16047, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34358, June 30, 1995; 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1213-90  Fuel specifications.

    (a) Gasoline having the following specifications will be used in 
emissions testing for gasoline-fueled vehicles.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Item                         ASTM        Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, min..........................    D2699              93
Sensitivity, min...............................  .......             7.5
Lead (organic), g/U.S. gal.....................    D3237        0.050[1]
      (g/liter)................................  .......      (0.013)[1]
 
Distillation range:
  IBP,  deg.F..................................      D86           75-95
      (  deg.C)................................  .......       (23.9-35)
  10 pct. point,  deg.F........................      D86         120-135
      (  deg.C)................................  .......     (48.9-57.2)
  50 pct. point,  deg.F........................      D86         200-230
      (  deg.C)................................  .......      (93.3-110)
  90 pct. point,  deg.F........................      D86         300-325
      (  deg.C)................................  .......   (148.9-162.8)
  EP, max.  deg.F..............................      D86             415
      (  deg.C)................................  .......         (212.8)
Sulphur, max. wt. pct..........................    D1266            0.10
Phosphorous, max. g/U.S. gal...................    D3231           0.005
      (g/liter)................................  .......        (0.0013)
RVP, psi.......................................     D323         8.7-9.2
      (kPa)....................................  .......     (60.0-63.4)
 
Hydrocarbon composition:
  Olefins, max. pct............................    D1319              10
  Aromatics, max. pct..........................    D1319              35
  Saturates....................................    D1319             [2]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] Maximum.
[2] Remainder.

    (b)(1) Unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which 
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in 
service accumulation.
    (2) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 
1.0 Research octane number above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where 
sensitivity is defined as the Research octane

[[Page 791]]

number minus the Motor octane number.
    (3) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be 
characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the 
service accumulation takes place.
    (c) Methanol fuel used in evaporative emission testing and in 
service accumulation of methanol-fueled vehicles shall be representative 
of commercially available methanol fuel and shall consist of at least 50 
percent methanol (CH3OH) by volume.
    (1) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (c) of 
this section.
    (2) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (d) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (1) They are commercially available, and
    (2) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service, 
and
    (3) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (c)(2) of this section 
would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability, and
    (4) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (e) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(b), (c), and (d) of this section shall be reported in accordance with 
Sec. 86.090-21(b)(3).
    (f) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
vehicles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust 
and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for flexible 
fuel vehicles shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for which the 
vehicle was designed.
    (2) Manufacturer testing and service accumulation may be performed 
using only those mixtures (mixtures may be different for exhaust 
testing, evaporative testing, and service accumulation) expected to 
result in the highest emissions, provided:
    (i) The fuels which constitute the mixture will be used in customer 
service, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided by 
the manufacturer to show that the designated fuel mixtures would result 
in the highest emissions, and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraph 
(f)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.090-
21(b)(3).

[53 FR 476, Jan. 7, 1988, as amended at 54 FR 14563, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1213-94  Fuel specifications.

    (a) Gasoline fuel. (1) Gasoline having the following specifications 
will be used in emissions testing for gasoline-fueled vehicles.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Item                         ASTM        Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, min..........................    D2699              93
Sensitivity, min...............................  .......             7.5
Lead (organic) g/U.S. gal......................    D3237       \1\ 0.050
    (g/liter)..................................  .......     \1\ (0.013)
Distillation range:
    IBP  deg.F.................................      D86           75-95
        (  deg.C)..............................  .......       (23.9-35)
    10 pct. point  deg.F.......................      D86         120-135
        (  deg.C)..............................  .......     (48.9-57.2)
    50 pct. point  deg.F.......................      D86         200-230
        (  deg.C)..............................  .......      (93.3-110)
    90 pct. point  deg.F.......................      D86         300-325
        (  deg.C)..............................  .......   (148.9-162.8)
    EP, max.  deg.F............................      D86             415
        (  deg.C)..............................  .......         (212.8)
Sulphur, max. wt. pct..........................    D1266            0.10
Phosphorous, max. g/U.S. gal...................    D3231           0.005
    (g/liter)..................................  .......        (0.0013)
RVP, psi.......................................     D323         8.7-9.2
    (kPa)......................................  .......     (60.0-63.4)
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Olefins, max. pct..........................    D1319              10
    Aromatics, max. pct........................    D1319              35
    Saturates..................................    D1319           (\2\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.
\2\ Remainder.

    (2)(i) Unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which 
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in 
service accumulation.
    (ii) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 
1.0 Research octane number above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where 
sensitivity is defined as the Research octane

[[Page 792]]

number minus the Motor octane number.
    (iii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be 
characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the 
service accumulation takes place.
    (3) The specification range of the gasoline to be used under 
paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).
    (b) Methanol fuel. (1) Methanol fuel used in evaporative emission 
testing and in service accumulation of methanol-fueled vehicles shall be 
representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall consist 
of at least 50 percent methanol (CH3OH) by volume.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (2) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the methanol fuels to be used under 
paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).
    (c) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
vehicles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust 
and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for flexible 
fuel vehicles shall consist of the gasoline listed in paragraph (a) of 
this section and the methanol fuel listed in paragraph (b) of this 
section, and shall be within the range fuel mixtures for which the 
vehicle was designed as reported in accordance with Sec. 86.94-21. The 
Administrator may use any fuel within this range for testing.
    (2) The fuel mixtures used by the manufacturers shall be sufficient 
to demonstrate compliance over the full design range, and shall include:
    (i) For emission testing:
    (A) The petroleum fuel specified in paragraph (a) of this section;
    (B) A methanol fuel representative of the methanol fuel expected to 
be found in use, as specified in paragraph (d) of this section; and
    (C) A combination of the fuels specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i)(A) 
and (B) of this section that represents the composition which results in 
the highest Reid Vapor Pressure for the mixture. The mixture shall 
contain between nine and thirteen percent methanol.
    (ii) For service accumulation, an alternating combination of the 
fuels specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section that, based on 
good engineering judgement, demonstrates the durability of the emission 
control system. The fuels may be used as a single mixture or alternated.
    (iii) Or, other combinations for testing or service accumulation 
which demonstrate compliance with the standards over the entire design 
range of the vehicle, provided that written approval is obtained from 
the Administrator prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraph 
(c) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21.
    (d) Natural gas fuel. (1) Natural gas fuel having the following 
specifications will be used in evaporative emission testing and in 
service accumulation of natural gas-fueled vehicles shall be 
commercially available natural gas fuel.

              Natural Gas Certification Fuel Specifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Item                                        ASTM    Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane...........................  min. mole pct          D1945    89.0
Ethane............................  max. mole pct          D1945     4.5
C3 and higher.....................  max. mole pct          D1945     2.3
C6 and higher.....................  max. mole pct          D1945     0.2
Oxygen............................  max. mole pct          D1945     0.6
Inert gases:
    Sum of CO2 and N2.............  max. mole pct          D1945     4.0

[[Page 793]]

 
Odorant \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The natural gas at ambient conditions must have a distinctive odor
  potent enough for its presence to be detected down to a concentration
  in air of not over \1/5\ (one-fifth) of the lower limit of
  flammability.

    (2) Natural gas fuel representative of commercial natural gas which 
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in 
service accumulation.
    (3) Other natural gas fuels may be used for emission testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (4) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(d)(1), (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).
    (e) Liquefied petroleum gas-fuel. (1) Liquefied petroleum gas-fuel 
used in evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation of 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles shall be commercially available 
liquefied petroleum gas-fuel.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel 
to be used for testing and service accumulation.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the liquefied petroleum gas-
fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation.
    (2) Other liquefied petroleum gas fuels may be used for testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section shall be measured in accordance with 
ASTM D2163-91 and reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).

[59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 34359, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1214-85  Analytical gases.

    (a) Analyzer gases. (1) Gases for the hydrocarbon analyzer shall be:
    (i) Single blends of propane using air as the diluent; and
    (ii) Optionally, for response factor determination, single blends of 
methanol using air as the diluent.
    (2) Fuel for the evaporative emission enclosure FID (or HFID for 
methanol-fueled vehicles) shall be a blend of 40 2 percent 
hydrogen with the balance being helium. The mixture shall contain less 
than 1 ppm equivalent carbon response. 98 to 100 percent hydrogen fuel 
may be used with advance approval by the Administrator.
    (3) The allowable zero air impurity concentration shall not exceed 1 
ppm equivalent carbon response.
    (4) ``Zero grade air'' includes artificial ``air'' consisting of a 
blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentrations between 18 and 
21 mole percent.
    (5) The use of proportioning and precision blending devices to 
obtain the required analyzer gas concentrations is allowable provided 
their use has been approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (b) Calibration gases (not including methanol) shall be traceable to 
within one percent of NIST (formerly NBS) gas standards, or other gas 
standards which have been approved by the Administrator.
    (c) Span gases (not including methanol) shall be accurate to within 
two percent of true concentration, where true concentration refers to 
NIST (formerly NBS) gas standards, or other gas standards which have 
been approved by the Administrator.
    (d) Methanol in air gases used for response factor determination 
shall:
    (1) Be traceable to within 2 percent of NIST (formerly 
NBS) gas standards, or other gas standards which have been approved by 
the Administrator; and
    (2) Remain within 2 percent of the labeled 
concentration. Demonstration

[[Page 794]]

of stability shall be based on a quarterly measurement procedure with a 
precision of 2 percent (two standard deviations), or other 
method approved by the Administrator. The measurement procedure may 
incorporate multiple measurements. If the true concentration of the gas 
changes by more than two percent, but less than ten percent, the gas may 
be relabeled with the new concentration.

[48 FR 1456, Jan. 12, 1983, as amended at 60 FR 34359, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1215-85  EPA heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) urban dynamometer driving schedule.

    (a) The EPA dynamometer driving schedule for heavy-duty vehicles is 
a 1060 second transient speed versus time cycle which is designed to 
simulate gasoline-fueled HDV operation in urban areas. A second by 
second listing of this schedule is given in appendix I(d) of this part. 
Thirty-three percent of the cycle is idle operation, and the average 
vehicle speed is 18.9 mph (30.4 km/hr). The Administrator will use this 
driving schedule when conducting evaporative emission tests, as 
described in Sec. 86.1230-96.
    (b) The driver should attempt to follow the target schedule as 
closely as possible. The speed tolerance at any given time for these 
schedules, or for a driver's aid chart approved by the Administrator, 
are as follows:
    (1) The upper limit is 4 mph (6.4 km/h) higher than the highest 
point on the trace within 1 second of the given time.
    (2) The lower limit is 4 mph (6.4 km/h) lower than the lowest point 
on the trace within 1 second of the given time.
    (3)(i) Speed variations greater than the tolerances (such as may 
occur during gear changes or braking spikes) are acceptable, provided 
they occur for less than 2 seconds on any occasion and are clearly 
documented as to the time and speed at that point of the driving 
schedule.
    (ii) When conducted to meet the requirements of Sec. 86.1229, up to 
three additional occurrences of speed variations greater than the 
tolerance are acceptable, provided they occur for less than 15 seconds 
on any occasion, and are clearly documented as to the time and speed at 
that point of the driving schedule.
    (4) Speeds lower than those prescribed are acceptable, provided the 
vehicle is operated at maximum available power during such occurrences.

[48 FR 1456, Jan. 12, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 16050, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.1216-90  Calibrations; frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in Sec. 86.1217 
through Sec. 86.1226.
    (b) At least yearly or after any maintenance which could alter 
background emission levels, enclosure background emission measurements 
shall be performed.
    (c) At least monthly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) Calibrate the hydrocarbon analyzer (see Sec. 86.1221). Certain 
analyzers may require more frequent calibration depending on particular 
equipment and uses.
    (2) Calibrate the dynamometer. If the dynamometer receives a weekly 
performance check (and remains within calibration) the monthly 
calibration need not be performed (see Sec. 86.1218).
    (3) Perform a hydrocarbon retention check and calibration on the 
evaporative emission enclosure (see Sec. 86.1217).
    (d) At least twice annually or after any maintenance perform a 
methanol retention check and calibration on the evaporative emission 
enclosure (see Sec. 86.1217).
    (e) Calibrate the methanol analyzer as often as required by the 
manufacturer or as necessary according to good practice.

[54 FR 14564, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34359, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1217-90  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

    The calibration of the evaporative emission enclosure consists of 
three parts: Initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of 
enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol 
retention check and calibration. Methanol measurements may be omitted 
when methanol-fueled vehicles

[[Page 795]]

will not be tested in the evaporative enclosure.
    (a) Initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions. Prior to its introduction into service, annually thereafter, 
and after any repair which can affect the enclosure background 
emissions, the enclosure shall be checked to determine that it does not 
contain materials which will themselves emit hydrocarbons or 
methanol.\1\ Proceed as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Note: When methanol as well as hydrocarbons are present in the 
evaporative enclosure, the HFID hydrocarbon concentration measurement 
includes the partial response of the HFID to methanol plus the 
hydrocarbons. Determination of the HFID response to methanol, 
Sec. 86.1221, prior to its being placed in service is required for the 
determination of hydrocarbons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (1) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.
    (2) Purge the enclosure until a stable background hydrocarbon 
reading is obtained.
    (3) Turn on the mixing blower (if not already on).
    (4) Seal enclosure and measure background hydrocarbon concentration, 
background methanol, temperature, and barometric pressure. These are the 
initial readings CHCi, CCH3OHi, Ti, and 
PBi, for the enclosure background determination.
    (5) Allow the enclosure to stand undisturbed without sampling for 
four hours.
    (6) Measure the hydrocarbon and methanol concentration on the same 
FID. These are the final concentrations, CHCf and 
CCH3OHf. Also measure final temperature and barometric 
pressure.
    (7) Calculate the mass change of methanol, hydrocarbons, and 
hydrocarbons plus methanol in the enclosure according to the equations 
in paragraph (d) of this section. The enclosure background emissions 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol) shall not be greater than 0.4g for the 4 
hours.
    (b) Initial determination of enclosure internal volume. Prior to its 
introduction into service the enclosure internal volume shall be 
determined by the following procedure.
    (1) Carefully measure the internal length, width and height of the 
enclosure, accounting for irregularities (such as braces) and calculate 
the internal volume.
    (2) Perform an enclosure calibration check according to paragraphs 
(c) (1) through (7) of this section.
    (3) If the calculated mass does not agree within 2 
percent of the injected propane mass, then corrective action is 
required.
    (c) Hydrocarbon and methanol retention check and claibration. The 
hydrocarbon and methanol retention check provides a check upon the 
calculated volume and also measures the leak rate. Prior to its 
introduction into service and at least monthly thereafter the enclosure 
leak rate shall be determined as follows:
    (1) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.
    (2) Purge the enclosure until a stable background hydrocarbon 
reading is obtained.
    (3) Turn on the mixing blower (if not already on).
    (4) Seal enclosure and measure background hydrocarbon concentration, 
background methanol, temperature, and barometric pressure. These are the 
initial readings CHCi, CCH3OHi, Ti and 
PBi for the enclosure calibration.
    (5) Inject into the enclosure a known quantity of pure propane (4g 
is a convenient quantity) and a known quantity of pure methanol (4g is a 
convenient quantity) in gaseous form; i.e., at a temperature of at least 
150-155  deg.F (65-68  deg.C). The propane and methanol may be measured 
by volume flow or by mass measurement. The method used to measure the 
propane and methanol shall have an accuracy of 0.5 percent 
of the measured value. (Less accurate methods may be used with the 
advanced approval of the Administrator.) The methanol and propane tests 
do not need to be conducted simultaneously.
    (6) After a minimum of 5 minutes of mixing, analyze the enclosure 
atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content, also record temperature 
and pressure. These measurements are the final readings for the 
enclosure calibration as well as the initial readings for the retention 
check.
    (7) To verify the enclosure calibration, calculate the mass of 
propane and

[[Page 796]]

the mass of methanol using the measurements taken in steps (4) and (6). 
See paragraph (d) of this section. This quantity must be within 
2 percent of that measured in step 5 above. (For 1991-1995 
calendar years, the difference may exceed 2 percent for 
methanol, provided it does not exceed 6 percent.)
    (8) Allow the enclosure to remain sealed for a minimum of 4 hours, 
analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content; 
record temperature and barometric pressure. These are the final readings 
for the hydrocarbon and methanol retention check.
    (9) Calculate, using the equation in paragraph (d) of this section 
and the readings taken in step (8), the hydrocarbon and methanol mass. 
It may not differ by more than 4 percent of the value in 
step (6). (For 1991-1995 calendar year methanol-fueled vehicles, the 
difference may exceed 4 percent for methanol, provided it 
does not exceed 6 percent.)
    (d) Calculations. (1) The calculation of net methanol and 
hydrocarbon mass change is used to determine enclosure background and 
leak rate. It is also used to check the enclosure volume measurements. 
The methanol mass change is calculated from the initial and final 
methanol samples, temperature and pressure according to the following 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.117


Where:
    (i) MCH3OH=Methanol mass change,  g.
    (ii) V=Enclosure volume, ft\3\, as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section.
    (iii) TE=Temperature of sample withdrawn,  deg.R.
    (iv) VE=Volume of sample withdrawn, ft\3\.
    (v) PB=Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. Hg.
    (vi) CMS=GC concentration of test sample.
    (vii) AV=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger.
    (viii) i=Initial sample.
    (ix) f=Final sample.
    (x) 1=First impinger.
    (xi) 2=Second impinger.
    (2) The hydrocarbon mass change is calculated from the initial and 
final FID readings of hydrocarbon concentration, methanol concentration 
with FID response to methanol, temperature, and pressure according to 
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.118


Where:
(i) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
(ii) CHC=FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm carbon 
including FID response to methanol in the sample.
(iii) CCH3OH=Methanol concentration as ppm carbon.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.119


[[Page 797]]


    (iv) V = Enclosure volume, ft\3\ (m\3\), as measured in paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section.
    (v) r = FID response factor to methanol.
    (vi) PB = Barometric pressure, in. Hg (kPa).
    (vii) T = Enclosure ambient temperature,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (viii) i = Indicates initial reading.
    (ix) f = Indicates final reading.
    (x) (A) k = 3.05
    (B) For SI units, k = 17.60
    Note: Hydrocarbon concentration is stated in ppm carbon, that is, 
ppm propane  x  3. Expressions in parentheses are for SI units.

[54 FR 14564, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34359, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1217-96  Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

    The calibration of evaporative emission enclosures consists of three 
parts: initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of 
enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol 
retention check and calibration. Methanol measurements may be omitted if 
methanol-fueled vehicles will not be tested in the evaporative 
enclosure. Alternate calibration methods may be used if shown to yield 
equivalent or superior results, and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator; specifically, more extreme temperatures may be used for 
determining calibration without affecting the validity of test results.
    (a) Initial and periodic determination of enclosure background 
emissions. Prior to its introduction into service, annually thereafter, 
and after any repair that can affect the enclosure background emissions, 
the enclosure shall be checked to determine that it does not contain 
materials that will themselves emit hydrocarbons or methanol. When 
methanol as well as hydrocarbons are present in the evaporative 
enclosure, the HFID hydrocarbon concentration measurement includes the 
partial response of the HFID to methanol plus the hydrocarbons. 
Determination of the HFID response to methanol, Sec. 86.1221, prior to 
its being placed in service is required for the determination of 
hydrocarbons. Proceed as follows:
    (1) Prepare the enclosure. (i) Variable-volume enclosures may be 
operated in either latched or unlatched volume configuration, as 
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Ambient temperatures 
shall be maintained at 963  deg.F throughout the 4-hour 
period.
    (ii) Fixed-volume enclosures may be operated with inlet and outlet 
flow streams either closed or open; if inlet and outlet flow streams are 
open, the air flowing into and out of the enclosure must be monitored in 
accordance with Sec. 86.107-96(a)(1)(ii)(B). Ambient temperatures shall 
be maintained at 963  deg.F throughout the 4-hour period.
    (iii) For running loss enclosures ambient temperatures shall be 
maintained at 953  deg.F throughout the 4-hour period. For 
running loss enclosures designed with a vent for makeup air, the 
enclosure shall be operated with the vent closed.
    (2) The enclosure may be sealed and the mixing fan operated for a 
period of up to 12 hours before the 4-hour background sampling period 
begins.
    (3) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.
    (4) Prior to the background determination, purge the enclosure until 
a stable background hydrocarbon reading is obtained.
    (5) Turn on the mixing blower (if not already on).
    (6) Seal enclosure and measure background hydrocarbon concentration, 
background methanol, temperature, and barometric pressure. These are the 
initial readings CHCi, CCH3OHi, and 
PBi, Ti for the enclosure background 
determination.
    (7) Allow the enclosure to stand undisturbed for four hours.
    (8) Measure the hydrocarbon concentration on the same FID and the 
methanol level. These are the final concentrations, CHCf and 
CCH3OHf. Also measure final temperature and 
barometric pressure.
    (9) Calculate the mass change of methanol, hydrocarbons, and 
hydrocarbons plus methanol in the enclosure according to the equations 
in paragraph (d) of this section.

[[Page 798]]

    (i) Diurnal enclosures. The enclosure background emissions 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol) shall not be greater than 0.05g for the 4 
hours.
    (ii) Running loss enclosures. The enclosure background emissions 
(hydrocarbons plus methanol) shall not be greater than 0.2 grams for the 
4 hours.
    (b) Initial determination of enclosure internal volume. Prior to its 
introduction into service the enclosure internal volume shall be 
determined by the following procedure:
    (1) Carefully measure the internal length, width and height of the 
enclosure, accounting for irregularities (such as braces) and calculate 
the internal volume. For variable-volume enclosures, latch the enclosure 
to a fixed volume when the enclosure is held at a constant temperature; 
this nominal volume shall be repeatable within 0.5 percent 
of the reported value.
    (2)-(3) [Reserved]
    (c) Hydrocarbon and methanol (organic gas) retention check and 
calibration. The hydrocarbon and methanol (if the enclosure is used for 
methanol-fueled vehicles) retention check provides a check upon the 
calculated volume and also measures the leak rate. The enclosure leak 
rate shall be determined prior to its introduction into service, 
following any modifications or repairs to the enclosure that may affect 
the integrity of the enclosure, and at least monthly thereafter. If six 
consecutive monthly retention checks are successfully completed without 
corrective action, the enclosure leak rate may be determined quarterly 
thereafter as long as no corrective action is required.
    (1) An enclosure to be used for the diurnal emission test (see 
Sec. 86.1233-96) shall be calibrated according to the following 
procedure. Calibration for hydrocarbon and methanol may be conducted 
simultaneously or in sequential test runs.
    (i) Zero and span (calibrate if required) the hydrocarbon analyzer.
    (ii) Purge the enclosure until a stable background hydrocarbon 
reading is obtained.
    (iii) Turn on the mixing blowers (if not already on).
    (iv) [Reserved]
    (v) Turn on the ambient temperature control system (if not already 
on) and adjust it for an initial temperature of 96  deg.F (36  deg.C). 
On variable-volume enclosures, latch the enclosure to the appropriate 
volume position for the set temperature. On fixed-volume enclosures 
close the outlet and inlet flow streams.
    (vi) When the enclosure stabilizes at 963  deg.F 
(362  deg.C), seal the enclosure and measure background 
hydrocarbon concentration, background methanol, temperature, and 
barometric pressure. These are the initial readings CHCi, 
CCH3OHi, Ti, and PBi for the 
enclosure calibration.
    (vii) Inject into the enclosure 2 to 6 grams of pure methanol at a 
temperature of at least 150  deg.F (65  deg.C) and/or 2 to 6 grams of 
pure propane. The injected quantity may be measured by volume flow or by 
mass measurement. The method used to measure the quantity of methanol 
and propane shall have an accuracy of 0.2 percent of the 
measured value (less accurate methods may be used with the advance 
approval of the Administrator).
    (viii) After a minimum of 5 minutes of mixing, analyze the enclosure 
atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content, also record temperature 
and pressure. These measurements are the final readings for the 
enclosure calibration as well as the initial readings for the retention 
check.
    (ix) To verify the enclosure calibration, calculate the mass of 
propane and the mass of methanol using the measurements taken in 
paragraphs (c)(1)(vi) and (viii) of this section. See paragraph (d) of 
this section. This quantity must be within 2 percent of that 
measured in paragraph (c)(1)(vii) of this section. (For calendar years 
through 1995, the difference may exceed 2 percent for 
methanol, provided it does not exceed 6 percent.)
    (x) For variable-volume enclosures, unlatch the enclosure from the 
nominal volume configuration. For fixed-volume enclosures, open the 
outlet and inlet flow streams.
    (xi) Start cycling the ambient temperature from 96  deg.F to 72 
deg.F and back to 96  deg.F over a 24-hour period, according to the 
profile specified in Sec. 86.1233-96 and appendix II of this part, 
within 15 minutes of sealing the enclosure.

[[Page 799]]

    (xii) At the completion of the 24-hour cycling period, analyze the 
enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbon and methanol content; determine the 
net withdrawn methanol (in the case of diurnal emission testing with 
fixed-volume enclosures); record temperature and barometric pressure. 
These are the final readings for the hydrocarbon and methanol retention 
check. The final hydrocarbon and methanol mass, calculated in paragraph 
(d) of this section, shall be within 3 percent of that determined in 
paragraph (c)(1)(viii) of this section. (For calendar years through 
1995, the difference may exceed 3 percent for methanol, 
provided it does not exceed 6 percent.)
    (2) An enclosure to be used for the running loss test (see 
Sec. 86.1234-96) shall meet the calibration and retention requirements 
of Sec. 86.1217-90(c).
    (3) Enclosures calibrated according to the procedures specified in 
either paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section may be used for hot 
soak testing (see Sec. 86.1238).
    (4) The Administrator, upon request, may waive the requirement to 
comply with 2 percent methanol recovery tolerance, and/or 
the 3 percent retention tolerance and instead require 
compliance with higher tolerances (not to exceed 6 percent 
for recoveries and 8 for retention), provided that:
    (i) The Administrator determines that compliance with these 
specified tolerances is not practically feasible; and
    (ii) The manufacturer makes information available to the 
Administrator which indicates that the calibration tests and their 
results are consistent with good laboratory practice, and that the 
results are consistent with the results of calibration testing conducted 
by the Administrator.
    (d) Calculations. (1) The calculation of net methanol and 
hydrocarbon mass change is used to determine enclosure background and 
leak rate. It is also used to check the enclosure volume measurements. 
The methanol mass change is calculated from the initial and final 
methanol samples, the net withdrawn methanol (in the case of diurnal 
emission testing with fixed-volume enclosures), and initial and final 
temperature and pressure according to the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.120

Where:
    (i) MCH3OH=Methanol mass change,  g.
    (ii) V=Enclosure volume, ft\3\, as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of 
this section.
    (iii) [Reserved]
    (iv) [Reserved]
    (v) VE=Volume of sample withdrawn, ft3. Sample 
volumes must be corrected for differences in temperature to be 
consistent with determination of Vn, prior to being used in 
the equation.
    (vi) PB=Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. Hg.
    (vii) CMS=GC concentration of test sample.
    (viii) AV=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger.
    (ix) i=Initial sample.
    (x) f=Final sample.
    (xi) 1=First impinger.
    (xii) 2=Second impinger.
    (xiii) MCH3OH,out=mass of methanol exiting the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, 
g.
    (xiv) MCH3OH,in=mass of methanol entering the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, 
g.
    (2) The hydrocarbon mass change is calculated from the initial and 
final FID readings of hydrocarbon concentration, methanol concentration 
with FID response to methanol, temperature, and pressure according to 
the following equation:

[[Page 800]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.121


Where:
    (i) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (ii) CHC=FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm carbon 
including FID response to methanol in the sample.
    (iii) CCH3OH=Methanol concentration as ppm carbon
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.122
    
    (iv) V=Enclosure volume ft\3\ (m\3\), as measured in paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section.
    (v) r=FID response factor to methanol.
    (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa).
    (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K).
    (viii) i=Indicates initial reading.
    (ix) f=Indicates final reading.
    (x)(A) k=3.05.
    (B) For SI units, k=17.60.
    (xi) MHC,out=mass of hydrocarbon exiting the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (xii) MHC,in=mass of hydrocarbon entering the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (3) For variable-volume enclosures, defined in 
Sec. 86.1207(a)(1)(i), the following simplified form of the hydrocarbon 
mass change equation may be used:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.123

    (e) Calibration of equipment for point-source testing of running 
losses. For the point-source method, the running loss fuel vapor 
sampling system shall be calibrated as a CVS system, as specified in 
Sec. 86.119, with the additional specification that the vapor sampling 
system verification be conducted as follows:
    (1) The following ``gravimetric'' technique can be used to verify 
that the vapor sampling system and analytical instruments can accurately 
measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system. If the 
vapor sampling system will be used only in the testing of petroleum-
fueled engines, system verification may be performed using propane. If 
the vapor sampling system will be used with methanol-fueled vehicles as 
well as petroleum-fueled vehicles, the system verification performance 
check must include a methanol check in addition to the propane check. 
(Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow metering using 
critical flow orifice devices.)
    (i) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane 
gas. Obtain another small cylinder that has been charged with pure 
methanol if the system will be used for methanol-fueled vehicle testing. 
Since this cylinder will be heated to 150-155  deg.F, care must be taken 
to ensure that the liquid volume of methanol placed in the cylinder does 
not exceed approximately

[[Page 801]]

one-half of the total volume of the cylinder.
    (ii) Determine a reference cylinder weight to the nearest 0.01 
grams.
    (iii) Operate the vapor sampling system in the normal manner and 
release a known quantity of pure propane into the most frequently used 
fuel vapor collector during the sampling period (approximately 5 
minutes).
    (iv) Continue to operate the vapor sampling system in the normal 
manner and release a known quantity of pure methanol into the system 
during the sampling period (approximately 5 minutes).
    (v) The calculations of Sec. 86.1244 are performed in the normal 
way, except in the case of propane. The density of propane (17.30 g/
ft\3\/carbon atom (0.6109 kg/m\3\/carbon atom)) is used in place of the 
density of exhaust hydrocarbons. In the case of methanol, the density of 
37.71 g/ft\3\ (1.332 kg/m\3\) is used.
    (vi) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the vapor sampling 
system measured mass and then divided by the gravimetric mass to 
determine the percent accuracy of the system.
    (vii) The cause for any discrepancy greater than 2 
percent must be found and corrected.
    (2) This procedure shall be conducted in the point-source running 
loss test environment with the collector installed in a vehicle in the 
normal test configuration. The fuel of the test vehicle shall either be 
diesel, or it shall be kept under 100  deg.F (38  deg.C). Two to six 
grams of pure propane and two to six grams of pure methanol shall be 
injected into the collector while the vehicle is operated over one 
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, as described in 
Sec. 86.1215 and appendix I of this part. The propane and methanol 
injections shall be conducted at the ambient temperature of 
955  deg.F (353  deg.C).

[58 FR 16050, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 34360, June 30, 1995; 
60 FR 43900, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1218-85  Dynamometer calibration.

    (a) The dynamometer shall be calibrated at least once each month or 
performance verified at least once each week and then calibrated as 
required. The calibration shall consist of the manufacturer's 
recommended calibration procedure plus a determination of the 
dynamometer frictional power absorption. If the dynamometer is to be 
used for driving only the reference (transient) schedule, the frictional 
power absorption needs to be determined only at 50.0 mph (80.5 km/hr). 
If the dynamometer is to be used for driving the steady-state cycle, the 
frictional power absorption needs to be determined through the range of 
15 to 50 mph. One method for determining dynamometer frictional power 
absorption at 50.0 mph (80.5 km/hr) is described below. The same general 
method can be used at other speeds. Other methods may be used if shown 
to yield equivalent results. The measured absorbed road power includes 
the dynamometer friction as well as the power absorbed by the power 
absorption unit. The dynamometer is driven above the test speed range. 
The device used to drive the dynamometer is then disengaged from the 
dynamometer and the roll(s) is (are) allowed to coastdown. The kinetic 
energy of the system is dissipated by the dynamometer. This method 
neglects the variations in roll bearing friction due to the drive axle 
weight of the vehicle. In the case of dynamometers with paired rolls, 
the inertia and power absorption of the free (rear) roll may be 
neglected if its inertia is less than 3.0 percent of the total 
equivalent inertia required for vehicle testing.
    (1) Devise a method to determine the speed of the roll(s) to be 
measured for power absorption. A fifth wheel, revolution pickup, or 
other suitable means may be used.
    (2) Place a vehicle on the dynamometer or devise another method of 
driving the dynamometer.
    (3) If the dynamometer is capable of simulating more than a single 
inertia mass, engage the inertial flywheel or other inertial simulation 
system for the most common vehicle mass category for which the 
dynamometer is used. In addition, other vehicle mass categories may be 
calibrated, if desired.
    (4) Drive the dynamometer up to 50 mph (80.5 km/hr).
    (5) Record indicated road power.

[[Page 802]]

    (6) Drive the dynamometer up to 60 mph (96.9 km/hr).
    (7) Disengage the device used to drive the dynamometer.
    (8) Record the time for the dynamometer roll(s) to coastdown from 
55.0 mph (88.5 km/hr) to 45.0 mph (72.4 km/hr).
    (9) Adjust the power absorption unit to a different level.
    (10) Repeat steps (4) to (8) above sufficient times to cover the 
range of road power used.
    (11) Calculate absorbed road power (HPd). (See paragraph 
(c) of this section.)
    (12) Plot indicated road load power at 50 mph (80.5 km/hr) versus 
road load power at 50 mph (80.5 km/hr).
    (b) The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer 
coastdown and comparing the coastdown time to that recorded during the 
last calibration. If the coastdown times differ by more than 1 second or 
by 5 percent of the time recorded during the last calibration, whichever 
is greater, a new calibration is required.
    (c) Calculations. The road load power actually absorbed by each roll 
assembly (or roll-inertia weight assembly) of the dynamometer is 
calculated from the following equation:

HPd = (\1/2\) (W/32.2) (V12--
          V22)/550t

Where:
HPd = Power, horsepower (kilowatts)
W = Equivalent inertia, lb (kg)
V 1 = Initial velocity, ft/s (m/s) (55 mph = 88.5 km/h = 
80.67 ft/s = 24.58 m/s)
V2 = Final velocity, ft/s (m/s) (45 mph = 72.4 km/h = 66 ft/s 
= 20.11 m/s)
t = Elapsed time for rolls to coast from 55 mph to 45 mph (88.5 to 72.4 
km/hr).

(Expressions in parenthesis are for SI units). When the coastdown is 
from 55 to 45 mph (88.5 to 72.4 km/hr) the above equation reduces to:

HPd = 0.06073 (W/t)

For SI units:
HP d = 0.09984 (W/t)

    The total road load power actually absorbed by the dynamometer is 
the sum of the absorbed road load power of each roll assembly.



Sec. 86.1221-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall receive the following initial and 
periodic calibrations.
    (a) Initial and periodic optimization of detector response. Prior to 
its introduction into service and at least annually thereafter, the FID 
hydrocarbon analyzer shall be adjusted for optimum hydrocarbon response. 
(The HFID used with methanol-fueled vehicles shall be operated at 
235 deg. 15  deg.F (113 deg. 8  deg.C)). 
Analyzers used with gasoline-fuel and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel shall 
be optimized using propane. Analyzers used with natural gas-fuel may be 
optimized using methane, or if calibrated using propane the FID response 
to methane shall be determined and applied to the FID hydrocarbon 
reading. Alternate methods yielding equivalent results may be used, if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (1) Follow the manufacturer's instructions or good engineering 
practice for instrument startup and basic operating adjustment using the 
appropriate FID fuel and zero-grade air.
    (2) Optimize on the most common operating range. Introduce into the 
analyzer a propane (or methane as appropriate) in air mixture with a 
propane (or methane as appropriate) concentration equal to approximately 
90 percent of the most common operating range.
    (3) Select an operating FID fuel flow rate that will give near 
maximum response and least variation in response with minor fuel flow 
variations.
    (4) To determine the optimum air flow, use the FID fuel flow setting 
determined above and vary air flow.
    (5) After the optimum flow rates have been determined, record them 
for future reference.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter the FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be 
calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges, and, if applicable, 
the methanol response factor shall be determined (paragraph (c) of this 
section). Use the same flow rate as when analyzing sample.
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the hydrocarbon analyzer with zero-grade air.
    (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with propane in 
air (or

[[Page 803]]

methane in air as appropriate) calibration gases having nominal 
concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 percent of that range. For 
each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least squares best-fit 
straight line is two percent or less of the value at each data point, 
concentration values may be calculated by use of a single calibration 
factor for that range. If the deviation exceeds two percent at any 
point, the best-fit non-linear equation which represents the data to 
within two percent of each test point shall be used to determine 
concentration.
    (c) FID response factor to methanol. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of hydrocarbon samples containing methanol, the 
methanol response factor of the analyzer shall be established. The 
methanol response factor shall be determined at several concentrations 
in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample, using either bag 
samples or gas bottles meeting the requirements of Sec. 86.114.
    (1) The bag sample of methanol for analysis in the FID, if used, 
shall be prepared using the apparatus shown in Figure M90-1. A known 
volume of methanol is injected, using a microliter syringe, into the 
heated mixing zone (250  deg.F (121  deg.C) of the apparatus. The 
methanol is vaporized and swept into the sample bag with a known volume 
of zero grade air measured by a gas flow meter with an accuracy of 
2 percent.

[[Page 804]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.184

    (2) The bag sample is analyzed using the FID.
    (3) The FID response factor, r, is calculated as follows:
    r = FIDppm/SAMppm

Where:
    (i) r = FID response factor.

[[Page 805]]

    (ii) FIDppm = FID reading in ppmC.
    (iii) SAMppm=methanol concentration in the sample bag, or gas 
bottle, in ppmC. SAMppm for sample bags:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.124


Where:
    (iv) 0.02406 = Volume of one mole at 29.92 in Hg and 68  deg.F, 
m\3\.
    (v) Fuel injected = Volume of methanol injected, ml.
    (vi) Fuel density = Density of methanol, 0.7914 g/ml.
    (vii) Air volume = Volume of zero grade air, m\3\.
    (viii) Mol. Wt. CH3OH = 32.04.
    (d) The gas chromatograph used in the analysis of methanol samples 
shall be calibrated at least monthly following manufacturers' 
recommended procedures (certain equipment may require more frequent 
calibration based on use and good engineering judgment).
    (e) FID response factor to methane. When the FID analyzer to be used 
for the analysis of natural gas-fueled vehicle hydrocarbon samples has 
been calibrated using propane, the methane response factor of the 
analyzer shall be established. To determine the total hydrocarbon FID 
response to methane, known methane in air concentrations traceable to 
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) shall be analyzed 
by the FID. Several methane concentrations shall be analyzed by the FID 
in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample. The total 
hydrocarbon FID response to methane is calculated as follows:


rCH4 = FIDppm/SAMppm

Where:
    (1) rCH4 = FID response factor to methane.
    (2) FIDppm = FID reading in ppmC.
    (3) SAMppm = the known methane concentration in ppmC.

[54 FR 14566, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48523, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34361, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1226-85  Calibration of other equipment.

    Other test equipment used for testing shall be calibrated as often 
as required by the manufacturer or as necessary according to good 
practice.



Sec. 86.1227-90  Test procedures; overview.

    (a) The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling, 
parking, and operating conditions. Vehicles are tested only for 
evaporative emissions.
    (b) The evaporative emission test (gasoline-fueled and methanol-
fueled vehicles) is designed to determine hydrocarbon and/or methanol 
evaporative emissions as a consequence of diurnal temperature 
fluctuation, urban driving and hot soaks during engine-off periods. It 
is associated with a series of events representative of heavy-duty 
vehicle operation, which result in hydrocarbon and/or methanol vapor 
losses. The test procedure is designed to measure:
    (1) Diurnal breathing losses resulting from daily temperature 
changes, measured by the enclosure technique;
    (2) Running losses from suspected sources (if indicated by 
engineering analysis or vehicle inspection) resulting from a simulated 
trip on a chassis dynamometer, measured by carbon traps; and
    (3) Hot soak losses which result when the vehicle is parked and the 
hot engine is turned off, measured by the enclosure technique.
    (c) Background concentrations are measured for all species for which 
emissions measurements are made. For evaporative testing, this requires 
measuring initial concentrations. (When testing methanol-fueled 
vehicles, manufacturers may choose not to measure background 
concentrations of methanol, and then assume that the concentrations are 
zero during calculations.)

[54 FR 14568, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34363, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1227-96  Test procedures; overview.

    (a) The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling, 
parking, and operating conditions. Vehicles are tested only for 
evaporative emissions.
    (b) The evaporative emission test (gasoline-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and methanol-fueled vehicles) is 
designed

[[Page 806]]

to determine hydrocarbon and/or methanol evaporative emissions as a 
consequence of diurnal temperature fluctuation urban driving and hot 
soaks during engine-off periods. It is associated with a series of 
events representative of heavy-duty vehicle operation, which result in 
hydrocarbon and/or methanol vapor losses. The test procedure is designed 
to measure:
    (1) Diurnal emissions resulting from daily temperature changes (as 
well as relatively constant resting losses), measured by the enclosure 
technique (see Sec. 86.1233);
    (2) Running losses resulting from a simulated trip on a chassis 
dynamometer, measured by the enclosure or point-source technique (see 
Sec. 86.1234; this test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles); 
and
    (3) Hot soak losses, which result when the vehicle is parked and the 
hot engine is turned off, measured by the enclosure technique (see 
Sec. 86.1238).
    (c) Background concentrations are measured for all species for which 
emissions measurements are made. For evaporative testing, this requires 
measuring initial concentrations. (When testing methanol-fueled 
vehicles, manufacturers may choose not to measure background 
concentrations of methanol, and then assume that the concentrations are 
zero during calculations.)

[58 FR 16052, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48523, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34363, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1228-85  Transmissions.

    (a) All test conditions, except as noted, shall be run in a manner 
representative of in-use operation, and where appropriate, according to 
the manufacturer's recommendation to the ultimate purchaser.
    (b) Except for the first idle mode, idle modes less than one minute 
in length shall be run with automatic transmissions in ``Drive'' and the 
wheels braked; manual transmissions shall be in gear with the clutch 
disengaged, except first idle. The first idle mode and idle modes longer 
than one minute in length shall be run with automatic transmissions in 
``Neutral,'' and manual transmissions shall be in ``Neutral'' with the 
clutch engaged (clutch may be disengaged for engine start-up).
    (c) The vehicle shall be driven with minimum accelerator pedal 
movement to maintain the desired operation.
    (d) Accelerations shall be driven smoothly according to the 
manufacturer's recommendation to the ultimate purchaser. For manual 
transmissions, the operator shall accomplish each shift with minimum 
time. If the vehicle cannot accelerate at the specified rate, the 
vehicle shall be operated at maximum available power until the vehicle 
speed reaches the value prescribed for that time in the driving 
schedule.
    (e) For those deceleration modes which decelerate to zero, manual 
transmission clutches shall be depressed when the speed drops below 15 
mph (24.1 km/hr), when engine roughness is evident, or when engine 
stalling is imminent.



Sec. 86.1229-85  Dynamometer load determination and fuel temperature profile.

    (a) Flywheels, electrical or other means of simulating inertia shall 
be used. The value of equivalent inertia weight shall be within 250 
pounds of the loaded vehicle weight (LVW). Loaded vehicle weight is 
defined as follows:
    (1) For test vehicles which have an actual weight less than 0.5  x  
(GVWR),

LVW = 0.5  x  (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating)

    (2) For test vehicles which have an actual weight (As tested) 
greater than 0.5  x  (GVWR),

LVW = Actual Weight of Test Vehicle,

    (b) Power absorption unit adjustment. (1) The power absorption unit 
shall be adjusted to reproduce road load power at 50 mph true speed. The 
indicated road load power setting shall take into account the 
dynamometer friction. The relationship between road load (absorbed) 
power and indicated road load power for a particular dynamometer shall 
be determined by the procedure outlined in Sec. 86.1218-85 or other 
suitable means.
    (2) The road load power used shall be determined from the following 
equation:


[[Page 807]]


RLP = 0.67(H - 0.75)W = 0.00125[LVW - (N  x  DW)]

Where:
RLP = Road Load Power at 50 mph (horsepower).
H = Vehicle overall maximum height (feet).
W = Vehicle overall maximum width (feet).
LVW = Loaded vehicle weight (pounds).
DW = Vehicle weight supported by the dynamometer (pounds).
N = Number of dynamometer rolls supporting a tire.


or the manufacturer may determine the road load power by an alternate 
procedure (including coastdown). Such alternate procedures shall exhibit 
good engineering judgement and shall be subject to review upon request 
by the Administrator. For vehicles which the manufacturer chooses to 
certify by the optional light-duty truck certification provision 
(Sec. 86.082-1(b)), the evaporative emission test procedure (and 
standard) will be that specified by the light-duty truck regulations.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Fuel temperature profile--(1) General requirements. (i) To be 
tested for running losses, as specified in Sec. 86.1234, a vehicle must 
have a fuel temperature profile. The following procedure is used to 
generate the fuel temperature profile, which serves as a target for 
controlling fuel temperatures during the running loss test. This profile 
represents the fuel temperature change that occurs during on-road 
driving. If a vehicle has more than one fuel tank, a profile shall be 
established for each tank. Manufacturers may also simultaneously 
generate a profile for vapor temperatures.
    (ii) If a manufacturer uses a vehicle model to develop a profile to 
represent multiple models, the vehicle model selected must have the 
greatest expected fuel temperature increase during driving of all those 
models it represents. Also, manufacturers must select test vehicles with 
any available vehicle options that increase fuel temperatures during 
driving (for example, any feature that limits underbody airflow).
    (iii) Manufacturers may conduct testing to develop fuel temperature 
profiles in a laboratory setting, subject to approval by the 
Administrator. The laboratory facility should simulate outdoor testing 
to reproduce fuel and vapor temperature behavior over the specified 
driving schedule. The design of the laboratory facility should include 
consideration of any parameters that may affect fuel temperatures, such 
as solar loading, pavement heat, and relative wind velocities around and 
underneath the test vehicle. Indoor testing to develop the fuel 
temperature profiles must be conducted with little or no vehicle-
specific adjustment of laboratory parameters. Manufacturers would need 
to maintain an ongoing demonstration of correlation between laboratory 
and outdoor measurement of fuel temperatures. Specifically, fuel 
temperatures and pressures from indoor driving should be at least as 
high as measured when driving outdoors according to the procedures 
described in this section.
    (iv) Small-volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.094-14(b)(1), 
may use an alternate method for generating fuel temperature profiles, 
subject to the approval of the Administrator.
    (v) The Administrator may conduct testing to establish any vehicle's 
temperature profiles or to verify compliance with fuel tank pressure 
requirements.
    (2) Vehicle instrumentation. (i) The vehicle must be equipped with 
temperature sensors and pressure transducers, as described in 
Sec. 86.1207-96(e) and (f), and a driver's aid, which shall be 
configured to provide the test driver with the desired vehicle speed vs. 
time trace and the actual vehicle speed.
    (ii) A computer, data logger, or strip chart data recorder shall 
record the following parameters at a minimum during the test run:
    (A) Desired speed;
    (B) Actual speed;
    (C) Instantaneous average liquid fuel temperature (Tliq); 
and
    (D) Vapor space pressure (the Administrator may omit measurement of 
fuel tank pressure).
    (iii) The data recording system described in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of 
this section shall be capable of resolving time to 1 s, 
capable of resolving temperature to 2  deg.F, capable of 
resolving pressure to 1.0 inch of water, and capable of 
resolving speed to 1 mph. The temperature and pressure 
signals shall be recorded at intervals of up to 1

[[Page 808]]

minute; speed signals shall be recorded at intervals of up to 1 second.
    (3) Ambient conditions. The procedure shall be run under the 
following ambient conditions. Conditions should be representative of 
sunny summer days.
    (i) Starting ambient temperature (Tamb,o) shall be at 
least 95  deg.F, steady or increasing (no more than 2  deg.F drop) 
during the procedure. Ambient temperature shall be measured and recorded 
in regular intervals of at least once every 5 minutes. Measure ambient 
temperature with the following requirements (based on Federal Standard 
for Siting Meteorological Sensors at Airports, FCM-S4-1987). The sensors 
shall be mounted 51 feet (1.50.3 meters) above 
ground level. The sensors shall be protected from radiation from the 
sun, sky, earth, and any other surrounding objects, but at the same time 
be adequately ventilated. The sensors shall be installed in such a 
position as to ensure that measurements are representative of the free 
air circulation in the locality and not influenced by artificial 
conditions such as large buildings, cooling towers, and expanses of 
concrete and tarmac. Keep any grass and vegetation within 100 feet (30 
meters) of the sensor clipped to a height of about 10 inches (25 
centimeters) or less.
    (ii) Wind conditions shall be calm to light with maximum wind speed 
of 15 mph. In the case of temporary gusting, wind speeds between 15 and 
25 mph may occur for up to 5 percent of the total driving time without 
invalidating the data collection. Wind speed shall be measured and 
recorded in regular intervals of at least once per minute. Measure wind 
speed with the following requirements (based on Federal Standard for 
Siting Meteorological Sensors at Airports, FCM-S4-1987). The site should 
be relatively level, but small gradual slopes are acceptable. The sensor 
shall be mounted 30 to 33 feet (9 to 10 meters) above the average ground 
height within a radius of 500 feet (150 meters). The sensor height shall 
not exceed 33 feet, except as necessary to be at least 15 feet (5 
meters) above the height of any obstruction (e.g. vegetation, buildings, 
etc.) within a 500 foot (150 meter) radius. An object is considered to 
be an obstruction if the included lateral angle from the sensor to the 
ends of the object is 10 degrees or more.
    (iii) Road surface temperature shall be at least 125  deg.F 
throughout the driving period. Pavement temperature shall be measured 
and recorded in regular intervals of at least once per minute. The track 
temperature may be measured with an embedded sensor, a portable 
temperature probe, or an infrared pyrometer that can provide an accuracy 
of 2  deg.F. Temperatures must be measured on a surface 
representative of the surface where the vehicle is driven.
    (iv) Conditions shall be sunny or mostly sunny with a maximum cloud 
cover of 25 percent.
    (v) Reported cloud cover, wind speed, and ambient temperature should 
be consistent with that reported by the nearest weather station; the 
Administrator may request justification of any discrepancy.
    (4) Profile determination procedure. (i) Drain the fuel tank(s) and 
fill with test fuel to the ``tank fuel volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-
2. The test fuel should meet the specifications of Sec. 86.1213, except 
that fuel with a lower volatility may be used, subject to Administrator 
approval. Manufacturers using a lower volatility fuel must generate a 
vapor temperature profile for demonstrating compliance with the limit on 
fuel tank pressure during the running loss test (see Sec. 86.1234-96).
    (ii) The vehicle shall be moved to the location where the data is to 
be collected. It may be driven a maximum distance of 5 miles and may 
also be transported by other means. The vehicle shall be stabilized by 
one of the following methods:
    (A) The vehicle shall be parked for a minimum of 12 hours in an open 
area on a surface that is representative of the test road, without any 
artificial heating or cooling of the fuel. The orientation of the front 
of the vehicle during parking (e.g., N, SW, etc.) shall be documented.
    (B) The vehicle may be soaked in a temperature-controlled 
environment to stabilize fuel temperatures. Before starting the drive, 
the vehicle shall be stabilized with fuel temperatures 953 
deg.F for at least one hour. The fuel temperature may not exceed 98 
deg.F at any

[[Page 809]]

time before the beginning of the driving schedule, during which only 
whole-vehicle heating and cooling may be used to control fuel 
temperatures. If a manufacturer uses the provisions of paragraph 
(d)(7)(v) of this section to establish a lower initial fuel temperature 
for the running loss test, the fuel in the test vehicle may not be 
stabilized at a temperature higher than the newly established initial 
fuel temperature.
    (iii) Once the ambient conditions specified in paragraph (d)(3) of 
this section are met and the vehicle has been stabilized according to 
paragraph (d)(4)(ii) of this section, the vehicle's engine may be 
started. The vehicle's air conditioning system (if so equipped) shall be 
set to the ``normal'' air conditioning mode and adjusted to the minimum 
discharge air temperature and high fan speed. Vehicles equipped with 
automatic temperature controlled air conditioning systems shall be set 
to operate in ``automatic'' temperature and fan modes with the system 
set at 72  deg.F.
    (iv) The vehicle may be operated at minimum throttle for a period up 
to 60 seconds prior to the start of the driving schedule, as necessary 
to move from the parking location onto the road surface. The driver's 
aid shall be started and the vehicle operated over the driving cycle 
specified in Sec. 86.1234-96(b) with the transmission operated in the 
same manner as specified in Sec. 86.128-79. The data recording system 
shall provide a record of the required parameters over the entire period 
of driving.
    (5) Records required. In addition to the vehicle data recording, the 
following parameters shall be documented for the determination of the 
fuel temperature profile:
    (i) Date and time of vehicle fueling;
    (ii) Odometer reading at vehicle fueling;
    (iii) Date and time vehicle was parked, parking location and 
orientation;
    (iv) Odometer reading at parking;
    (v) Date and time engine was started;
    (vi) Time of initiation of first Heavy-Duty Vehicle UDDS;
    (vii) Time of completion of the driving cycle;
    (viii) Ambient temperatures throughout the period of driving 
(Tamb);
    (ix) Wind speed throughout the period of driving;
    (x) Track surface temperatures throughout the period of driving 
cycle (Tsur);
    (xi) Percent cloud cover during the period of driving; and
    (xii) Ambient temperature, wind speed, and percent cloud cover 
reported by the nearest weather station for the time corresponding most 
closely to the period of driving.
    (6) Fuel tank pressure. Tank pressure shall not exceed 10 inches of 
water at any time during the temperature profile determination unless a 
pressurized system is used and the manufacturer demonstrates that vapor 
would not be vented to the atmosphere upon fuel cap removal.
    (7) Calculation of temperature profiles. (i) The traces from the 
driving schedule shall be verified to meet the speed tolerance 
requirements of Sec. 86.1215. The following conditions shall be 
verified:

    (A) Tamb,i  Tamb,o -2  deg.F.

Where,
    (1) i=instantaneous measurement throughout the drive; and
    (2) o=initial measurement at the start of the specified driving 
schedule.
    (B) Tamb,o95  deg.F.
    (C) Tsur,i-Tamb,i30  deg.F.
    (D) Wmax15 mph.

    (ii) Failure to comply with any of these requirements shall result 
in invalidation of the data and require that the procedure be repeated, 
beginning with the fuel drain at paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section.
    (iii) If all these requirements are met, the following calculations 
shall be performed to determine a profile for liquid fuel temperatures 
and, if applicable, for vapor temperatures: 
Ti,profile=Ti-To.
Where:
    (A) Ti,profile=the series of temperatures that comprise 
the relative temperature profile.
    (B) Ti=the series of observed liquid fuel or vapor 
temperatures during the drive.
    (C) To=the liquid fuel or vapor temperature observed at 
the start of the specified driving schedule.
    (iv) The relative temperature profile consists of the set of 
temperatures at

[[Page 810]]

each 1-minute interval. If temperatures are sampled more frequently than 
once per minute, the temperature data points may represent a rolling 
average of temperatures sampled for up to one-minute intervals. If 
multiple valid test runs are conducted for any model, then all the 
collected data shall be used to calculate a composite profile, based on 
the average temperatures at each point. The absolute temperature profile 
is determined by adding 95  deg.F (35  deg.C) to each point of the 
relative profile. Other methodologies for developing corrected liquid 
fuel and vapor space temperature profiles may be used if demonstrated to 
yield equivalent results and approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (v) Manufacturers may use a lower initial fuel temperature for the 
running loss test, if approved in advance by the Administrator. To 
demonstrate the need for such an adjustment, manufacturers would be 
expected to determine the maximum fuel temperature experienced by a 
vehicle during an extended park or after driving one UDDS cycle when 
exposed to the ambient conditions described in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section. To use this provision, manufacturers would have to show maximum 
fuel temperatures no greater than 92  deg.F.

[48 FR 1456, Jan. 12, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983; 58 
FR 16053, Mar. 24, 1993; 60 FR 43901, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1230-85  Test sequence; general requirements.

    The test sequence shown in Figure M85-1 show the steps encountered 
as the test vehicle undergoes the test procedure. Ambient temperature 
levels encountered by the test vehicle throughout the test sequence 
shall not be less than 68 deg. F (20 deg. C) nor more than 86 deg. F 
(30 deg. C). The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases 
of the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.

[[Page 811]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.185

[48 FR 1456, Jan. 12, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983]



Sec. 86.1230-96  Test sequence; general requirements.

    (a)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. The test sequence 
shown in figure M96-1 of this section shows the steps encountered as the 
test vehicle undergoes the procedures subsequently described to 
determine conformity with the standards set forth. The full three-
diurnal sequence depicted in figure M96-1 tests vehicles for all sources

[[Page 812]]

of evaporative emissions. The supplemental two-diurnal test sequence is 
designed to verify that vehicles sufficiently purge their evaporative 
canisters during the dynamometer run. Sections 86.1232-96, 86.1233-96 
and 86.1238-96 describe the separate specifications of the supplemental 
two-diurnal test sequence.
    (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. The test sequence shown in figure M96-1 
of this section shows the steps encountered as the test vehicle 
undergoes the procedures subsequently described to determine conformity 
with the standards set forth, with the exception that the fuel drain and 
fill and precondition canister steps are not required for gaseous-fueled 
vehicles. In addition, the supplemental two-diurnal test and the running 
loss test are not required.
    (b) The vehicle test for fuel spitback during fuel dispensing is 
conducted as a stand-alone test (see Sec. 86.1246). This test is not 
required for gaseous-fueled vehicles.
    (c) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle shall 
be not less than 68  deg.F nor more than 86  deg.F, unless otherwise 
specified. If a different ambient temperature is specified for soaking 
the vehicle, the soak period may be interrupted once for up to 10 
minutes to transport the vehicle from one soak area to another, provided 
the ambient temperature experienced by the vehicle is never below 68 
deg.F. The temperatures monitored during testing must be representative 
of those experienced by the test vehicle.
    (d) The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of 
the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.
    (e) If tests are invalidated after collection of emission data from 
previous test segments, the test may be repeated to collect only those 
data points needed to complete emission measurements. Compliance with 
emission standards may be determined by combining emission measurements 
from different test runs. If any emission measurements are repeated, the 
new measurements supersede previous values.

[[Page 813]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR23AU95.009

[58 FR 16054, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48524, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43902, Aug. 23, 1995]

[[Page 814]]



Sec. 86.1231-90  Vehicle preparation.

    (a) Prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the 
prescribed test fuel at the approximate mid-volume of the fuel when the 
tank is 40 percent full.
    (b) Provide additional fittings and adapters, as required, to 
accommodate a fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as 
installed on the vehicle.
    (c)(1) Any vapor storage device which absorbs HC vapors and/or 
CH3OH vapors and subsequently releases them to the engine 
induction system during vehicle operation shall be subjected to a 
minimum of 30 load-purge cycles or the equivalent thereof (4,000 miles 
or more of actual in-use vehicle service accumulation shall be 
considered equivalent). One load-purge cycle shall be accomplished by 
conducting one of the following procedures:
    (i) Vehicle Procedure. Park a fully-warm vehicle (a vehicle that has 
been driven for at least 15 minutes) for a time period of at least 3 
hours. Fill the fuel tank(s) to the prescribed ``tank fuel volume'' with 
specified test fuel (Sec. 86.1213) at room temperature. Then drive the 
vehicle through at least one cycle of the HDV reference (transient) 
urban dynamometer driving schedule.
    (ii) Laboratory Procedure. Flow vapors (gasoline or methanol, as 
appropriate) into a pre-purged vapor storage device until at least 10 
percent of the input HC or CH3OH mass flow rate is passing 
through the device. Purge the device with a volume of air which is at 
least as great as, and which has a temperature no higher than that which 
would be drawn through the device if it were installed on the test 
vehicle and the vehicle was operated according to the HDV reference 
(transient) urban dynamometer driving schedule. The vapor flow rate, the 
method used to generate the vapors, the air flow rate, and the air 
temperature shall be recorded. If pre-blended gas is used, then the 
composition and characteristics of the gas shall be recorded.
    (2) Ten load-purge cycles accumulated immediately prior to testing 
shall be conducted according to the method in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of 
this section. The preceding 20 cycles (minimum) shall be conducted 
according to either of the methods in paragraph (c)(1) (i) or (ii) of 
this section.

[54 FR 14568, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1231-96  Vehicle preparation.

    (a) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the fuel 
tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as 
described in Sec. 86.1207-96(e).
    (b) Provide additional fittings and adapters, as required, to 
accommodate a fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as 
installed on the vehicle.
    (c) For preconditioning that involves loading the evaporative 
emission canister(s) with butane, provide valving or other means as 
necessary to allow purging and loading of the canister(s).
    (d) For vehicles to be tested for running loss emissions, prepare 
the fuel tank(s) for measuring and recording the temperature and 
pressure of the fuel tank as specified in Sec. 86.1207-96 (e) and (f). 
Measurement of vapor temperature is optional during the running loss 
test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not 
be measured.
    (e) For vehicles to be tested for running loss emissions, prepare 
the exhaust system by sealing or plugging all detectable sources of 
exhaust gas leaks. The exhaust system shall be tested or inspected to 
ensure that detectable exhaust hydrocarbons are not emitted into the 
running loss enclosure during the running loss test.

[58 FR 16056, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 43904, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1232-90  Vehicle preconditioning.

    (a) The vehicle shall be moved to the test area and the following 
operations performed:
    (1) The fuel tank(s) shall be drained through the provided fuel 
tank(s) drain(s) and filled to the prescribed ``tank fuel volume'' with 
the specified test fuel, Sec. 86.1213. For the above operations the 
evaporative emission control system shall neither be abnormally purged 
nor abnormally loaded.
    (2) Within one hour of being fueled the vehicle shall be placed, 
either by being driven or pushed, on a dynamometer and operated through 
one HDV

[[Page 815]]

urban dynamometer driving schedule (see Sec. 86.1215). A test vehicle 
may not be used to set dynamometer horsepower.
    (3) The Administrator may choose to conduct additional 
preconditioning to insure that the evaporative emissions control system 
is stabilized. The additional preconditioning shall consist of an 
initial one hour minimum soak and one, two or three driving cycles of 
the dynamometer driving schedule, as described in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, each followed by a soak of at least one hour with engine 
off, engine compartment cover closed and cooling fan off. The vehicle 
may be driven off the dynamometer for the soak period which follows each 
driving cycle.
    (b) After completion of preconditioning the vehicle shall be driven 
off the dynamometer and parked. The engine shall be turned off within 
five minutes of completion of preconditioning. The vehicle may be pushed 
to its parking location after its engine has been turned off.

[54 FR 14568, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1232-96  Vehicle preconditioning.

    (a) Fuel tank cap(s) of gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles shall 
be removed during any period that the vehicle is parked outdoors 
awaiting testing, to prevent unusual loading of the canisters. During 
this time care must be taken to prevent entry of water or other 
contaminants into the fuel tank. During storage in the test area while 
awaiting testing, the fuel tank cap(s) may be in place. The vehicle 
shall be moved into the test area and the following operations 
performed.
    (b)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. Drain the fuel 
tank(s) and fill with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.1213, to the 
``tank fuel volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The fuel cap(s) shall be 
installed within one minute after refueling.
    (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. Vehicle fuel tanks are to be filled 
with fuel that meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. Fuel tanks shall 
be filled to a minimum of 75% of service pressure for natural gas-fueled 
vehicles or a minimum of 75% of available fill volume for liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Prior draining of the fuel tanks is not 
called for if the fuel in the tanks already meets the specifications in 
Sec. 86.113.
    (c) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles shall be soaked for at 
least 6 hours after being refueled. Gaseous-fueled vehicles shall be 
soaked for at least 1 hour after being refueled. Following this soak 
period, the test vehicle shall be placed, either by being driven or 
pushed, on a dynamometer and operated through one Heavy-Duty Vehicle 
Urban Dynamometer Driving schedule, specified in Sec. 86.1215 and 
appendix I of this part. Once a test vehicle has completed the refueling 
and vehicle soak steps specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section, these steps may be omitted in subsequent testing with the same 
vehicle and the same fuel specifications, provided the vehicle remains 
under laboratory ambient temperature conditions for at least 6 hours 
before starting the next test. In such cases, each subsequent test shall 
begin with the preconditioning drive specified in this paragraph. The 
test vehicle may not be used to set dynamometer horsepower.
    (d) [Reserved]
    (e) The Administrator may choose to conduct additional 
preconditioning to ensure that the evaporative emissions control system 
is stabilized. The additional preconditioning shall consist of an 
initial one hour minimum soak and one, two or three driving cycles of 
the dynamometer driving schedule, as described in paragraph (c) of this 
section, each followed by a soak of at least one hour with engine off, 
engine compartment cover closed and cooling fan off. The vehicle may be 
driven off the dynamometer for the soak period that follows each driving 
cycle.
    (f)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. After completion of 
the preconditioning drive, the vehicle shall be driven off the 
dynamometer. The vehicle's fuel tank(s) shall be drained and then filled 
with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.1213, to the ``tank fuel 
volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The vehicle shall be refueled within 
1 hour after completion of the preconditioning drive. The fuel cap(s) 
shall be installed within 1 minute after refueling. The vehicle shall be 
parked within five minutes after refueling.

[[Page 816]]

    (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. After completion of the preconditioning 
drive, the vehicle shall be driven off the dynamometer. Vehicle fuel 
tanks shall be refilled with fuel that meets the specifications in 
Sec. 86.1213. Fuel tanks shall be filled to a minimum of 75% of service 
pressure for natural gas-fueled vehicles or a minimum of 75% of 
available fill volume for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Prior 
draining of the fuel tanks is not called for if the fuel in the tanks 
already meets the specifications in Sec. 86.1213. The vehicle shall be 
parked within five minutes after refueling, or, in the absence of 
refueling, within five minutes after completion of the preconditioning 
drive.
    (g) The vehicle shall be soaked for not less than 12 hours nor more 
than 36 hours between the end of the refueling event and the beginning 
of the cold start exhaust emission test.
    (h) During the soak period for the three-diurnal test sequence 
described in Sec. 86.1230-96, evaporative canisters, if the vehicle is 
so equipped, shall be preconditioned according to the following 
procedure. For vehicles with multiple canisters in a series 
configuration, the set of canisters must be preconditioned as a unit. 
For vehicles with multiple canisters in a parallel configuration, each 
canister must be preconditioned separately. If production evaporative 
canisters are equipped with a functional service port designed for vapor 
load or purge steps, the service port shall be used during testing to 
precondition the canister. In addition, for model year 1998 and later 
vehicles equipped with refueling canisters, these canisters shall be 
preconditioned for the three-diurnal test sequence according to the 
procedure in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. If a vehicle is designed 
to actively control evaporative or refueling emissions without a 
canister, the manufacturer shall devise an appropriate preconditioning 
procedure, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
    (1)(i) Prepare the evaporative emission canister for the canister 
purging and loading operation. The canister shall not be removed from 
the vehicle, unless access to the canister in its normal location is so 
restricted that purging and loading can only reasonably be accomplished 
by removing the canister from the vehicle. Special care shall be taken 
during this step to avoid damage to the components and the integrity of 
the fuel system. A replacement canister may be temporarily installed 
during the soak period while the canister from the test vehicle is 
preconditioned.
    (ii) The canister purge shall be performed with ambient air of 
humidity controlled to 5025 grains per pound of dry air. 
This may be accomplished by purging the canister in a room that is 
conditioned to this level of absolute humidity. The flow rate of the 
purge air shall be maintained at a nominal flow rate of 0.8 cfm and the 
duration shall be determined to provide a total purge volume flow 
through the canister equivalent to 300 canister bed volume exchanges. 
The bed volume is based on the volume of adsorbing material in the 
canister.
    (iii) The evaporative emission canister shall then be loaded by 
sending to the canister an amount of commercial grade butane vapors 
equivalent to 1.5 times its nominal working capacity. The canister shall 
be loaded with a mixture composed of 50 percent butane and 50 percent 
nitrogen by volume at a rate of 152 grams butane per hour. 
If the canister loading at that rate takes longer than 12 hours, a 
manufacturer may determine a new rate, based on completing the canister 
loading in no less than 12 hours. The new rate may be used for all 
subsequent canister loading according to paragraph (h) of this section. 
The time of initiation and completion of the canister loading shall be 
recorded.
    (iv) The determination of a canister's nominal working capacity 
shall be based on the average capacity of no less than five canisters 
that are in a stabilized condition.
    (A) For stabilization, each canister must be loaded no less than 10 
times and no more than 100 times to 2-gram breakthrough with a 50/50 
mixture by volume of butane and nitrogen, at a rate of 15 grams butane 
per hour. Each canister loading step must be preceded by canister 
purging with 300 canister bed volume exchanges at 0.8 cfm.
    (B) For determining working capacity, each canister must first be 
purged with 300 canister bed volume exchanges

[[Page 817]]

at 0.8 cfm. The working capacity of each canister shall be established 
by determining the mass of butane required to load the canister from the 
purged state so that it emits 2 grams of hydrocarbon vapor; the canister 
must be loaded with a 50/50 mixture by volume of butane and nitrogen, at 
a rate of 15 grams butane per hour.
    (2) For methanol-fueled and flexible-fueled vehicles, canister 
preconditioning shall be performed with a fuel vapor composition 
representative of that which the vehicle would generate with the fuel 
mixture used for the current test. Manufacturers shall develop a 
procedure to precondition the evaporative canister, if the vehicle is so 
equipped, for the different fuel. The procedure shall represent a 
canister loading equivalent to that specified in paragraph (h)(1) of 
this section and shall be approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, one of the following methods shall be used to 
precondition evaporative canisters during the soak period specified in 
paragraph (g) of this section. For vehicles with multiple canisters in a 
series configuration, the set of canisters must be preconditioned as a 
unit. For vehicles with multiple canisters in a parallel configuration, 
each canister must be preconditioned separately. In addition, for model 
year 1998 and later vehicles equipped with refueling canisters, these 
canisters shall be preconditioned for the supplemental two-diurnal test 
sequence according to the procedure in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 
Canister emissions are measured to determine breakthrough. Breakthrough 
is here defined as the point at which the cumulative quantity of 
hydrocarbons emitted is equal to 2 grams.
    (1) Butane loading to breakthrough. The following procedure provides 
for emission measurement in an enclosure. Breakthrough may also be 
determined by measuring the weight gain of an auxiliary evaporative 
canister connected downstream of the vehicle's canister, in which case, 
the following references to the enclosure can be ignored. The auxiliary 
canister shall be well purged prior to loading. If production 
evaporative canisters are equipped with a functional service port 
designed for vapor load or purge steps, the service port shall be used 
during testing to precondition the canister.
    (i) Prepare the evaporative/refueling emission canister for the 
canister loading operation. The canister shall not be removed from the 
vehicle, unless access to the canister in its normal location is so 
restricted that purging and loading can only reasonably be accomplished 
by removing the canister from the vehicle. Special care shall be taken 
during this step to avoid damage to the components and the integrity of 
the fuel system. A replacement canister may be temporarily installed 
during the soak period while the canister from the test vehicle is 
preconditioned.
    (ii) The evaporative emission enclosure shall be purged for several 
minutes. Warning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of 
methanol, or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides at 
least a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (iii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the canister loading procedure.
    (iv) If not already on, the evaporative enclosure mixing fan shall 
be turned on at this time.
    (v) Place the vehicle in a sealed enclosure and measure emissions 
with a FID.
    (vi)(A) For gasoline-fueled vehicles, load the canister with a 
mixture composed of 50 percent butane and 50 percent nitrogen by volume 
at a rate of 40 grams butane per hour.
    (B) For methanol-fueled and flexible-fueled vehicles, canister 
preconditioning shall be performed with a fuel vapor composition 
representative of that which the vehicle would generate with the fuel 
mixture used for the current test. Manufacturers shall develop a 
procedure to precondition the evaporative canister, if the vehicle is so 
equipped, for the different fuel.
    (vii) As soon as the canister reaches breakthrough, the vapor source 
shall be shut off.

[[Page 818]]

    (viii) Reconnect the evaporative emission canister and restore the 
vehicle to its normal operating condition.
    (2) Load with repeated diurnal heat builds to breakthrough. The 
following procedure provides for emission measurement in an enclosure. 
Breakthrough may also be determined by measuring the weight gain of an 
auxiliary evaporative canister connected downstream of the vehicle's 
canister, in which case, the following references to the enclosure can 
be ignored. The auxiliary canister shall be well purged with dry air 
prior to loading.
    (i) The evaporative emission enclosure shall be purged for several 
minutes. Warning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of 
methanol, or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides at 
least a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (ii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the diurnal heat builds.
    (iii) If not already on, the evaporative enclosure mixing fan shall 
be turned on at this time.
    (iv) The fuel tank(s) of the prepared vehicle shall be drained and 
filled with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.1213, to the ``tank fuel 
volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The average temperature of the 
dispensed fuel shall be 6012  deg.F (167 
deg.C). The fuel tank cap(s) shall be installed within 1 minute after 
refueling.
    (v) Within one hour of being refueled, the vehicle shall be placed, 
with the engine shut off, in the evaporative emission enclosure. The 
fuel tank temperature sensor shall be connected to the temperature 
recording system. A heat source, specified in Sec. 86.1207-90(d), shall 
be properly positioned with respect to the fuel tank(s) and connected to 
the temperature controller.
    (vi) The temperature recording system shall be started.
    (vii) The fuel may be artificially heated to the starting diurnal 
temperature.
    (viii) When the fuel temperature reaches at least 69  deg.F (21 
deg.C), immediately turn off purge blower (if not already off); close 
and seal enclosure doors; and initiate measurement of the hydrocarbon 
level in the enclosure.
    (ix) When the fuel temperature reaches 722  deg.F 
(221  deg.C), start the diurnal heat build.
    (x) The fuel shall be heated in such a way that its temperature 
change conforms to the following function to within 4  deg.F 
(3  deg.C):
    F= To+0.4t; or


for SI units,

    C=To+(2/9)t.

Where,
F=fuel temperature,  deg.F;
C=fuel temperature,  deg.C;
t=time since beginning of test, minutes; and
To=initial temperature in  deg.F (  deg.C for SI units).

    (xi) As soon as breakthrough occurs or when the fuel temperature 
reaches 96  deg.F (36  deg.C), whichever occurs first, the heat source 
shall be turned off, the enclosure doors shall be unsealed and opened, 
and the vehicle fuel tank cap(s) shall be removed. If breakthrough has 
not occurred by the time the fuel temperature reaches 96  deg.F (36 
deg.C), the heat source shall be removed from the vehicle, the vehicle 
shall be removed (with engine still off) from the evaporative emission 
enclosure and the entire procedure outlined in paragraph (j)(2) of this 
section shall be repeated until breakthrough occurs.
    (xii) After breakthrough occurs, the fuel tank(s) of the prepared 
vehicle shall be drained and filled with test fuel, as specified in 
Sec. 86.1213, to the ``tank fuel volume'' defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The 
fuel shall be stabilized to a temperature within 3  deg.F of the lab 
ambient before beginning the driving cycle for the dynamometer run.
    (k) The Administrator may conduct the vehicle preparation and 
preconditioning for measurement of fuel economy or exhaust emissions 
according to the procedures specified in Secs. 86.1232-90 and 86.1233-
90, in lieu of the procedures specified in this section.
    (l) Vehicles to be tested for exhaust emissions only shall be 
processed according to Secs. 86.1235 through 86.1237. Vehicles to be 
tested for evaporative emissions shall be processed in accordance with 
the procedures in Secs. 86.1233 through 86.1238, starting with 
Sec. 86.1235.
    (m) Vehicles to be tested for evaporative emissions with the 
supplemental

[[Page 819]]

two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, shall proceed 
according to Secs. 86.1235 through 86.1237, followed by the supplemental 
hot soak test (see Sec. 86.1238-96(k)) and the supplemental diurnal 
emission test (see Sec. 86.1233-96(p)).

[58 FR 16056, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48524, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43904, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1233-90  Diurnal breathing loss test.

    (a) Following vehicle preparation and vehicle preconditioning 
procedures described in Secs. 86.1231 and 86.1232, the diurnal test 
shall start not less than 10 or more than 35 hours after the end of the 
preconditioning procedure. The start of vehicle operation shall follow 
the end of the diurnal test within one hour.
    (b) The evaporative emissions enclosure shall be purged for several 
minutes immediately prior to the test.
    Note: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, or of 
methanol, or of hydrocarbons and methanol exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides a 
4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (c) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the test.
    (d) Impingers charged with known volumes of pure deionized water 
shall be placed in the methanol sampling system (methanol-fueled 
vehicles only).
    (e) If not already on, the evaporative enclosure mixing fan(s) shall 
be turned on at this time.
    (f) For vehicles with multiple tanks, the largest tank shall be 
designated as the primary tank and shall be heated in accordance with 
the procedures described in paragraph (m) of this section. All other 
tanks shall be designated as auxiliary tanks and shall undergo a similar 
heat build such that the fuel temperature shall be within 3  deg.F (1.6 
deg.C) of the primary tank.
    (g) Immediately prior to the diurnal breathing loss test, the fuel 
tank(s) of the prepared vehicle shall be drained and recharged with the 
specified test fuel as defined in Sec. 86.1213 to the prescribed ``tank 
fuel volume'', as defined in Sec. 86.078-2. The temperature of the fuel 
prior to its delivery to the fuel tank shall be between 45  deg.F and 60 
 deg.F (7.2  deg.C and 16  deg.C). The fuel tank cap(s) is not installed 
until the diurnal heat build begins.
    (h) The test vehicle, with the engine shut off, shall be moved into 
the evaporative emission enclosure, the test vehicle windows and any 
storage compartments shall be opened, the fuel tank temperature sensor 
shall be connected to the temperature recording system, and, if 
required, the heat source shall be properly positioned with respect to 
the fuel tank(s) and/or connected to the temperature controller.
    (i) The temperature recording system shall be started.
    (j) The fuel may be artificially heated to the starting diurnal 
temperature, 60  deg.F2  deg.F (16  deg.C1.1 
deg.C).
    (k) When the fuel temperature recording system reaches at least 58 
deg.F (14  deg.C), immediately:
    (1) Install fuel tank cap(s).
    (2) Turn off purge blowers, if not already off at this time.
    (3) Close and seal enclosure doors.
    (l) When the fuel temperature recording system reaches 60 
deg.F2  deg.F (16  deg.C1.1  deg.C) immediately:
    (1) Analyze enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This 
is the initial (time = 0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCi (see Sec. 86.1243).
    (2) Simultaneously with initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis, 
initiate collection of the methanol sample by drawing a sample from the 
enclosure through the sampling system for four minutes. This is the 
initial methanol measurement from which methanol concentration 
CCH3OHi and mass are calculated. Remove impingers and replace 
with freshly charged clean impingers which will be used to collect the 
final methanol sample.
    (3) Record barometric pressure reading. This is the initial (time = 
0 minutes) barometric pressure, Pbi (see Sec. 86.1243).
    (4) Record enclosure ambient temperature. This is the initial (time 
= 0 minutes) enclosure ambient temperature, Ti (see 
Sec. 86.1243).
    (5) Start diurnal heat build and record time. This commences the 
602 minute test period.

[[Page 820]]

    (m) The fuel shall be heated in such a way that its temperature 
change conforms to the following function to within 3  deg.F 
(1.6  deg.C):
    (1) F = To + 0.4t
    (2) For SI units, C = To + (2/9)t

Where:
F = fuel temperature,  deg.F.
C = fuel temperature,  deg.C.
t = heating time, minutes.
To = initial temperature in  deg.F (or in  deg.C for SI 
units).

    After 602 minutes of heating, the fuel temperature rise 
shall be 2401  deg.F (13.300.5  deg.C).
    (n) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the end of the diurnal test.
    (o)(1) The end of the diurnal breathing loss test occurs 
602 minutes after the heat build begins (paragraph (k)(4) of 
this section). Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbon and 
record. This is the final (time = 60 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCf (see Sec. 86.1234). The time (or elapsed time) of this 
analysis shall be recorded.
    (2) Simultaneously with the start of the hydrocarbon analysis, 
initiate collection of the methanol sample. Sample for four minutes. 
This is the final methanol sample.
    (3) Alternate method for methanol sampling. Since sample times of 
longer than four minutes may be necessary in order to collect an 
adequate and representative sample of methanol at the end of a test 
(when SHED concentrations are usually increasing rapidly), it may be 
necessary to rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and then 
bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow rate. 
The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flowing 
through the impingers should be minimized in order to prevent any 
losses. This alternative must be adopted if the four minute sample 
period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to 
allow accurate GC analysis.
    (4) Record barometric pressure reading. This is the final (time = 60 
minutes) barometric pressure, Pbf (see Sec. 86.1243).
    (5) Record enclosure ambient temperature. This is the final (time = 
60 minutes) enclosure ambient temperature, Tf (see 
Sec. 86.1243).
    (p) The heat source shall be turned off and the enclosure doors 
unsealed.
    (q) The heat source shall be moved away from the vehicle, if 
required, and/or disconnected from the temperature controller, the fuel 
tank temperature sensor shall be disconnected from the temperature 
recording system, and the test vehicle windows and any storage 
compartments may be closed. The vehicle shall be either driven or pushed 
out of the evaporative emission enclosure.

[54 FR 14568, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1233-96  Diurnal emission test.

    (a)(1) The diurnal emission test for gasoline-, methanol- and 
gaseous-fueled vehicles consists of three 24-hour test cycles following 
the hot soak test. Emissions are measured for each 24-hour cycle, with 
the highest emission level used to determine compliance with the 
standards specified in subpart A of this part. The Administrator may 
truncate a test after any 24-hour cycle without affecting the validity 
of the collected data. Sampling of emissions from the running loss and 
hot soak tests is not required as preparation for the diurnal emission 
test. The diurnal emission test may be conducted as part of either the 
three-diurnal test sequence or the supplemental two-diurnal test 
sequence, as described in Sec. 86.1230-96.
    (2) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, the diurnal emission 
test outlined in paragraphs (b) through (o) of this section follows the 
high-temperature hot soak test concluded in Sec. 86.1238-96(j).
    (3) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, the diurnal 
emission test outlined in paragraph (p) of this section follows the 
alternate hot soak test specified in Sec. 86.1238-96(k). This test is 
not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles.
    (b) The test vehicle shall be soaked for not less than 6 hours nor 
more than 36 hours between the end of the hot soak test and the start of 
the diurnal emission test. For at least the last 6 hours of this period, 
the vehicle shall be soaked at 723  deg.F. The temperature 
tolerance may be waived for up to 10

[[Page 821]]

minutes to allow purging of the enclosure or transporting the vehicle 
into the enclosure at the beginning of the diurnal emission test.
    (c) The test vehicle shall be exposed to ambient temperatures cycled 
according to the profile specified in Sec. 86.1233 and appendix II of 
this part.
    (1) Temperatures measured with the underbody temperature sensor 
shall follow the profile with a maximum deviation of 3  deg.F at any 
time and an average temperature deviation not to exceed 2  deg.F, where 
the average deviation is calculated using the absolute value of each 
measured deviation. In addition, the temperature from the sidewall 
temperature sensors shall follow the profile with a maximum deviation of 
5  deg.F at any time.
    (2) Ambient temperatures shall be measured at least every minute. 
Temperature cycling shall begin when time=0 minutes, as specified in 
paragraph (i)(5) of this section.
    (d) The diurnal enclosure shall be purged for several minutes prior 
to the test. Warning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, 
of methanol or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the 
enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides at 
least a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit.
    (e) The test vehicle, with the engine shut off and the test vehicle 
windows and luggage compartment(s) opened, shall be moved into the 
diurnal enclosure.
    (f)-(g) [Reserved]
    (h) Prior to sampling for emissions and throughout the period of 
cycled ambient temperatures, the mixing fan(s) shall circulate the air 
at a rate of 0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of ambient volume. 
The mixing fan(s), plus any additional fans if needed, shall also 
maintain a minimum wind speed of 5 mph (8 km/hr) under the fuel tank of 
the test vehicle. The Administrator may adjust fan speed and location to 
ensure sufficient air circulation around the fuel tank. The wind speed 
requirement may be satisfied by consistently using a fan configuration 
that has been demonstrated to maintain a broad 5-mph air flow in the 
vicinity of the vehicle's fuel tank, subject to verification by the 
Administrator.
    (i) Emission sampling may begin as follows:
    (1) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the sampling.
    (2) Impingers charged with known volumes of pure deionized water 
shall be placed in the methanol sampling system (methanol-fueled 
vehicles only).
    (3) Turn off purge blowers (if not already off).
    (4) Close and seal enclosure doors (if not already closed and 
sealed).
    (5) Within 10 minutes of closing and sealing the doors, analyze 
enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This is the initial 
(time=0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, CHCi, required in 
Sec. 86.1243. Hydrocarbon emissions may be sampled continuously during 
the test period.
    (6) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the initial methanol concentration, 
CCH3OHi, required in Sec. 86.1243. Record the time 
elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-minute sample period is 
inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to allow 
accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and 
then bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow 
rate. The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flow 
through the impingers should be minimized to prevent any losses. If the 
test is conducted in a fixed-volume enclosure that allows airflow into 
and out of the enclosure, the effect of makeup air dilution must be 
factored into the analysis.
    (j) If testing indicates that a vehicle design may result in fuel 
temperature responses during enclosure testing that are not 
representative of in-use summertime conditions, the Administrator may 
adjust air circulation and temperature during the test as needed to 
ensure that the test sufficiently duplicates the vehicle's in-use 
experience.
    (k) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned

[[Page 822]]

immediately prior to the end of each emission sampling period.
    (l) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol collection 
system immediately prior to the end of each emission measurement, if 
applicable.
    (m) The end of the first, second, and third emission sampling period 
shall occur 14406, 28806, 43206 
minutes, respectively, after the beginning of the initial sampling, as 
specified in paragraph (i)(5) of this section.
    (1) At the end of each emission sampling period, analyze the 
enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This is the final 
hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf, required in Sec. 86.1243. 
The emission measurement at the end of each period becomes the initial 
hydrocarbon concentration, CHCi, of the next emission 
sampling period.
    (2) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the final (time=1440 minutes) 
methanol concentration, CCH3OHf, required in 
Sec. 86.1243. Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-
minute sample period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient 
concentration to allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the 
methanol sample in a bag and then bubble the bag sample through the 
impingers at the specified flow rate. The time elapsed between 
collection of the bag sample and flow through the impingers should be 
minimized to prevent any losses. If the test is conducted in a fixed-
volume enclosure that allows airflow into and out of the enclosure, the 
effect of makeup air dilution must be factored into the analysis.
    (n) At the end of the temperature cycling period the enclosure doors 
shall be unsealed and opened, the test vehicle windows and luggage 
compartments may be closed and the test vehicle, with the engine shut 
off, shall be removed from the enclosure.
    (o) This completes the full three-diurnal evaporative emission test 
sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96.
    (p) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in 
Sec. 86.1230-96, the following steps shall be performed in lieu of the 
steps described in paragraphs (b) through (n) of this section.
    (1) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, the test vehicle 
shall be soaked for not less than 6 hours nor more than 36 hours between 
the end of the hot soak test described in Sec. 86.1238-96(k), and the 
start of the two-diurnal emission test. For at least the last 6 hours of 
this period, the vehicle shall be soaked at 723  deg.F.
    (2) The vehicle shall be tested for diurnal emissions according to 
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) through (n) of this section, 
except that the test includes only two 24-hour periods. Therefore the 
end of the first and second emission sampling periods shall occur 
14406 and 28806 minutes, respectively, after the 
initial sampling.
    (3) This completes the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence for 
evaporative emission measurement.

[58 FR 16057, Mar. 24, 1993; 59 FR 48524, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 
60 FR 43905, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1234-96  Running loss test.

    (a) Overview. Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles are to be 
tested for running loss emissions during simulated high-temperature 
urban driving; this test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles. 
During operation, tank temperatures are controlled according to a 
prescribed profile to simulate in-use conditions. If the vehicle is 
determined to have exceeded the standard before the end of the running 
loss test, the test may be terminated without invalidating the data. The 
test can be run either in a sealed enclosure or with the point-source 
method, as specified in paragraph (g) of this section. Measurement of 
vapor temperature is optional during the running loss test; however, if 
testing by the Administrator shows that a vehicle has exceeded an 
emission standard without measurement of vapor temperatures, the 
manufacturer may, utilizing its own resources, conduct subsequent 
testing on that vehicle to determine if the exceedance is attributable 
to inadequate control of vapor temperatures.
    (b) Driving schedule. Conduct the running loss test by operating the 
test vehicle through three Heavy-Duty Vehicle Urban Dynamometer Driving

[[Page 823]]

Schedules (see Sec. 86.1215 and appendix I of this part). Fifteen 
seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission in gear. Twenty 
seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial vehicle acceleration 
of the driving schedule. The transmission shall be operated according to 
the specifications of Sec. 86.1228 during the driving cycles.
    (c) Dynamometer operation. (1) The exhaust from the vehicle must be 
routed outside the test cell or enclosure. Exhaust gases may, but need 
not, be collected and sampled.
    (2) Provisions of Sec. 86.1235-85(c) shall apply.
    (3) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may not be 
performed at test point.
    (4) Provisions of Sec. 86.1235-85 (e) and (f) shall apply.
    (5) If the dynamometer horsepower must be adjusted manually, it 
shall be set within 1 hour prior to the running loss test phase. The 
test vehicle shall not be used to make this adjustment. Dynamometers 
using automatic control of preselectable power settings may be set any 
time prior to the beginning of the emissions test.
    (6) Dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions shall be used to determine 
the actual driving distance for the running loss test, DRL, 
required in Sec. 86.1243. The revolutions shall be measured on the same 
roll or shaft used for measuring the vehicle's speed.
    (7) Provisions of Sec. 86.1235-85(i) shall apply.
    (8) The test run may be stopped if a warning light or gauge 
indicates that the vehicle's engine coolant has overheated.
    (d) Engine starting and restarting. (1) Provisions of Sec. 86.1236-
85(a) shall apply.
    (2) If the vehicle does not start after the manufacturer's 
recommended cranking time (or 10 continuous seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation), cranking shall cease for the period 
recommended by the manufacturer (or 10 seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation). This may be repeated for up to three 
start attempts. If the vehicle does not start after three attempts, the 
reason for failure to start shall be determined. If failure to start is 
an operational error, the vehicle shall be rescheduled for testing, 
starting with the soak period immediately preceding the running loss 
test.
    (3) If failure to start is caused by a vehicle malfunction, 
corrective action of less than 30 minutes duration may be taken 
(according to Sec. 86.090-25), and the test continued, provided that the 
ambient conditions to which the vehicle is exposed are maintained at 
955  deg.F (353  deg.C). When the engine starts, 
the timing sequence of the driving schedule shall begin. If failure to 
start is caused by vehicle malfunction and the vehicle cannot be 
started, the test shall be voided, the vehicle removed from the 
dynamometer, and corrective action may be taken according to 
Sec. 86.090-25. The reason for the malfunction (if determined) and the 
corrective action taken shall be reported to the Administrator.
    (4) Provisions of Sec. 86.1236-85(b) shall apply.
    (e) Pressure checks. No pressure checks of the evaporative system 
shall be allowed. Under no circumstances will any changes/repairs to the 
evaporative emissions control system be allowed.
    (f) Temperature stabilization. Immediately after the hot transient 
exhaust emission test, the vehicle shall be soaked in a temperature 
controlled area for a maximum of 6 hours until the fuel temperature is 
stabilized. The fuel may be heated or cooled to stabilize fuel 
temperatures, but the fuel heating rate must not exceed 5  deg.F in any 
1-hour interval during the soak period. A manufacturer may use a faster 
heating rate or a longer period for stabilizing fuel temperatures if the 
needed heating cannot be easily accomplished in the 6-hour period, 
subject to Administrator approval.
    (1) Fuel temperatures must be held at 953  deg.F for at 
least one hour before the start of the running loss test.
    (2) If a vehicle's fuel temperature profile has an initial 
temperature lower than 95  deg.F, as described in Sec. 86.1229-
85(d)(7)(v), the fuel in the test vehicle must be stabilized to within 3 
 deg.F of that temperature for at least one hour before the start of the 
running loss test.
    (g) Running loss test. The running loss test may be conducted either 
by the

[[Page 824]]

enclosure method, or by the point-source method.
    (1) Enclosure method. (i) The running loss enclosure shall be purged 
for several minutes immediately prior to the test. Warning: If at any 
time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and 
hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the enclosure should be immediately 
purged. This concentration provides at least a 4:1 safety factor against 
the lean flammability limit.
    (ii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the test.
    (iii) If not already on, the running loss enclosure mixing fan(s) 
shall be turned on at this time. Throughout the test, the mixing fan(s) 
shall circulate the air at a rate of at least 1.0 cfm per cubic foot of 
ambient volume.
    (iv) The test vehicle, with the engine off, shall be moved onto the 
dynamometer in the running loss enclosure. The vehicle engine 
compartment cover shall be unlatched, but closed as much as possible, 
allowing for the air intake equipment specified in paragraph (g)(1)(vii) 
of this section. The vehicle engine compartment cover may be closed if 
alternate routing is found for the air intake equipment. Any windows, 
doors, and luggage compartments shall be closed. A window may be opened 
to direct cooling air into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, if 
the vehicle is not equipped with its own air conditioning.
    (v) Fans shall be positioned as described in Secs. 86.1207-96 (d) 
and (h).
    (vi) The vehicle air conditioning system (if so equipped) shall be 
set to the ``normal'' air conditioning mode and adjusted to the minimum 
discharge air temperature and high fan speed. Vehicles equipped with 
automatic temperature controlled air conditioning systems shall be set 
to operate in ``automatic'' temperature and fan modes with the system 
set at 72  deg.F.
    (vii) Connect the air intake equipment to the vehicle, if 
applicable. This connection shall be made to minimize leakage.
    (viii) The temperature and pressure recording systems shall be 
started. Measurement of vapor temperature is optional during the running 
loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need 
not be measured.
    (ix) Turn off purge blowers (if not already off).
    (x) The temperature of the liquid fuel shall be monitored and 
recorded at least every 15 seconds with the temperature recording system 
specified in Sec. 86.1207-96(e).
    (xi) Close and seal the enclosure doors.
    (xii) When the ambient temperature is 955  deg.F 
(353  deg.C) and the fuel has been stabilized according to 
paragraph (f) of this section, the running loss test may begin. Measure 
the initial ambient temperature and pressure.
    (A) Analyze enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This 
is the initial (time=0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCi, required in Sec. 86.1243. Hydrocarbon emissions may be 
sampled continuously during the test period.
    (B) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the initial (time=0 minutes) 
methanol concentration, CCH3OHi, required in 
Sec. 86.1243. Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-
minute sample period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient 
concentration to allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the 
methanol sample in a bag and then bubble the bag sample through the 
impingers at the specified flow rate. The time elapsed between 
collection of the bag sample and flow through the impingers should be 
minimized to prevent any losses.
    (xiii) Start the engine and begin operation of the vehicle over the 
drive cycle specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (xiv) The ambient temperature shall be maintained at 955 
 deg.F (952  deg.F on average) during the running loss test, 
measured at the inlet to the cooling fan in front of the vehicle; it 
shall be recorded at least every 60 seconds.
    (xv) The fuel temperature during the dynamometer drive shall be 
controlled to match the fuel tank temperature

[[Page 825]]

profile determined in Sec. 86.1229. Measured fuel temperatures must be 
within 3  deg.F of the target profile throughout the test 
run. Vapor temperatures, if measured, must be within 5 
deg.F of the target profile during the first 4186 seconds of the running 
loss test, and within 3  deg.F for the remaining 120 seconds 
of the test run. For any vehicle complying with the test standards, 
vapor temperatures may be higher than the specified tolerances without 
invalidating test results. For testing by the Administrator, vapor 
temperatures may be lower than the specified tolerances without 
invalidating test results. If the test vehicle has more than one fuel 
tank, the temperatures for both fuel tanks shall follow the target 
profiles determined in Sec. 86.1229. The control system shall be tuned 
and operated to provide smooth and continuous tank temperature profiles 
that are representative of the on-road profiles.
    (xvi) Tank pressure shall not exceed 10 inches of water at any time 
during the running loss test unless a pressurized system is used and the 
manufacturer demonstrates that vapor would not be vented to the 
atmosphere upon fuel cap removal. A vehicle may exceed the pressure 
limit for temporary periods during the running loss test, up to 10 
percent of the total driving time, provided that the vehicle has 
demonstrated conformance with the pressure limit during the entire 
outdoor driving period specified in Sec. 86.1229. Measurement of fuel 
tank pressures will be considered valid only if vapor temperatures are 
measured and controlled to the tolerances specified in paragraph 
(g)(1)(xv) of this section.
    (xvii) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior the end of the test.
    (xviii) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol 
collection system immediately prior to the end of the test, if 
applicable.
    (xix) The running loss test ends with the completion of the third 2-
minute idle period.
    (xx) At the end of the running loss test:
    (A) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. 
This is the final hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf, required 
in Sec. 86.1243.
    (B) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start prior to the end of the 
test and continue for 4.00.5 minutes. The methanol sampling 
must be completed within 2 minutes after the end of the running loss 
test. This is the final methanol concentration, 
CCH3OHf, required in Sec. 86.1243. Record the time 
elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-minute sample period is 
inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to allow 
accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and 
then bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow 
rate. The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flow 
through the impingers should be minimized to prevent any losses.
    (C) Turn off all the fans specified in Sec. 86.1207-96(d). Also, the 
time that the vehicle's engine compartment cover is open for removal of 
air intake equipment, if applicable, shall be minimized to avoid loss of 
heat from the engine compartment.
    (xxi) Turn off any CVS apparatus (if not already turned off).
    (2) Point-source method. (i) The test vehicle, with the engine off, 
shall be moved onto the dynamometer. The vehicle engine compartment 
cover and any windows, doors, and luggage compartments shall be closed.
    (ii) Fans shall be positioned as described in Secs. 86.1235-85(b) 
and 86.1207-96(d).
    (iii) The running loss vapor vent collection system shall be 
properly positioned at the potential fuel vapor vents or leaks of the 
vehicle's fuel system. Typical vapor vents for current fuel systems are 
the ports of the evaporative emission canister and the pressure relief 
vent of the fuel tank (typically integrated into the fuel tank cap).
    (iv) The running loss vapor vent collection system may be connected 
to a PDP-CVS or CFV-CVS bag collection system. Otherwise, running loss 
vapors shall be sampled continuously with analyzers meeting the 
requirements of Sec. 86.1207-96(b).
    (v) Fans shall be positioned as described in Sec. 86.1207-96(d).

[[Page 826]]

    (vi) The vehicle air conditioning system (if so equipped) shall be 
set to the ``normal'' air conditioning mode and adjusted to the minimum 
discharge air temperature and high fan speed. Vehicles equipped with 
automatic temperature controlled air conditioning systems shall be set 
to operate in ``automatic'' temperature and fan modes with the system 
set at 72  deg.F.
    (vii) The temperature and pressure recording systems shall be 
started. Measurement of vapor temperature is optional during the running 
loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need 
not be measured.
    (viii) The temperature of the liquid fuel shall be monitored and 
recorded at least every 15 seconds with the temperature recording system 
specified in Sec. 86.1207-96(e).
    (ix) When the ambient temperature is 955  deg.F 
(353  deg.C) and the fuel tank temperature is 
953  deg.F the running loss test may begin.
    (x) The ambient temperature shall be maintained at 955 
deg.F (952  deg.F on average) during the running loss test, 
measured at the inlet to the cooling fan in front of the vehicle; it 
shall be recorded at least every 60 seconds.
    (xi) Fuel temperatures shall be controlled according to the 
specifications of paragraph (g)(1)(xv) of this section.
    (xii) The tank pressure requirements described in paragraph 
(g)(1)(xvi) of this section apply also to running loss testing by the 
point source method.
    (xiii) The running loss test ends with completion of the third 2-
minute idle period.
    (xiv) If emissions are collected in bags, the sample bags must be 
analyzed within 20 minutes of their respective sample collection phases, 
as described in Sec. 86.137-94(b)(15). The results of the analysis are 
used in Sec. 86.1243 to calculate the mass of hydrocarbons emitted.
    (xv) At the end of the running loss test, turn off all the fans 
specified in Sec. 86.1207-96(d).
    (h) Following the completion of the running loss drive, the vehicle 
may be tested for hot soak emissions as specified in Sec. 86.1238-96.

[58 FR 16059, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48524, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43905, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1235-85  Dynamometer procedure.

    (a) The dynamometer run consists of one HDV urban dynamometer 
driving schedule cycle starting within one hour after completion of the 
diurnal loss test. This run includes engine startup (with all 
accessories turned off) and operation over the driving schedule.
    (b) During dynamometer operation, one or more cooling fans shall be 
positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate 
manner. The engine compartment cover shall be closed. If, however, the 
manufacturer can show that the engine compartment cover must be open to 
provide a test representative of field operation, the Administrator will 
allow the engine cover to be open. In the case of vehicles with front 
engine compartments, the fan(s) shall be squarely positioned within 12 
inches of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear engine 
compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the 
cooling fan(s) shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air 
to maintain vehicle cooling. The fan capacity shall normally not exceed 
10,600 (cfm (5.0 m3/ s)). If, however, the manufacturer can 
show that during field operation the vehicle receives additional 
cooling, and that such additional cooling is needed to provide a 
representative test, the fan capacity may be increased or additional 
fans used.
    (c) The vehicle speed as measured from the dynamometer rolls shall 
be used.
    (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be 
performed at test points, provided emissions are not measured, for the 
purpose of finding the minimum throttle action to maintain the proper 
speed-time relationship, or to permit test procedure adjustments.
    Note: When using two-roll dynamometers a truer speed-time trace may 
be obtained by minimizing the rocking of the vehicle in the rolls. The 
rocking of the vehicle changes the tire rolling radius on each roll. 
This rocking

[[Page 827]]

may be minimized by restraining the vehicle horizontally (or nearly so) 
by using a cable and winch, or chain.
    (e) Drive wheel tires shall be inflated to the maximum gauge 
pressure recommended to the ultimate purchaser. If drive wheel tires 
have a maximum recommended inflation gauge pressure of less than 45 psi 
(310 kPa), they may be inflated up to a gauge pressure of 45 psi (310 
kPa) in order to prevent tire damage. The drive wheel tire pressure 
shall be recorded with the test results.
    (f) If the dynamometer has not been operated during the 2-hour 
period immediately preceding the test it shall be warmed up for 15 
minutes by operating at 30 mph (48 km/h) using a non-test vehicle or as 
recommended by the dynamometer manufacturer.
    (g) If the dynamometer horsepower must be adjusted manually, the 
power shall be set within 1 hour prior to dynamometer operation 
preceding the hot soak test. The test vehicle shall not be used to make 
the adjustment.
    (h) If the dynamometer horsepower is selected by automatic control, 
the power may be set anytime prior to the beginning of the driving 
cycle.
    (i) Multiple drive axle vehicles will be tested in one axle drive 
mode of operation. Full time multiple drive axle vehicles will have all 
but one axle temporarily disengaged by the vehicle manufacturer. 
Multiple drive axle vehicles which can be manually shifted to a one axle 
drive mode will be tested in the one axle drive mode of operation, 
unless this would pose a safety hazard, in which case all but one axle 
will be temporarily disengaged by the vehicle manufacturer.



Sec. 86.1235-96  Dynamometer procedure.

    Section 86.1235-96 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1235-85. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1235-85 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1235-96, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1235-85.''
    (a) The dynamometer run consists of one HDV urban dynamometer 
driving schedule cycle starting not less than 12 nor more than 36 hours 
after completion of the drive specified in Sec. 86.1232-96. This run 
includes engine startup (with all accessories turned off) and operation 
over the driving schedule.
    (b) through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1235-85.

[58 FR 16060, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.1236-85  Engine starting and restarting.

    (a) Starting. (1) The engine shall be started (including choke 
operation) according to the manufacturers recommended starting 
procedures in the owner's manual. The initial idle period shall begin 
when the engine starts.
    (2) The operator may use the choke, accelerator pedal, etc., where 
necessary to keep the engine running.
    (3) If the manufacturer's operating instructions in the owner's 
manual do not specify a warm engine starting procedure, the engine shall 
be started by depressing the accelerator pedal about half way and 
cranking the engine until it starts.
    (4) If the vehicle does not start after the manufacturer's 
recommended cranking time (or 10 continuous seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation), cranking shall cease for the period 
recommended by the manufacturer (or 10 seconds in the absence of a 
manufacturer's recommendation). This may be repeated for up to three 
start attempts. If the vehicle does not start after three attempts, the 
reason for failure to start shall be determined. If failure to start is 
an operational error, the vehicle shall be rescheduled for the 
dynamometer run. If failure to start is caused by a vehicle malfunction, 
corrective action of less than 30 minutes duration may be taken, and the 
test continued. When the engine starts, the driving schedule timing 
sequence shall begin. If failure to start is caused by vehicle 
malfunction and the vehicle cannot be started, the test shall be voided, 
the vehicle removed from the dynamometer, and corrective action may be 
taken. The reasons for the malfunction (if determined) and the 
corrective action taken shall be recorded.
    (b) Stalling. (1) If the engine stalls during an idle period, the 
engine shall be restarted immediately and the driving schedule 
continued. If the engine cannot be started soon enough to allow

[[Page 828]]

the vehicle to follow the next acceleration as prescribed, the driving 
schedule indicator shall be stopped. When the vehicle restarts, the 
driving schedule indicator shall be reactivated.
    (2) If the engine stalls during some operating mode other than idle, 
the driving schedule indicator shall be stopped, the vehicle shall then 
be restarted and accelerated to the speed required at that point in the 
driving schedule and the driving schedule continued. During acceleration 
to this point, shifting shall be performed in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1228-85.
    (3) If the vehicle will not restart within one minute, the test 
shall be voided, the vehicle removed from the dynamometer, corrective 
action taken, and the vehicle rescheduled for testing. The reason for 
the malfunction (if determined) and the corrective action taken shall be 
recorded.

[48 FR 1456, Jan. 12, 1983, as amended at 58 FR 16060, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.1237-85  Dynamometer runs.

    (a) The vehicle shall be either driven or pushed onto the 
dynamometer; however, if driven, the period of engine operation between 
the end of the diurnal loss test and beginning of the hot soak 
preparation run shall not exceed 3 minutes, and the vehicle shall be 
driven at minimum throttle. The dynamometer run shall follow the diurnal 
heat build by not more than one hour. The vehicle shall be stored prior 
to dynamometer operation in such a manner that it is not exposed to 
precipitation (e.g., rain or dew).
    (b) The following steps shall be taken for the dynamometer run:
    (1) Place drive wheels of vehicle on the dynamometer.
    (2) Position the cooling fan(s).
    (3) Attach an exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s).
    (4) Start the engine.
    (5) Turn on the cooling fan(s).
    (6) Operate the vehicle according to the dynamometer driving 
schedule (Sec. 86.1215-85).
    (7) At the end of the last deceleration, disconnect the exhaust tube 
from the vehicle tailpipe(s) and drive vehicle from the dynamometer.



Sec. 86.1237-96  Dynamometer runs.

    Section 86.1237-96 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1237-85. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1237-85 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1237-96, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1237-85.''
    (a) The vehicle shall be either driven or pushed onto the 
dynamometer; however, if driven, the total time of engine operation 
during the 12 to 36 hour soak period shall not exceed 3 minutes, and the 
vehicle shall be driven at minimum throttle. The vehicle shall be stored 
prior to dynamometer operation in such a manner that it is not exposed 
to precipitation (e.g., rain or dew).
    (b) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1235-85.

[58 FR 16061, Mar. 24, 1993]



Sec. 86.1238-90  Hot soak test.

    The one-hour hot-soak evaporative emission test shall be conducted 
immediately following one cycle of the dynamometer driving schedule.
    (a) Prior to the completion of the dynamometer cycle, the 
evaporative emission enclosure shall be purged for several minutes.
    (b) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the test.
    (c) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol sample 
collection system immediately prior to the start of the test, if 
applicable.
    (d) If not already on, the evaporative enclosure mixing fan(s) shall 
be turned on at this time.
    (e) Upon completion of the dynamometer run the exhaust tube shall be 
disconnected from the vehicle tailpipe(s), the cooling fan(s) shall be 
moved, and the vehicle shall be disconnected from the dynamometer and 
driven at minimum throttle to the vehicle entrance of the enclosure.
    (f) The vehicle's engine must be stopped before any part of the 
vehicle enters the enclosure. The vehicle may be pushed or coasted into 
the enclosure.
    (g) The test vehicle windows and any storage compartments shall be 
opened, if not already open.

[[Page 829]]

    (h) The temperature recording system shall be started and the time 
of engine shut off shall be noted on the evaporative emissions 
hydrocarbon data recording system.
    (i) The enclosure doors shall be closed and sealed within two 
minutes of engine shutdown and within seven minutes after the end of the 
exhaust emission test. The steps after the end of the driving cycle 
should be done as quickly as possible to minimize the time needed to 
start the hot soak test.
    (j) The 600.5 minute hot soak begins when the enclosure 
doors are sealed. The enclosure atmosphere shall be analyzed and 
recorded. This is the initial (time = 0 minutes) hydrocarbon 
concentration, CHCi, for use in calculating evaporative 
losses (see Sec. 86.1243). The ``zero'' time methanol sample shall be 
collected starting at the same time as the hydrocarbon analysis is 
started. Sampling shall continue for four minutes.
    (k) The test vehicle shall be permitted to soak for a period of one 
hour in the enclosure.
    (l) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the end of the test.
    (m) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol collection 
system immediately prior to the end of the test, if applicable.
    (n) At the end of the 600.5 minute test period, the 
enclosure atmosphere shall again be analyzed (as described in 
Sec. 86.1238-90(j) and the time recorded. This is the final (time = 60 
minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf and the final 
methanol level for use in calculating evaporative losses (see 
Sec. 86.1243). This operation completes the evaporative emission 
measurement procedure.
    (o) Alternate method for methanol sampling. Since sample times of 
longer than four minutes may be necessary in order to collect an 
adequate and representative sample of methanol at the end of a test 
(when SHED concentrations are usually increasing rapidly), it may be 
necessary to rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag and then 
bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified flow rate. 
The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and flowing 
through the impingers should be minimized in order to prevent any 
losses. This alternative must be adopted if the four minute sample 
period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to 
allow accurate GC analysis.

[54 FR 14569, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 16061, Mar. 24, 1993; 
60 FR 43906, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1238-96  Hot soak test.

    (a)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. For gasoline- and 
methanol-fueled vehicles, the hot soak test shall be conducted 
immediately following the running loss test. However, sampling of 
emissions from the running loss test is not required as preparation for 
the hot soak test.
    (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. Since gaseous-fueled vehicles are not 
required to perform a running loss test, the hot soak test shall be 
conducted within seven minutes after completion of the hot start exhaust 
test.
    (b) The hot soak test may be conducted in the running loss enclosure 
as a continuation of that test or in a separate enclosure.
    (1) If the hot soak test is conducted in the running loss enclosure, 
the driver may exit the enclosure after the running loss test. If 
exiting, the driver should use the personnel door described in 
Sec. 86.1207-96(a)(2), exiting as quickly as possible with a minimum 
disturbance to the system. The final hydrocarbon and methanol 
concentration for the running loss test, measured in Sec. 86.1234-
96(g)(1)(xx), shall be the initial hydrocarbon and methanol 
concentration (time=0 minutes) CHCi and 
CCH3OHi, for the hot soak test.
    (2) If the vehicle must be moved to a different enclosure, the 
following steps must be taken:
    (i) The enclosure for the hot soak test shall be purged for several 
minutes prior to completion of the running loss test. Warning: If at any 
time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and 
hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C the enclosure should be immediately 
purged. This concentration provides at least a 4:1 safety factor against 
the lean flammability limit.

[[Page 830]]

    (ii) The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and spanned 
immediately prior to the test.
    (iii) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol sample 
collection system immediately prior to the start of the test, if 
applicable.
    (iv) If not already on, the mixing fan(s) shall be turned on at this 
time. Throughout the hot soak test, the mixing fan(s) shall circulate 
the air at a rate of 0.80.2 cfm per cubic foot of the 
nominal enclosure volume.
    (v) Begin sampling as follows:
    (A) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. 
This is the initial (time = 0 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCi, required in Sec. 86.1243. Hydrocarbon emissions may be 
sampled continuously during the test period.
    (B) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol, if applicable, 
and record. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the initial (time=0 minutes) 
methanol concentration, CCH3OHi, required in 
Sec. 86.1243. Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-
minute sample period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient 
concentration to allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the 
methanol sample in a bag and then bubble the bag sample through the 
impingers at the specified flow rate. The time elapsed between 
collection of the bag sample and flow through the impingers should be 
minimized to prevent any losses.
    (vi) The vehicle engine compartment cover shall be closed (if not 
already closed), the cooling fan shall be moved, the vehicle shall be 
disconnected from the dynamometer and any sampling system, and then 
driven at minimum throttle to the enclosure for the hot soak test. These 
steps should be done as quickly as possible to minimize the time needed 
to start the hot soak test.
    (vii) The vehicle's engine must be stopped before any part of the 
vehicle enters the enclosure.
    (viii) The vehicle shall enter the enclosure; the enclosure doors 
shall be closed and sealed within 2 minutes of engine shutdown and 
within seven minutes after the end of the running loss test.
    (ix) The test vehicle windows and any luggage compartments shall be 
opened (if not already open). The vehicle engine compartment cover shall 
be closed (if not already closed).
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) The temperature recording system shall be started and the time 
of engine shutoff shall be noted on the evaporative emission hydrocarbon 
data recording system.
    (e) For the first 5 minutes of the hot soak test, the ambient 
temperature shall be maintained at 9510  deg.F. For the 
remainder of the hot soak test, the ambient temperature shall be 
maintained at 955  deg.F (952  deg.F on 
average).
    (f) The 600.5 minute hot soak begins when the enclosure 
doors are sealed (or when the running loss test ends, if the hot soak 
test is conducted in the running loss enclosure).
    (g) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned immediately prior to the end of the test.
    (h) Fresh impingers shall be installed in the methanol collection 
system immediately prior to the end of the test, if applicable.
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) At the end of the 600.5 minute test period:
    (1) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. 
This is the final (time=60 minutes) hydrocarbon concentration, 
CHCf, required in Sec. 86.1243.
    (2) Analyze the enclosure atmosphere for methanol and record, if 
applicable. The methanol sampling must start simultaneously with the 
initiation of the hydrocarbon analysis and continue for 
4.00.5 minutes. This is the final (time=60 minutes) methanol 
concentration, CCH3OHf, required in Sec. 86.1243. 
Record the time elapsed during this analysis. If the 4-minute sample 
period is inadequate to collect a sample of sufficient concentration to 
allow accurate GC analysis, rapidly collect the methanol sample in a bag 
and then bubble the bag sample through the impingers at the specified 
flow rate. The time elapsed between collection of the bag sample and 
flow through the

[[Page 831]]

impingers should be minimized to prevent any losses.
    (k) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence (see 
Sec. 86.1230-96), the hot soak test described in Sec. 86.1238-90 shall 
be conducted immediately following the dynamometer run. This test 
requires ambient temperatures between 68 deg. and 86  deg.F at all 
times. The equipment and calibration specifications of Secs. 86.1207-90 
and 86.1207-90 may apply for this testing. Enclosures meeting the 
requirements of Secs. 86.1207-96 and 86.1217-96 may also be used. This 
hot soak test is followed by two consecutive diurnal heat builds, 
described in Sec. 86.1233-96(p).
    (l) If the vehicle is to be tested for diurnal emissions, follow the 
procedure outlined in Sec. 86.1233-96.

[58 FR 16061, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48524, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 43906, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1242-90  Records required.

    The following information shall be recorded with respect to each 
test:
    (a) Test number.
    (b) System or device tested (brief description).
    (c) Date and time of day for each part of the test schedule.
    (d) Instrument operator.
    (e) Driver or operator.
    (f) Vehicle: ID number; Manufacturer; Model Year; Engine family; 
Evaporative emissions family; Basic engine description (including 
displacement, number of cylinders, and catalyst usage); Engine maximum 
power rating and rated speed; Fuel system (including number of 
carburetors, number of carburetor barrels, fuel injection type, fuel 
tank(s) capacity and location, and number and size (volume and working 
capacity)) of evaporative control canisters, Engine code; Gross vehicle 
weight rating; Actual curb weight at zero miles; Actual road load at 50 
mph; Transmission configuration; Axle ratio; Vehicle line; Odometer 
reading; Idle rpm; and Drive wheel tire pressure, as applicable.
    (g) Indicated road load power absorption at 50 mph (80 km/hr) and 
dynamometer serial number. As an alternative to recording the 
dynamometer serial number, a reference to a vehicle test cell number may 
be used, provided the test cell records show the pertinent information.
    (h) All pertinent instrument information such as tuning, gain, 
serial number, detector number and range. As an alternative, a reference 
to a vehicle test cell number may be used, with the advance approval of 
the Administrator, provided test cell calibration records show the 
pertinent instrument information.
    (i) Recorder charts: Identify zero, span and enclosure gas sample 
traces.
    (j) Test cell barometric pressure and ambient temperature.
    Note: A central laboratory barometer may be used: Provided, That 
individual test cell barometric pressures are shown to be within 
0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at the central 
barometer location.
    (k) Fuel temperatures as prescribed.
    (l) For methanol-fueled vehicles: (1) Volume of sample passed 
through the methanol sampling system and the volume of deionized water 
in each impinger.
    (2) The concentration of the GC analyses of the test samples 
(methanol).
    (m) For natural gas-fueled vehicles. Composition, including all 
carbon containing compounds; e.g. CO2, of the natural gas-
fuel used during the test. C1 and C2 compounds 
shall be individually reported. C3 and heavier hydrocarbons, 
and C6 and heavier hydrocarbons may be reported as a group.
    (n) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Composition of the 
liquefied petroleum gas-fuel used during the test. Each hydrocarbon 
compound present, through C4 compounds, shall be individually 
reported. C5 and heavier hydrocarbons may be reported as a 
group.

[54 FR 14570, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48524, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34363, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1243-90  Calculations; evaporative emissions.

    (a) The calculation of the net hydrocarbon, methanol and hydrocarbon 
plus methanol mass change in the enclosure is used to determine the 
diurnal and hot soak mass emissions. The mass changes are calculated 
from initial and final hydrocarbon and methanol concentrations in ppm 
carbon, initial and final enclosure ambient temperatures, initial and 
final barometric pressures,

[[Page 832]]

and net enclosure volume using the following equations:
    (1) For methanol:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.125
    

Where:
    (i) MCH3OH=Methanol mass change,  g.
    (ii) Vn=Net enclosure volume, ft3, as 
determined by subtracting 50 ft3 (1.42 m3) (volume 
of vehicle with trunk and windows open) from the enclosure volume. A 
manufacturer may use the measured volume of the vehicle (instead of the 
nominal 50 ft3) with advance approval by the Administrator: 
Provided, the measured volume is determined and used for all vehicles 
tested by that manufacturer.
    (iii) TE=Temperature of sample withdrawn,  deg.R.
    (iv) VE=Volume of sample withdrawn, ft3.
    (v) TSHED=Temperature of SHED,  deg.R
    (vi) PB=Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. Hg.
    (vii) CMS=GC concentration of sample.
    (viii) AV=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger.
    (ix) i=Initial sample.
    (x) f=Final sample.
    (xi) 1=First impinger.
    (xii) 2=Second impinger.
    (2) For hydrocarbons:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.126
    
    Where:
    (i) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (ii) CHC=FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm carbon 
including FID response to methanol in the sample.
    (iii) CCH23OH=Methanol concentration as ppm carbon.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.127
    
    (iv) Vn = Net enclosure volume ft\3\ (m\3\), as 
determined by subtracting 50 ft\3\ (1.42 m\3\) (volume of vehicle with 
trunk and windows open) from the enclosure volume. A manufacturer may 
use the measured volume of the vehicle (instead of the nominal 50 ft\3\) 
with advance approval by the Administrator: Provided, the measured 
volume is determined and used for all vehicles tested by that 
manufacturer.
    (v) r = FID response factor to methanol.
    (vi) PB = Barometric pressure, in Hg (kPa).

[[Page 833]]

    (vii) T = Enclosure temperature,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (viii) i = initial reading.
    (ix) f = final reading.
    (x) 1 = First impinger.
    (xi) 2 = Second impinger.
    (xii)(A) k = 0.208 (12 = H/C).
    (B) For SI units, k = 1.2 (12 = H/C).

Where:
    (xiii) H/C = hydrogen carbon ratio.
    (A) H/C = 2.33 for diurnal emissions.
    (B) H/C = 2.2 for hot soak emissions.
    (3) For total evaporative emissions:
    Total Evaporative Emissions =
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.128
    
    (b) The final reported results shall be computed by summing the 
individual evaporative emission results determined for the diurnal 
breathing-loss test, running-loss test and the hot-soak test.

[54 FR 14570, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34363, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1243-96  Calculations; evaporative emissions.

    (a) The following equations are used to calculate the evaporative 
emissions from gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles, and for gaseous-
fueled vehicles.
    (b) Use the measurements of initial and final concentrations to 
determine the mass of hydrocarbons and methanol emitted. For testing 
with pure gasoline, methanol emissions are assumed to be zero.
    (1) For enclosure testing of diurnal, hot soak, and running loss 
emissions:
    (i) Methanol emissions:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.129
    
Where:
    (A) MCH23OH=Methanol mass change,  g.
    (B) VFn=Net enclosure volume, ft3, as 
determined by subtracting 50 ft3 (1.42 m3) (volume 
of vehicle with trunk and windows open) from the enclosure volume. A 
manufacturer may use the measured volume of the vehicle (instead of the 
nominal 50 ft3) with advance approval by the Administrator: 
Provided, the measured volume is determined and used for all vehicles 
tested by that manufacturer.
    (C) [Reserved]
    (D) VE=Volume of sample withdrawn, ft3. Sample 
volumes must be corrected for differences in temperature to be 
consistent with determination of Vn, prior to being used in 
the equation.
    (E) [Reserved]
    (F) ACMS=GC concentration of sample.
    (G) AV=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger.
    (H) PB=Barometric pressure at time of sampling, in. Hg.
    (I) i=Initial sample.
    (J) f=Final sample.
    (K) 1=First impinger.
    (L) 2=Second impinger.
    (M) MCH3OH,out=mass of methanol exiting the enclosure, in 
the case of fixed volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, 
 g,
    (N) MCH3OH,in=mass of methanol entering the enclosure, in 
the case of fixed volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, 
 g,
    (ii) Hydrocarbon emissions:

[[Page 834]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.130

Where,
    (A) MHC=Hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (B) CHC=FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm carbon 
including FID response to methanol (or methane, as applicable) in the 
sample.
    (C) CCH3OH=Methanol concentration as ppm carbon.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.131
    
    (D) Vn=Net enclosure volume ft3 
(m3) as determined by subtracting 50 ft3 (1.42 
m3) (volume of vehicle with trunk and windows open) from the 
enclosure volume. A manufacturer may use the measured volume of the 
vehicle (instead of the nominal 50 ft3) with advance approval 
by the Administrator, provided the measured volume is determined and 
used for all vehicles tested by that manufacturer.
    (E) r=FID response factor to methanol.
    (F) PB=Barometric pressure, in Hg (Kpa).
    (G) T=Enclosure temperature,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (H) i=initial reading.
    (I) f=final reading.
    (J) 1=First impinger.
    (K) 2=Second impinger.
    (L) Assuming a hydrogen to carbon ratio of 2.3:
    (1) k=2.97; and
    (2) For SI units, k=17.16.
    (M) MHC,out=mass of hydrocarbons exiting the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (N) MHC,in=mass of hydrocarbons entering the enclosure, 
in the case of fixed-volume enclosures for diurnal emission testing, g.
    (iii) For variable-volume enclosures, defined in 
Sec. 86.1207(a)(1)(i), the following simplified form of the hydrocarbon 
mass change equation may be used:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.132

    (2) For running loss testing by the point-source method, the mass 
emissions of each test phase are calculated below, then summed for a 
total mass emission for the running loss test. If emissions are 
continuously sampled, the following equations can be used in integral 
form.
    (i) Methanol emissions:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.133
    

[[Page 835]]


Where,
    (A) MCH3OH=methanol mass change,  g.
    (B) CH3OH= 37.71 g/ft3, 
density of pure vapor at 68  deg.F.
    (C) Vmix=total dilute sample volume, in ft3, 
calculated as appropriate for the collection technique used.
    (D) CCH3OH,rl=methanol concentration of 
diluted running loss sample, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (E) CCH3OH,d=methanol concentration of 
dilution air, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (ii) Hydrocarbon emissions:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.134
    
Where,
    (A) MHC=hydrocarbon mass change, g.
    (B) HC= 16.88 g/ft3, density of pure 
vapor at 68  deg.F (for hydrogen to carbon ratio of 2.3).
    (C) Vmix=total dilute sample volume, in ft3, 
calculated as appropriate for the collection technique used.
    (D) CHC,rl=hydrocarbon concentration of diluted running 
loss sample, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (E) CHC,d=hydrocarbon concentration of dilution air, in 
ppm carbon equivalent.
    (c) Calculate the adjusted total mass emissions for each test 
segment.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.136

where MDI=mass emissions from the diurnal emission test (see 
Sec. 86.1233), g.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.135

where MHS=mass emissions from the hot soak test (see 
Sec. 86.1238), g.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.137

where MRL=mass emissions from the running loss test (see 
Sec. 86.1234), g.
    (d)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, there are two final 
results to report:
    (i) The sum of the adjusted total mass emissions for the diurnal and 
hot soak tests (MDI+MHS); and
    (ii) The adjusted total mass emissions for the running loss test, on 
a grams per mile basis=MRL/DRL, where 
DRL=miles driven for the running loss test (see Sec. 86.1234-
96(c)(6)).
    (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, there is one 
final result to report: the sum of the adjusted total

[[Page 836]]

mass emissions for the diurnal and hot soak tests 
(MDI+MHS), described in Secs. 86.1233-96(p) and 
86.1238-96(k), respectively.

[58 FR 16062, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48525, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34364, June 30, 1995; 60 FR 43906, Aug. 23, 1995]



Sec. 86.1246-96  Fuel dispensing spitback procedure.

    (a) The vehicle is fueled at a rate of 10 gal/min to test for fuel 
spitback emissions. All liquid fuel spitback emissions that occur during 
the test are collected in a bag made of a material impermeable to 
hydrocarbons or methanol. The bag shall be designed and used so that 
liquid fuel does not spit back onto the vehicle body, adjacent floor, 
etc., and it must not impede the free flow of displaced gasoline vapor 
from the orifice of the filler pipe. The bag must be designed to permit 
passage of the dispensing nozzle through the bag. If the bag has been 
used for previous testing, sufficient time shall be allowed for the bag 
to dry out. The dispensing nozzle shall be a commercial model, not 
equipped with vapor recovery hardware.
    (b) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle shall 
be not less than 68  deg.F nor more than 86  deg.F. The temperatures 
monitored during testing must be representative of those experienced by 
the test vehicle. The vehicle shall be approximately level during all 
phases of the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.
    (c) Measure and record the mass of the bag to be used for collecting 
spitback emissions to the nearest 0.01 gram.
    (d) Drain the fuel tank(s) and fill with test fuel, as specified in 
Sec. 86.1213, to 10 percent of the reported nominal fuel tank capacity. 
The fuel cap(s) shall be installed immediately after refueling.
    (e) The vehicle shall be soaked at 806  deg.F 
(273  deg.C) for a minimum of six hours, then placed, either 
by being driven or pushed, on a dynamometer and operated through one 
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (specified in 
Sec. 86.1215 and appendix I of this part). The test vehicle may not be 
used to set dynamometer horsepower.
    (f) Following the preconditioning drive, the vehicle shall be moved 
or driven at minimum throttle to the refueling area.
    (g) All areas in proximity to the vehicle fuel fill orifice and the 
dispenser nozzle itself shall be completely dry of liquid fuel.
    (h) The fuel filler neck shall be snugly fitted with the vented bag 
to capture any fuel emissions. The fuel nozzle shall be inserted through 
the bag into the filler neck of the test vehicle to its maximum 
penetration. The plane of the nozzle's handle shall be perpendicular to 
the floor of the laboratory.
    (i) The fueling procedure consists of dispensing fuel through a 
nozzle, interrupted by a series of automatic shutoffs. A minimum of 3 
seconds shall elapse between any automatic shutoff and subsequent 
resumption of dispensing. Dispensing may not be manually terminated, 
unless the test vehicle has already clearly failed the test. The vehicle 
shall be fueled according to the following procedure:
    (1) The fueling operation shall be started within 4 minutes after 
the vehicle is turned off and within 8 minutes after completion of the 
preconditioning drive. The average temperature of the dispensed fuel 
shall be 655  deg.F (183  deg.C).
    (2) The fuel shall be dispensed at a rate of 9.80.3 
gallons/minute (37.11.1 l/min) until the automatic shutoff 
is activated.
    (3) If the automatic shutoff is activated before the nozzle has 
dispensed an amount of fuel equal to 70 percent of the tank's nominal 
capacity, the dispensing may be resumed at a reduced rate. Repeat as 
necessary until the nozzle has dispensed an amount of fuel equal to at 
least 70 percent of the tank's nominal capacity.
    (4) Once the automatic shutoff is activated after the nozzle has 
dispensed an amount of fuel equal to 70 percent of the tank's nominal 
capacity, the fuel shall be dispensed at a rate of 51 
gallons/minute (194 /min) for all subsequent 
dispensing. Dispensing shall be restarted two additional times.
    (5) If the nozzle has dispensed an amount of fuel less than 85 
percent of the tank's nominal capacity after the two additional 
dispensing restarts, dispensing shall be resumed, and shall

[[Page 837]]

continue through as many automatic shutoffs as necessary to achieve this 
level. This completes the fueling procedure.
    (j) Withdraw the nozzle from the vehicle and the bag, holding the 
tip of the nozzle upward to avoid any dripping into the bag.
    (k) Within 1 minute after completion of the fueling event, the bag 
shall be folded to minimize the vapor volume inside the bag. The bag 
shall be folded as quickly as possible to prevent evaporation of 
collected emissions.
    (l) Within 5 minutes after completion of the fueling event, the mass 
of the bag and its contents shall be measured and recorded (consistent 
with paragraph (c) of this section). The bag shall be weighed as quickly 
as possible to prevent evaporation of collected emissions.

[58 FR 16063, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 43906, Aug. 23, 1995]



Subpart N--Emission Regulations for New Otto-Cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty 
        Engines; Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures

    Authority: Secs. 202, 206, 207, 208, 301(a), Clean Air Act as 
amended 42 U.S.C. 7521, 7524, 7541, 7542, and 7601.

    Source: 48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1301-90  Scope; applicability.

    This subpart contains gaseous emission test procedures for Otto-
cycle and diesel heavy-duty engines, and particulate emission test 
procedures for diesel heavy-duty engines. It applies to 1990 and later 
model years.

[54 FR 14571, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1302-84  Definitions.

    The definitions in Sec. 86.084-2 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.1303-84  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in Sec. 86.084-3 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.1304-90  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the 
section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first 
model year for which a section is effective. A section remains effective 
until superseded.

    Example: Section 86.1311-84 applies to the 1984 and subsequent model 
years until superceded. If a Sec. 86.1311-88 is promulgated it would 
take effect beginning with the 1988 model year; Sec. 86.1311-84 would 
apply to model years 1984 through 1987.

    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model year.
    (c) Unless indicated, all provisions in this subpart apply to both 
Otto-cycle and diesel heavy-duty engines.

[54 FR 14571, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1305-90  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment required and the procedures 
to follow in order to perform exhaust emission tests on Otto-cycle and 
diesel heavy-duty engines. Subpart A sets forth the testing requirements 
and test intervals necessary to comply with EPA certification 
procedures.
    (b) Four topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.1306 
through 86.1315 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.1316 through 86.1326 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures are listed in Secs. 86.1327 through 86.1341; calculation 
formula are found in Sec. 86.1342; and data requirements are found in 
Sec. 86.1344.

[54 FR 14571, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1306-90  Equipment required and specifications; overview.

    (a) Exhaust emission tests. All engines subject to this subpart are 
tested for exhaust emissions. Petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled, Otto-cycle and 
diesel engines are tested identically with the exception of the systems 
used to measure hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, methanol, formaldehyde and 
particulate; petroleum-fueled

[[Page 838]]

diesel engines require a heated, continuous hydrocarbon detector and a 
continuous nitrogen oxide detector (Sec. 86.1310); methanol-fueled 
engines require a heated hydrocarbon detector, a methanol detector and a 
formaldehyde detector; either a heated or a non-heated continuous 
hydrocarbon detector may be used with natural gas-fueled and liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled diesel engines; gasoline-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle 
engines are not tested for particulate emissions (Sec. 86.1309). 
Necessary equipment and specifications appear in Secs. 86.1308, 86.1309, 
86.1310 and 86.1311.
    (b) Fuel, analytical gas, and engine cycle specifications. Fuel 
specifications for exhaust emission testing are specified in 
Sec. 86.1313. Analytical gases are specified in Sec. 86.1314. The EPA 
heavy-duty transient engines cycles for use in exhaust testing are 
described in Sec. 86.1333 and specified in appendix I to this part.

[54 FR 14572, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48525, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1306-96  Equipment required and specifications; overview.

    (a) Exhaust emission tests. All engines subject to this subpart are 
tested for exhaust emissions. Petroleum-, natural gas-, liquefied 
petroleum gas-, and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel engines are 
tested identically with two exceptions. First, the systems used to 
measure hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, methanol, formaldehyde and 
particulate depend on the type of engine being tested; petroleum-fueled 
diesel engines require a heated, continuous hydrocarbon detector and a 
heated, continuous nitrogen oxide detector (see Sec. 86.1310); methanol-
fueled engines require a heated hydrocarbon detector, a methanol 
detector and a formaldehyde detector; either a heated or non-heated 
continuous hydrocarbon detector may be used with natural gas-fueled and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel engines; gasoline-fueled, natural 
gas- fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-
cycle engines are not tested for particulate emissions (see 
Sec. 86.1309). Second, if a gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled engine 
is to be used in a vehicle equipped with an evaporative canister, the 
test engine must have a loaded evaporative canister attached for the 
exhaust emission test. Necessary equipment and specifications appear in 
Secs. 86.1308, 86.1309, 86.1310 and 86.1311.
    (b) Fuel, analytical gas, and engine cycle specifications. Fuel 
specifications for exhaust emission testing are specified in 
Sec. 86.1313. Analytical gases are specified in Sec. 86.1314. The EPA 
heavy-duty transient engine cycles for use in exhaust testing are 
described in Sec. 86.1333 and specified in appendix I to this part.

[58 FR 16064, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48525, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1308-84  Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications.

    (a) Engine dynamometer. The engine dynamometer system must be 
capable of controlling engine torque and rpm simultaneously over 
transient cycles. The transient torque and rpm schedules described in 
Sec. 86.1333-84 and specified in appendix I ((f)(i), (2), and (3)) must 
be followed within the accuracy requirements specified in Sec. 86.1341-
84. In addition to these general requirements, the engine or dynamometer 
readout signals for speed and torque shall meet the following accuracy 
specifications:
    (1) Engine speed readout shall be accurate to within 
plus-minus2 percent of the absolute standard value, as 
defined in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) Engine flywheel torque readout shall be accurate to either 
within plus-minus3 percent of the NBS ``true'' value torque 
(as defined in paragraph (e) of this section), or the following 
accuracies:
    (i) plus-minus2.5 ft-lbs. of the NBS ``true'' value if 
the full scale value is 550 ft-lbs. or less.
    (ii) plus-minus5 ft-lbs. of the NBS ``true'' value if the 
full scale value is 1050 ft-lbs. or less.
    (iii) 10 ft.-lbs., of the NBS ``true'' value if the full 
scale value is greater than 1050 ft.-lbs.
    (3) Option: Internal dynamometer signals (i.e., armature current, 
etc.) may be used for torque measurement provided that it can be shown 
that the engine flywheel torque during the test cycle conforms to the 
accuracy specifications in paragraph (a) of this section. Such a 
measurement system must

[[Page 839]]

include compensation for increased or decreased flywheel torque due to 
the armature inertia during accelerations and decelerations in the test 
cycle.
    (b) Cycle verification equipment. In order to verify that the test 
engine has followed the test cycle correctly, the dynamometer or engine 
readout signals for speed and torque must be collected in a manner that 
allows a statistical correlation between the actual engine performance 
and the test cycle (See Sec. 86.1341-84). Normally this collection 
process would involve conversion of analog dynamometer or engine signals 
into digital values for storage in a computer. The conversion of 
dynamometer or engine values (computer or other) that are used to 
evaluate the validity of engine performance in relation to the test 
cycle shall be performed in a manner such that:
    (1) Speed values used for cycle evaluation are accurate to within 2 
percent of the dynamometer or engine flywheel torque readout value.
    (2) Engine flywheel torque values used for cycle evaluation are 
accurate to within 2 percent of the dynamometer or engine flywheel 
torque readout value.
    (c) Option: For some systems it may be more convenient to combine 
the tolerances in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. This is 
permitted if the root mean square method (RMS) is used. The RMS values 
would then refer to accuracy in relationship to absolute standard or to 
NBS ``true'' values.
    (1) Speed values used for cycle evaluation shall be accurate to 
within plus-minus2.8 percent of the absolute standard values, 
as defined in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) Engine flywheel torque values used for cycle evaluation shall be 
accurate to within plus-minus3.6 percent of NBS ``true'' 
values, as determined in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (d) Speed calibration equipment. A 60-tooth (or greater) wheel in 
combination with a common mode rejection frequency counter is considered 
an absolute standard for engine or dynamometer speed.
    (e) Torque calibration equipment. Two techniques are allowed for 
torque calibration. Alternate techniques may be used if shown to yield 
equivalent accuracies. The NBS ``true'' value torque is defined as the 
torque calculated by taking the product of an NBS traceable weight or 
force and a sufficiently accurate horizontal lever arm distance, 
corrected for the hanging torque of the lever arm.
    (1) The lever-arm dead-weight technique involves the placement of 
known weights at a known horizontal distance from the center of rotation 
of the torque measuring device. The equipment required is:
    (i) Calibration weights. A minimum of six calibration weights for 
each range of torque measuring device used are required. The weights 
must be approximately equally spaced and each must be traceable to NBS 
weights. Laboratories located in foreign countries may certify 
calibration weights to local government bureau standards. Certification 
of weight by state government Bureau of Weights and Measures is 
acceptable. Effects of changes in gravitational constant at the test 
site may be accounted for if desired.
    (ii) Lever arm. A lever arm with a minimum length of 24 inches is 
required. The horizontal distance from the centerline of the engine 
torque measurement device to the point of weight application shall be 
accurate to within plus-minus0.10 inches. The arm must be 
balanced, or the hanging torque of the arm must be known to within 
plus-minus0.1 ft-lbs.
    (2) The transfer technique involves the calibration of a master load 
cell (i.e., dynamometer case load cell). This calibration can be done 
with known calibration weights at known horizontal distances, or by 
using a hydraulically actuated precalibrated master load cell. This 
calibration is then transferred to the flywheel torque measuring device. 
The technique involves the following steps:
    (i) A master load cell shall be either precalibrated or be 
calibrated per paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section with known weights 
traceable to NBS, and used with the lever arm(s) specified in paragraph 
(e)(2)(ii) of this section. The dynamometer should be either running or 
vibrated during this calibration to minimize static hysteresis.
    (ii) A lever arm(s) with a minimum length of 24 inches is (are) 
required.

[[Page 840]]

The horizontal distances from the centerline of the master load cell, to 
the centerline of the dynamometer, and to the point of weight or force 
application shall be accurate to within plus-minus0.10 
inches. The arm(s) must be balanced or the net hanging torque of the 
arm(s) must be known to within plus-minus0.1 ft.-lbs.
    (iii) Transfer of calibration from the case or master load cell to 
the flywheel torque measuring device shall be performed with the 
dynamometer operating at a constant speed. The flywheel torque 
measurement device readout shall be calibrated to the master load cell 
torque readout at a minimum of six loads approximately equally spaced 
across the full useful ranges of both measurement devices. (Note that 
good engineering practice requires that both devices have approximately 
equal useful ranges of torque measurement.) The transfer calibration 
shall be performed in a manner such that the accuracy requirements of 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section for the flywheel torque measurement 
device readout be met or exceeded.
    (3) Other techniques may be used if shown to yield equivalent 
accuracy.
    (f) Diesel engines only. If direct measurement of mass fuel 
consumption is chosen as an option in lieu of dilute exhaust CO2 
measurement, the fuel measurement device shall be accurate to within 
plus-minus2 percent of actual mass fuel flow.

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48142, Dec. 10, 1984; 
52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987]



Sec. 86.1309-90  Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle engines.

    (a)(1) General. The exhaust gas sampling system described in this 
paragraph is designed to measure the true mass of gaseous emissions in 
the exhaust of either gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines. In the CVS 
concept of measuring mass emissions, two conditions must be satisfied; 
the total volume of the mixture of exhaust and dilution air must be 
measured, and a continuously proportioned volume of sample must be 
collected for analysis. Mass emissions are determined from the sample 
concentration and total flow over the test period.
    (2) Engine exhaust to CVS duct. For methanol-fueled engines, 
reactions of the exhaust gases in the exhaust duct connected to the 
dilution tunnel (for the purposes of this paragraph, the exhaust duct 
excludes the length of pipe representative of the vehicle exhaust pipe) 
shall be minimized. This may be accomplished by:
    (i) Using a duct of unrestricted length maintained at a temperature 
below 599  deg.F (315  deg.C). (Cooling capabilities as required); or
    (ii) Using a smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating (a maximum of two short flexible connectors are allowed 
under this option); or
    (iii) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the engine exhaust manifold, immediately after exhaust 
aftertreatment systems, or after a length of pipe representative of the 
vehicle exhaust pipe; or
    (iv) Partial dilution of the exhaust gas prior to entering the 
dilution tunnel, which lowers the duct temperature below 599  deg.F (315 
 deg.C).
    (3) Positive displacement pump. The Positive Displacement Pump 
Constant Volume Sampler (PDP-CVS), Figure N90-1 satisfies the first 
condition by metering at a constant temperature and pressure through the 
pump. The total volume is measured by counting the revolutions made by 
the calibrated positive displacement pump. The proportional samples for 
the bag sample, the methanol sample (Figure N90-2), and the formaldehyde 
sample (Figure N90-3), as applicable are achieved by sampling at a 
constant flow rate. For methanol-fueled engines, the sample lines for 
the methanol and formaldehyde samples are heated to prevent 
condensation. (Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled 
engines, methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be omitted provided the 
bag sample (hydrocarbons and methanol) is analyzed using a HFID 
calibrated with methanol.)

[[Page 841]]

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[[Page 842]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.188


[[Page 843]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.189

    (4) Critical flow venturi. The operation of the Critical Flow 
Venturi Constant Volume Sampler (CFV-CVS), Figure N90-4 is based upon 
the principles of fluid dynamics associated with critical flow. The CFV 
system is commonly called a constant volume system (CVS) even though the 
flow varies. It would

[[Page 844]]

be more proper to call the critical flow venturi (CFV) system a constant 
proportion sampling system since proportional sampling throughout 
temperature excursions is maintained by use of a small CFVs in the 
sample lines. For engines requiring measurement of methanol and/or 
formaldehyde, one line supplies sample for the bag sample, another line 
supplies sample for the methanol sample, and a third line supplies 
sample for the formaldehyde sample. The lines for the methanol and 
formaldehyde samples are heated to prevent condensation with care being 
taken to ensure that the CFVs of the sample probes are not heated. 
(Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled engines, 
methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be omitted provided the bag 
sample (hydrocarbons and methanol) is analyzed using a HFID calibrated 
with methanol. The variable mixture flow rate is maintained at choked 
flow, which is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas 
temperature, and is computed continuously. Since the pressure and 
temperature are the same at all venturi inlets, the sample volume is 
proportional to the total volume.)

[[Page 845]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.190

    (5) Electronic Flow Control. The Electronic Flow Control Critical 
Flow Venturi Constant Volume Sampler (EFC-CFV-CVS) is identical to the 
CFV-CVS system, except that it uses electronic mass flow meters to 
maintain proportional sampling for methanol and

[[Page 846]]

formaldehyde. The flow rate of the exhaust plus dilution air and the 
sample flow rate are measured electronically. Proportionality is 
maintained by electronically controlled metering valves in the methanol 
and formaldehyde sample lines. Control of the valves is based on the 
electronic response of the flow meters. It is recommended that total 
flow sample volumes be measured by separate flow meters. For methanol-
fueled engines, one line supplies sample for the bag sample, another 
line supplies sample for the methanol sample, and a third line supplies 
sample for the formaldehyde sample. The sample lines for methanol and 
for formaldehyde may both draw samples from a single static probe. The 
lines for the methanol and formaldehyde samples are heated to prevent 
condensation.
    (6) Other systems. Other sampling and/or analytical systems 
including the systems described in Sec. 86.1310 for petroleum-fueled 
diesel engines may be used if shown to yield equivalent results, and if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (7) Since various configurations can produce equivalent results, 
exact conformance with these drawings is not required. Additional 
components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and switches 
may be used to provide additional information and coordinate the 
functions of the component systems. Other components such as snubbers, 
which are not needed to maintain accuracy on some systems, may be 
excluded if their exclusion is based upon good engineering judgment.
    (b) Component description, PDP-CVS. The PDP-CVS, Figure N90-1, 
consists of a dilution air filter and mixing assembly, heat exchanger, 
positive displacement pump, sampling systems (see Figure N90-2 for 
methanol sampling system and Figure N90-3 for formaldehyde sampling 
system) including sampling lines which are heated to prevent 
condensation in the case of the methanol-fueled engine, and associated 
valves, pressure and temperature sensors. The temperature of the sample 
lines shall be more than 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point 
of the mixture and less than 250  deg.F (121  deg.C). (It is recommended 
the they be maintained at 235 15  deg.F (113 8 
deg.C)). Heating of the sample lines may be omitted, provided the 
methanol and formaldehyde sample collection systems are close coupled to 
the probes thereby preventing loss of sample due to cooling and 
resulting condensation in the sample lines. The PDP-CVS shall conform to 
the following requirements:
    (1) Exhaust system backpressure must not be artificially lowered by 
the CVS or dilution air inlet system. Measurements to verify this should 
be made in the raw exhaust immediately upstream of the inlet to the CVS. 
(For diesel engines, this measurement should be made immediately 
upstream of the backpressure set device.) This verification requires the 
continuous measurement and comparison of raw exhaust static pressure 
observed during a transient cycle, both with and without the operating 
CVS. Static pressure measured with the operating CVS system shall remain 
within 5 inches of water (1.2 kPa) of the static pressure 
measured without connection to the CVS, at identical moments in the test 
cycle. (Sampling systems capable of maintaining the static pressure to 
within 1 inch of water (0.25 kPa) will be used by the 
Administrator if a written request substantiates the need for this 
closer tolerance.) This requirement is essentially a design 
specification for the CVS/dilution air inlet system, and should be 
performed as often as good engineering practice dictates (e.g., after 
installation of an uncharacterized CVS, addition of an unknown inlet 
restriction on the dilution air, etc.).
    (2) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately 
ahead of the positive displacement pump and after the heat exchanger, 
shall be maintained within 10  deg.F (5.6 
deg.C) of the average operating temperature observed during the test. 
(The average operating temperature may be estimated from the average 
operating temperature from similar tests.) The temperature measuring 
system (sensors and readout) shall have an accuracy and precision of 
3.4  deg.F (1.9  deg.C).
    (3) The pressure gauges shall have an accuracy and precision of 
3 mm Hg (0.4 kPa).
    (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to eliminate 
water

[[Page 847]]

condensation in the system. This is especially critical for methanol-
fueled engines and may also be of concern with natural gas- and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines; see ``Calculation of Emissions 
and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-83-009. 
Dehumidifying the dilution air before entering the CVS is allowed. 
Heating is also allowed, provided:
    (i) The air (or air plus exhaust gas) temperature does not exceed 
250  deg.F, or 125  deg.F if particulate emissions are measured;
    (ii) Calculation of the CVS flow rate necessary to prevent water 
condensation is based on the lowest temperature encountered in the CVS 
prior to sampling. (It is recommended that the CVS system be insulated 
when heated dilution air is used.);
    (iii) The dilution ratio is sufficiently high to prevent 
condensation in bag samples as they cool to room temperature.
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow. A single 
dilution air sample, covering the total test period, may be collected 
for the determination of methanol and formaldehyde background (where 
applicable).
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to 
collect samples of adequate size for analysis without significant impact 
on the volume of dilute exhaust passing through the PDP. The systems 
shall also comply with the following requirements that apply to the 
design of the systems, not to individual tests:
    (i) The methanol system shall be designed such that, if a test 
engine emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol (based on all 
applicable standards) during the first phase of the test, the measured 
concentration in the primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a 
concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for the GC 
analyzer.
    (ii) The formaldehyde system shall be designed such that, if a test 
engine emitted formaldehyde at a rate equal to twenty percent of the 
maximum allowable level of THCE (i.e., 0.2 g/Bhp-hr for a 1.1 g/Bhp-hr 
THCE standard), or the maximum formaldehyde level allowed by a specific 
formaldehyde standard, whichever is less, during the first phase of the 
test, the concentration of formaldehyde in the DNPH solution of the 
primary impinger, or solution resulting from the extraction of the DNPH 
cartridge, shall exceed either 2.5 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 
times the limit of detection for the HPLC analyzer.
    (iii) The methanol and formaldehyde systems shall be designed such 
that the primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in 
the samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary 
impinger. Sampling systems shall be identical for all phases.
    (c) Component description, CFV. The CFV sample system, Figure N90-4, 
consists of a dilution air filter (optional) and mixing assembly, 
cyclone particulate separator (optional), unheated sampling venturies 
for the bag, methanol and formaldehyde samples, as applicable, heated 
sample lines to prevent condensation in the case of the methanol-fueled 
engine, critical flow venturi, and associated valves, pressure and 
temperature sensors. The temperature of the sample lines shall be more 
than 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of the mixture and 
less than 250  deg.F (121  deg.C). (It is recommended the they be 
maintained at 235 15  deg.F (113  8  deg.C)). 
Heating of the sample lines may be omitted, provided the methanol and 
formaldehyde sample collection systems are close coupled to the probes 
thereby preventing loss of sample due to cooling and resulting 
condensation in the sample lines. The CFV sample system shall conform to 
the following requirements:
    (1) Static pressure variations in the raw exhaust shall conform to 
the specifications detailed in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (2) The temperature measuring system (sensors and readout) shall 
have an accuracy and precision of 3.4  deg.F 
(1.9  deg.C). The temperature measuring system used in a CVS 
without a heat exchanger shall have a response time of 1.50 seconds to 
62.5 percent of a temperature change (as measured in hot silicone oil). 
There is no response time

[[Page 848]]

requirement for a CVS equipped with a heat exchanger.
    (3) The pressure measuring system (sensors and readout) shall have 
an accuracy and precision of 3 mm Hg (0.4 kPa).
    (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to eliminate 
water condensation in the system. This is especially critical for 
methanol-fueled engines and may also be of concern with natural gas- and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines; see ``Calculation of Emissions 
and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative Fuels,'' EPA 460/3-83-009. 
Dehumidifying the dilution air before entering the CVS is allowed. 
Heating is also allowed, provided:
    (i) The air (or air plus exhaust gas) temperature does not exceed 
250  deg.F, or 125  deg.F if particulate emissions are measured.
    (ii) Calculation of the CVS flow rate necessary to prevent water 
condensation is based on the lowest temperature encountered in the CVS 
prior to sampling. (It is recommended that the CVS system be insulated 
when heated dilution air is used.)
    (iii) The dilution ratio is sufficiently high to prevent 
condensation in bag samples as they cool to room temperature.
    (5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples 
shall be of sufficient size so as not to impede sample flow. A single 
dilution air sample, covering the total test period, may be collected 
for the determination of methanol and formaldehyde background (where 
applicable).
    (6) The methanol sample collection system and the formaldehyde 
sample collection system shall each be of sufficient capacity so as to 
collect samples of adequate size for analysis without significant impact 
on the volume of dilute exhaust passing through the CFV. The systems 
shall also comply with the following requirements that apply to the 
design of the systems, not to individual tests:
    (i) The methanol system shall be designed such that, if a test 
engine emitted the maximum allowable level of methanol (based on all 
applicable standards) during the first phase of the test, the measured 
concentration in the primary impinger would exceed either 25 mg/l or a 
concentration equal to 25 times the limit of detection for the GC 
analyzer.
    (ii) The formaldehyde system shall be designed such that, if a test 
engine emitted formaldehyde at a rate equal to twenty percent of the 
maximum allowable level of THCE (i.e., 0.2 g/Bhp-hr for a 1.1 g/Bhp-hr 
THCE standard), or the maximum formaldehyde level allowed by a specific 
formaldehyde standard, whichever is less, during the first phase of the 
test, the concentration of formaldehyde in the DNPH solution of the 
primary impinger, or solution resulting from the extraction of the DNPH 
cartridge, shall exceed either 2.5 mg/l or a concentration equal to 25 
times the limit of detection for the HPLC analyzer.
    (iii) The methanol and formaldehyde systems shall be designed such 
that the primary impinger collects at least 90 percent of the analyte in 
the samples. The remaining analyte shall be collected by the secondary 
impinger. Sampling systems shall be identical for all phases of the 
test.
    (d) Component description, EFC-CFV. The EFC-CFV sample system, is 
identical to the CFV system described in paragraph (c) of this section, 
with the addition of electronic flow controllers, metering valves, 
separate flow meters to totalize sample flow volumes (optional), for 
methanol and formaldehyde samples. Both samples may be drawn from a 
single static probe. The EFC sample system shall conform to the 
following requirements:
    (1) All of the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) The ratio of sample flow to CVS flow must not vary by more 
5 percent from the setpoint of the test.
    (3) The sample flow totalizers shall meet the accuracy 
specifications of Sec. 86.1320. Total sample flow volumes may be 
obtained from the flow controllers, with advance approval of the 
Administrator, provided that they can be shown to meet the accuracy 
specifications of Sec. 86.1320.

[54 FR 14572, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48525, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34364, June 30, 1995]

[[Page 849]]



Sec. 86.1310-90  Exhaust gas sampling and analytical system; diesel engines.

    (a) General. The exhaust gas sampling system described in this 
paragraph is designed to measure the true mass of both gaseous and 
particulate emissions in the exhaust of petroleum-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled heavy-duty 
diesel engines. This system utilizes the CVS concept (described in 
Sec. 86.1309) of measuring the combined mass emissions of HC, 
CH3OH and HCHO from methanol-fueled engines and CO, 
CO2 and particulate from all fuel types. A continuously 
integrated system is required for THC (petroleum-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines) and NOX 
(all engines) measurement, and is allowed for all CO and CO2 
measurements plus the combined emissions of CH3OH, HCHO, and 
HC from methanol-fueled engines. Where applicable, separate sampling 
systems are required for methanol and for formaldehyde. The mass of 
gaseous emissions is determined from the sample concentration and total 
flow over the test period. The mass of particulate emissions is 
determined from a proportional mass sample collected on a filter and 
from the sample flow and total flow over the test period. As an option, 
the measurement of total fuel mass consumed over a cycle may be 
substituted for the exhaust measurement of CO2. General 
requirements are as follows:
    (1) This sampling system requires the use of a PDP-CVS and a heat 
exchanger, a CFV-CVS (or an EFC-CFV-CVS) with either a heat exchanger or 
electronic flow compensation. Figure N90-5 is a schematic drawing of the 
PDP system. Figure N90-6 is a schematic drawing of the CFV-CVS system.

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[[Page 851]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.192

    (2) The HC analytical system for petroleum-fueled diesel engines 
requires a heated flame ionization detector (HFID) and heated sample 
system (375 20  deg.F (191 11  deg.C)). For 
natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel engines 
either a heated flame ionization detector and heated sample system as 
required for petroleum fuel or a non-heated flame ionization detector 
may be used.
    (3) Methanol-fueled engines require the use of a heated flame 
ionization detector (HFID) (235 deg.15  deg.F 
(113 deg.8  deg.C)) for hydrocarbon analysis. With a heated 
FID, the hydrocarbon analysis can be made on the bag sample and the 
methanol and formaldehyde analyses are

[[Page 852]]

performed on the samples collected for these purposes (Figures N90-2 and 
N90-3).
    Note: For 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled engines, 
methanol and formaldehyde sampling may be omitted provided the 
hydrocarbon plus methanol analyses are performed using a FID calibrated 
on methanol.
    (4) For methanol-fueled engines, cooling or reaction of the exhaust 
gases in the exhaust duct connected to the dilution tunnel (for the 
purposes of this paragraph, the exhaust duct excludes the length of pipe 
representative of the vehicle exhaust pipe) shall be minimized. This may 
be accomplished by:
    (i) Using a duct of unrestricted length maintained at a temperature 
below 599  deg.F (315  deg.C). (Heating and possibly cooling 
capabilities as required); or
    (ii) Using a smooth wall duct less than five feet long with no 
required heating (a maximum of two short flexible connectors are allowed 
under this option); or
    (iii) Omitting the duct and performing the exhaust gas dilution 
function at the engine exhaust manifold or immediately after exhaust 
aftertreatment systems, or after a length of pipe representative of the 
vehicle exhaust pipe; or
    (iv) Partial dilution of the exhaust gas prior to entering the 
dilution tunnel, which lowers the duct temperature below 599  deg.F (315 
 deg.C).
    (5) Heated sample lines are required for the methanol and 
formaldehyde samples (care must be taken to prevent heating of the 
sample probes unless compensation for varying flow rate is made). The 
sample collection lines shall be heated to a temperature more than 5 
deg.F (3  deg.C) above the maximum dew point of the mixture, but below 
250  deg.F (121  deg.C).
    (6) The CO and CO2 analytical system requires:
    (i) Bag sampling (Sec. 86.1309) and analytical (Sec. 86.1311) 
capabilities, as shown in Figure N90-5 (or Figure N90-6), or
    (ii) Continuously integrated measurement of diluted CO and 
CO2 meeting the minimum requirements and technical 
specifications contained in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. Unless 
compensation for varying flow is made, a constant flow system must be 
used to ensure a representative sample.
    (7) The NOX analytical system requires a continuously 
integrated measurement of diluted NOX meeting the minimum 
requirements and technical specifications contained in paragraph (b)(5) 
of this section. Unless compensation for varying flow is made, a 
constant flow system must be used to ensure a representative sample.
    (8) The mass of particulate in the exhaust is determined via 
filtration. The particulate sampling system requires dilution of the 
exhaust in either one or two steps to a temperature never greater than 
125  deg.F (51.7  deg.C) at the primary sample filter. A backup filter 
provides a confirmation of sufficient filtering efficiency.
    (9) Since various configurations can produce equivalent results, 
exact conformance with these drawings is not required. Additional 
components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps, and switches 
may be used to provide additional information and coordinate the 
functions of the component systems. Other components, such as snubbers, 
which are not needed to maintain accuracy on some systems, may be 
excluded if their exclusion is based upon good engineering judgment.
    (10) Other sampling and/or analytical systems may be used if shown 
to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (b) Component description. The components necessary for exhaust 
sampling shall meet the following requirements:
    (1) Exhaust dilution system. The PDP-CVS shall conform to all of the 
requirements listed for the exhaust gas PDP-CVS in Sec. 86.1309(b). The 
CFV-CVS shall conform to all of the requirements listed for the exhaust 
gas CFV-CVS in Sec. 86.1309(c). The EFC-CFV-CVS shall conform to all of 
the requirements listed for the exhaust gas EFC-CVS in Sec. 86.1309(d). 
In addition, the CFV-CVS and EFC-CFV-CVS must conform to the following 
requirements:
    (i) The flow capacity of the CVS must be sufficient to maintain the 
diluted exhaust stream at or below the temperatures required for the 
measurement of particulate and hydrocarbon emission noted below and at, 
or above, the temperatures where condensation

[[Page 853]]

of water in the exhaust gases could occur. This may be achieved by 
either of the following two methods:
    (A) Single-dilution method. The flow capacity of the CVS must be 
sufficient to maintain the diluted exhaust stream at a temperature of 
125  deg.F (51.7  deg.C) or less, at the sampling zone in the primary 
dilution tunnel and as required to prevent condensation at any point in 
the dilution tunnel. Direct sampling of the particulate material may 
then take place (Figure N90-5).
    (B) Double-dilution method. The flow capacity of the CVS must be 
sufficient to maintain the diluted exhaust stream in the primary 
dilution tunnel at a temperature of 375  deg.F (191  deg.C) (250  deg.F 
(121  deg.C) for methanol fueled engines) or less at the sampling zone 
and as required to prevent condensation at any point in the dilution 
tunnel. Gaseous emission samples may be taken directly from this 
sampling point. An exhaust sample must then be taken at this point to be 
diluted a second time for use in determining particulate emissions. The 
secondary dilution system must provide sufficient secondary dilution air 
to maintain the double-diluted exhaust stream at a temperature of 125 
deg.F (51.7  deg.C) or less immediately before the primary particulate 
filter in the secondary dilution tunnel.
    (ii) For the CFV-CVS or EFC-CFV-CVS, either a heat exchanger or 
electronic flow compensation (which also includes the particulate sample 
flows) is required (see Figure N90-6).
    (iii) For the CFV-CVS or EFC-CFV-CVS when a heat exchanger is used, 
the gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately ahead of 
the critical flow venturi, shall be within 20  deg.F 
(11  deg.C) of the average operating temperature observed 
during the test with the simultaneous requirement that condensation does 
not occur. The temperature measuring system(sensors and readout) shall 
have an accuracy and precision of 3.4  deg.F (1.9  deg.C). 
For systems utilizing a flow compensator to maintain proportional 
sampling, the requirement for maintaining constant temperature is not 
necessary.
    (iv) The primary dilution air and secondary dilution air (if 
applicable):
    (A) Shall have a temperature of 77 deg.9  deg.F 
(25 deg.5  deg.C). For the first l0 seconds this 
specification is 77 deg.20  deg.F (25 deg.11 
deg.C).
    (B) May be filtered at the dilution air inlet.
    (C) Primary dilution air may be sampled to determine background 
particulate levels, which can then be subtracted from the values 
measured in the diluted exhaust stream. The primary dilution air shall 
be sampled at the inlet to the primary dilution tunnel, if unfiltered, 
or downstream of any primary dilution air conditioning devices, if used.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) Continuous HC measurement system. (i) The continuous HC sample 
system (as shown in Figure N90-7 or N90-8) uses an ``overflow'' zero and 
span system. In this type of system, excess zero or span gas spills out 
of the probe when zero and span checks of the analyzer are made. The 
``overflow'' system may also be used to calibrate the HC analyzer per 
Sec. 86.1321(b), although this is not required.

[[Page 854]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.193


[[Page 855]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.194

    (ii) No other analyzers may draw a sample from the continuous HC 
sample probe, line or system, unless a common sample pump is used for 
all analyzers and the sample line system design reflects good 
engineering practice.
    (iii) The overflow gas flow rates into the sample line shall be at 
least 105 percent of the sample system flow rate.
    (iv) The overflow gases shall enter the heated sample line as close 
as practicable to the outside surface of the CVS duct or dilution 
tunnel.
    (v) The continuous HC sampling system shall consist of a probe 
(which must raise the sample to the specified temperature) and, where 
used, a sample transfer system (which must maintain

[[Page 856]]

the specified temperature). The continuous hydrocarbon sampling system 
(exclusive of the probe) shall:
    (A) Maintain a wall temperature of 464K  11K (191  deg.C 
 11  deg.C) as measured at every separately controlled 
heated component (i.e., filters, heated line sections), using permanent 
thermocouples located at each of the separate components.
    (B) Have a wall temperature of 464K  11K (191  deg.C 
 11  deg.C) over its entire length. The temperature of the 
system shall be demonstrated by profiling the thermal characteristics of 
the system at initial installation and after any major maintenance 
performed on the system. The temperature profile of the HC sampling 
system shall be demonstrated by inserting thermocouple wires (typically 
Teflon coated for ease of insertion) into the sampling 
system assembled in-situ where possible, using good engineering 
judgement. The wire should be inserted up to the HFID inlet. Stabilize 
the sampling system heaters at normal operating temperatures. Withdraw 
the wires in increments of 5 cm to 10 cm (2 inches to 4 inches) 
including all fittings. Record the stabilized temperature at each 
position. The system temperature will be monitored during testing at the 
locations and temperature described in Sec. 86.1310-90(b)(v)(A). 
Comment: It is understood that profiling of the sample line can be done 
under flowing conditions also as required with the probe.
    (C) Maintain a gas temperature of 464K 11K (191  deg.C 
11  deg.C) immediately before the heated filter and HFID. 
These gas temperatures will be determined by a temperature sensor 
located immediately upstream of each component.
    (vi) The continuous hydrocarbon sampling probe shall:
    (A) Be defined as the first 25.4 cm (10 in) to 76.2 cm (30 in) of 
the continuous hydrocarbon sampling system.
    (B) Have a 0.483 cm (0.19 in) minimum inside diameter.
    (C) Be installed in the primary dilution tunnel at a point where the 
dilution air and exhaust are well mixed (i.e., approximately 10 tunnel 
diameters downstream of the point where the exhaust enters the dilution 
tunnel).
    (D) Be sufficiently distant (radially) from other probes and the 
tunnel wall so as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies.
    (E) Increase the gas stream temperature to 464K 11K (191 
 deg.C 11  deg.C) by the exit of the probe. The ability of 
the probe to accomplish this shall be demonstrated at typical sample 
flow rates using the insertion thermocouple technique at initial 
installation and after any major maintenance. Compliance with the 
temperature specification shall be demonstrated by monitoring during 
each test the temperature of either the gas stream or the wall of the 
sample probe at its terminus.
    (vii) The response time of the continuous measurement system shall 
be no greater than:
    (A) 1.5 seconds from an instantaneous step change at the port 
entrance to the analyzer to within 90 percent of the step change.
    (B) 20 seconds from an instantaneous step change at the entrance to 
the sample probe or overflow span gas port to within 90 percent of the 
step change. Analysis system response time shall be coordinated with CVS 
flow fluctuations and sampling time/test cycle offsets if necessary.
    (C) For the purpose of verification of response times, the step 
change shall be at least 60 percent of full-scale chart deflection.
    (4) Primary-dilution tunnel. (i) The primary dilution tunnel shall 
be:
    (A) Small enough in diameter to cause turbulent flow (Reynolds 
Number greater than 4000) and of sufficient length to cause complete 
mixing of the exhaust and dilution air;
    (B) At least 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter with a single-dilution 
system or at least 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter with a double-dilution 
system;
    (C) Constructed of electrically conductive material which does not 
react with the exhaust components; and
    (D) Electrically grounded.
    (ii) The temperature of the diluted exhaust stream inside of the 
primary dilution tunnel shall be sufficient to prevent water 
condensation.
    (iii) The engine exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point 
where it is introduced into the primary dilution tunnel.

[[Page 857]]

    (5) Continuously integrated NOX, CO, and CO2 
measurement systems. (i) The sample probe shall:
    (A) Be in the same plane as the continuous HC probe, but shall be 
sufficiently distant (radially) from other probes and the tunnel wall so 
as to be free from the influences of any wakes or eddies.
    (B) Heated and insulated over the entire length, to prevent water 
condensation, to a minimum temperature of 131  deg.F (55  deg.C). Sample 
gas temperature immediately before the first filter in the system shall 
be at least 131  deg.F (55  deg.C).
    (ii) The continuous NOX, CO, or CO2 sampling 
and analysis system shall conform to the specifications of 40 CFR part 
86, subpart D, with the following exceptions and revisions:
    (A) The system components required to be heated by subpart D need 
only be heated to prevent water condensation, the minimum component 
temperature shall be 131  deg.F (55  deg.C).
    (B) The system response defined in Sec. 86.329-79 shall be no 
greater than 20 seconds. Analysis system response time shall be 
coordinated with CVS flow fluctuations and sampling time/test cycle 
offsets, if necessary.
    (C) Alternative NOX measurement techniques outlined in 
Sec. 86.346-79 are not permitted for NOX measurement in this 
subpart.
    (D) All analytical gases shall conform to the specifications of 
Sec. 86.1314.
    (E) Any range on a linear analyzer below 155 ppm shall have and use 
a calibration curve conforming to Sec. 86.330-79.
    (F) The measurement accuracy requirements specified in Sec. 86.338-
79 are superseded by those specified in Sec. 86.1338.
    (iii) The chart deflections or voltage output of analyzers with non-
linear calibration curves shall be converted to concentration values by 
the calibration curve(s) specified in subpart D (Sec. 86.330-79) before 
flow correction (if used) and subsequent integration takes place.
    (6) Particulate sampling system. The particulate collection system 
must be configured in either of two ways. The single-dilution method 
collects a proportional sample from the primary tunnel, and then passes 
this sample through the collection filter. The double-dilution method 
collects a proportional sample from the primary tunnel, and then 
transfers this sample to a secondary dilution tunnel where the sample is 
further diluted; the double-diluted sample is then passed through the 
collection filter. Proportionality (i.e., mass flow ratio) between the 
primary tunnel flow rate and the sample flow rate must be maintained 
within 5 percent. The requirements for these two systems 
are:
    (i) Single dilution method. (A) The particulate sample probe shall 
be:
    (1) Installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and 
exhaust air are well mixed (i.e., on the primary tunnel centerline, 
approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the 
exhaust enters the primary dilution tunnel).
    (2) Sufficiently distant (radially) from other sampling probes so as 
to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies produced by the 
other probes.
    (3) 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (4) The distance from the sampling tip to the filter holder shall be 
at least 5 probe diameters for filters located inside the primary 
dilution tunnel, and not more than 40 inches (102 cm) for filters 
located outside the primary dilution tunnel.
    (5) Designed to minimize the deposition of particulate in the probe 
(i.e., bends should be as gradual as possible, protrusions (due to 
sensors, etc.) should be smooth and not sudden, etc.).
    (B) The particulate sample pump(s) shall be located sufficiently 
distant from the dilution tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature is 
maintained at a constant temperature (5  deg.F 
(2.8  deg.C)) if flow compensation is not used.
    (C) The gas meters or flow instrumentation shall be located 
sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas temperature 
remains constant (5  deg.F (2.8  deg.C)) if flow 
compensation is not used.
    (D) Other sample flow handling and/or measurement systems may be 
used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
    (ii) Double-dilution method. (A) The particulate sample transfer 
tube shall be configured and installed so that:

[[Page 858]]

    (1) The inlet faces upstream in the primary dilution tunnel at a 
point where the primary dilution air and exhaust are well mixed (i.e., 
on the primary tunnel centerline, approximately 10 tunnel diameters 
downstream of the point where the exhaust enters the primary dilution 
tunnel).
    (2) The particulate sample exits on the centerline of the secondary 
tunnel and points downstream.
    (B) The particulate sample transfer tube shall be:
    (1) Sufficiently distant (radially) from other sampling probes (in 
the primary dilution tunnel) so as to be free from the influence of any 
wakes or eddies produced by the other probes.
    (2) 0.5 in (1.3 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (3) No longer than 36 in (91 cm) from inlet plane to exit plane.
    (4) Designed to minimize the deposition of particulate during 
transfer (i.e., bends should be as gradual as possible, protrusions (due 
to sensors, etc.) should be smooth and not sudden, etc.).
    (5) Constructed of electrically conductive material which does not 
react with the exhaust components, and electrically grounded.
    (C) The secondary dilution air shall be at a temperature of 
77 deg.9  deg.F (25 deg.5  deg.C). For the first 
10 seconds this specification is 77 deg.20  deg.F 
(25 deg.11  deg.C).
    (D) The secondary-dilution tunnel shall be:
    (1) 3.0 inches (7.6 cm) minimum inside diameter.
    (2) Of sufficient length so as to provide a residence time of at 
least 0.25 seconds for the double-diluted sample.
    (3) Constructed of electrically conductive material which does not 
react with the exhaust components, and electrically grounded.
    (E) Additional dilution air must be provided so as to maintain a 
sample temperature of 125  deg.F (51.7  deg.C) or less immediately 
before the primary sample filter.
    (F) The primary filter holder shall be located within 12.0 in (30.5 
cm) of the exit of the secondary dilution tunnel.
    (G) Other sample flow handling and/or measurement systems may be 
used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
    (7) Particulate sampling filters. (i) Fluorocarbon-coated glass 
fiber filters or fluorocarbon-based (membrane) filters are required.
    (ii) Particulate filters must have a minimum diameter of 70 mm (60 
mm stain diameter). Larger diameter filters are acceptable.
    (iii) The dilute exhaust will be simultaneously sampled by a pair of 
filters (one primary and one back-up filter) during the cold-start test 
and by a second pair of filters during the hot-start test. The back-up 
filter holder shall be located no more than 4 inches (10 cm) downstream 
of the primary filter holder. The primary and back-up filters shall not 
be in contact with each other.
    (iv) It is recommended that the filter loading should be maximized 
consistent with other temperature requirements and the requirement to 
avoid moisture condensation. A filter pair loading of 1 mg is typically 
proportional to a 0.1 g/bhp-hr emission level. All particulate filters, 
reference filters, and background filters shall be handled in pairs 
during all weighing operations for emissions testing.
    (8) Methanol sampling system. The methanol sampling system, shown in 
Figure N90-2, consists of impingers (or sample collection capsules) 
containing known volumes of deionized water and sampling pump to draw 
the proportional sample through the impingers.
    (9) Formaldehyde sampling system. The formaldehyde sampling system, 
Figure N90-3, consists of sample collection impingers and sampling pump 
to draw the proportional sample through the impingers.

[54 FR 14578, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48525, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34370, June 30, 1995; 62 FR 47124, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1311-90  Exhaust gas analytical system; CVS bag sample.

    (a) Schematic drawings. Figure N90-9 is a schematic drawing of the 
exhaust gas analytical system used for analyzing CVS bag samples from 
either Otto-cycle or diesel engines. Since various configurations can 
produce accurate results, exact conformance with the drawing is not 
required. Additional components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, 
pumps and switches

[[Page 859]]

may be used to provide additional information and coordinate the 
functions of the component systems. Other components such as snubbers, 
which are not needed to maintain accuracy in some systems, may be 
excluded if their exclusion is based upon good engineering judgment.


    (b) Major component description. The analytical system, Figure N90-
9, consists of a flame ionization detector (FID) (heated for methanol-
fueled (23515  deg.F (1138  deg.C)) and for 
petroleum-

[[Page 860]]

fueled diesel (375  deg.10  deg.F (191  deg.6 
deg.C) engines) for the measurement of hydrocarbons, nondispersive 
infrared analyzers (NDIR) for the measurement of carbon monoxide and 
carbon dioxide, and a chemiluminescence analyzer (CL) for the 
measurement of oxides of nitrogen. The analytical system for methanol 
consists of a gas chromatograph (GC), equipped with a flame ionization 
detector. The analysis for formaldehyde is performed using high pressure 
liquid chromatography (HPLC) of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) 
derivatives using ultraviolet (UV) detection. The exhaust gas analytical 
system shall conform to the following requirements:
    (1) The CL requires that the nitrogen dioxide present in the sample 
be converted to nitric oxide before analysis. Other types of analyzers 
may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (2) The carbon monoxide (NDIR) analyzer may require a sample 
conditioning column containing CaSO4, or dessicating silica 
gel to remove water vapor, and containing ascarite to remove carbon 
dioxide from the CO analysis stream.
    (i) If CO instruments are used which are essentially free of 
CO2 and water vapor interference, the use of the conditioning 
column may be deleted. (See Secs. 86.1322 and 86.1342.)
    (ii) A CO instrument will be considered to be essentially free of 
CO2 and water vapor interference if its response to a mixture 
of 3 percent CO2 in N2, which has been bubbled 
through water at room temperature, produces an equivalent CO response, 
as measured on the most sensitive CO range, which is less than 1 percent 
of full scale CO concentration on ranges above 300 ppm full scale or 
less than 3 ppm on ranges below 300 ppm full scale. (See Sec. 86.1322.)
    (c) Alternate analytical systems. Analysis systems meeting the 
specifications of 40 CFR part 86 subpart D may be used for testing 
required under this subpart, with the exception of Secs. 86.346 and 
86.347, provided that the subpart D systems meet the specifications of 
this subpart. Heated analyzers may be used in their heated 
configuration.
    (d) Other analyzers and equipment. Other types of analyzers and 
equipment may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.

[54 FR 14578, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1311-94  Exhaust gas analytical system; CVS bag sample.

    (a) Schematic drawings. Figure N94-1 is a schematic drawing of the 
exhaust gas analytical system used for analyzing CVS bag samples from 
either Otto-cycle or diesel engines. Since various configurations can 
produce accurate results, exact conformance with the drawing is not 
required. Additional components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, 
pumps and switches may be used to provide additional information and 
coordinate the functions of the component systems. Other components such 
as snubbers, which are not needed to maintain accuracy in some systems, 
may be excluded if their exclusion is based upon good engineering 
judgment.
    (b) Major component description. The analytical system, Figure N94-
1, consists of a flame ionization detector (FID) (heated for methanol-
fueled (235 15  deg.F (113 8  deg.C)) and for 
petroleum-fueled diesel (375 10  deg.F (191 6 
deg.C) engines) for the measurement of hydrocarbons, a methane analyzer 
(consisting of a gas chromatograph combined with a FID) for the 
determination of CH4 (for engines subject to NMHC standards, 
where applicable), nondispersive infrared analyzers (NDIR) for the 
measurement of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and a 
chemiluminescence analyzer (CL) for the measurement of oxides of 
nitrogen. The analytical system for methanol consists of a gas 
chromatograph (GC), equipped with a flame ionization detector. The 
analysis for formaldehyde is performed using high pressure liquid 
chromatography (HPLC) of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatives 
using ultraviolet (UV) detection. The exhaust gas analytical system 
shall conform to the following requirements:
    (1) The CL requires that the nitrogen dioxide present in the sample 
be converted to nitric oxide before analysis. Other types of analyzers 
may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if

[[Page 861]]

approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (2) The carbon monoxide (NDIR) analyzer may require a sample 
conditioning column containing CaSO4, or desiccating silica 
gel to remove water vapor, and containing ascarite to remove carbon 
dioxide from the CO analysis stream.
    (i) If CO instruments are used which are essentially free of 
CO2 and water vapor interference, the use of the conditioning 
column may be deleted (see Secs. 86.1322 and 86.1342).
    (ii) A CO instrument will be considered to be essentially free of 
CO2 and water vapor interference if its response to a mixture 
of three percent CO2 in N2, which has been bubbled 
through water at room temperature, produces an equivalent CO response, 
as measured on the most sensitive CO range, which is less than one 
percent of full scale CO concentration on ranges above 300 ppm full 
scale or less than 3 ppm on ranges below 300 ppm full scale (see 
Sec. 86.1322).
    (3)(i) Using a methane analyzer consisting of a gas chromatograph 
combined with a FID, the measurement of methane shall be done in 
accordance with SAE Recommended Practice J1151, ``Methane Measurement 
Using Gas Chromatography.'' (Incorporated by reference pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1(b)(2).)
    (ii) For natural gas vehicles, the manufacturer has the option of 
using gas chromatography to measure NMHC through direct quantitation of 
individual hydrocarbon species. The manufacturer shall conform to 
standard industry practices and use good engineering judgement.
    (c) Alternate analytical systems. Analysis systems meeting the 
specifications of subpart D of this part may be used for testing 
required under this subpart, with the exception of Secs. 86.346 and 
86.347, provided that the systems in subpart D of this part meet the 
specifications of this subpart. Heated analyzers may be used in their 
heated configuration.
    (d) Other analyzers and equipment. Other types of analyzers and 
equipment may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.

[59 FR 48525, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 50073, Sept. 30, 1994; 
61 FR 127, Jan. 3, 1996; 62 FR 54730, Oct. 21, 1997]



Sec. 86.1312-88  Weighing chamber and microgram balance specifications.

    (a) Ambient conditions. (1) Temperature. The ambient temperature of 
the chamber (or room) in which the particulate filters are conditioned 
and weighed shall be maintained at 295 K  3 K (22  deg.C 
 3  deg.C) during all filter conditioning and weighing.
    (2) Humidity. The humidity of the chamber (or room) in which the 
particulate filters are conditioned and weighed shall be maintained at a 
dew point temperature of 282.5 K  3 K (9.4  deg.C 
 3  deg.C) and a relative humidity of 45% 8%. 
Either the dew point temperature or the relative humidity or both may be 
averaged over the preceding 10 minute period on a moving average basis.
    (3) The chamber (or room) environment shall be free of any ambient 
contaminates (such as dust) that would settle on the particulate filters 
during their stabilization. It is required that at least two unused 
reference filter pairs remain in the weighing room at all times in 
covered (to reduce dust contamination) but unsealed (to permit humidity 
exchange) petri dishes. These reference filter pairs shall be placed in 
the same general area as the sample filters. These reference filter 
pairs shall be weighed within 4 hours of, but preferably at the same 
time as, the sample filter pair weighings.
    (4) If the average weight of the reference filter pairs changes 
between sample filter weighings by more than 40 micrograms, then all 
sample filters and background filters in the process of stabilization 
shall be discarded and the emissions tests repeated.
    (5) If the room (or chamber) environmental conditions are not met, 
then the filters shall remain in the conditioning room for at least one 
hour after correct conditions are met prior to weighing.
    (6) The reference filter pairs shall be changed at least once a 
month, but never between clean and used

[[Page 862]]

weighings of a given sample filter pairs. More than one set of reference 
filter pair may be used. The reference filters shall be the same size 
and material as the sample filters.
    (b) Weighing balance specifications. The microgram balance used to 
determine the weights of all filters shall have a precision (standard 
deviation) of 20 micrograms and readability of 10 micrograms.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10702, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 52 FR 47871, Dec. 16, 1987; 
62 FR 47124, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1313-91  Fuel specifications.

    (a) Otto-cycle test fuel. (1) Gasoline having the specifications 
listed in table N91-1 will be used by the Administrator in exhaust 
emission testing petroleum-fueled substantially equivalent 
specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used by the 
manufacturer in exhaust emission testing, except that the octane 
specification does not apply.

                               Table N91-1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Item                                 ASTM         Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, min........  ...............  D2699...              93
Sensitivity, min.............  ...............  ........             7.5
Lead (organic)...............  g/U.S. gal. (g/  D3237...     \1\ (0.050)
                                liter).                      \1\ (0.013)
Distillation range:
  IBP........................    deg.F........  D86.....           75-95
                               (  deg.C)......  ........       (23.9-35)
  10 pct. point..............    deg.F........  D86.....         120-135
                               (  deg.C)......    ......     (48.9-57.2)
  50 pct. point..............    deg.F........  D86.....         200-230
                               (  deg.C)......    ......      (93.3-110)
  90 pct. point..............    deg.F........  D86.....         300-325
                               (  deg.C)......    ......   (148.9-162.8)
  EP.........................  max.  deg.F,...  D86.....             415
                               (  deg.C)......  ........         (212.8)
Sulphur......................  max. wt. pct...  D1266...            0.10
Phosphorus, max..............  g/U.S. gal. (g/  D3231...           0.005
                                liter).                         (0.0013)
RVP..........................  psi, (kPa).....  D323....         8.0-9.2
                                                             (60.0-63.4)
Hydrocarbon composition:
  Olefins....................  max. pct.......  D1319...              10
  Aromatics..................  max. pct.......  D1319...              35
  Saturates..................  ...............  D1319...           (\2\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.
\2\ Remainder.

    (2) Unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which 
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in 
service accumulation.
    (i) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be not higher than 
one Research octane number above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where 
sensitivity is defined as the Research octane number minus the Motor 
octane number.
    (ii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be 
characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the 
service accumulation takes place.
    (3) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing 
and in service accumulation of methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines shall 
be representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall 
consist of at least 50 percent methanol by volume.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (4) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service, 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (a)(3) of this section 
would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability, and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (5) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(a)(2), (a)(3), and (a)(4) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-21(b)(3).
    (b) Diesel Test fuel. (1) The petroleum fuels for testing diesel 
engines employed for testing shall be clean and bright, with pour and 
cloud points adequate for operability. The petroleum

[[Page 863]]

fuel may contain nonmetallic additives as follows: Cetane improver, 
metal deactivator, antioxidant, dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, 
dispersant, and biocide. Except for the sulfur content of ``Type 2-D'' 
fuel, fuels specified for emissions testing are intended to be 
representative of commercially available in-use fuels.
    (2) Petroleum fuel for diesel engines meeting the specifications in 
Table N91-2, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the 
Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emissions testing. The grade of 
petroleum fuel used shall be commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' 
grade diesel fuel except that fuel commercially designated as ``Type 1-
D'' grade diesel fuel may be substituted provided that the manufacturer 
has submitted evidence to the Administrator demonstrating to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that this fuel will be the predominant in-
use fuel. Such evidence could include such things as copies of signed 
contracts from customers indicating the intent to purchase and use 
``Type 1-D'' grade diesel fuel as the primary fuel for use in the 
engines or other evidence acceptable to the Administrator.

                                                   Table N91-2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Item                                   ASTM                    Type 1-D          Type 2-D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number............................  D613                                          48-54             42-50
Cetane Index.............................  D86                                           40-54             40-48
Distillation range:
    IBP  deg.F...........................  D86                                         330-390           340-400
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................     (165.6-198.9)     (171.1-204.4)
    10 percent point,  deg.F.............  D86                                         370-430           400-460
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................     (187.8-221.1)     (204.4-237.8)
    50 percent point,  deg.F.............  D86                                         410-480           470-540
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................       (210-248.9)     (243.3-282.2)
    90 percent point,  deg.F.............  D86                                         460-520           560-630
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................     (237.8-271.1)     (293.3-332.2)
    EP,  deg.F...........................  D86                                         500-560           610-690
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................     (260.0-293.3)     (321.1-365.6)
Gravity,  deg.API........................  D287                                          40-44             32-37
Total Sulfur, percent....................  D2622                                     0.08-0.12         0.08-0.12
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Aromatics, pct.......................  D1319 or D5186                                \1\ 8            \1\ 27
    Paraffins, Naphthenes, Olefins.......  D1319                                       ( \2\ )           ( \2\ )
Flashpoint,  deg.F.......................  D93                                             120               130
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................            (48.9)            (54.4)
    (minimum)............................  .................................  ................  ................
Viscosity, Centistokes...................  D445                                        1.6-2.0           2.0-3.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Minimum.
\2\ Remainder.

    (3) Petroleum fuel for diesel engines meeting the specifications in 
table N91-3, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the 
Administrator, shall be used in service accumulation. The grade of 
petroleum fuel used shall be commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' 
grade diesel fuel except that fuel commercially designated as ``Type 1-
D'' grade diesel fuel may be substituted provided that the manufacturer 
has submitted evidence to the Administrator demonstrating to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that this fuel will be the predominant in-
use fuel. Such evidence could include such things as copies of signed 
contracts from customers indicating the intent to purchase and use 
``Type 1-D'' grade diesel fuel as the primary fuel for use in the 
engines or other evidence acceptable to the Administrator.

                                                   Table N91-3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Item                                  ASTM        Type 1-D           Type 2-D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number....................................................     D613              42-56              30-58
Distillation range:
  90 pct. point,  deg.F..........................................      D86            440-530            540-630
    (  deg.C)....................................................  .......      (226.7-276.7)      (282.2-332.2)

[[Page 864]]

 
Gravity,  deg.API................................................     D287              39-45              30-42
Total sulfur, pct................................................    D2622          0.08-0.12          0.08-0.12
Flashpoint, min.,  deg.F.........................................      D93                120                130
  (  deg.C)......................................................  .......             (48.9)             (54.4)
Viscosity, centistokes...........................................     D455            1.2-2.2            1.5-4.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing 
and in service accumulation of methanol-fueled diesel engines shall be 
representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall consist 
of at least 50 percent methanol by volume.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (b)(4) of 
this section.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (5) Other fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation 
provided:
    (i) They are commercially available, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service, 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) or 
(b)(4) of this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or 
durability, and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (6) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(4), and (b)(5) of this section shall be reported in 
accordance with Sec. 86.090-21(b)(3).
    (c) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section 
may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (d) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
vehicles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust 
and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for flexible 
fuel vehicles shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for which the 
vehicle was designed.
    (2) Manufacturer testing and service accumulation may be performed 
using only those mixtures (mixtures may be different for exhaust 
testing, evaporative testing, and service accumulation) expected to 
result in the highest emissions, provided:
    (i) The fuels which constitute the mixture will be used in customer 
service, and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided by 
the manufacturer to show that the designated fuel mixtures would result 
in the highest emissions, and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.090-
21(b)(3).

[55 FR 34147, Aug. 21, 1990, as amended at 58 FR 21401, Apr. 21, 1993; 
62 FR 47125, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1313-94  Fuel specifications.

    (a) Gasoline fuel. (1) Gasoline having the specifications listed in 
table N94-1 will be used by the Administrator in exhaust emission 
testing. Gasoline having these specifications or substantially 
equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used 
by the manufacturer in exhaust emission testing, except that the octane 
specification does not apply.

                               Table N94-1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Item                           ASTM      Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, research, min..............................    D2699          93
Sensitivity, min...................................  .......         7.5
Lead (organic), g/U.S. gal. (g/liter)..............    D3237  \1\ (0.050
                                                                       )
                                                              \1\ (0.013
                                                                       )
Distillation range:
    IBP,  deg.F (  deg.C)..........................      D86       75-95
                                                               (23.9-35)
    10 pct. point,  deg.F (  deg.C)................      D86     120-135
                                                              (48.9-57.2
                                                                       )
    50 pct. point,  deg.F (  deg.C)................      D86     200-230
                                                              (93.3-110)

[[Page 865]]

 
    90 pct. point,  deg.F (  deg.C)................      D86     300-325
                                                              (148.9-162
                                                                     .8)
    EP, max.  deg.F (  deg.C)......................      D86         415
                                                                 (212.8)
    Sulphur, Max., wt. pct.........................    D1266        0.10
    Phosphorus, max., g/U.S. gal. (g/liter)........    D3231       0.005
                                                                (0.0013)
    RVP, psi (kPa).................................     D323     8.0-9.2
                                                              (60.0-63.4
                                                                       )
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Olefins, max. pct..............................    D1319          10
    Aromatics, max. pct............................    D1319          35
    Saturates......................................    D1319       (\2\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum.
\2\ Remainder.

    (2)(i) Unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which 
will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in 
service accumulation.
    (ii) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall not be higher than 
one Research octane number above the minimum recommended by the 
manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where 
sensitivity is defined as the Research octane number minus the Motor 
octane number.
    (iii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be 
characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the 
service accumulation takes place.
    (3) The specification range of the gasoline to be used under 
paragraph (a) of this section shall be reported in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).
    (b) Petroleum diesel test fuel. (1) The petroleum fuels for testing 
diesel engines employed for testing shall be clean and bright, with pour 
and cloud points adequate for operability. The petroleum diesel fuel may 
contain nonmetallic additives as follows: Cetane improver, metal 
deactivator, antioxidant, dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, 
dispersant and biocide. Fuels specified for emissions testing are 
intended to be representative of commercially available in-use fuels.
    (2) Petroleum fuel for diesel engines meeting the specifications in 
Table N94-2, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the 
Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emissions testing. The grade of 
petroleum fuel used shall be commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' 
grade diesel fuel except that fuel commercially designated at ``Type 1-
D'' grade diesel fuel may be substituted provided that the manufacturer 
has submitted evidence to the Administrator demonstrating to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that this fuel will be the predominant in-
use fuel. Such evidence could include such things as copies of signed 
contracts from customers indicating the intent to purchase and use 
``Type 1-D'' grade diesel fuel as the primary fuel for use in the 
engines or other evidence acceptable to the Administrator.

                                                   Table N94-2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Item                                   ASTM                    Type 1-D          Type 2-D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number............................  D613                                          40-54             40-48
Cetane Index.............................  D976                                          40-54             40-48
Distillation range:
    IBP  deg.F...........................  D86                                         330-390           340-400
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................     (165.6-198.9)     (171.1-204.4)
    10 percent point,  deg.F.............  D86                                         370-430           400-460
    (  deg.C)............................  (187.8-221.1)                         (204.4-237.8)
    50 percent point,  deg.F.............  D86                                         410-480           470-540
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................       (210-248.9)     (243.3-282.2)
    90 percent point,  deg.F.............  D86                                         460-520           560-630
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................     (237.8-271.1)     (293.3-332.2)
    EP,  deg.F...........................  D86                                         500-560           610-690
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................     (260.0-293.3)     (321.1-365.6)
Gravity,  deg.API........................  D287                                          40-44             32-37
Total Sulfur, percent....................  D2622                                     0.03-0.05         0.03-0.05
Hydrocarbon composition:
    Aromatics, pct.......................  D1319 or D5186                                \1\ 8            \1\ 27
    Paraffins, Naphthenes, Olefins.......  D1319                                       ( \2\ )           ( \2\ )
Flashpoint,  deg.F.......................  D93                                             120               130
    (  deg.C)............................  .................................            (48.9)            (54.4)
    (minimum)............................  .................................  ................  ................

[[Page 866]]

 
Viscosity, Centistokes...................  D445                                        1.6-2.0           2.0-3.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Minimum.
\2\ Remainder.

    (3) Petroleum diesel fuel for diesel engines meeting the 
specifications in table N94-3, or substantially equivalent 
specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used in service 
accumulation. The grade of petroleum diesel fuel used shall be 
commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' grade diesel fuel except that 
fuel commercially designated as ``Type 1-D'' grade diesel fuel may be 
substituted provided that the manufacturer has submitted evidence to the 
Administrator demonstrating to the Administrator's satisfaction that 
this fuel will be the predominant in-use fuel. Such evidence could 
include such things as copies of signed contracts from customers 
indicating the intent to purchase and use ``Type 1-D'' grade diesel fuel 
as the primary fuel for use in the engines or other evidence acceptable 
to the Administrator.

                                                   Table N94-3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Item                                  ASTM        Type 1-D           Type 2-D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number....................................................     D613              40-56              30-58
Cetane Index.....................................................     D976            Min. 40            Min. 40
Distillation range:
    90 pct. point  deg.F (  deg.C)...............................      D86            440-530            540-630
                                                                                (226.7-276.7)      (282.2-332.2)
Gravity  deg.API.................................................     D287              39-45              30-42
Total sulfur, min. pct...........................................    D2622          0.03-0.05          0.03-0.05
Flashpoint, min.  deg.F (  deg.C)................................      D93                120                130
                                                                                       (48.9)               54.4
Viscosity, centistokes...........................................     D445            1.2-2.2            1.5-4.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) Other petroleum distillate fuels may be used for testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available; and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of 
this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; 
and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (5) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraph 
(b) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-
21(b)(3).
    (c) Methanol-fuel. (1) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and 
evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation of methanol-
fueled engines shall be representative of commercially available 
methanol fuel and shall consist of at least 50 percent methanol by 
volume.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for 
testing and service accumulation.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used 
for testing and service accumulation.
    (2) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available; and
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (b)(4)(c)(1) of this 
section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and
    (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.

[[Page 867]]

    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).
    (d) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel 
vehicles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust 
emission testing and service accumulation for flexible fuel vehicles 
shall consist of the methanol and petroleum fuels listed in paragraph 
(a) or (b) of this section, and shall be within the range of fuel 
mixtures for which the vehicle was designed, as reported in accordance 
with Sec. 86.94-21. The Administrator may use any fuel mixture within 
this range for testing.
    (2) The fuel mixtures used by the manufacturers shall be sufficient 
to demonstrate compliance over the full design range, and shall include:
    (i) For emission testing:
    (A) A petroleum fuel specified in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of 
this section;
    (B) A methanol fuel representative of the methanol fuel expected to 
the found in use.
    (ii) For service accumulation, an alternating combination of the 
fuels specified in paragraphs (a) or (b), and (c) of this section that, 
based on good engineering judgement, demonstrates the durability of the 
emissions control system. The combination shall be selected such that 
the cumulative volumes of both the methanol fuel and the petroleum fuel 
used shall be at least 25 percent of the total fuel volume. The fuels 
shall be or alternated at intervals not to exceed 500 hours.
    (iii) Or, other combinations for testing and/or service accumulation 
which demonstrate compliance with the standards over the entire design 
range of the vehicle, provided that written approval is obtained from 
the Administrator prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under this 
paragraph (d) shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21.
    (e) Natural gas-fuel. (1) Natural gas-fuel having the following 
specifications will be used by the Administrator for exhaust and 
evaporative emission testing of natural gas-fueled engines:

              Natural Gas Certification Fuel Specifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           ASTM
                                                           test
               Item                                       method   Value
                                                           No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane...........................  min. mole pct.         D1945    89.0
Ethane............................  max. mole pct.         D1945     4.5
C3 and higher.....................  max. mole pct.         D1945     2.3
C6 and higher.....................  max. mole pct.         D1945     0.2
Oxygen............................  max. mole pct.         D1945     0.6
Inert gases:
  Sum of CO2 and N2...............  max. mole pct.         D1945     4.0
Odorant 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The natural gas at ambient conditions must have a distinctive odor
  potent enough for its presence to be detected down to a concentration
  in air of not over \1/5\ (one-fifth) of the lower limit of
  flammability.

    (2) Natural gas-fuel representative of commercial natural gas-fuel 
and which will be generally available through retail outlets shall be 
used in service accumulation.
    (3) Other natural gas-fuels may be used for testing and service 
accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; 
and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (4) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).
    (f) Liquified petroleum gas-fuel. (1) Liquified petroleum gas-fuel 
used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and in service 
accumulation shall be commercially available liquefied petroleum gas-
fuel.
    (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel 
to be used for testing and service accumulation.
    (ii) The Administrator shall determine the liquefied petroleum gas-
fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation.
    (2) Other liquefied petroleum gas-fuels may be used for testing and 
service accumulation provided:
    (i) They are commercially available;
    (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to 
show

[[Page 868]]

that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and
    (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel 
specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing.
    (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs 
(f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section shall be measured in accordance with 
ASTM D2163-91 and reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3).
    (g) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section 
may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator.

[59 FR 48528, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34371, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47125, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1313-98  Fuel specifications.

    Section 86.1313-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1313-94. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1313-94 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1313-98, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1313-94''.
    (a) through (b)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1313-94.
    (b)(2) Petroleum fuel for diesel engines meeting the specifications 
in Table N98-2, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by 
the Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emissions testing. The grade 
of petroleum fuel used shall be commercially designated as ``Type 2-D'' 
grade diesel fuel except that fuel commercially designated at ``Type 1-
D'' grade diesel fuel may be substituted provided that the manufacturer 
has submitted evidence to the Administrator demonstrating to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that this fuel will be the predominant in-
use fuel. Such evidence could include such things as copies of signed 
contracts from customers indicating the intent to purchase and use 
``Type 1-D'' grade diesel fuel as the primary fuel for use in the 
engines or other evidence acceptable to the Administrator.

                                                   Table N98-2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Item                                       ASTM test method No.      Type 1-D          Type 2-D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number.................                         D 613                             40-54             40-50
Cetane Index..................                         D 976                             40-54             40-50
Distillation range:
  IBP.........................   deg.F                 D 86                            330-390           340-400
                                ( deg.C)                                         (165.6-198.9)     (171.1-204.4)
  10 pct. point...............   deg.F                 D 86                            370-430           400-460
                                ( deg.C)                                         (187.8-221.1)     (204.4-237.8)
  50 pct. point...............   deg.F                 D 86                            410-480           470-540
                                ( deg.C)                                         (210.0-248.9)     (243.3-282.2)
  90 pct. point...............   deg.F                 D 86                            460-520           560-630
                                ( deg.C)                                         (237.8-271-1)     (293.3-332.2)
  EP..........................   deg.F                 D 86                            500-560           610-690
                                ( deg.C)                                         (260.0-293.3)     (321.1-365.6)
Gravity.......................   deg.API               D 287                             40-44             32-37
Total sulfur..................  pct.                   D 2622                        0.03-0.05         0.03-0.05
Hydrocarbon composition:
  Aromatics, minimum..........  pct.                   D 5186                                8                27
  Paraffins, Naphthenes,                               D 1319                                1                 1
   Olefins.
Flashpoint, min...............   deg.F                 D 93                                120               130
                                ( deg.C)                                                (48.9)            (54.4)
Viscosity.....................  centistokes            D 445                           1.6-2.0          2.0-3.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Remainder.

    (b)(3) through (e) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1313-94.

[62 FR 47126, Sept. 5, 1997, as amended at 65 FR 8278, Feb. 18, 2000]



Sec. 86.1314-84  Analytical gases.

    (a) Gases for the CO and CO2 analyzers shall be single 
blends of CO and CO2, respectively, using nitrogen as the 
diluent.

[[Page 869]]

    (b) Gases for the hydrocarbon analyzer shall be single blends of 
propane using air as the diluent.
    (c) Gases for the NOX analyzer shall be single blends of 
NO named as NOX with a maximum NO2 concentration 
of 5 percent of the nominal value using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (d) Fuel for the FID shall be a blend of 402 percent 
hydrogen with the balance being helium. The mixture shall contain less 
than 1 ppm equivalent carbon response; 98 to 100 percent hydrogen fuel 
may be used with advance approval of the Administrator.
    (e) The allowable zero gas (air or nitrogen) impurity concentrations 
shall not exceed 1 ppm equivalent carbon response, 1 ppm carbon 
monoxide, 0.04 percent (400 ppm) carbon dioxide and 0.1 ppm nitric 
oxide.
    (f)(1) ``Zero-grade air'' includes artificial ``air'' consisting of 
a blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentrations between 18 and 
21 mole percent.
    (2) Calibration gases shall be accurate to within 1 
percent of NBS gas standards, or other gas standards which have been 
approved by the Administrator.
    (3) Span gases shall be accurate to within 2 percent of 
NBS gas standards, or other gas standards which have been approved by 
the Administrator.
    (g) The use of precision blending devices (gas dividers) to obtain 
the required calibration gas concentrations is acceptable, provided that 
the blended gases are accurate to within 1.5 percent of NBS 
gas standards, or other gas standards which have been approved by the 
Administrator. This accuracy implies that primary gases used for 
blending must be ``named'' to an accuracy of at least 1 
percent, traceable to NBS or other approved gas standards.

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48144, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.1314-94  Analytical gases.

    (a) Gases for the CO and CO2 analyzers shall be single 
blends of CO and CO2, respectively, using nitrogen as the 
diluent.
    (b) Gases for the hydrocarbon analyzer shall be:
    (1) Single blends of propane using air as the diluent; and
    (2) Optionally, for response factor determination, single blends of 
methanol using air as the diluent.
    (c) Gases for the methane analyzer shall be single blends of methane 
using air as the diluent.
    (d) Gases for the NOX analyzer shall be single blends of 
NO named as NOX with a maximum NO2 concentration 
of five percent of the nominal value using nitrogen as the diluent.
    (e) Fuel for FIDs and HFIDs and methane analyzers shall be a blend 
of 40 2 percent hydrogen with the balance being helium. The 
mixture shall contain less than 1 ppm equivalent carbon response. 98 to 
100 percent hydrogen fuel may be used with advance approval by the 
Administrator.
    (f) The allowable zero gas (air or nitrogen) impurity concentrations 
shall not exceed 1 ppm equivalent carbon response, 1 ppm carbon 
monoxide, 0.04 percent (400 ppm) carbon dioxide and 0.1 ppm nitric 
oxide.
    (g)(1) ``Zero-grade air'' includes artificial ``air'' consisting of 
a blend of nitrogen and oxygen with oxygen concentrations between 18 and 
21 mole percent.
    (2) Calibration gases (not including methanol) shall be traceable to 
within one percent of NIST (formerly NBS) gas standards, or other gas 
standards which have been approved by the Administrator.
    (3) Span gases (not including methanol) shall be accurate to within 
two percent of true concentration, where true concentration refers to 
NIST (formerly NBS) gas standards, or other gas standards which have 
been approved by the Administrator.
    (4) Methanol in air gases used for response factor determination 
shall:
    (i) Be traceable to within 2 percent of NIST (formerly 
NBS) gas standards, or other standards which have been approved by the 
Administrator; and
    (ii) Remain within 2 percent of the labeled 
concentration. Demonstration of stability shall be based on a quarterly 
measurement procedure with a precision of 2 percent (two 
standard deviations), or other method approved

[[Page 870]]

by the Administrator. The measurement procedure may incorporate multiple 
measurements. If the true concentration of the gas changes by more than 
two percent, but less than ten percent, the gas may be relabeled with 
the new concentration.
    (h) The use of precision blending devices (gas dividers) to obtain 
the required calibration gas concentrations is acceptable, provided that 
the blended gases are accurate to within 1.5 percent of NBS 
gas standards, or other gas standards which have been approved by the 
Administrator. This accuracy implies that primary gases used for 
blending must be ``named'' to an accuracy of at least 1 
percent, traceable to NBS or other approved gas standards.

[59 FR 48530, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34371, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1316-90  Calibrations; frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in Secs. 86.1318 
through 86.1326.
    (b) At least monthly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) Calibrate the hydrocarbon analyzer, carbon dioxide analyzer, 
carbon monoxide analyzer, oxides of nitrogen analyzer, methanol analyzer 
and formaldehyde analyzer (certain analyzers may require more frequent 
calibration depending on the equipment and use). New calibration curves 
need not be generated each month if the existing curve meets the 
requirements of Secs. 86.1321 through 86.1324.
    (2) Calibrate the engine dynamometer flywheel torque and speed 
measurement transducers, and calculate the feedback signals to the cycle 
verification equipment.
    (3) Check the oxides of nitrogen converter efficiency.
    (c) At least weekly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following checks shall be performed:
    (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Perform a CVS system verification.
    (3) Check the shaft torque feedback signal at steady-state 
conditions by comparing:
    (i) Shaft torque feedback to dynamometer beam load, or
    (ii) By comparing in-line torque to armature current, or
    (iii) By checking the in-line torque meter with a dead weight per 
Sec. 86.1308(e).
    (d) The CVS positive displacement pump or critical flow venturi 
shall be calibrated following initial installation, major maintenance or 
as necessary when indicated by the CVS system verification (described in 
Sec. 86.1319).
    (e) Sample conditioning columns, if used in the CO analyzer train, 
should be checked at a frequency consistent with observed column life or 
when the indicator of the column packing begins to show deterioration.
    (f) For diesel fuel testing only. The carbon monoxide analyzer shall 
be calibrated at least every two months or after any maintenance which 
could alter calibration.

[54 FR 14591, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993; 62 
FR 47126, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1316-94  Calibrations; frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in Secs. 86.1318 
through 86.1326.
    (b) At least monthly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following calibrations and checks shall be performed:
    (1) Calibrate the hydrocarbon analyzer, carbon dioxide analyzer, 
carbon monoxide analyzer, and oxides of nitrogen analyzer (certain 
analyzers may require more frequent calibration depending on the 
equipment and use). New calibration curves need not be generated each 
month if the existing curve meets the requirements of Secs. 86.1321 
through 86.1324.
    (2) Calibrate the engine dynamometer flywheel torque and speed 
measurement transducers, and calculate the feedback signals to the cycle 
verification equipment.
    (3) Check the oxides of nitrogen converter efficiency.
    (c) At least weekly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the following checks shall be performed:
    (1) Perform a CVS system verification.

[[Page 871]]

    (2) Check the shaft torque feedback signal at steady-state 
conditions by comparing:
    (i) Shaft torque feedback to dynamometer beam load; or
    (ii) By comparing in-line torque to armature current; or
    (iii) By checking the in-line torque meter with a dead weight per 
Sec. 86.1308(e).
    (d) The CVS positive displacement pump or critical flow venturi 
shall be calibrated following initial installation, major maintenance or 
as necessary when indicated by the CVS system verification (described in 
Sec. 86.1319).
    (e) Sample conditioning columns, if used in the CO analyzer train, 
should be checked at a frequency consistent with observed column life or 
when the indicator of the column packing begins to show deterioration.
    (f) For diesel fuel testing only. The carbon monoxide analyzer shall 
be calibrated at least every two months or after any maintenance which 
could alter calibration.

[59 FR 48530, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34371, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47126, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1318-84  Engine dynamometer system calibrations.

    (a) The engine flywheel torque and engine speed measurement 
transducers shall be calibrated at least once each month with the 
calibration equipment described in Sec. 86.1308-84.
    (b) The engine flywheel torque feedback signals to the cycle 
verification equipment shall be electronically checked before each test, 
and adjusted as necessary.
    (c) Other engine dynamometer system calibrations shall be performed 
as dictated by good engineering practice.
    (d) When calibrating the engine flywheel torque transducer, any 
lever arm used to convert a weight or a force through a distance into a 
torque shall be used in a horizontal position (5 degrees).
    (e) Calibrated resistors may not be used for engine flywheel torque 
transducer calibration, but may be used to span the transducer prior to 
engine testing.



Sec. 86.1319-84  CVS calibration.

    (a) The CVS is calibrated using an accurate flowmeter and restrictor 
valve. The flowmeter calibration shall be traceable to the NBS, and will 
serve as the reference value (NBS ``true'' value) for the CVS 
calibration. (Note: In no case should an upstream screen or other 
restriction which can affect the flow be used ahead of the flowmeter 
unless calibrated throughout the flow range with such a device.) The CVS 
calibration procedures are designed for use of a ``metering venturi'' 
type flowmeter. Large radius or ASME flow nozzles are considered 
equivalent if traceable to NBS measurements. Other measurement systems 
may be used if shown to be equivalent under the test conditions in this 
action and traceable to NBS measurements. Measurements of the various 
flowmeter parameters are recorded and related to flow through the CVS. 
Procedures used by EPA for both PDP- and CFV-CVS's are outlined below. 
Other procedures yielding equivalent results may be used if approved in 
advance by the Administrator.
    (b) After the calibration curve has been obtained, verification of 
the entire system may be performed by injecting a known mass of gas into 
the system and comparing the mass indicated by the system to the true 
mass injected. An indicated error does not necessarily mean that the 
calibration is wrong, since other factors can influence the accuracy of 
the system (e.g., analyzer calibration, leaks, or HC hangup). A 
verification procedure is found in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (c) PDP calibration. (1) The following calibration procedure 
outlines the equipment, the test configuration, and the various 
parameters which must be measured to establish the flow rate of the CVS 
pump.
    (i) All the parameters related to the pump are simultaneously 
measured with the parameters related to a flowmeter which is connected 
in series with the pump.
    (ii) The calculated flow rate, ft3/min. (at a pump inlet 
absolute pressure and temperature), can then be plotted versus a 
correlation function which is the value of a specific combination of 
pump parameters.

[[Page 872]]

    (iii) The linear equation which relates the pump flow and the 
correlation function is then determined.
    (iv) In the event that a CVS has a multiple speed drive, a 
calibration for each range used must be performed.
    (2) This calibration procedure is based on the measurement of the 
absolute values of the pump and flowmeter parameters that relate the 
flow rate at each point. Two conditions must be maintained to assure the 
accuracy and integrity of the calibration curve:
    (i) The temperature stability must be maintained during calibration. 
(Flowmeters are sensitive to inlet temperature oscillations; this can 
cause the data points to be scattered. Gradual changes in temperature 
are acceptable as long as they occur over a period of several minutes.)
    (ii) All connections and ducting between the flowmeter and the CVS 
pump must be absolutely void of leakage.
    (3) During an exhaust emission test the measurement of these same 
pump parameters enables the user to calculate the flow rate from the 
calibration equation.
    (4) Connect a system as shown in Figure N84-6. Although particular 
types of equipment are shown, other configurations that yield equivalent 
results may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. For the 
system indicated, the following measurements and accuracies are 
required:



                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Parameter                    Symbol                 Units               Sensor-readout tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected)...  PB...............  In. Hg (kPa).............  plus-minus.10 in. Hg (plus-
                                                                                   minus.340 kPa).
Ambient temperature...............  TA...............    deg.F (  deg.C)........  plus-minus.5  deg.F (plus-
                                                                                   minus.28  deg.C).
Air temperature into metering       ETI..............    deg.F (  deg.C)........  plus-minus2.0  deg.F (plus-
 venturi.                                                                          minus1.11  deg.C).
Pressure drop between the inlet     EDP..............  In. H2O (kPa)............  plus-minus.05 in. H2O (plus-
 and throat of metering venturi.                                                   minus.012 kPa).
Air flow..........................  QS...............  Ft3/min. (m3/min.).......  plus-minus.5% of NBS ``true''
                                                                                   value.
Air temperature at CVS pump inlet.  PTI..............    deg.F (  deg.C)........  plus-minus2.0  deg.F (plus-
                                                                                   minus1.11  deg.C).
Pressure depression at CVS pump     PPI..............  In. Fluid (kPa)..........  plus-minus.13 in. Fluid (plus-
 inlet.                                                                            minus.055 kPa).
Specific gravity of manometer       Sp. G............  .........................  ..............................
 fluid (1.75 oil).
Pressure head at CVS pump outlet..  PPO..............  In. Fluid (kPa)..........  plus-minus.13 in. Fluid (plus-
                                                                                   minus.055 kPa).
Air temperature at CVS pump outlet  PTO..............    deg.F (  deg.C)........  plus-minus2.0  deg.F (plus-
 (optional).                                                                       minus1.11  deg.C).
Pump revolutions during test        N................  Revs.....................  plus-minus1 Rev.
 period.
Elapsed time for test period......  t................  s........................  plus-minus.5 s.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 873]]

    (5) After the system has been connected as shown in Figure N84-6, 
set the variable restrictor in the wide open position and run the CVS 
pump for 20 minutes. Record the calibration data.
    (6) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an 
increment of pump inlet depression that will yield a minimum of six data 
points for the total calibration. Allow the system to stabilize for 3 
minutes and repeat the data acquisition.
    (7) Data analysis: (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each 
test point is calculated in standard cubic feet per minute (68  deg.F, 
29.92" Hg) from the flowmeter data using the manufacturer's prescribed 
method.
    (ii) The air flow rate is then converted to pump flow, 
Vo, in cubic feet per revolution at absolute pump inlet 
temperature and pressure:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.204

Where:
Vo=Pump flow, ft3/revolution (m3/
          revolution) at Tp, Pp
Qs=Meter air flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute, 
standard conditions are 68  deg.F, 29.92 inches Hg (20  deg.C, 101.3 
kPa)
n=Pump speed in revolutions per minute
Tp=Pump inlet temperature  deg.R( deg.K)
=PTI + 460 ( deg.R), or
=PTI + 273 ( deg.K)
Pp=Absolute pump inlet pressure, inches Hg (kPa)
=PB - PPI (Sp. Gr./13.5955) and
=PB - PPI for SI units
Where:
PB=barometric pressure, inches Hg (kPa)
PPI=Pump inlet depression, inches fluid (kPa)
Sp. Gr.=Specific gravity of manometer fluid

    (iii) The correlation function at each test point is then calculated 
from the calibration data.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.205

Where:

Xo = correlation function.
P = The pressure differential from pump 
inlet to pump outlet, inches Hg (kPa).
 = Pe - Pp
Pe = Absolute pump outlet pressure, inches Hg (kPa)
 = PB + PPO(Sp. Gr./13.5955) and
 = PB for SI units

Where:

PPO = Pressure head at pump outlet, inches fluid (kPa).

    (iv) A linear least squares fit is performed to generate the 
calibration equation which has the form:

    Vo=Do - M(Xo)

    Do and M are the intercept and slope constants, 
respectively, describing the regression lines.
    (8) A CVS system that has multiple speeds should be calibrated on 
each speed used. The calibration curves generated for the ranges will be 
approximately parallel and the intercept values, Do, will 
increase as the pump flow range decreases.
    (9) If the calibration has been performed carefully, the calculated 
values from the equation will be within 0.50 percent of the 
measured value of Vo. Values of M will vary from one pump to 
another, but values of Do for pumps of the same make, model 
and range should agree within 3 percent of each other. 
Particulate influx over time will cause the pump slip to decrease, as 
reflected by lower values for M. Calibrations should be performed at 
pump start-up and after major maintenance to assure the stability of the 
pump slip rate. Analysis of mass injection data will also reflect pump 
slip stability.
    (d) CFV calibration. (1) Calibration of the CFV is based upon the 
flow equation for a critical venturi. Gas flow is a function of inlet 
pressure and temperature:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.206


The calibration procedure described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section 
establishes the value of the calibration coefficient at measured values 
of pressure, temperature and air flow.
    (2) The manufacturer's recommended procedure shall be followed for 
calibrating electronic portions of the CFV.
    (3) Measurements necessary for flow calibration are as follows:

[[Page 874]]



                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Parameter                        Symbol                    Units                 Tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected).......  Pb                      Inches Hg (kPa).........  .01 in Hg
                                                                                           (.034
                                                                                           kPa).
Air temperature, flowmeter............  ETI                       deg.F (  deg.C).......  .25  deg.F
                                                                                           (.14
                                                                                           deg.C).
Pressure depression upstream of LFE...  EPI                     Inches H2O (kPa)........  .05 in H2O
                                                                                           (.012
                                                                                           kPa).
Pressure drop across LFE matrix.......  EDP                     Inches H2O (kPa)........  .005 in
                                                                                           H2O (.001
                                                                                           kPa).
Air flow..............................  Qs                      Ft\3\/min. (m\3\/min,)..  .5 pct.
CFV inlet depression..................  PPI                     Inches fluid (kPa)......  .13 in
                                                                                           fluid (.055 kPa).
Temperature at venturi inlet..........  Tv                        deg.F (  deg.C).......  0.5  deg.F
                                                                                           (0.28
                                                                                           deg.C).
Specific gravity of manometer fluid     Sp. Gr
 (1.75 oil).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) Set up equipment as shown in Figure N84-7 and eliminate leaks. 
(Leaks between the flow measuring devices and the critical flow venturi 
will seriously affect the accuracy of the calibration.)
    (5) Set the variable flow restrictor to the open position, start the 
blower, and allow the system to stabilize. Record data from all 
instruments.
    (6) Vary the flow restrictor and make at least eight readings across 
the critical flow range of the venturi.
    (7) Data analysis. The data recorded during the calibration are to 
be used in the following calculations:
    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is calculated in 
standard cubic feet per minute from the flow meter data using the 
manufacturer's prescribed method.
    (ii) Calculate values of the calibration coefficient for each test 
point:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.207

    (iii) Plot Kv as a function of venturi inlet pressure. 
For choked flow, Kv will have a relatively constant value. As 
pressure decreases (vacuum increases), the venturi becomes unchoked and 
Kv decreases. (See Figure N84-8.)

[[Page 875]]



    (iv) For a minimum of 8 points in the critical region calculate an 
average Kv and the standard deviation.
    (v) If the standard deviation exceeds 0.3 percent of the average 
Kv, take corrective action.
    (e) CVS system verification. The following ``gravimetric'' technique 
can be used to verify that the CVS and analytical instruments can 
accurately measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system. 
(Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow metering using 
critical flow orifice devices.)
    (1) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane.
    (2) Determine the weight of the reference propane cylinder to an 
accuracy of 0.2 percent or less of the actual amount of 
propane discharged into the system.
    (3) Operate the CVS in the normal manner and release a quantity of 
pure propane into the system during the sampling period (approximately 5 
minutes).
    (4) The calculations of Sec. 86.1342 are performed in the normal way 
except in the case of propane. The density of propane (17.30 g/
ft3/carbon atom (0.6109 kg/m3/carbon atom)) is 
used in place of the density of exhaust hydrocarbons.
    (5) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the CVS measured mass 
and then divided by the gravimetric mass to determine the percent 
accuracy of the system.
    (6) Good engineering practice requires that the cause for any 
discrepancy greater than  2 percent must be found and 
corrected.

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48144, Dec. 10, 1984; 
52 FR 47871, Dec. 16, 1987; 63 FR 24449, May 4, 1998]



Sec. 86.1319-90  CVS calibration.

    (a) The CVS is calibrated using an accurate flowmeter and restrictor 
valve. The flowmeter calibration shall be traceable to the NBS, and will 
serve as the reference value (NBS ``true'' value) for the CVS 
calibration. (Note: In no case should an upstream screen or other 
restriction which can affect the

[[Page 876]]

flow be used ahead of the flowmeter unless calibrated throughout the 
flow range with such a device.) The CVS calibration procedures are 
designed for use of a ``metering venturi'' type flowmeter. Large radius 
or ASME flow nozzles are considered equivalent if traceable to NBS 
measurements. Other measurement systems may be used if shown to be 
equivalent under the test conditions in this section and traceable to 
NBS measurements. Measurements of the various flowmeter parameters are 
recorded and related to flow through the CVS. Procedures used by EPA for 
both PDP-CVS and CFV-CVS are outlined below. Other procedures yielding 
equivalent results may be used if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (b) After the calibration curve has been obtained, verification of 
the entire system may be performed by injecting a known mass of gas into 
the system and comparing the mass indicated by the system to the true 
mass injected. An indicated error does not necessarily mean that the 
calibration is wrong, since other factors can influence the accuracy of 
the system (e.g., analyzer calibration, leaks, or HC hangup). A 
verification procedure is found in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (c) PDP calibration. (1) The following calibration procedure 
outlines the equipment, the test configuration, and the various 
parameters which must be measured to establish the flow rate of the CVS 
pump.
    (i) All the parameters related to the pump are simultaneously 
measured with the parameters related to a flowmeter which is connected 
in series with the pump.
    (ii) The calculated flow rate, ft \3\/min, (at pump inlet absolute 
pressure and temperature) can then be plotted versus a correlation 
function which is the value of a specific combination of pump 
parameters.
    (iii) The linear equation which relates the pump flow and the 
correlation function is then determined.
    (iv) In the event that a CVS has a multiple speed drive, a 
calibration for each range used must be performed.
    (2) This calibration procedure is based on the measurement of the 
absolute values of the pump and flowmeter parameters that relate the 
flow rate at each point. Two conditions must be maintained to assure the 
accuracy and integrity of the calibration curve:
    (i) The temperature stability must be maintained during calibration. 
(Flowmeters are sensitive to inlet temperature oscillations; this can 
cause the data points to be scattered. Gradual changes in temperature 
are acceptable as long as they occur over a period of several minutes.)
    (ii) All connections and ducting between the flowmeter and the CVS 
pump must be absolutely void of leakage.
    (3) During an exhaust emission test the measurement of these same 
pump parameters enables the user to calculate the flow rate from the 
calibration equation.
    (4) Connect a system as shown in Figure N84-6. Although particular 
types of equipment are shown, other configurations that yield equivalent 
results may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. For the 
system indicated, the following measurements and accuracies are 
required:

                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              Sensor-readout
              Parameter                        Symbol                    Units                  tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected)......  PB                      in. Hg (kPa).............  0.10 in.
                                                                                           Hg (0.340
                                                                                           kPa).
Ambient temperature..................  TA                        deg.F (  deg.C)........  0.5  deg.F
                                                                                           (0.28
                                                                                           deg.C).
Air temperature into metering venturi  ETI                       deg.F (  deg.C)........  2.0  deg.F
                                                                                           (1.1
                                                                                           deg.C).
Pressure drop between the inlet and    EDP                     in. H20 (kPa)............  0.05 in
 throat of metering venturi.                                                               H2O (0.012 kPa).
Air flow.............................  QS                      ft\3\/min (m3/min).......  0.5% of
                                                                                           NBS ``true'' value.

[[Page 877]]

 
Air temperature at CVS pump inlet....  PTI                       deg.F (  deg.C)........  2.0  deg.F
                                                                                           (1.1
                                                                                           deg.C).
Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet  PPI                     in. Fluid (kPa)..........  0.13 in.
                                                                                           Fluid (0.055 kPa).
Specific gravity of manometer fluid    Sp.Gr.                  .........................  .
 (1.75 oil).
Pressure head at CVS pump outlet.....  PPO                     in. Fluid (kPa)..........  0.13 in.
                                                                                           Fluid (0.055 kPa).
Air temperature at CVS pump outlet     PTO                       deg.F (  deg.C)........  2.0  deg.F
 (optional).                                                                               (1.1
                                                                                           deg.C).
Pump revolutions during test period..  N                       Revs.....................   1 Rev..
Elapsed time for test period.........  t                       sec......................  0.5 sec.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (5) After the system has been connected as shown in Figure N84-6, 
set the variable restrictor in the wide open position and run the CVS 
pump for 20 minutes. Record the calibration data.
    (6) Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an 
increment of pump inlet depression that will yield a minimum of six data 
points for the total calibration. Allow the system to stabilize for 3 
minutes and repeat the data acquisition.
    (7) Data analysis:
    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is 
calculated in standard cubic feet per minute (68 deg., 29.92 in. Hg.) 
from the flowmeter data using the manufacturer's prescribed method.
    (ii) The air flow rate is then converted to pump flow, 
Vo, in cubic feet per revolution at absolute pump inlet 
temperature and pressure:

Vo = (Qs/n)  x  (Tp/528)  x  (29.92/
Pp)

Where:
    (A) Vo = Pump flow, ft\3\/rev (m\3\/rev) at 
Tp, Pp.
    (B) Qs = Meter air flow rate in standard cubic feet per 
minute, standard conditions are 68  deg.F, 29.92 in. Hg (20  deg.C, 
101.3 kPa).
    (C) n = Pump speed in revolutions per minute.
    (D) Tp = Pump inlet temperature  deg.R( deg.K) = PTI + 
460 ( deg.R), or = PTI + 273 ( deg.K).
    (E) Pp = Absolute pump inlet pressure, in. Hg. (kPa)
    = PB - PPI(Sp.Gr./13.5955) and
    = PB - PPI for SI units.

Where:
    (F) PB = barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa).
    (G) PPI = Pump inlet depression, in. fluid (kPa).
    (H) Sp.Gr. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid.
    (iii) The correlation function at each test point is then calculated 
from the calibration data:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.209


Where:
    (A) Xo = correlation function.
    (B) Dp = The pressure differential from pump inlet to 
pump outlet, in. Hg. (kPa).
    = Pe-Pp.
    (C) Pe = Absolute pump outlet pressure, in. Hg. (kPa)
    = PB + PPO (Sp.Gr./13.5955) and
    = PB + PPO for SI units.

Where:
    (D) PPO = Pressure head at pump outlet, in. fluid (kPa).
    (iv) A linear least squares fit is performed to generate the 
calibration equation which has the form:
    Vo = Do - M(Xo)
    Do and M are the intercept and slope constants, 
respectively, describing the regression line.
    (8) A CVS system that has multiple speeds should be calibrated on 
each speed used. The calibration curves generated for the ranges will be 
approximately parallel and the intercept values, Do, will 
increase as the pump flow range decreases.
    (9) If the calibration has been performed carefully, the calculated 
values from the equation will be within 0.50 percent of the 
measured value of Vo.

[[Page 878]]

Values of M will vary from one pump to another, but values of 
Do for pumps of the same make, model and range should agree 
within 3 percent of each other. Particulate influx over time 
will cause the pump slip to decrease, as reflected by lower values for 
M. Calibrations should be performed at pump start-up and after major 
maintenance to assure the stability of the pump slip rate. Analysis of 
mass injection data will also reflect pump slip stability.
    (d) CFV calibration. (1) Calibration of the CFV is based upon the 
flow equation for a critical venturi. Gas flow is a function of inlet 
pressure and temperature:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.210


Where:
    (i) Qs = flow.
    (ii) Kv = calibration coefficient.
    (iii) P = absolute pressure.
    (iv) T = absolute temperature.
    The calibration procedure described in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section establishes the value of the calibration coefficient at measured 
values of pressure, temperature and air flow.
    (2) The manufacturer's recommended procedure shall be followed for 
calibrating electronic portions of the CFV.
    (3) Measurements necessary for flow calibration are as follows:

[[Page 879]]



                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Parameter                     Symbol                Units             Sensor-readout tolerances
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected).  Pb                      in Hg (kPa)......  .01 in Hg (.034 kPa).
Air temperature, into flowmeter.  ETI                      deg.F ( deg.C)..  0.5  deg.F (.28  deg.C).
Pressure drop between the inlet   EDP                     Inches H2O (kPa).  0.05 in H2O (.012 kPa).
Air flow........................  Qs                      Ft3/min. (m3/min)  .5 % of NBS ``true''
                                                                              value.
CFV inlet depression............  PPI                     Inches fluid       .13 in fluid (.055 kPa).
CFV outlet pressure.............  PPO                     Inches Hg (kPa)..  .05 in Hg (.17 kPa) 1.
Temperature at venturi inlet....  Tv                       deg.F ( deg.C)..  4.0  deg.F (2.22  deg.C).
Specific gravity of manometer     Sp. Gr
 fluid (1.75 oil).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Requirement begins August 20, 2001.


[[Page 880]]

    (4) Set up equipment as shown in Figure N84-7 and eliminate leaks. 
(Leaks between the flow measuring devices and the critical flow venturi 
will seriously affect the accuracy of the calibration.)
    (5) Set the variable flow restrictor to the open position, start the 
blower, and allow the system to stabilize. Record data from all 
instruments.
    (6) Vary the flow restrictor and make at least eight readings across 
the critical flow range of the venturi.
    (7) Data analysis. The data recorded during the calibration are to 
be used in the following calculations:
    (i) The air flow rate, Qs, at each test point is 
calculated in standard cubic feet per minute from the flow meter data 
using the manufacturer's prescribed method.
    (ii) Calculate values of the calibration coefficient for each test 
point:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC07JA94.021


Where:
    (A) Qs = Flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute, at 
the standard conditions of 68  deg.F, 29.92 in Hg (20  deg.C, 101.3 
kPa).
    (B) Tv = Temperature at venturi inlet,  deg.R( deg.K).
    (C) Pv = Pressure at venturi inlet, in. Hg. (kPA)
         = PB - PPI (Sp.GR./13.5955), and
         = PB - PPI for SI units.

Where:
    (D) PPI = Venturi inlet pressure depression, in. fluid (kPa).
    (E) Sp.Gr. = Specific gravity of manometer fluid.
    (iii) Plot Kv as a function of venturi inlet pressure. 
For choked flow, Kv will have a relatively constant value. As 
pressure decreases (vacuum increases), the venturi becomes unchoked and 
Kv decreases. (See Figure N84-8.)
    (iv) For a minimum of 8 points in the critical region calculate an 
average Kv and the standard deviation.
    (v) If the standard deviation exceeds 0.3 percent of the average 
Kv, take corrective action.
    (8) Calculation of a parameter for monitoring sonic flow in the CFV 
during exhaust emissions tests:
    (i) Option 1. (A) CFV pressure ratio. Based upon the calibration 
data selected to meet the criteria for paragraphs (d)(7)(iv) and (v) of 
this section, in which Kv is constant, select the data values 
associated with the calibration point with the lowest absolute venturi 
inlet pressure. With this set of calibration data, calculated the 
following CFV pressure ratio limit, Prratio-lim:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18FE00.024


Where:
Pin-cal = Venturi inlet pressure (PPI in absolute pressure 
    units), and
Pout-cal = Venturi outlet pressure (PPO in absolute pressure 
    units), measured at the exit of the venturi diffuser outlet.

    (B) The venturi pressure ratio (Prratio-i) during all 
emissions tests must be less than, or equal to, the calibration pressure 
ratio limit (Prratio-lim) derived from the CFV calibration 
data, such that:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18FE00.025



Where:
Pin-i and Pout-i are the venturi inlet and outlet 
    pressures, in absolute pressure units, at each i-th interval during 
    the emissions test.

    (ii) Option 2. Other methods: With prior Administrator approval, any 
other method may be used that assure that the venturi operates at sonic 
conditions during emissions tests, provided the method is based upon 
sound engineering principles.
    (e) CVS system verification. The following ``gravimetric'' technique 
can be used to verify that the CVS and analytical instruments can 
accurately measure a mass of gas that has been injected into the system. 
(Verification can also be accomplished by constant flow metering using 
critical flow orifice devices.)
    (1) Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane 
or carbon monoxide gas (CAUTION--carbon monoxide is poisonous).

[[Page 881]]

    (2) Determine a reference cylinder weight to the nearest 0.01 grams.
    (3) Operate the CVS in the normal manner and release a quantity of 
pure propane into the system during the sampling period (approximately 5 
minutes).
    (4) Following completion of step (3) above (if methanol injection is 
required), continue to operate the CVS in the normal manner and release 
a known quantity of pure methanol (in gaseous form) into the system 
during the sampling period (approximately five minutes). This step does 
not need to be performed with each verification, provided that it is 
performed at least twice annually.
    (5) The calculations of Sec. 86.1342 are performed in the normal way 
except in the case of propane. The density of propane (17.30 g/ft\3\/
carbon atom (0.6109 kg/m\3\/carbon atom)) is used in place of the 
density of exhaust hydrocarbons. In the case of methanol, the density of 
37.71 g/ft\3\ (1.332 kg/m\3\) is used.
    (6) The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the CVS measured mass 
and then divided by the gravimetric mass to determine the percent 
accuracy of the system.
    (7) The cause for any discrepancy greater than 2 percent 
must be found and corrected. (For 1991-1995 calendar years, 
discrepancies greater than 2 percent are allowed for the 
methanol test, provided that they do not exceed 6 percent.)
    (8) The Administrator, upon request, may waive the requirement to 
comply with 2 percent methanol recovery tolerance, and 
instead require compliance with a higher tolerance (not to exceed 
6 percent), provided that:
    (i) The Administrator determines that compliance with these 
specified tolerances is not practically feasible; and
    (ii) The manufacturer makes information available to the 
Administrator which indicates that the calibration tests and their 
results are consistent with good laboratory practice, and that the 
results are consistent with the results of calibration testing conducted 
by the Administrator.

[54 FR 14591, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34371, June 30, 1995; 
63 FR 24449, May 4, 1998; 65 FR 8279, Feb. 18, 2000]



Sec. 86.1320-90  Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate, methanol, and formaldehyde measurement.

    (a) Sampling for particulate, methanol and formaldehyde emissions 
requires the use of gas meters or flow instrumentation to determine flow 
through the particulate filters, methanol impingers and formaldehyde 
impingers. These instruments shall receive initial and periodic 
calibrations as follows:
    (1)(i) Install a calibration device in series with the instrument. A 
critical flow orifice, a bellmouth nozzle, or a laminar flow element or 
an NBS traceable flow calibration device is required as the standard 
device.
    (ii) The flow system should be checked for leaks between the 
calibration and sampling meters, including any pumps that may be part of 
the system, using good engineering practice.
    (2) Flow air through the calibration system at the sample flow rate 
used for particulate, methanol, and formaldehyde testing and at the 
backpressure which occurs during the sample test.
    (3) When the temperature and pressure in the system have stabilized, 
measure the indicated gas volume over a time period of at least five 
minutes or until a gas volume of at least 1 percent accuracy 
can be determined by the standard device. Record the stabilized air 
temperature and pressure upstream of the instrument and as required for 
the standard device.
    (4) Calculate air flow at standard conditions as measured by both 
the standard device and the instrument(s). (Standard conditions are 
defined as 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 29.92 in Hg (101.3 kPa).)
    (5) Repeat the procedures of paragraphs (a) (2) through (4) of this 
section using at least two flow rates which bracket the typical 
operating range.
    (6) If the air flow at standard conditions measured by the 
instrument differs by 1.0 percent of the maximum operating 
range or 2.0 percent of the point (whichever is smaller), 
then a correction shall be made by either of the following two methods:
    (i) Mechanically adjust the instrument so that it agrees with the 
calibration measurement at the specified flow

[[Page 882]]

rates using the criteria of paragraph (a)(6) of this section, or
    (ii) Develop a continuous best fit calibration curve for the 
instrument (as a function of the calibration device flow measurement) 
from the calibration points to determine corrected flow. The points on 
the calibration curve relative to the calibration device measurements 
must be within 1.0 percent of the maximum operating range of 
2.0 percent of the point (whichever is smaller).
    (7) For double dilution systems, the accuracy of the secondary 
dilution flow measurement device should be within 1.0 
percent of the total flow through the filter.
    (b) Other systems. A bell prover may be used to calibrate the 
instrument if the procedure outlined in ANSI B109.1-1973 is used. Prior 
approval by the Administrator is not required to use the bell prover.

[54 FR 14593, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1321-90  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall receive the following initial and 
periodic calibration. The HFID used with petroleum-fueled diesel engines 
shall be operated to a set point 10  deg.F (5.5 
deg.C) between 365 and 385  deg.F (185 and 197  deg.C). The HFID used 
with methanol-fueled engines shall be operated at 23515 
deg.F (1138  deg.C).
    (a) Initial and periodic optimization of detector response. Prior to 
introduction into service and at least annually thereafter, the FID 
hydrocarbon analyzer shall be adjusted for optimum hydrocarbon response.
    (1) Follow good engineering practices for initial instrument start-
up and basic operating adjustment using the appropriate fuel (see 
Sec. 86.1314) and zero-grade air.
    (2) Optimize the FID's response on the most common operating range. 
The response is to be optimized with respect to fuel pressure or flow 
while meeting the analyzer response time given in 
Sec. 86.1310(b)(3)(vii)(A) for continuous HC measurement. Efforts shall 
be made to minimize response variations to different hydrocarbon species 
that are expected to be in the exhaust. Good engineering judgement is to 
be used to trade off optimal FID response to propane-in-air against 
reductions in relative responses to other hydrocarbons. A good example 
of trading off response on propane for relative responses to other 
hydrocarbon species is given in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 
Paper No. 770141, ``Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector for 
Determination of Hydrocarbon in Diluted Automotive Exhausts''; author 
Glenn D. Reschke. It is also required that the response be set to 
optimum condition with respect to air flow and sample flow. Heated Flame 
Ionization Detectors (HFIDs) must be at their specified operating 
temperature.
    (3) One of the following procedures is to be used for FID or HFID 
optimization:
    (i) Use the procedures outlined in Society of Automotive Engineers 
(SAE) paper No. 770141, ``Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector for 
Determination of Hydrocarbons in Diluted Automobile Exhaust''; author, 
Glenn D. Reschke, as an example.
    (ii) The HFID optimization procedures outlined in 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart D, Sec. 86.331-79(c).
    (iii) Alternative procedures may be used if approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
    (iv) The procedures specified by the manufacturer of the FID or 
HFID.
    (4) After the optimum fuel, air, and sample pressures or flow rates 
have been determined, they shall be recorded for future reference.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter, the FID or HFID hydrocarbon analyzer 
shall be calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges. Use the same 
flow rate and pressures as when analyzing samples. Calibration gases 
shall be introduced directly at the analyzer, unless the ``overflow'' 
calibration option of Sec. 86.1310(b)(3)(i) for the HFID is taken.
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the hydrocarbon analyzer with zero-grade air.
    (3) Calibrate on each used operating range with a minimum of 6, 
approximately equally spaced, propane-in-air calibration gases (e.g., 
15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range). For each

[[Page 883]]

range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-fit 
straight line is within 2 percent of the value at each non-
zero data point and within 0.3 percent of full scale on the 
zero data point, then concentration values may be calculated by using 
the linear calibration equation for that range. If the deviation exceeds 
these limits, then the best-fit non-linear equation which represents the 
data within these limits shall be used to determine concentration 
values.
    (c) FID response factor to methanol. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of hydrocarbon samples containing methanol, the 
methanol response factor of the analyzer shall be established. The 
methanol response factor shall be determined at several concentrations 
in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample.
    (1) The bag sample of methanol for analysis in the FID shall be 
prepared using the apparatus shown in Figure N90-10. A known volume of 
methanol is injected, using a microliter syringe, into the heated mixing 
zone (250  deg.F (121  deg.C)) of the apparatus. The methanol is 
vaporized and swept into the sample bag with a known volume of zero-
grade air measured by a dry gas meter.

[[Page 884]]



    (2) The bag sample is analyzed using the FID.
    (3) The FID response factor, r, is calculated as follows:

    r = FIDppm/SAMppm

    Where:
    (i) r = FID response factor.
    (ii) FIDppm = FID reading in ppmC.
    (iii) SAMppm = methanol concentration in the sample bag in ppmC.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.211
    
    Where:

[[Page 885]]

    (iv) 0.02406 = volume of one mole at 29.92 in Hg and 68  deg.F, 
m\3\.
    (v) Fuel injected = volume of methanol injected, ml.
    (vi) Fuel density = density of methanol, 0.7914 g/ml.
    (vii) Air volume = volume of zero-grade air, m\3\.
    (viii) Mol. Wt. CH3OH = 32.04.

[54 FR 14594, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 62 FR 47128, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1321-94  Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

    The FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall receive the following initial and 
periodic calibration. The HFID used with petroleum-fueled, natural gas-
fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel engines shall be 
operated to a set point 10  deg.F (5.5  deg.C) 
between 365 and 385  deg.F (185 and 197  deg.C). The HFID used with 
methanol-fueled engines shall be operated at 235 15  deg.F 
(113 8  deg.C).
    (a) Initial and periodic optimization of detector response. Prior to 
introduction into service and at least annually thereafter, the FID 
hydrocarbon analyzer shall be adjusted for optimum hydrocarbon response.
    (1) Follow good engineering practices for initial instrument start-
up and basic operating adjustment using the appropriate fuel (see 
Sec. 86.1314) and zero-grade air.
    (2) Optimize the FID's response on the most common operating range. 
The response is to be optimized with respect to fuel pressure or flow 
while meeting the analyzer response time given in 
Sec. 86.1310(b)(3)(vii)(A) for continuous HC measurement. Efforts shall 
be made to minimize response variations to different hydrocarbon species 
that are expected to be in the exhaust. Good engineering judgement is to 
be used to trade off optimal FID response to propane-in-air against 
reductions in relative responses to other hydrocarbons. A good example 
of trading off response on propane for relative responses to other 
hydrocarbon species is given in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 
Paper No. 770141, ``Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector for 
Determination of Hydrocarbon in Diluted Automotive Exhausts''; author 
Glenn D. Reschke. It is also required that the response be set to 
optimum condition with respect to air flow and sample flow. Heated Flame 
Ionization Detectors (HFIDs) must be at their specified operating 
temperature.
    (3) One of the following procedures is to be used for FID or HFID 
optimization:
    (i) Use the procedures outlined in Society of Automotive Engineers 
(SAE) paper number 770141, ``Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector 
for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Diluted Automobile Exhaust''; 
author, Glenn D. Reschke, as an example. Available from Society of 
Automotive Engineers International, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 
15096-0001.
    (ii) The procedure listed in subpart D, Sec. 86.331-79(c) of this 
part.
    (iii) The procedures specified by the manufacturer of the FID or 
HFID.
    (iv) Alternative procedures may be used if approved in advance by 
the Administrator.
    (4) After the optimum fuel, air and sample pressures or flow rates 
have been determined, they shall be recorded for future reference.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter, the FID or HFID hydrocarbon analyzer 
shall be calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges. Use the same 
flow rate and pressures as when analyzing samples. Calibration gases 
shall be introduced directly at the analyzer, unless the ``overflow'' 
calibration option of Sec. 86.1310(b)(3)(i) for the HFID is taken.
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the hydrocarbon analyzer with zero-grade air.
    (3) Calibrate on each used operating range with a minimum of 6, 
approximately equally spaced, propane-in-air calibration gases (e.g., 
15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range). For each range 
calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line 
is within 2 percent of the value at each non-zero data point 
and within 0.3 percent of full scale on the zero data point, 
then concentration values may be calculated by using the linear 
calibration equation for that range. If the deviation exceeds these 
limits, then the best-fit non-linear equation which represents the data 
within these limits

[[Page 886]]

shall be used to determine concentration values.
    (c) FID response factor to methanol. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of hydrocarbon samples containing methanol, the 
methanol response factor of the analyzer shall be established. The 
methanol response factor shall be determined at several concentrations 
in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample, using either bag 
samples or gas bottles meeting the requirements of Sec. 86.1314.
    (1) The bag sample of methanol for analysis in the FID, if used, 
shall be prepared using the apparatus shown in Figure N94-10. A known 
volume of methanol is injected, using a microliter syringe, into the 
heated mixing zone (250  deg.F (121  deg.C)) of the apparatus. The 
methanol is vaporized and swept into the sample bag with a known volume 
of zero grade air measured by a gas flow meter meeting the 
specifications of Sec. 86.1320.

[[Page 887]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.051

    (2) The bag sample is analyzed using the FID.
    (3) The FID response factor, r, is calculated as follows:
    r=FIDppm/SAMppm
    Where:
    (i) r=FID response factor.
    (ii) FIDppm=FID reading in ppmC.

[[Page 888]]

    (iii) SAMppm=methanol concentration in the sample bag, or gas 
bottle, in ppmC. SAMppm for sample bags:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.038


Where:
    (iv) 0.02406=volume of one mole at 29.92 in Hg and 68  deg.F, m\3\.
    (v) Fuel injected = volume of methanol injected, ml.
    (vi) Fuel density=density of methanol, 0.7914 g/ml.
    (vii) Air volume=volume of zero-grade air, m3.
    (viii) Mol. Wt. CH3OH=32.04.
    (d) FID response factor to methane. When the FID analyzer is to be 
used for the analysis of natural gas-fueled vehicle hydrocarbon samples, 
the methane response factor of the analyzer shall be established. To 
determine the total hydrocarbon FID response to methane, known methane 
in air concentrations traceable to National Institute of Standards and 
Technology (NIST) shall be analyzed by the FID. Several methane 
concentrations shall be analyzed by the FID in the range of 
concentrations in the exhaust sample. The total hydrocarbon FID response 
to methane is calculated as follows:
rCH4=FIDppm/SAMppm
Where:
    (1) rCH4=FID response factor to methane.
    (2) FIDppm=FID reading in ppmC.
    (3) SAMppm=the known methane concentration in ppmC.

[59 FR 48531, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34371, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47128, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1322-84  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.

    The NDIR carbon monoxide analyzer shall receive the following 
initial and periodic calibration.
    (a) Initial and periodic interference check. Prior to its 
introduction into service and annually thereafter, the NDIR carbon 
monoxide analyzer shall be checked for response to water vapor and 
CO2:
    (1) Follow good engineering practices for instrument start-up and 
operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance on the most 
sensitive range to be used.
    (2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Bubble a mixture of 3 percent CO2 in N2 
through water at room temperature and record analyzer response.
    (4) An analyzer response of more than 1 percent of full scale for 
ranges above 300 ppm full scale or more than 3 ppm on ranges below 300 
ppm full scale requires corrective action. (Use of conditioning columns 
is one form of corrective action which may be taken.)
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter, the NDIR carbon monoxide analyzer shall 
be calibrated.
    (1) Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the carbon monoxide analyzer with either zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Calibrate on each used operating range with a minimum of 6, 
approximately equally spaced, carbon monoxide-in-N2 
calibration gases (e.g., 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that 
range). For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares 
best-fit straight line is within 2 percent of the value at 
each non-zero data point and within 0.3 percent of full 
scale on the zero data point, then concentration values may be 
calculated by using the linear calibration equation for that range. If 
the deviation exceeds these limits, then the best-fit not-linear 
equation which represents the data within these limits shall be used to 
determine concentration values.
    (c) The initial and periodic interference, system check, and 
calibration test procedures specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart D may 
be used in lieu of the procedures specified in this section.

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 62 FR 47128, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1323-84  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.

    The chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen analyzer shall receive the 
following initial and periodic calibration.
    (a) Prior to introduction into service and at least monthly 
thereafter, the chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen

[[Page 889]]

analyzer must be checked for NO2 to NO converter efficiency. Figure N84-
9 is a reference for paragraphs (a) (1) through (11) of this section.
    (1) Follow good engineering practices for instrument start-up and 
operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Connect the outlet of the NOX generator to the sample 
inlet of the oxides of nitrogen analyzer which has been set to the most 
common operating range.
    (4) Introduce into the NOX generator analyzer-system an 
NO-in-nitrogen (N2) mixture with an NO concentration equal to 
approximately 80 percent of the most common operating range. The 
NO2 content of the gas mixture shall be less than 5 percent 
of the NO concentration.


    (5) With the oxides of nitrogen analyzer in the NO mode, record the 
concentration of NO indicated by the analyzer.

[[Page 890]]

    (6) Turn on the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply and adjust the O2 (or air) flow rate so that the NO 
indicated by the analyzer is about 10 percent less than indicated in 
paragraph (a)(5) of this section. Record the concentration of NO in this 
NO + O2 mixture.
    (7) Switch the NOX generator to the generation mode and 
adjust the generation rate so that the NO measured on the analyzer is 20 
percent of that measured in paragraph (a)(5) of this section. There must 
be at least 10 percent unreacted NO at this point. Record the 
concentration of residual NO.
    (8) Switch the oxides of nitrogen analyzer to the NOX 
mode and measure total NOX. Record this value.
    (9) Switch off the NOX generator but maintain gas flow 
through the system. The oxides of nitrogen analyzer will indicate the 
NOX in the NO + O2 mixture. Record this value.
    (10) Turn off the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply. The analyzer will now indicate the NOX in the 
original NO-in-N2 mixture. This value should be no more than 
5 percent above the value indicated in paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
    (11) Calculate the efficiency of the NOX converter by 
substituting the concentrations obtained into the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.212

Where:

a = concentration obtained in paragraph (a)(8),
b = concentration obtained in paragraph (a)(9),
c = concentration obtained in paragraph (a)(6),
d = concentration obtained in paragraph (a)(7).


If converter efficiency is not greater than 90 percent corrective action 
will be required.
    (b) Initial and periodic calibration. Prior to its introduction into 
service and monthly thereafter, the chemiluminescent oxides of nitrogen 
analyzer shall be calibrated on all normally used instrument ranges. Use 
the same flow rate as when analyzing samples. Proceed as follows:
    (1) Adjust analyzer to optimize performance.
    (2) Zero the oxides of nitrogen analyzer with zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (3) Calibrate on each used operating range with a minimum of 6, 
approximately equally spaced, NO-in-N2 calibration gases 
(e.g., 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range). For each range 
calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line 
is within 2 percent of the value at each non-zero data point 
and within 0.3 percent of full scale on the zero data point, 
then concentration values may be calculated using the linear calibration 
equation for that range. If the deviation exceeds these limits, then the 
best-fit non-linear equation which represents the data within these 
limits shall be used to determine concentration values.
    (c) The initial and periodic interference, system check, and 
calibration test procedures specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart D, may 
be used in lieu of the procedures specified in this section.
    (d) When testing methanol-fueled engines it may be necessary to 
clean the analyzer frequently to prevent interference with 
NOX measurements (see EPA/60/S3-88/040).

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48144, Dec. 10, 1984; 
58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993; 60 FR 34374, June 30, 1995; 62 FR 47129, 
Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1324-84  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

    Prior to its introduction into service and monthly thereafter, the 
NDIR carbon dioxide analyzer shall be calibrated as follows:
    (a) Follow good engineering practices for instrument start-up and 
operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (b) Zero the carbon dioxide analyzer with either zero-grade air or 
zero-grade nitrogen.
    (c) Calibrate on each used operating range with a minimum of 6, 
approximately equally spaced, carbon dioxide-in-N2 
calibration or span gases (e.g., 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of 
that range). For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-
squares best-fit straight line is within 2 percent or

[[Page 891]]

less of the value at each non-zero data point and within 0.3 
percent of full scale on the zero data point, then concentration values 
may be calculated by using the linear calibration equation for that 
range. If the deviation exceeds these limits, then the best-fit non-
linear equation which represents the data within these limits shall be 
used to determine concentration values.
    (d) The initial and periodic interference, system check, and 
calibration test procedures specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart D, may 
be used in lieu of the procedures in this section.

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 62 FR 47129, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1325-94  Methane analyzer calibration.

    Prior to introduction into service and monthly thereafter, the 
methane analyzer shall be calibrated:
    (a) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for instrument startup 
and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize performance.
    (b) Zero the methane analyzer with zero-grade air.
    (c) Calibrate on each used operating range with a minimum of 6, 
approximately equally spaced, CH4 in air calibration gases (e.g., 15, 
40, 45, 60, 75, and 90 percent of that range). For each range 
calibrated, if the deviation from a least-squares best-fit straight line 
is within 2 percent of the value at each non-zero data point 
and within 0.3 percent of full scale on the zero data point, 
then concentration values may be calculated by using the linear 
calibration equation for that range. If the deviation exceeds these 
limits, then the best-fit non-linear equation which represents the data 
within these limits shall be used to determine concentration values.

[59 FR 48531, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 47129, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1326-90  Calibration of other equipment.

    Other test equipment used for testing shall be calibrated as often 
as required by the manufacturer or as necessary according to good 
practice. Specific equipment requiring calibration is the gas 
chromatograph and flame ionization detector used in measuring methanol 
and the high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and ultraviolet 
detector for measuring formaldehyde.

[54 FR 14596, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1327-90  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.

    (a) The engine dynamometer test procedure is designed to determine 
the brake specific emissions of hydrocarbons, nonmethane hydrocarbons 
carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, particulate, methanol and 
formaldehyde, as applicable. The test procedure consists of a ``cold'' 
start test following either natural or forced cool-down periods 
described in Secs. 86.1334 and 86.1335, respectively. A ``hot'' start 
test follows the ``cold'' start test after a hot soak of 20 minutes. The 
idle test of subpart P of this part may be run after the ``hot'' start 
test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a 
continuous proportional sample is collected for analysis during both the 
cold- and hot-start tests. The composite samples collected are analyzed 
either in bags or continuously for hydrocarbons (HC), methane 
(CH4--as applicable), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide 
(CO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NOX), or in sample 
collection impingers for methanol (CH3OH) and sample 
collection impingers (or cartridges) for formaldehyde (HCHO). 
Measurement of CH3OH and HCHO may be omitted for 1990 through 
1994 model year methanol-fueled engines when a FID calibrated on 
methanol is used. A bag or continuous sample of the dilution air is 
similarly analyzed for background levels of hydrocarbon, carbon 
monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen and, if appropriate, 
methane and/or methanol and/or formaldehyde. In addition, for diesel-
cycle engines, particulates are collected on fluorocarbon-coated glass 
fiber filters or fluorocarbon-based (membrane) filters, and the dilution 
air may be prefiltered.
    (b) Engine torque and rpm command set points shall be issued at 5 
(10 Hz recommended) Hz or greater during both the cold and hot start 
tests. Feedback engine torque and rpm shall be recorded at least once 
every second during the test.
    (c) Using the torque and rpm feedback signals the brake horsepower 
is

[[Page 892]]

integrated with respect to time for the cold and hot cycles. This 
produces a brake horsepower-hour value that enables the brake-specific 
emissions to be determined (see Sec. 86.1342, Calculations; gaseous 
exhaust emissions., and Sec. 86.1343, Calculations; particulate exhaust 
emissions.).
    (d)(1) When an engine is tested for exhaust emissions or is operated 
for service accumulation on an engine dynamometer, the complete engine 
shall be tested, with all emission control devices installed and 
functioning.
    (2) Evaporative emission controls need not be connected if data are 
provided to show that normal operating conditions are maintained in the 
engine induction system.
    (3) On air-cooled engines, the fan shall be installed.
    (4) Additional accessories (e.g., oil cooler, alternators, air 
compressors, etc.) may be installed or their loading simulated if 
typical of the in-use application.
    (5) The engine may be equipped with a production type starter.
    (e) Means of engine cooling which will maintain the engine operating 
temperatures (e.g., temperatures of intake air, oil, water, etc.) at 
approximately the same temperature as specified by the manufacturer 
shall be used. Auxiliary fan(s) may be used to maintain engine cooling 
during operation on the dynamometer. Rust inhibitors and lubrication 
additives may be used, up to the levels recommended by the additive 
manufacturer. Antifreeze mixtures and other coolants typical of those 
approved for use by the manufacturer may be used.
    (f) Exhaust system. The exhaust system shall meet the following 
requirements:
    (1) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines. A 
chassis-type exhaust system shall be used. For all catalyst systems, the 
distance from the exhaust manifold flange(s) to the catalyst shall be 
the same as in the vehicle configuration unless the manufacturer 
provides data showing equivalent performance at another location. The 
catalyst container may be removed during all test sequences prior to the 
practice cycle, and replaced with an equivalent container having an 
inactive catalyst support.
    (2) Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines. Either a 
chassis-type or a facility-type exhaust system or both systems 
simultaneously may be used. If the engine is equipped with an exhaust 
aftertreatment device, the exhaust pipe must be the same diameter as 
found in-use for at least 4 pipe diameters upstream to the inlet of the 
beginning of the expansion section containing the aftertreatment device. 
The exhaust backpressure or restriction shall follow the same criteria 
as in Sec. 86.1330-90(f) and may be set with a valve (muffler omitted). 
The catalyst container may be removed during all test sequences prior to 
the practice cycle, and replaced with an equivalent container having an 
inactive catalyst support.
    (i) The engine exhaust system shall meet the following requirements:
    (A) The total length of the tubing from the exit of the engine 
exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet or aftertreatment device to the 
primary dilution tunnel shall not exceed 32 feet (9.8 m).
    (B) The initial portion of the exhaust system may consist of a 
typical in-use (i.e., length, diameter, material, etc.) chassis-type 
exhaust system.
    (C) The distance from the exhaust manifold flange(s) or turbocharger 
outlet to any exhaust aftertreatment device shall be the same as in the 
vehicle configuration or within the distance specifications provided by 
the manufacturer.
    (D) For engines which are not equipped with exhaust aftertreatment 
devices, all tubing in excess of 12 feet (3.7 m) from the exit of the 
turbocharger or exhaust manifold shall be insulated. For engines 
equipped with exhaust aftertreatment devices, all tubing after the 
aftertreatment device which is in excess of 12 feet (3.7 m) shall be 
insulated.
    (E) If the tubing is required to be insulated, the radial thickness 
of the insulation must be at least 1.0 inch (25 mm). The thermal 
conductivity of the insulating material must have a value no greater 
than 0.75 BTU-in/hr/ft\2\/  deg.F (0.065 W/m-K) measured at 700  deg.F 
(371  deg.C).

[[Page 893]]

    (F) A smoke meter or other instrumentation may be inserted into the 
exhaust system tubing. If this option is exercised in the insulated 
portion of the tubing, then a minimal amount of tubing not to exceed 18 
inches may be left uninsulated. However, no more than 12 feet (3.66 m) 
of tubing can be left uninsulated in total, including the length at the 
smoke meter.
    (ii) The facility-type exhaust system shall meet the following 
requirements:
    (A) It must be composed of smooth tubing made of typical in-use 
steel or stainless steel. This tubing shall have a maximum inside 
diameter of 6.0 in (15 cm).
    (B) Short sections (altogether not to exceed 20 percent of the 
entire tube length) of flexible tubing at connection points are allowed.

[54 FR 14596, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34374, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47129, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1327-94  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.

    (a) The engine dynamometer test procedure is designed to determine 
the brake specific emissions of hydrocarbons, nonmethane hydrocarbons 
(for natural gas-fueled engines only), carbon monoxide, oxides of 
nitrogen, particulate (petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied 
petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines), and methanol 
and formaldehyde (for methanol-fueled diesel engines). The test 
procedure consists of a ``cold'' start test following either natural or 
forced cool-down periods described in Secs. 86.1334 and 86.1335, 
respectively. A ``hot'' start test follows the ``cold'' start test after 
a hot soak of 20 minutes. The idle test of subpart P may be run after 
the ``hot'' start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient 
air and a continuous proportional sample is collected for analysis 
during both the cold- and hot-start tests. The composite samples 
collected are analyzed either in bags or continuously for hydrocarbons 
(HC), methane (CH4--for natural gas-fueled engines only), 
carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxides of 
nitrogen (NOX), or in sample collection impingers for 
methanol (CH3OH) and sample collection impingers (or 
capsules) for formaldehyde (HCHO). Measurement of CH3OH and 
HCHO may be omitted for 1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled 
engines when a FID calibrated on methanol is used. A bag or continuous 
sample of the dilution air is similarly analyzed for background levels 
of hydrocarbon, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of 
nitrogen and, if appropriate, methanol and formaldehyde. In addition, 
for petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
and methanol-fueled diesel engines, particulates are collected on 
fluorocarbon-coated glass fiber filters or fluorocarbon-based (membrane) 
filters, and the dilution air may be prefiltered.
    (b) Engine torque and rpm command set points shall be issued at 5 
(10 Hz recommended) Hz or greater during both the cold and hot start 
tests. Feedback engine torque and rpm shall be recorded at least once 
every second during the test.
    (c) Using the torque and rpm feedback signals the brake horsepower 
is integrated with respect to time for the cold and hot cycles. This 
produces a brake horsepower-hour value that enables the brake-specific 
emissions to be determined (see Sec. 86.1342, Calculations, gaseous 
exhaust emissions; and Sec. 86.1343, Calculations, particulate exhaust 
emissions).
    (d)(1) When an engine is tested for exhaust emissions or is operated 
for service accumulation on an engine dynamometer, the complete engine 
shall be tested, with all emission control devices installed and 
functioning.
    (2) Evaporative emission controls need not be connected if data are 
provided to show that normal operating conditions are maintained in the 
engine induction system.
    (3) On air-cooled engines, the fan shall be installed.
    (4) Additional accessories (e.g., oil cooler, alternators, air 
compressors, etc.) may be installed or their loading simulated if 
typical of the in-use application.
    (5) The engine may be equipped with a production type starter.
    (e) Means of engine cooling which will maintain the engine operating

[[Page 894]]

temperatures (e.g., temperatures of intake air, oil, water, etc.) at 
approximately the same temperature as specified by the manufacturer 
shall be used. Auxiliary fan(s) may be used to maintain engine cooling 
during operation on the dynamometer. Rust inhibitors and lubrication 
additives may be used, up to the levels recommended by the additive 
manufacturer. Antifreeze mixtures and other coolants typical of those 
approved for use by the manufacturer may be used.
    (f) Exhaust system. The exhaust system shall meet the following 
requirements:
    (1) Otto-cycle engines. A chassis-type exhaust system shall be used. 
For all catalyst systems, the distance from the exhaust manifold 
flange(s) to the catalyst shall be the same as in the vehicle 
configuration unless the manufacturer provides data showing equivalent 
performance at another location. The catalyst container may be removed 
during all test sequences prior to the practice cycle, and replaced with 
an equivalent container having an inactive catalyst support.
    (2) Diesel engines. Either a chassis-type or a facility-type exhaust 
system or both systems simultaneously may be used. If the engine is 
equipped with an exhaust aftertreatment device, the exhaust pipe must be 
the same diameter as found in-use for at least 4 pipe diameters upstream 
to the inlet of the beginning of the expansion section containing the 
aftertreatment device. The exhaust backpressure or restriction shall 
follow the same criteria as in Sec. 86.1330-90 (f) and may be set with a 
valve (muffler omitted). The catalyst container may be removed during 
all test sequences prior to the practice cycle, and replaced with an 
equivalent container having an inactive catalyst support.
    (i) The engine exhaust system shall meet the following requirements:
    (A) The total length of the tubing from the exit of the engine 
exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet or aftertreatment device to the 
primary dilution tunnel shall not exceed 32 feet (9.8 m).
    (B) The initial portion of the exhaust system may consist of a 
typical in-use (i.e., length, diameter, material, etc.) chassis-type 
exhaust system.
    (C) The distance from the exhaust manifold flange(s) or turbocharger 
outlet to any exhaust aftertreatment device shall be the same as in the 
vehicle configuration or within the distance specifications provided by 
the manufacturer.
    (D) For engines which are not equipped with exhaust aftertreatment 
devices, all tubing in excess of 12 feet (3.7 m) from the exit of the 
turbocharger or exhaust manifold shall be insulated. For engines 
equipped with exhaust aftertreatment devices, all tubing after the 
aftertreatment device which is in excess of 12 feet (3.7 m) shall be 
insulated.
    (E) If the tubing is required to be insulated, the radial thickness 
of the insulation must be at least 1.0 inch (25 mm). The thermal 
conductivity of the insulating material must have a value no greater 
than 0.75 BTU-in/hr/ft2/  deg.F (0.065 W/m-K) measured at 700 
 deg.F (371  deg.C).
    (F) A smoke meter or other instrumentation may be inserted into the 
exhaust system tubing. If this option is exercised in the insulated 
portion of the tubing, then a minimal amount of tubing not to exceed 18 
inches may be left uninsulated. However, no more than 12 feet (3.66 m) 
of tubing can be left uninsulated in total, including the length at the 
smoke meter.
    (ii) The facility-type exhaust system shall meet the following 
requirements:
    (A) It must be composed of smooth tubing made of typical in-use 
steel or stainless steel. This tubing shall have a maximum inside 
diameter of 6.0 in (15 cm).
    (B) Short sections (altogether not to exceed 20 percent of the 
entire tube length) of flexible tubing at connection points are allowed.

[59 FR 48532, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 62 FR 47129, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1327-96  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.

    (a) The engine dynamometer test procedure is designed to determine 
the brake specific emissions of hydrocarbons, nonmethane hydrocarbons, 
carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen,

[[Page 895]]

particulate, methanol and formaldehyde, as applicable. The test 
procedure consists of a ``cold'' start test following either natural or 
forced cool-down periods described in Secs. 86.1334 and 86.1335, 
respectively. A ``hot'' start test follows the ``cold'' start test after 
a hot soak of 20 minutes. The idle test of subpart P of this part may be 
run after the ``hot'' start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with 
ambient air and a continuous proportional sample is collected for 
analysis during both the cold- and hot-start tests. The composite 
samples collected are analyzed either in bags or continuously for 
hydrocarbons (HC), methane (CH4) carbon monoxide (CO), carbon 
dioxide (CO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NOX), or in 
sample collection impingers for methanol (CH3OH) and sample 
collection impingers (or cartridges) for formaldehyde (HCHO), as 
applicable. Measurement of CH3OH and HCHO may be omitted for 
1990 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled engines when a FID 
calibrated on methanol is used. A bag or continuous sample of the 
dilution air is similarly analyzed for background levels of hydrocarbon, 
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen and, if 
appropriate, methane and/or methanol and/or formaldehyde. In addition, 
for diesel-cycle engines, particulates are collected on fluorocarbon-
coated glass fiber filters or fluorocarbon-based (membrane) filters, and 
the dilution air may be prefiltered.
    (b) Engine torque and rpm command set points shall be issued at 5 
(10 Hz recommended) Hz or greater during both the cold and hot start 
tests. Feedback engine torque and rpm shall be recorded at least once 
every second during the test.
    (c) Using the torque and rpm feedback signals, integrate the brake 
horsepower with respect to time for the cold and hot cycles. This 
produces a brake horsepower-hour value that enables the brake-specific 
emissions to be determined (see Secs. 86.1342 and 86.1343).
    (d)(1) When an engine is tested for exhaust emissions or is operated 
for service accumulation on an engine dynamometer, the complete engine 
shall be tested, with all emission control devices installed and 
functioning.
    (2) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled engines, evaporative emission 
canisters must be loaded with fuel vapors and connected to the engine. 
The canisters used for testing must be of the same design as those used 
in engine applications.
    (3) On air-cooled engines, the fan shall be installed.
    (4) Additional accessories (e.g., oil cooler, alternators, air 
compressors, etc.) may be installed or their loading simulated if 
typical of the in-use application.
    (5) The engine may be equipped with a production-type starter.
    (e) Means of engine cooling that will maintain the engine operating 
temperatures (e.g., temperatures of intake air, oil, water, etc.) at 
approximately the same temperature as specified by the manufacturer 
shall be used. An auxiliary fan(s) may be used to maintain engine 
cooling during operation on the dynamometer. Rust inhibitors and 
lubrication additives may be used, up to the levels recommended by the 
additive manufacturer. Antifreeze mixtures and other coolants typical of 
those approved for use by the manufacturer may be used.
    (f) Exhaust system.  The exhaust system term shall meet the 
following requirements:
    (1) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines. A 
chassis-type exhaust system shall be used. For all catalyst systems, the 
distance from the exhaust manifold flange(s) to the catalyst shall be 
the same as in the vehicle configuration unless the manufacturer 
provides data showing equivalent performance at another location. The 
catalyst container may be removed during all test sequences prior to the 
practice cycle, and replaced with an equivalent container having an 
inactive catalyst support.
    (2) Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines. Either a 
chassis-type or a facility-type exhaust system or both systems 
simultaneously may be used. If the engine is equipped with an exhaust 
aftertreatment device, the exhaust pipe must be the same diameter as 
found in-use for at least 4 pipe diameters upstream to the inlet of the 
beginning of the expansion section containing the aftertreatment device. 
The

[[Page 896]]

exhaust backpressure or restriction shall follow the same criteria as in 
Sec. 86.1330-90(f) and may be set with a valve (muffler omitted). The 
catalyst container may be removed during all test sequences prior to the 
practice cycle, and replaced with an equivalent container having an 
inactive catalyst support.
    (i) The engine exhaust systems shall meet the following 
requirements:
    (A) The total length of the tubing from the exit of the engine 
exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet or aftertreatment device to the 
primary dilution tunnel shall not exceed 32 feet (9.8 m).
    (B) The initial portion of the exhaust system may consist of a 
typical in-use (i.e., length, diameter, material, etc.) chassis-type 
exhaust system.
    (C) The distance from the exhaust manifold flange(s) or turbocharger 
outlet to any exhaust aftertreatment device shall be the same as in the 
vehicle configuration or within the distance specifications provided by 
the manufacturer.
    (D) For engines which are not equipped with exhaust aftertreatment 
devices, all tubing in excess of 12 feet (3.7 m) from the exit of the 
turbocharger or exhaust manifold shall be insulated. For engines 
equipped with exhaust aftertreatment devices, all tubing after the 
aftertreatment device which is in excess of 12 feet (3.7 m) shall be 
insulated.
    (E) If the tubing is required to be insulated, the radial thickness 
of the insulation must be at least 1.0 inch (25 mm). The thermal 
conductivity of the insulating material must have a value no greater 
than 0.75 BTU-in/hr/ft2/  deg.F (0.065 W/m-K) measured at 700 
 deg.F (371  deg.C).
    (F) A smoke meter or other instrumentation may be inserted into the 
exhaust system tubing. If this option is exercised in the insulated 
portion of the tubing, then a minimal amount of tubing not to exceed 18 
inches may be left uninsulated. However, no more than 12 feet (3.66 m) 
of tubing can be left uninsulated in total, including the length at the 
smoke meter.
    (ii) The facility-type exhaust system shall meet the following 
requirements:
    (A) It must be composed of smooth tubing made of typical in-use 
steel or stainless steel. This tubing shall have a maximum inside 
diameter of 6.0 in (15 cm).
    (B) Short sections (altogether not to exceed 20 percent of the 
entire tube length) of flexible tubing at connection points are allowed.

[58 FR 16064, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48533, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34374, June 30, 1995; 62 FR 47130, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1327-98  Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview.

    Section 86.1327-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1327-96. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1327-96 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1327-98, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1327-96''.
    (a) through (d)(3) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1327-96.
    (d)(4) Additional accessories (e.g., oil cooler, alternators, air 
compressors, etc.) may be installed or their loading simulated if 
typical of the in-use application. This loading shall be parasitic in 
nature and, if used, shall be applied during all engine testing 
operations, including mapping. The accessory work performed shall not be 
included in the integrated work used in emissions calculations.
    (d)(5) through (f) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1327-96.

[62 FR 47130, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1330-84  Test sequence; general requirements.

    (a) The test sequence shown in Figure N84-10 shows the major steps 
of the test procedure.

[[Page 897]]



    (b) Control of Air Temperature. (1) The temperature of the CVS 
dilution air shall be maintained above 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) for Otto 
cycle engines and between 68  deg.F and 86  deg.F (20  deg.C and 30 
deg.C) for diesel cycle engines throughout the test sequence, except as 
permitted by Sec. 86.1335-84.
    (2) For engines with auxiliary emission control devices which sense 
or detect ambient air temperature and operate at 68  deg.F or higher, 
the test cell ambient air temperature and the temperature of the engine 
intake air shall be maintained at 77  deg.F 9  deg.F (25 
deg.C 5  deg.C) throughout the test sequence. For engines 
with auxiliary emission control devices which are temperature dependent 
and operate at 68  deg.F or higher, the temperature of the engine intake 
air shall be maintained at 77  deg.F 9  deg.F (25  deg.C 
5  deg.C) throughout the test sequence.
    (3) For engines which are not equipped with temperature dependent 
auxiliary emission control devices, the test cell ambient air 
temperature and the temperature of the engine intake air shall be 
greater than 20 deg. C (68 deg. F). No corrections will be made in test 
results or measured engine power if 30 deg. C (86 deg. F) is exceeded.
    (4) The only exceptions to these temperatures are as noted in 
Sec. 86.1335-84.
    (5) For engines equipped with an air-to-air intercooler (or any 
other low temperature charge air cooling device) between the 
turbocharger compressor and the intake manifold, the procedure for 
simulating the device in the transient dynamometer test facilities shall 
follow the SAE Recommended Practice J1937, ``Engine Testing with Low 
Temperature Charge Air Cooling System in a Dynamometer Test Cell.''
    (c) No control of ambient air, engine intake air or CVS dilution air 
humidity is required.
    (d) The idle test of subpart P may be run after completion of the 
hot start exhaust emission test, if applicable.
    (e) The barometric pressure observed during the generation of the 
maximum torque curve shall not deviate more than 1 inch Hg from the 
value measured at the beginning of the map. The average barometric 
pressure observed during the exhaust emission test must be within 1 inch 
Hg of the average observed during the maximum torque curve generation.
    (f) Diesel-Fueled Engines only. (1)(i) Air inlet restriction shall 
be set to a value midway between a clean filter and the maximum 
restriction specified by the manufacturer. The exhaust restriction 
normally shall be set at 80 percent of the manufacturer's recommended 
maximum specified exhaust restriction. The manufacturer shall be liable 
for emission compliance from the minimum in-use restrictions to the 
maximum restrictions specified by the manufacturer for that particular 
engine.
    (ii) Inlet depression and exhaust backpressure shall be set with the 
engine operating at rated speed and wide open throttle, except for the 
case of inlet depression for naturally aspirated

[[Page 898]]

engines, which shall be set at maximum engine speed and nominal zero 
load (high idle).
    (iii) The location at which the inlet depression and exhaust 
backpressure is measured shall be specified by the manufacturer.
    (iv) The settings shall take place during the final mode of the 
preconditioning prior to determining the maximum torque curve.
    (2)(i) The temperature of the inlet fuel to the engine shall not 
exceed 110  deg.F (or 130  deg.F during the first 10 seconds of the hot 
start test).
    (ii) The pressure of the inlet fuel and the point at which it is 
measured shall be specified by the manufacturer.
    (g) Pre-test engine measurements (e.g., governed diesel-fueled 
engine high idle speed, diesel-fueled engine fuel flows, etc.), pre-test 
engine performance checks (e.g., verification of actual rated rpm, etc.) 
and pre-test system calibrations (e.g., inlet and exhaust restrictions, 
etc.) shall be made prior to generation of the maximum torque curve. 
This can be done during engine preconditioning, or at the manufacturer's 
convenience subject to the requirements of good engineering practice.

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 52 FR 47872, Dec. 16, 1987; 
62 FR 47130, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1330-90  Test sequence; general requirements.

    (a) The test sequence shown in Figure N84-10 shows the major steps 
of the test procedure.
    (b) Control of air temperature. (1) The temperature of the CVS 
dilution air shall be maintained at greater than 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) 
for Otto cycle engines and between 68  deg.F and 86  deg.F (20  deg.C 
and 30  deg.C) for diesel cycle engines throughout the test sequence, 
except as permitted by Sec. 86.1335-84.
    (2) For engines with auxiliary emission control devices which sense 
or detect ambient air temperature and operate at 68  deg.F or higher, 
the test cell ambient air temperature and the temperature of the engine 
intake air shall be maintained at 77  deg.F 9  deg.F (25 
deg.C 5  deg.C) throughout the test sequence. For engines 
with auxiliary emission control devices which are temperature dependent 
and operate at 68  deg.F or higher, the temperature of the engine intake 
air shall be maintained at 77  deg.F 9  deg.F (25  deg.C 
5  deg.C) throughout the test sequence.
    (3) For engines which are not equipped with temperature dependent 
auxiliary emission control devices, the test cell ambient air 
temperature and the temperature of the engine intake air shall be 
greater than 68  deg.F (20  deg.C). No corrections will be made in test 
results or measured engine power if 86  deg.F (30  deg.C) is exceeded.
    (4) The only exceptions to these temperatures are as noted in 
Sec. 86.1335.
    (5) For engines equipped with an air-to-air intercooler (or any 
other low temperature charge air cooling device) between the 
turbocharger compressor and the intake manifold, the procedure for 
simulating the device in the transient dynamometer test facilities shall 
follow the SAE Recommended Practice J1937, ``Engine Testing with Low 
Temperature Charge Air Cooling System in a Dynamometer Test Cell.''
    (c) No control of ambient air, engine intake or CVS dilution air 
humidity is required (dehumidification of the dilution air prior to 
entering the CVS is allowed).
    (d) The idle test of subpart P may be run after completion of the 
hot start exhaust emission test, if applicable.
    (e) The barometric pressure observed during the generation of the 
maximum torque curve shall not deviate more than 1 in. Hg. from the 
value measured at the beginning of the map. The average barometric 
pressure observed during the exhaust emission test must be within 1 in. 
Hg. of the average observed during the maximum torque curve generation.
    (f) Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines. (1)(i) Air 
inlet restriction shall be set to a value midway between a clean filter 
and the maximum restriction specified by the manufacturer. The exhaust 
restriction normally shall be set at 80 percent of the manufacturer's 
recommended maximum specified exhaust restriction. The manufacturer 
shall be liable for emission compliance from the minimum in-use 
restrictions to the maximum restrictions specified by the manufacturer 
for that particular engine.

[[Page 899]]

    (ii) Inlet depression and exhaust backpressure shall be set with the 
engine operating at rated speed and wide open throttle, except for the 
case of inlet depression for naturally aspirated engines, which shall be 
set at maximum engine speed and nominal zero load (high idle).
    (iii) The location at which the inlet depression and exhaust 
backpressure is measured shall be specified by the manufacturer.
    (iv) The settings shall take place during the final mode of the 
preconditioning prior to determining the maximum torque curve.
    (2)(i) The temperature of the inlet fuel to the engine shall not 
exceed 110  deg.F (or 130  deg.F during the first 10 seconds of the hot 
start test).
    (ii) The pressure of the inlet fuel and the point at which it is 
measured shall be specified by the manufacturer.
    (g) Pre-test engine measurements (e.g., governed petroleum-fueled or 
methanol-fueled diesel engine high idle speed, petroleum-fueled or 
methanol-fueled diesel engine fuel flows, etc.), pre-test engine 
performance checks (e.g., verification of actual rated rpm, etc.) and 
pre-test system calibrations (e.g., inlet and exhaust restrictions, 
etc.) shall be made prior to generation of the maximum torque curve. 
This can be done during engine preconditioning, or at the manufacturer s 
convenience subject to the requirements of good engineering practice.

[54 FR 14597, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34374, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47131, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1332-90  Engine mapping procedures.

    (a) Mount test engine on the engine dynamometer.
    (b) Determine minimum mapping speed. The minimum speed is defined as 
the warm engine curb idle rpm.
    (c) Determine maximum mapping speed per the following methodologies. 
(Note paragraph (d)(1) below.)
    (1) Otto-cycle engines. (i) For ungoverned engines using the 
transient operating cycle set forth in paragraph (f)(1) of appendix I to 
this part, the maximum mapping speed shall be no less than that 
calculated from the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.213


or when a 3.0 percent drop in maximum horsepower occurs, whichever of 
the two is greater
    (ii) For ungoverned engines using the transient operating cycle set 
forth in paragraph (f)(3) of appendix I to this part, the maximum 
mapping shall be no less than that calculated from the following 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.214


or when a 3.0 percent drop in maximum horsepower occurs, whichever of 
the two is greater
    (iii) For governed engines the maximum mapped speed shall be no less 
than either that speed at which the wide-open throttle torque drops off 
to zero, or the maximum speed as calculated for ungoverned engines 
(paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section)
    (2) Diesel engines. (i) For ungoverned engines, the maximum mapping 
speed shall be no less than that calculated from the following equation:

[[Page 900]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.215


or when a 3.0 drop in horsepower occurs, whichever of the two is greater
    (ii) For governed engines, the maximum mapping speed shall be no 
less than either that speed at which wide-open throttle torque drops off 
to zero, or the maximum speed as calculated for ungoverned engines 
(paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section).
    (d) Perform an engine power map.
    (1) During engine preparation or warm-up, the engine may be operated 
such that a preliminary estimate of measured rated rpm can be made.
    (2) Otto-cycle engines. (i) For a cold engine, start the engine and 
operate at zero load in accordance with the manufacturer's start-up and 
warm-up procedures for 1 minute 30 seconds.
    (ii) Operate the engine at a torque equivalent to 103 
percent of the most recent determination of maximum torque for 4 minutes 
30 seconds at 2000 rpm.
    (iii) Operate the engine at a torque equivalent to 555 
percent of the most recent determination of maximum torque for 35 
minutes 1 minute at 2000 rpm.
    (iv) Operate the engine at idle (minimum speed).
    (v) Open the throttle fully.
    (vi) While maintaining wide-open throttle and full-load, maintain 
minimum engine speed for at least 15 seconds. Record the average torque 
during the last 5 seconds.
    (vii) In no greater than 10020 rpm increments, determine 
the maximum torque curve from minimum speed to maximum speed. Hold each 
test point for 15 seconds, and record the average torque over the last 5 
seconds.
    (viii) Alternate mappinq technique. In place of paragraphs (d)(2) 
(vi) and (vii) of this section, a continual sweep of rpm is allowed. 
While operating at wide-open throttle, the engine speed is increased at 
an average rate of 8 rpm/sec (1 rpm/sec) from minimum speed 
to maximum speed. Speed and torque points shall be recorded at a sample 
rate of at least one point per second.
    (ix) Recalculate the maximum speed per paragraph (c)(1) (i) or (ii) 
of this section using the measured rated speed derived from the new 
maximum torque curve. If the new maximum speed lies outside the range of 
speeds encompassed by the actual map, then the map shall be considered 
void, and another map will need to be run using the newly derived 
measured rated speed in all calculations.
    (x) For warm engines, the entire warm-up procedure specified in 
paragraphs (d)(2) (i) through (iii) of this section need not be 
repeated. It is sufficient for an engine already at normal operating 
temperatures to be operated at the conditions specified in paragraph 
(d)(2)(iii) of this section until oil and water temperatures are 
stabilized, after which the procedures of paragraph (d)(2) (iv) through 
(vii) of this section may be performed. The oil and water temperatures 
are defined as stabilized if they are maintained within 2 percent of 
point for 2 minutes.
    (3) Diesel engines. (i) If the engine is cold, start and operate at 
free idle for 2 to 3 minutes.
    (ii) Operate the engine at approximately 50 percent power at the 
peak torque speed for 5 to 7 minutes.
    (iii) Operate the engine at rated speed and wide-open throttle for 
25 to 30 minutes.
    (iv) Option. The engine may be pre-conditioned by operating at rated 
speed and maximum horsepower until the oil and water temperatures are 
stabilized. The temperatures are defined as stabilized if they are 
maintained within 2 percent of point for 2 minutes. This optional 
procedure may be substituted for paragraph (d)(3)(iii) of this section.
    (v) Unload the engine and operate at the curb idle speed.
    (vi) Operate the engine at wide open throttle and minimum engine 
speed. Increase the engine speed at an average rate of 8 rpm/sec 
(1 rpm/sec) from minimum to maximum speed. Engine speed and 
torque points shall be recorded at a sample rate of at least one point 
per second.

[[Page 901]]

    (vii) Recalculate the maximum speed per paragraph (c)(2) (i) or (ii) 
of this section using the measured rated speed derived from the new 
maximum torque curve. If the new maximum speed lies outside the range of 
speeds encompassed by the actual map, then the map shall be considered 
void. The entire mapping procedure shall be repeated, using the newly 
derived measured rated speed in all calculations.
    (viii) For warm engines, the entire warm-up procedure specified in 
paragraphs (d)(3) (i) through (iv) of this section need not be repeated. 
It is sufficient for an engine already at normal operating temperatures 
to be operated per the requirements of paragraph (d)(3)(iv) of this 
section, after which the procedures of paragraph (d)(3) (v) through (vi) 
of this section may be performed.
    (e) Mapping curve generation.
    (1) Otto-cycle engines. (i) Fit all data points recorded under 
paragraphs (d)(2) (vi) and (vii) of this section (100 rpm increments) 
with a cubic spline, Akima, or other technique approved in advance by 
the Administrator. The resultant curve shall be accurate to within 
1.0 ft-lbs of all recorded engine torques.
    (ii) All points generated under the continuous rpm sweep by 
paragraphs (d)(2) (vi) and (viii) of this section shall be connected by 
linear interpolation between points.
    (iii) For governed engines, all points above the maximum speed (see 
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section) shall be assigned maximum torque 
values of zero for purposes of cycle generation.
    (iv) For all engines, all speed points below the minimum speed shall 
be assigned a maximum torque value equal to that observed at minimum 
speed for purposes of cycle generation.
    (v) The torque curve resulting from paragraphs (e)(1) (i) through 
(iv) of this section is the mapping curve and will be used to convert 
the normalized torque values in the engine cycle (see paragraph (f)(1) 
of appendix I to this part) to actual torque values for the test cycle.
    (2) Diesel engines. (i) Connect all data points recorded under 
paragraph (d)(3)(vi) of this section using linear interpolation between 
points.
    (ii) For governed engines, all points above the maximum speed (see 
paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section) shall be assigned maximum torque 
values of zero for purposes of cycle generation.
    (iii) For all engines, all speed points below the minimum speed 
shall be assigned a maximum torque value equal to that observed at the 
minimum speed for purposes of cycle generation.
    (iv) The torque curve resulting from paragraphs (e)(2) (i) through 
(iii) of this section is the mapping curve and will be used to convert 
the normalized torque values in the engine cycle (see paragraph (f)(2) 
of appendix I to this part) into actual torque values for the test 
cycle.
    (f) Alternate mapping. If a manufacturer believes that the above 
mapping techniques are unsafe or unrepresentative for any given engine 
or engine family, alternate mapping techniques may be used. These 
alternate techniques must satisfy the intent of the specified mapping 
procedures to determine the maximum available torque at all engine 
speeds achieved during the test cycles. Deviations from the mapping 
techniques specified in this section for reasons of safety or 
representativeness shall be reported per Sec. 86.1344(e)(6), along with 
the justification for their use. In no case, however, shall descending 
continual sweeps of rpm be used for governed or turbocharged engines.
    (g) Replicate Tests. An engine need not be mapped before each and 
every cold cycle test. An engine shall be remapped prior to a cold cycle 
test if:
    (1) An unreasonable amount of time has transpired since the last 
map, as determined by engineering judgment, or
    (2) The barometric pressure prior to the start of the cold cycle 
test has changed more than 1 in hg. from the average barometric pressure 
observed durinq the map, or
    (3) Physical changes or recalibrations have been made to the engine 
which may potentially affect engine performance.

[54 FR 14597, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48533, Sept. 21, 1994]

[[Page 902]]



Sec. 86.1333-90  Transient test cycle generation.

    (a) The heavy-duty transient engine cycles for Otto-cycle and diesel 
engines are listed in appendix I ((f) (1), (2) and (3)) to this part. 
These second-by-second listings represent torque and rpm maneuvers 
characteristic of heavy-duty engines. Both rpm and torque are normalized 
(expressed as a percentage of maximum) in these listings.
    (1) To unnormalize rpm, use the following equation:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.216
    

The method of calculating measured rated rpm is detailed in paragraph 
(g) of this section.
    (2) Torque is normalized to the maximum torque at the rpm listed 
with it. Therefore, to unnormalize the torque values in the cycle, the 
maximum torque curve for the engine in question must be used. The 
generation of the maximum torque curve is described in Sec. 86.1332.
    (3) The EPA Engine Dynamometer Schedule for Heavy Duty Diesel 
Engines listed in appendix I (f)(2) contains torque points referred to 
as ``closed rack motoring.'' For reference cycle calculation torque 
points shall take on unnormalized values determined in either of the 
following three ways:
    (i) Negative 40 percent of the positive torque available at the 
associated speed point. The generation of this positive maximum torque 
curve is described in Sec. 86.1332.
    (ii) Map the amount of negative torque required to motor the engine 
between idle and maximum mapping speed and use this map to determine the 
amount of negative torque required at the associated speed point.
    (iii) Determine the amount of negative torque required to motor the 
engine at idle and rated speeds and linearly interpolate using these two 
points.
    (b) Example of the unnormalization procedure. The following test 
point shall be unnormalized:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.219


Given the following values:
    Measured Rated rpm = 3800.
    Curb Idle rpm = 600.
    (1) Calculate actual rpm:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.217
    
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.218
    
    (2) Determine actual torque: Determine the maximum observed torque 
at 1976 rpm from the maximum torque curve. Then multiply this value 
(e.g., 358 ft-lbs) by 0.82. This results in an actual torque of 294 ft-
lbs.
    (c) Engine speed and torque shall be recorded at least once every 
second during the cold start test and hot start test. The torque and rpm 
feedback signals may be filtered.
    (d) Idle Speed Enhancement Devices (e.g. cold idle, alternator idle, 
etc.). For an engine equipped with an idle speed enhancement device, the 
zero percent speed specified in the engine dynamometer schedules 
(appendix I (f)(1), (f)(2),

[[Page 903]]

or (f)(3) to this part) does not apply. The idle speed shall be the 
speed that results from the proper operation of the engine's idle speed 
enhancement device.
    (1) During idle speed enhancement device operation, a manual 
transmission engine shall be allowed to idle at whatever speed is 
required to target a feedback torque equal to zero (using, for example, 
clutch disengagement, speed to torque control switching, software 
overrides, etc.) at those points in appendix I(f)(1), (f)(2), or (f)(3) 
to this part where both reference speed and reference torque are zero 
percent values. For each idle segment that is ten seconds or longer, the 
average feedback torque must be within 10 ft-lbs of zero. To 
allow for transition, up to the first four seconds may be deleted from 
each idle segment calculation.
    (2) During idle speed enhancement device operation, an automatic 
transmission engine shall be allowed to idle at whatever speed is 
required to target a feedback torque equal to CITT (see paragraph (e)(2) 
of this section for definition of CITT) at those points in appendix 
I(f)(1), (f)(2), or (f)(3) to this part where both reference speed and 
reference torque are zero percent values. For each idle segment that is 
ten seconds or longer, the average feedback torque must be within 
10 ft-lbs of CITT. To allow for transition, up to the first 
four seconds may be deleted from each idle segment calculation.
    (e) Automatic transmissions. The reference cycles in paragraphs (f) 
(1) and (2) of appendix I to this part shall be altered for test engines 
intended primarily for use with automatic transmissions.
    (1) Zero percent speed for automatic transmission engines is defined 
as curb idle rpm (i.e., in-vehicle, coupled with automatic transmission 
in gear).
    (2) All zero-percent speed, zero-percent torque points (idle points) 
shall be modified to zero percent speed, Curb Idle Transmission Torque 
(CITT), except as permitted in Sec. 86.1337-90(a)(9). Also, all points 
with speed equal to or less than zero percent and torque less than CITT 
shall be modified to CITT. Motoring torque shall remain unchanged. In 
order to provide a smooth torque transition, all consecutive torque 
points that are between 0 and CITT shall be changed to CITT if the first 
of these is preceded or the last of these is succeeded by idle points. 
The manufacturer's specified CITT shall be based upon that value 
observed in typical applications at the mean of the manufacturers' 
specified idle speed range at stabilized temperature conditions.
    (f) Clutch operation. Manual transmission engines may be tested with 
a clutch. If used, the clutch shall be disengaged at all zero percent 
speeds, zero percent torque points, but may be engaged up to two points 
preceeding a non-zero point, and may be engaged for time segments with 
zero percent speed and torque points of durations less than four 
seconds. (See Sec. 86.1341 for allowances in the cycle validation 
criteria.)
    (g) Measured rated rpm. The measured rated rpm corresponds to the 
100 percent rpm values specified in the reference cycles (paragraphs (f) 
(1) and (2) of appendix I to this part). It is generally intended to 
represent the rpm at which maximum brake horsepower occurs. For the 
purposes of this test sequence, it shall either be defined as the 
manufacturer's specified rated speed, or calculated in the following 
way, whichever yields the higher speed:
    (1) From the maximum torque curve generated per Sec. 86.1332, find 
the maximum observed brake horsepower of the engine.
    (2) Calculate 98 percent of the observed maximum brake horsepower, 
and determine from the maximum torque curve the highest and lowest 
engine rpms at which this brake horsepower is observed.
    (3) The highest and lowest of the 98 percent power rpms represent 
the endpoints of an rpm range. The midpoint of this range shall be 
considered the measured rated rpm for cycle generation purposes.

[54 FR 14599, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 62 FR 47131, Sept. 5, 1997; 
63 FR 24449, May 4. 1998; 65 FR 8279, Feb. 18, 2000]



Sec. 86.1334-84  Pre-test engine and dynamometer preparation.

    (a) Control system calibration. (1) Before the cold soak or cool 
down, final calibration of the dynamometer and

[[Page 904]]

throttle control systems may be performed. These calibrations may 
consist of steady-state operations and/or actual practice cycle runs.
    (2) Following any practice runs or calibration procedures, the 
engine shall be cooled per Sec. 86.1335-90.
    (b) [Reserved]

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48145, Dec. 10, 1984; 
52 FR 47874, Dec. 16, 1987; 62 FR 47131, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1335-90  Cool-down procedure.

    (a) This cool-down procedure applies to Otto-cycle and diesel 
engines.
    (b) Engines may be soaked at ambient conditions. No substances or 
fluids may be applied to the engine's internal or external surfaces 
except for water and air as prescribed in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 
section.
    (c) For water-cooled engines, two types of cooling are permitted:
    (1) Water may be circulated through the engine's water coolant 
system.
    (i) The coolant may be flowed in either direction and at any desired 
flow rate. The thermostat may be removed or blocked open during the 
cool-down but must be restored before the exhaust emissions test begins.
    (ii) The temperature of the circulated or injected water shall be at 
least 10  deg.C (50  deg.F). In addition, the temperature of the cooling 
water shall not exceed 30  deg.C (86  deg.F) during the last 30 minutes 
of the cool-down.
    (iii) Only water, including the use of a building's standard water 
supply, or the coolant type that is already in the engine (per 
Sec. 86.1327-90(e)) is permitted for cool-down purposes.
    (2) Flows of air may be directed at the exterior of the engine.
    (i) The air shall be directed essentially uniformly over the 
exterior surface of the engine at any desired flow rate.
    (ii) The temperature of the cooling air shall not exceed 86  deg.F 
(30  deg.C) during the last 30 minutes of the cool-down, but may be less 
than 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) at any time.
    (d) For air-cooled engines, only cooling as prescribed in paragraph 
(c)(2) of this section is permitted.
    (e)(1) The cold cycle exhaust emission test may begin after a cool-
down only when the engine oil and water temperatures are stabilized 
between 68  deg.F and 86  deg.F (20  deg.C and 30  deg.C) for a minimum 
of fifteen minutes.
    (i) These temperature measurements are to be made by temperature 
measurement devices immersed in the sump oil and in the thermostat 
housing or cylinder head cooling circuit, the sensor parts of which are 
not in contact with any engine surface.
    (ii) The flow of oil and water shall be shut off during this 
measurement. Air flow, except as necessary to keep the cell temperature 
between 68  deg.F and 86  deg.F (20  deg.C and 30  deg.C), shall be shut 
off. No engine oil change is permitted during the test sequence.
    (2) Direct cooling of engine oil through the use of oil coolers or 
heat exchangers is permitted. The cold cycle emission test may begin 
only when the requirements in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) are met.
    (3) Any other means for the direct cooling of the engine oil must be 
approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (f)(1) The cold cycle exhaust emission test for engines equipped 
with exhaust aftertreatment devices may begin after a cool-down only 
when the aftertreatment device is 77  deg.F 9  deg.F (25 
deg.C 5  deg.C), in addition to the temperature restrictions 
in paragraph (e) of this section. For catalysts, this temperature must 
be measured at the outlet of the catalyst bed.
    (2) Exhaust aftertreatment device cool-down may be accomplished in 
whatever manner and using whatever coolant deemed appropriate by proper 
engineering judgment. The aftertreatment device, engine, and exhaust 
piping configurations shall not be separated, altered, or moved in any 
way during the cool-down.
    (g) For engines with auxiliary emission control devices which are 
temperature dependent, the cold start shall not begin until the 
temperature readings of the auxiliary emission control devices are 
stable at 77  deg.F 9  deg.F (25  deg.C 5 
deg.C).
    (h) At the completion of the cool-down all of the general 
requirements specified in Sec. 86.1330, the oil temperature 
specification set forth in paragraph (e) of this section, and the 
catalyst temperature specifications in

[[Page 905]]

paragraph (f) of this section must be met before the cold cycle exhaust 
emission test may begin.

[62 FR 47131, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1336-84  Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.

    (a) The engine shall be started according to the manufacturer's 
recommended starting procedure in the owner's manual, using either a 
production starter motor or the dynamometer. The speed at which the 
engine is cranked (motored) with the dynamometer shall be equal to the 
cranking speed (nominal speed plus-minus10 percent) in the 
vehicle with a fully charged battery. The time taken to accelerate the 
engine to cranking speed by the dynamometer shall be equal (nominal 
plus-minus0.5 seconds) to the time required with a starter 
motor. Motoring by the dynamometer shall be terminated not more than one 
second after the engine starts. The 24 plus-minus1-second 
free idle period, and declutching if applicable, shall begin when the 
engine is determined to have started.
    (1) Engines equipped with automatic chokes shall be operated 
according to the manufacturer's operating instructions in the owner's 
manual, including choke setting and ``kick-down'' from cold fast idle.
    (2) Engines equipped with manual chokes shall be operated according 
to the manufacturer's operating instructions in the owner's manual.
    (3) The operator may use the choke, throttle, etc. where necessary 
to keep the engine running.
    (4) If the manufacturer's operating instructions in the owner's 
manual do not specify a warm engine starting procedure, the engine 
(automatic and manual choke engines) shall be started by depressing the 
throttle half way and cranking the engine until it starts.
    (b)(1) If the engine does not start after 15 seconds of cranking, 
cranking shall cease and the reason for failure to start shall be 
determined. The gas flow measuring device (or revolution counter) on the 
constant volume sampler (and the hydrocarbon integrator when testing 
diesel-fueled engines) shall be turned off during this diagnostic 
period. In addition, either the CVS should be turned off or the exhaust 
tube disconnected from the tailpipe during the diagnostic period. If 
failure to start is an operational error, the engine shall be 
rescheduled for testing from a cold start.
    (2) If longer cranking times are necessary and recommended to the 
ultimate purchaser, such cranking times may be used in lieu of the 15-
second limit, provided the owner's manual and the service repair manual 
indicate that the longer cranking times are normal.
    (3) If a failure to start occurs during the cold portion of the test 
and is caused by an engine malfunction, corrective action of less than 
30 minutes duration may be taken (according to Sec. 86.084-25), and the 
test continued. The sampling system shall be reactivated at the same 
time cranking begins. When the engine starts, the timing sequence shall 
begin. If failure to start is caused by engine malfunction and the 
engine cannot be started, the test shall be voided and corrective action 
may be taken according to Sec. 86.084-25.
    (4) If a failure to start occurs during the hot start portion of the 
test and is caused by engine malfunction, the engine must be started 
within one minute of key on. The sampling system shall be reactivated at 
the same time cranking begins. When the engine starts, the transient 
engine cycle timing sequence shall begin. If the engine cannot be 
started within one minute of key on, the test shall be voided, 
corrective action taken (according to Sec. 86.084-25), and the engine 
rescheduled for testing.
    (c) Engine stalling. (1) If the engine stalls during the initial 
idle period of either the cold or hot start test, the engine shall be 
restarted immediately using the appropriate cold or hot starting 
procedure and the test continued.
    (2) If the engine stalls anywhere in the cold cycle, except in the 
initial idle period, the test shall be voided.
    (3) If the engine stalls on the hot cycle portion of the test at any 
time other than the initial idle, the engine may be shut off and 
resoaked for 20 minutes. The hot cycle may then be rerun. Only one hot 
start resoak and restart is permitted.
    (d) Engine shutdown. Engine shutdown shall be performed in 
accordance with manufacturer's specifications.

[[Page 906]]

    (e) Test equipment malfunction--(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled 
engines. If a malfunction occurs in any of the required test equipment 
during the test run, the test shall be voided.
    (2) Diesel-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled engines. (i) If a malfunction occurs in any of the required test 
equipment during the cold cycle portion of the test, the test shall be 
voided.
    (ii) If a malfunction occurs in any of the required test equipment 
(computer, gaseous emissions analyzer, etc.) during the hot cycle 
portion of the test, complete the full engine cycle before engine shut-
down then resoak for 20 minutes.
    (A) If the test equipment malfunction can be corrected before the 
resoak period has been completed, the hot cycle portion of the test may 
be rerun.
    (B)(1) If the test equipment malfunction is corrected after the 
completion of the resoak period, then the preconditioning cycle must be 
run before the hot cycle. This consists of a full 20 minute transient 
cycle followed by a 20 minute soak and then the for-record hot cycle.
    (2) In no case can the start of the cold cycle and the start of the 
hot cycle be separated by more than 4 hours.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[48 FR 52210, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48145, Dec. 10, 1984; 
50 FR 10694, Mar. 15, 1985; 52 FR 47874, Dec. 16, 1987; 58 FR 16065, 
Mar. 24, 1993; 59 FR 48533, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1337-90  Engine dynamometer test run.

    (a) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Prepare the engine, dynamometer, and sampling system for the 
cold-start test. Change filters, etc., and leak check as necessary.
    Note: For a single dilution particulate system, a propane check will 
not reveal a pressure side leak (that portion of the system downstream 
of the pump) since the volume concentration in ppm will not change if a 
portion of the sample is lost. A separate leak check is needed.
    A leak check of a filter assembly that has only one seal ring in 
contact with the filter media will not detect a leak when tested under 
vacuum. A pressure leak test should be performed.
    (2) Connect evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute exhaust 
and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (3) For methanol-fueled vehicles, install fresh methanol and 
formaldehyde impingers (or cartridges) in the exhaust and dilution air 
sample systems for methanol and formaldehyde. A single dilution air 
sample covering the total test period may be utilized for methanol and 
formaldehyde background. (Background measurements of methanol and 
formaldehyde may be omitted and concentrations assumed to be zero for 
calculations in Sec. 86.1344.)
    (4) Attach the CVS to the engine exhaust system any time prior to 
starting the CVS.
    (5) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps (except for 
the particulate sample pump(s), if applicable), the engine cooling 
fan(s), and the data collection system. The heat exchanger of the 
constant volume sampler (if used), and the heated components of any 
continuous sampling system(s) (if applicable) shall be preheated to 
their designated operating temperatures before the test begins. (See 
Sec. 86.1340(e) for continuous sampling procedures.)
    (6) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rates and set 
the CVS gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    Note: CFV-CVS sample flow rate is fixed by the venturi design.
    (7) For diesel engines tested for particulate emissions, carefully 
install a clean particulate sample filter into each of the filter 
holders and install the assembled filter holders in the sample flow line 
(filter holders may be preassembled).
    (8) Follow the manufacturers choke and throttle instructions for 
cold starting. Simultaneously start the engine and begin exhaust and 
dilution air sampling. For petroleum-fueled diesel engines (and natural 
gas-fueled, liquified petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled diesels, 
if used), turn on the hydrocarbon and NOX (and CO and 
CO2, if continuous) analyzer system integrators (if used), 
and turn on the particulate sample pumps and indicate the start of the 
test on the data collection medium.
    (9) As soon as it is determined that the engine is started, start a 
``free

[[Page 907]]

idle'' timer. Allow the engine to idle freely with no-load for 24 
1 seconds. This idle period for automatic transmission 
engines may be interpreted as an idle speed in neutral or park. All 
other idle conditions shall be interpreted as an idle speed in gear. It 
is permissible to lug the engine down to curb idle speed during the last 
8 seconds of the free idle period for the purpose of engaging 
dynamometer control loops.
    (10) Begin the transient engine cycles such that the first non-idle 
record of the cycle occurs at 251 seconds. The free idle 
time is included in the 251 seconds.
    (i) During diesel particulate sampling it must be demonstrated that 
the ratio of main tunnel flow to particulate sample flow does not change 
by more than 5.0 percent of its set point value (except for 
the first 10 seconds of sampling).

    Note: For double dilution operation, sample flow is the net 
difference between the flow rate through the sample filters and the 
secondary dilution air flow rate.

    (ii) Record the average temperature and pressure at the gas meter(s) 
or flow instrumentation inlet, where needed to calculate flow. If the 
set flow rate cannot be maintained because of high particulate loading 
on the filter, the test shall be terminated. The test shall be rerun 
using a lower flow rate and/or a larger diameter filter.
    (11) Begin the transient engine cycles such that the first non-idle 
record of the cycle occurs at 25 1 seconds. The free idle 
time is included in the 25 1 seconds.
    (12) On the last record of the cycle, cease sampling. Immediately 
turn the engine off, and start a hot-soak timer. Also turn off the 
particulate sample pumps, the gas flow measuring device(s) and any 
continuous analyzer system integrators and indicate the end of the test 
on the data collection medium. Sampling systems should continue to 
sample after the end of the test cycle until system response times have 
elapsed.
    (13) Immediately after the engine is turned off, turn off the engine 
cooling fan(s) if used, and the CVS blower (or disconnect the exhaust 
system from the CVS). As soon as possible, transfer the ``cold start 
cycle'' exhaust and dilution air bag samples to the analytical system 
and process the samples according to Sec. 86.1340. A stabilized reading 
of the exhaust sample on all analyzers shall be obtained within 20 
minutes of the end of the sample collection phase of the test. Analysis 
of the methanol and formaldehyde samples shall be obtained within 24 
hours of the end of the sample collection period. For petroleum-fueled 
and methanol-fueled diesel engines, carefully remove the filter holder 
from the sample flow apparatus, and remove each particulate sample 
filter from its holder and invert the secondary filter and place it 
stain side to stain side on top of the primary filter. Place the filter 
pair in a petri dish and cover.
    (14) Allow the engine to soak for 201 minutes.
    (15) Prepare the engine and dynamometer for the hot start test.
    (16) Connect evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute exhaust 
and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (17) Install fresh methanol and formaldehyde impingers (or capsules) 
in the exhaust and dilution air sample systems for methanol and 
formaldehyde.
    (18) Start the CVS (if not already on) or connect the exhaust system 
to the CVS (if disconnected). Start the sample pumps (except the 
particulate sample pump(s), if applicable), the engine cooling fan(s) 
and the data collection system. The heat exchanger of the constant 
volume sampler (if used) and the heated components of any continuous 
sampling system(s) (if applicable) shall be preheated to their 
designated operating temperatures before the test begins. See 
Sec. 86.1340(e) for continuous sampling procedures.
    (19) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the CVS gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (20) For diesel engines tested for particulate, carefully install a 
clean particulate filter in each of the filter holders and install 
assembled filter holders in the sample flow line (filter holders may be 
preassembled).
    (21) Follow the manufacturer's choke and throttle instruction for 
hot starting. Simultaneously start the engine and begin exhaust and 
dilution air sampling. For diesel engines, turn on

[[Page 908]]

the hydrocarbon and NOX (and CO and CO2, if 
continuous) analyzer system integrators (if used), indicate the start of 
the test on the data collection medium, and turn on the particulate 
sample pump(s).
    (22) As soon as it is determined that the engine is started, start a 
``free idle'' timer.
    (23) Allow the engine to idle freely with no-load for 24 
1 seconds. The provisions and interpretations of paragraph 
(a)(9) of this section apply.
    (24) Begin the transient-engine cycle such that the first non-idle 
record of the cycle occurs at 251 seconds. The free idle is 
included in the 251 seconds.
    (25) On the last record of the cycle, allow sampling system response 
times to elapse and cease sampling. Turn off the particulate sample 
pump(s) (if appropriate), the gas flow measuring device(s) and any 
continuous analyzer system integrators and indicate the end of the test 
on the data collection medium.
    (26) As soon as possible, transfer the ``hot start cycle'' exhaust 
and dilution air bag samples to the analytical system and process the 
samples according to Sec. 86.1340. A stabilized reading of the exhaust 
sample on all analyzers shall be obtained within 20 minutes of the end 
of the sample collection phase of the test. Analyze the methanol and 
formaldehyde samples within 24 hours. (If it is not possible to perform 
analysis within 24 hours, the samples should be stored in a cold 
(approximately 0  deg.C) dark environment until analysis can be 
performed). For petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines, 
carefully remove the assembled filter holder from the sample flow lines 
and remove each particulate sample filter from its holder and invert the 
secondary filter and place it stain side to stain side on top of the 
primary filter. Place the filter pairs in a clean petri dish and cover 
as soon as possible. Within 1 hour after the end of the hot start phase 
of the test, transfer the particulate filters to the weighing chamber 
for post-test conditioning.
    (27) The CVS and the engine may be turned off, if desired.
    (b) The procedure in paragraph (a) of this section is designed for 
one sample bag for the cold start portion and one for the hot start 
portion. It is also permissible to use more than one sample bag per test 
portion.
    (c) If a dynamometer test run is determined to be void, corrective 
action may be taken. The engine may then be allowed to cool (naturally 
or forced) and the dynamometer test rerun per paragraph (a) or (b) of 
this section.

[54 FR 14600, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 48533, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34374, June 30, 1995; 62 FR 47132, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1337-96  Engine dynamometer test run.

    (a) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (1) Prepare for the cold-start test. (i) For gasoline- and methanol-
fueled engines only, evaporative emission canisters shall be prepared 
for use in this testing in accordance with the procedures specified in 
Sec. 86.1232-96 (h) or (j). The size of the canisters used for testing 
shall correspond with the largest canister capacity expected in the 
range of vehicle applications for each engine. The Administrator may, at 
his discretion, use a smaller canister capacity. Attach the evaporative 
emission canister(s) to the engine, using the canister purge plumbing 
and controls employed in vehicle applications of the engine being 
tested. Plug the canister port that is normally connected to the fuel 
tank.
    (ii) Prepare the engine, dynamometer, and sampling system.
    (iii) Change filters, etc., and leak check as necessary. For a 
single dilution particulate system, a propane check will not reveal a 
pressure side leak (that portion of the system downstream of the pump) 
since the volume concentration in ppm will not change if a portion of 
the sample is lost. A separate leak check is needed. A leak check of a 
filter assembly that has only one seal ring in contact with the filter 
media will not detect a leak when tested under vacuum. A pressure leak 
test should be performed.
    (2) Connect evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute exhaust 
and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (3) For methanol-fueled vehicles, install fresh methanol and 
formaldehyde impingers (or cartridges) in the exhaust and dilution air 
sample systems

[[Page 909]]

for methanol and formaldehyde. A single dilution air sample covering the 
total test period may be utilized for methanol and formaldehyde 
background. (Background measurements of methanol and formaldehyde may be 
omitted and concentrations assumed to be zero for calculations in 
Sec. 86.1344.)
    (4) Attach the CVS to the engine exhaust system any time prior to 
starting the CVS.
    (5) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps (except for 
the particulate sample pump(s), if applicable), the engine cooling 
fan(s), and the data collection system. The heat exchanger of the 
constant volume sampler (if used), and the heated components of any 
continuous sampling system(s) (if applicable) shall be preheated to 
their designated operating temperatures before the test begins. (See 
Sec. 86.1340(e) for continuous sampling procedures.)
    (6) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rates and set 
the CVS gas flow measuring devices to zero. CFV-CVS sample flow rate is 
fixed by the venturi design.
    (7) For diesel engines tested for particulate emissions, carefully 
install a clean particulate sample filter into each of the filter 
holders and install the assembled filter holders in the sample flow line 
(filter holders may be preassembled).
    (8) Follow the manufacturer's choke and throttle instructions for 
cold starting. Simultaneously start the engine and begin exhaust and 
dilution air sampling. For petroleum-fueled diesel engines (and natural 
gas-fueled, liquified petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled diesels, 
if used) turn on the hydrocarbon and NOX (and CO and 
CO2, if continuous) analyzer system integrators (if used), 
and turn on the particulate sample pumps and indicate the start of the 
test on the data collection medium.
    (9) As soon as it is determined that the engine is started, start a 
``free idle'' timer. Allow the engine to idle freely with no-load for 
241 seconds. This idle period for automatic transmission 
engines may be interpreted as an idle speed in neutral or park. All 
other idle conditions shall be interpreted as an idle speed in gear. It 
is permissible to lug the engine down to curb idle speed during the last 
8 seconds of the free idle period for the purpose of engaging 
dynamometer control loops.
    (10) Begin the transient engine cycles such that the first non-idle 
record of the cycle occurs at 251 seconds. The free idle 
time is included in the 251 seconds.
    (i) During diesel particulate sampling it must be demonstrated that 
the ratio of main tunnel flow to particulate sample flow does not change 
by more than 5.0 percent of its set point value (except for 
the first 10 seconds of sampling). For double dilution operation, sample 
flow is the net difference between the flow rate through the sample 
filters and the secondary dilution air flow rate.
    (ii) Record the average temperature and pressure at the gas meter(s) 
or flow instrumentation inlet, where needed to calculate flow. If the 
set flow rate cannot be maintained because of high particulate loading 
on the filter, the test shall be terminated. The test shall be rerun 
using a lower flow rate and/or a larger diameter filter.
    (11) Begin the transient engine cycles such that the first non-idle 
record of the cycle occurs at 251 seconds. The free idle 
time is included in the 251 seconds.
    (12) On the last record of the cycle, cease sampling. Immediately 
turn the engine off and start a hot-soak timer. Also turn off the 
particulate sample pumps, the gas flow measuring device(s) and any 
continuous analyzer system integrator and indicate the end of the test 
on the data collection medium. Sampling systems should continue to 
sample after the end of the test cycle until system response times have 
elapsed.
    (13) Immediately after the engine is turned off, turn off the engine 
cooling fan(s) if used, and the CVS blower (or disconnect the exhaust 
system from the CVS). As soon as possible, transfer the ``cold start 
cycle'' exhaust and dilution air bag samples to the analytical system 
and process the samples according to Sec. 86.1340. A stabilized reading 
of the exhaust sample on all analyzers shall be obtained within 20 
minutes of the end of the sample collection phase of the test. Analysis 
of the methanol

[[Page 910]]

and formaldehyde samples shall be obtained within 24 hours of the end of 
the sample collection period. For petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled 
diesel engines, carefully remove the filter holder from the sample flow 
apparatus, remove each particulate sample filter from its holder and 
invert the secondary filter and place it stain side to stain side on top 
of the primary filter. Place the filter pair in a petri dish and cover.
    (14) Allow the engine to soak for 201 minutes.
    (15) Prepare the engine and dynamometer for the hot start test.
    (16) Connect evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute exhaust 
and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (17) Install fresh methanol and formaldehyde impingers (or capsules) 
in the exhaust and dilution air sample systems for methanol and 
formaldehyde.
    (18) Start the CVS (if not already on) or connect the exhaust system 
to the CVS (if disconnected). Start the sample pumps (except the 
particulate sample pump(s), if applicable), the engine cooling fan(s) 
and the data collection system. The heat exchanger of the constant 
volume sampler (if used) and the heated components of any continuous 
sampling system(s) (if applicable) shall be preheated to their 
designated operating temperatures before the test begins. See 
Sec. 86.1340(e) for continuous sampling procedures.
    (19) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the CVS gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (20) For diesel engines tested for particulate, carefully install a 
clean particulate filter in each of the filter holders and install 
assembled filter holders in the sample flow line (filter holders may be 
preassembled).
    (21) Follow the manufacturer's choke and throttle instruction for 
hot starting. Simultaneously start the engine and begin exhaust and 
dilution air sampling. For diesel engines, turn on the hydrocarbon and 
NOX (and CO and CO2, if continuous) analyzer 
system integrator (if used), indicate the start of the test on the data 
collection medium, and turn on the particulate sample pump(s).
    (22) As soon as it is determined that the engine is started, start a 
``free idle'' timer.
    (23) Allow the engine to idle freely with no-load for 
241 seconds. The provisions and interpretations of paragraph 
(a)(9) of this section apply.
    (24) Begin the transient-engine cycle such that the first non-idle 
record of the cycle occurs at 251 seconds. The free idle is 
included in the 251 seconds.
    (25) On the last record of the cycle, allow sampling system response 
times to elapse and cease sampling. Turn off the particulate sample 
pump(s) (if appropriate), the gas flow measuring device(s) and any 
continuous analyzer system integrator and indicate the end of the test 
on the data collection medium.
    (26) As soon as possible, transfer the ``hot start cycle'' exhaust 
and dilution air bag samples to the analytical system and process the 
samples according to Sec. 86.1340. A stabilized reading of the exhaust 
sample on all analyzers shall be obtained within 20 minutes of the end 
of the sample collection phase of the test. Analyze the methanol and 
formaldehyde samples within 24 hours. (If it is not possible to perform 
analysis within 24 hours, the samples should be stored in a cold 
(approximately 0  deg.C) dark environment until analysis can be 
performed). For petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines, 
carefully remove the assembled filter holder from the sample flow lines 
and remove each particulate sample filter from its holder and invert the 
secondary filter and place it stain side to stain side on top of the 
primary filter. Place the filter pairs in a clean petri dish and cover 
as soon as possible. Within 1 hour after the end of the hot start phase 
of the test, transfer the particulate filters to the weighing chamber 
for post-test conditioning.
    (27) The CVS and the engine may be turned off, if desired.
    (b) The procedure in paragraph (a) of this section is designed for 
one sample bag for the cold start portion and one for the hot start 
portion. It is also permissible to use more than one sample bag per test 
portion.
    (c) If a dynamometer test run is determined to be void, corrective 
action may be taken. The engine may then be

[[Page 911]]

allowed to cool (naturally or forced) and the dynamometer test rerun per 
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.

[58 FR 16065, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 48533, Sept. 21, 1994; 
60 FR 34375, June 30, 1995; 62 FR 47133, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1338-84  Emission measurement accuracy.

    (a) Measurement accuracy--Bag sampling. (1) Good engineering 
practice dictates that exhaust emission sample analyzer readings below 
15 percent of full scale chart deflection should generally not be used.
    (2) Some high resolution read-out systems such as computers, data 
loggers, etc., can provide sufficient accuracy and resolution below 15 
percent of full scale. Such systems may be used provided that additional 
calibrations of at least 4 non-zero nominally equally spaced points, 
using good engineering judgement, below 15 percent of full scale are 
made to ensure the accuracy of the calibration curves.
    (3) The following procedure shall be followed:
    (i) Span the analyzer using a calibration gas that meets the 
accuracy requirements of Sec. 86.1314-84(f)(2), is within the operating 
range of the analyzer and at least 90% of full scale.
    (ii) Generate calibration data over the full concentration range at 
a minimum of 6, approximately equally spaced, points (e.g. 15, 30, 45, 
60, 75 and 90 percent of the range of concentrations provided by the gas 
divider). If a gas divider or blender is being used to calibrate the 
analyzer and the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this section are 
met, verify that a second calibration gas with a concentration between 
10 and 20 percent of full scale can be named within 2 percent of its 
certified concentration. If more calibration points are needed to meet 
the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this section, continue with 
paragraph (a)(3)(iii) of this section.
    (iii) If a gas divider or blender is being used to calibrate the 
analyzer, input the value of a second calibration gas (a span gas may be 
used for calibrating a CO2 analyzer) having a named 
concentration between 10 and 20 percent of full scale. This gas shall be 
included on the calibration curve. Continue adding calibration points by 
dividing this gas until the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section are met.
    (iv) Fit a calibration curve per Secs. 86.1321 through 86.1324 for 
the full scale range of the analyzer using the calibration data obtained 
with both calibration gases.
    (b) Measurement accuracy--Continuous sampling. (1) Analyzers used 
for continuous analysis must be operated such that the measured 
concentration falls between 15 and 100 percent of full scale chart 
deflection. Exceptions to these limits are:
    (i) Analyzer response less than 15 percent or more than 100 percent 
of full scale may be used if automatic range change circuitry is used 
and the limits for range changes are between 15 and 100 percent of full 
scale chart deflection;
    (ii) Analyzer response less than 15 percent of full scale may be 
used if one of the following is true:
    (A) Alternative (a)(2) of this section is used to ensure that the 
accuracy of the calibration curve is maintained below 15 percent; or
    (B) The full scale value of the range is 155 ppm (C) or less.
    (iii) Analyzer response over 100% of full scale may be used if it 
can be shown that readings in this range are accurate.
    (iv) The HC and CO readings are allowed to ``spike'' above full 
scale of the analyzer's maximum operating range for a maximum 
accumulation of 5 seconds. These analyzer readings shall default to the 
maximum readable value during this time.
    (c) If a gas divider is used, the gas divider shall conform to the 
accuracy requirements specified in Sec. 86.1314-84(g), and shall be used 
according to the procedures contained in (a) and (b) of this section.

[62 FR 47133, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1339-90  Particulate filter handling and weighing.

    (a) At least 1 hour before the test, place a filter pair in a closed 
(to eliminate dust contamination) but unsealed (to permit humidity 
exchange) petri dish and place in a weighing chamber

[[Page 912]]

meeting the specifications of Sec. 86.1312 for stabilization.
    (b) At the end of the stabilization period, weigh each filter pair 
on a balance having a precision of 20 micrograms and a readability of 10 
micrograms. This reading is the tare weight of the filter pair and must 
be recorded (see Sec. 86.1344(e)(18)).
    (c) The filter pair shall then be stored in a covered petri dish or 
a sealed filter holder, either of which shall remain in the weighing 
chamber until needed for testing.
    (d) If the filter pair is not used within 1 hour of its removal from 
the weighing chamber, it must be re-weighed before use. This limit of 1 
hour may be replaced by an 8-hour limit if either of the following three 
conditions are met:
    (1) A stabilized filter pair is placed and kept in a sealed filter 
holder assembly with the ends plugged; or
    (2) A stabilized filter pair is placed in a sealed filter holder 
assembly, which is then immediately placed in a sample line through 
which there is no flow; or
    (3) A combination of the conditions specified in paragraphs (d) (1) 
and (2) of this section.
    (e) After the emissions test, remove the filters from the filter 
holder and place them face to face in a covered but unsealed petri dish. 
They must then be conditioned in the weighing chamber for at least one 
hour. The filters are then weighed as a pair. This reading is the gross 
weight of the filters (Pf) and must be recorded (see Sec. 86.1344-
90(e)(19)).
    (f) The net particulate weight (Pf) on each filter pair is the gross 
weight minus the tare weight. Should the sample on the filters (exhaust 
or background) contact the petri dish or any other surface, the test is 
void and must be rerun.
    (g) Static neutralizers shall be used on petri dishes in accordance 
with good engineering judgement.

[62 FR 47134, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1340-90  Exhaust sample analysis.

    (a) The analyzer response may be read by automatic data collection 
(ADC) equipment such as computers, data loggers, etc. If ADC equipment 
is used the following is required:
    (1) For bag analysis, the analyzer response must be stable at 
greater than 99 percent of the final reading for the dilute exhaust 
sample bag. A single value representing the average chart deflection 
over a 10-second stabilized period shall be stored. For the background 
bag, all readings taken during the 10-second interval must be stable at 
the final value to within 1 percent of full scale.
    (2) For continuous analysis systems, the ADC system must read at 
least two analyzer readings per second. A single value representing the 
average integrated concentration over a cycle shall be stored.
    (3) The chart deflections or average integrated concentrations 
required in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section may be stored on 
long-term computer storage devices such as computer tapes, storage 
discs, punch cards, or they may be printed in a listing for storage. In 
either case a chart recorder is not required and records from a chart 
recorder, if they exist, need not be stored.
    (4) If the data from ADC equipment is used as permanent records, the 
ADC equipment and the analyzer values as interpreted by the ADC 
equipment are subject to the calibration specifications in Secs. 86.1316 
through 86.1326, as if the ADC equipment were part of the analyzer.
    (b) Data records from any one or a combination of analyzers may be 
stored as chart recorder records.
    (c) Software zero and span. (1) The use of ``software'' zero and 
span is permitted. The process of software zero and span refers to the 
technique of initially adjusting the analyzer zero and span responses to 
the calibration curve values, but for subsequent zero and span checks 
the analyzer response is simply recorded without adjusting the analyzer 
gain. The observed analyzer response recorded from the subsequent check 
is mathematically corrected back to the calibration curve values for 
zero and span. The same mathematical correction is then applied to the 
analyzer's response to a sample of exhaust gas in order to compute the 
true sample concentration.
    (2) The maximum amount of software zero and span mathematical 
correction

[[Page 913]]

is 10 percent of full scale chart deflection.
    (3) Software zero and span may be used to switch between ranges 
without adjusting the gain of the analyzer.
    (4) The software zero and span technique may not be used to mask 
analyzer drift. The observed chart deflection before and after a given 
time period or event shall be used for computing the drift. Software 
zero and span may be used after the drift has been computed to 
mathematically adjust any span drift so that the ``after'' span check 
may be transformed into the ``before'' span check for the next segment.
    (d) For bag sample analysis perform the following sequence:
    (1) Warm-up and stabilize the analyzers; clean and/or replace filter 
elements, conditioning columns (if used), etc., as necessary.
    (2) Obtain a stable zero reading.
    (3) Zero and span the analyzers with zero and span gases. The span 
gases shall have concentrations between 75 and 100 percent of full-scale 
chart deflection. The flow rates and system pressures during spanning 
shall be approximately the same as those encountered during sampling. A 
sample bag may be used to identify the required analyzer range.
    (4) Re-check zero response. If this zero response differs from the 
zero response recorded in paragraph (d)(3) of this section by more than 
1 percent of full scale, then paragraphs (d) (2), (3), and (4) of this 
section should be repeated.
    (5) If a chart recorder is used, identify and record the most recent 
zero and span response as the pre-analysis values.
    (6) If ADC equipment is used, electronically record the most recent 
zero and span response as the pre-analysis values.
    (7) Measure HC (except diesels), CO, CO2, and 
NOX sample and background concentrations in the sample bag(s) 
with approximately the same flow rates and pressures used in paragraph 
(d)(3) of this section. (Constituents measured continuously do not 
require bag analysis.)
    (8) A post-analysis zero and span check of each range must be 
performed and the values recorded. The number of events that may occur 
between the pre and post checks is not specified. However, the 
difference between pre-analysis zero and span values (recorded in 
paragraph (d) (5) or (6) of this section) versus those recorded for the 
post-analysis check may not exceed the zero drift limit or the span 
drift limit of 2 percent of full scale chart deflection for any range 
used. Otherwise the test is void.
    (e) For continuous sample analysis perform the following sequence:
    (1) Warm-up and stabilize the analyzers; clean and/or replace filter 
elements, conditioning columns (if used), etc., as necessary.
    (2) Leak check portions of the sampling system that operate at 
negative gauge pressures when sampling, and allow heated sample lines, 
filters, pumps, etc., to stabilize at operating temperature.
    (3) Optional: Perform a hang-up check for the HFID sampling system:
    (i) Zero the analyzer using zero air introduced at the analyzer 
port.
    (ii) Flow zero air through the overflow sampling system. Check the 
analyzer response.
    (iii) If the overflow zero response exceeds the analyzer zero 
response by 2 percent or more of the HFID full-scale deflection, hang-up 
is indicated and corrective action must be taken.
    (iv) The complete system hang-up check specified in paragraph (f) of 
this section is recommended as a periodic check.
    (4) Obtain a stable zero reading.
    (5) Zero and span each range to be used on each analyzer used prior 
to the beginning of the cold cycle. The span gases shall have a 
concentration between 75 and 100 percent of full scale chart deflection. 
The flow rates and system pressures shall be approximately the same as 
those encountered during sampling. The HFID analyzer shall be zeroed and 
spanned through the overflow sampling system.
    (6) Re-check zero response. If this zero response differs from the 
zero response recorded in paragraph (e)(5) of this section by more than 
1 percent of full scale, then paragraphs (e) (4), (5), and (6) of this 
section should be repeated.

[[Page 914]]

    (7) If a chart recorder is used, identify and record the most recent 
zero and span response as the pre-analysis values.
    (8) If ADC equipment is used, electronically record the most recent 
zero and span response as the pre-analysis values.
    (9) Measure the emissions (HC required for diesels; NOX, 
CO, CO2 optional) continuously during the cold start cycle. 
Indicate the start of the test, the range(s) used, and the end of the 
test on the recording medium (chart paper or ADC equipment). Maintain 
approximately the same flow rates and system pressures used in paragraph 
(e)(5) of this section.
    (10) Collect background HC, CO, CO2, and NOX 
in a sample bag.
    (11) Perform a post-analysis zero and span check for each range used 
at the conditions specified in paragraph (e)(5) of this section. Record 
these responses as the post-analysis values.
    (12) Neither the zero drift nor the span drift between the pre-
analysis and post-analysis checks on any range used may exceed 3 percent 
for HC, or 2 percent for NOX, CO, and CO2, of full 
scale chart deflection, or the test is void. (If the HC drift is greater 
than 3 percent of full-scale chart deflection, hydrocarbon hang-up is 
likely.)
    (13) Determine HC background levels for the cold start cycle by 
introducing the background sample into the overflow sample system.
    (14) Determine background levels of NOX, CO, or 
CO2 (if necessary) by the bag technique outlined in paragraph 
(d) of this section.
    (15) Repeat paragraphs (e) (4) through (14) of this section for the 
hot cycle. The post-analysis zero and span check for the cold start (or 
previous hot start) cycle may be used for the pre-analysis zero and span 
for the following hot start cycle.
    (f) HC hang-up. If HC hang-up is indicated, the following sequence 
may be performed:
    (1) Fill a clean sample bag with background air.
    (2) Zero and span the HFID at the analyzer ports.
    (3) Analyze the background air sample bag through the analyzer 
ports.
    (4) Analyze the background air through the entire sample probe 
system.
    (5) If the difference between the readings obtained is 2 percent or 
more of the HFID full scale deflection, clean the sample probe and the 
sample line.
    (6) Reassemble the sample system, heat to specified temperature, and 
repeat the procedure in paragraphs (f) (1) through (6) of this section.
    (g) For CH3OH (where applicable), introduce test samples 
into the gas chromatograph and measure the concentration. This 
concentration is CMS in the calculations.
    (h) For HCHO (where applicable), introduce test samples into the 
high pressure liquid chromatograph and measure the concentration of 
formaldehyde as a dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative in acetonitrile. 
This concentration is CFS in the calculations.

[54 FR 14602, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 60 FR 34375, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1340-94  Exhaust sample analysis.

    Section 86.1340-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1340-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1340-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1340-94, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1340-90.''
    (a) through (d)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1340-90.
    (d)(7) Measure HC (except diesels), CH4 (natural gas-
fueled engines only), CO, CO2, and NOX sample 
bag(s) with approximately the same flow rates and pressures used in 
Sec. 86.1340-90(d)(3). (Constituents measured continuously do not 
require bag analysis.)
    (d)(8) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1340-90.

[59 FR 48534, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34375, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1341-90  Test cycle validation criteria.

    (a) To minimize the biasing effect of the time lag between the 
feedback and reference cycle values, the entire engine speed and torque 
feedback signal sequence may be advanced or delayed in time with respect 
to the reference

[[Page 915]]

speed and torque sequence. If the feedback signals are shifted, both 
speed and torque must be shifted the same amount in the same direction.
    (b) Brake horsepower-hour calculation. (1) Calculate the brake 
horsepower-hour for each pair of engine feedback speed and torque values 
recorded. Also calculate the reference brake horsepower-hour for each 
pair of engine speed and torque reference values. Calculations shall be 
to five significant digits.
    (2) In integrating the reference and the feedback horsepower-hour, 
all negative torque values shall be set equal to zero and included. If 
integration is performed at a frequency of less than 5 Hz, and if during 
a given time segment, the torque value changes from positive to negative 
or negative to positive, then the negative portion must be computed by 
linear interpolation and set equal to zero and the positive portion 
included. The same methodology shall be used for integrating both 
reference and actual brake horsepower-hour.
    (c) Regression line analysis to calculate validation statistics. (1) 
Linear regressions of feedback value on reference value shall be 
performed for speed, torque and brake horsepower on 1 Hz data after the 
feedback shift has occurred (see paragraph (a) of this section). The 
method of least squares shall be used, with the best fit equation having 
the form:

y=mx+b

Where:

y = The feedback (actual) value of speed (rpm), torque (ft-lbs), or 
brake horsepower.
m = Slope of the regression line.
x = The reference value (speed, torque, or brake horsepower).
b = The y-intercept of the regression line.

    (2) The standard error of estimate (SE) of y on x and the 
coefficient of determination (r2) shall be calculated for 
each regression line.
    (3) For a test to be considered valid, the criteria in Figure N90-11 
must be met for both cold and hot cycles individually. Point deletions 
from the regression analyses are permitted where noted in Figure N90-11.

[[Page 916]]



                                                                      Figure N90-11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Speed                                    Torque                          BHP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Regression Line Tolerances
 
                                                   Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines
Standard error of estimate (SE) of Y    100 rpm...........................................  13 pct. of power map maximum   8 pct. of power map maximum
 on X.                                                                                       engine torque                  BHP.
Slope of the regression line, m.......  0.970 to 1.030....................................  0.83-1.03 (hot), 0.77-1.03     0.89-1.03 (hot), 0.87-1.03
                                                                                             (cold)                         (cold).
Coefficient of determination, r \2\...  \1\ 0.9700........................................  \1\ 0.8800 (hot), \1\ 0.8500   \1\ 0.9100.
                                                                                             (cold).
Y intercept of the regression line, b.  50 ....................  15 -.
                                                 Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
Standard error of estimate (SE) of Y    100 rpm...........................................  10% (hot), 11% (cold) of       5% (hot), 6% (cold) of power
 on X.                                                                                       power map max. engine torque.  map maximum BHP.
Slope of the regression line, m.......  0.980 to 1.020....................................  0.92-1.03 (hot), 0.88-1.03     0.93-1.03 (hot), 0.89-1.03
                                                                                             (cold)                         (cold).
Coefficient of determination, r \2\...  \1\ 0.9700........................................  \1\ 0.9300 (hot), \1\ 0.9000   \1\ 0.9400 (hot), \1\ 0.9300
                                                                                             (cold)                         (cold).
Y intercept of the regression line, b.  25 (hot), 40 (cold)...............................  4%(hot), 5 (cold) of power     2.0% (hot), 2.5% (cold) of
                                                                                             map max. engine torque.        power map BHP.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Minimum.


[[Page 917]]


           Permitted Point Deletions From Regression Analysis
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Condition                      Points to be deleted
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Wide Open Throttle and Torque Feedback   Torque, and/or BHP.
 Torque Reference.
2. Closed Throttle, Not an Idle Point,      Torque, and/or BHP.
 Torque Feedback > Torque Reference.
3. Closed Throttle, Idle Point, and Torque  Speed, and/or BHP.
 Feedback = CITT (10 ft-lb).
 
For the purposes of this discussion:....................................
 
An Idle Point is defined as a point having a Normalized Reference Torque
 of 0 and a Normalized Reference Speed of 0 and an engine tested as
 having a manual transmission has a CITT of 0. Point deletion may be
 applied either to the whole or to any part of the cycle. EXPSTB='00'.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4)(i) For petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines, the 
integrated brake horsepower-hour for each cycle (cold and hot start) 
shall be between -15 percent and +5 percent of the integrated brake 
horsepower-hour for the reference cycle, or the test is void.
    (ii) For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines, the 
integrated brake horsepower-hour of the feedback cycle shall be within 5 
percent of the integrated brake horsepower-hour of the reference cycle 
for the cold cycle, or the test is void. The tolerance for the hot cycle 
shall be 4 percent.
    (5) If a dynamometer test run is determined to be statistically or 
experimentally void, corrective action shall be taken. The engine shall 
then be allowed to cool (naturally or forced) and the dynamometer test 
rerun per Sec. 86.1337 or be restarted at Sec. 86.1336-84(e).
    (d) For petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines, all 
reference torque values specified (in paragraph (f)(2) of appendix I to 
this part) as ``closed throttle'' shall be deleted from the calculation 
of cycle torque and power validation statistics.

[54 FR 14604, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 62 FR 47134, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1341-98  Test cycle validation criteria.

    Section 86.1341-98 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1341-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1341-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1341-98, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1341-90''
    (a) Through (b)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1341-90.
    (b)(3) All feedback torques due to accessory loads, either actual or 
simulated as defined in Sec. 86.1327-90 (d)(4), shall be excluded from 
both cycle validation and the integrated work used for emissions 
calculations.
    (4) For reference idle portions of the cycle where CITT is not 
applied, use measured torque values for cycle validation and the 
reference torque values for calculating the brake horsepower-hour value 
used in the emission calculations. For reference idle portions of the 
cycle where CITT is applied, use measured torque values for cycle 
validation and calculating the brake horsepower-hour value used in the 
emission calculations.
    (c) Through (d) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1341-90.

[62 FR 47135, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1342-90  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

    (a) The final reported transient emission test results should be 
computed by using the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.232


[[Page 918]]



Where:
    (1) AWM = Weighted mass emission level (HC, CO, 
CO2, or NOX) in grams per brake horsepower-hour 
and, if appropriate, the weighted mass total hydrocarbon equivalent, in 
grams per brake horsepower-hour.
    (2) gC = Mass emission level in grams or grams carbon 
mass equivalent, measured during the cold start test.
    (3) gH = Mass emission level in grams or grams carbon 
mass equivalent, measured during the hot start test.
    (4) BHP - hrC = Total brake horsepower-hour (brake 
horsepower integrated over time) for the cold start test.
    (5) BHP-hrH = Total brake horsepower-hour (brake 
horsepower integrated over time) for the hot start test.
    (b) The mass of each pollutant for the cold start test and the hot 
start test for bag measurements and diesel continuously heated sampling 
system measurements is determined from the following equations:
    (1) Hydrocarbon mass:

HCmass = Vmix  x  DensityHC  x  
    (HCconc/10\6\)
    (2) Oxides of nitrogen mass:
NOxmass = Vmix  x  DensityNO2  x  
    KH  x  (NOxconc/10\6\)
    (3) Carbon monoxide mass:
COmass = Vmix  x  DensityCO  x  
    (COconc/10\6\)
    (4) Carbon dioxide mass:
CO2mass = Vmix  x  Density CO2  x  
    (CO2conc/10\2\)
    (5) Methanol mass:
CH3OHmass = Vmix  x  Density CH3OH  x  
    (CH3OHconc/10\6\)
    (6) Formaldehyde mass:
HCHOmass = Vmix  x  DensityHCHO  x  
    (HCHOconc/10\6\)
    (7) Total hydrocarbon equivalent mass:
    (i)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.231
    
    (c) The mass of each pollutant for the cold start test and the hot 
start test for flow compensated sample systems is determined from the 
following equations:

[[Page 919]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.233

    (d) Meaning of symbols:
    (1)(i) HCmass = Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams per test 
phase.
    (ii) DensityHC = Density of hydrocarbons = 16.33 g/ft\3\ 
(0.5768 kg/m\3\) for gasoline and the gasoline fraction of methanol-
fuel, and may be used for petroleum and the petroleum fraction of 
methanol diesel fuel if desired, 16.42 g/ft\3\ (0.5800 kg/m\3\) for l 
petroleum diesel fuel and 16.27 g/ft\3\ (0.5746 kg/m\3\) for 2 diesel, 
assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85 for gasoline, 
1:1.93 for 1 petroleum diesel fuel and 1:1.80 for 2 petroleum diesel 
fuel at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) HCconc = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent (i.e., 
equivalent propane  x  3).
    (B) HCconc = HCe - HCd(1 - (1/DF))
Where:
    (iv)(A) HCe = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
exhaust bag sample or, for diesel continuous heated sampling systems, 
average hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust

[[Page 920]]

sample as determined from the integrated HC traces, in ppm carbon 
equivalent. For flow compensated systems (HCe)i is 
the instantaneous concentration.
    (B) For petroleum-fueled engines, HCe is the FID 
measurement.
    (C) For methanol-fueled engines:
    HCe = FID HCe - (r)CCH3OHe
    (v) FID HCe = Concentration of hydrocarbon plus methanol 
in dilute exhaust as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    (vi) r = FID response to methanol.
    (vii) CCH3OHe = Concentration of methanol in dilute 
exhaust as determined from the dilute exhaust methanol sample, ppm 
carbon.
    (viii)(A) HCd = Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (B) HCd = FID HCd - (r)CCH3OHd
    (ix) FID HCd = Concentration of hydrocarbon plus methanol 
in dilution air as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    (x) CCH3OHd = Concentration of methanol in dilution air 
as determined from dilution air methanol sample in ppm carbon.
    (2)(i) NOxmass = Oxides of nitrogen emissions, in grams 
per test phase.
    (ii) DensityNO2 = Density of oxides of nitrogen is 54.16 
g/ft\3\ (1.913 kg/m\3\), assuming they are in the form of nitrogen 
dioxide, at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) NOxconc = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of 
the dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm.
    (B) NOxconc = NOxe - NOxd [1 - (1/
DF)]

Where:
    (iv) NOxe = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the 
dilute exhaust bag sample as measured, in ppm. For flow compensated 
sample systems (NOxe)i is the instantaneous 
concentration.
    (v) NOxd = Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the 
dilution air as measured, in ppm.
    (3)(i) COmass = Carbon monoxide emissions, grams per test 
phase.
    (ii) DensityCO = Density of carbon monoxide is 32.97 g/
ft\3\ (1.164 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 
kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) COconc = Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, water vapor, and 
CO2 extraction, ppm.
    (B) COconc = COe - COd[1 - (1/DF)]

Where:
    (iv) COe = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust bag sample volume corrected for water vapor and carbon dioxide 
extraction, in ppm. For flow compensated sample systems 
(COe)i is the instantaneous concentration.
    (v)(A) COe = (1 - 0.01925CO2e - 
0.000323R)COem for gasoline and petroleum diesel fuel, with 
hydrogen to carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
    (B) COe = [1 - (0.01 + 0.005HCR) CO2e - 
0.000323R] COem for methanol fuel, where HCR is hydrogen to 
carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used.

Where:
    (vi) COem = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample as measured, in ppm.
    (vii)(A) CO2e = Carbon dioxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust bag sample, in percent, if measured. For flow compensated 
sample systems, (CO2e)i is the instantaneous 
concentration. For cases where exhaust sampling of CO2 is not 
performed, the following approximation is permitted:
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.062
    

Where:
    (C)  = Average carbon to hydrogen ratio, as specified by 
the Administrator.
    (D) M' = Fuel mass consumed during the test cycle.
    (E) R = Relative humidity of the dilution air, percent.

[[Page 921]]

    (viii)(A) COd = Carbon monoxide concentration of the 
dilution air corrected for water vapor extraction, in ppm.
    (B) COd = (1 - 0.000323R)COdm.

Where:
    (ix) COdm = Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution 
air sample as measured, in ppm.
    Note: If a CO instrument which meets the criteria specified in 
Sec. 86.1311 is used and the conditioning column has been deleted, 
COem must be substituted directly for COe, and 
COdm must be substituted directly for COd.
    (4)(i) CO2mass = Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams per 
test phase.
    (ii) Density CO2 = Density of carbon dioxide is 51.81 g/
ft\3\ (1.830 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 
kPa) pressure.
    (iii) CO2conc = Carbon dioxide concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in percent.
    (iv) CO2mass = CO2e - CO2d[1 - (1/
DF)].

Where:
    (v) CO2d = Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution 
air as measured, in percent.
    (5)(i) CH3OHmass = Methanol emissions 
corrected for background, in grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityCH3OH = Density of methanol is 37.71 g/ft\3\ 
(1.332 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) 
pressure.
    (iii)(A) CH3OHconc = Methanol concentration of 
the dilute exhaust corrected for background, in ppm.
    (B) CH3OHconc = CCH3OHe - 
CCH3OHd [1 - (1/DF)].

Where:
    (iv)(A) CCH3OHe = Methanol concentration in the dilute 
exhaust, in ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC07JA94.024
    
    (v)(A) CCH3OHd = Methanol concentration in the dilution 
air, in ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC07JA94.025
    
    (vi) CCH3OHR = Concentration of methanol in standard 
sample for calibration of GC, g/ml.
    (vii) ACH3OHR = GC peak area of standard sample.
    (viii) TEM = Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn 
from dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (ix) TDM = Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilution air,  deg.R.
    (x) PB = Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (xi) VEM = Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust, ft\3\.
    (xii) VDM = Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilution air, ft\3\.
    (xiii) AS = GC peak area of sample drawn from dilute 
exhaust.
    (xiv) AD = GC peak area of sample drawn from dilution 
air.
    (xv) AVS = Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) 
in impinger through which methanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, 
ml.
    (xvi) AVD = Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) 
in impinger through which methanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
ml.
    (xvii) 1 = first impinger.
    (xviii) 2 = second impinger.
    (6)(i) HCHOmass = Formaldehyde emissions corrected for 
background, grams per test phase.
    (ii) DensityHCHO = Density of formaldehyde is 35.36 g/
ft\3\ (1.249 kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa) 
pressure.

[[Page 922]]

    (iii)(A) HCHOconc = Formaldehyde concentration of the 
dilute exhaust corrected for background, ppm.
    (B) HCHOconc = CHCHOe - CHCHOd [1 - 
(1/DF)].

Where:
    (iv)(A) CHCHOe = Formaldehyde concentration in dilute 
exhaust, ppm.
    (B)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC07JA94.026
    
    (v)(A) CHCHOd = Formaldehyde concentration in dilution 
air, ppm.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC07JA94.027

    (vi) CFDE = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution,  
g/ml.
    (vii) VAE = Volume of sampling solution for dilute 
exhaust formaldehyde sample, ml.
    (viii)(A) Q = Ratio of molecular weights of formaldehyde to its DNPH 
derivative.
    (B) Q = 0.1429.
    (ix) TEF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    (x) VSE = Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust, ft\3\.
    (xi) PB = Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    (xii) CFDA = Concentration of DNPH derivative of 
formaldehyde from dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/
ml.
    (xiii) VAA = Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
formaldehyde sample, ml.
    (xiv) TDF = Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn 
from dilution air,  deg.R.
    (xv) VSA=Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilution air, ft\3\.
    (7)(i) DF=13.4/
[CO2e+(HCe+COe)10-\4\] for 
petroleum-fueled vehicles, or DF=13.4/CO2e
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC07JA94.028


for methanol-fueled vehicles, where fuel composition is CX 
Hy Oz as measured for the fuel used.
    (8)(i) KH = Humidity correction factor.
    (ii) For gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines: 
KH = 1/[1 - 0.0047 (H - 75)] (or for SI units, KH 
= 1/[1 - 0.0329(H - 10.71)]).
    (iii) For petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines: 
KH = 1/[1 - 0.0026 (H - 75)] (or for SI units = 1/[1 - 0.0182 
(H - 10.71)]).

[[Page 923]]


Where:
    (iv)(A) H = Absolute humidity of the engine intake air in grains 
(grams) of water per pound (kilogram) of dry air.
    (B)(1) H = [(43.478)Ri  x  Pd]/[PB 
- (Pd  x  Ri/100)]
    (2) For SI units,

H = [(6.211)Ri  x  Pd]/[PB - 
(Pd  x  Ri/100)]
    (C) Ri = Relative humidity of the engine intake air, 
percent.
    (D) Pd = Saturated vapor pressure, in mm Hg (kPa) at the 
engine intake air dry bulb temperature.
    (E) PB = Barometric pressure, in mm Hg (kPa).
    (9)(i) Vmix = Total dilute exhaust volume in cubic feet 
per test phase corrected to standard conditions (528  deg.R) (293  
deg.K) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa).
    (ii) (Vmix)i = Instantaneous dilute exhaust 
volumetric flow rate (for compensated flow systems), ft\3\/sec.
    (iii) T = Time interval (seconds) between samples in flow 
compensated systems.
    (iv) T = Total sampling time (seconds).
    (v) For PDP-CVS:
    (A)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.067
    
    (B) For SI units,
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.068
    

Where:
    (vi) Vo = Volume of gas pumped by the positive 
displacement pump, in cubic feet (cubic meters) per revolution. This 
volume is dependent on the pressure differential across the positive 
displacement pump.
    (vii) N = Number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
during the test phase while samples are being collected.
    (viii) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa).
    (ix) P4 = Pressure depression below atmospheric measured 
at the inlet to the positive displacement pump, in mm Hg (kPa) (during 
an idle mode).
    (x) Tp = Average temperature of dilute exhaust entering 
positive displacement pump during test,  deg.R ( deg.K).
    (e) Sample calculation of mass values of exhaust emissions:
    (1) Assume the following test results for a gasoline engine:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Cold start cycle test     Hot start cycle test
                                results                  results
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vmix..................  6924 ft \3\............   6873 ft3.
R.....................  30.2 percent...........  30.2 percent.
Ri....................  30.2 percent...........  30.2 percent.
PB....................  735 mm Hq..............  735 mm Hg.
Pd....................  22.676 mm Hq...........  22.676 mm Hq.
HCe...................  132.07 ppm C equiv.....  86.13 ppm C equiv.
NOxe..................  7.86 ppm...............  10.98 ppm.
COem..................  171.22 ppm.............  114.28 ppm.
CO2e..................  0.178 percent..........  0.381 percent.
HCd...................  3.60 ppm C equiv.......  8.70 ppm C equiv.
NOd...................  0.0 ppm................  0.10 ppm.
COdm..................  0.89 ppm...............  0.89 ppm.
C02d..................  0.0 percent............  0.038 percent.
BHP-hr................  0.259..................  0.347.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Then:
    (2) Cold Start Test:
(i)  H
  = [(43.478)(30.2)(22.676)]/[735-
    (22.676)(30.2)/100]
  = 41 grains of water per pound of dry air.
(ii)  KH = 1/[1-0.0047(41-75)] = 0.862
(iii)  COe
  = [1-0.01925(.178)-
    0.000323(30.2)]171.22
  = 169.0 ppm
(iv)  COd=[1-0.000323(30.2)] 0.89=
    0.881 ppm
(v)  DF
  = 13.4/[.178 + (132.07 + 169.0)(10-\4\)]
  = 64.390
(vi)  HCconc
  = 132.07-3.6[1-(1/64.390)]
  = 128.5 ppm
(vii)  HCmass
  = 6924(16.33)(128.5/10\6\)
  = 14.53 grams
(viii)  NOxconc
  = 7.86-0.0[1-(1/64.390)]
  = 7.86 ppm
(ix)  NOxmass
  = 6924(54.16)(.862)(7.86/10\6\)
  = 2.54 grams
(x)  COconc
  = 169.0-.881[1-(1/64.390)]
  = 168.0 ppm
(xi)  COmass
  = 6924(32.97)(168.0/10\6\)
  = 38.35 grams
(xii)  CO2conc=.178-0[1-1/64.390)]=
    0.178%

[[Page 924]]

(xiii)  CO2mass=6924(51.81)(.178/100)=639
    grams
    (3) Hot start test: Similar calculations result in the following:
(i)  HCmass = 8.72 grams
(ii)  NOxmass = 3.49 grams
(iii)  COmass = 25.70 grams
(iv)  CO2mass = 1226 grams
    (4) Weighted mass emission results:
    (i) HCwm = 1/7(14.53) + 6/7(8.72)/1/7(0.259) + 6/7(0.347) 
= 28.6 grams/BHP-hr
    (ii) NOXwm = 1/7(2.54) + 6/7(3.49)/1/7(0.259) + 6/
7(0.347) = 10.0 grams/BHP-hr
    (iii) COwm = 1/7(38.35) + 6/7(25.70)/1/7(0.259) + 6/
7(0.347) = 82.2 grams/BHP-hr
    (iv) CO2wm = 1/7(639) + 6/7(1226)/1/7(0.259) + 6/7(0.347) 
= 3415 grams/BHP-hr
    (f) The final reported brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) shall 
be computed by use of the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.222


Where:
    (1) BSFC = brake-specific fuel consumption in pounds of fuel per 
brake horsepower-hour (lbs/BHP-hr).
    (2) MC = mass of fuel, in lbs, used by the engine during 
the cold start test.
    (3) MH = mass of fuel, in lbs, used by the engine during 
the hot start test.
    (4) BHP-hrC = total brake horsepower-hours (brake 
horsepower integrated with respect to time) for the cold start test.
    (5) BHP-hrH = total brake horsepower-hours (brake 
horsepower integrated with respect to time) for the hot start test.
    (g)(1) The mass of fuel for the cold start and hot start test is 
determined from mass fuel flow measurements made during the tests, or 
from the following equation:
M = (Gs/R2)(1/453.6)
    (2) Meaning of symbols:
(i) M = Mass of fuel, in lbs, used by the engine during the cold or hot 
start test.
(ii) Gs = Grams of carbon measured during the cold or hot 
start test:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.069


Where:
    (iii) HCmass = Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams, for cold 
or hot start test.
    (iv) COmass = Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams, for 
cold or hot start test.
    (v) CO2mass = Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams, for 
cold or hot start test.
    (vi)  = The atomic hydrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel.
    (vii)(A) R2 = The grams of carbon in the fuel per gram of 
fuel.
    (B) R2 = 12.011/[12.011 + (1.008)]
    (h) Sample calculation of brake-specific fuel consumption:
    (1) Assume the following test results:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Cold start   Hot start
                                                 cycle test   cycle test
                                                  results      results
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BHP-hr........................................        6.945        7.078
.....................................        1.85         1.85
HCmass (grams)................................       37.08        28.82
COmass (grams)................................      357.69       350.33
C02mass (grams)...............................    5,419.62     5,361.32
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Then:
    (i) Gs for cold start test = [12.011/(12.011 + 
(1.008)(1.85))](37.08) + 0.429(357.69) + 0.273(5419.62) = 1665.10 grams
    (ii) Gs for hot start test = [12.011/(12.011 + 
(1.008)(1.85))](28.82) + 0.429(350.33) + 0.273(5361.32) = 1638.88 grams
    (iii) R2 = 12.011/[12.011 + (1.008)1.85] = 0.866
    (iv)(A) Mc = (1665.10/.866)(1/453.6) = 4.24 lbs 
(calculated), or
    (B)     = 4.24 lbs (directly measured).
    (v)(A) MH = (1638.88/.866)(1/453.6) = 4.17 lbs 
(calculated), or
    (B)     = 4.17 lbs (directly measured).
    (2) Brake-specific fuel consumption results:

[[Page 925]]


BSFC + (1/7)(4.24) =(6/7)(4.17)/(1/7)(6.945) + (6/7)(7.078) = 0.592 lbs 
of fuel/BHP-hr
    (i) For dilute sampling systems which require conversion of as-
measured dry concentrations to wet concentrations, the following 
equation shall be used for any combination of bagged, continuous, or 
fuel mass-approximated sample measurements (except for CO measurements 
made through conditioning columns, as explained in paragraph (d)(3) of 
this section):

Wet concentration = Kw  x  dry concentration.

Where:

    (1)(i) For English units,

Kw = 1-(/200)  x  CO2e(')-((1.608  x  H)/
(7000 + 1.608  x  H))

    See paragraph (d)(1) of this section for  values.
    (ii) For SI units,

Kw = 1-(/200)  x  CO2e(')-((1.608  x  H)/
(1000 + 1.608  x  H))

    See paragraph (d)(1) of this section for  values.

(2) CO2e(') = either CO2e or CO2e' as 
applicable.
(3)(i) H = Absolute humidity of the CVS dilution air, in grains (grams) 
of water per lb (kg) of dry air.

    (ii) For English units,

H ' = [(43.478)Ri'  x  Pd']/
[PB-(Pd'  x  Ri'/100)]

    (iii) For SI units,

H' = [(6.211)Ri'  x  Pd']/
[PB-(Pd'  x  Ri'/100)]
(4) Ri = Relative humidity of the CVS dilution air, in 
percent.
(5) Pd = Saturated vapor pressure, in mm Hg (kPa) at the 
ambient dry bulb temperature of the CVS dilution air.
(6) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa).

[54 FR 14605, Apr. 11, 1989, as amended at 62 FR 47135, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1342-94  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

    Section 86.1342-94 includes text that specifies requirements that 
differ from Sec. 86.1342-90. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1342-90 is 
identical and applicable to Sec. 86.1342-94, this may be indicated by 
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. 
For guidance see Sec. 86.1342-90.''
    (a) introductory text [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (a)(1) AWM=Weighted mass emission level (HC, CO, 
CO2, or NOX) in grams per brake horsepower-hour 
and, if appropriate, the weighted mass total hydrocarbon equivalent, 
formaldehyde, or non-methane hydrocarbon emission level in grams per 
brake horsepower-hour.
    (a)(2) through (b)(7) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (b)(8) Non-methane hydrocarbon mass:

NMHCmass = Vmix  x  DensityNMHC  x  
(NMHCconc/1,000,000)

    (c) through (d)(1)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (d)(1)(ii) DensityHC = Density of hydrocarbons.
    (A) For gasoline and the gasoline fraction of methanol-fuel, and may 
be used for petroleum and the petroleum fraction of methanol diesel fuel 
if desired; 16.33 g/ft\3\-carbon atom (0.5768 kg/m\3\-carbon atom).
    (B) For #1 petroleum diesel fuel; 16.42 g/ft\3\-carbon atom (0.5800 
kg/m\3\-carbon atom).
    (C) For #2 diesel 16.27 g/ft\3\-carbon atom (0.5746 kg/m\3\-carbon 
atom). Average carbon to hydrogen ratios of 1:1.85 for gasoline, 1:1.93 
for #1 petroleum diesel fuel and 1:1.80 for #2 petroleum diesel fuel are 
assumed at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (D) For natural gas and liquified petroleum gas-fuel; 1.1771 
(12.011+H/C (1.008)) g/ft\3\-carbon atom (0.04157 (12.011+H/C (1.008)) 
kg/m\3\-carbon atom) where H/C is hydrogen to carbon ratio of the 
hydrocarbon components of the test fuel, at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 
760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (d)(1)(iii) through (d)(1)(iv)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (d)(1)(iv)(B) For petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquified 
petroleum gas-fueled engines, HCe is the FID measurement.
    (d)(1)(iv)(C) through (d)(3)(v)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (d)(3)(v)(B) COe = [1 - (0.01 + 0.005HCR) CO2e 
- 0.000323R] COem for methanol-fuel, natural gas-fuel and 
liquified petroleum gas-fuel where HCR is hydrogen to carbon ratio as 
measured for the fuel used.

[[Page 926]]


Where:
    (d)(3)(vi) through (d)(5)(iii)(B) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (d)(5)(iv)(A) CCH3OHe=Methanol concentration in the 
dilute exhaust, in ppm.

(B)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.039

(v)(A) CCH3OHd=Methanol concentration in the dilution air, in 
    ppm

(B)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.040

(vi) TEM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
    exhaust,  deg.R
(vii) TDM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
    dilution air,  deg.R
(viii) PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
(ix) VEM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
    exhaust, ft3
(x) VDM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilution 
    air, ft3
(xi) CS=GC concentration of sample drawn from dilute exhaust
(xii) CD=GC concentration of sample drawn from dilution air
(xiii) AVS=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
    impinger through which methanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, 
    ml
(xiv) AVD=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
    impinger through which methanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
    ml
(xv) 1=first impinger.
(xvi) 2=second impinger.
    (d)(6)(i) through (d)(7)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (d)(7)(ii) For methanol-fueled vehicles, where fuel composition is 
CX Hy Oz as measured, or calculated, 
for the fuel used:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JN95.041

    (d)(8)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (d)(8)(ii) For Otto-cycle engines: KH=1/[1-0.0047(H-75)] 
(or for SI units, KH=1/[1-0.0329(H-10.71)]).
    (iii) For diesel engines: KH = 1/[1-0.0026 (H-75)] (or 
for SI units = 1/[1-0.0182 (H-10.71)]).

Where:
    (d)(8)(iv) through (d)(9)(x) [Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1342-90.
    (d)(10)(i) NMHCconc = HCconc-
CH4conc
    (ii) DensityNMHC = The density of non-methane 
hydrocarbon, is 1.1771(12.011 + H/C (1.008)) g/ft\3\-carbon atom 
(0.04157(12.011 + H/C (1.008))kg/m\3\-carbon atom), where H/C is the 
hydrogen to carbon ratio of the non-methane hydrocarbon components of 
the test fuel, at

[[Page 927]]

68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    (iii)(A) CH4conc = Methane concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    (B) CH4conc = rCH4  x  (CH4e-
CH4d(1-1/DF))

Where:
    (1) CH4e = Methane exhaust bag concentration in ppm 
carbon equivalent.
    (2) CH4d = Methane concentration of the dilution air in 
ppm carbon equivalent.
    (3) rCH4 = HC FID response to methane for natural gas-
fueled vehicles as measured in Sec. 86.1321 (d).
    (e) Through (i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1342-90.

[59 FR 48534, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34375, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 47135, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1343-88  Calculations; particulate exhaust emissions.

    (a) The final reported transient emission test results shall be 
computed by use of the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.234

    (1) Pwm = Weighted mass particulate, grams per brake 
horsepower-hour.
    (2) PC = Mass particulate measured during the cold-start 
test, grams.
    (3) PH = Mass particulate measured during the hot-start 
test, grams.
    (4) BHP-hrC = Total brake horsepower-hour (brake 
horsepower integrated with respect to time) for the cold-start test.
    (5) BHP-hrH = Total brake horsepower-hour (brake 
horsepower integrated with respect to time) for the hot-start test.
    (b) The mass of particulate for the cold-start test and the hot-
start test is determined from the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.070

    (1) Pmass = Mass of particulate emitted per test phase, 
grams per test phase. (PH = Pmass for the hot-
start test and PC = Pmass for the cold-start test.
    (2) Vmix = Total dilute exhaust volume corrected to 
standard conditions (528 deg. R (293 deg. K) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)), 
cubic feet per test phase. For a PDP-CVS:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.226


in SI units,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.227


Where:
    (2)(i)(A) For a CFV-CVS: Vmix = Total dilute exhaust 
volume corrected to standard conditions (293  deg.K (20  deg.C) and 
101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg)), cubic feet per test phase.
    (B) For a PDP-CVS:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE97.006
    

in SI units,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE97.007

Where:
    (ii) Vo = Volume of gas pumped by the positive 
displacement pump, cubic feet (cubic meters) per revolution. This volume 
is dependent on the pressure

[[Page 928]]

differential across the positive displacement pump.
    (iii) N = Number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
during the test phase while samples are being collected.
    (iv) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa).
    (v) P4 = Pressure depressions below atmospheric measured 
at the inlet to the positive displacement pump (during an idle mode), mm 
Hg (kPa).
    (vi) Tp = Average temperature of dilute exhaust entering 
the positive displacement pump during test,  deg.R ( deg.K).
    (3) Vsf = Total volume of sample removed from the primary 
dilution tunnel, cubic feet at standard conditions.
    (i) For a single-dilution system:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.228
    

Where:
    (A) Vas = Actual volume of dilute sample removed from the 
primary-dilution tunnel, cubic feet.
    (B) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg.
    (C) Pis = Pressure elevation above ambient measured at 
the inlet to the dilute exhaust sample gas meter or flow 
instrumentation, mm Hg. (For most gas meters or flow instruments with 
unrestricted discharge, Pis is negligible and can be assumed 
= 0.)
    (D) Tis = Average temperature of the dilute exhaust 
sample at the inlet to the gas meter or flow instrumentation,  deg.R.
    (E) Vsf may require correction according to Sec. 86.1320-
87(a)(6).
    (ii) For a double-dilution system:

            Vsf = Vvf - Vpf'

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.071

    (B) Vav = Actual volume of double diluted sample which 
passed through the particulate filter, cubic feet.
    (C) PB = Barometric pressure, mm Hg.
    (D) Piv = Pressure elevation above ambient measured at 
the inlet to the sample gas meter located at the exit side of the 
secondary-dilution tunnel, mm Hg. (For most gas meters with unrestricted 
discharge Piv is negligible and can be assumed = 0.)
    (E) Tiv = Average temperature of the dilute exhaust 
sample at the inlet to the exit side gas meter or flow instrumentation, 
deg.R.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.229

    (G) Vap = Actual volume of secondary dilution air, cubic 
feet.
    (H) Pa = Barometric pressure, mm Hg.
    (I) Pip = Pressure elevation above ambient measured at 
the inlet to the sample gas meter or flow instrumentation located at the 
inlet side of the secondary dilution tunnel, mm Hg. (For most gas meters 
with unrestricted discharge Pip is negligible and can be 
assumed = 0.)
    (J) Tip = Average temperature of the secondary dilution 
air at the inlet to the inlet side gas meter or flow instrumentation, 
deg.R.
    (K) Both Vvf and Vpf may require correction 
according to Sec. 86.1320-87(a)(6). These corrections must be applied 
before Vsf is determined.
    (4) Pf = Mass of particulate on the sample filter (or 
sample and back-up filters if the back-up filter is required to be 
included, see Sec. 86.1339-87(g) for determination), grams per test 
phase.
    (5) Pbf = Net weight of particulate on the background 
particulate filter, grams.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.230


Where:
    (i) Vab = Actual volume of primary dilution air sampled 
by background particulate sampler, cubic feet.
    (ii) Pib = Pressure elevation above ambient measured at 
the inlet to the background gas meter or flow instrument, mm Hg. (for 
most gas meters or flow instruments with unrestricted discharge, 
Pib is negligible and can be assumed = 0.)
    (iii) Tib = Average temperature of the background sample 
at the inlet to the gas meter or flow instrument,  deg.R.

[[Page 929]]

    (7) For definition of DF see Sec. 86.1342-84(d)(5).
    (8)(i) Real time flow rate measurement and calculating devices are 
permitted under these regulations. The appropriate changes in the above 
calculations shall be made using sound engineering principles.
    (ii) Other systems and options, as permitted under these 
regulations, may require calculations other than these, but these must 
be based on sound engineering principles and be approved in advance by 
the Administrator at the time the alternate system is approved.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10706, Mar. 15, 1985, as amended at 52 FR 47876, Dec. 16, 1987; 
62 FR 47135, Sept. 5, 1997]



Sec. 86.1344-90  Required information.

    (a) The required test data shall be grouped into the following three 
general categories:
    (1) Engine set up and descriptive data. These data must be provided 
to the EPA supervisor of engine testing for each engine sent to the 
Administrator for confirmatory testing prior to the initiation of engine 
set-up. These data are necessary to ensure that EPA test personnel have 
the correct data in order to set up and test the engine in a timely and 
proper manner. These data are not required for tests performed by the 
manufacturers.
    (2) Pre-test data. These data are general test data that must be 
recorded for each test. The data are of a more descriptive nature such 
as identification of the test engine, test site number, etc. As such, 
these data can be recorded at any time within 24 hours of the test.
    (3) Test data. These data are physical test data that must be 
recorded at the time of testing.
    (b) When requested, data shall be supplied in the format specified 
by the Administrator.
    (c) Engine set-up data. Because specific test facilities may change 
with time, the specific data parameters and number of items may vary. 
The Application Format for Certification for the applicable model year 
will specify the exact requirements. In general, the following types of 
data will be required:
    (1) Engine manufacturer.
    (2) Engine system combination.
    (3) Engine code and CID.
    (4) Engine identification number.
    (5) Applicable engine model year.
    (6) Engine fuel type.
    (7) Recommended oil type.
    (8) Exhaust pipe configuration, pipe sizes, etc.
    (9) Curb or low idle speed.
    (10) Dynamometer idle speed. (Automatic transmission engines only.)
    (11) Engine parameter specifications such as spark timing, operating 
temperature, advance curves, etc.
    (12) Engine performance data, such as maximum BHP, previously 
measured rated rpm, fuel consumption, governed speed, etc.
    (13) Recommended start-up procedure.
    (14) Maximum safe engine operating speed.
    (15) Number of hours of operation accumulated on engine.
    (16) Manufacturer's recommended inlet depression limit and typical 
in-use inlet depression level.
    (17) Exhaust system:
    (i) Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines:
    (A) Header pipe inside diameter.
    (B) Tailpipe inside diameter.
    (C) Minimum distance in-use between the exhaust manifold flange and 
the exit of the chassis exhaust system.
    (D) Manufacturer's recommended maximum exhaust backpressure limit 
for the engine.
    (E) Typical backpressure, as determined by typical application of 
the engine.
    (F) Minimum backpressure required to meet applicable noise 
regulations.
    (ii) Gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines: Typical 
in-use backpressure in vehicle exhaust system.
    (d) Pre-test data. The following data shall be recorded, and 
reported to the Administrator for each test conducted for compliance 
with the provisions of CFR part 86, subpart A:
    (1) Engine-system combination.
    (2) Engine identification.
    (3) Instrument operator(s).

[[Page 930]]

    (4) Engine operator(s).
    (5) Number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine prior to 
beginning the test sequence (Figure N84-10).
    (6) Identification and specifications of test fuel used.
    (7) Date of most recent analytical assembly calibration.
    (8) All pertinent instrument information such as tuning, gain, 
serial numbers, detector number, calibration curve number, etc. As long 
as this information is traceable, it may be summarized by system or 
analyzer identification numbers.
    (e) Test data. The physical parameters necessary to compute the test 
results and ensure accuracy of the results shall be recorded for each 
test conducted for compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart A. Additional test data may be recorded at the discretion of the 
manufacturer. Extreme details of the test measurements such as analyzer 
chart deflections will generally not be required on a routine basis to 
be reported to the Administrator for each test, unless a dispute about 
the accuracy of the data arises. The following types of data shall be 
required to be reported to the Administrator. The Application Format for 
Certification for the applicable model year will specify the exact 
requirements which may change slightly from year to year with the 
addition or deletion of certain items.
    (1) Date and time of day.
    (2) Test number.
    (3) Engine intake air or test cell temperature.
    (4) Barometric pressure. (A central laboratory barometer may be 
used: Provided, that individual test cell barometric pressures are shown 
to be within 0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at the 
central barometer location.)
    (5) Engine intake or test cell and CVS dilution air humidity.
    (6) Maximum torque versus speed curve as determined in Sec. 86.1332, 
with minimum and maximum engine speeds, and a description of the mapping 
technique used.
    (7) Measured maximum horsepower and maximum torque speeds.
    (8) Measured maximum horsepower and torque.
    (9) Measured high idle engine speed (governed petroleum-fueled and 
methanol-fueled diesel engines only).
    (10) Measured fuel consumption at maximum power and torque 
(petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel engines only).
    (11) Cold-soak time interval and cool down procedures.
    (12) Temperature set point of the heated continuous analysis system 
components (if applicable).
    (13) Test cycle validation statistics as specified in Sec. 86.1341 
for each test phase (cold and hot).
    (14) Total CVS flow rate with dilution factor for each test phase 
(cold and hot).
    (15) Temperature of the dilute exhaust mixture and secondary 
dilution air (in the case of a double dilution system) at the inlet to 
the respective gas meter(s) or flow instrumentation used for particulate 
sampling.
    (16) The maximum temperature of the dilute exhaust mixture 
immediately ahead of the particulate filter.
    (17) Sample concentrations (background corrected) for HC, CO, 
CO2, and NOX for each test phase (cold and hot).
    (18) For methanol-fueled vehicles:
    (i) Volume of sample passed through the methanol sampling system and 
the volume of deionized water in each impinger.
    (ii) The methanol concentration in the reference sample and the peak 
area from the GC analysis of the reference sample.
    (iii) The peak area of the GC analyses of the test samples 
(methanol).
    (iv) Volume of sample passed through the formaldehyde sampling 
system.
    (v) The formaldehyde concentration in the reference sample and the 
peak area from the LC analysis of the reference sample.
    (vi) The peak area of the LC analysis of the test sample 
(formaldehyde).
    (vii) Specification of the methanol-fuel used during testing.
    (19) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of each 
particulate sample and back-up filter or pair of filters.
    (20) Brake specific emissions (g/BHP-hr) for HC, CO, NOX 
and, if applicable,

[[Page 931]]

THCE, CH3OH and HCHO for methanol-fueled vehicles for each 
test phase (cold and hot).
    (21) The weighted (cold and hot) brake specific emissions (g/BHP-hr) 
for the total test.
    (22) The weighted (cold and hot) carbon balance or mass-measured 
brake specific fuel consumption for the total test.
    (23) The number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine 
after completing the test sequences described in Figure N84-10.

[54 FR 14610, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1344-94  Required information.

    (a) The required test data shall be grouped into the following three 
general categories:
    (1) Engine set up and descriptive data. These data must be provided 
to the EPA supervisor of engine testing for each engine sent to the 
Administrator for confirmatory testing prior to the initiation of engine 
set-up. These data are necessary to ensure that EPA test personnel have 
the correct data in order to set up and test the engine in a timely and 
proper manner. These data are not required for tests performed by the 
manufacturers.
    (2) Pre-test data. These data are general test data that must be 
recorded for each test. The data are of a more descriptive nature such 
as identification of the test engine, test site number, etc. As such, 
these data can be recorded at any time within 24 hours of the test.
    (3) Test data. These data are physical test data that must be 
recorded at the time of testing.
    (b) When requested, data shall be supplied in the format specified 
by the Administrator.
    (c) Engine set-up data. Because specific test facilities may change 
with time, the specific data parameters and number of items may vary. 
The Application Format for Certification for the applicable model year 
will specify the exact requirements. In general, the following types of 
data will be required:
    (1) Engine manufacturer.
    (2) Engine system combination.
    (3) Engine code and CID.
    (4) Engine identification number.
    (5) Applicable engine model year.
    (6) Engine fuel type.
    (7) Recommended oil type.
    (8) Exhaust pipe configuration, pipe sizes, etc.
    (9) Curb or low idle speed.
    (10) Dynamometer idle speed (automatic transmission engines only).
    (11) Engine parameter specifications such as spark timing, operating 
temperature, advance curves, etc.
    (12) Engine performance data, such as maximum BHP, previously 
measured rated rpm, fuel consumption, governed speed, etc.
    (13) Recommended start-up procedure.
    (14) Maximum safe engine operating speed.
    (15) Number of hours of operation accumulated on engine.
    (16) Manufacturer's recommended inlet depression limit and typical 
in-use inlet depression level.
    (17) Exhaust system:
    (i) Diesel engines:
    (A) Header pipe inside diameter.
    (B) Tailpipe inside diameter.
    (C) Minimum distance in-use between the exhaust manifold flange and 
the exit of the chassis exhaust system.
    (D) Manufacturer's recommended maximum exhaust backpressure limit 
for the engine.
    (E) Typical backpressure, as determined by typical application of 
the engine.
    (F) Minimum backpressure required to meet applicable noise 
regulations.
    (ii) Otto-cycle engines: Typical in-use backpressure in vehicle 
exhaust system.
    (d) Pre-test data. The following data shall be recorded and reported 
to the Administrator for each test conducted for compliance with the 
provisions of subpart A of this part:
    (1) Engine-system combination.
    (2) Engine identification.
    (3) Instrument operator(s).
    (4) Engine operator(s).
    (5) Number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine prior to 
beginning the test sequence (Figure N84-10).
    (6) Identification and specifications of test fuel used.
    (7) Date of most recent analytical assembly calibration.

[[Page 932]]

    (8) All pertinent instrument information such as tuning, gain, 
serial numbers, detector number, calibration curve number, etc. As long 
as this information is traceable, it may be summarized by system or 
analyzer identification numbers.
    (e) Test data. The physical parameters necessary to compute the test 
results and ensure accuracy of the results shall be recorded for each 
test conducted for compliance with the provisions of subpart A of this 
part. Additional test data may be recorded at the discretion of the 
manufacturer. Extreme details of the test measurements such as analyzer 
chart deflections will generally not be required on a routine basis to 
be reported to the Administrator for each test, unless a dispute about 
the accuracy of the data arises. The following types of data shall be 
required to be reported to the Administrator. The Application Format for 
Certification for the applicable model year will specify the exact 
requirements which may change slightly from year to year with the 
addition or deletion of certain items.
    (1) Date and time of day.
    (2) Test number.
    (3) Engine intake air or test cell temperature.
    (4) Barometric pressure. (A central laboratory barometer may be 
used: Provided, that individual test cell barometric pressures are shown 
to be within 0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at the 
central barometer location.)
    (5) Engine intake or test cell and CVS dilution air humidity.
    (6) Maximum torque versus speed curve as determined in Sec. 86.1332, 
with minimum and maximum engine speeds, and a description of the mapping 
technique used.
    (7) Measured maximum horsepower and maximum torque speeds.
    (8) Measured maximum horsepower and torque.
    (9) Measured high idle engine speed (governed diesel engines only).
    (10) Measured fuel consumption at maximum power and torque (diesel 
engines only).
    (11) Cold-soak time interval and cool down procedures.
    (12) Temperature set point of the heated continuous analysis system 
components (if applicable).
    (13) Test cycle validation statistics as specified in Sec. 86.1341 
for each test phase (cold and hot).
    (14) Total CVS flow rate with dilution factor for each test phase 
(cold and hot).
    (15) Temperature of the dilute exhaust mixture and secondary 
dilution air (in the case of a double dilution system) at the inlet to 
the respective gas meter(s) or flow instrumentation used for particulate 
sampling.
    (16) The maximum temperature of the dilute exhaust mixture 
immediately ahead of the particulate filter.
    (17) Sample concentrations (background corrected) for HC, CO, 
CO2 and NOX for each test phase (cold and hot).
    (18) For engines requiring methanol and/or formaldehyde measurement 
(as applicable):
    (i) Volume of sample passed through the methanol sampling system and 
the volume of deionized water in each impinger.
    (ii) The methanol concentration of the GC analyses of the test 
samples,  g/ml.
    (iii) Volume of sample passed through the formaldehyde sampling 
system.
    (iv) The formaldehyde concentration of the LC analysis of the test 
sample,  g/ml.
    (v) Specification of the methanol test fuel, or fuel mixtures, used 
during testing.
    (vi) A continuous measurement of the dew point of the raw and 
diluted exhaust. This requirement may be omitted if the temperatures of 
all heated lines are kept above 220  deg.F, or if the manufacturer 
performs an engineering analysis demonstrating that the temperature of 
the heated systems remains above the maximum dew point of the gas stream 
throughout the course of the test.
    (19) For natural gas-fueled engines: Composition, including all 
carbon containing compounds; e.g., CO2, of the natural gas-
fuel used during the test. C1 and C2 compounds 
shall be individually reported. C3 and heavier compounds, and 
C6 and heavier compounds may be reported as a group.

[[Page 933]]

    (20) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines: Composition of the 
liquefied petroleum gas-fuel used during the test. Each hydrocarbon 
compound present, through C4 compounds, shall be individually 
reported. C5 and heavier hydrocarbons may be reported as a 
group.
    (21) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of each 
particulate sample and back-up filter or pair of filters.
    (22) Brake specific emissions (g/BHP-hr) for HC, CO, NOX, 
and, if applicable NMHC, NMHCE, THCE, CH3OH, and HCHO for 
each test phase (cold and hot).
    (23) The weighted (cold and hot) brake specific emissions (g/BHP-hr) 
for the total test.
    (24) The weighted (cold and hot) carbon balance or mass-measured 
brake specific fuel consumption for the total test.
    (25) The number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine 
after completing the test sequences described in Figure N84-10.

[59 FR 48535, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34376, June 30, 1995; 
62 FR 54730, Oct. 21, 1997]



   Subpart O--Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle 
   Light-Duty Vehicles and New Gasoline-Fueled Otto-Cycle Light-Duty 
               Trucks; Certification Short Test Procedures

    Source: 58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1401  Scope; applicability.

    (a) This subpart contains CST procedures for gasoline-fueled Otto-
cycle light-duty vehicles, and for gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty 
trucks, including those certified to operate using both gasoline and 
another fuel (for example, ``flexible-fuel'' or ``dual-fuel'' light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks). For the purposes of the Certification 
Short Test, flexible-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles will be treated as 
dedicated gasoline vehicles. This subpart applies to 1996 and later mode 
years.
    (b) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks under the provisions of subpart S of this 
part.

[64 FR 23922, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1402  Definitions.

    The definitions in Sec. 86.096-2 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.1403  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in Sec. 86.096-3 apply to this subpart.



Sec. 86.1404  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1405  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes equipment and the procedures required to 
perform the CST on gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and 
gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks (including those certified 
to operate using both gasoline and another fuel). Subpart A of this part 
sets forth the testing requirements, reporting requirements and test 
intervals necessary to comply with EPA certification procedures, subpart 
G of this part sets forth the requirements for Selective Enforcement 
Auditing of light-duty vehicles, subpart H of this part sets forth the 
standards for in-use testing, subpart K of this part sets forth the 
requirements for Selective Enforcement Auditing of light-duty trucks, 
and part 85, subpart W of this chapter sets forth the testing 
requirements for inspection and maintenance testing (which also may be 
utilized as part of the CST as defined in this subpart).
    (b) Three topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.1406 
through 86.1413 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.1416 through 86.1426 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
and test procedures and data requirements are described in Secs. 86.1427 
through 86.1442.

[[Page 934]]



Sec. 86.1406  Equipment required and specifications; overview.

    (a) Exhaust emission tests. All vehicles subject to this subpart are 
tested for exhaust emissions.
    (1) Dynamometer. (i) When a CST employs steady state loaded 
operation, the dynamometer must be adjusted to the lowest available 
inertia weight setting and must meet the load speed relationships 
described in Sec. 86.1439(d). When a CST employs transient loaded warmup 
operation or loaded preconditioning, the dynamometer must be adjusted to 
the power absorption unit and inertia weight settings as described in 
Sec. 86.129 of this part.
    (ii) All other requirements of this paragraph are set forth in 
Secs. 85.2230 and 85.2233 of this chapter.
    (2) Exhaust gas analysis system. (i) The requirements for the 
exhaust gas analysis system are set forth in Secs. 85.2225 and 85.2233 
of this chapter, except that the NO channel is optional. For the 
purposes of the CST, non-dispersive infrared analyzers are specified for 
measuring emissions.
    (ii) If desired, the line extending between the sample probe and the 
analyzer may be insulated to minimize condensation.
    (b) Fuel and analytical tests. Fuel requirements for the CST are 
specified in Secs. 86.113, 86.213, and 86.1413.

[58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, July 1, 1994]



Secs. 86.1407-86.1412  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1413  Fuel specifications.

    (a) The test fuel to be used for the CST test options described in 
tables O-96-1 and O-96-2 of Sec. 86.1430(b) must conform to the 
specifications listed in paragraph (b) of this section except that for 
manufacturer data submittal testing for the purposes of obtaining a 
certificate of conformity and for Selective Enforcement Audit testing, 
the octane specification of the fuels does not apply. For all gasoline-
fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle 
light-duty trucks (including those certified to operate using both 
gasoline fuel and another fuel), CST procedures performed for the 
purpose of obtaining a certificate of conformity must be conducted using 
the appropriate gasoline fuel only, as indicated in paragraph (b) of 
this section.
    (b) CST test fuels by option. (1) Test Option 1: Use Cold CO fuel as 
specified in the table in Sec. 86.213-94.
    (2) Test Option 2: Use Cold CO fuel, as specified in the table in 
Sec. 86.213-94; optionally, the Administrator may substitute Otto-cycle 
test fuel, as described in Sec. 86.113-94(a)(1).
    (3) Test Option 3: Use Otto-cycle test fuel as specified in the 
table in Sec. 86.113-94(a)(1).



Secs. 86.1414-86.1415  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1416  Calibration; frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations are performed as specified in Sec. 85.2233 of this 
chapter, with the exception that the calibrations performed at 72 hour 
intervals in Sec. 85.2233(e) of this chapter are instead performed prior 
to each CST.
    (b) At least monthly, or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, the calibration of the analyzer must be checked. The 
analyzer must be adjusted or repaired as necessary.
    (c) Water traps, filters, and conditioning columns must be checked 
before each test, and adjusted, repaired or replaced as necessary.
    (d) Other equipment used for testing must be calibrated as often as 
necessary in accordance with good engineering practice.



Secs. 86.1417-86.1421  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1422  Analyzer calibration.

    (a) Determine that the analyzer has met the acceptance criteria 
specified in Sec. 85.2225 of this chapter.
    (b) Initial and periodic check. Prior to its introduction into 
service and at specified periods thereafter, the analyzer must receive 
calibration in accordance with Sec. 85.2233 of this chapter and with 
good engineering practice.



Secs. 86.1423-86.1426  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1427  Certification Short Test procedure; overview.

    (a) The test procedure described in this subpart is designed to 
measure raw concentrations of CO (percent) and HC (parts per million) in 
the exhaust flow under conditions and test modes that

[[Page 935]]

may be encountered in the conduct of the Emission Control System 
Performance Warranty Short Tests, described in part 85, subpart W of 
this chapter. Emission sampling may occur during idle, 2500 rpm, and 
loaded modes. Specific conditions defined by this test procedure include 
fuel characteristics, ambient temperature, and waiting periods prior to 
being tested.
    (b) Testing by the manufacturer for certification data submittal. 
(1) The options provided for testing under this subpart include a cold 
temperature test with Cold CO fuel, a moderate temperature test with 
Cold CO fuel, and a warm temperature test with FTP Otto-cycle test fuel, 
as described in table O-96-1 of Sec. 86.1430. The manufacturer must 
complete testing for the data submittal (as required by the provisions 
of Sec. 86.096-23(c)) under a minimum of one of these scenarios.
    (2) In addition to testing under one of the sets of conditions 
specified in this subpart, the manufacturer may optionally test under 
conditions outside the ranges specified in this subpart.
    (c) Testing by the Administrator. The Administrator reserves the 
right to conduct testing in accordance with the test procedures 
described in Sec. 86.1439, under test conditions within the ranges 
specified in this subpart. The options provided for testing under this 
subpart include a cold temperature test with Cold CO fuel, a moderate 
temperature test with Cold CO fuel, a moderate temperature test with 
Otto-cycle test fuel, and a warm temperature test with Otto-cycle test 
fuel, as described in table O-96-2 of Sec. 86.1430. In order for an 
engine family to be eligible for certification, each of its test 
vehicles that is subjected to one or more CSTs must obtain a passing 
result for each combination of fuel, temperature, and test procedure 
employed in those CSTs, subject to the Administrator's discretion.
    (d) Alternative test procedures and exemptions. (1) The manufacturer 
may request an exemption from any specific test(s) described in 
Sec. 86.1439 for any engine family for which the specific test(s) is not 
appropriate. The requester will supply relevant test data and technical 
support to substantiate the request for an Administrator-granted 
exemption.
    (2) The manufacturer may request alternative test procedures for any 
engine family for which none of the test procedures described in 
Sec. 86.1439 is appropriate. The alternative test procedure(s) must be 
approved in advance by the Administrator in accordance with the 
provisions of Sec. 85.2208 of this chapter.
    (3) If the manufacturer does not submit a written application for 
use of alternative test procedures or for exemptions from specific test 
procedures described in Sec. 86.1439 but the Administrator determines 
that an engine family is not susceptible to satisfactory testing by the 
procedures set forth in this part, the Administrator shall notify the 
manufacturer in writing and set forth the reasons for such rejection in 
accordance with the provisions of Sec. 86.090-22(c).
    (4) The emission control information label for any vehicle for which 
approval of exemptions or alternative test procedure(s) has been granted 
must note such approval, in accordance with Sec. 86.096-35, in order for 
the exemptions or alternative procedures to be effective for that 
vehicle.



Secs. 86.1428-86.1429  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1430  Certification Short Test sequence; general requirements.

    (a) The following sequence lists the major steps encountered during 
the CST. These steps are described in paragraph (b) of this section and 
in Secs. 86.1432, 86.1437, 86.1438, and 86.1439. Testing conducted for 
the manufacturer's data submittal must be in accordance with the 
provisions of Secs. 86.096-23 and 86.1442.
    (1) Test conditions and procedures. (i) Manufacturer's data 
submittal. Test conditions must be selected from table O-96-1 of 
paragraph (b) of this section. Further, the vehicle preparation and test 
run must be those described in Secs. 86.1432 and 86.1437. Figure O96-1 
shows the steps encountered as the test vehicle undergoes the procedures 
subsequently described.

[[Page 936]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.236


[[Page 937]]


    (ii) Testing by the Administrator. Test conditions are selected from 
among the set of conditions in table O-96-2 of paragraph (b) of this 
section. Further, one or more CST(s) are performed in accordance with 
the provisions of Secs. 86.1432, 86.1438, and 86.1439. Figure O96-2 
shows the steps encountered as the test vehicle undergoes the procedures 
subsequently described.

[[Page 938]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.237

    (2) Fuel tank drain and refill, or transient test procedure. Fuel 
tank drain and fill is performed or a transient test procedure is 
performed, as described in Sec. 86.1432(b).

[[Page 939]]

    (3) Soak. A soak lasting up to 36 hours in duration may optionally 
be performed as specified in Sec. 86.1432(c).
    (4) Warmup operation--(i) Manufacturer's data submittal. The test 
vehicle may optionally be administered the first 505 seconds of the 
Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), as described in 
Sec. 86.1432(d)(1). If the test vehicle was subjected to a Cold CO Test 
Procedure in lieu of the steps listed in paragraphs (a) (2) through (4) 
of this section, it will not receive a warmup.
    (ii) Testing by the Administrator. (A) If the test vehicle has not 
been subjected to a transient loaded test procedure as permitted in 
Sec. 86.1432(b)(2) prior to the wait time, or if the vehicle has 
undergone a soak period exceeding 60 seconds, the test vehicle must be 
administered, at minimum, the first 505 seconds of the UDDS, as 
described in Sec. 86.1432(d)(2).
    (B) If the test vehicle is exposed to ambient temperatures outside 
of the specified temperature range between an initial test and a retest, 
it will receive a full UDDS, as described in Sec. 86.1438.
    (5) Wait time--(i) Manufacturer's data submittal. A 25 to 30 minute 
vehicle wait time of free idle, with optional engine off/restart cycles, 
must be performed as specified in Sec. 86.1437(b).
    (ii) Testing by the Administrator. A three to 30 minute vehicle wait 
time of free idle with optional engine off/restart cycles must be 
performed as specified in Sec. 86.1438(b).
    (6) Preconditioning--(i) Manufacturer's data submittal. Optional 
preconditioning consisting of 2500 rpm (300 rpm) idle 
operation or loaded operation at 30 mph to 50 mph (48 kph to 80 kph) may 
be performed for 25 to 30 seconds as specified in Sec. 86.1437(c).
    (ii) Testing by the Administrator. Preconditioning consisting of 
2500 rpm (300 rpm) idle operation or loaded operation at 30 
mph to 50 mph (48 kph to 80 kph) must be performed for a minimum of 30 
seconds as specified in Sec. 86.1438(c).
    (7) Test procedure--(i) Manufacturer's data submittal. The test 
procedure consists of the Two Speed Idle Test (first chance only), which 
is performed as specified in Sec. 86.1437 (e) through (g).
    (ii) Testing by the Administrator. The Administrator will perform 
one or more test procedures described in Sec. 86.1439. For recall 
program testing, in-use vehicles will be set to the manufacturer's 
specifications, if appropriate.
    (b) The sets of test conditions identified in this subpart are based 
on the test fuel type present in the vehicle fuel tank and the ambient 
temperature during the test. Tables O-96-1 and O-96-2 outline the 
specific ranges of conditions to be employed in the CST. The 
manufacturer must perform the CST described in this subpart under at 
least one of the three sets of conditions shown in table O-96-1 for data 
submittal under the provisions of Sec. 86.096-23. The set of conditions 
selected is the one that, in the manufacturer's best judgment, 
represents the worst case, meaning the highest probability that the test 
vehicle would fail.

          Table O--96-1--Sets of Conditions To Be Employed for Manufacturer's Data Submittal in the CST
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Test Option 1            Test Option 2            Test Option 3
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Cold Temperature       Moderate Temperature       Warm Temperature
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel Type............................  Cold CO fuel (see table  Cold CO fuel (see table  Otto-cycle test fuel
                                        in Sec.  86.213-94).     in Sec.  86.213-94).     (see table in Sec.
                                                                                          86.113-94(a)(1))
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
Ambient temperature..................  15  deg.F--25  deg.F (-  68  deg.F--86  deg.F     86  deg.F--96  deg.F
                                        9  deg.C---4  deg.C).    (20  deg.C--30  deg.C).  (30  deg.C--36  deg.C)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                Table O--96-2--Sets of Conditions To Be Employed by the Administrator in the CST
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Test Option 1            Test Option 2            Test Option 3
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Cold Temperature       Moderate Temperature       Warm Temperature
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel Type............................  Cold CO fuel (see table  Otto-cycle test fuel or  Otto-cycle test fuel
                                        in Sec.  86.213-94).     Cold CO fuel (see        (see table in Sec.
                                                                 table in Sec.  86.113-   86.113-94)
                                                                 94(a)(1) or in Sec.
                                                                 86.213-94).
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

[[Page 940]]

 
Ambient temperature..................  15  deg.F--25  deg.F (-  68  deg.F--86  deg.F     86  deg.F--96  deg.F
                                        9  deg.C---4  deg.C).    (20  deg.C--30  deg.C).  (30  deg.C--36  deg.C)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) For testing conducted in accordance with this subpart, the 
ambient temperature to which the test vehicle is exposed must not fall 
outside the range specified in this paragraph.
    (1) For the cold temperature compliance pathways--(i) For the 
manufacturer's data submittal. The ambient temperature for the steps 
following the fuel drain and fill or transient test procedure must 
remain between 15  deg.F and 25  deg.F (between -9  deg.C and -4 
deg.C).
    (ii) For testing by the Administrator. The ambient temperature for 
the remainder of the compliance pathway beginning with the step 
following the fuel drain and fill must remain between 15  deg.F and 68 
deg.F (between -9  deg.C and 20  deg.C). In addition, from the warmup 
operation step (if performed) or the wait time step forward through the 
remainder of the CST, the ambient temperature must be maintained within 
 5  deg.F (3  deg.C) of the selected ambient temperature of 
the CST.
    (2) For the moderate and warm temperature compliance pathways--(i) 
For the manufacturer's data submittal. The ambient temperature for the 
steps preceding the warmup operation (if performed) or the wait time (if 
no warmup is performed) must remain within the specific ambient 
temperature range selected for the CST, that is, either moderate or 
warm, as specified in table O-96-1.
    (ii) For testing by the Administrator. The ambient temperature for 
the steps preceding the warmup operation (if performed) or the wait time 
(if no warmup is performed) must remain between 68  deg.F and 96  deg.F 
(between 20  deg.C and 36  deg.C), except as provided in paragraph 
(c)(3) of this section.
    (iii) The warmup operation (if performed) and the entire test run 
from the wait time forward, as described in Sec. 86.1437 or 
Sec. 86.1438, must remain within the specific ambient temperature range 
selected for the CST, that is, either moderate or warm, as specified in 
tables O-96-1 and O-96-2.
    (3) For testing by the Administrator only. If Cold CO fuel is 
selected in conjunction with the moderate temperature compliance 
pathway, the specific provisions described in paragraphs (c)(3) (i) and 
(ii) of this section apply.
    (i) The ambient temperature must be maintained within the moderate 
temperature range, as specified in table O-96-2, from the drain and fuel 
step forward throughout the remainder of the compliance pathway.
    (ii) The ambient temperature of the test cell may not exceed 80 
deg.F (27  deg.C) for the warmup operation (if performed) nor for the 
entire test run from the wait time forward, as described in 
Secs. 86.1438 and 86.1439.
    (d) If the engine stalls at any time during the test run, the CST is 
void unless the stall falls during the wait time within the guidelines 
for engine off time described in Sec. 86.1437 (b) and (d) and 
Sec. 86.1438(d)(1)(i).

[58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, July 1, 1994]



Sec. 86.1431  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1432  Vehicle preparation.

    (a) The test conditions to be employed in the CST procedure must be 
selected from the applicable options specified in table O-96-1 or table 
O-96-2 of Sec. 86.1430(b). The fuel tank must be fitted, as required, to 
accommodate a fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as 
installed on the vehicle.
    (b) Fuel tank drain and fill, or transient test procedure--(1) CST 
performed as a stand-alone procedure. For the first CST compliance 
pathway performed as a stand-alone procedure on a particular test 
vehicle, the fuel tank(s) must be filled to approximately the prescribed 
``tank fuel volume'' (as defined in Sec. 86.082-2) with the specified 
test fuel.

[[Page 941]]

For the cold temperature compliance pathway, the temperature of the fuel 
prior to its delivery to the fuel tank must be less than or equal to 60 
deg.F (16  deg.C). If the existing fuel in the fuel tank(s) does not 
meet the specifications contained in Sec. 86.1413 and Sec. 86.1430(b), 
the existing fuel must be drained prior to the fuel fill as specified 
above. Other refueling during a CST may not be performed. Draining and 
refueling between successive CSTs is allowed and is required prior to 
any CST for which the specified fuel is different than that existing in 
the tank(s). Any soak or operation that follows this step, until the 
conclusion of the CST sequence, must occur at an ambient temperature 
that is within the allowable temperature range described in 
Sec. 86.1430(c).
    (2) CST performed in sequence with other confirmatory testing. 
Certain complete confirmatory test procedures, as indicated in 
paragraphs (b)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section, may be substituted for 
the vehicle preparation steps described in paragraph (b)(1), (c), and 
(d) of this section. If the vehicle is to be subjected to one or more of 
these other confirmatory test procedures, the vehicle is prepared in 
accordance with the applicable complete procedures from the point of 
fuel drain and fill.
    (i) Manufacturer's data submittal. The only test procedure that the 
manufacturer may select to substitute for paragraphs (b)(1), (c)(1), and 
(d)(1) of this section for the purposes of its data submittal is the 
Cold CO Test Procedure, performed in accordance with subpart C of this 
part.
    (ii) Testing by the Administrator. The complete confirmatory test 
sequences that the Administrator may select to substitute for paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section are listed in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) (A) through 
(C) of this section.
    (A) Federal Test Procedure for exhaust emissions (except when 
performing evaporative test sequence) or for fuel economy testing, in 
accordance with subpart B of this part.
    (B) Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure, in accordance with part 600 
of this chapter (which must follow a Federal Test Procedure).
    (C) Cold CO Test Procedure, in accordance with subpart C of this 
part.
    (c) Soak--(1) Manufacturer's data submittal. A vehicle soak prior to 
the wait time is optional if the CST sequence is performed as a stand-
alone procedure. If the manufacturer elects to perform a Cold CO Test 
Procedure in conjunction with the CST as permitted in paragraph (b)(2) 
of this section, the soak and subsequent warmup are not conducted, and 
instead the procedure must move directly to the wait time step described 
in Sec. 86.1437(b). If the test vehicle undergoes a soak period, it must 
be maintained at an ambient temperature within the temperature range 
specified in Sec. 86.1430(c), for a period not to exceed 36 hours in 
duration, except as provided in paragraph (d)(1) of this section. 
Ambient temperature during soak periods must remain within the 
appropriate temperature range for the selected test option.
    (2) Testing by the Administrator. (i) The test sequence may proceed 
directly to the wait time step described in Sec. 86.1438(b) within 60 
seconds of the end of vehicle operation conducted in accordance with 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (ii) Optionally, the test vehicle may soak at an ambient temperature 
within the temperature range specified in Sec. 86.1430(c), for a period 
up to 36 hours in duration, except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of 
this section. If the Administrator opts to soak the test vehicle, warmup 
operation must be performed as described in paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section.
    (d) Warmup operation--(1) Manufacturer's data submittal. Warmup 
operation is optional. Warmup consists of loaded operation over the 
first 505 seconds of the UDDS (in accordance with Sec. 86.115 and 
appendix I to this part), or optionally, if the soak period has exceeded 
36 hours, a full UDDS. Warmup operation must occur within the specific 
ambient temperature range for the selected test option, as given in 
table O-96-1 of Sec. 86.1430.
    (2) Testing by the Administrator. Warmup operation is performed if 
no transient operation of the type specified in Sec. 86.1432(b)(2) is 
performed prior to the wait time, or if the optional soak exceeds 60 
seconds. Warmup operation consists of, at a minimum, loaded operation 
over the first 505 seconds of

[[Page 942]]

the UDDS (in accordance with Sec. 86.115 and appendix I to this part), 
or, if the soak period has exceeded 36 hours, a full UDDS. Warmup 
operation must occur within the specific ambient temperature range for 
the selected test option, as given in table O-96-2 of Sec. 86.1430, 
except as specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section. 
Warmup operation must proceed immediately to the wait time step at 
Sec. 86.1438(b).
    (i) For moderate temperature testing utilizing Cold CO fuel only, 
the ambient temperature may not exceed 80  deg.F (27  deg.C) during 
warmup operation, or any of the succeeding steps in the CST sequence.
    (ii) For the cold temperature pathway only, warmup operation must 
occur not only within the specific ambient temperature range indicated 
in table O-96-2 of Sec. 86.1430, but must also occur within 5  deg.F (3 
deg.C) of the selected test temperature.



Sec. 86.1433  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1434  Equipment preparation.

    (a) Immediately prior to the wait time portion of the test run 
described in Sec. 86.1437 or Sec. 86.1438, or immediately prior to 
warmup operation, the steps described in paragraphs (b) through (d) of 
this section must be performed.
    (b) Check the device(s) for removing water from the exhaust sample 
and the sample filter(s). Remove any water from the water trap(s). Clean 
and replace the filter(s) as necessary.
    (c) Set the zero and span points of the analyzer with the electrical 
spanning network or with analytical gases.
    (d) Attach the tachometer to the vehicle in accordance with the 
analyzer manufacturer's instructions. The manufacturer must ensure, for 
all test and production vehicles and engines, that the rpm signal is 
capable of being read by an exhaust gas analyzer via:
    (1) A conventional inductive tachometer; or
    (2) The onboard diagnostics (OBD) connector, as described under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.094-17; or
    (3) A dedicated electrical lead, marked ``rpm'' and located under 
the hood, with a female-type, quarter-inch spade terminal. The digital 
transistor-transistor logic (TTL) signal must span the 0V-5V range at a 
rate of one pulse per engine revolution, synchronized to the top dead 
center position.



Secs. 86.1435-86.1436  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1437  Test run--manufacturer.

    (a) This section describes the test run performed by the 
manufacturer for its data submittal pursuant to obtaining a certificate 
of conformity under the provisions of Sec. 86.096-23. The test run 
consists of the wait time, vehicle preconditioning (optional), and the 
selected test procedure. The entire test run is performed in accordance 
with the conditions in the option selected from table O-96-1 of 
Sec. 86.1430.
    (b) Wait time. (1) If the vehicle is not already idling, the vehicle 
is started and allowed to idle freely with the transmission in neutral. 
The vehicle wait time begins when the vehicle engine speed is between 
350 and 1100 rpm. The engine speed must attain the specified idle speed 
within ten seconds of beginning the idle period. A timer for the wait 
time portion of the test run will initiate (wt=0) when the vehicle is 
turned on or when it returns to idle after any transient test procedure, 
as described in Sec. 86.1432.
    (2) Following the first three minutes of idle, this wait time may be 
interrupted by engine off/restart cycles occurring no more frequently 
than every five minutes, with each engine off period having a maximum 
duration of two minutes. Each period of idle following a restart must be 
a minimum of three minutes in duration. During each idle period, the 
engine speed must not exceed 1100 rpm or fall below 350 rpm for more 
than five seconds in any one excursion. The total duration of the wait 
time, including time at idle and time during engine off periods, is 25 
to 30 minutes.
    (c) Optional preconditioning. Immediately following the wait time, 
the engine speed is increased to 2500 300 rpm for 25 to 30 
seconds or, optionally, the vehicle will undergo loaded operation for a 
minimum of 30 seconds between the speeds of 30 and 50 mph (48 to 80 
kph). The period allowed for preconditioning commences upon attaining 
the specified rpm or speed range. No more

[[Page 943]]

than ten seconds may elapse between terminating the wait time and 
attaining the specified rpm or speed range for preconditioning.
    (d) Immediately following the wait time, described in paragraph (b) 
of this section, or, if performed, the optional preconditioning 
described in paragraph (c), the test procedure as described in 
paragraphs (e) through (g) of this section is performed on the test 
vehicle. The general requirements described in paragraphs (d) (1) 
through (4) of this section apply.
    (1) Exhaust gas sampling algorithm. The analysis of exhaust gas 
concentrations begins ten seconds after the applicable test mode begins. 
Exhaust gas concentrations must be analyzed at a minimum rate of once 
every 0.75 second. The measured value for pass/fail determinations is a 
simple running average of the measurements taken over five seconds.
    (2) Void test conditions. The test immediately terminates and any 
exhaust gas measurements are voided if the measured concentration of CO 
plus CO2 falls below six percent or the vehicle's engine 
stalls at any time during the test sequence.
    (3) Multiple exhaust pipes. Exhaust gas concentrations from vehicle 
engines equipped with multiple exhaust pipes must be sampled 
simultaneously.
    (4) Pass/fail determination. A pass or fail determination is made 
for each applicable test mode based on a comparison of the short test 
standards contained in Sec. 86.096-8(a) for light-duty vehicles and in 
Sec. 86.096-9(a) for light-duty trucks, and the measured value for HC 
and CO as described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section. A vehicle 
passes the test mode if any pair of simultaneous values for HC and CO 
are below or equal to the applicable short test standards.
    (e) Test sequence--general requirements. (1) The test sequence 
consists of an idle mode followed by a high-speed mode. The test timer 
starts when the conditions specified in this paragraph are met. The 
overall maximum test time is 290 seconds (tt=290). The test terminates 
immediately upon reaching the overall maximum test time. A vehicle that 
has not yielded passing results by the expiration of the overall test 
time fails the test.
    (2) The test sequence begins only after the requirements described 
in paragraphs (e)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section are met. If these 
conditions are not met within one minute upon completion of the wait 
time or, if performed, the preconditioning, the CST must be aborted.
    (i) The vehicle is tested with the transmission in neutral or park 
and all accessories turned off. The engine must be at normal operating 
temperature (as indicated by a temperature gauge, temperature lamp, 
touch test on the radiator hose, or other visual observation indicating 
that overheating has not occurred).
    (ii) The tachometer must be attached to the vehicle in accordance 
with the analyzer manufacturer's instructions.
    (iii) The sample probe is inserted into the tailpipe to a minimum 
depth of 10 inches. If the vehicle's exhaust system prevents insertion 
to this depth, a tailpipe extension must be used, or the probe may be 
inserted into the tailpipe to CVS connector through an aperture provided 
for this purpose.
    (iv) The measured concentration of CO plus CO2 must be 
greater than or equal to six percent.
    (f) Idle mode. (1) The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the vehicle 
engine speed is between 350 and 1100 rpm. If engine speed exceeds 1100 
rpm or falls below 350 rpm, the mode timer resets to zero and resumes 
timing. The minimum mode time is 30 seconds. The maximum idle mode 
length is 90 seconds elapsed time (mt=90).
    (2) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode terminated as described in paragraphs (f)(2) (i) through 
(iii) of this section.
    (i) The vehicle passes the idle mode and the mode is terminated at 
the end of an elapsed time of 30 seconds (mt=30) if the measured values 
are less than or equal to the applicable short test standards as 
described in paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
    (ii) The vehicle passes the idle mode and the mode is immediately 
terminated if, at any point between an elapsed time of 30 seconds 
(mt=30) and

[[Page 944]]

90 seconds (mt=90), the measured values are less than or equal to the 
applicable short test standards as described in paragraph (d)(4) of this 
section.
    (iii) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test is terminated if 
none of the provisions of paragraphs (f)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section 
is met by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (g) High-speed mode. This mode follows immediately upon termination 
of the idle mode.
    (1) The mode timer resets (mt=0) when the vehicle engine speed is 
between 2200 and 2800 rpm. If engine speed falls below 2200 rpm or 
exceeds 2800 rpm for more than two seconds in one excursion, or more 
than six seconds over all excursions within 30 seconds of the final 
measured value used in pass/fail determination, the measured value is 
invalidated and the mode continued. If any excursion lasts for more than 
ten seconds, the mode timer resets to zero (mt=0) and timing resumes. 
The minimum high-speed mode length is determined as described in 
paragraph (g)(2) of this section. The maximum high-speed mode length is 
90 seconds elapsed time (mt=90).
    (2) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode terminated as described in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) through 
(iii) of this section.
    (i) The vehicle passes the high-speed mode and the mode is 
terminated at the end of an elapsed time of 30 seconds (mt=30) if the 
measured values are less than or equal to the applicable short test 
standards as described in paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
    (ii) The vehicle passes the high-speed mode and the mode is 
immediately terminated if, at any point between an elapsed time of 30 
seconds (mt=30) and 90 seconds (mt=90), the measured values are less 
than or equal to the applicable short test standards as described in 
paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
    (iii) The vehicle fails the high-speed mode and the test is 
terminated if none of the provisions of paragraphs (g)(2) (i) and (ii) 
of this section is met by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).

[58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, July 1, 1994]



Sec. 86.1438  Test run--EPA.

    (a) This section describes the test run performed by the 
Administrator for confirmatory testing pursuant to issuing a certificate 
of conformity under the provisions of Sec. 86.091-29. The Administrator 
may also employ this procedure for Selective Enforcement Audit and 
recall purposes. For recall program testing, in-use vehicles will be set 
to manufacturer's specifications prior to conduct of the CST. The test 
run consists of the wait time, vehicle preconditioning, and the selected 
test procedure. The test run is performed in accordance with the 
conditions in the option selected from table O-96-2 of Sec. 86.1430. If 
the CST is performed in conjunction with other confirmatory testing in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1432(b)(2) and (c)(2), the vehicle must undergo 
the CST at the same specified ambient temperature range as that of the 
other confirmatory testing performed immediately prior to the optional 
vehicle soak, except as specified in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this 
section.
    (1) If the transient confirmatory testing was performed at the 
moderate temperature range specified in Sec. 86.1430 and utilized Otto-
cycle test fuel, it may optionally be followed by a CST sequence as 
described in Sec. 86.1432 (b) and (c) at the warm ambient temperature 
range.
    (2) If the transient confirmatory testing was performed at the 
moderate temperature range specified in Sec. 86.1430 and utilized Cold 
CO test fuel, it may optionally be followed by a CST sequence as 
described in Sec. 86.1432 (b) and (c) at the moderate ambient 
temperature range, except that if the ambient temperature exceeds 80 
deg.F (27  deg.C) at any point for the remainder of the sequence from 
the wait time forward, a non-passing test result renders the test void.
    (b) Wait time. (1) If the vehicle is not already idling, the vehicle 
is started and allowed to idle freely with the transmission in neutral. 
The vehicle wait time begins when the vehicle engine speed is between 
350 and 1100 rpm. The specified idle speed range must be attained within 
ten seconds of beginning the idle operation. A timer for the wait time 
portion of the test run will initiate (wt=0) when it returns to idle

[[Page 945]]

after any transient operation that occurs immediately prior to the wait 
time, as described in Sec. 86.1432, or when the vehicle is restarted 
after being shut off prior to the wait time.
    (2) Following the first three minutes of idle, this wait time may be 
interrupted by vehicle engine off/restart cycles occurring no more 
frequently than every five minutes, with each engine off period having a 
maximum duration of two minutes. Each period of idle following a restart 
must be a minimum of three minutes in duration. During each idle period, 
the engine speed must not exceed 1100 rpm or fall below 350 rpm for more 
than five seconds in any one excursion, except during the allowable 
engine-off periods. The total duration of the wait time, including time 
at idle and time during engine off periods, is three to 30 minutes.
    (c) Preconditioning. Immediately following the wait time, the 
vehicle is preconditioned by increasing engine speed to 2500 
300 rpm for a minimum of 30 seconds, or, optionally, the 
vehicle will undergo loaded operation for a minimum of 30 seconds 
between the speeds of 30 and 50 mph (48 to 80 kph).
    (d) Immediately following the preconditioning described in paragraph 
(c) of this section, the test procedure as described in paragraphs (e) 
through (g) of this section is performed on the test vehicle. When the 
CST--Loaded Test as described in Sec. 86.1439(d) is selected, the 
appropriate changes to dynamometer power absorption and inertia weight 
settings must be completed and the test sequence resumed as soon as 
possible following completion of preconditioning. The general 
requirements described in paragraphs (d) (1) through (4) of this section 
apply.
    (1) Exhaust gas sampling algorithm. The analysis of exhaust gas 
concentrations begins ten seconds after the applicable test mode begins. 
Exhaust gas concentrations must be analyzed at a minimum rate of once 
every 0.75 second. The measured value for pass/fail determinations is a 
simple running average of the measurements taken over five seconds.
    (2) Void test conditions. The test immediately terminates and any 
exhaust gas measurements are voided if the measured concentration of CO 
plus CO2 falls below six percent or the vehicle's engine 
stalls at any time during the test sequence.
    (3) Multiple exhaust pipes. Exhaust gas concentrations from vehicle 
engines equipped with multiple exhaust pipes must be sampled 
simultaneously.
    (4) Pass/fail determination. For certification and Selective 
Enforcement Audit testing, a pass or fail determination is made for each 
applicable test mode based on a comparison of the measured value for HC 
and CO as described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section with the short 
test standards contained in Sec. 86.096-8(a) for light-duty vehicles or 
in Sec. 86.096-9(a) for light-duty trucks. For recall testing, a pass or 
fail determination is made for each applicable test mode based on a 
comparison of the measured value for HC and CO as described in paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section with the short test standards contained in 
Sec. 86.708(a) for light-duty vehicles or in Sec. 86.709(a) for light-
duty trucks. A vehicle passes the test mode if any pair of simultaneous 
values for HC and CO are below or equal to the applicable short test 
standards.
    (e) Test sequence--general requirements. The test timer starts only 
after the requirements described in paragraphs (e) (1) through (4) of 
this section are met. If these conditions are not met within one minute 
upon completion of the preconditioning, the CST must be aborted.
    (1) The vehicle is tested with the transmission in neutral or park 
and all accessories turned off. The engine must be at normal operating 
temperature (as indicated by a temperature gauge, temperature lamp, 
touch test on the radiator hose, or other visual observation indicating 
that overheating has not occurred).
    (2) The tachometer must be attached to the vehicle in accordance 
with the analyzer manufacturer's instructions.
    (3) The sample probe is inserted into the tailpipe to a minimum 
depth of 10 inches. If the vehicle's exhaust system prevents insertion 
to this depth, a tailpipe extension must be used, or the probe may be 
inserted into the tailpipe to CVS connector through an aperture provided 
for this purpose.

[[Page 946]]

    (4) The measured concentration of CO plus CO2 must be 
greater than or equal to six percent.
    (f) When the requirements listed in paragraph (e) of this section 
have been satisfied, the procedure selected by the Administrator from 
among the emission tests described in Sec. 86.1439 is performed on the 
test vehicle in accordance with the conditions prescribed in this 
section and Secs. 86.1430 and 86.1432.
    (g) If a certification test vehicle fails its initial confirmatory 
CST, a retest must be given in accordance with the provisions of 
Sec. 86.091-29(a)(3)(iii)(B)(1) unless the manufacturer withdraws the 
vehicle from the certification process.
    (1) A vehicle receiving a retest must re-enter the confirmatory 
pathway at either:
    (i) The soak time step, as described in Sec. 86.1432, or
    (ii) The drain and fill step preceding the soak time option, as 
described in Sec. 86.1432(b)(1), using the same type of fuel as was used 
in the initial CST. The vehicle may optionally be filled to the 
specified level defined in Sec. 86.082 without being drained.
    (2) A vehicle receiving a retest must either:
    (i) Be maintained in the same ambient temperature range as that 
specified for the initial confirmatory CST (as described in 
Sec. 86.1430(c)) from the termination of the initial confirmatory CST 
throughout the retest, or,
    (ii) If the vehicle is exposed to ambient temperatures outside of 
the specified temperature range, before it enters the wait time it must 
be given a warmup consisting of a full Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule procedure at the specified ambient temperature range for the 
initial CST. The test vehicle will be maintained at the same ambient 
temperature range as that specified for the initial confirmatory CST 
from this step throughout the remainder of the retest.
    (h) Multiple CSTs. The Administrator may elect to conduct more than 
one type of CST on a test vehicle.
    (1) If the Administrator elects to change fuels between one CST and 
a subsequent CST, the subsequent CST initiates at the drain and fill 
step described in Sec. 86.1432(b)(1).
    (2) If the Administrator elects to utilize the same fuel between one 
CST and a subsequent CST other than a retest, the Administrator may 
optionally initiate the subsequent CST at the vehicle soak step 
specified in Sec. 86.1432(d).

[58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, July 1, 1994]



Sec. 86.1439  Certification Short Test emission test procedures--EPA.

    (a) The portions of the performance warranty test procedures 
described in part 85, subpart W of this chapter designated as ``second-
chance'' which are analogous to the CST emission test procedures do not 
apply to the testing performed in accordance with this subpart. The 
Administrator selects from among the CST emission test procedures listed 
in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section, which are incorporated 
into the vehicle test run at the point described in Sec. 86.1438(f); 
that is, after the requirements of Sec. 86.1438(e) have been satisfied.
    (b) CST--Two-speed idle test. This test consists of an idle sampling 
mode followed immediately by a high-speed sampling mode. The test timer 
starts (tt=0) when the conditions specified in Sec. 86.1438(e) are met. 
The overall maximum test time is 290 seconds (tt=290). The test 
terminates immediately upon reaching the overall maximum test time. A 
vehicle that has not yielded passing results by the expiration of the 
overall test time fails the test.
    (1) Idle mode. (i) The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the vehicle 
engine speed is between 350 and 1100 rpm. If engine speed exceeds 1100 
rpm or falls below 350 rpm, the mode timer resets to zero and resumes 
timing. The minimum mode time is 30 seconds. The maximum idle mode 
length is 90 seconds elapsed time (mt=90).
    (ii) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode terminated as described in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) (A) and 
(B) of this section.
    (A) The vehicle passes the idle mode if the measured values are less 
than or equal to the applicable short test standards as described in 
Sec. 86.1438(d)(4) prior to an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90). If 
the vehicle passes, the mode

[[Page 947]]

terminates immediately, or after an elapsed time of 30 seconds (mt=30), 
whichever comes second.
    (B) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test is immediately 
terminated if the requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A) of this section 
are not satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (2) High-speed mode. This mode follows immediately upon termination 
of the idle mode.
    (i) The mode timer resets (mt=0) when the vehicle engine speed is 
between 2200 and 2800 rpm. If engine speed falls below 2200 rpm or 
exceeds 2800 rpm for more than two seconds in one excursion, or more 
than six seconds over all excursions within 30 seconds of the final 
measured value used in pass/fail determination, the measured value is 
invalidated and the mode continued. If any excursion lasts for more than 
ten seconds, the mode timer resets to zero (mt=0) and timing resumes. 
The minimum high-speed mode length is determined as described in 
paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section. The maximum high-speed mode length 
is 90 seconds elapsed time (mt=90).
    (ii) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode terminates as described in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) (A) and 
(B) of this section.
    (A) The vehicle passes the high-speed mode and the test is 
immediately terminated if, at any point prior to an elapsed time of 90 
seconds (mt=90), the measured values are less than or equal to the 
applicable short test standards as described in Sec. 86.1438(d)(4).
    (B) The vehicle fails the high-speed mode and the test is terminated 
if the requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(A) of this section are not 
satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (c) CST--Idle test. This test consists of an idle sampling mode 
only. The test timer starts when the conditions specified in 
Sec. 86.1438(e) are met. The overall maximum test time is 145 seconds 
(tt=145). The test terminates immediately upon reaching the overall 
maximum test time. A vehicle that has not yielded passing results by the 
expiration of the overall test time fails the test.
    (1) The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the vehicle engine speed is 
between 350 and 1100 rpm. If engine speed exceeds 1100 rpm or falls 
below 350 rpm, the mode timer resets to zero and resumes timing. The 
minimum mode length is determined as described under paragraph (c)(2) of 
this section. The maximum mode length is 90 seconds elapsed time 
(mt=90).
    (2) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode is terminated in accordance with paragraphs (c)(2) (i) and 
(ii) of this section.
    (i) The vehicle passes the idle mode and the test is immediately 
terminated if, at any point prior to an elapsed time of 90 seconds 
(mt=90), the measured values are less than or equal to the applicable 
short test standards as described in Sec. 86.1438(d)(4).
    (ii) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test is terminated if 
the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section are not 
satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (d) CST--Loaded test. This test consists of a loaded sampling mode 
followed immediately by an idle sampling mode. The test timer starts 
(tt=0) when the conditions specified in Sec. 86.1438(e) are met, and the 
gear selector is in `drive' for automatic transmissions, or in second 
gear (or third gear if more appropriate) for manual transmissions. The 
overall maximum test time is 240 seconds (tt=240). The test terminates 
immediately upon reaching the overall maximum test time. A vehicle that 
has not yielded passing results by the expiration of the overall test 
time fails the test.
    (1) Loaded mode. (i) The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the 
dynamometer speed is within the limits specified for the vehicle engine 
size according to the following schedule. If the dynamometer speed falls 
outside the limits for more than five seconds in one excursion, or 15 
seconds over all excursions, the mode timer resets to zero and resumes 
timing. The minimum mode length is determined as described in paragraph 
(d)(1)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section. The maximum mode length is 90 
seconds elapsed time (mt=90).

[[Page 948]]



                        Dynamometer Test Schedule
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Normal loading,
    Gasoline engine size, no.       Roll speed, mph         brake hp
            cylinders                    (kph)            (kilowatts)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 or less.......................  22-25 (35-40)......  2.8-4.1 (2.1-3.1)
5-6.............................  29-32 (47-52)......  6.8-8.4 (5.1-6.3)
7 or more.......................  32-35 (52-56)......     8.4-10.8 (6.3-
                                                                    8.1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode is terminated in accordance with paragraphs (d)(1)(ii) (A) 
and (B) of this section.
    (A) The vehicle passes the loaded mode if the measured values are 
less than or equal to the applicable short test standards as described 
in Sec. 86.1438(d)(4) prior to an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90). If 
the vehicle passes, the mode terminates immediately, or after an elapsed 
time of 30 seconds (mt=30), whichever comes second.
    (B) The vehicle fails the loaded mode and the test is terminated if 
the requirements of paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(A) of this section are not 
satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (2) Idle mode. (i) The mode timer starts (mt=0) five seconds after 
the dynamometer speed has reached zero and the gear selector is in 
`park' or `neutral'. The minimum idle mode length is determined as 
described in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section. The maximum idle mode 
length is 90 seconds elapsed time (mt=90).
    (ii) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode is terminated in accordance with paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) (A) 
and (B) of this section.
    (A) The vehicle passes the idle mode and the test is immediately 
terminated if, at any point prior to an elapsed time of 90 seconds 
(mt=90), measured values are less than or equal to the applicable short 
test standards described in Sec. 86.1438(d)(4).
    (B) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test terminates if the 
requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(A) of this section are not 
satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (e) CST--Preconditioned idle test. This test consists of a high-
speed preconditioning mode followed immediately by an idle sampling 
mode. The test timer starts (tt=0) when the conditions specified in 
Sec. 86.1438(e) are met. The overall maximum test time is 200 seconds 
(tt=200). The test terminates immediately upon reaching the overall 
maximum test time. A vehicle that has not yielded passing results by the 
expiration of the overall test time fails the test.
    (1) Preconditioning mode. The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the 
engine speed is between 2200 and 2800 rpm. The mode continues for an 
elapsed time of 30 seconds (mt=30). If engine speed falls below 2200 rpm 
or exceeds 2800 rpm for more than five seconds in any one excursion, or 
15 seconds over all excursions, the mode timer resets to zero and 
resumes timing.
    (2) Idle mode. (i) The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the vehicle 
engine speed is between 350 and 1100 rpm. If engine speed exceeds 1100 
rpm or falls below 350 rpm, the mode timer resets to zero and resumes 
timing. The minimum idle mode length is determined as described in 
paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section. The maximum idle mode length is 90 
seconds elapsed time (mt=90).
    (ii) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode terminates as described in paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) (A) and 
(B) of this section.
    (A) The vehicle passes the idle mode and the test is immediately 
terminated if, at any point prior to an elapsed time of 90 seconds 
(mt=90), the measured values are less than or equal to the applicable 
short test standards as described in Sec. 86.1438(d)(4).
    (B) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test terminates if the 
requirements of paragraph (e)(2)(ii)(A) of this section are not 
satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (f) CST--Preconditioned two-speed idle test. This test consists of a 
high-speed sampling mode followed immediately by an idle sampling mode. 
The test timer starts (tt=0) when the conditions specified in 
Sec. 86.1438(e) are met. The overall maximum test time is 290 seconds 
(tt=290). The test terminates immediately upon reaching the overall 
maximum test time. A vehicle that has

[[Page 949]]

not yielded passing results by the expiration of the overall test time 
fails the test.
    (1) High-speed mode. (i) The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the 
vehicle engine speed is between 2200 and 2800 rpm. If the engine speed 
falls below 2200 rpm or exceeds 2800 rpm for more than two seconds in 
one excursion, or more than six seconds over all excursions within 30 
seconds of the final measured value used in the pass/fail determination, 
the measured value is invalidated and the mode continued. If any 
excursion lasts for more than ten seconds, the mode timer resets to zero 
(mt=0) and timing resumes. The high-speed mode length is 90 seconds 
elapsed time (mt=90).
    (ii) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode is terminated in accordance with paragraphs (f)(1)(ii) (A) 
and (B) of this section.
    (A) The vehicle passes the high-speed mode and the mode is 
terminated at an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90) if any measured 
values are less than or equal to the applicable short test standards as 
described in Sec. 86.1438(d).
    (B) The vehicle fails the high-speed mode and the test is terminated 
if the requirements of paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(A) of this section are not 
satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).
    (2) Idle mode. (i) The mode timer starts (mt=0) when the vehicle 
engine speed is between 350 and 1100 rpm. If the engine speed exceeds 
1100 rpm or falls below 350 rpm, the mode timer resets to zero and 
resumes timing. The minimum idle mode length is determined as described 
in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section. The maximum idle mode length is 
90 seconds elapsed time (mt=90).
    (ii) The pass/fail analysis begins after an elapsed time of ten 
seconds (mt=10). A pass or fail determination is made for the vehicle 
and the mode is terminated in accordance with paragraphs (f)(2)(ii) (A) 
and (B) of this section.
    (A) The vehicle passes the idle mode and the test is immediately 
terminated if, at any point prior to an elapsed time of 90 seconds 
(mt=90), the measured values are less than or equal to the applicable 
short test standards as described in Sec. 86.1438(d)(4).
    (B) The vehicle fails the idle mode and the test is terminated if 
the requirements of paragraphs (f)(2)(ii)(A) of this section are not 
satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (mt=90).

[58 FR 58426, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, 33914, July 1, 1994]



Secs. 86.1440-86.1441  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1442  Information required.

    (a) General data. The information listed in paragraphs (a) (1) 
through (14) of this section must be recorded with respect to each CST. 
Elements of this general data may be located separately from the CST 
emission data, as long as the general data can easily be presented 
together with the CST emission data when a complete data set for the 
vehicle is desired.
    (1) Test number.
    (2) Vehicle description, including engine family code, vehicle ID 
number, version number, manufacturer, number of cylinders, equivalent 
test weight, weight class and odometer reading.
    (3) Date and time of day for the test.
    (4) Driver and equipment operator IDs.
    (5) Gas analyzers: Analyzer bench ID, analyzer ranges, recordings of 
analyzer output during zero, span, and sample readings.
    (6) Recorder charts or computer printouts: Test number, date, 
vehicle ID, operator ID, and identification of the measurements 
recorded.
    (7) Soak area ambient temperature ( deg.F).
    (8) Test cell ambient temperature ( deg.F), barometric pressure, and 
humidity. (A central laboratory barometer may be used, provided that 
individual test cell barometric pressures are shown to be within 
0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at the central 
barometer location.)
    (9) Test fuel: RVP and type (Otto-cycle test fuel or Cold CO test 
fuel).
    (10) Warmup operation performed, for example, none, full Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), first 505 seconds of the UDDS, 
other confirmatory test procedure, other transient operation.

[[Page 950]]

    (11) Wait time characteristics, including total time and engine off/
restart cycle schedule.
    (12) Preconditioning; duration and type, for example, minimum 2500 
rpm idle or minimum 30 mph (48 kph) loaded steady state operation.
    (13) CST procedure type, as described in Sec. 86.1439.
    (14) Dynamometer ID.
    (b) CST emission data. For each CST, the information listed in 
paragraphs (b) (1) through (3) of this section must be recorded with 
respect to each sampling mode.
    (1) The reported exhaust concentrations, i.e., those for which the 
product of HC+(151*CO) is at a minimum. Round initial test results to 
the number of decimal places contained in the respective standards 
expressed to one additional significant figure; round final test results 
to the number of decimal places contained in the respective standards. 
Rounding is done in accordance with ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for 
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications. This procedure has been incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (2) The test time and mode time at which the reported exhaust 
concentrations are at a minimum.
    (3) Minimum CO+CO2 concentration (if applicable).



 Subpart P--Emission Regulations for Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty Engines, New 
 Methanol-Fueled Natural Gas-Fueled, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled 

 Diesel-Cycle Heavy-Duty Engines, New Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks, and 
  New Methanol-Fueled Natural Gas-Fueled, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas-
       Fueled Diesel-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks; Idle Test Procedures

    Authority: Secs. 202, 206, 207, 208, 301(a), Clean Air Act, as 
amended 42 U.S.C. 7521, 7525, 7541, 7542, and 7601.

    Source: 48 FR 52252, Nov. 16, 1983, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1501-90  Scope; applicability.

    This subpart contains gaseous emission idle test procedures for 
gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, and 
for gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks. It 
applies to 1990 and later model years.

[54 FR 14611, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1501-94  Scope; applicability.

    (a) This subpart contains gaseous emission idle test procedures for 
light-duty trucks and heavy-duty engines for which idle CO standards 
apply. It applies to 1994 and later model years. The idle test 
procedures are optionally applicable to 1994 through 1996 model year 
natural gas-fueled and liquified petroleum gas-fueled light-duty trucks 
and heavy-duty engines.
    (b) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty trucks 
under the provisions of subpart S of this part.

[64 FR 23923, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1502-84  Definitions.

    The definitions in Sec. 86.084-2 or Sec. 86.1803-01, as applicable, 
apply to this subpart.

[64 FR 23923, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1503-84  Abbreviations.

    The abbreviations in Sec. 86.084-3 or in Sec. 86.1804-01, as 
applicable, apply to this subpart.

[64 FR 23923, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1504-90  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the 
section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first 
model year for which a section is effective. A section remains effective 
until superseded.
    Example: Section 86.1511-84 applies to the 1984 and subsequent model 
years until superseded. If Sec. 86.1511-85 is promulgated, it would take 
effect beginning with the 1985 model year. Section 86.1511-83 would 
apply to model years 1983 and 1984.

[[Page 951]]

    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model year.
    (c) All provisions in this subpart apply to gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, and to gasoline-fueled 
and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks.

[54 FR 14611, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1504-94  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the 
section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first 
model year for which a section is effective. A section remains effective 
until superseded.
    Example: Section 86.1511-84 applies to the 1984 and subsequent model 
years until superseded. If Sec. 86.1511-85 is promulgated, it would take 
effect beginning with the 1985 model year. Section 86.1511-83 would 
apply to model years 1983 and 1984.
    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model year.
    (c) All provisions in this subpart apply to gasoline-fueled and 
methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, methanol-fueled Diesel-
cycle heavy-duty engines, new Otto-cycle light-duty trucks, and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, natural gas-fueled, and methanol-fueled 
diesel-cycle light-duty trucks.

[59 FR 48536, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34376, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1505-84  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment and the procedures required 
to perform idle exhaust emission tests on gasoline-fueled heavy-duty 
engines and gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks. Subpart A sets forth the 
testing requirements, reporting requirements, and test intervals 
necessary to comply with EPA certification procedures.
    (b) Four topics are addressed in this subpart. Secs. 86.1505-84 
through 86.1515-84 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.1516-84 through 86.1526-84 discuss calibration methods and 
frequency; test procedures and data requirements are listed in 
Secs. 86.1527-84 through 86.1542-84; and calculation formulae are found 
in Sec. 86.1544-84.



Sec. 86.1505-90  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment and the procedures required 
to perform idle exhaust emission tests on gasoline-fueled and methanol-
fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines, and gasoline-fueled and methanol-
fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks. Subpart A sets forth the testing 
requirements, reporting requirements and test intervals necessary to 
comply with EPA certification procedures.
    (b) Four topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.1505 
through 86.1515 set forth specifications and equipment requirement; 
Secs. 86.1516 through 86.1526 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures and data requirements are listed in Secs. 86.1527 
through 86.1542 and calculation formula are found in Sec. 86.1544.

[54 FR 14611, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1505-94  Introduction; structure of subpart.

    (a) This subpart describes the equipment and the procedures required 
to perform idle exhaust emission tests on heavy-duty engines and light-
duty trucks. Subpart A of this part sets forth the testing requirements, 
reporting requirements and test intervals necessary to comply with EPA 
certification procedures.
    (b) Four topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.1505 
through 86.1515 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; 
Secs. 86.1516 through 86.1526 discuss calibration methods and frequency; 
test procedures and data requirements are listed in Secs. 86.1527 
through 86.1542 and calculation formulas are found in Sec. 86.1544.

[59 FR 48536, Sept. 21, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 34376, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1506-90  Equipment required and specifications; overview.

    (a) This subpart contains procedures for performing idle exhaust 
emission tests on gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-
duty engines, and gasoline-fueled and methanol-

[[Page 952]]

fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks. Equipment required and 
specifications are as follows:
    (1) Exhaust emission tests. All engines and vehicles subject to this 
subpart are tested for exhaust emissions. Necessary equipment and 
specifications appear in Secs. 86.1509 through 86.1511.
    (2) Fuel and analytical tests. Fuel requirements for idle exhaust 
emission testing are specified in Sec. 86.1513. Analytical gases are 
specified in Sec. 86.1514.
    (b) [Reserved]

[54 FR 14612, Apr. 11, 1989]



Sec. 86.1506-94  Equipment required and specifications; overview.

    (a) This subpart contains procedures for performing idle exhaust 
emission tests on Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and Otto-cycle light-
duty trucks. Equipment required and specifications are as follows:
    (1) Exhaust emission tests. All engines and vehicles subject to this 
subpart are tested for exhaust emissions. Necessary equipment and 
specifications appear in Secs. 86.1509 through 86.1511.
    (2) Fuel and analytical tests. Fuel requirements for idle exhaust 
emission testing are specified in Sec. 86.1513. Analytical gases are 
specified in Sec. 86.1514.
    (b) [Reserved]

[59 FR 48536, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1509-84  Exhaust gas sampling system.

    (a) The exhaust gas sampling system shall transport the exhaust 
sample from the engine or vehicle to the analysis system in such a 
manner as to maintain the integrity of the sample constituents that are 
to be analyzed.
    (b) The sample system shall supply a dry sample (i.e., water 
removed) to the analysis system.
    (c) A CVS sampling system with bag analysis as specified in 
Sec. 86.1309 or Sec. 86.109 or with continuous analysis as specified in 
Sec. 86.1310 is permitted as applicable. The inclusion of an additional 
raw carbon dioxide (CO2) analyzer as specified in 
Secs. 86.309-79 and 86.316-79 is required if the CVS system is used, in 
order to accurately determine the CVS dilution factor. The heated sample 
line specified in Sec. 86.309-79 and Sec. 86.310-79 for raw emission 
requirements is not required for the raw CO2 measurement.
    (d) A raw exhaust sampling system as specified in Sec. 86.309-79 and 
Sec. 86.310-79 is permitted.

[48 FR 52252, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 60 FR 34376, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1511-84  Exhaust gas analysis system.

    (a) Analyzers used for this subpart shall meet the following 
specifications:
    (1) The analyzer used shall conform to the emission measurement 
accuracy provisions of Sec. 86.1338.
    (2) The resolution of the readout device(s) for the range specified 
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be equal to or less than 0.05 
percent for the CO analyzer.
    (3) For the range specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the 
precision shall be less than 3 percent of full-scale 
deflection. The precision is defined as two times the standard deviation 
of five repetitive responses to a given calibration gas.
    (4) For the range specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the 
mean response to a zero calibration gas shall not exceed 3 
percent of full-scale deflection during a 1-hour period.
    (5) For the range specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section the 
drift of the mean calibration response shall be less than 3 
percent of full scale during a 1-hour period. The calibration response 
is defined as the analyzer response to a calibration gas after the 
analyzer has been spanned by the electrical spanning network at the 
beginning of the 1-hour period.
    (6) The analyzer must respond to an instantaneous step change at the 
entrance to the sampling system with a response equal to 90 percent of 
that step change within 15 seconds or less on the range specified in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The step change shall be at least 60 
percent of full-scale deflection.
    (7) The interference gases listed shall individually or collectively 
produce an analyzer reading less than 2 percent of full 
scale on the range specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.

[[Page 953]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Applicable
         Interference gas             Concentration         analyzer
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO2..............................  14 percent.........  CO
C3H8.............................  1 percent..........  CO
H2O..............................  Saturated vapor at   CO
                                    100 F.
NOX..............................  1,000 ppm..........  CO
O2...............................  5 percent..........  CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (8) The analyzer shall be able to meet the specifications in 
paragraph (a) of this section under the following conditions:
    (i) After a 30 minute warm-up from the prevailing ambient 
conditions;
    (ii) Between 0 to 85 percent relative humidity; and
    (iii) During variations of 50 percent of nominal sample 
flow.
    (b) The inclusion of a raw CO2 analyzer as specified in 
Sec. 86.309-79 and Sec. 86.316-79 is required in order to accurately 
determine the CVS dilution factor.

[48 FR 52252, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 60 FR 34377, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1513-90  Fuel specifications.

    The requirements of this section are set forth in Sec. 86.1313-90(a) 
for heavy-duty engines, and in Sec. 86.113-90(a) for light-duty trucks.

[53 FR 478, Jan. 7, 1988]



Sec. 86.1513-94  Fuel specifications.

    The requirements of this section are set forth in Sec. 86.1313-94 
for heavy-duty engines and in Sec. 86.113-94 for light-duty trucks.

[59 FR 48536, Sept. 21, 1994]



Sec. 86.1514-84  Analytical gases.

    (a) The final idle emission test results shall be reported as 
percent for carbon monoxide on a dry basis.
    (b) If the raw CO sampling system in Sec. 86.309-79 is used, the 
analytical gases specified in Sec. 86.308-79 shall be used.
    (c) If a CVS sampling system is used, the analytical gases specified 
in Sec. 86.1314 shall be used.

[48 FR 52252, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 24613, July 7, 1986; 60 
FR 34377, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1516-84  Calibration; frequency and overview.

    (a) Calibrations shall be performed as specified in Secs. 86.1518-84 
through 86.1526-84.
    (b) At least monthly or after any maintenance which could alter 
calibration, check the calibration of the CO analyzer. Adjust or repair 
the analyzer as necessary.
    (c) Water traps, filters, or conditioning columns should be checked 
before each test.



Sec. 86.1519-84  CVS calibration.

    If the CVS system is used for sampling during the idle emission 
test, the calibration instructions are specified in Sec. 86.1319-84 for 
heavy-duty engines, and Sec. 86.119-78 for light-duty trucks.



Sec. 86.1522-84  Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.

    (a) Initial check. (1) Follow good engineering practice for 
instrument start-up and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize 
performance on the range specified in Sec. 86.1511-84(a)(1).
    (2) Calibrate the analyzer with the calibration gas specified in 
Sec. 86.1514-84.
    (3) Adjust the electrical span network such that the electrical span 
point is correct when the analyzer reads the calibration gas correctly.
    (4) Determine that the analyzer complies with the specifications in 
Sec. 86.1511-84.
    (b) Periodic check. Follow paragraphs (a) (1), (2), and (3) of this 
section as specified by Sec. 86.1516-84(b). Adjust or repair the 
analyzer as necessary.



Sec. 86.1524-84  Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

    (a) The calibration requirements for the dilute-sample 
CO2 analyzer are specified in Sec. 86.1324-84 for heavy-duty 
engines and Sec. 86.124-78 for light-duty trucks.
    (b) The calibration requirements for the raw CO2 analyzer 
are specified in Sec. 86.330-79.



Sec. 86.1526-84  Calibration of other equipment.

    Other test equipment used for testing shall be calibrated as often 
as necessary according to good engineering practice.

[[Page 954]]



Sec. 86.1527-84  Idle test procedure; overview.

    (a) The idle emission test procedure is designed to determine the 
raw concentration (in percent) of CO in the exhaust flow at idle. The 
test procedure begins with the engine at normal operating temperature. 
(For example, the warm-up for an engine may be the transient engine or 
chassis dynamometer test.)
    (b) Raw emission sampling must be made before dilution occurs from a 
single exhaust pipe in which exhaust products are homogeneously mixed. 
The configuration for dual-exhaust systems must also allow for raw 
emission measurements, which will require that an additional ``Y'' pipe 
be placed in the exhaust system before dilution.



Sec. 86.1530-84  Test sequence; general requirements.

    (a) The following test sequence lists the major steps encountered 
during the idle test:

Preparation
Warm-up (or Emission Test)
Preconditioning, 30 seconds minimum, six minutes maximum
Idle Stabilization, 305 seconds
Idle Emission Sampling, one minute minimum, six minutes maximum


These steps are described by subsequent procedures.
    (b) Ambient test cell conditions during the test shall be those 
specified in Sec. 86.1330-84 or Sec. 86.130-78.



Sec. 86.1537-84  Idle test run.

    The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    (a) Check the device(s) for removing water from the exhaust sample 
and the sample filter(s). Remove any water from the water trap(s). Clean 
and replace the filter(s) as necessary.
    (b) Set the zero and span points of the CO analyzer with the 
electrical spanning network or with analytical gases.
    (c) Achieve normal engine operating condition. The transient engine 
or chassis dynamometer test is an acceptable technique for warm-up to 
normal operating condition for the idle test. If the emission test is 
not performed prior to the idle emission test, a heavy-duty engine may 
be warmed-up according to Sec. 86.1332-84(d)(2) (i) through (iv). A 
light-duty truck may be warmed up by operation through one Urban 
Dynamometer Driving Schedule test procedure (see Sec. 86.115-78 and 
appendix I to this part).
    (d) Operate the warm engine at 2500 50 rpm, or rated 
torque speed for diesel-cycle engines, and zero load for a minimum of 30 
seconds and a maximum of 6 minutes.
    (e) If the CVS sampling system is used, the following procedures 
apply:
    (1) If bag samples are drawn, with the sample selector valves in the 
standby position connect evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute 
exhaust and dilution air sample collection systems.
    (2) Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps, 
integrators, and the raw CO2 analyzer, as applicable. (The 
heat exchanger of the constant volume sampler, if used, shall be running 
at operating temperature before sampling begins.)
    (3) Adjust the sample flow rates to the desired flow rate and set 
the gas flow measuring devices to zero.
    (4) Operate the engine or vehicle at curb idle for 305 
seconds with the clutch disengaged or in neutral gear. A heavy-duty 
engine may also be disconnected from the dynamometer, or the dynamometer 
may be shut off.
    (5) Begin raw and dilute sampling.
    (6) For bag sampling, sample idle emissions long enough to obtain a 
sufficient bag sample, but in no case shorter than 60 seconds nor longer 
than 6 minutes. Follow the sampling and exhaust measurements 
requirements of Sec. 86.340-79(e) for the conducting of the raw 
CO2 measurement.
    (7) As soon as possible, transfer the idle test exhaust and dilution 
air samples to the analytical system and process the samples according 
to Sec. 86.1540-84. Obtain a stabilized reading of the exhaust sample on 
all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection 
phase of the test.
    (f) If the raw exhaust sampling and analysis technique specified in 
Sec. 86.309-79 is used, the following procedures apply:
    (1) Warm up the engine or vehicle per paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 
section. Operate the engine or vehicle at the

[[Page 955]]

conditions specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this section.
    (2) Follow the sampling and exhaust measurement requirements of 
Sec. 86.340-79(e). The idle sample shall be taken for 60 seconds 
minimum, and no more than 64 seconds. The chart reading procedures of 
Sec. 86.343-79 shall be used to determine the analyzer response.
    (g) If the engine or vehicle stalls at any time during the test run, 
the test is void.

[48 FR 52252, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 60 FR 34377, June 30, 1995]



Sec. 86.1540-84  Idle exhaust sample analysis.

    (a) Record the CO idle concentrations in percent.
    (b) If the CVS sampling system is used, the analysis procedures for 
dilute CO and CO2 specified in Sec. 86.1340-84 apply. Follow 
the raw CO2 analysis procedure specified in Sec. 86.343-79 
for the raw CO2 analyzer.
    (c) If the continuous raw exhaust sampling technique (Sec. 86.309-
79) is used, the analysis procedures for CO specified in Sec. 86.343-79 
apply.



Sec. 86.1542-84  Information required.

    (a) General data--heavy-duty engines. Information shall be recorded 
for each idle emission test as specified in Sec. 86.1344-84 (b), (c), 
and (d). The following test data is required:
    (1) Date and time of day.
    (2) Test number.
    (3) Engine intake air or test cell temperature.
    (4) Barometric pressure.
    Note: A central laboratory barometer may be used: Provided, That 
individual test cell barometric pressures are shown to be within 
plus-minus0.1 percent of the barometric pressure at the 
central barometer location.
    (5) Engine intake or test cell and CVS dilution air humidity.
    (6) Curb idle speed during the test.
    (7) Idle exhaust CO concentration (dry basis).
    (8) Idle exhaust raw CO2 concentration (if applicable).
    (9) Dilute bag sample CO and CO2 concentrations (if 
applicable).
    (10) Total CVS flow rate with calculated dilution factor for the 
idle mode (if applicable).
    (b) General data--light-duty trucks. The following information shall 
be recorded with respect to each test:
    (1) Test number.
    (2) System or device tested (brief description).
    (3) Date and time of day for the test.
    (4) Instrument operated.
    (5) Vehicle: ID number, manufacturer, model year, standards, engine 
family, evaporative emissions family, basic engine description 
(including displacement, number of cylinders, turbocharger used and 
catalyst usage), fuel system (including number of carburetors, number of 
carburetor barrels, fuel injection type and fuel tank(s) capacity and 
location), engine code, gross vehicle weight rating, inertia weight 
class and transmission configuration, as applicable.
    (6) All pertinent instrument information such as tuning, gain, 
serial number, detector number and range. As an alternative a reference 
to a vehicle test cell number may be used, with the advance approval of 
the Administrator, provided test cell calibration records show the 
pertinent instrument information.
    (7) Recorder charts or computer printouts: Identify zero, span, 
exhaust gas and dilution air sample traces or computer readings (if 
applicable).
    (8) Test cell ambient temperature and, if applicable, barometric 
pressure and humidity.
    Note: A central laboratory barometer may be used: Provided, That 
individual test cell barometric pressures are shown to be within + 0.1 
percent of the barometric pressure at the central barometer location.
    (9) Pressure of the mixture of exhaust and dilution air entering the 
CVS metering device (or pressure drop across the CFV), the pressure 
increase across the device, and the temperature at the inlet (if 
applicable). The temperature may be recorded continuously or digitally 
to determine temperature variations (if applicable).
    (10) The number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump 
accumulated while exhaust samples are being collected (if applicable). 
The number of standard cubic feet metered by a critical flow venturi 
would be the equivalent record for a CFV (if applicable).
    (11) The humidity of the dilution air.

[[Page 956]]

    Note: If conditioning columns are not used (see Secs. 86.122 and 
86.144) this measurement can be deleted. If the conditioning columns are 
used and the dilution air is taken from the test cell, the ambient 
humidity can be used for this measurement.
    (12) Curb idle engine speed during the test.
    (13) Idle exhaust CO concentration (dry basis).
    (14) Idle exhaust raw CO2 concentration (if applicable).
    (15) Dilute bag sample CO and CO2 concentrations (if 
applicable).
    (16) Total CVS flow rate with calculated dilution factor for the 
idle mode (if applicable).

[48 FR 52252, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984]



Sec. 86.1544-84  Calculation; idle exhaust emissions.

    (a) The final idle emission test results shall be reported as 
percent for carbon monoxide on a dry basis.
    (b) If a CVS sampling system is used, the following procedure shall 
apply:
    (1) Use the procedures, as applicable, in Sec. 86.1342-84 to 
determine the dilute wet-basis CO and CO2 in percent.
    (2) Use the procedure, as applicable, in Sec. 86.345-79 to determine 
the raw dry-basis CO2 in percent.
    (3) Convert the raw dry-basis CO2 to raw wet-basis. An 
assumption that the percent of water by volume in the raw sample is 
equal to the percent of raw dry-basis CO2 minus 0.5 percent 
is acceptable. For example:

10.0% dry CO2-0.5%=9.5% water
(1.00-0.095) (10.0% dry CO2)=9.05% wet CO2

    (4) Calculate the CVS dilution factor (DF) by:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.138
    
    (5) Convert the dilute wet-basis CO to dilute dry-basis values. An 
assumption that the percent of water by volume in the sample bag is 2 
percent is acceptable. For example:

Dilute dry CO=(dilute wet CO)/(1.00-0.02)

    (6) Calculate the raw dry-basis CO values by:

Raw dry CO=(DF) (dilute dry CO)

    (c) If the raw exhaust sampling and analysis system specified in 
Sec. 86.309-79 is used, the percent for carbon monoxide on a dry basis 
shall be calculated using the procedure, as applicable, in Sec. 86.345-
79.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[48 FR 52252, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984; 
50 FR 10708, Mar. 15, 1985; 51 FR 24613, July 7, 1986]



Subpart Q--Regulations for Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and 
                    In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines

    Authority: Secs. 215 and 301, Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 
7550 and 7601).

    Source: 45 FR 66956, Oct. 8, 1980, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1601  General applicability.

    This subpart applies to manufacturers of motor vehicles and motor 
vehicle engines (hereafter referred to as vehicles) which are subject to 
the requirements of title II of the Clean Air Act. This subpart applies 
to the following vehicles:
    (a) 1968 and later model year light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks.
    (b) 1970 and later model year heavy-duty engines built after 
December 31, 1969.
    (c) 1978 and later model year motorcycles built after December 31, 
1977.
    (d) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks under the provisions of subpart S of this 
part.

[45 FR 66956, Oct. 8, 1980, as amended at 64 FR 23923, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1602  Definitions.

    The definitions provided in subpart A also apply in this subpart. 
Additional definitions that apply in this subpart are as follow:
    Altitude performance adjustments are adjustments or modifications 
made to vehicle, engine, or emission control functions in order to 
improve emission control performance at altitudes other

[[Page 957]]

than those for which the vehicles were designed.
    Low altitude means any elevation less than or equal to 1,219 meters 
(4,000 feet).
    Manufacturer parts are parts produced or sold by the manufacturer of 
the motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine.



Sec. 86.1603  General requirements.

    (a) Manufacturers of vehicles specified in Sec. 86.1601 shall submit 
to the Administrator for approval the following altitude performance 
adjustment instructions.
    (1) Low-altitude adjustment instructions for vehicles certified to 
meet the appropriate high-altitude emission standards.
    (2) High-altitude adjustment instructions for vehicles certified to 
meet the appropriate low-altitude emission standards.
    (b) Manufacturers are not required to submit altitude adjustment 
instructions for vehicles equipped with systems or devices that 
compensate (in full or in part) the engine fuel metering system for air 
density changes. Manufacturers claiming this exemption must submit to 
the Administrator for approval a notification of the claim specifying 
the affected vehicles. The notification must also describe the 
compensating system used.
    (c) Manufacturers may request the Administrator to waive the 
application of this regulation for vehicles which potentially may never 
be operated at an altitude other than that for which they were designed 
(such as vehicles which are not offered for sale within the continental 
United States).
    (d) Manufacturers shall meet the requirements of paragraph (a), 
according to the following schedule:
    (1) Altitude adjustment instructions for all 1980 and earlier model 
year vehicles or engines shall be submitted to the Administrator within 
one (1) year of the effective date of this regulation.
    (2) Altitude adjustment instructions for 1982 and later model year 
vehicles or engines shall be submitted to the Administrator within 30 
days of the issuance of the certificate of conformity for those vehicles 
or engines. For vehicles or engines certified for the 1981 model year 
before the publication of this regulation, altitude adjustment 
instructions shall be submitted within 90 days of the publication of 
this regulation.
    (e) Failure to submit altitude performance adjustment instructions 
in accordance with this section is a violation of section 203(a)(3) of 
the Clean Air Act and may result in penalties as specified in section 
205 of the Clean Air Act. The Administrator may grant extensions of the 
schedule in paragraph (c) if the manufacturer submits a written request 
to the Administrator specifying the reasons for the need for the 
extension. Requests for an extension must be received by EPA at least 5 
working days prior to the submittal date contained in paragraph (d).
    (f) The adjustment instructions (including labels) that the 
Administrator approves under this subpart shall be made available by the 
manufacturer at no cost to service outlets and the general public. EPA 
encourages manufacturers to notify vehicle owners in high-altitude areas 
of the availability of high-altitude adjustments.
    (g) If altitude adjustments are performed according to the 
instructions approved by the Administrator, they will not be treated as 
violations of the tampering provisions of section 203(a) of the Act 
except as described below:



Sec. 86.1604  Conditions for disapproval.

    (a) The Administrator shall not approve altitude performance 
adjustments that will:
    (1) Cause any regulated pollutant emission level to increase if the 
emission level exceeded the appropriate emission standard before 
adjustment was made.
    (2) Cause any regulated pollutant emission level to exceed the 
appropriate emission standard if the emission level did not exceed the 
emission standard before the adjustment was made.
    (3) For light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, heavy-
duty gasoline-fueled engines, cause any reduction of vehicle performance 
(as evaluated by the manufacturer) such that vehicle drivers will likely 
complain.
    (4) Be of such technical complexity or require such complex, 
expensive, or exclusive equipment that a competent

[[Page 958]]

mechanic in an average service establishment cannot perform the 
adjustments correctly. Adjustment procedures should not require 
knowledge or training beyond that required to perform normal engine 
maintenance. All required equipment must be available to any service 
establishment at competitive cost.
    (5) Require the use of manufacturer parts, unless they are necessary 
to ensure emission control performance and unless the Administrator 
grants a waiver under section 207(c)(3)(B) of the Act.
    (6) Removes or defeats the parameter adjustment controls for the 
parameters listed in Secs. 86.081-22(e)(1)(i) and 86.082-22(e)(1)(i) for 
light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, and Sec. 86.428-80(d) for 
motorcycles unless:
    (i) The manufacturer determines that it is reasonable to restore the 
parameter adjustment control in use and provides appropriate instruction 
as part of the high-altitude performance adjustment instructions, or
    (ii) The manufacturer determines that is is not reasonable to 
restore the parameter adjustment control in use and alternatively 
includes on the label required in Sec. 86.1606 a statement to the effect 
that the labeled vehicle can be adjusted but that adjustment to other 
than manufacturer specification may be considered violation of Federal 
law.
    (b) If the Administrator determines that the altitude performance 
adjustment instructions cannot be approved, the Administrator shall 
notify the manufacturer in writing of the disapproval. This notification 
shall explain the reasons for the disapproval.
    (1) Within 20 working days of the date of a notification of 
disapproval, the manufacturer may file a written appeal to the 
Administrator. The Administrator may allow additional oral or written 
testimony prior to rendering a final decision.
    (2) If the manufacturer files no appeal with the Administrator, the 
disapproval becomes final.
    (3) Within 30 days following the Administrator's final decision of 
disapproval, the manufacturer must submit new altitude performance 
adjustment instructions applying to all of the vehicles for which the 
disapproved instructions applied. If these new instructions are not 
submitted within 30 days, EPA may take action under sections 203(a)(3) 
and 205 of the Act. If the new altitude performance adjustment 
instructions are disapproved by the Administrator, the manufacturer may 
follow the appeal procedures under paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this 
section.
    (c) If the Administrator makes a final decision to disapprove the 
new instructions, EPA may take action under sections 203(a)(3) and 205 
of the Act.



Sec. 86.1605  Information to be submitted.

    (a) Manufacturers shall submit to the Administrator the text of the 
altitude performance adjustment instructions to be provided to vehicle 
owners and service establishments. Each set of altitude performance 
adjustment instructions must set forth the adjustment procedure 
(including the installation of the label required by Sec. 86.1606) to be 
followed and identify the vehicles for which the instructions are 
applicable. At a minimum, each set of instructions shall identify the 
vehicle applicability by manufacturer, car line, model year, engine 
displacement, engine family, and exhaust emission control systems. 
Manufacturers may specify vehicle applicability in greater detail if 
necessary, but such specifications must be identifiable to the public 
and the service industry through vehicle marking or codes.
    (b) The manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator the following 
information about the adjustments:
    (1) Specifications of changes in calibrations of any component, 
including the original and new calibration values or curves;
    (2) Descriptions of component additions, including a full 
description of the new components along with the configurations (sketch 
or drawing), calibration values, and part numbers;
    (3) Descriptions of component replacements, including all items in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, for the new parts. Also, a description 
of the differences between the original component and the new component 
with respect to design, calibration, and function;
    (4) Descriptions of any special tools necessary to perform the 
adjustments.

[[Page 959]]

    (c) The manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator the following 
evaluations of the adjustments:
    (1) A statement that the conditions of Sec. 86.1604 (a) (1) and (2) 
are not caused by the adjustment, and supporting information for this 
statement consisting of technical evaluations (consistent with good 
engineering practice) or emission test data.
    (2) A statement that vehicle performance is generally unchanged or 
improved as result of the adjustments, and supporting information for 
this statement consisting of technical evaluations or driver 
evaluations.
    (3) Information that shows compliance with section 202(a)(4)(A) of 
the Act (which prohibits vehicles from causing unreasonable risks to 
public health, welfare, and safety).
    (d) The manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator for approval 
a copy or sample of the label required by Sec. 86.1606 and a copy of the 
instructions for installation of the label.



Sec. 86.1606  Labeling.

    (a) The manufacturer shall make available to the public as part of 
the altitude performance adjustment instructions the labels described in 
this section. Instructions for installing the labels according to the 
requirements of this section shall be provided with each label.
    (b) The label installation instructions shall indicate the following 
information.
    (1) For light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty 
engines, the label should be affixed in a readily visible position in 
the engine compartment and beside (to the extent possible) the existing 
label which is required under Sec. 86.079-35.
    (2) For motorcycles, the label should be affixed in a readily 
accessible position and beside (to the extent possible) the existing 
label which is required under Sec. 86.413-78(a)(1).
    (3) The instructions shall also indicate that the label should not 
be affixed to any equipment that can be easily detached from the 
vehicle.
    (c) The label must be constructed such that if installed properly, 
it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the label.
    (d) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which must be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (1) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information Update;
    (2) Full corporate name and trademark of the vehicle manufactuer;
    (3) The statement: ``This vehicle has been (adjusted) (modified) to 
improve emission control performance when operated at (high) (low) 
altitude'';
    (4) Information on where altitude performance adjustment 
instructions may be obtained or include the actual altitude performance 
adjustment instructions;
    (5) The new tuneup specifications (if changed from the original 
label specifications) at the applicable altitude.



 Subpart R--General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission 
      Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks

    Source: 62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1701-99  General applicability.

    (a) The provisions of this subpart may be adopted by vehicle 
manufacturers pursuant to the provisions specified in Sec. 86.1705. The 
provisions of this subpart are generally applicable to 1999 and later 
model year light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks to be sold in 
the Northeast Trading Region, and 2001 and later model year light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks to be sold in the United States. In 
cases where a provision applies only to certain vehicles based on model 
year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, vehicle emission category, 
intended sales destination, or other distinguishing characteristics, 
such limited applicability is cited in the appropriate section or 
paragraph. The provisions of this subpart shall be referred to as the 
``National Low Emission Vehicle Program'' or ``National LEV'' or 
``NLEV.''
    (b) All requirements of 40 CFR parts 85 and 86, unless specifically 
superseded

[[Page 960]]

by the provisions of this subpart, shall apply to vehicles under the 
National LEV Program. Compliance with the provisions of this subpart 
will be deemed compliance with some of the requirements of 40 CFR parts 
85 and 86, as set forth elsewhere in this subpart.
    (c) The requirements of this subpart apply to new vehicles 
manufactured by covered manufacturers through model year 2003. In 
addition, the requirements of this subpart apply to new vehicles 
manufactured by covered manufacturers for model years prior to the first 
model year for which a mandatory federal exhaust emissions program for 
light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks is at least as stringent 
as the National LEV program with respect to NMOG, NOX, and CO 
exhaust emissions, as determined by the Administrator, provided that 
such a program is promulgated no later than December 15, 2000, and is 
effective no later than model year 2006.
    (d) Adoption of the National LEV program does not impose gasoline or 
other in-use fuel requirements and is not intended to require any new 
federal or state regulation of fuels. Vehicles under National LEV will 
be able to operate on any fuels, including conventional gasoline, that, 
in the absence of the National LEV program, could be sold under federal 
or state law.
    (e) References in this subpart to engine families and emission 
control systems shall be deemed to refer to durability groups and test 
groups as applicable for manufacturers certifying new light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks under the provisions of subpart S of this 
part.
    (f) The provisions of this subpart are not applicable to 2004 or 
later model year vehicles, except where specific references to 
provisions of this subpart are made in conjunction with provisions 
applicable to such vehicles.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 966, Jan. 
7, 1998; 64 FR 23923, May 4, 1999; 65 FR 6851, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1702-99  Definitions.

    (a) The definitions in subpart A of this part apply to this subpart, 
except where the same term is defined differently in paragraph (b) of 
this section.
    (b) The following definitions shall apply to this subpart:
    Advanced technology vehicle (ATV) means any light-duty vehicle or 
light light-duty truck that is covered by a federal certificate of 
conformity or an Executive Order, as defined in Sec. 86.1002, which is 
either:
    (1) A dual fuel, flexible fuel, or dedicated alternatively fueled 
vehicle certified as a TLEV or more stringent when operated on the 
alternative fuel;
    (2) A ULEV or Inherently Low-Emission Vehicle (ILEV), as defined in 
40 CFR 88.302, either conventionally or alternatively fueled;
    (3) An HEV or ZEV.
    Alcohol fuel means either methanol or ethanol as those terms are 
defined in this subpart.
    All-electric range test means a test sequence used to determine the 
range of an electric vehicle or of a hybrid electric vehicle without the 
use of its auxiliary power unit. The All-Electric Range Test cycle is 
defined in Sec. 86.1770.
    All States Trading Region (ASTR) means the region comprised of all 
states except the OTC States that have not opted into National LEV 
pursuant to the opt-in provisions at Sec. 86.1705 or that have opted out 
of National LEV and whose opt-outs have become effective, as provided at 
Sec. 86.1707; California; and any state outside the OTR with a Section 
177 Program in effect that does not allow National LEV as a compliance 
alternative.
    Averaging sets are the categories of LDVs and LDTs for which the 
manufacturer calculates a fleet average NMOG value. The four averaging 
sets for fleet average NMOG value calculation purposes are:
    (1) Class A delivered to a point of first sale in the Northeast 
Trading Region;
    (2) Class A delivered to a point of first sale in the All States 
Trading Region;
    (3) Class B delivered to a point of first sale in the Northeast 
Trading Region;
    (4) Class B delivered to a point of first sale in the All States 
Trading Region.
    Axle ratio means the number of times the input shaft to the 
differential (or

[[Page 961]]

equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels.
    Battery pack means any electrical energy storage device consisting 
of any number of individual battery modules which is used to propel 
electric or hybrid electric vehicles.
    Certification level means the official exhaust emission result from 
an emission-data vehicle which has been adjusted by the applicable mass 
deterioration factor and is submitted to the Administrator for use in 
determining compliance with an emission standard for the purpose of 
certifying a particular engine family. For those engine families which 
are certified using reactivity adjustment factors developed by the 
manufacturer pursuant to appendix XVII of this part, the exhaust NMOG 
certification level shall include adjustment by the ozone deterioration 
factor.
    Class A comprises LDVs and LDTs 0-3750 lbs LVW that are subject to 
the provisions of this subpart.
    Class B comprises LDTs 3751-5750 lbs LVW that are subject to the 
provisions of this subpart.
    Continually regenerating trap oxidizer system means a trap oxidizer 
system that does not utilize an automated regeneration mode during 
normal driving conditions for cleaning the trap.
    Conventional gasoline means any certification gasoline which meets 
the specifications of Sec. 86.113(a). The ozone-forming potential of 
conventional gasoline vehicle emissions shall be determined by using the 
methods and gasoline specifications contained in appendix XVII of this 
part.
    Core Stable Standards means the standards and other requirements 
listed in Sec. 86.1707(d)(9)(i) (A) through (F).
    Covered state means a state that meets the conditions specified 
under Sec. 86.1705(d).
    Covered vehicle or engine means a vehicle specified in 
Sec. 86.1701(a), or an engine in such a vehicle, that is manufactured by 
a covered manufacturer.
    Credits means fleet average NMOG credits as calculated from the 
amount that the manufacturer's applicable fleet average NMOG value is 
below the applicable fleet average NMOG standard, times the applicable 
production for a given model year. NMOG credits have units of g/mi.
    Debits means fleet average NMOG debits as calculated from the amount 
that the manufacturer's applicable fleet average NMOG value is above the 
applicable fleet average NMOG standard, times the applicable production 
for a given model year. NMOG debits have units of g/mi.
    Dedicated ethanol vehicle means any ethanol-fueled motor vehicle 
that is engineered and designed to be operated solely on ethanol.
    Dedicated methanol vehicle means any methanol-fueled motor vehicle 
that is engineered and designed to be operated solely on methanol.
    Diesel engine means any engine powered with diesel fuel, gaseous 
fuel, or alcohol fuel for which diesel engine speed/torque 
characteristics and vehicle applications are retained.
    Electric vehicle means any vehicle which operates solely by use of a 
battery or battery pack. This definition also includes vehicles which 
are powered mainly through the use of an electric battery or battery 
pack, but which use a flywheel that stores energy produced by the 
electric motor or through regenerative braking to assist in vehicle 
operation.
    Element of design means any control system (i.e., computer software, 
electronic control system, emission control system, computer logic), 
and/or control system calibrations and/or the results of systems 
interaction, and/or hardware items on a motor vehicle or motor vehicle 
engine.
    Ethanol means any fuel for motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines 
that is composed of either commercially available or chemically pure 
ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and gasoline as specified in 
Sec. 86.1771 (Fuel Specifications). The required fuel blend is based on 
the type of ethanol-fueled vehicle being certified and the particular 
aspect of the certification procedure being conducted.
    Ethanol vehicle means any motor vehicle that is engineered and 
designed to be operated using ethanol as a fuel.
    Executive Officer of the California Air Resources Board (ARB), as 
used in the referenced materials listed in Sec. 86.1 and appendix XIII 
of this part, means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency (EPA).

[[Page 962]]

    Existing ZEV Mandate means any state regulation or other law that 
imposes (or purports to impose) obligations on auto manufacturers to 
produce, deliver for sale, or sell a certain number or percentage of 
ZEVs and that was adopted prior to December 16, 1997.
    Fleet average NMOG value is the fleet average NMOG value calculated 
for a particular averaging set, based upon the applicable production for 
that averaging set.
    49 states is the region comprised of the United States excluding 
California.
    Fuel-fired heater means a fuel burning device which creates heat for 
the purpose of warming the passenger compartment of a vehicle but does 
not contribute to the propulsion of the vehicle.
    Gaseous fuels means liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, 
or liquefied natural gas fuels for use in motor vehicles.
    Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) means any vehicle which is included in 
the definition of a ``series hybrid electric vehicle,'' a ``parallel 
hybrid electric vehicle,'' or a ``battery assisted combustion engine 
vehicle.''
    Low emission vehicle (LEV) means any vehicle certified to the low 
emission vehicle standards specified in this subpart.
    Low volume manufacturer, for a particular model year, means any 
vehicle manufacturer that: Is considered a ``small volume manufacturer'' 
by the State of California according to the State of California 
regulatory definition of ``small volume manufacturer'', contained in the 
California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low 
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), which is incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1); and has nationwide sales of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks less than or equal to 40,000 units 
per model year based on the average number of vehicles sold by the 
manufacturer for each of the three most recent model years. For 
manufacturers certifying for the first time, model-year sales shall be 
based on projected sales.
    Methane reactivity adjustment factor means a factor applied to the 
mass of methane emissions from natural gas fueled vehicles for the 
purpose of determining the gasoline equivalent ozone-forming potential 
of the methane emissions.
    Methanol means any fuel for motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines 
that is composed of either commercially available or chemically pure 
methanol (CH3OH) and gasoline as specified in Sec. 86.1771 
(Fuel Specifications). The required fuel blend is based on the type of 
methanol-fueled vehicle being certified and the particular aspect of the 
certification procedure being conducted.
    Methanol vehicle means any motor vehicle that is engineered and 
designed to be operated using methanol as a fuel.
    Natural gas means either compressed natural gas or liquefied natural 
gas.
    Natural gas vehicle means any motor vehicle that is engineered and 
designed to be operated using either compressed natural gas or liquefied 
natural gas.
    Non-Core Stable Standards means the standards and other requirements 
listed in Sec. 86.1707(d)(9)(i) (G) through (L).
    Non-methane organic gases (NMOG) means the sum of oxygenated and 
non-oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in a gas sample as measured in 
accordance with Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996). 
These requirements are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    Non-regeneration emission test means a complete emission test which 
does not include a regeneration.
    Northeast Trading Region (NTR) means the region comprised of the 
states that meet the conditions specified under Sec. 86.1705(d).
    Organic material non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent (or OMNMHCE) for 
methanol-fueled vehicles means the sum of the carbon mass contribution 
of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons (excluding methane), methanol, and 
formaldehyde as contained in a gas sample, expressed as gasoline-fueled 
hydrocarbons. For ethanol-fueled vehicles, organic material non-methane 
hydrocarbon equivalent (OMNMHCE) means the sum of carbon mass 
contribution of

[[Page 963]]

non-oxygenated hydrocarbons (excluding methane), methanol, ethanol, 
formaldehyde and acetaldehyde as contained in a gas sample, expressed as 
gasoline-fueled hydrocarbons.
    Ozone deterioration factor means a factor applied to the mass of 
NMOG emissions from TLEVs, LEVs, or ULEVs which accounts for changes in 
the ozone-forming potential of the NMOG emissions from a vehicle as it 
accumulates mileage.
    Ozone Transport Commission States or OTC States means the States of 
Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Virginia, 
and the District of Columbia.
    Parallel hybrid electric vehicle means any vehicle which allows 
power to be delivered to the driven wheels by either a combustion engine 
and/or by a battery powered electric motor.
    Periodically regenerating trap oxidizer system means a trap oxidizer 
system that utilizes, during normal driving conditions for cleaning the 
trap, an automated regeneration mode which can be easily detected.
    Point of first sale is the location where the completed light-duty 
vehicle or light-duty truck is purchased, also known as the final 
product purchase location. The point of first sale may be a retail 
customer, dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, secondary 
manufacturer, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale. In cases where the end user purchases the completed vehicle 
directly from the manufacturer, the end user is the point of first sale.
    Production is the number of vehicles and/or trucks that a 
manufacturer produces in a given model year that are subject to the 
provisions of this subpart and are included in the same averaging set.
    Reactivity adjustment factor means a fraction applied to the mass of 
NMOG emission from a vehicle powered by a fuel other than conventional 
gasoline for the purpose of determining a gasoline-equivalent NMOG 
emission value. The reactivity adjustment factor is defined as the 
ozone-forming potential of the exhaust from a vehicle powered by a fuel 
other than conventional gasoline divided by the ozone-forming potential 
of conventional gasoline vehicle exhaust.
    Regeneration means the process of oxidizing accumulated particulate 
matter. It may occur continually or periodically.
    Regeneration emission test means a complete emission test which 
includes a regeneration.
    Regeneration interval means the interval from the start of a 
regeneration to the start of the next regeneration.
    Section 177 Program means State regulations or other laws, except 
ZEV Mandates, that apply to any of the following categories of motor 
vehicles: Passenger cars, light-duty trucks up through 6,000 pounds 
GVWR, and medium-duty vehicles from 6,001 to 14,000 pounds GVWR if 
designed to operate on gasoline, as these categories of motor vehicles 
are defined in the California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, 
Chapter 1, Article 1, Section 1900.
    Series hybrid electric vehicle means any vehicle which allows power 
to be delivered to the driven wheels solely by a battery powered 
electric motor, but which also incorporates the use of a combustion 
engine to provide power to the battery and/or electric motor.
    37 States is the trading region comprised of the United States 
excluding California and the Northeast Trading Region.
    Transitional low emission vehicle (TLEV) means any vehicle certified 
to the transitional low emission vehicle standards specified in this 
subpart.
    Trap oxidizer system means an emission control system which consists 
of a trap to collect particulate matter and a mechanism to oxidize the 
accumulated particulate.
    Type A hybrid electric vehicle means an HEV which achieves a minimum 
range of 60 miles over the All-Electric Range Test as defined in 
Sec. 86.1770.
    Type B hybrid electric vehicle means an HEV which achieves a range 
of 40-59 miles over the All-Electric Range Test as defined in 
Sec. 86.1770.
    Type C hybrid electric vehicle means an HEV which achieves a range 
of 0-39 miles over the All-Electric Range test and all other HEVs 
excluding ``Type A'' and ``Type B'' HEVs as defined in Sec. 86.1770.

[[Page 964]]

    Ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) means any vehicle certified to the 
ultra-low emission vehicle standards specified in this subpart.
    Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) means any vehicle which is certified to 
produce zero emissions of any criteria pollutants under any and all 
possible operational modes and conditions. Incorporation of a fuel fired 
heater shall not preclude a vehicle from being certified as a ZEV 
provided the fuel fired heater cannot be operated at ambient 
temperatures above 40 degrees Fahrenheit and the heater is demonstrated 
to have zero evaporative emissions under any and all possible 
operational modes and conditions.
    ZEV Mandate means any state regulation or other law that imposes (or 
purports to impose) obligations on auto manufacturers to produce, 
deliver for sale, or sell a certain number or percentage of ZEVs.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 966, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1703-99  Abbreviations.

    (a) The abbreviations in subpart A of this part apply to this 
subpart.
    (b) In addition, the following abbreviations shall apply to this 
subpart:

ASTR--All States Trading Region
HEV--hybrid electric vehicle.
LEV--low emission vehicle.
NMOG--non-methane organic gases.
NTR--Northeast Trading Region.
OTC--Ozone Transport Commission
TLEV--transitional low emission vehicle.
ULEV--ultra low emission vehicle.
ZEV--zero emission vehicle.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 967, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1704-99  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the last 
two digits of the six-digit group of the section number. A section 
remains in effect for subsequent model years until it is superseded.
    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix shall be 
interpreted to be a reference to the section applicable to the 
appropriate model year.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 967, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1705-99  General provisions; opt-in.

    (a) Covered manufacturers. Covered manufacturers must comply with 
the provisions in this subpart, and in addition, must comply with the 
requirements of 40 CFR parts 85 and 86. A manufacturer shall be a 
covered manufacturer if:
    (1) The manufacturer (or, in the case of joint ventures or similar 
cooperative arrangements between two or more manufacturers, the 
participating manufacturers) has opted into the program pursuant to 
paragraph (c) of this section;
    (2) Where a manufacturer has included a condition on opt-in provided 
for in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, that condition has been 
satisfied; and
    (3) The manufacturer has not opted out, pursuant to Sec. 86.1707, or 
the manufacturer has opted out but that opt-out has not become effective 
under Sec. 86.1707.
    (b) Covered manufacturers must comply with the standards and 
requirements specified in this subpart beginning in model year 1999. A 
manufacturer not listed in Sec. 86.1706(c) that opts into the program 
after EPA issues a finding pursuant to Sec. 86.1706(b) that the program 
is in effect must comply with the standards and requirements of this 
subpart beginning in the model year named for the calendar year after 
the calendar year in which EPA receives the manufacturer's opt-in. 
Light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks sold by covered 
manufacturers must comply with the provisions of this subpart.
    (c) Manufacturer opt-ins. (1) To opt into the National LEV program, 
a motor vehicle manufacturer must submit a written opt-in notification 
to the Administrator signed by a person or entity within the corporation 
or business with authority to bind the corporation or business to its 
election and holding the position of vice president for environmental 
affairs or a position of comparable or greater authority. The 
manufacturer shall send a copy of this notification to : Director, 
Vehicles Programs and Compliance Division; U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency; 2565 Plymouth Road; Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105. The notification 
must unambiguously and unconditionally (apart from the permissible 
conditions

[[Page 965]]

specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section) indicate the 
manufacturer's agreement to opt into the program and be subject to the 
provisions in this subpart, and include the following language:

    XX COMPANY, its subsidiaries, successors and assigns hereby opts 
into the voluntary National LEV program, as set forth in 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart R, and agrees to be legally bound by all of the standards, 
requirements and other provisions of the National LEV program. XX 
COMPANY commits not to challenge EPA's authority to establish or enforce 
the National LEV program, and commits not to seek to certify any vehicle 
except in compliance with the regulations in subpart R.

    (2) The opt-in notification may indicate that the manufacturer opts 
into the program subject to either or both of the following conditions:
    (i) That the Administrator finds under Sec. 86.1706 that the 
National LEV program is in effect, to be indicated with the following 
language:

    This opt-in is subject to the condition that the Administrator make 
a finding pursuant to 40 CFR 86.1706 that the National LEV program is in 
effect.

    (ii) That certain states (limited to the OTC States) and/or motor 
vehicle manufacturers opt into National LEV pursuant to Sec. 86.1705, to 
be indicated with the following language (language in brackets indicates 
that either or both formulations are acceptable):

    This opt-in is subject to the condition that [each of the states of 
[list state names]/[and] each of the following manufacturers [list 
manufacturer names]] opt into National LEV pursuant to 40 CFR 86.1705.

    (3) A manufacturer shall be considered to have opted in upon the 
Administrator's receipt of the opt-in notification and satisfaction of 
the conditions set forth in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, if 
applicable.
    (d) Covered states. An OTC State shall be a covered state if:
    (1) The state has opted into National LEV pursuant to paragraph (e) 
of this section;
    (2) Where a state has included a condition on opt-in provided for in 
paragraph (e)(3)(viii) of this section, that condition has been 
satisfied; and
    (3) The state has not opted out, pursuant to Sec. 86.1707, or the 
state has opted out but that opt-out has not become effective under 
Sec. 86.1707.
    (e) OTC State opt-ins. To opt into the National LEV program, a state 
must submit an opt-in notification to the Administrator, with a copy to 
Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division; U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency; 2565 Plymouth Road; Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105. The 
notification must contain the following or substantively identical 
language:
    (1)(i) An Executive Order signed by the governor of the state (or 
the mayor of the District of Columbia) that unambiguously and 
unconditionally (apart from the permissible conditions set forth in this 
section) indicates the state's agreement to opt into the National LEV 
program and includes the following language (language in brackets 
indicates that either formulation is acceptable):

    This Executive Order [commits STATE to/opts STATE into] the National 
Low Emission Vehicle (National LEV) program, in accordance with the EPA 
National LEV program regulations at 40 CFR part 86, subpart R.
    I hereby direct HEAD OF APPROPRIATE STATE AGENCY to forward to EPA 
with my concurrence the [enclosed letter signed/enclosed letter and 
proposed regulations signed and proposed] by the HEAD OF APPROPRIATE 
STATE AGENCY, which [specifies/specify] the details of STATE's 
commitment to the National LEV program.
    I hereby direct APPROPRIATE STATE AGENCY to follow the procedures 
prescribed
by the general statutes of STATE to take the necessary steps to adopt 
regulations and submit a state implementation plan (SIP) revision 
committing STATE to National LEV in accordance with the EPA National LEV 
program regulations on SIP revisions at 40 CFR part 86, subpart R, and 
with section 110 of the Clean Air Act and its implementing regulations 
at 40 CFR parts 51 and 52.

    (ii) States with Existing ZEV Mandates may add language to the 
Executive Order submitted pursuant to this paragraph (e)(1) confirming 
that this opt-in will not affect the state's requirements pertaining to 
ZEVs.
    (2)(i) If a state does not submit an Executive Order pursuant to 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section, a letter signed by the governor of the 
state (or the mayor of the District of Columbia) that unambiguously and 
unconditionally (apart from the permissible conditions set

[[Page 966]]

forth in this section) indicates the state's agreement to opt into the 
National LEV program and includes the following language (language in 
brackets indicates that either formulation is acceptable):

    This submittal is made in accordance with the EPA National Low 
Emission Vehicle (National LEV) regulations at 40 CFR part 86, subpart R 
to [commit STATE to/opt STATE into] the National LEV program.
    [I am forwarding to EPA the [enclosed letter signed enclosed letter 
and proposed regulations which were signed and proposed] by HEAD OF 
APPROPRIATE STATE AGENCY at my direction, and which [specifies/specify] 
the details of STATE's commitment to the National LEV program. I am 
forwarding to EPA and concur with the [enclosed letter signed/enclosed 
letter and proposed regulations signed and proposed] by HEAD OF 
APPROPRIATE STATE AGENCY, which [specifies/specify] the details of 
STATE's commitment to the National LEV program.]
    I [hereby direct/have directed] APPROPRIATE STATE AGENCY to follow 
the procedures prescribed by the general statutes of STATE to take the 
necessary steps to adopt regulations and submit a state implementation 
plan (SIP) revision committing STATE to National LEV in accordance with 
the EPA National LEV regulations on SIP revisions at 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart R, and with section 110 of the Clean Air Act and its 
implementing regulations at 40 CFR parts 51 and 52.

    (ii) States with Existing ZEV Mandates may add language to the 
letter submitted pursuant to this paragraph (e)(2) confirming that this 
opt-in will not affect the state's requirements pertaining to ZEVs.
    (3) A letter signed by the head of the appropriate state agency that 
would unconditionally (except as set forth in this section) include the 
following:
    (i) States without a Section 177 Program, or with a Section 177 
Program but not an Existing ZEV Mandate, shall include the following 
language:

    National LEV is designed as a compliance alternative for OTC State 
programs adopted pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air Act that apply 
to passenger cars, light-duty trucks up through 6,000 pounds GVWR, and/
or medium-duty vehicles from 6,001 to 14,000 pounds GVWR if designed to 
operate on gasoline, as these categories of motor vehicles are defined 
in the California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 1, 
Article 1, Section 1900. For the duration of STATE's participation in 
National LEV, [STATE will allow manufacturers to / manufacturers may] 
comply with National LEV or equally stringent mandatory Federal 
standards in lieu of compliance with any program adopted by STATE 
pursuant to the authority provided in section 177 of the Clean Air Act 
applicable to the vehicle classes specified above, including any ZEV 
mandates. STATE's participation in National LEV extends until model year 
2006, except as provided in 40 CFR 86.1707. If, no later than December 
15, 2000, the US EPA does not adopt standards at least as stringent as 
the National LEV standards provided in 40 CFR part 86 subpart R that 
apply to new motor vehicles in model year 2004, 2005 or 2006, STATE's 
participation in National LEV extends only until model year 2004, except 
as provided in 40 CFR 86.1707.
    For the duration of STATE's participation in National LEV, STATE 
[intends to/will] forbear from adopting and implementing a ZEV mandate 
effective before model year 2006.

    (ii) States with a Section 177 Program and an Existing ZEV Mandate, 
shall include the following language:

    National LEV is designed as a compliance alternative for OTC State 
programs adopted pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air Act that apply 
to passenger cars, light-duty trucks up through 6,000 pounds GVWR, and 
medium-duty vehicles from 6,001 to 14,000 pounds GVWR if designed to 
operate on gasoline, as these categories of motor vehicles are defined 
in the California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 1, 
Article 1, Section 1900. With the exception of any requirements 
pertaining to ZEVs, for the duration of STATE's participation in 
National LEV, [STATE will allow manufacturers to / manufacturers may] 
comply with National LEV or equally stringent mandatory Federal 
standards in lieu of compliance with any program adopted by STATE 
pursuant to the authority provided in section 177 of the Clean Air Act 
applicable to the vehicle classes specified above. STATE's participation 
in National LEV extends until model year 2006, except as provided in 40 
CFR 86.1707. If, no later than December 15, 2000, the US EPA does not 
adopt standards at least as stringent as the National LEV standards 
provided in 40 CFR part 86 subpart R that apply to new motor vehicles in 
model year 2004, 2005 or 2006, STATE's participation in National LEV 
extends only until model year 2004, except as provided in 40 CFR 
86.1707. Any existing or future requirement pertaining to ZEVs is not 
affected by STATE's acceptance of National LEV as a compliance 
alternative for other state requirements.

    (iii) All states shall include the following language:


[[Page 967]]


    Based on EPA's determination in the preamble to the final National 
LEV rule [CITE], STATE believes that National LEV will achieve 
reductions of VOC and NOX emissions that are equivalent to or 
greater than the reductions that would be achieved through OTC State 
adoption of California Low Emission Vehicle programs in the Ozone 
Transport Region.

    (iv) All states shall include the following language:

    STATE intends National LEV to be STATE's new motor vehicle emissions 
control program.

    (v) All states shall include the following language:

    STATE recognizes that motor vehicle manufacturers are committing to 
National LEV with the expectation that, until model year 2006 (or, under 
the circumstances specified above, model year 2004), the OTC States that 
commit to the National LEV program will allow National LEV as a 
compliance alternative for state programs adopted pursuant to the 
authority provided in section 177 of the Clean Air Act, applying to the 
vehicle classes specified above (except any requirements pertaining to 
ZEVs in states with Existing ZEV Mandates). It is our intent to abide by 
this commitment. [However, the provisions of this letter will not have 
the force of law until STATE adopts them as state regulations. / 
Regulations providing for STATE's opt-in to National LEV have been 
approved for proposed rulemaking by APPROPRIATE STATE AGENCY on [INSERT 
DATE]. However, they will not have the force and effect of law until 
they are approved as final regulations.] Adoption of state regulations 
and the contents of a final state implementation plan revision will be 
determined through a state rulemaking process pursuant to the state 
requirements at [CITE to STATE law] and Federal law. Also, STATE must 
comply with any subsequent STATE legislation that might affect this 
commitment.

    (vi) All states shall include the following language:

    If the manufacturers exit the National LEV program pursuant to the 
EPA National LEV regulations at 40 CFR 86.1707, STATE [acknowledges / 
provides in its proposed rule] that the transition from National LEV 
requirements to any STATE program adopted pursuant to the authority 
provided in section 177 of the Clean Air Act applying to the vehicle 
classes specified above, including any requirements pertaining to ZEVs 
(except any requirements pertaining to ZEVs in states with Existing ZEV 
Mandates), will proceed in accordance with the EPA National LEV 
regulations at 40 CFR 86.1707.

    (vii) All states shall include the following language:

    STATE supports the legitimacy of the National LEV program and EPA's 
authority to promulgate the National LEV regulations.

    (viii) Any state may include the following language:

    [This [commitment/opt-in] / As provided in the proposed regulations, 
STATE's opt-in] is conditioned on all motor vehicle manufacturers 
(listed in EPA regulations at 40 CFR 86.1706(c)) opting into National 
LEV and on EPA finding that National LEV is in effect pursuant to 40 CFR 
86.1706.

    (4) In lieu of statements described in paragraphs (e)(3)(i), 
(e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(vi) of this section, states may submit proposed 
regulations containing the provisions required under paragraphs (g)(1), 
(g)(2), (g)(3), and (g)(5) of this section.
    (f) A state shall be considered to have opted in upon the 
Administrator's receipt of the opt-in notification and satisfaction of 
the conditions set forth in paragraph (e)(3)(viii) of this section, if 
applicable.
    (g) Each OTC State that opts into National LEV pursuant to paragraph 
(e) of this section shall submit a state implementation plan (SIP) 
revision within one year and seventy-five days of December 16, 1997 
except for the District of Columbia, New Hampshire, Delaware, and 
Virginia, for which the deadline is 18 months and seventy-five days from 
December 16, 1997. The SIP revisions shall include the following using 
identical or substantively identical language:
    (1) Covered states without any Section 177 Program, or with a 
Section 177 Program but not an Existing ZEV Mandate, shall submit 
regulations containing the following language:

    For the duration of STATE's participation in National LEV, 
manufacturers may comply with National LEV or equally stringent 
mandatory Federal standards in lieu of compliance with any program, 
including any mandates for sales of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs), 
adopted by STATE pursuant to the authority provided in section 177 of 
the Clean Air Act applicable to passenger cars, light-duty trucks up 
through 6,000 pounds GVWR, and/or medium-duty vehicles from 6,001 to 
14,000 pounds GVWR if designed to operate on gasoline, as these 
categories of motor vehicles are defined in the California

[[Page 968]]

Code of Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 1, Article 1, Section 
1900.
    STATE's participation in National LEV extends until model year 2006, 
except as provided in 40 CFR 86.1707. If, no later than December 15, 
2000, the US EPA does not adopt standards at least as stringent as the 
National LEV standards provided in 40 CFR part 86 subpart R that apply 
to new motor vehicles in model year 2004, 2005 or 2006, STATE's 
participation in National LEV extends only until model year 2004, except 
as provided in 40 CFR 86.1707.

    (2) Covered states with a Section 177 Program and an Existing ZEV 
Mandate shall submit regulations containing the following language:

    With the exception of any STATE requirements pertaining to zero 
emission vehicles (ZEVs), for the duration of STATE's participation in 
National LEV, manufacturers may comply with National LEV or equally 
stringent mandatory Federal standards in lieu of compliance with any 
program adopted by STATE pursuant to the authority provided in section 
177 of the Clean Air Act applicable to passenger cars, light-duty trucks 
up through 6,000 pounds GVWR, and/or medium-duty vehicles from 6,001 to 
14,000 pounds GVWR if designed to operate on gasoline, as these 
categories of motor vehicles are defined in the California Code of 
Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 1, Article 1, Section 1900.
    STATE's participation in National LEV extends until model year 2006, 
except as provided in 40 CFR 86.1707. If, no later than December 15, 
2000, the US EPA does not adopt standards at least as stringent as the 
National LEV standards provided in 40 CFR part 86 subpart R that apply 
to new motor vehicles in model year 2004, 2005 or 2006, STATE's 
participation in National LEV extends only until model year 2004, except 
as provided in 40 CFR 86.1707.
    Any existing or future STATE requirement pertaining to ZEVs is not 
affected by STATE's acceptance of National LEV as a compliance 
alternative for other state requirements.

    (3) All covered states shall submit regulations containing the 
following language:

    If a covered manufacturer, as defined at 40 CFR 86.1702, opts out of 
the National LEV program pursuant to the EPA National LEV regulations at 
40 CFR 86.1707, the transition from National LEV requirements to any 
STATE section 177 program applicable to passenger cars, light-duty 
trucks up through 6,000 pounds GVWR, and/ or medium-duty vehicles from 
6,001 to 14,000 pounds GVWR if designed to operate on gasoline, as these 
categories of motor vehicles are defined in the California Code of 
Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 1, Article 1, Section 1900, 
will proceed in accordance with the EPA National LEV regulations at 40 
CFR 86.1707.

    (4) All covered states shall accompany the regulatory language with 
the following language:

    STATE commits to support National LEV as an acceptable alternative 
to state Section 177 Programs for the duration of STATE's participation 
in National LEV.
    STATE recognizes that its commitment to National LEV is necessary to 
ensure that National LEV remain in effect.
    STATE is submitting this SIP revision in accordance with the 
applicable Clean Air Act requirements at section 110 and EPA regulations 
at 40 CFR part 86 and 40 CFR Parts 51 and 52.

    (5) States without Existing ZEV Mandates shall accompany the 
regulatory language with the following language:

    For the duration of STATE's participation in National LEV, STATE 
[intends to / will] forbear from adopting and implementing a ZEV mandate 
effective prior to model year 2006. Notwithstanding the previous 
sentence, if, no later than December 15, 2000, the US EPA does not adopt 
standards at least as stringent as the National LEV standards provided 
in 40 CFR part 86 subpart R that apply to new motor vehicles in model 
year 2004, 2005 or 2006, STATE [intends to / will] forbear from adopting 
and implementing a ZEV mandate effective prior to model year 2004.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 967, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1706-99  National LEV program in effect.

    (a) No later than March 2, 1998, EPA shall issue a finding as to 
whether National LEV is in effect. EPA shall base this finding on opt-in 
notifications from OTC States submitted pursuant to Sec. 86.1705(e) and 
received by EPA January 30, 1998, and on opt-in notifications from 
manufacturers submitted pursuant to Sec. 86.1705(c) and received by EPA 
February 17, 1998.
    (b) EPA shall find that the National LEV program is in effect and 
shall subsequently publish this determination if the following 
conditions have been met:
    (1) All manufacturers listed in paragraph (c) of this section have 
lawfully opted in pursuant to Sec. 86.1705(c) and any

[[Page 969]]

conditions placed on the opt-ins allowed under Sec. 86.1705(c)(2) have 
been met (apart from a condition that EPA find the National LEV program 
in effect);
    (2) Each OTC State that opts in has lawfully opted in pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1705(e) and any conditions placed on opt-ins by OTC States that 
are allowed under Sec. 86.1705(e)(3)(viii) have been met (apart from a 
condition that EPA find the National LEV program in effect); and
    (3) No valid opt-out has become effective pursuant to Sec. 86.1707.
    (c) List of manufacturers of light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks:

American Honda Motor Company, Inc.
American Suzuki Motor Corporation
BMW of North America, Inc.
Chrysler Corporation
Fiat Auto U.S.A., Inc.
Ford Motor Company
General Motors Corporation
Hyundai Motor America
Isuzu Motors America, Inc.
Jaguar Motors Ltd.
Kia Motors America, Inc.
Land Rover North America, Inc.
Mazda (North America) Inc.
Mercedes-Benz of North America
Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America, Inc.
Nissan North America, Inc.
Porsche Cars of North America, Inc.
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Inc.
Saab Cars USA, Inc.
Subaru of America, Inc.
Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.
Volkswagen of America, Inc.
Volvo North America Corporation

[63 FR 969, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1707-99  General provisions; opt-outs.

    A covered manufacturer or covered state may opt out of the National 
LEV program only according to the provisions of this section. Vehicles 
certified under the National LEV program must continue to meet the 
standards to which they were certified, regardless of whether the 
manufacturer of those vehicles remains a covered manufacturer. A 
manufacturer that has opted out remains responsible for any debits 
outstanding on the effective date of opt-out, pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1710(d)(3).
    (a) Procedures for opt-outs--manufacturers. To opt out of the 
National LEV program, a covered manufacturer must notify the 
Administrator as provided in Sec. 86.1705(c)(1), except that the 
notification shall specify the condition and final action allowing opt-
out, indicate the manufacturer's intent to opt out of the program and no 
longer be subject to the provisions in this subpart, and specify an 
effective date for the opt-out. The effective date shall be specified in 
terms of the first model year for which the opt-out shall be effective, 
but shall be no earlier than the applicable date indicated in paragraphs 
(d) through (j) of this section. For an opt-out pursuant to paragraph 
(d) of this section, the manufacturer shall specify the revision 
triggering the opt-out and shall also provide evidence that the 
triggering revision does not harmonize the standard or requirement with 
a comparable California standard or requirement, if applicable, or that 
the triggering revision has increased the stringency of the revised 
standard or requirement, if applicable. The notification shall include 
the following language:

    XX COMPANY, its subsidiaries, successors and assigns hereby opt out 
of the voluntary National LEV program, as set forth in 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart R.

    (b) Procedures for opt-outs--OTC states. To opt out of the National 
LEV program, a covered state must notify the Administrator through a 
written statement from the head of the appropriate state agency. A copy 
of the notification shall be sent to the Director, Vehicle Programs and 
Compliance Division; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2565 Plymouth 
Road; Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105. The notification shall specify the 
final action allowing opt-out, indicate the state's intent to opt out of 
the program and no longer be subject to the provisions in this subpart, 
and specify an effective date for the opt-out. The effective date shall 
be specified in terms of the first model year for which the opt-out 
shall be effective, but shall be no earlier than the applicable date 
indicated in paragraphs (d) through (k) of this section. The 
notification shall include the following language:

    STATE hereby opts out of the voluntary National LEV program, as set 
forth in 40 CFR part 86, subpart R.


[[Page 970]]


    (c) Procedures for opt-outs--EPA notification. Upon receipt of an 
opt-out notification under this section, EPA shall promptly notify the 
covered states and covered manufacturers of the opt-out. Publication in 
the Federal Register of notice of receipt of the opt-out notification is 
sufficient but not necessary to meet EPA's obligation to notify covered 
states and covered manufacturers.
    (d) Conditions allowing manufacturer opt-outs--change to Stable 
Standards. A covered manufacturer may opt out if EPA promulgates a final 
rule or takes other final agency action making a revision not specified 
in paragraph (d)(9)(iii) of this section to a standard or requirement 
listed in paragraph (d)(9)(i) of this section and the covered 
manufacturer objects to the revision.
    (1) A covered manufacturer may opt out within 180 calendar days of 
the EPA action allowing opt-out under this paragraph (d). A valid opt-
out based on a revision to a Core Stable Standard shall be effective no 
earlier than the model year named for the calendar year following the 
calendar year in which EPA receives the manufacturer's opt-out 
notification. A valid opt-out based on a revision to a Non-Core Stable 
Standard may become effective no earlier than the first model year to 
which that revision applies.
    (i) Only a covered manufacturer that objects to a revision may opt 
out if EPA adopts that revision, except that if such a manufacturer opts 
out, other manufacturers that did not object to the revision may also 
opt out pursuant to paragraph (j) of this section. An objection shall be 
sufficient for this purpose only if it was filed during the public 
comment period on the proposed revision and the objection states that 
the proposed revision is sufficiently significant to allow opt-out under 
this paragraph (d).
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (2) Within sixty days of receipt of an opt-out notification under 
this paragraph (d), EPA shall determine whether the opt-out is valid by 
determining whether the alleged condition allowing opt-out has occurred 
and whether the opt-out complies with the requirements under paragraphs 
(a) and (d) of this section. An EPA determination regarding the validity 
of an opt-out is not a rule, but is a nationally applicable final agency 
action subject to judicial review pursuant to section 307(b) of the 
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7607(b)).
    (3) A manufacturer that has submitted an opt-out notification to EPA 
under this paragraph (d) remains a covered manufacturer until the opt-
out has come into effect under paragraph (d)(1) of this section and EPA 
or a reviewing court determines that the opt-out is valid.
    (4) In the event that a manufacturer petitions for judicial review 
of an EPA determination that an opt-out is invalid, the manufacturer 
remains a covered manufacturer until final judicial resolution of the 
petition. Pending resolution of the petition, and starting with the 
model year for which the opt-out would have come into effect under 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section if EPA had determined the opt-out was 
valid, the manufacturer may certify vehicles to any standards in this 
part applicable to vehicles certified in that model year and sell such 
vehicles without regard to the limitations contained in Sec. 86.1711. 
However, if the opt-out is finally determined to be invalid, the 
manufacturer will be liable for any failure to comply with Secs. 86.1710 
through 86.1712.
    (5) Upon the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out under this 
paragraph (d), that manufacturer shall be subject to all requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) that would apply to a manufacturer that had not 
opted into the National LEV program, including all applicable standards 
and other requirements promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7521 et seq.) and any state standards and other requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7507). For any state Section 177 Program that allowed 
National LEV as a compliance alternative and was adopted at least two 
years before the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out, a 
manufacturer waives its right under section 177 of the Clean Air Act to 
two years of lead time to the extent that the effective date of its opt-
out provides for less than two years of lead time and to the extent such 
a waiver is necessary. With respect to ZEV Mandates, the manufacturer 
will

[[Page 971]]

not be deemed to have waived its two-year lead time under section 177 of 
the Clean Air Act. A manufacturer shall not be subject to any ZEV 
Mandates (except Existing ZEV Mandates) in OTC States until the model 
year (as defined in part 85, subpart X) that commences two years after 
the date of EPA's receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notice.
    (6) If a covered manufacturer opts out under this paragraph (d), any 
covered state that is not a violating state under paragraph (e), (f), 
(g) or (h) of this section may opt out within 90 calendar days of the 
date of either an EPA finding that the opt-out is valid, or a judicial 
ruling that a disputed opt-out is valid. The state's opt-out 
notification shall specify an effective date for the state's opt-out no 
earlier than two calendar years after the date of EPA's receipt of the 
state's opt-out notification and shall provide that the opt out is not 
effective for model years (as defined in part 85, subpart X) that 
commence prior to this effective date.
    (7) In a state that opts out pursuant to paragraph (d)(6) of this 
section, obligations under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered 
manufacturers until the effective date of the state's opt-out. Upon the 
effective date of the state's opt-out, in that state covered 
manufacturers shall comply with any state standards and other 
requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air Act or, 
if such state standards are not in effect, with all requirements that 
would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted into the National LEV 
program, including all applicable standards and other requirements 
promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521 et 
seq.).
    (8) In a state that has not opted out, obligations under National 
LEV shall be unaffected for covered manufacturers.
    (9)(i) The following are the emissions standards and requirements 
that, if revised, may provide covered manufacturers the opportunity to 
opt out pursuant to paragraph (d)(1) of this section:
    (A) The tailpipe emissions standards for NMOG, NOx, CO, 
HCHO, and PM specified in Sec. 86.1708(b) and (c) and Sec. 86.1709(b) 
and (c);
    (B) Fleet average NMOG standards and averaging, banking and trading 
provisions specified in Sec. 86.1710;
    (C) Provisions regarding limitations on sale of Tier 1 vehicles and 
TLEVs contained in Sec. 86.1711;
    (D) The compliance test procedure (Federal Test Procedure) as 
specified in subparts A and B of this part, as used for determining 
compliance with the exhaust emission standards specified in 
Sec. 86.1708(b) and (c) and Sec. 86.1709(b) and (c);
    (E) The compliance test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.1771;
    (F) The definition of low volume manufacturer specified in 
Sec. 86.1702;
    (G) The on-board diagnostic system requirements specified in 
Sec. 86.1717;
    (H) The light-duty vehicle refueling emissions standards and 
provisions specified in Sec. 86.099-8(d), and the light-duty truck 
refueling emissions standards and provisions specified in Sec. 86.001-
9(d);
    (I) The cold temperature carbon monoxide standards and provisions 
for light-duty vehicles specified in Sec. 86.099-8(k), and for light 
light-duty trucks specified in Sec. 86.099-9(k);
    (J) The evaporative emissions standards and provisions for light-
duty vehicles specified in Sec. 86.099-8(b), and the evaporative 
emissions standards and provisions for light light-duty trucks specified 
in Sec. 86.099-9(b);
    (K) The reactivity adjustment factors and procedures specified in 
Sec. 86.1777(d);
    (L) The Supplemental Federal Test Procedure, standards and phase-in 
schedules specified in Secs. 86.1708(e), 86.1709(e), 86.127(f) and (g), 
86.129(e) and (f), 86.130(e), 86.131(f), 86.132(n) and (o), 86.158, 
86.159, 86.160, 86.161, 86.162, 86.163, 86.164, and Appendix I to this 
part, paragraphs (g) and (h).
    (ii) The standards and requirements listed in paragraphs 
(d)(9)(i)(A) through (d)(9)(i)(F) of this section are the ``Core Stable 
Standards''; the standards and requirements listed in paragraphs 
(d)(9)(i)(G) through (d)(9)(i)(L) of this section are the ``Non-Core 
Stable Standards.''
    (iii) The following types of revisions to the Stable Standards 
listed in paragraph (d)(9)(i) of this section do not provide covered 
manufacturers the

[[Page 972]]

right to opt out of the National LEV program:
    (A) Revisions to which covered manufacturers do not object;
    (B) Revisions to a Non-Core Stable Standard that do not increase the 
overall stringency of the standard or requirement;
    (C) Revisions to a Non-Core Stable Standard that harmonize the 
standard or requirement with the comparable California standard or 
requirement for the same model year (even if the harmonization increases 
the stringency of the standard or requirement), provided that, if the 
relevant California factor is raised to 1.0 or higher, EPA can only 
raise to 1.0 any of the reactivity adjustment factors specified in 
86.1777 applicable to gasoline meeting the specifications of 
86.1771(a)(1); and
    (D) Revisions to cold temperature carbon monoxide standards and 
provisions for light-duty vehicles (as specified in Sec. 86.099-8(k)) 
and for light light-duty trucks (as specified in Sec. 86.099-9(k)) that 
are effective after model year 2000.
    (10) Promulgation by EPA of mandatory tailpipe standards and other 
related requirements effective model year 2004 or later does not provide 
an opportunity to opt out of the National LEV program.
    (e) Conditions allowing manufacturer opt-outs--state Section 177 
Program that does not allow National LEV as a compliance alternative. A 
covered manufacturer may opt out of National LEV if a covered state 
takes final action such that it has in its regulations or state law a 
state Section 177 Program and/or a ZEV Mandate (except in a state with 
an Existing ZEV Mandate), that does not allow National LEV as a 
compliance alternative for the duration of the state's commitment to the 
National LEV program. The state's commitment to National LEV extends 
until model year 2006. If, no later than December 15, 2000, EPA has not 
adopted standards at least as stringent as the National LEV standards 
provided in 40 CFR part 86, subpart R that apply to new motor vehicles 
in model year 2004, 2005 or 2006, the state's commitment to National LEV 
only extends until model year 2004. A manufacturer could opt out based 
on this condition even if the state regulations or law are contrary to 
an approved SIP revision committing the state to National LEV pursuant 
to Sec. 86.1705(g). For purposes of this paragraph (e), such a state 
shall be called the ``violating state.''
    (1) A covered manufacturer may opt out any time after the violating 
state takes such final action, provided that the violating state has not 
withdrawn or otherwise nullified the relevant final action prior to 
EPA's receipt of the opt-out notification. An opt-out under this 
paragraph (e) shall be effective no earlier than the model year named 
for the calendar year following the calendar year in which EPA receives 
the manufacturer's opt-out notification.
    (2) As of the model year named for the calendar year following the 
calendar year of the violating state's final action, the violating state 
shall no longer be included in the applicable trading region for 
purposes of calculating covered manufacturers' compliance with the fleet 
average NMOG standards under Sec. 86.1710, and Sec. 86.1711 shall no 
longer apply to vehicles sold in the violating state. Beginning in that 
model year and until the violating state's requirements become effective 
pursuant to sections 110(l) and 177 of the Clean Air Act or until the 
date specified in the following sentence, whichever is earlier, the 
National LEV program allows covered manufacturers to certify and produce 
for sale vehicles meeting the exhaust emission standards of Sec. 86.096-
8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions or Sec. 86.097-
9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions in the violating state. 
If the violating state withdraws or otherwise nullifies the relevant 
violating final action, vehicles sold in that state shall count towards 
the covered manufacturers' fleet NMOG standards under Sec. 86.1710 and 
be subject to Sec. 86.1711 as of the model year named for the second 
calendar year following the calendar year in which the violating state 
took the final action nullifying or withdrawing the final violating 
action, or as of the model year named for the fourth calendar year 
following the calendar year in which the violating state took the 
violating final action, whichever is later. The two-year lead time

[[Page 973]]

required by section 177 of the Clean Air Act for the state Section 177 
Program or ZEV Mandate shall run from the date of the violating final 
action. Notwithstanding an earlier effective date of a manufacturer's 
opt-out under this paragraph (e), the manufacturer's opt-out is not 
effective in the violating state until the two-year lead time for the 
violating state's program has passed (which shall run from the date of 
the violating final action). For model years for which vehicles sold in 
the violating state do not count towards the National LEV NMOG average, 
in calculating emissions reductions from new motor vehicles creditable 
for state implementation plan requirements, the violating state's 
emissions reductions shall be based on the emission standards of 
Secs. 86.096--8(a)(1)(i), 86.097-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and shall not be based on the National LEV standards, 
provided that vehicles sold in the violating state are certified to Tier 
1 levels when sold in that state.
    (3) Upon the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out under this 
paragraph (e) in any covered state that is not a violating state under 
this paragraph (e), that manufacturer shall be subject to all 
requirements (except ZEV Mandates) that would apply to a manufacturer 
that had not opted into the National LEV program, including all 
applicable standards and other requirements promulgated under title II 
of the Clean Air Act and any state standards and other requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7507). For any state Section 177 Program that allowed 
National LEV as a compliance alternative and was adopted by a non-
violating state at least two years before the effective date of a 
manufacturer's opt-out, a manufacturer waives its right under section 
177 of the Clean Air Act to two years of lead time to the extent that 
the effective date of its opt-out provides for less than two years of 
lead time and to the extent such a waiver is necessary. With respect to 
ZEV Mandates, the manufacturer will not be deemed to have waived its 
two-year lead time under section 177 of the Clean Air Act. A 
manufacturer shall not be subject to any ZEV Mandates (except Existing 
ZEV Mandates) in OTC States until the model year (as defined in part 85, 
subpart X) that commences two years after the date of EPA's receipt of 
the manufacturer's opt-out notice.
    (4) If a covered manufacturer opts out under this paragraph (e), any 
covered state that is not a violating state under paragraph (e), (f), 
(g) or (h) of this section may opt out within 90 calendar days of EPA's 
receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notification. The state's opt-out 
notification shall specify an effective date for the state's opt-out no 
earlier than two calendar years after the date of EPA's receipt of the 
state's opt-out notification and shall provide that the opt-out is not 
effective for model years (as defined in part 85, subpart X), that 
commence prior to this effective date.
    (5) In a non-violating state that opts out pursuant to paragraph 
(e)(4) of this section, obligations under National LEV shall be 
unaffected for covered manufacturers until the effective date of the 
non-violating state's opt-out. Upon the effective date of the state's 
opt-out, in that state covered manufacturers shall comply with any state 
standards and other requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of 
the Clean Air Act or, if such state standards are not in effect, with 
all requirements that would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted 
into the National LEV program, including all applicable standards and 
other requirements promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7521 et seq.).
    (6) In a non-violating state that has not opted out, obligations 
under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered manufacturers.
    (f) Conditions allowing manufacturer opt-outs--failure to submit SIP 
revision. A covered manufacturer may opt out of National LEV if a 
covered state fails to submit a National LEV SIP revision on the date 
specified in Sec. 86.1705(g). For purposes of this paragraph (f), such a 
state shall be called the ``violating state.''
    (1) A covered manufacturer may opt out any time after the violating 
state misses the deadline for its National LEV SIP revision, provided 
that EPA has not received a National LEV SIP

[[Page 974]]

revision from the violating state prior to EPA's receipt of the 
manufacturer's opt-out notification. If a manufacturer opts out within 
180 calendar days from the deadline for the state to submit its National 
LEV SIP revision, the opt-out must be conditioned on the state not 
submitting a National LEV SIP revision within 180 calendar days from the 
deadline for such SIP revision. If the state submits such a SIP revision 
within the 180-day period, any manufacturer opt-outs under this 
paragraph (f) would be invalidated and would not come into effect. An 
opt-out under this paragraph (f) shall be effective no earlier than 
model year 2000 (or model year 2001 if the violating state is the 
District of Columbia, New Hampshire, Delaware, or Virginia) or the model 
year named for the calendar year following the calendar year in which 
EPA receives the opt-out notification, whichever is later.
    (2) For a manufacturer that opts out under this paragraph (f), as of 
model year 2000 (or model year 2001 if the violating state is the 
District of Columbia, New Hampshire, Delaware, or Virginia) or the model 
year named for the calendar year following the calendar year in which 
EPA receives the opt-out notification, whichever is later, the violating 
state shall no longer be included in the applicable trading region for 
purposes of calculating that manufacturer's compliance with the fleet 
average NMOG standards under Sec. 86.1710 and the manufacturer does not 
have to comply with Sec. 86.1711 for vehicles sold in the violating 
state. Beginning in that model year and until the manufacturer's opt-out 
becomes effective, the National LEV program allows a manufacturer that 
has opted out under this paragraph (f) to certify and produce for sale 
vehicles meeting the exhaust emission standards of Sec. 86.096-
8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions or Sec. 86.097-
9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions in the violating state. 
For model years in which vehicles sold in the violating state do not 
count towards the National LEV NMOG average, in calculating emission 
reductions from new motor vehicles creditable for state implementation 
plan requirements, the violating state's emissions reductions shall be 
based on the emissions standards of Secs. 86.096-8(a)(1)(i), 86.097-
9(a)(1)(i), and subsequent model year provisions, and shall not be based 
on the National LEV standards, provided that vehicles sold in the 
violating state are certified to Tier 1 levels when sold in that state. 
National LEV obligations in the violating state remain unchanged for 
those manufacturers that do not opt out based on this condition.
    (3) Upon the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out under this 
paragraph (f), in any covered state that is not a violating state under 
this paragraph (f), that manufacturer shall be subject to all 
requirements (except ZEV Mandates) that would apply to a manufacturer 
that had not opted into the National LEV program, including all 
applicable standards and other requirements promulgated under title II 
of the Clean Air Act and any state standards and other requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7507). For any state Section 177 Program that allowed 
National LEV as a compliance alternative and was adopted by a non-
violating state at least two years before the effective date of a 
manufacturer's opt-out, a manufacturer waives its right under section 
177 of the Clean Air Act to two years of lead time to the extent that 
the effective date of its opt-out provides for less than two years of 
lead time and to the extent such a waiver is necessary. With respect to 
ZEV Mandates, the manufacturer will not be deemed to have waived its 
two-year lead time under section 177 of the Clean Air Act. A 
manufacturer shall not be subject to any ZEV Mandates (except Existing 
ZEV Mandates) in OTC States until the model year (as defined in part 85, 
subpart X) that commences two years after the date of EPA's receipt of 
the manufacturer's opt-out notice.
    (4) If a covered manufacturer opts out under this paragraph (f), any 
covered state that is not a violating state under paragraph (e), (f), 
(g) or (h) of this section may opt out within 90 calendar days of EPA's 
receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notification. The state's opt-out 
notification shall specify an effective date for the state's opt-out no 
earlier than two calendar

[[Page 975]]

years after the date of EPA's receipt of the state's opt-out 
notification and shall provide that the opt-out is not effective for 
model years (as defined in part 85, subpart X), that commence prior to 
this effective date.
    (5) In a non-violating state that opts out pursuant to paragraph 
(f)(4) of this section, obligations under National LEV shall be 
unaffected for covered manufacturers until the effective date of the 
non-violating state's opt-out. Upon the effective date of the state's 
opt-out, in that state covered manufacturers shall comply with any state 
standards and other requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of 
the Clean Air Act or, if such state standards are not in effect, with 
all requirements that would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted 
into the National LEV program, including all applicable standards and 
other requirements promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7521 et seq.).
    (6) In a non-violating state that has not opted out, obligations 
under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered manufacturers.
    (g) Conditions allowing manufacturer opt-outs--inadequate National 
LEV SIP submission. A covered manufacturer may opt out of National LEV 
if EPA disapproves a covered state's National LEV SIP submission or 
finds that it fails to meet the requirements for a National LEV SIP 
revision set forth in Sec. 86.1705(g) or if EPA has not taken final 
action regarding such a SIP submission and more than one year has passed 
since such SIP submission was submitted to EPA. For purposes of this 
paragraph (g), such a state shall be called the ``violating state.''
    (1) A covered manufacturer may opt out any time after EPA has 
disapproved a state's National LEV SIP submission or found that it does 
not meet the requirements of Sec. 86.1705(g), provided that EPA has not 
subsequently approved a revised National LEV SIP revision from that 
state and found that the SIP revision meets the requirements of 
Sec. 86.1705(g). A covered manufacturer may also opt out any time after 
one year EPA's receipt of a state's National LEV SIP submission, 
provided that EPA has not approved the revision or has not found that 
the SIP revision meets the requirements of Sec. 86.1705(g). An opt-out 
under this condition shall be effective no earlier than the model year 
named for the calendar year following the calendar year in which the EPA 
receives the manufacturer's opt-out notification.
    (2) For a manufacturer that opts out under this paragraph (g), as of 
the model year named for the calendar year following the calendar year 
in which EPA receives the opt-out notification, the violating state 
shall no longer be included in the applicable trading region for 
purposes of calculating that manufacturer's compliance with the fleet 
average NMOG standards under Sec. 86.1710 and the manufacturer does not 
have to comply with Sec. 86.1711 for vehicles sold in the violating 
state. Beginning in that model year and until the manufacturer's opt-out 
becomes effective, the National LEV program allows a manufacturer that 
has opted out under this paragraph (g) to certify and produce for sale 
vehicles meeting the exhaust emission standards of Sec. 86.096-
8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions or Sec. 86.097-
9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions in the violating state. 
For model years in which vehicles sold in the violating state do not 
count towards the National LEV NMOG average, in calculating emission 
reductions from new motor vehicles creditable for state implementation 
plan requirements, the violating state's emissions reductions shall be 
based on the emissions standards of Secs. 86.096-8(a)(1)(i), 86.097-
9(a)(1)(i), and subsequent model year provisions, and shall not be based 
on the National LEV standards, provided that vehicles sold in the 
violating state are certified to Tier 1 levels when sold in that state. 
National LEV obligations in the violating state remain unchanged for 
those manufacturers that do not opt out based on this condition.
    (3) Upon the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out under this 
paragraph (g), in any covered state that is not a violating state under 
this paragraph (g), that manufacturer shall be subject

[[Page 976]]

to all requirements (except ZEV Mandates) that would apply to a 
manufacturer that had not opted into the National LEV program, including 
all applicable standards and other requirements promulgated under title 
II of the Clean Air Act and any state standards and other requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7507). For any state Section 177 Program that allowed 
National LEV as a compliance alternative and was adopted by a non-
violating state at least two years before the effective date of a 
manufacturer's opt-out, a manufacturer waives its right under section 
177 of the Clean Air Act to two years of lead time to the extent that 
the effective date of its opt-out provides for less than two years of 
lead time and to the extent such a waiver is necessary. With respect to 
ZEV Mandates, the manufacturer will not be deemed to have waived its 
two-year lead time under section 177 of the Clean Air Act. A 
manufacturer shall not be subject to any ZEV Mandates (except Existing 
ZEV Mandates) in OTC States until the model year (as defined in part 85, 
subpart X) that commences two years after the date of EPA's receipt of 
the manufacturer's opt-out notice.
    (4) If a covered manufacturer opts out under this paragraph (g), any 
covered state that is not a violating state under paragraph (e), (f), 
(g) or (h) of this section may opt out within 90 calendar days of EPA's 
receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notification. The state's opt-out 
notification shall specify an effective date for the state's opt-out 
that is no earlier than two calendar years after the date of EPA's 
receipt of the state's opt-out notification and shall provide that the 
opt-out is not effective for model years (as defined in part 85, subpart 
X that commence prior to this effective date.
    (5) In a non-violating state that opts out pursuant to paragraph 
(g)(4) of this section, obligations under National LEV shall be 
unaffected for covered manufacturers until the effective date of the 
non-violating state's opt-out. Upon the effective date of the state's 
opt-out, in that state covered manufacturers shall comply with any state 
standards and other requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of 
the Clean Air Act or, if such state standards are not in effect, with 
all requirements that would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted 
into the National LEV program, including all applicable standards and 
other requirements promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7521 et seq.).
    (6) In a non-violating state that has not opted out, obligations 
under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered manufacturers.
    (h) Conditions allowing manufacturer opt-outs--adoption of a ZEV 
Mandate. A covered manufacturer to which a ZEV Mandate might apply may 
opt out of National LEV if a covered state without an Existing ZEV 
Mandate takes final action such that it has in its regulations or state 
law a ZEV Mandate that allows National LEV as a compliance alternative 
that would be effective during the state's commitment to National LEV. 
For purposes of this paragraph (h), such a state shall be called the 
``violating state.''
    (1) A covered manufacturer may opt out any time after the violating 
state takes the final action, provided that the violating state has not 
withdrawn or otherwise nullified the relevant final action prior to 
EPA's receipt of the opt-out notification. An opt-out under this opt-out 
condition shall be effective no earlier than the model year named for 
the calendar year following the calendar year in which EPA receives the 
manufacturer's opt-out notification.
    (2) For a manufacturer that opts out under this paragraph (h), as of 
the model year named for the calendar year following the calendar year 
in which EPA receives the opt-out notification, the violating state 
shall no longer be included in the applicable trading region for 
purposes of calculating that manufacturer's compliance with the fleet 
average NMOG standards under Sec. 86.1710 and the manufacturer does not 
have to comply with Sec. 86.1711 for vehicles sold in the violating 
state. Beginning in that model year and until the manufacturer's opt-out 
becomes effective, the National LEV program allows a manufacturer that 
has opted out under this paragraph (h) to certify and produce for sale 
vehicles meeting the

[[Page 977]]

exhaust emission standards of Sec. 86.096-8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent 
model year provisions or Sec. 86.097-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model 
year provisions in the violating state. For model years in which 
vehicles sold in the violating state do not count towards the National 
LEV NMOG average, in calculating emission reductions from new motor 
vehicles creditable for state implementation plan requirements, the 
violating state's emissions reductions shall be based on the emissions 
standards of Secs. 86.096-8(a)(1)(i), 86.097-9(a)(1)(i), and subsequent 
model year provisions, and shall not be based on the National LEV 
standards, provided that vehicles sold in the violating state are 
certified to Tier 1 levels when sold in that state. National LEV 
obligations in the violating state remain unchanged for those 
manufacturers that do not opt out based on this condition.
    (3) Upon the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out under this 
paragraph (h), in any covered state that is not a violating state under 
this paragraph (h), that manufacturer shall be subject to all 
requirements (except ZEV Mandates) that would apply to a manufacturer 
that had not opted into the National LEV program, including all 
applicable standards and other requirements promulgated under title II 
of the Clean Air Act and any state standards and other requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7507). For any state Section 177 Program that allowed 
National LEV as a compliance alternative and was adopted by a non-
violating state at least two years before the effective date of a 
manufacturer's opt-out, a manufacturer waives its right under section 
177 of the Clean Air Act to two years of lead time to the extent that 
the effective date of its opt-out provides for less than two years of 
lead time and to the extent such a waiver is necessary. With respect to 
ZEV Mandates, the manufacturer will not be deemed to have waived its 
two-year lead time under section 177 of the Clean Air Act. A 
manufacturer shall not be subject to any ZEV Mandates (except Existing 
ZEV Mandates) in OTC States until the model year (as defined in part 85, 
subpart X) that commences two years after the date of EPA's receipt of 
the manufacturer's opt-out notice.
    (4) If a covered manufacturer opts out under this paragraph (h), any 
covered state that is not a violating state under paragraph (e), (f), 
(g) or (h) of this section may opt out within 90 calendar days of EPA's 
receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notification. The state's opt-out 
notification shall specify an effective date for the state's opt-out 
that is no earlier than two calendar years after the date of EPA's 
receipt of the state's opt-out notification and shall provide that the 
opt-out is not effective for model years (as defined in part 85, subpart 
X) that commence prior to this effective date.
    (5) In a non-violating state that opts out pursuant to paragraph 
(h)(4) of this section, obligations under National LEV shall be 
unaffected for covered manufacturers until the effective date of the 
non-violating state's opt-out. Upon the effective date of the state's 
opt-out, in that state covered manufacturers shall comply with any state 
standards and other requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of 
the Clean Air Act or, if such state standards are not in effect, with 
all requirements that would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted 
into the National LEV program, including all applicable standards and 
other requirements promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7521 et seq.).
    (6) In a non-violating state that has not opted out, obligations 
under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered manufacturers.
    (i) Conditions allowing manufacturer opt-outs--EPA failure to 
consider in-use fuel issues. A covered manufacturer may opt out of 
National LEV if EPA does not meet its obligations related to fuel sulfur 
effects, as those obligations are set forth in paragraph (i)(7) of this 
section.
    (1) A manufacturer may request in writing that EPA consider taking a 
specific action with regard to a fuel sulfur effect described in 
paragraph (i)(7) of this section. The request must identify the alleged 
fuel sulfur related problem, demonstrate that the problem exists and is 
caused by in-use fuel sulfur levels, ask EPA to consider taking a 
specific action, and demonstrate the

[[Page 978]]

emissions impact of the requested change. Within 60 calendar days of 
EPA's receipt of the manufacturer's request, EPA must consider the 
manufacturer's request and respond to it in writing, stating the 
Agency's decision and explaining the basis for the decision. The date of 
EPA's response is the date the response is signed.
    (2) If EPA fails to respond to a manufacturer's request within the 
time provided, the covered manufacturer that submitted the request may 
opt out within 180 calendar days of the deadline for the EPA response. 
(If such a manufacturer opts out, other manufacturers that did not 
submit requests may also opt out pursuant to paragraph (j) of this 
section.) An opt-out notification under this paragraph (i) is not valid 
if received by EPA after EPA responds to the request, even if EPA 
responds after the expiration of the 60-day EPA deadline. An opt-out 
under this paragraph (i) shall be effective no earlier than the model 
year named for the calendar year following the calendar year in which 
EPA receives the manufacturer's opt-out notification.
    (3) Upon the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out under this 
paragraph (i), the manufacturer shall be subject to all requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) that would apply to a manufacturer that had not 
opted into the National LEV program, including all applicable standards 
and other requirements promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7521 et seq.) and any state standards and other requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7507). For any state Section 177 Program that allowed 
National LEV as a compliance alternative and was adopted at least two 
years before the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out, a 
manufacturer waives its right under section 177 of the Clean Air Act to 
two years of lead time to the extent that the effective date of its opt-
out provides for less than two years of lead time and to the extent such 
a waiver is necessary. With respect to ZEV Mandates, the manufacturer 
will not be deemed to have waived its two-year lead time under section 
177 of the Clean Air Act. A manufacturer shall not be subject to any ZEV 
Mandates (except Existing ZEV Mandates) in OTC States until the model 
year (as defined in part 85, subpart X) that commences two years after 
the date of EPA's receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notice.
    (4) If a covered manufacturer opts out under this paragraph (i), any 
covered state that is not a violating state under paragraph (e), (f), 
(g) or (h) of this section may opt out within 90 calendar days of EPA's 
receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notification. The state's opt-out 
notification shall specify an effective date for the state's opt-out 
that is no earlier than two calendar years after the date of EPA's 
receipt of the state's opt-out notification and shall provide that the 
opt out is not effective for model years (as defined in part 85, subpart 
X), that commence prior to this effective date.
    (5) In a state that opts out pursuant to paragraph (i)(4) of this 
section, obligations under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered 
manufacturers until the effective date of the state's opt-out. Upon the 
effective date of the state's opt-out, in that state covered 
manufacturers shall comply with any state standards and other 
requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air Act or, 
if such state standards are not in effect, with all requirements that 
would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted into the National LEV 
program, including all applicable standards and other requirements 
promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521 et 
seq.).
    (6) In a state that has not opted out, obligations under National 
LEV shall be unaffected for covered manufacturers.
    (7) Following are the actions that a manufacturer may request EPA to 
consider under paragraph (i)(1) of this section:
    (i) During the certification process and upon a manufacturer's 
written request, EPA will consider allowing the use of an on-board 
diagnostic system (as required by Sec. 86.1717), that functions properly 
on low sulfur gasoline, but indicates sulfur-induced passes when exposed 
to high sulfur gasoline.

[[Page 979]]

    (ii) Upon a manufacturer's written request, if vehicles exhibit 
illuminations of the emission control diagnostic system malfunction 
indicator light (as defined in Sec. 86.094-17(c)) due to high sulfur 
gasoline, EPA will consider allowing modifications to such vehicles on a 
case-by-case basis so as to eliminate the sulfur-induced illumination.
    (iii) Upon a manufacturer's written request, prior to in-use 
testing, that presents information to EPA regarding pre-conditioning 
procedures designed solely to remove the effects of high sulfur from 
currently available gasoline, EPA will consider allowing such procedures 
on a case-by-case basis.
    (j) Conditions allowing manufacturer opt-outs--OTC State or 
manufacturer opts out. A covered manufacturer may opt out of National 
LEV if a covered state or another covered manufacturer opts out of the 
National LEV program pursuant to this section.
    (1) If a covered manufacturer's opt-out under this paragraph (j) is 
based on a covered state's or covered manufacturer's opt-out under 
paragraph (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j) or (k) of this section, the 
manufacturer may opt out within 90 calendar days of EPA's receipt of the 
underlying state's or manufacturer's opt-out notification. If a 
manufacturer's opt-out under this paragraph (j) is based on a 
manufacturer's opt-out under paragraph (d) of this section, the 
manufacturer may only opt out within 90 calendar days of the date of 
either an EPA finding or a judicial ruling that the opt-out under 
paragraph (d) of this section is valid. An opt-out under this paragraph 
(j) shall be effective no earlier than the model year named for the 
calendar year following the calendar year in which the EPA receives the 
manufacturer's opt-out notification.
    (2) Upon the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out under this 
paragraph (j), in any covered state that manufacturer shall be subject 
to all requirements (except ZEV Mandates) that would apply to a 
manufacturer that had not opted into National LEV, including all 
applicable standards and other requirements promulgated under title II 
of the Clean Air Act and any state standards and other requirements 
(except ZEV Mandates) in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7507). For any state Section 177 Program that allowed 
National LEV as a compliance alternative and was adopted at least two 
years before the effective date of a manufacturer's opt-out, a 
manufacturer waives its right under section 177 of the Clean Air Act to 
two years of lead time to the extent that the effective date of its opt-
out provides for less than two years of lead time and to the extent such 
a waiver is necessary. With respect to ZEV Mandates, the manufacturer 
will not be deemed to have waived its two-year lead time under section 
177 of the Clean Air Act. A manufacturer shall not be subject to any ZEV 
Mandates (except Existing ZEV Mandates) in OTC States until the model 
year (as defined in part 85, subpart X) that commences two years after 
the date of EPA's receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notice.
    (3) If a covered manufacturer opts out under this paragraph (j), any 
covered state that is not a violating state under paragraph (e), (f), 
(g) or (h) of this section may opt out within 90 calendar days of EPA's 
receipt of the manufacturer's opt-out notification. The state's opt-out 
notification shall specify an effective date for the state's opt-out no 
earlier than two calendar years after the date of EPA's receipt of the 
state's opt-out notification and shall provide that the opt-out is not 
effective for model years (as defined in part 85, subpart X), that 
commence prior to this effective date.
    (4) In a state that opts out pursuant to paragraph (j)(3) of this 
section, obligations under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered 
manufacturers until the effective date of the state's opt-out. Upon the 
effective date of the state's opt-out, in that state covered 
manufacturers shall comply with any state standards and other 
requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air Act or, 
if such state standards are not in effect, with all requirements that 
would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted into the National LEV 
program, including all applicable standards and other requirements 
promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521 et 
seq.).

[[Page 980]]

    (5) In a state that has not opted out, obligations under National 
LEV remain unaffected for covered manufacturers.
    (k) Conditions allowing OTC State opt-outs--EPA finding of 
inequivalency. Any covered state may opt out of National LEV if EPA 
determines that National LEV would not produce (or is not producing) 
emissions reductions at least equivalent to the OTC State Section 177 
Programs.
    (1) At any time during National LEV, a covered state may request in 
writing that EPA reevaluate its initial equivalency determination (of 
December 16, 1997) that National LEV would produce emissions reductions 
at least equivalent to the OTC State Section 177 Programs that would be 
operative in the absence of National LEV. Within 180 calendar days of 
receipt of the state's request, EPA must take final agency action to 
determine whether the determination that National LEV will produce at 
least equivalent emission reductions to OTC State Section 177 Program is 
still valid. These EPA determinations are not rules, but are nationally 
applicable final agency actions subject to judicial review pursuant to 
section 307(b) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7607(b)). In reevaluating 
its equivalency determination, EPA shall use the same Mobile emission 
factor model and the same inputs and assumptions (including vehicle 
miles traveled, MOBILE5a model inputs, inspection and maintenance 
programs, reformulated gasoline, and permanent migration effects) as 
used in the initial determination, with the following exceptions:
    (i) In modeling the emission reductions from National LEV, EPA shall 
use any revised federal new motor vehicle standard or other requirement 
in place of the standard or other requirement as it existed when EPA 
made its initial determination; and, to the extent that the modeling 
reflects EPA's implementation of federal new motor vehicle standards or 
other requirements, EPA shall take any changes in such implementation 
into account.
    (ii) In modeling the emissions reductions that would be achieved 
through the OTC State Section 177 Programs that would apply in the 
absence of National LEV, EPA shall take into account all Section 177 
Programs adopted by OTC States (including programs that allow National 
LEV as a compliance alternative) that had been adopted subsequent to 
EPA's initial equivalency determination. In accounting for the emissions 
effect of OTC State Section 177 Programs, EPA shall continue to assume 
that all OTC State Section 177 Programs have the same substantive 
requirements used in EPA's initial equivalency determination and shall 
not model any effects of state regulation of medium-duty vehicles (as 
defined in the California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, 
Chapter 1, Article 1, Section 1900).
    (2) A covered state may opt out of National LEV within 90 calendar 
days of a final EPA determination pursuant to paragraph (k)(1) of this 
section that National LEV would not produce (or is not producing) 
emissions reductions at least equivalent to OTC State Section 177 
Programs. The state's opt-out notification shall specify an effective 
date for the state's opt-out that is no earlier than two calendar years 
after the date of EPA's receipt of the state's opt-out notification and 
shall provide that the opt-out is not effective for model years (as 
defined in part 85, subpart X), that commence prior to this effective 
date.
    (3) If a covered state opts out based on this condition, a covered 
manufacturer may opt out of National LEV pursuant to paragraph (j) of 
this section.
    (4) In a state that opts out pursuant to paragraph (k)(1) of this 
section, obligations under National LEV shall be unaffected for covered 
manufacturers until the effective date of that state's opt-out. Upon the 
effective date of the state's opt-out, in that state covered 
manufacturers shall comply with any state standards and other 
requirements in effect pursuant to section 177 of the Clean Air Act or, 
if such state standards and other requirements are not in effect, with 
all requirements that would apply to a manufacturer that had not opted 
into the National LEV program, including all applicable standards and 
other requirements promulgated under title II of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7521 et seq.).

[63 FR 970, Jan. 7, 1998]

[[Page 981]]



Sec. 86.1708-99  Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light-duty vehicles.

    (a) Light-duty vehicles certified under the provisions of this 
subpart shall comply with the applicable exhaust emission standards in 
this section. In addition to the exhaust emission standards in this 
section, light-duty vehicles certified under the provisions of this 
subpart shall comply with all applicable emission standards and 
requirements in Sec. 86.096-8 and subsequent model year provisions.
    (1) Light-duty vehicles that meet the exhaust emission standards in 
this section are deemed to be in compliance with all the exhaust 
emission standards in Sec. 86.096-8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, except for the emission standards and test procedures for 
total hydrocarbon (THC), particulate matter (PM), and high altitude 
conditions. Diesel light-duty vehicles that meet the PM standard in this 
section are deemed to be in compliance with the PM standard in 
Sec. 86.096-8 and subsequent model year provisions.
    (b)(1) Standards. (i) Exhaust emissions from 1999 and later model 
year light-duty vehicles classified as TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs shall not 
exceed the standards in Tables R99-1 and R99-2 in rows designated with 
the applicable vehicle emission category. These standards shall apply 
equally to certification and in-use vehicles, except as provided in 
paragraph (c) of this section. The tables follow:

   Table R99-1--Intermediate Useful Life (50,000 mile) Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles Classified as
                                             TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Vehicle emission category                       NMOG          CO          NOX          HCHO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TLEV........................................................        0.125          3.4          0.4        0.015
LEV.........................................................        0.075          3.4          0.2        0.015
ULEV........................................................        0.040          1.7          0.2        0.008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table R99-2--Full Useful Life (100,000 mile) Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles Classified as TLEVs, LEVs,
                                                    and ULEVs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                     PM (diesels
           Vehicle emission category                 NMOG          CO          NOX          HCHO        only)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TLEV...........................................        0.156          4.2          0.6        0.018         0.08
LEV............................................        0.090          4.2          0.3        0.018         0.08
ULEV...........................................        0.055          2.1          0.3        0.011         0.04
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Diesel vehicles. The particulate matter (PM) standards in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section are applicable to diesel light-duty 
vehicles only. For diesel vehicles certifying to the standards set forth 
in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, ``NMOG'' shall mean non-methane 
hydrocarbons.
    (iii) NMOG standards for flexible-fuel and dual-fuel light-duty 
vehicles. Flexible-fuel and dual-fuel light-duty vehicles shall be 
certified to exhaust emission standards for NMOG established both for 
the operation of the vehicle on an available fuel other than gasoline 
and for the operation of the vehicle on gasoline as specified in 
Sec. 86.1771.
    (A) The applicable NMOG emission standards for flexible-fuel and 
dual-fuel light-duty vehicles when certifying the vehicle for operation 
on fuels other than gasoline shall be the NMOG standards in paragraph 
(b)(1)(i) of this section.
    (B) The applicable NMOG emission standards for flexible-fuel and 
dual-fuel light-duty vehicles when certifying the vehicle for operation 
on gasoline shall be the NMOG standards in Tables R99-3 and R99-4 in the 
rows designated with the applicable vehicle emission category, as 
follows:

 Table R99-3--Intermediate Useful Life (50,000 mile) NMOG Standards (g/
  mi) for Flexible-Fuel and Dual-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles Classified as
                         TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Vehicle emission category                      NMOG
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TLEV........................................................       0.25
LEV.........................................................       0.125

[[Page 982]]

 
ULEV........................................................       0.075
------------------------------------------------------------------------


 Table R99-4--Full Useful Life (100,000 mile) NMOG Standards (g/mi) for
  Flexible-Fuel and Dual-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles Classified as TLEVs,
                             LEVs, and ULEVs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Vehicle emission category                      NMOG
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TLEV........................................................       0.31
LEV.........................................................       0.156
ULEV........................................................       0.090
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iv) Highway NOX. The maximum projected NOX 
emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 
part 600, subpart B, shall not be greater than 1.33 times the applicable 
light-duty vehicle standards shown in tables R99-1 and R99-2. Both the 
projected emissions and the Highway Fuel Economy Test standard shall be 
rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/mi in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications, before 
being compared. These procedures are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (v) Hybrid electric vehicle requirements. Deterioration factors for 
hybrid electric vehicles shall be based on the emissions and mileage 
accumulation of the auxiliary power unit. For certification purposes 
only, Type A hybrid electric vehicles shall demonstrate compliance with 
50,000 mile emission standards (using 50,000 mile deterioration 
factors), and shall not be required to demonstrate compliance with 
100,000 mile emission standards. For certification purposes only, Type B 
hybrid electric vehicles shall demonstrate compliance with 50,000 mile 
emission standards (using 50,000 mile deterioration factors) and 100,000 
mile emission standards (using 75,000 mile deterioration factors). For 
certification purposes only, Type C hybrid electric vehicles shall 
demonstrate compliance with 50,000 mile emission standards (using 50,000 
mile deterioration factors) and 100,000 mile emission standards (using 
100,000 mile deterioration factors).
    (vi) 50 degree F requirements. Light-duty vehicles shall comply with 
the emission standards for NMOG, CO, NOX, and HCHO in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section at 50  deg.F, according to the 
procedure specified in Sec. 86.1773. Hybrid electric, natural gas, and 
diesel fueled vehicles are not required to comply with the provisions of 
this paragraph (b)(1)(vi).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) In-use emission standards. (1) 1999 model year light-duty 
vehicles certified as LEVs and 1999 through 2002 model year light-duty 
vehicles certified as ULEVs shall meet the applicable intermediate and 
full useful life in-use standards in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, 
according to the following provisions:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) The applicable in-use emission standards for vehicle emission 
categories and model years not shown in Tables R99-5 and R99-6 shall be 
the intermediate and full useful life standards in paragraph (b) of this 
section.
    (2) Light-duty vehicles, including flexible-fuel and dual-fuel 
light-duty vehicles when operated on gasoline and on an available fuel 
other than gasoline, shall meet all intermediate and full useful life 
in-use standards for the applicable vehicle emission category and model 
year in Tables R99-5 and R99-6, as follows:

       Table R99-5--Intermediate Useful Life (50,000 mile) In-Use Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Vehicle emission category              Model year            NMOG          CO          NOX          HCHO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEV................................  1999                           0.100          3.4          0.3        0.015
ULEV...............................  1999-2000                      0.055          2.1          0.3        0.012
                                     2001-2002                      0.055          2.1          0.3        0.008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 983]]


          Table R99-6--Full Useful Life (100,000 mile) In-Use Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Vehicle emission category              Model year            NMOG          CO          NOX          HCHO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEV................................  1999                           0.125          4.2          0.4        0.018
ULEV...............................  1999-2002                      0.075          3.4          0.4        0.008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) NMOG measurement and reactivity adjustment. NMOG emissions shall 
be measured in accordance with Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996). These requirements are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1). NMOG emissions shall be compared to the applicable NMOG 
emissions certification or in-use standard according to the following 
calculation procedures:
    (1) For TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs designed to operate on any fuel other 
than conventional gasoline, and for flexible-fuel and dual-fuel TLEVs, 
LEVs, and ULEVs when operated on a fuel other than gasoline as specified 
in Sec. 86.1771, manufacturers shall multiply NMOG exhaust mass emission 
levels by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor set forth in 
Sec. 86.1777, or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1777. The product of the NMOG exhaust emission levels and the 
reactivity adjustment factor shall be compared to the applicable 
certification or in-use exhaust NMOG mass emission standards established 
for the particular vehicle emission category to determine compliance.
    (2) In addition to multiplying the exhaust NMOG mass emission levels 
by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor, TLEV, LEV, or ULEV 
natural gas vehicles shall multiply the exhaust methane mass emission 
level by the applicable methane reactivity adjustment factor in 
Sec. 86.1777 or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1777. The reactivity-adjusted NMOG value shall be added to the 
reactivity-adjusted methane value and then the sum shall be compared to 
the applicable certification or in-use exhaust NMOG mass emission 
standards established for the particular vehicle emission category to 
determine compliance.
    (3) The exhaust NMOG mass emission levels for fuel-flexible and 
dual-fuel vehicles when operating on gasoline as specified in 
Sec. 86.1771 shall not be multiplied by a reactivity adjustment factor.
    (e) SFTP Standards. Exhaust emissions from 2001 and later model year 
light-duty vehicles shall meet the additional SFTP standards in this 
paragraph (e) according to the implementation schedules in this 
paragraph (e). The standards set forth in this paragraph (e) refer to 
exhaust emissions emitted over the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure 
(SFTP) as set forth in subpart B of this part and collected and 
calculated in accordance with those procedures.
    (1) Tier 1 vehicles and TLEVs. The SFTP exhaust emission levels from 
new 2001 and subsequent model year light-duty vehicles certified to the 
exhaust emission standards in Sec. 86.099-8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent 
model year provisions and light-duty vehicles certified as TLEVs shall 
not exceed the standards in Table R99-7.1, according to the 
implementation schedule in this paragraph (e)(1).

               Table R99-7.1--SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards (g/mi) for Tier 1 Vehicles and TLEVs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             CO
                                                               NMHC + NOX --------------------------------------
             Useful life                     Fuel type         composite                              Composite
                                                                             A/C test    US06 test      option
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate........................  Gasoline..............         0.65          3.0          9.0          3.4
                                      Diesel................         1.48           NA          9.0          3.4
Full................................  Gasoline..............         0.91          3.7         11.1          4.2
                                      Diesel................         2.07           NA         11.1          4.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 984]]

    (i) Phase-in requirements--2001 to 2003 model years. For the 
purposes of this paragraph (e)(1)(i) only, each manufacturer's light-
duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall be defined as the 
total projected number of the following types of vehicles sold in 
California: light-duty vehicles certified to the exhaust emission 
standards in Sec. 86.099-8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and light light-duty trucks certified to the exhaust 
emission standards in Sec. 86.099-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified as TLEVs. As an option, a manufacturer may elect to have its 
total light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet defined, for 
the purposes of this paragraph (e)(1)(i) only, as the total projected 
number of the manufacturer's light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, other than zero emission vehicles, certified and sold in 
California.
    (A) Manufacturers of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, except low volume manufacturers, shall certify a minimum 
percentage of their light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet 
according to the following phase-in schedule:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001.......................................................           25
2002.......................................................           50
2003.......................................................           85
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (B) [Reserved]
    (ii) Phase-in requirements--2004 and later model years. For the 
purposes of this paragraph (e)(1)(ii) only, each manufacturer's light-
duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall be defined as the 
total projected number of the following types of vehicles sold in the 
United States: light-duty vehicles certified to the exhaust emission 
standards in Sec. 86.099-8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and light light-duty trucks certified to the exhaust 
emission standards in Sec. 86.099-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified as TLEVs. As an option, a manufacturer may elect to have its 
total light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet defined, for 
the purposes of this paragraph (e)(1)(ii) only, as the total projected 
number of the manufacturer's light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, other than zero emission vehicles, certified and sold in the 
United States.
    (A) In 2004 and subsequent model years, manufacturers of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks, including low volume 
manufacturers, shall certify 100 percent of their light-duty vehicle and 
light light-duty truck fleet to the standards in this paragraph (e)(l).
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iii) Phase-in requirements--vehicles sold outside California. 
Light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks sold outside California 
shall be certified to the applicable emission standards in this 
paragraph (e) if a vehicle has been certifed to the emission standards 
in this paragraph (e) for sale in California and is identical in the 
following respects:
    (A) Vehicle manufacturer;
    (B) Vehicle make and model;
    (C) Cylinder block configuration (L-6, V-8, and so forth);
    (D) Displacement;
    (E) Combustion cycle;
    (F) Transmission class; and
    (G) Axle ratio.
    (2) LEVs and ULEVs. The SFTP standards in this paragraph (e)(2) 
represent the maximum SFTP exhaust emissions at 4,000 miles +/-250 miles 
or at the mileage determined by the manufacturer for emission data 
vehicles in accordance with Sec. 86.1726. The SFTP exhaust emission 
levels from new 2001 and subsequent model year light-duty vehicle LEVs 
and ULEVs shall not exceed the standards in the following table, 
according to the implementation schedule in this paragraph (e)(2)(i).

Table R99-7.2--SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards (g/mi) for LEVs and ULEVs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              US06 Test                            A/C Test
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    NMHC + NOX             CO            NMHC + NOX             CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        0.14                8.0               0.20               2.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) Phase-in requirements--2001 to 2003 model years. For the 
purposes of this paragraph (e)(2)(i) only, each manufacturer's light-
duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall be defined

[[Page 985]]

as the total projected number of light-duty vehicles and light light-
duty trucks certified as LEVs and ULEVs sold in California.
    (A) Manufacturers of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, except low volume manufacturers, shall certify to the standards 
in this paragraph (e)(2) a minimum percentage of their light-duty 
vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet according to the following 
phase-in schedule:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001.......................................................           25
2002.......................................................           50
2003.......................................................           85
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (B) Manufacturers may use an ``Alternative or Equivalent Phase-in 
Schedule'' to comply with the phase-in requirements. An ``Alternative 
Phase-in'' is one that achieves at least equivalent emission reductions 
by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in. Model-year 
emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of 
vehicles (based on the manufacturer's projected California sales volume 
of the applicable vehicle fleet) meeting the new requirements per model 
year by the number of model years implemented prior to and including the 
last model year of the scheduled phase-in. The ``cumulative total'' is 
the summation of the model-year emission reductions (e.g., a four model-
year 25/50/85/100 percent phase-in schedule would be calculated as: 
(25%* 4 years) + (50%* 3 years) + (85%* 2 years) + (100%* 1 year) + 
520). Any alternative phase-in that results in an equal or larger 
cumulative total than the required cumulative total by the end of the 
last model year of the scheduled phase-in shall be considered acceptable 
by the Administrator under the following conditions: All vehicles 
subject to the phase-in shall comply with the respective requirements in 
the last model year of the required phase-in schedule; and if a 
manufacturer uses the optional phase-in percentage determination in 
paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section, the cumulative total of model-year 
emission reductions as determined only for light-duty vehicles and light 
light-duty trucks certified to this paragraph (e)(2) must also be equal 
to or larger than the required cumulative total by end of the 2004 model 
year. Manufacturers shall be allowed to include vehicles introduced 
before the first model year of the scheduled phase-in (e.g., in the 
previous example, 10 percent introduced one year before the scheduled 
phase-in begins would be calculated as: (10%* 5 years) and added to the 
cumulative total).
    (ii) Phase-in requirements--2004 and later model years. For the 
purposes of this paragraph (e)(2)(ii) only, each manufacturer's light-
duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall be defined as the 
total projected number of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks certified as LEVs and ULEVs sold in the United States.
    (A) In 2004 and subsequent model years, manufacturers of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks, including low volume 
manufacturers, shall certify 100 percent of their light-duty vehicle and 
light light-duty truck fleet to the standards in this paragraph (e)(2).
    (iii) Phase-in requirements--vehicles sold outside California. 
Light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks sold outside California 
shall be certified to the applicable emission standards in this 
paragraph (e) if a vehicle has been certifed to the emission standards 
in this paragraph (e) for sale in California and is identical in the 
following respects:
    (A) Vehicle manufacturer;
    (B) Vehicle make and model;
    (C) Cylinder block configuration (L-6, V-8, and so forth);
    (D) Displacement;
    (E) Combustion cycle;
    (F) Transmission class; and
    (G) Axle ratio.
    (3) A/C-on specific calibrations. A/C-on specific calibrations (e.g. 
air to fuel ratio, spark timing, and exhaust gas recirculation), may be 
used which differ from A/C-off calibrations for given engine operating 
conditions (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, 
air charge temperature, and any other parameters). Such calibrations 
must not unnecessarily reduce the NMHC+NOX emission control 
effectiveness during A/C-on operation when

[[Page 986]]

the vehicle is operated under conditions which may reasonably be 
expected to be encountered during normal operation and use. If 
reductions in control system NMHC+NOX effectiveness do occur 
as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer shall, in the 
Application for Certification, specify the circumstances under which 
such reductions do occur, and the reason for the use of such 
calibrations resulting in such reductions in control system 
effectiveness. A/C-on specific ``open-loop'' or ``commanded enrichment'' 
air-fuel enrichment strategies (as defined below), which differ from A/
C-off ``open-loop'' or ``commanded enrichment'' air-fuel enrichment 
strategies, may not be used, with the following exceptions: Cold-start 
and warm-up conditions, or, subject to Administrator approval, 
conditions requiring the protection of the vehicle, occupants, engine, 
or emission control hardware. Other than these exceptions, such 
strategies which are invoked based on manifold pressure, engine speed, 
throttle position, or other engine parameters shall use the same engine 
parameter criteria for the invoking of this air-fuel enrichment strategy 
and the same degree of enrichment regardless of whether the A/C is on or 
off. ``Open-loop'' or ``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy is 
defined as enrichment of the air to fuel ratio beyond stoichiometry for 
the purposes of increasing engine power output and the protection of 
engine or emissions control hardware. However, ``closed-loop biasing,'' 
defined as small changes in the air-fuel ratio for the purposes of 
optimizing vehicle emissions or driveability, shall not be considered an 
``open-loop'' or ``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy. In 
addition, ``transient'' air-fuel enrichment strategy (or ``tip-in'' and 
``tip-out'' enrichment), defined as the temporary use of an air-fuel 
ratio rich of stoichiometry at the beginning or duration of rapid 
throttle motion, shall not be considered an ``open-loop'' or 
``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy.
    (4) ``Lean-on-cruise'' calibration strategies. (i) In the 
Application for Certification, the manufacturer shall state whether any 
``lean-on-cruise'' strategies are incorporated into the vehicle design. 
A ``lean-on-cruise'' air-fuel calibration strategy is defined as the use 
of an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry, during 
non-deceleration conditions at speeds above 40 mph. ``Lean-on-cruise'' 
air-fuel calibration strategies shall not be employed during vehicle 
operation in normal driving conditions, including A/C usage, unless at 
least one of the following conditions is met:
    (A) Such strategies are substantially employed during the FTP or 
SFTP;
    (B) Such strategies are demonstrated not to significantly reduce 
vehicle NMHC+NOX emission control effectiveness over the 
operating conditions in which they are employed;
    (C) Such strategies are demonstrated to be necessary to protect the 
vehicle occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
    (ii) If the manufacturer proposes to use a ``lean-on-cruise'' 
calibration strategy, the manufacturer shall specify the circumstances 
under which such a calibration would be used, and the reason or reasons 
for the proposed use of such a calibration.
    (iii) The provisions of this paragraph (e)(4) shall not apply to 
vehicles powered by ``lean-burn'' engines or diesel-cycle engines. A 
``lean-burn'' engine is defined as an Otto-cycle engine designed to run 
at an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry during the 
large majority of its operation.
    (5) Applicability to alternative fuel vehicles. These SFTP standards 
do not apply to vehicles certified on fuels other than gasoline and 
diesel fuel, but the standards do apply to the gasoline and diesel fuel 
operation of flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles.
    (6) Single-roll electric dynamometer requirement. For all vehicles 
certified to the SFTP standards, a single-roll electric dynamometer or a 
dynamometer which produces equivalent results, as set forth in 
Sec. 86.108, must be used for all types of emission testing to determine 
compliance with the associated emission standards.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 976, Jan. 
7, 1998]

[[Page 987]]



Sec. 86.1709-99  Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light light-duty trucks.

    (a) Light light-duty trucks certified under the provisions of this 
subpart shall comply with the applicable exhaust emission standards in 
this section. In addition to the exhaust emission standards in this 
section, light light-duty trucks certified under the provisions of this 
subpart shall comply with all applicable emission standards and 
requirements in Sec. 86.097-9 and subsequent model year provisions.
    (1) Light light-duty trucks that meet the exhaust emission standards 
in this section are deemed to be in compliance with all the exhaust 
emission standards in Sec. 86.097-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, except for the emission standards and test procedures for 
total hydrocarbon (THC), particulate matter (PM), and high altitude 
conditions. Diesel light light-duty trucks that meet the PM standard in 
this section are deemed to be in compliance with the PM standards in 
Sec. 86.097-9 and subsequent model year provisions.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b)(1) Standards. (i) Exhaust emissions from 1999 and later model 
year light light-duty trucks classified as TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs shall 
not exceed the standards in Tables R99-8 and R99-9 in rows designated 
with the applicable vehicle emission category and loaded vehicle weight. 
These standards shall apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. The 
tables follow:

 Table R99-8--Intermediate Useful Life (50,000 mile) Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks Classified as
                                             TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Vehicle emission
        Loaded vehicle weight                category             NMOG          CO          NOX          HCHO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3751................................  TLEV..................        0.125          3.4          0.4        0.015
                                      LEV...................        0.075          3.4          0.2        0.015
                                      ULEV..................        0.040          1.7          0.2        0.008
3751-5750...........................  TLEV..................        0.160          4.4          0.7        0.018
                                      LEV...................        0.100          4.4          0.4        0.018
                                      ULEV..................        0.050          2.2          0.4        0.009
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 Table R99-9--Full Useful Life (100,000 mile) Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks Classified as TLEVs,
                                                 LEVs, and ULEVs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                           PM
       Loaded vehicle weight           Vehicle emission       NMOG        CO        NOX        HCHO     (diesels
                                           category                                                      only)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0-3750............................  TLEV.................      0.156        4.2        0.6      0.018       0.08
                                    LEV..................      0.090        4.2        0.3      0.018       0.08
                                    ULEV.................      0.055        2.1        0.3      0.011       0.04
3751-5750.........................  TLEV.................      0.200        5.5        0.9      0.023       0.10
                                    LEV..................      0.130        5.5        0.5      0.023       0.10
                                    ULEV.................      0.070        2.8        0.5      0.013       0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Diesel vehicles. The particulate matter (PM) standards in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section are applicable to diesel vehicles 
only. For diesel vehicles certifying to the standards set forth in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, ``NMOG'' shall mean non-methane 
hydrocarbons.
    (iii) NMOG standards for flexible-fuel and dual-fuel light duty 
trucks. Flexible-fuel and dual-fuel light light-duty trucks shall be 
certified to exhaust emission standards for NMOG established both for 
the operation of the vehicle on an available fuel other than gasoline 
and for the operation of the vehicle on gasoline as specified in 
Sec. 86.1771.
    (A) The applicable NMOG emission standards for flexible-fuel and 
dual-fuel light light-duty trucks when certifying the vehicle for 
operation on fuels other than gasoline shall be the NMOG standards in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.

[[Page 988]]

    (B) The applicable NMOG emission standards for flexible-fuel and 
dual-fuel light light-duty trucks when certifying the vehicle for 
operation on gasoline shall be the NMOG standards in Tables R99-10 and 
R99-11 in the rows designated with the applicable vehicle emission 
category and loaded vehicle weight, as follows:

 Table R99-10--Intermediate Useful Life (50,000 mile) NMOG Standards (g/
 mi) for Flexible-Fuel and Dual-Fuel Light Light-Duty Trucks Classified
                        as TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Loaded
  vehicle                 Vehicle emission category                NMOG
  weight
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    0-3750  TLEV................................................   0.25
            LEV.................................................   0.125
            ULEV................................................   0.075
 3751-5750  TLEV................................................   0.32
            LEV.................................................   0.160
            ULEV................................................   0.100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


 Table R99-11--Full Useful Life (100,000 mile) NMOG Standards (g/mi) for
Flexible-Fuel and Dual-Fuel Light Light-Duty Trucks Classified as TLEVs,
                             LEVs, and ULEVs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Loaded
  vehicle                 Vehicle emission category                NMOG
  weight
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    0-3750  TLEV................................................   0.31
            LEV.................................................   0.156
            ULEV................................................   0.090
 3751-5750  TLEV................................................   0.40
            LEV.................................................   0.200
            ULEV................................................   0.130
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iv) Highway NOX. The maximum projected NOX 
emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR 
part 600, subpart B, shall be not greater than 1.33 times the applicable 
light light-duty truck standards shown in tables R99-8 and R99-9. Both 
the projected emissions and the Highway Fuel Economy Test standard shall 
be rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/mi in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using Significant 
Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications, before 
being compared. These procedures are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (v) Hybrid electric vehicle requirements. Deterioration factors for 
hybrid electric vehicles shall be based on the emissions and mileage 
accumulation of the auxiliary power unit. For certification purposes 
only, Type A hybrid electric vehicles shall demonstrate compliance with 
50,000 mile emission standards (using 50,000 mile deterioration 
factors), and shall not be required to demonstrate compliance with 
100,000 mile emission standards. For certification purposes only, Type B 
hybrid electric vehicles shall demonstrate compliance with 50,000 mile 
emission standards (using 50,000 mile deterioration factors) and 100,000 
mile emission standards (using 75,000 mile deterioration factors). For 
certification purposes only, Type C hybrid electric vehicles shall 
demonstrate compliance with 50,000 mile emission standards (using 50,000 
mile deterioration factors) and 100,000 mile emission standards (using 
100,000 mile deterioration factors).
    (vi) 50 degree F requirements. Light light-duty trucks shall comply 
with the emission standards for NMOG, CO, NOX, and HCHO in 
paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section at 50 degrees F, according to the 
procedure specified in Sec. 86.1773. Hybrid electric vehicles, natural 
gas vehicles, and diesel fueled vehicles are not required to comply with 
the provisions of this paragraph (b)(1)(vi).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) In-use emission standards. (1) 1999 model year light light-duty 
trucks certified as LEVs and 1999 through 2001 model year light light-
duty trucks certified as ULEVs shall meet the applicable intermediate 
and full useful life in-use standards in paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section, according to the following provisions:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) The applicable in-use emission standards for vehicle emission 
categories and model years not shown in Tables R99-12 and R99-13 shall 
be the intermediate and full useful life standards in paragraph (b) of 
this section.
    (2) Light light-duty trucks, including flexible-fuel and dual-fuel 
light light-duty trucks when operated on gasoline and on an available 
fuel other than gasoline, shall meet all intermediate and full useful 
life in-use standards for the applicable vehicle emission category, 
loaded vehicle weight, and model year in Tables R99-12 and R99-13, as 
follows:

[[Page 989]]



    Table R99-12--Intermediate Useful Life (50,000 mile) In-Use Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Loaded
  vehicle           Vehicle emission category         Model year     NMOG         CO          NOX        HCH0
  weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    0-3750  LEV.....................................        1999       0.100         3.4         0.3       0.015
            ULEV....................................   1999-2002       0.055         2.1         0.3       0.008
 3751-5750  LEV.....................................        1999       0.130         4.4         0.5       0.018
            ULEV....................................   1999-2002       0.070         2.8         0.5       0.009
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


        Table R99-13--Full Useful Life (100,000 mile) In-Use Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Loaded
  vehicle           Vehicle emission category         Model year     NMOG         CO          NOX        HCHO
  weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    0-3750  LEV.....................................        1999       0.125         4.2         0.4       0.018
            ULEV....................................   1999-2002       0.075         3.4         0.4       0.011
 3751-5750  LEV.....................................        1999       0.160         5.5         0.7       0.023
            ULEV....................................   1999-2002       0.100         4.4         0.7       0.013
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) NMOG measurement and reactivity adjustment. NMOG emissions shall 
be measured in accordance with Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996). These procedures are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1). NMOG emissions shall be compared to the applicable NMOG 
emissions certification or in-use standard according to the following 
calculation procedures:
    (1) For TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs designed to operate on any fuel other 
than conventional gasoline, and for flexible-fuel and dual-fuel TLEVs, 
LEVs, and ULEVs when operated on a fuel other than gasoline as specified 
in Sec. 86.1771, manufacturers shall multiply NMOG mass exhaust emission 
levels by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor set forth in 
Sec. 86.1777 or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1777. The product of the NMOG exhaust emission levels and the 
reactivity adjustment factor shall be compared to the applicable 
certification or in-use exhaust NMOG mass emission standards established 
for the particular vehicle emission category to determine compliance.
    (2) In addition to multiplying the exhaust NMOG mass emission levels 
by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor, TLEV, LEV, or ULEV 
natural gas vehicles shall multiply the exhaust methane mass emission 
level by the applicable methane reactivity adjustment factor in 
Sec. 86.1777 or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Sec. 86.1777. The reactivity-adjusted NMOG value shall be added to the 
reactivity-adjusted methane value and then the sum shall be compared to 
the applicable certification or in-use exhaust NMOG mass emission 
standards established for the particular vehicle emission category to 
determine compliance.
    (3) The exhaust NMOG mass emission levels for fuel-flexible and 
dual-fuel vehicles when operating on gasoline as specified in 
Sec. 86.1771 shall not be multiplied by a reactivity adjustment factor.
    (e) SFTP Standards. Exhaust emissions from 2001 and later model year 
light light-duty trucks shall meet the additional SFTP standards in this 
paragraph (e) according to the implementation schedules in this 
paragraph (e). The standards set forth in this paragraph (e) refer to 
exhaust emissions emitted over the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure 
(SFTP) as set forth in subpart B of this part and collected and 
calculated in accordance with those procedures.
    (1) Tier 1 vehicles and TLEVs. The SFTP exhaust emission levels from 
new 2001 and subsequent model year light light-duty trucks certified to 
the exhaust emission standards in Sec. 86.099-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent 
model year provisions and light light-duty trucks certified as TLEVs 
shall not exceed the standards in Table R99-14.1, according to the 
implementation schedule in this paragraph (e)(1).

[[Page 990]]



              Table R99-14.1--SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards (g/mi) for Tier 1 Vehicles and TLEVs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             CO
                                                               NMHC + NOX --------------------------------------
         Useful life               Fuel type      LVW (lbs)    composite                              Composite
                                                                             A/C test    US06 test      option
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate.................  Gasoline........       0-3750         0.65          3.0          9.0          3.4
                                 ..............    3751-5750         1.02          3.9         11.6          4.4
                               Diesel..........       0-3750         1.48           NA          9.0          3.4
                                 ..............    3751-5750           NA           NA           NA           NA
Full.........................  Gasoline........       0-3750         0.91          3.7         11.1          4.2
                                 ..............    3751-5750         1.37          4.9         14.6          5.5
                               Diesel..........       0-3750         2.07           NA         11.1          4.2
                                 ..............    3751-5750           NA           NA           NA           NA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) Phase-in requirements--2001 to 2003 model years. For the 
purposes of paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section only, each 
manufacturer's light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall 
be defined as the total projected number of the following types of 
vehicles sold in Calfornia: light-duty vehicles certified to the exhaust 
emission standards in Sec. 86.099-8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and light light-duty trucks certified to the exhaust 
emission standards in Sec. 86.099-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified as TLEVs. As an option, a manufacturer may elect to have its 
total light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet defined, for 
the purposes of this paragraph (e)(1)(i) only, as the total projected 
number of the manufacturer's light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, other than zero emission vehicles, certified and sold in 
California.
    (A) Manufacturers of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, except low volume manufacturers, shall certify a minimum 
percentage of their light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet 
according to the following phase-in schedule:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001....................................................              25
2002....................................................              50
2003....................................................              85
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (B) [Reserved]
    (ii) Phase-in requirements--2004 and later model years. For the 
purposes of paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section only, each 
manufacturer's light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall 
be defined as the total projected number of the following types of 
vehicles sold in the United States: light-duty vehicles certified to the 
exhaust emission standards in Sec. 86.099-8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent 
model year provisions, light light-duty trucks certified to the exhaust 
emission standards in Sec. 86.099-9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year 
provisions, and light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified as TLEVs. As an option, a manufacturer may elect to have its 
total light-duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet defined, for 
the purposes of this paragraph (e)(1)(ii) only, as the total projected 
number of the manufacturer's light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, other than zero emission vehicles, certified and sold in the 
United States.
    (A) In 2004 and subsequent model years, manufacturers of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks, including low volume 
manufacturers, shall certify 100 percent of their light-duty vehicle and 
light light-duty truck

fleet to the standards in this paragraph (e)(1).
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iii) Phase-in requirements--vehicles sold outside California. 
Light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks sold outside California 
shall be certified to the applicable emission standards in this 
paragraph (e) if a vehicle has been certifed to the emission standards 
in this paragraph (e) for sale in California and is identical in the 
following respects:
    (A) Vehicle manufacturer;
    (B) Vehicle make and model;
    (C) Cylinder block configuration (L-6, V-8, and so forth);
    (D) Displacement;
    (E) Combustion cycle;
    (F) Transmission class; and

[[Page 991]]

    (G) Axle ratio.
    (2) LEVs and ULEVs. The SFTP standards in this paragraph (e)(2) 
represent the maximum SFTP exhaust emissions at 4,000 miles =/-250 miles 
or at the mileage determined by the manufacturer for emission data 
vehicles in accordance with Sec. 86.1726. The SFTP exhaust emission 
levels from new 2001 and subsequent model year light light-duty truck 
LEVs and ULEVs shall not exceed the standards in the following table, 
according to the implementation schedule in this paragraph (e)(2).

   Table R99-14.2--SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards (g/mi) for LEVs and
                                  ULEVs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 US06 test                            A/C test
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             NMHC + NOX                CO         NMHC + NOX         CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.25...............................   10.5  0.27.................    3.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) Phase-in requirements--2001 to 2003 model years. For the 
purposes of this paragraph (e)(2)(i) only, each manufacturer's light-
duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall be defined as the 
total projected number of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks certified as LEVs and ULEVs sold in California.
    (A) Manufacturers of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks, except low volume manufacturers, shall certify to the standards 
in this paragraph (e)(2) a minimum percentage of their light-duty 
vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet according to the following 
phase-in schedule:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001.......................................................           25
2002.......................................................           50
2003.......................................................           85
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (B) Manufacturers may use an ``Alternative or Equivalent Phase-in 
Schedule'' to comply with the phase-in requirements. An ``Alternative 
Phase-in'' is one that achieves at least equivalent emission reductions 
by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in. Model-year 
emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of 
vehicles (based on the manufacturer's projected California sales volume 
of the applicable vehicle fleet) meeting the new requirements per model 
year by the number of model years implemented prior to and including the 
last model year of the scheduled phase-in. The ``cumulative total'' is 
the summation of the model-year emission reductions (e.g., a four model-
year 25/50/85/100 percent phase-in schedule would be calculated as: 
(25%*4 years)+(50%*3 years)+(85%*2 years)+(100%*1 year) + 520). Any 
alternative phase-in that results in an equal or larger cumulative total 
than the required cumulative total by the end of the last model year of 
the scheduled phase-in shall be considered acceptable by the 
Administrator under the following conditions: All vehicles subject to 
the phase-in shall comply with the respective requirements in the last 
model year of the required phase-in schedule; and if a manufacturer uses 
the optional phase-in percentage determination in paragraph (e)(1)(i) of 
this section, the cumulative total of model-year emission reductions as 
determined only for light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified to this paragraph (e)(2) must also be equal to or larger than 
the required cumulative total by the end of the 2004 model year. 
Manufacturers shall be allowed to include vehicles introduced before the 
first model year of the scheduled phase-in (e.g., in the previous 
example, 10 percent introduced one year before the scheduled phase-in 
begins would be calculated as: (10%*5 years) and added to the cumulative 
total).
    (ii) Phase-in requirements--2004 and later model years. For the 
purposes of this paragraph (e)(2)(ii) only, each manufacturer's light-
duty vehicle and light light-duty truck fleet shall be defined as the 
total projected number of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks certified as LEVs and ULEVs sold in the United States.
    (A) In 2004 and subsequent model years, manufacturers of light-duty 
vehicles and light light-duty trucks, including low volume 
manufacturers, shall certify 100 percent of their light-duty vehicle and 
light light-duty truck fleet to the standards in this paragraph (e)(2).
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iii) Phase-in requirements--vehicles sold outside California. 
Light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks sold outside California 
shall be certified to the applicable emission standards in

[[Page 992]]

this paragraph (e) if a vehicle has been certifed to the emission 
standards in this paragraph (e) for sale in California and is identical 
in the following respects:
    (A) Vehicle manufacturer;
    (B) Vehicle make and model;
    (C) Cylinder block configuration (L-6, V-8, and so forth);
    (D) Displacement;
    (E) Combustion cycle;
    (F) Transmission class; and
    (G) Axle ratio.
    (3) A/C-on specific calibrations. A/C-on specific calibrations 
(e.g., air to fuel ratio, spark timing, and exhaust gas recirculation), 
may be used which differ from A/C-off calibrations for given engine 
operating conditions (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant 
temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters). Such 
calibrations must not unnecessarily reduce the NMHC+NOX 
emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the vehicle 
is operated under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be 
encountered during normal operation and use. If reductions in control 
system NMHC+NOX effectiveness do occur as a result of such 
calibrations, the manufacturer shall, in the Application for 
Certification, specify the circumstances under which such reductions do 
occur, and the reason for the use of such calibrations resulting in such 
reductions in control system effectiveness. A/C-on specific ``open-
loop'' or ``commanded enrichment'' air-fuel enrichment strategies (as 
defined below), which differ from A/C-off ``open-loop'' or ``commanded 
enrichment'' air-fuel enrichment strategies, may not be used, with the 
following exceptions: Cold-start and warm-up conditions, or, subject to 
Administrator approval, conditions requiring the protection of the 
vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware. Other than 
these exceptions, such strategies which are invoked based on manifold 
pressure, engine speed, throttle position, or other engine parameters 
shall use the same engine parameter criteria for the invoking of this 
air-fuel enrichment strategy and the same degree of enrichment 
regardless of whether the A/C is on or off. ``Open-loop'' or 
``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy is defined as enrichment of 
the air to fuel ratio beyond stoichiometry for the purposes of 
increasing engine power output and the protection of engine or emissions 
control hardware. However, ``closed-loop biasing,'' defined as small 
changes in the air-fuel ratio for the purposes of optimizing vehicle 
emissions or driveability, shall not be considered an ``open-loop'' or 
``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy. In addition, ``transient'' 
air-fuel enrichment strategy (or ``tip-in'' and ``tip-out'' enrichment), 
defined as the temporary use of an air-fuel ratio rich of stoichiometry 
at the beginning or duration of rapid throttle motion, shall not be 
considered an ``open-loop'' or ``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment 
strategy.
    (4) ``Lean-on-cruise'' calibration strategies. (i) In the 
Application for Certification, the manufacturer shall state whether any 
``lean-on-cruise'' strategies are incorporated into the vehicle design. 
A ``lean-on-cruise'' air-fuel calibration strategy is defined as the use 
of an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry, during 
non-deceleration conditions at speeds above 40 mph. ``Lean-on-cruise'' 
air-fuel calibration strategies shall not be employed during vehicle 
operation in normal driving conditions, including A/C usage, unless at 
least one of the following conditions is met:
    (A) Such strategies are substantially employed during the FTP or 
SFTP;
    (B) Such strategies are demonstrated not to significantly reduce 
vehicle NMHC+NOx emission control effectiveness over the 
operating conditions in which they are employed;
    (C) Such strategies are demonstrated to be necessary to protect the 
vehicle occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
    (ii) If the manufacturer proposes to use a ``lean-on-cruise'' 
calibration strategy, the manufacturer shall specify the circumstances 
under which such a calibration would be used, and the reason or reasons 
for the proposed use of such a calibration.
    (iii) The provisions of this paragraph (e)(4) shall not apply to 
vehicles powered by ``lean-burn'' engines or diesel-cycle engines. A 
``lean-burn'' engine is

[[Page 993]]

defined as an Otto-cycle engine designed to run at an air-fuel ratio 
significantly greater than stoichiometry during the large majority of 
its operation.
    (5) Applicability to alternative fuel vehicles. These SFTP standards 
do not apply to vehicles certified on fuels other than gasoline and 
diesel fuel, but the standards do apply to the gasoline and diesel fuel 
operation of flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles.
    (6) Single-roll electric dynamometer requirement. For all vehicles 
certified to the SFTP standards, a single-roll electric dynamometer or a 
dynamometer which produces equivalent results, as set forth in 
Sec. 86.108, must be used for all types of emission testing to determine 
compliance with the associated emission standards.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 979, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1710-99  Fleet average non-methane organic gas exhaust emission standards for light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks.

    (a) Fleet average NMOG standards and compliance. (1) Each 
manufacturer shall certify light-duty vehicles or light light-duty 
trucks to meet the exhaust emission standards in this subpart for TLEVs, 
LEVs, ULEVs, or ZEVs, or the exhaust emission standards of Sec. 86.096-
8(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions or Sec. 86.097-
9(a)(1)(i) and subsequent model year provisions, such that, using the 
applicable intermediate useful life standards, the manufacturer's fleet 
average NMOG values for light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
sold in the applicable region according to the specifications of Tables 
R99-15 and R99-16 are less than or equal to the standards in Tables R99-
15 and R99-16 in the rows designated with the applicable vehicle type, 
loaded vehicle weight, and model year, as follows:

Table R99-15--Fleet Average Non-Methane Organic Gas Standards (g/mi) for
  Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks Sold in the Northeast
                             Trading Region
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Fleet
         Vehicle type           Loaded vehicle    Model year     average
                                    weight                        NMOG
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light light-duty vehicles.....  All...........  1999..........     0.148
                                                2000..........     0.095
and
Light light-duty trucks.......  0-3750........
Light light-duty trucks.......  3751-5750.....  1999..........     0.190
                                                2000..........     0.124
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table R99-16--Fleet Average Non-Methane Organic Gas Standards (g/mi) For
 Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks Sold in the All States
                             Trading Region
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Fleet
         Vehicle type           Loaded vehicle    Model year     average
                                    weight                        NMOG
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light-duty vehicles...........  All...........  2001 and later     0.075
and
Light light-duty trucks.......  0-3750........
Light light-duty trucks.......  3751-5750.....  2001 and later     0.100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2)(i) For the purpose of calculating the HEV contribution factor 
for the fleet average NMOG value, a manufacturer may use adjusted values 
to estimate the contributions of hybrid electric vehicles (or ``HEVs'') 
based on the range of the HEV without the use of the engine. See 
Sec. 86.1702 for definitions of HEV types for purposes of calculating 
adjusted NMOG emissions.
    (ii) For the purpose of calculating fleet average NMOG values, 
vehicles that have no tailpipe emissions but use fuel-fired heaters and 
that are not certified as ZEVs shall be treated as Type A HEV ULEVs.
    (3)(i) Each manufacturer's applicable fleet average NMOG value for 
all light

[[Page 994]]

light-duty trucks from 0-3750 lbs. loaded vehicle weight and light-duty 
vehicles sold in the applicable region according to Tables R99-15 and 
R99-16 shall be calculated in units of g/mi NMOG according to the 
following equation, where the term ``Sold'' means sold in the applicable 
region according to Tables R99-15 and R99-16, and the term ``Vehicles'' 
means light light-duty trucks from 0-3750 lbs loaded vehicle weight and 
light-duty vehicles: (((No. of Vehicles Certified to the Federal Tier 1 
Exhaust Emission Standards and Sold) x (0.25))+((No. of TLEVs Sold 
excluding HEVs) x  (0.125))+((No. of LEVs Sold excluding 
HEVs) x (0.75))+((No. of ULEVs Sold excluding HEVs) x (0.040))+(HEV 
contribution factor))/(Total No. of Vehicles Sold, including ZEVs and 
HEVs).
    (A) For model years 1997 through 2000, ``Vehicles'' in the preceding 
equation shall include California-certified vehicles, including vehicles 
certified to California Tier 1 standards.
    (B) For model years 2001 and later, ``vehicles'' in the preceding 
equation shall not include California-certified vehicles unless they are 
also certified under the National LEV program.
    (ii)(A) ``HEV contribution factor'' shall mean the NMOG emission 
contribution of HEVs to the fleet average NMOG value. The HEV 
contribution factor shall be calculated in units of g/mi as follows, 
where the term ``Sold'' means sold in the applicable region according to 
tables R99-15 and R99-16.
    (B) HEV contribution factor = (((No. of Type A HEV TLEVs Sold)  x  
(0.100)) + ((No. of Type B HEV TLEVs Sold)  x  (0.113)) + ((No. of Type 
C HEV TLEVs Sold)  x  (0.125))) + (((No. of Type A HEV LEVs Sold)  x  
(0.057)) + ((No. of Type B HEV LEVs Sold)  x  (0.066)) + ((No. of Type C 
HEV LEVs Sold)  x  (0.075))) + (((No. of Type A HEV ULEVs Sold)  x  
(0.020)) + ((No. of Type B HEV ULEVs Sold)  x  (0.030)) + ((No. of Type 
C HEV ULEVs Sold)  x  (0.040))).
    (iii)(A) For any model year in which a manufacturer certifies its 
entire fleet of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks from 0-
3750 lbs LVW to intermediate useful life NMOG emission standards 
specified in Secs. 86.1708 and 86.1709 that are less than or equal to 
the applicable fleet average NMOG standard specified in Tables R99-15 
and R99-16, the manufacturer may elect not to calculate a fleet average 
NMOG value for such vehicles for that model year.
    (B) The fleet average NMOG value for a manufacturer electing under 
paragraph (a)(3)(iii)(A) of this section not to calculate a fleet 
average NMOG value shall be deemed to be the applicable fleet average 
NMOG standard specified in Table R99-15 or R99-16 for the applicable 
model year.
    (C) A manufacturer making the election under paragraph 
(a)(3)(iii)(A) of this section may not generate credits for that model 
year for light light-duty trucks from 0-3750 lbs LVW and light-duty 
vehicles.
    (4)(i) Each manufacturer's applicable fleet average NMOG value for 
all light light-duty trucks from 3751-5750 lbs loaded vehicle weight 
sold in the applicable region according to Tables R99-15 and R99-16 
shall be calculated in units of g/mi NMOG according to the following 
equation, where the term ``Sold'' means sold in the applicable region 
according to Tables R97-15 and R97-16, and the term ``Vehicles'' means 
light light-duty trucks from 3751-5750 lbs loaded vehicle weight: (((No. 
of Vehicles Certified to the Federal Tier 1 Exhaust Emission Standards 
and Sold) x (0.32))+((No. of TLEVs Sold excluding HEVs)  x  (0.160)) + 
((No. of LEVs Sold excluding HEVs) x (0.100)) + (No. of ULEVs Sold 
excluding HEVs) x (0.050))+(HEV Contribution factor)) / (Total No. of 
Vehicles Sold, including ZEVs and HEVs).
    (A) For model years 1997 through 2000, ``Vehicles'' in the preceding 
equation shall include California-certified vehicles, including vehicles 
certified to California Tier 1 standards.
    (B) For model years 2001 and later, ``Vehicles'' in the preceding 
equation shall not include California-certified vehicles unless they are 
also certified under the National LEV program.
    (ii)(A) ``HEV contribution factor'' shall mean the NMOG emission 
contribution of HEVs to the fleet average NMOG. The HEV contribution 
factor shall be calculated in units of g/mi as follows, where the term 
``Sold'' means sold in the applicable region according to tables R99-15 
and R99-16.

[[Page 995]]

    (B) HEV contribution factor=(((No. of Type A HEV TLEVs Sold)  x  
(0.130)) + ((No. of Type B HEV TLEVs Sold)  x  (0.145)) + ((No. of Type 
C HEV TLEVs Sold)  x  (0.160))) + (((No. of Type A HEV LEVs Sold)  x  
(0.075)) + ((No. of Type B HEV LEVs Sold)  x  (0.087)) + ((No. of Type C 
HEV LEVs Sold)  x  (0.100))) + (((No. of Type A HEV ULEVs Sold)  x  
(0.025)) + ((No. of Type B HEV ULEVs Sold)  x  (0.037)) + ((No. of Type 
C HEV ULEVs Sold)  x  (0.050))).
    (iii)(A) For any model year in which a manufacturer certifies its 
entire fleet of light light-duty trucks from 3751-5750 lbs LVW to 
intermediate useful life NMOG emission standards specified in 
Sec. 86.1709 that are less than or equal to the applicable fleet average 
NMOG requirements specified in Tables R99-15 and R99-16, the 
manufacturer may elect not to calculate a fleet average NMOG value for 
such vehicles for that model year.
    (B) The fleet average NMOG value for a manufacturer electing under 
paragraph (a)(4)(iii)(A) of this section not to calculate a fleet 
average NMOG value shall be deemed to be the applicable fleet average 
NMOG standard specified in Table R99-15 or R99-16 for the applicable 
model year.
    (5)(i) The calculation of the fleet average NMOG value pursuant to 
paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(4) of this section shall exclude ATVs, as 
defined in Sec. 86.1702, purchased in the NTR by state governments. In 
determining the quantity of vehicles to be excluded from the NMOG 
calculations, a manufacturer shall only be required to exclude vehicles 
that are reported by the purchasing government in a timely letter, 
containing adequate information, directed to the representative of the 
manufacturer listed in the manufacturer's application for certification. 
Such letter shall be considered timely only if it is received no later 
than February 1 of the calendar year following the model year of the 
purchased vehicles.
    (ii) Adequate information includes the number of vehicles purchased, 
vehicle makes and models, and the associated engine families. A copy of 
the letter should be sent to: Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance 
Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann 
Arbor, Michigan, 48105.
    (6) For any model year prior to model year 2001 for which a 
manufacturer meets the definition of ``low volume manufacturer'' in 
Sec. 86.1702, it shall be exempt from the requirements in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section. The requirements in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section applicable to the 2001 and later model years shall apply to low 
volume manufacturers.
    (b) Fleet average NMOG credit and debit calculations. (1) For each 
averaging set, as defined in Sec. 86.1702, manufacturers that achieve 
fleet average NMOG values lower than the fleet average NMOG standard for 
the corresponding model year may generate credits.
    (2) For each averaging set, manufacturers that obtain applicable 
fleet average NMOG values exceeding the fleet average NMOG standard for 
the corresponding model year shall generate debits.
    (3) For each averaging set, credits and debits are to be calculated 
according to the following equation and rounded, in accordance with the 
Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for 
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications, which is incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1), to 
the nearest whole number (intermediate calculations will not be 
rounded): Number of Credits/Debits = (((Applicable Fleet Average NMOG 
Standard) - (Manufacturer's Applicable Fleet Average NMOG Value))  x  
(Applicable Production)).
    (4) For each applicable region and model year, a manufacturer's 
available credits or level of debits shall be the sum of credits or 
debits derived from the respective class A and class B averaging sets 
for that region and model year. Paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(C) of this section 
contains a special provision for manufacturers that end model year 2000 
with a debit balance in the NTR.
    (c) Intermediate in-use emission standards. (1) Only credits 
generated in the NTR may be used to offset NMOG debits incurred in the 
NTR. Manufacturers may use in the ASTR credits generated in the NTR.

[[Page 996]]

    (2) Only after credits are earned may they be used, traded, or 
carried over to another model year. Before trading or carrying over 
credits to the next model year, a manufacturer must apply available 
credits to offset any of its debits from the same region, where the 
deadline to offset such debits has not yet passed.
    (3) Credits earned in any given model year shall retain full value 
through the subsequent model year.
    (4) Unused credits that are available at the end of the second, 
third, and fourth model years after the model year in which the credits 
were generated shall be discounted to 50%, 25%, and 0% of the original 
value of the credits, respectively. The discounting of credits also 
applies to credits transferred to other parties.
    (5) Credits may not be used to remedy any nonconformities determined 
by a Selective Enforcement Audit, recall testing, or testing performed 
with respect to Title 13, Chapter 2, Articles 1 and 2 of the California 
Code of Regulations.
    (6) Prior to model year 2001, low volume manufacturers may earn 
credits in the NTR to transfer to other motor vehicle manufacturers for 
use in the NTR or the ASTR, or to bank for their own use in the ASTR. 
Such credits will be calculated as set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) 
of this section, except that the applicable fleet average NMOG standard 
shall be 0.25 g/mi NMOG for the averaging set for light light-duty 
trucks from 0-3750 lbs LVW and light-duty vehicles or 0.32 g/mi NMOG for 
the averaging set for light light-duty trucks from 3751-5750 lbs LVW. 
Credits shall be discounted in accordance with the provisions in 
paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
    (7) Prior to model year 2001, manufacturers may earn credits in the 
ASTR states that are not in the NTR and may bank those credits for use 
in the ASTR. Such credits will be calculated as set forth in paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section, except that the applicable fleet average 
NMOG standard shall be 0.25 g/mi NMOG for the averaging set for light 
light-duty trucks from 0-3750 lbs LVW and light-duty vehicles or 0.32 g/
mi NMOG for the averaging set for light light-duty trucks from 3751-5750 
lbs LVW, and ``sold'' shall mean sold in the ASTR states that are not in 
the NTR.
    (i) Emission credits earned in the ASTR states outside the NTR prior 
to model year 2001 shall be treated as generated in model year 2001.
    (ii) In the 2001 model year, a one-time discount rate of 10 percent 
shall be applied to all credits earned under the provisions of this 
paragraph (c)(7).
    (iii) These credits shall be discounted in accordance with the 
provisions in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
    (8) Manufacturers may earn and bank credits in the NTR for model 
years 1997 and 1998. In states without a Section 177 Program effective 
in model year 1997 or 1998, such credits will be calculated as set forth 
in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, except that the applicable 
fleet average NMOG standard shall be 0.200 g/mi NMOG for the averaging 
set for light light-duty trucks from 0-3750 lbs LVW and light-duty 
vehicles or 0.256 g/mi NMOG for the averaging set for light light-duty 
trucks from 3751-5750 lbs LVW. In states that opt into National LEV and 
have a Section 177 Program effective in model year 1997 or 1998, such 
credits will equal the unused credits earned in those states.
    (i) Emissions credits earned in the NTR prior to the 1999 model year 
shall be treated as generated in the 1999 model year.
    (ii) In the 1999 model year, a one-time discount rate of 10 percent 
shall be applied to all credits earned under the provisions of this 
paragraph (c)(8).
    (iii) These credits shall be discounted in accordance with the 
provisions in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
    (9) There are no property rights associated with credits generated 
under the provisions of this section. Credits are a limited 
authorization to emit the designated amount of emissions. Nothing in the 
regulations or any other provision of law should be construed to limit 
EPA's authority to terminate or limit this authorization through a 
rulemaking. If EPA were to terminate or limit the authorization to emit 
associated with emissions credits generated under the provisions of this 
section, this paragraph (c)(9) would have no effect on manufacturers' 
ability to opt

[[Page 997]]

out of the National LEV program pursuant to Sec. 86.1707.
    (d) Fleet average NMOG debits. (1) Manufacturers shall offset any 
debits for a given model year by the fleet average NMOG reporting 
deadline for the model year following the model year in which the debits 
were generated. Manufacturers may offset debits by generating credits or 
acquiring credits generated by another manufacturer. Only credits 
generated in the NTR may be used to offset NMOG debits generated in the 
NTR.
    (2) The provisions of this paragraph (d)(2) apply only when a 
manufacturer has a debit balance in the NTR at the end of model year 
2000. Manufacturers shall offset any debits incurred in the NTR for 
model year 2000 by the fleet average NMOG reporting deadline for model 
year 2001.
    (i) A manufacturer may offset debits generated in the NTR in model 
year 2000 either by generating credits in the NTR in model year 2001 or 
by applying NTR credits acquired under the provisions of this section.
    (ii) If a manufacturer has a debit balance in the NTR at the end of 
model year 2000, then such manufacturer shall be required to calculate 
fleet average NMOG values for both the NTR and the ASTR for model year 
2001.
    (A) The NTR values shall be calculated according to paragraphs (a) 
and (b) of this section, with the fleet average NMOG standards equal to 
the standards for model year 2001 in the ASTR.
    (B) If such a manufacturer has a credit balance in the NTR for model 
year 2001, before trading or carrying over credits to the next model 
year, the manufacturer must apply available NTR credits to offset its 
debits in the NTR.
    (C) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(4) of this section, for the ASTR 
and model year 2001, such a manufacturer's available credits or level of 
debits shall be the sum of credits or debits derived from the respective 
class A and class B averaging sets for the ASTR and model year 2001, 
minus any credits used pursuant to paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(B).
    (iii) To transfer a credit as an NTR credit earned in model year 
2001, a manufacturer must have credits generated in the NTR based on 
separate fleet average NMOG values calculated for the NTR in model year 
2001. In addition, the number of model year 2001 NTR credits available 
for a manufacturer to transfer cannot exceed the manufacturer's 
available number of model year 2001 ASTR credits. Any transferred model 
year 2001 NTR credits shall be deducted from the manufacturer's 
available model year 2001 ASTR credits.
    (3)(i) Failure to meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) through 
(d) of this section within the required timeframe for offsetting debits 
will be considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which 
the certificate(s) was issued and the individual noncomplying vehicles 
not covered by the certificate shall be determined according to this 
section.
    (ii) If debits are not offset within the specified time period, the 
number of vehicles not meeting the fleet average NMOG standards and not 
covered by the certificate shall be calculated by dividing the total 
amount of debits for the model year by the fleet average NMOG standard 
applicable for the model year and averaging set in which the debits were 
first incurred. If both averaging sets are in debit, any applicable 
credits will first be allocated between the averaging sets according to 
the manufacturer's expressed preferences. Then, the number of vehicles 
not covered by the certificate shall be calculated using the revised 
debit values.
    (iii) EPA will determine the vehicles for which the condition on the 
certificate was not satisfied by designating vehicles in those engine 
families with the highest certification NMOG emission values first and 
continuing until a number of vehicles equal to the calculated number of 
noncomplying vehicles as determined above is reached. If this 
calculation determines that only a portion of vehicles in an engine 
family contribute to the debit situation, then EPA will designate actual 
vehicles in that engine family as not covered by the certificate, 
starting with the last vehicle produced and counting backwards.
    (4) If a manufacturer opts out of the National LEV program pursuant 
to

[[Page 998]]

Sec. 86.1707, the manufacturer continues to be responsible for 
offsetting any debits outstanding on the effective date of the opt-out 
within the required time period. Any failure to offset the debits will 
be considered to be a violation of paragraph (d)(1) of this section and 
may subject the manufacturer to an enforcement action for sale of 
vehicles not covered by a certificate, pursuant to paragraph (d)(2) of 
this section.
    (5) For purposes of calculating tolling of the statute of 
limitations, a violation of the requirements of paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section, a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which a certificate(s) 
was issued and hence a sale of vehicles not covered by the certificate, 
all occur upon the expiration of the deadline for offsetting debits 
specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (e) NMOG credit transfers. (1) EPA may reject NMOG credit transfers 
if the involved manufacturers fail to submit the credit transfer 
notification in the annual report.
    (2) A manufacturer may not sell credits that are not available for 
sale pursuant to the provisions in paragraphs (c)(2) or (d)(2) of this 
section.
    (3) Except in instances of fraud on the part of the credit 
recipient, where a manufacturer sells credits that were not available 
for sale, the credits shall be treated as valid, and the manufacturer 
that sold the credits shall be liable for any resulting shortfall.
    (4)(i) If a manufacturer transfers a credit that it has not 
generated pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section or acquired from 
another party, the manufacturer will be considered to have generated a 
debit in the model year that the manufacturer transferred the credit. 
The manufacturer must offset such debits by the deadline for the annual 
report for that same model year.
    (ii) Failure to offset the debits within the required time period 
will be considered a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate(s) was issued and will be addressed pursuant to paragraph 
(d)(3) of this section.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 983, Jan. 
7, 1998]

    Effective Date Note: At 62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997, subpart R was 
added, effective Aug. 5, 1997. Section 86.1710-99(a) contains 
information collection requirements and will not become effective until 
approval has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.



Sec. 86.1711-99  Limitations on sale of Tier 1 vehicles and TLEVs; five percent cap.

    (a) In the 2001 and subsequent model years, manufacturers may sell 
Tier 1 vehicles and TLEVs in the NTR only if vehicles with the same 
engine families are certified and offered for sale in California in the 
same model year, except as provided under Sec. 86.1705(e)(4).
    (b) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 985, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1712-99  Maintenance of records; submittal of information.

    (a) Maintenance of records. (1) The manufacturer producing any 
light-duty vehicles and/or light light-duty trucks subject to the 
provisions in this subpart shall establish, maintain, and retain the 
following information in adequately organized and indexed records for 
each averaging set of each model year:
    (i) Model year;
    (ii) Averaging set;
    (iii) Fleet average NMOG value achieved; and
    (iv) All values used in calculating the fleet average NMOG value 
achieved.
    (2) The manufacturer producing any light-duty vehicles and/or light 
light-duty trucks subject to the provisions in this subpart shall 
establish, maintain, and retain the following information in adequately 
organized and indexed records for each vehicle or truck subject to this 
subpart:
    (i) Model year;
    (ii) Averaging set;
    (iii) EPA engine family, or if applicable for model year 1999 or 
2000, the California engine family;
    (iv) Assembly plant;
    (v) Vehicle identification number;
    (vi) NMOG standard to which the vehicle or truck is certified; and
    (vii) Information on the point of first sale, including the 
purchaser, city, and state.
    (3) The manufacturer shall retain all records required to be 
maintained under this section for a period of eight years from the due 
date for the annual report. Records may be retained as

[[Page 999]]

hard copy or reduced to microfilm, ADP diskettes, and so forth, 
depending on the manufacturer's record retention procedure; provided, 
that in every case all information contained in the hard copy is 
retained.
    (4) Nothing in this section limits the Administrator's discretion to 
require the manufacturer to retain additional records or submit 
information not specifically required by this section.
    (5) Pursuant to a request made by the Administrator, the 
manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator the information that the 
manufacturer is required to retain.
    (6) EPA may void ab initio a certificate of conformity for a vehicle 
certified to National LEV certification standards as set forth or 
otherwise referenced in Sec. 86.1708 or Sec. 86.1709 for which the 
manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or to 
provide such information to the Administrator upon request.
    (b) Reporting. (1) Each covered manufacturer shall submit an annual 
report. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the 
annual report shall contain, for each averaging set, the fleet average 
NMOG value achieved, all values required to calculate the NMOG value, 
the number of credits generated or debits incurred, and all the values 
required to calculate the credits or debits. For each applicable region 
(NTR and ASTR), the annual report shall contain the resulting balance of 
credits or debits.
    (2) When a manufacturer calculates compliance with the fleet average 
NMOG standards using the provisions in Sec. 86.1710(a)(3)(iii) or 
Sec. 86.1710(a)(4)(iii), then the annual report shall state that the 
manufacturer has elected to use such provision and shall contain, for 
each averaging set, the fleet average NMOG values as specified in 
Sec. 86.1710(a)(3)(iii) or Sec. 86.1710(a)(4)(iii).
    (3) The annual report shall also include documentation on all credit 
transactions the manufacturer has engaged in since those included in the 
last report. Information for each transaction shall include:
    (i) Name of credit provider;
    (ii) Name of credit recipient;
    (iii) Date the transfer occurred;
    (iv) Quantity of credits transferred;
    (v) Model year in which the credits were earned; and
    (vi) Region (NTR or ASTR) to which the credits belong.
    (4) Unless a manufacturer reports the data required by this section 
in the annual production report required under Sec. 86.085-37(b) and 
subsequent model year provisions, a manufacturer shall submit an annual 
report for each model year after production ends for all affected 
vehicles and trucks produced by the manufacturer subject to the 
provisions of this subpart and no later than May 1 of the calendar year 
following the given model year. Annual reports shall be submitted to: 
Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105.
    (5) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the annual report in the 
specified time period for all vehicles and trucks subject to the 
provisions in this section is a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the 
Clean Air Act for each subject vehicle and truck produced by that 
manufacturer.
    (6) If EPA or the manufacturer determines that a reporting error 
occurred on an annual report previously submitted to EPA, the 
manufacturer's credit or debit calculations will be recalculated. EPA 
may void erroneous credits, unless transferred, and shall adjust 
erroneous debits. In the case of transferred erroneous credits, EPA 
shall adjust the manufacturer's credit or debit balance to reflect the 
sale of such credits and any resulting generation of debits.
    (c) Notice of opportunity for hearing. Any voiding of the 
certificate under paragraph (a)(6) of this section will be made only 
after EPA has offered the manufacturer concerned an opportunity for a 
hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.614 for light-duty vehicles 
or Sec. 86.1014 for light-duty trucks and, if a manufacturer requests 
such a hearing, will be made only after an initial decision by the 
Presiding Officer.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 985, Jan. 
7, 1998]

    Effective Date Note: At 62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997, subpart R was 
added, effective Aug. 5, 1997. Section 86.1712-99 contains information 
collection requirements and will not become

[[Page 1000]]

effective until approval has been given by the Office of Management and 
Budget.



Sec. 86.1713-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1713-99  Light-duty exhaust durability programs.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.094-13 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, except that: Section 86.094-13(f) and 
subsequent model year provisions does not apply to this subpart.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 986, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1714-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1714-99  Small volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.096-14 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, except that: Section 86.096-
14(c)(7)(i)(A) and subsequent model year provisions does not apply to 
this subpart.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 986, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1715-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1715-99  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1716-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1716-99  Prohibition of defeat devices.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-16 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart.
    (b) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 986, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1717-01  Emission control diagnostic system for 1999 and later light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.1806-01 and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart.
    (b) The requirements in Chapter 6 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996) (these requirements are incorporated by reference; see 
Sec. 86.1) apply to this subpart.
    (c) No vehicle shall be certified under the provisions of this 
subpart unless such vehicle complies with the requirements of section 
202(m) (1), (2), (4), and (5) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521(m) 
(1), (2), (4) and (5)).

[64 FR 23923, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1717-99  Emission control diagnostic system for 1999 and later light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-17 and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart.
    (b) The requirements in Chapter 6 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996) (these requirements are incorporated by reference; see 
Sec. 86.1) apply to this subpart.
    (c) No vehicle shall be certified under the provisions of this 
subpart unless such vehicle complies with the requirements of section 
202(m)(1), (2), (4), and (5) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521(m)(1), 
(2), (4) and (5)).

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 986, Jan. 7, 1998]



Secs. 86.1718-99--86.1720-99  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1721-01  Application for certification.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.1844-01 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following additions to the 
part 1 and part 2 applications:
    (a) For TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs not certified exclusively on 
gasoline, projected U.S. sales data and fuel economy data 19 months 
prior to January 1 of the calendar year with the same numerical 
designation as the model year for which the vehicles are certified, and 
projected U.S. sales data for all vehicles, regardless of operating fuel 
or vehicle emission category, sufficient to enable the Administrator to 
select a test fleet representative of the vehicles (or engines) for 
which certification is requested at the time of certification.
    (b) For ZEVs and hybrid electric vehicles, the certification part 1 
application shall include the following:
    (1) Identification and description of the vehicle(s) covered by the 
application.

[[Page 1001]]

    (2) Identification of the vehicle weight category to which the 
vehicle is certifying: LDV, LDT 0-3750 lbs LVW, LDT 3751-5750 lbs LVW 
(state test weight range), and the curb weight and gross vehicle weight 
rating of the vehicle.
    (3) Identification and description of the propulsion system for the 
vehicle.
    (4) Identification and description of the climate control system 
used on the vehicle.
    (5) Projected number of vehicles sold in the U.S., and projected 
U.S. sales.
    (6) For electric and hybrid electric vehicles, identification of the 
energy usage in kilowatt-hours per mile from the point when electricity 
is introduced from the electrical outlet and the operating range in 
miles of the vehicle when tested in accordance with the All-Electric 
Range Test provisions in Sec. 86.1770.
    (7) If the vehicle is equipped with a fuel fired heater, a 
description of the control system logic of the fuel fired heater, 
including an evaluation of the conditions under which the fuel fired 
heater can be operated and an evaluation of the possible operational 
modes and conditions under which evaporative emissions can exist. 
Vehicles which utilize fuel fired heaters which can be operated at 
ambient temperatures above 40 deg. F or which cannot be demonstrated to 
have zero evaporative emissions under any and all possible operation 
modes and conditions shall not be certified as ZEVs.
    (8) For ZEVs and HEVs which use fuel fired heaters, the manufacturer 
shall provide the exhaust emissions value per mile produced by the 
auxiliary fuel fired heater. This shall be accomplished by determining 
heater emissions in grams per minute when operating at a maximum heating 
capacity for a period of 20 minutes, and multiplying that number by 3.6 
minutes per mile. At the time of certification, manufacturers shall 
submit their test plan which describes the procedure used to determine 
the mass emissions of the fuel fired heater.
    (9) All information necessary for proper and safe operation of the 
vehicle, including information on the safe handling of the battery 
system, emergency procedures to follow in the event of battery leakage 
or other malfunctions that may affect the safety of the vehicle operator 
or laboratory personnel, method for determining battery state-of-charge, 
battery charging capacity and recharging procedures, and any other 
relevant information as determined by the Administrator.
    (c) For all vehicles subject to the provisions of Sec. 86.1717, with 
its part 1 application for certification a description of the 
malfunction and diagnostic system to be installed on the vehicles. (The 
vehicles shall not be certified unless the Administrator finds that the 
malfunction and diagnostic system complies with the requirements of 
Sec. 86.1717.).
    (d) The comprehensive list of test results and the applicable 
certification levels required under Sec. 86.1844-01(d)(7) shall include 
the following information:
    (1) For all TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs certifying on a fuel other than 
conventional gasoline, manufacturers shall multiply the NMOG exhaust 
certification level for each emission-data vehicle by the appropriate 
reactivity adjustment factor listed in Sec. 86.1777(d)(2)(i) or 
established by the Administrator pursuant to Appendix XVII of this part 
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable NMOG emission standard. 
For all TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs certifying on natural gas, manufacturers 
shall multiply the NMOG exhaust certification level for each emission-
data vehicle by the appropriate reactivity adjustment factor listed in 
Sec. 86.1777(d)(2)(i) or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Appendix XVII of this part and add that value to the product of the 
methane exhaust certification level for each emission-data vehicle and 
the appropriate methane reactivity adjustment factor listed in 
Sec. 86.1777(d)(2)(ii) or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Appendix XVII of this part to demonstrate compliance with the applicable 
NMOG emission standard. Manufacturers requesting to certify to existing 
standards utilizing an adjustment factor unique to its vehicle/fuel 
system must follow the data requirements described in Appendix XVII of 
this part. A separate formaldehyde exhaust certification level shall 
also be provided for demonstrating compliance

[[Page 1002]]

with emission standards for formaldehyde.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) Manufacturers shall submit the standard phase-in compliance 
information required in Sec. 86.1844-01 (d)(13) and (e)(4) with respect 
to the applicable standards of the subpart.
    (f) For each engine family certified to TLEV, LEV, or ULEV 
standards, manufacturers shall submit with the certification 
application, an engineering evaluation demonstrating that a 
discontinuity in emissions of non-methane organic gases, carbon 
monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and formaldehyde measured on the Federal 
Test Procedure (subpart B of this part) does not occur in the 
temperature range of 20 to 86 deg F. For diesel vehicles, the 
engineering evaluation shall also include particulate emissions.

[64 FR 23923, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1721-99  Application for certification.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.096-21 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following exceptions and 
additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-21(b)(2) and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall instead 
apply to this subpart:
    (1) For TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs not certified exclusively on 
gasoline, projected U.S. sales data and fuel economy data 19 months 
prior to January 1 of the calendar year with the same numerical 
designation as the model year for which the vehicles are certified, and 
projected U.S. sales data for all vehicles, regardless of operating fuel 
or vehicle emission category, sufficient to enable the Administrator to 
select a test fleet representative of the vehicles (or engines) for 
which certification is requested at the time of certification.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) For ZEVs and hybrid electric vehicles, the certification 
application shall include the following:
    (1) Identification and description of the vehicle(s) covered by the 
application.
    (2) Identification of the vehicle weight category to which the 
vehicle is certifying: LDV, LDT 0-3750 lbs LVW, LDT 3751-5750 lbs LVW 
(state test weight range), and the curb weight and gross vehicle weight 
rating of the vehicle.
    (3) Identification and description of the propulsion system for the 
vehicle.
    (4) Identification and description of the climate control system 
used on the vehicle.
    (5) Projected number of vehicles sold in the U.S., and projected 
U.S. sales.
    (6) For electric and hybrid electric vehicles, identification of the 
energy usage in kilowatt-hours per mile from the point when electricity 
is introduced from the electrical outlet and the operating range in 
miles of the vehicle when tested in accordance with the All-Electric 
Range Test provisions in Sec. 86.1770.
    (7) If the vehicle is equipped with a fuel fired heater, a 
description of the control system logic of the fuel fired heater, 
including an evaluation of the conditions under which the fuel fired 
heater can be operated and an evaluation of the possible operational 
modes and conditions under which evaporative emissions can exist. 
Vehicles which utilize fuel fired heaters which can be operated at 
ambient temperatures above 40  deg.F or which cannot be demonstrated to 
have zero evaporative emissions under any and all possible operation 
modes and conditions shall not be certified as ZEVs.
    (8) For ZEVs and HEVs which use fuel fired heaters, the manufacturer 
shall provide the exhaust emissions value per mile produced by the 
auxiliary fuel fired heater. This shall be accomplished by determining 
heater emissions in grams per minute when operating at a maximum heating 
capacity for a period of 20 minutes, and multiplying that number by 3.6 
minutes per mile. At the time of certification, manufacturers shall 
submit their test plan which describes the procedure used to determine 
the mass emissions of the fuel fired heater.
    (9) All information necessary for proper and safe operation of the 
vehicle, including information on the safe handling of the battery 
system, emergency procedures to follow in the event of battery leakage 
or other malfunctions that may affect the safety of the

[[Page 1003]]

vehicle operator or laboratory personnel, method for determining battery 
state-of-charge, battery charging capacity and recharging procedures, 
and any other relevant information as determined by the Administrator.
    (c) For all vehicles subject to the provisions of Sec. 86.1717, with 
its application for certification a description of the malfunction and 
diagnostic system to be installed on the vehicles. (The vehicles shall 
not be certified unless the Administrator finds that the malfunction and 
diagnostic system complies with the requirements of Sec. 86.1717.).

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 986, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1722-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1722-99  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1723-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1723-99  Required data.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.096-23 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following exceptions and 
additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-23(c)(1) and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following addition:
    (1) For all TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs certifying on a fuel other than 
conventional gasoline, manufacturers shall multiply the NMOG exhaust 
certification level for each emission-data vehicle by the appropriate 
reactivity adjustment factor listed in Sec. 86.1777(d)(2)(i) or 
established by the Administrator pursuant to Appendix XVII of this part 
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable NMOG emission standard. 
For all TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs certifying on natural gas, manufacturers 
shall multiply the NMOG exhaust certification level for each emission-
data vehicle by the appropriate reactivity adjustment factor listed in 
Sec. 86.1777(d)(2)(i) or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Appendix XVII of this part and add that value to the product of the 
methane exhaust certification level for each emission-data vehicle and 
the appropriate methane reactivity adjustment factor listed in 
Sec. 86.1777(d)(2)(ii) or established by the Administrator pursuant to 
Appendix XVII of this part to demonstrate compliance with the applicable 
NMOG emission standard. Manufacturers requesting to certify to existing 
standards utilizing an adjustment factor unique to its vehicle/fuel 
system must follow the data requirements described in Appendix XVII of 
this part. A separate formaldehyde exhaust certification level shall 
also be provided for demonstrating compliance with emission standards 
for formaldehyde.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-23(l) introductory text and 
subsequent model year provisions do not apply to this subpart. The 
following shall instead apply to this subpart:
    (1) Additionally, manufacturers certifying vehicles shall submit for 
each model year 2001 through 2004 light-duty vehicle and light light-
duty truck engine family, the information listed in Sec. 86.096-23(l)(1) 
and (2). If applicable, manufacturers shall also submit ``Alternative or 
Equivalent Phase-in Schedules'' before or during calendar year 2001 for 
light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) In addition to the provisions of Sec. 86.096-23 and subsequent 
model year provisions, the following requirements shall apply to this 
subpart:
    (1) For each engine family certified to TLEV, LEV, or ULEV 
standards, manufacturers shall submit with the certification 
application, an engineering evaluation demonstrating that a 
discontinuity in emissions of non-methane organic gases, carbon 
monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and formaldehyde measured on the Federal 
Test Procedure (subpart B of this part) does not occur in the 
temperature range of 20 to 86 deg F. For diesel vehicles, the 
engineering evaluation shall also include particulate emissions.
    (2) [Reserved]

[63 FR 986, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1724-01  Emission data vehicle selection.

    (a) [Reserved]
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.1828-01 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart with the following additions:

[[Page 1004]]

    (1) For TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs, and ZEVs certifying according to the 
provisions of this subpart, a manufacturer may substitute emission data 
vehicles selected by the California Air Resources Board criteria instead 
of using the criteria specified in Secs. 86.1828-01(a) through (d) and 
subsequent model year provisions.
    (2) For vehicles certified to the SFTP exhaust emission standards, 
if air conditioning is projected to be available on any vehicles within 
the engine family, the selection of engine codes will be limited 
selections which have air conditioning available and would require that 
any vehicle selected under this section has air conditioning installed 
and operational.

[64 FR 23924, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1724-99  Test vehicles and engines.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.096-24 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following exceptions and 
additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-24(a)(1) and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following addition:
    (1) All engines classified in the same engine family shall be 
certified to identical exhaust emission standards.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-24(b) and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart with the following additions:
    (1) For TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs, and ZEVs certifying according to the 
provisions of this subpart, a manufacturer may substitute emission data 
vehicles selected by the California Air Resources Board criteria instead 
of using the criteria specified in Sec. 86.096-24(b)(1) (i), (ii), and 
(iv) and subsequent model year provisions.
    (2) For vehicles certified to the SFTP exhaust emission standards, 
if air conditioning is projected to be available on any vehicles within 
the engine family, the selection of engine codes will be limited 
selections which have air conditioning available and would require that 
any vehicle selected under this section has air conditioning installed 
and operational.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 986, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1725-01  Allowable maintenance.

    This section includes text that specifies requirements that differ 
from Sec. 86.1725-99. Where a paragraph in Sec. 86.1725-99 is identical 
and applicable to this section, this may be indicated by specifying the 
corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see 
Sec. 86.1725-99.'' The provisions of Sec. 86.1834-01 and subsequent 
model year provisions apply to this subpart, with the following 
additions:
    (a) Hybrid electric vehicles that use Otto-cycle or diesel engines 
are subject to the applicable Otto-cycle or diesel engine maintenance 
requirements of Sec. 86.1834-01(b) through (e) and subsequent model year 
provisions.
    (b) through (c) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.1725-99.
    (d) When air conditioning SFTP exhaust emission tests are required, 
the manufacturer must document that the vehicle's air conditioning 
system is operating properly and in a representative condition. Required 
air conditioning system maintenance is performed as unscheduled 
maintenance that does not require the Administrator's approval.

[64 FR 23924, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1725-99  Maintenance.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.094-25 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following additions:
    (a) Hybrid electric vehicles that use Otto-cycle or diesel engines 
are subject to the applicable Otto-cycle or diesel engine maintenance 
requirements of Sec. 86.094-25 (b) through (e) and subsequent model year 
provisions.
    (b) Manufacturers of series hybrid electric vehicles and parallel 
hybrid electric vehicles shall be required to incorporate into the 
vehicles a separate odometer or other device subject to the approval of 
the Administrator that can accurately gauge the mileage accumulation on 
the engines that are used in these vehicles.

[[Page 1005]]

    (c)(1) The manufacturer shall equip the vehicle with a maintenance 
indicator consisting of a light that shall activate automatically by 
illuminating the first time the minimum performance level is observed 
for all battery system components. Possible battery system components 
requiring monitoring are:
    (i) Battery water level;
    (ii) Temperature control;
    (iii) Pressure control;
    (iv) Other parameters critical for determining battery condition.
    (2) The manufacturer of a hybrid electric vehicle shall equip the 
vehicle with a useful life indicator for the battery system consisting 
of a light that shall illuminate the first time the battery system is 
unable to achieve an all-electric operating range (starting from a full 
state-of-charge) that is at least 75% of the range determined for the 
vehicle in the All-Electric Range Test (see Sec. 86.1770) and submitted 
in the certification application.
    (3) Hybrid electric vehicle battery system. Manufacturers shall 
maintain the battery system according to the requirements in paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section.
    (d) When air conditioning SFTP exhaust emission tests are required, 
the manufacturer must document that the vehicle's air conditioning 
system is operating properly and that system parameters are within 
operating design specifications prior to testing. Required air 
conditioning system maintenance is performed as unscheduled maintenance 
that does not require the Administrator's approval.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 986, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1726-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1726-99  Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following exceptions and 
additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26(a)(1) and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall instead 
apply to this subpart:
    (1) Section 86.096-26(a) and subsequent model year provisions 
applies to light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, except ZEVs which 
shall be exempt from all mileage and service accumulation, durability-
data vehicle, and emission-data vehicle testing requirements.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26(a)(2) and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall instead 
apply to this subpart:
    (1) The procedure for mileage accumulation shall be the Durability 
Driving Schedule as specified in appendix IV of this part. A modified 
procedure (Alternative Service Accumulation Durability Program, 
Sec. 86.094-13(e) and subsequent model year provisions) may also be used 
if approved in advance by the Administrator. All light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks shall accumulate mileage at a measured curb weight 
that is within 100 pounds of the estimated curb weight. If the vehicle 
weight is within 100 pounds of being included in the next higher inertia 
weight class as specified in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to 
conduct the respective emission tests at the higher weight. All mileage 
accumulation of hybrid electric vehicles shall be conducted with the 
battery pack at the manufacturer's indicated lowest state-of-charge at 
the beginning of the test cycle. At no time throughout mileage 
accumulation shall the battery pack be charged using any off-board 
charging source.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26(a)(3) (i) and (ii) and 
subsequent model year provisions apply to this subpart, with the 
following addition:
    (1) For vehicles certified to the SFTP exhaust emission standards, 
complete exhaust emission tests will include both the FTP and the SFTP 
tests. The Administrator will accept the manufacturer's determination of 
the mileage at which the engine-system combination is stabilized for 
emission data testing if (prior to testing) a manufacturer determines 
that the interval chosen yields emissions performance that is stable and 
representative of design

[[Page 1006]]

intent. Sufficient mileage should be accumulated to reduce the possible 
effects of any emissions variability that is the result of insufficient 
vehicle operation. Of primary importance in making this determination is 
the behavior of the catalyst, EGR valve, trap oxidizer or any other part 
of the ECS which may have non-linear aging characteristics. In the 
alternative, the manufacturer may elect to accumulate 4,000 mile +/- 250 
miles on each test vehicle within an engine family without making a 
determination.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (d) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26(a)(4) (i) and (ii) and 
subsequent model year provisions do not apply to this subpart. The 
following shall instead apply to this subpart:
    (1) For Otto-cycle and diesel vehicles and battery assisted 
combustion engine vehicles that use Otto-cycle or diesel engines:
    (i) Prior to initiation of mileage accumulation in a durability-data 
vehicle, manufacturers must establish the mileage test interval for 
durability-data vehicle testing of the engine family. Once testing has 
begun on a durability-data vehicle, the durability test interval for 
that family may not be changed. At a minimum, multiple tests must be 
performed at 5,000 miles, 50,000 miles, and the final mileage point as 
long as they meet the requirements of appendix XV of this part. The 
Administrator will accept durability test interval schedules determined 
by the manufacturer. The testing must provide a DF confidence level 
equal to or better than the confidence level using the former fixed 
mileage test and scheduled maintenance intervals. The procedure for 
making this determination is specified in appendix XV of this part. The 
mileage intervals between test points must be approximately of equal 
length. The 250 mile test point tolerance and the 
requirement that tests be conducted before and after scheduled 
maintenance is still mandatory. Emission control systems for Otto-cycle 
engines that have step function changes designed into the control system 
must use the 5,000 mile test interval schedule.
    (ii) Testing before and after scheduled (or unscheduled) maintenance 
points must be conducted, and these data are to be included in the 
deterioration factor calculation. Testing before unscheduled maintenance 
may be omitted with the prior consent of the Administrator when testing 
would be dangerous to a vehicle or an operator. The number of tests 
before and after scheduled maintenance and the mileage intervals between 
test points should be approximately equal. Durability test interval 
schedules with multiple testing at test points within 10,000 miles of or 
at the 50,000 mile and the final mileage test point must be submitted 
for approval. Multiple testing at maintenance mileage tests points 
within 10,000 miles of the 50,000 mile and the final mileage test points 
may be approved if it can be demonstrated by previously generated data 
that the emission effects of the maintenance are insignificant.
    (iii) For engine families that are to be certified to the full 
useful life emission standards, each exhaust emission durability-data 
vehicle shall be driven with all emission control systems installed and 
operating, for the full useful life or such lesser distance as the 
Administrator may agree to as meeting the objective of this procedure. 
Durability tests shall be at every 5,000 miles, from 5,000 miles to the 
full useful life, however, the above procedures may be used to determine 
alternate test intervals subject to the following:
    (A) For engine families that are to be certified to the full useful 
life emission standards, durability vehicles may accumulate less than 
the full useful life if the manufacturer submits other data or 
information sufficient to demonstrate that the vehicle is capable of 
meeting the applicable emission standards for the full useful life. At a 
minimum, 75% of the full useful life shall be accumulated.
    (B) For the purpose of conducting mileage accumulation on light-duty 
hybrid electric vehicles, the full useful life of the auxiliary power 
unit shall be defined as 50,000 miles for a Type A hybrid electric 
vehicle, 75,000 miles for a Type B hybrid electric vehicle, and 100,000 
miles for a Type C hybrid electric vehicle.

[[Page 1007]]

    (iv) Alternative durability plans may also be used if the 
manufacturer provides a demonstration that the alternative plan provides 
equal or greater confidence that the vehicles will comply in-use with 
the emission standards. All alternative durability plans are subject to 
approval in advance by the Administrator.
    (2) For diesel vehicles equipped with periodically regenerating trap 
oxidizer systems, at least four regeneration emission tests (see 
Secs. 86.106 through 86.145) shall be made. The pollutant mass emission 
calculation procedures for vehicles equipped with periodically 
regenerating trap oxidizer systems are included in appendix XVI of this 
part. With the advance approval of the Administrator, the manufacturer 
may install: A manual override switch capable of preventing (i.e., 
delaying until the switch is turned off) the start of the regeneration 
process; and a light which indicates when the system would initiate 
regeneration if it had no override switch. Upon activation of the 
override switch the vehicle will be operated on a dynamometer to 
precondition it for the regeneration emission test in accordance with 
Secs. 86.132 and 86.1772. The Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) 
that is in progress at the time when the light comes on shall be 
completed and the vehicle shall proceed to the prescribed soak period 
followed by testing. With the advance approval of the Administrator, the 
manual override switch will be turned off at some predetermined point in 
the testing sequence, permitting the regeneration process to proceed 
without further manual interaction. The mileage intervals between test 
points shall be approximately equal. The first regeneration emission 
test shall be made at the 5,000 mile point. The regeneration emission 
tests must provide a deterioration factor confidence level equal to or 
better than the confidence level achieved by performing regeneration 
emission tests at the following mileage points: 5,000; 25,000; 50,000; 
75,000; and 100,000. The procedure for making this determination is 
shown in appendix XV of this part.
    (3) For gasoline-, gaseous-, and alcohol-fueled vehicles that are 
certified by a whole-vehicle durability protocol, the specified 
evaporative durability test points are at 5,000, 40,000, 75,000, and 
100,000 miles. These requirements are also applicable to hybrid electric 
vehicles. With the exception of flexible-fuel vehicles, a manufacturer 
may conduct evaporative testing at test points used for exhaust emission 
durability testing, provided that the same deterioration confidence 
level for the evaporative emission DF determination is retained (see 
appendix XIV of this part).
    (4) For flexible-fuel vehicles certifying to TLEV, LEV, or ULEV 
standards, the test schedule shall include exhaust emission tests at 
5,000 miles, 10,000 miles, and every 10,000 miles thereafter to the 
final mileage point using M85 or E85 and certification gasoline. For all 
flexible-fuel vehicles, if evaporative emission testing is conducted, 
exhaust and evaporative emission tests shall also be conducted using M35 
or E10, or another approved fuel, at the mileage points where M85 or E85 
testing is conducted. The results of these exhaust and evaporative 
emission tests will be used by the Administrator to evaluate the 
vehicle's emission control deterioration with various fuels (M85, M35, 
and unleaded gasoline; See fuel specifications in Sec. 86.1771). Only 
the M85 or E85 and certification gasoline exhaust emission results and 
the M35 or E10 evaporative emission results will be used to determine 
applicable exhaust and evaporative emission deterioration factors, 
respectively, as required in Sec. 86.1728 (Compliance with Emission 
Standards).
    (e) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26(a)(5)(i) and subsequent model 
year provisions apply to this subpart, with the following addition:
    (1) In addition, the emission tests performed on emission-data 
vehicles and durability-data vehicles shall be non-regeneration emission 
tests for diesel light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks equipped with 
periodically regenerating trap oxidizer systems. For any of these 
vehicles equipped with continually regenerating trap oxidizer systems, 
manufacturers may use the provisions applicable to periodically 
regenerating trap oxidizer systems as an option. If such an option is 
elected, all references in these procedures to

[[Page 1008]]

vehicles equipped with periodically regenerating trap oxidizer systems 
shall be applicable to the vehicles equipped with continually 
regenerating trap oxidizer systems.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (f) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26(a)(8) and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall instead 
apply to this subpart:
    (1) Once a manufacturer submits the information required in 
Sec. 86.096-26(a)(7) and subsequent model year provisions for a 
durability-data vehicle, the manufacturer shall continue to run the 
vehicle to 50,000 miles if the family is certified to 50,000 mile 
emission standards or to the full useful life if it is certified to 
emission standards beyond 50,000 miles (or to a lesser distance that the 
Administrator may have previously agreed to), and the data from the 
vehicle will be used in the calculations under Sec. 86.094-28 and 
subsequent model year provisions. Discontinuation of a durability-data 
vehicle shall be allowed only with the consent of the Administrator.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (g) The provisions of Sec. 86.096-26(b) and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart.
    (h)(1) The exhaust emissions shall be measured from all exhaust 
emission data vehicles tested in accordance with the federal Highway 
Fuel Economy Test (HWFET; 40 CFR part 600, subpart B). The oxides of 
nitrogen emissions measured during such tests shall be multiplied by the 
oxides of nitrogen deterioration factor computed in accordance with 
Sec. 86.094-28 and subsequent model year provisions, and then rounded 
and compared with the applicable emission standard in Secs. 86.1708 and 
86.1709. All data obtained pursuant to this paragraph (h)(1) shall be 
reported in accordance with procedures applicable to other exhaust 
emissions data required pursuant to these procedures. Hybrid electric 
vehicles shall be tested with the battery state-of-charge set such that 
one of the following two conditions is satisfied:
    (i) The state-of-charge is at the lowest level allowed by the 
control unit of the auxiliary power unit; or
    (ii) The state-of-charge is set such that auxiliary power unit 
operation will be at its maximum level at the beginning and throughout 
the emission test.
    (2) In the event that one or more of the manufacturer's emission 
data vehicles fail the applicable HWFET standard in Secs. 86.1708 and 
86.1709, the manufacturer may submit to the Administrator engineering 
data or other evidence showing that the system is capable of complying 
with the standard. If the Administrator finds, on the basis of an 
engineering evaluation, that the system can comply with the HWFET 
standard, he or she may accept the information supplied by the 
manufacturer in lieu of vehicle test data.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 987, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1727-99  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1728-01  Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.1837-01 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply with respect to the applicable standards of this 
subpart.

[64 FR 23924, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1728-99  Compliance with emission standards.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following exceptions and 
additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(1) and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall instead 
apply to this subpart:
    (1) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a) and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks, 
except ZEVs.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i) and subsequent model 
year provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall 
instead apply to this subpart:
    (1) Separate emission deterioration factors shall be determined from 
the exhaust emission results of the durability-data vehicle(s) for each 
engine-system combination. A separate factor

[[Page 1009]]

shall be established for exhaust HC (non-alcohol vehicles, non-TLEVs, 
non-LEVs, and non-ULEVs), exhaust OMHCE or OMNMHCE (alcohol vehicles 
that are not TLEVs, LEVs, or ULEVs), exhaust NMOG (all TLEVs, LEVs, 
ULEVs), exhaust formaldehyde (alcohol vehicles, TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs), 
exhaust CO, exhaust NOX, and exhaust particulate (diesel 
vehicles only) for each engine-system combination. A separate 
evaporative emission deterioration factor shall be determined for each 
evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system 
combination from the testing conducted by the manufacturer (gasoline- 
and alcohol-fueled vehicles only). Separate emission correction factors 
(diesel light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks equipped with 
periodically regenerating trap oxidizer systems only) shall be 
determined from the exhaust emission results of the durability-data 
vehicle(s) for each engine-system combination. A separate factor shall 
be established for exhaust HC (non-alcohol vehicles, non-TLEVs, non-
LEVs, and non-ULEVs), exhaust OMHCE or OMNMHCE (alcohol vehicles that 
are not TLEVs, LEVs, or ULEVs), exhaust NMOG (TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs), 
exhaust CO, exhaust NOX, and exhaust particulate for each 
engine-system combination.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i)(A)(4) and subsequent 
model year provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall 
instead apply to this subpart:
    (1) The manufacturer must use the outlier identification procedure 
set forth in appendix VIII of this part to test for irregular data from 
a durability-data set. If any data point is identified as a statistical 
outlier, the Administrator shall determine, on the basis of an 
engineering analysis of the causes of the outlier submitted by the 
manufacturer, whether the outlier is to be rejected. The outlier shall 
be rejected only if the Administrator determines that the outlier does 
not reflect representative characteristics of the emission control 
system, i.e., the outlier is a result of an emission control system 
anomaly, test procedure error, or an extraordinary circumstance not 
expected to recur. Only the identified outlier shall be eliminated; 
other data at that test point (i.e., data for other pollutants) shall 
not be eliminated unless the Administrator determines, based on the 
engineering analysis, that they also do not reflect representative 
characteristics of the emission control system. Where the manufacturer 
chooses to apply both the outlier procedure and averaging to the same 
data set, the outlier procedure shall be completed prior to applying the 
averaging procedure. All durability test data, including any outliers 
and the manufacturer's engineering analysis, shall be submitted with the 
final application.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (d) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i)(B) and subsequent 
model year provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall 
instead apply to this subpart:
    (1) All applicable exhaust emission results shall be plotted as a 
function of the mileage on the system, rounded to the nearest mile, and 
the best fit straight lines, fitted by the method of least squares, 
shall be drawn through all these data points. The emission data will be 
acceptable for use in the calculation of the deterioration factor only 
if the interpolated 4,000-mile, 50,000-mile, and full useful life points 
on this line are within the applicable emission standards in 
Secs. 86.1708 and 86.1709. For hybrid electric vehicles, the emission 
data will be acceptable for use in the calculation of the deterioration 
factor only if the engine mileage points corresponding to the 
interpolated 4,000 mile, 50,000 mile, and full useful life points of the 
vehicle on this line are within the applicable emission standards in 
Secs. 86.1708 and 86.1709. The engine mileage points shall be determined 
based on the test schedule submitted to the Administrator as required in 
Sec. 86.096-26. As an exception, the Administrator will review the data 
on a case-by-case basis and may approve its use in those instances where 
the best fit straight line crosses an applicable standard but no data 
point exceeds the standard or when the best fit straight line crosses 
the applicable standard at the 4,000-mile point but the 5,000-mile 
actual test point and the

[[Page 1010]]

50,000 mile and full useful life interpolated points are both below the 
standards. A multiplicative exhaust emission deterioration factor shall 
be calculated for each engine system combination as follows:
    (i) For engine families certified to 50,000 mile emissions 
standards: Factor = Exhaust emissions interpolated to 50,000 miles 
divided by exhaust emissions interpolated to 4,000 miles.
    (ii) For engine families certified to full useful life emissions 
standards beyond 50,000 miles: Factor = Exhaust emissions interpolated 
to the full useful life divided by exhaust emissions interpolated to 
4,000 miles.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) The following requirements shall be in addition to the 
provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4) and subsequent model year provisions:
    (1)(i) The regeneration exhaust emission data (diesel light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks equipped with periodically regenerating 
trap oxidizer systems only) from the tests required under Sec. 86.096-
26(a)(4) and subsequent model year provisions shall be used to determine 
the regeneration exhaust emissions interpolated to the 50,000-mile 
point. The regeneration exhaust emission results shall be plotted as a 
function of the mileage on the system, rounded to the nearest mile, and 
the best fit straight lines, fitted by the method of least squares, 
shall be drawn through all these data points. The interpolated 50,000-
mile point of this line shall be used to calculate the multiplicative 
exhaust emission correction factor for each engine-system combination as 
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.000


where:

R = the ratio of the regeneration exhaust emissions interpolated to 
50,000 miles to the non-regeneration exhaust emissions interpolated to 
50,000 miles.
n = the number of complete regenerations which occur during the 
durability test.

    (ii) The interpolated values determined in paragraph (e)(1)(i) of 
this section shall be carried out to a minimum of four places to the 
right of the decimal point before dividing one by the other to determine 
the correction factor. The results shall be rounded to three places to 
the right of the decimal point in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for Using 
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 86.1). For 
applicability to gaseous emission standards under the 100,000 mile 
option, R will be determined based upon projected 100,000 mile 
emissions.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (f) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(ii)(A) and subsequent 
model year provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall 
instead apply to this subpart:
    (1) The official exhaust emission test results for each emission-
data vehicle at the 4,000 mile test point shall be multiplied by the 
appropriate deterioration factor, and correction factor (diesel light-
duty vehicles and light-duty trucks equipped with periodically 
regenerating trap oxidizer systems only): Provided: that if a 
deterioration factor as computed in Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(i)(B) and 
subsequent model year provisions or a correction factor as computed in 
paragraph (e) of this section is less than one, that deterioration 
factor or correction factor shall be one for the purposes of this 
paragraph (f).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (g) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(iii) and subsequent model 
year provisions do not apply to this subpart. The following shall 
instead apply to this subpart:
    (1) The emissions to compare with the standard (or the family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) shall be the adjusted 
emissions of Sec. 86.094-28(a)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) and subsequent model 
year provisions for each emission-data vehicle. Before any emission 
value is compared with the standard (or the family particulate limit, as 
appropriate), it shall be rounded to one significant figure beyond the 
number of significant figures contained in the standard (or the family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate) in accordance with the 
Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E 29-90, Standard Practice for 
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance

[[Page 1011]]

with Specifications (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 86.1). The 
rounded emission values may not exceed the standard (or the family 
particulate emission limit, as appropriate). Fleet average NMOG value 
calculations shall be rounded to four significant figures in accordance 
with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E 29-90, Standard 
Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference; see 
Sec. 86.1) before comparing with fleet average NMOG requirements.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (h) The provisions of Sec. 86.094-28(b) and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this subpart.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Secs. 86.1729-99--86.1733-99  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1734-01  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1734-99  Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.082-34 and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following exceptions and 
additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.082-34(a) and subsequent model year 
provisions apply to this subpart, with the following addition:
    (1) A manufacturer must notify the Administrator within 10 working 
days of making an addition of a vehicle to a certified engine family or 
a change in a vehicle previously covered by certification. The 
manufacturer shall also submit, upon request of the Administrator, the 
following items:
    (i) service bulletin;
    (ii) driveability statement;
    (iii) test log;
    (iv) maintenance log.
    (2) All running changes and field fixes that do not adversely affect 
the system durability are deemed approved unless disapproved by the 
Administrator within 30 days of the receipt of the running change or 
field fix request. A change not specifically identified in the 
manufacturer's application must also be reported to the Administrator if 
the change may adversely affect engine or emission control system 
durability. Examples of such changes include any change that could 
affect durability, thermal characteristics, deposit formation, or 
exhaust product composition, i.e., combustion chamber design, cylinder 
head material, camshaft profile, computer modifications, turbocharger, 
intercooler wastegate characteristics, and transmission or torque 
converter specifications. The manufacturer is required to update and 
submit to the Administrator the ``supplemental data sheet'' for all 
running changes and field fixes implemented with the change 
notification. The manufacturer shall submit, on a monthly basis, by 
engine family, a list of running changes/field fixes giving the document 
number date submitted and a brief description of the change.
    (b) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1735-01  Labeling.

    The following requirements shall apply to TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs, and 
ZEVs certified under the provisions of this subpart:
    (a) The requirements in Sec. 86.1807-01 and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this section.
    (b) The requirements in Chapter 7 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996) shall apply. These requirements are incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1).

[64 FR 23924, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1735-99  Labeling.

    The following requirements shall apply to TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs, and 
ZEVs certified under the provisions of this subpart:
    (a) The requirements in Sec. 86.096-35 and subsequent model year 
provisions do not apply to this section.
    (b) The requirements in Chapter 7 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996) shall apply. These requirements are incorporated by 
reference (see Sec. 86.1).

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]

[[Page 1012]]



Secs. 86.1736-99--86.1769-99  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1770-99  All-Electric Range Test requirements.

    (a) ZEVs and Type A and Type B hybrid electric vehicles shall be 
subject to the All-Electric Range Test specified below for the purpose 
of determining the energy efficiency and operating range of a ZEV or of 
a hybrid electric vehicle operating without the use of its auxiliary 
power unit. For hybrid electric vehicles, the manufacturer may elect to 
conduct the All-Electric Range Test prior to vehicle preconditioning in 
the exhaust and evaporative emission test sequence specified in subpart 
B of this part.
    (1) Cold soak. The vehicle shall be stored at an ambient temperature 
not less than 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and not more than 86  deg.F (30 
deg.C) for 12 to 36 hours. During this time, the vehicle's battery shall 
be charged to a full state-of-charge.
    (2) Driving schedule--(i) Determination of All-Electric Range--
Highway. At the end of the cold soak period, the vehicle shall be 
placed, either driven or pushed, onto a dynamometer and operated through 
an Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, found in 40 CFR part 86, Appendix 
I, until the vehicle is no longer able to maintain within 5 miles per 
hour of the speed requirements or within 2 seconds of the time 
requirements of the driving schedule. For hybrid electric vehicles, this 
determination shall be performed without the use of the auxiliary power 
unit.
    (ii) Determination of All-Electric Range--Urban. At the end of the 
cold soak period, the vehicle shall be placed, either driven or pushed, 
onto a dynamometer and operated through a Highway Fuel Economy Driving 
Schedule, found in 40 CFR part 600, Appendix I, until the vehicle is no 
longer able to maintain within 5 miles per hour of the speed 
requirements or within 2 seconds of the time requirements of the driving 
schedule. For hybrid electric vehicles, this determination shall be 
performed without the use of the auxiliary power unit.
    (3) Recording requirements. Once the vehicle is no longer able to 
maintain the speed and time requirements specified in paragraph (a)(2) 
of this section, or once the auxiliary power unit turns on, in the case 
of a hybrid electric vehicle, the accumulated mileage and energy usage 
of the vehicle from the point where electricity is introduced from the 
electrical outlet shall be recorded, and the vehicle shall be brought to 
an immediate stop, thereby concluding the All-Electric Range Test.
    (4) Regenerative braking. Regenerative braking systems may be 
utilized during the range test. The braking level, if adjustable, shall 
be set according to the manufacturer's specifications prior to the 
commencement of the test. The driving schedule speed and time tolerances 
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall not be exceeded due 
to the operation of the regenerative braking system.
    (b) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 987, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1771-99  Fuel specifications.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.113 apply to this subpart, with the 
following exceptions and additions.
    (1) For light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks, gasoline 
having the specifications listed below may be used in exhaust emission 
testing as an option to the specifications in Sec. 86.113(a)(1). If a 
manufacturer elects to utilize this option, exhaust emission testing 
shall be conducted by the manufacturer with gasoline having the 
specifications listed in the table in this paragraph (a)(1), and the 
Administrator shall conduct exhaust emission testing with gasoline 
having the specifications listed in the table in this paragraph (a)(1). 
Specifications for non-gasoline fuels and all fuel property test methods 
are contained in Chapter 4 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996). 
These requirements are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). The 
table follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fuel property                            Limit
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Octane, (R+M)/2 (min).....................  91.
Sensitivity (min).........................  7.5.
Lead, g/gal (max) (No lead added).........  0-0.01
Distillation Range,  deg.F................  ............................
10 pct. point,............................  130-150.
50 pct. point,............................  200-210.

[[Page 1013]]

 
90 pct. point,............................  290-300.
EP, maximum...............................  390.
Residue, vol % (max)......................  2.0.
Sulfur, ppm by wt.........................  30-40.
Phosphorous, g/gal (max)..................  0.005.
RVP, psi..................................  6.7-7.0.
Olefins, vol %............................  4.0-6.0.
Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons (vol %).......  22-25.
Benzene, vol %............................  0.8-1.0.
Multi-Substituted Alkyl Aromatic            12-14.
 Hydrocarbons, vol %.
MTBE, vol %...............................  10.8-11.2.
Additives.................................  See Chapter 4 of the
                                             California Regulatory
                                             Requirements Applicable to
                                             the National Low Emission
                                             Vehicle Program (October,
                                             1996). These procedures are
                                             incorporated by reference
                                             (see Sec.  86.1).
Copper Corrosion..........................  No. 1.
Gum, Washed, mg/100 ml (max)..............  3.0.
Oxidation Stability, minutes (min)........  1,000.
Specific Gravity..........................  No limit; report to
                                             purchaser required.
Heat of Combustion........................  No limit; report to
                                             purchaser required.
Carbon, wt %..............................  No limit; report to
                                             purchaser required.
Hydrogen, wt %............................  No limit; report to
                                             purchaser required.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1772-99  Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.129 apply to this subpart.
    (b) The following requirements shall also apply to this subpart:
    (1) For electric and hybrid electric vehicle lines where it is 
expected that more than 33 percent of a vehicle line will be equipped 
with air conditioning, per Sec. 86.096-24(g)(2) or Sec. 86.1832-01(a) as 
applicable, that derives power from the battery pack, the road load 
shall be increased by the incremental horsepower required to operate the 
air conditioning unit. The incremental increase shall be determined by 
recording the difference in energy required for a hybrid electric 
vehicle under all-electric power to complete the running loss test fuel 
tank temperature profile test sequence without air conditioning and the 
same vehicle tested over the running loss test fuel tank temperature 
profile test sequence with the air conditioning set to the ``NORMAL'' 
air conditioning mode and adjusted to the minimum discharge air 
temperature and high fan speed over the time period needed to perform 
the test sequence, and converting this value into units of horsepower. 
Vehicles equipped with automatic temperature controlled air conditioning 
systems shall be operated in ``AUTOMATIC'' temperature and fan modes 
with the system set at 72 deg. F. The running loss test fuel tank 
temperature profile test sequence is found in Sec. 86.129(d).
    (2) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998, as 
amended at 64 FR 23924, May 4, 1999]



Sec. 86.1773-99  Test sequence; general requirements.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.130 apply to this subpart.
    (b) The following additional requirements shall also apply to this 
subpart:
    (1) For purposes of determining conformity with 50  deg.F test 
requirements, the procedures set forth in paragraph (c) of this section 
shall apply. For all hybrid electric vehicles and all 1995 and 
subsequent model-year vehicles certifying to running loss and useful 
life evaporative emission standards, the test sequence specified in 
subpart B of this part shall apply.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c)(1) Following a 12 to 36 hour cold soak at a nominal temperature 
of 50  deg.F, emissions of CO and NOX measured on the Federal 
Test Procedure (subpart B of this part), conducted at a nominal test 
temperature of 50  deg.F, shall not exceed the standards for vehicles of 
the same emission category and vehicle type subject to a cold soak and 
emission test at 68 to 86  deg.F. For all TLEVs, emissions of NMOG and 
formaldehyde at 50  deg.F shall not exceed the 50,000 mile certification 
standard multiplied by a factor of 2.0. For all LEVs, emissions of NMOG 
and formaldehyde at 50  deg.F shall not exceed the 50,000 mile 
certification standard multiplied by a factor of 2.0. For all ULEVs, 
emissions of NMOG and formaldehyde at 50  deg.F shall not exceed the 
50,000 mile certification standard multiplied by a factor of 2.0. 
Emissions

[[Page 1014]]

of NMOG shall be multiplied by a reactivity adjustment factor, if any, 
prior to comparing with the 50,000 certification standard multiplied by 
the specified factor. The test vehicles shall not be subject to a 
diurnal heat build prior to the cold start exhaust test or evaporative 
emission testing.
    (i) For the 50  deg.F emission test, the nominal preconditioning, 
soak, and test temperatures shall be maintained within 3  deg.F of the 
nominal temperature on an average basis and within 5  deg.F of the 
nominal temperature on a continuous basis. The temperature shall be 
sampled at least once every 15 seconds during the preconditioning and 
test periods and at least once each 5 minutes during the soak period. A 
continuous strip chart recording of the temperature with these minimum 
time resolutions is an acceptable alternative to employing a data 
acquisition system.
    (ii) The test site temperature shall be measured at the inlet of the 
vehicle cooling fan used for testing.
    (iii) The test vehicle may be fueled before the preconditioning 
procedure in a fueling area maintained within a temperature range of 68 
to 86  deg.F. The preconditioning shall be conducted at a nominal 
temperature of 50  deg.F. The requirement to saturate the evaporative 
control canister(s) shall not apply.
    (iv) If a soak area remote from the test site is used, the vehicle 
may pass through an area maintained within a temperature range of 68 to 
86  deg.F during a time interval not to exceed 10 minutes. In such 
cases, the vehicle shall be restabilized to 50  deg.F by soaking the 
vehicle in the nominal 50  deg.F test area for six times as long as the 
exposure time to the higher temperature area, prior to starting the 
emission test.
    (v) The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of 
the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution.
    (2) Manufacturers shall demonstrate compliance with this requirement 
each year by testing at least three LDV or LDT emission data and/or 
engineering development vehicles (with at least 4000 miles) which are 
representative of the array of technologies available in that model 
year. Only TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs are to be considered for testing at 50 
 deg.F. It is not necessary to apply deterioration factors (DFs) to the 
50  deg.F test results to comply with this requirement. Testing at 50 
deg.F shall not be required for fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles 
when operating on gasoline. Natural gas, hybrid electric and diesel-
fueled vehicles shall also be exempt from 50  deg.F testing.
    (3) The following schedule outlines the parameters to be considered 
for vehicle selection:
    (i) Fuel control system (e.g., multiport fuel injection, throttle 
body electronic fuel injection, sequential multiport electronic fuel 
injection, etc.);
    (ii) Catalyst system (e.g., electrically heated catalyst, close-
coupled catalyst, underfloor catalyst, etc.);
    (iii) Control system type (e.g., mass-air flow, speed density, 
etc.);
    (iv) Vehicle category (e.g., TLEV, LEV, ULEV);
    (v) Fuel type (e.g., gasoline, methanol, etc.).
    (4) The same engine family shall not be selected in the succeeding 
two years unless the manufacturer produces fewer than three engine 
families. If the manufacturer produces more than three TLEV, LEV, or 
ULEV engine families per model year, the Administrator may request 50 
deg.F testing of specific engine families. If the manufacturer provides 
a list of the TLEV, LEV, and ULEV engine families that it will certify 
for a model year and provides a description of the technologies used on 
each engine family (including the vehicle selection parameters 
information in paragraphs (c)(3) (i) through (v) of this section), the 
Administrator shall select the engine families subject to 50  deg.F 
testing within a 30 day period after receiving such a list and 
description. The Administrator may revise the engine families selected 
after the 30 day period if the information provided by the manufacturer 
does not accurately reflect the engine families actually certified by 
the manufacturer.
    (5) For the purposes of this section, the Administrator will accept 
vehicles selected and tested in accordance with the 50  deg.F testing 
procedures specified by the California Air Resources Board.
    (d) A manufacturer has the option of simulating air conditioning 
operation during testing at other ambient test

[[Page 1015]]

conditions provided it can demonstrate that the vehicle tailpipe exhaust 
emissions are representative of the emissions that would result from the 
SC03 cycle test procedure and the ambient conditions of paragraph 
86.161-00. The Administrator has approved two optional air conditioning 
test simulation procedures, AC1 and AC2, for the 2001 to 2003 model 
years only. If a manufacturer desires to conduct an alternative SC03 
test simulation other than AC1 and AC2, or the AC1 and AC2 simulations 
for the 2004 and subsequent model years, the simulation test procedure 
must be approved in advance by the Administrator.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated and amended at 63 FR 987, Jan. 
7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1774-99  Vehicle preconditioning.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.132 apply to this subpart, with the 
following exceptions and additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.132 (a) through (e) apply to this 
subpart, with the following additional requirements:
    (1) The UDDS performed prior to a non-regeneration emission test 
shall not contain a regeneration (diesel light-duty vehicles and light-
duty trucks equipped with periodically regenerating trap oxidizer 
systems only). A gasoline fueled test vehicle may not be used to set 
dynamometer horsepower.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1775-99  Exhaust sample analysis.

    The following requirements shall apply to TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs, and 
ZEVs certified under the provisions of this subpart:
    (a) The requirements in Sec. 86.140;
    (b) The requirements in Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996). These requirements are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1776-99  Records required.

    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.142 apply to this subpart.
    (b) In addition to the provisions of Sec. 86.142, the following 
provisions apply to this subpart:
    (1) The manufacturer shall record in the durability-data vehicle 
logbook, the number of regenerations that occur during the 50,000 mile 
durability test of each diesel light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck 
equipped with a periodically regenerating trap oxidizer system. The 
manufacturer shall include, for each regeneration: the date and time of 
the start of regeneration, the duration of the regeneration, and the 
accumulated mileage at the start and the end of regeneration. The number 
of regenerations will be used in the calculation of the deterioration 
factor or other durability demonstration under Sec. 86.1823-01 and 
subsequent model year provisions.
    (2) The requirements in Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996). These requirements are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (3) For additional record requirements see Secs. 86.1770, 86.1771, 
86.1772, 86.1773, 86.1774, and 86.1777.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998, as 
amended at 64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999]

    Effective Date Note: At 62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997, subpart R was 
added, effective Aug. 5, 1997. Section 86.1776-99 contains information 
collection requirements and will not become effective until approval has 
been given by the Office of Management and Budget.



Sec. 86.1777-99  Calculations; exhaust emissions.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.144 apply to this subpart, with the 
following exceptions and additions:
    (a) The provisions of Sec. 86.144(b) apply to this subpart, with the 
following additional requirement:
    (1) Organic material non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent mass for 
ethanol vehicles:

OMNMHCEmass=NMHCmass + (13.8756/32.042)  x  
(CH3OH)mass + (13.8756/46.064)  x  
(CH3CH2OH)mass + (13.8756/30.0262)  x  
(HCHO)mass + (13.8756/44.048)  x  
(CH3CHO)mass

    (2) [Reserved]

[[Page 1016]]

    (b) The requirements in Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory 
Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
(October, 1996) apply to this subpart. These requirements are 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (c) The provisions in appendix XV of this part and appendix XVI of 
this part apply to this subpart.
    (d) Reactivity adjustment factors. (1) For the purpose of complying 
with the NMOG exhaust emission standards in Secs. 86.1708 and 86.1709, 
the mass of NMOG emissions from a vehicle certified to operate on a fuel 
other than conventional gasoline, including fuel-flexible and dual-fuel 
vehicles when operated on a fuel other than conventional gasoline, shall 
be multiplied by the reactivity adjustment factor applicable to the 
vehicle emission control technology category and fuel. The product of 
the NMOG mass emission value and the reactivity adjustment factor shall 
be compared to the NMOG exhaust emission standards to determine 
compliance with the standards. In addition to the above requirements, 
vehicles operating on natural gas shall add to the product of the NMOG 
mass emission value and the reactivity adjustment factor, the product of 
the methane mass emission value and the methane reactivity adjustment 
factor. This result shall be compared to the NMOG exhaust emission 
standards to determine compliance with the standards for natural gas-
fueled vehicles.
    (2) The following reactivity adjustment factors have been 
established pursuant to the criteria in appendix XVII of this part:
    (i) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Reactivity
     Vehicle emission control                Fuel             adjustment
       technology category                                      factor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TLEVs............................  85% methanol, 15%                0.41
                                    gasoline blends.
LEVs and ULEVs through model year  85% methanol, 15%                0.41
 2000.                              gasoline blends.
TLEVs through model year 2000....  Gasoline meeting the             0.98
                                    specifications of Sec.
                                    86.1771(a)(1).
LEVs and ULEVs through model year  Gasoline meeting the             0.94
 2000.                              specifications of Sec.
                                    86.1771(a)(1).
TLEVs through model year 2000....  Fuel meeting the                 1.00
                                    specifications for
                                    liquefied petroleum gas
                                    specified in Chapter 4
                                    of the California
                                    Regulatory Requirements
                                    Applicable to the
                                    National Low Emission
                                    Vehicle Program
                                    (October, 1996).
LEVs and ULEVs through model year  Fuel meeting the                 0.50
 2000.                              specifications for
                                    liquefied petroleum gas
                                    specified in Chapter 4
                                    of the California
                                    Regulatory Requirements
                                    Applicable to the
                                    National Low Emission
                                    Vehicle Program
                                    (October, 1996).
TLEVs through model year 2000....  Fuel meeting the                 1.00
                                    specifications for
                                    natural gas specified
                                    in Chapter 4 of the
                                    California Regulatory
                                    Requirements Applicable
                                    to the National Low
                                    Emission Vehicle
                                    Program (October, 1996).
LEVs and ULEVs through model year  Fuel meeting the                 0.43
 2000.                              specifications for
                                    natural gas specified
                                    in Chapter 4 of the
                                    California Regulatory
                                    Requirements Applicable
                                    to the National Low
                                    Emission Vehicle
                                    Program (October, 1996).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Natural gas light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Methane
                                                              reactivity
        Vehicle emission control technology category          adjustment
                                                                factor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TLEVs.......................................................     0.0043
LEVs and ULEVs..............................................     0.0047
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) The Administrator may establish new reactivity adjustment 
factors pursuant to appendix XVII of this part in addition to those 
listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section. The Administrator shall 
notify manufacturers in writing of the new reactivity adjustment factors 
within 30 days of their establishment.
    (4) The Administrator may revise any reactivity adjustment factor 
listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section or established by the 
Administrator pursuant to appendix XVII of this part if he or she 
determines that the revised reactivity adjustment factor is more 
representative of the ozone-forming potential of vehicle NMOG emissions 
based

[[Page 1017]]

on the best available scientific knowledge and sound engineering 
judgment. The Administrator shall notify manufacturers in writing of any 
such reactivity adjustment factor at least 3 years prior to January 1 of 
the calendar year which has the same numerical designation as the model 
year for which the revised reactivity adjustment factor first becomes 
effective. However, manufacturers may use the revised reactivity 
adjustment factor in certifying any new engine family whose 
certification application is submitted following such notification, if 
they so choose. Manufacturers may also continue to use the original 
reactivity adjustment factor for any existing engine family previously 
certified with that reactivity adjustment factor until a new durability-
data vehicle is tested for that engine family.
    (5) Manufacturers may request the use of a unique reactivity 
adjustment factor for a specific vehicle emission control technology 
category and fuel. The Administrator shall approve such requests in 
accordance with the conditions and procedures of appendix XVII of this 
part. For the purpose of calculating the reactivity adjustment factor as 
specified in appendix XVII of this part, the ``g ozone potential per g 
NMOG'' value for the vehicle emission control technology category and 
fuel system for which the manufacturer is requesting the use of a unique 
reactivity adjustment factor shall be divided by the ``g ozone potential 
per g NMOG'' value for a conventional gasoline-fueled vehicle 
established for the vehicle emission control technology category. The 
following ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' values for conventional 
gasoline-fueled vehicle emission control technology categories have been 
established:
    (i) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              ``g ozone
                                                              potential
                                                            per g NMOG''
       Vehicle emission control technology category              for
                                                            conventional
                                                              gasoline
------------------------------------------------------------------------
All TLEVs.................................................        3.42
All 1993 and subsequent model-year LEVs and ULEVs.........        3.13
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) [Reserved]

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1778-99  Calculations; particulate emissions.

    The provisions of Sec. 86.145 and appendix XVI of this part apply to 
this subpart.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1779-99  General enforcement provisions.

    (a) The provisions of sections 203-208 of the Clean Air Act, as 
amended, (42 U.S.C. 7522-7525, 7541-7542) apply to all motor vehicles 
manufactured by a covered manufacturer under this program, and to all 
covered manufacturers and all persons with respect to such vehicles.
    (b) Violation of the requirements of this subpart shall subject a 
person to the jurisdiction and penalty provisions of sections 204-205 of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7522-7523).
    (c) EPA may not issue a certificate of conformity to a covered 
manufacturer, as defined in Sec. 86.1702, except based on compliance 
with the standards and requirements in this part 86 and 40 CFR part 85.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



Sec. 86.1780-99  Prohibited acts.

    (a) The following acts and the causing thereof are prohibited:
    (1) In the case of a covered manufacturer, as defined by 
Sec. 86.1702, of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines for 
distribution in commerce, the sale, or the offering for sale, or the 
introduction, or delivery for introduction, into commerce, or (in the 
case of any person, except as provided by regulation of the 
Administrator), the importation into the United States of any new motor 
vehicle or new motor vehicle engine subject to this subpart, unless such 
vehicle or engine is covered by a certificate of conformity issued (and 
in effect) under regulations found in this subpart (except as provided 
in sec. 203(b) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(b)) or regulations 
promulgated thereunder).

[[Page 1018]]

    (2)(i) For any person to fail or refuse to permit access to or 
copying of records or to fail to make reports or provide information 
required under sec. 208 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7542) with 
regard to covered vehicles.
    (ii) For a person to fail or refuse to permit entry, testing, or 
inspection authorized under sec. 206(c) (42 U.S.C. 7525(c)) or sec. 208 
of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7542) with regard to covered vehicles.
    (iii) For a person to fail or refuse to perform tests, or to have 
tests performed as required under sec. 208 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7542) with regard to covered vehicles.
    (iv) For a person to fail to establish or maintain records as 
required under Secs. 86.1723 and 86.1776 with regard to covered 
vehicles.
    (v) For any manufacturer to fail to make information available as 
provided by regulation under sec. 202(m)(5) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7521(m)(5)) with regard to covered vehicles.
    (3)(i) For any person to remove or render inoperative any device or 
element of design installed on or in a covered vehicle or engine in 
compliance with regulations under this subpart prior to its sale and 
delivery to the ultimate purchaser, or for any person knowingly to 
remove or render inoperative any such device or element of design after 
such sale and delivery to the ultimate purchaser.
    (ii) For any person to manufacture, sell or offer to sell, or 
install, any part or component intended for use with, or as part of, any 
covered vehicle or engine, where a principal effect of the part or 
component is to bypass, defeat, or render inoperative any device or 
element of design installed on or in a covered vehicle or engine in 
compliance with regulations issued under this subpart, and where the 
person knows or should know that the part or component is being offered 
for sale or installed for this use or put to such use.
    (4) For any manufacturer of a covered vehicle or engine subject to 
standards prescribed under this subpart:
    (i) To sell, offer for sale, introduce or deliver into commerce, or 
lease any such vehicle or engine unless the manufacturer has complied 
with the requirements of sec. 207 (a) and (b) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7541 (a), (b)) with respect to such vehicle or engine, and unless 
a label or tag is affixed to such vehicle or engine in accordance with 
sec. 207(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7541(c)(3)).
    (ii) To fail or refuse to comply with the requirements of sec. 207 
(c) or (e) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7541 (c) or (e)).
    (iii) Except as provided in sec. 207(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7541(c)(3)), to provide directly or indirectly in any 
communication to the ultimate purchaser or any subsequent purchaser that 
the coverage of a warranty under the Clean Air Act is conditioned upon 
use of any part, component, or system manufactured by the manufacturer 
or a person acting for the manufacturer or under its control, or 
conditioned upon service performed by such persons.
    (iv) To fail or refuse to comply with the terms and conditions of 
the warranty under sec. 207 (a) or (b) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7541 (a) or (b)).
    (b) For the purposes of enforcement of this subpart, the following 
apply:
    (1) No action with respect to any element of design referred to in 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section (including any adjustment or alteration 
of such element) shall be treated as a prohibited act under paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section if such action is in accordance with sec. 215 of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7549);
    (2) Nothing in paragraph (a)(3) of this section is to be construed 
to require the use of manufacturer parts in maintaining or repairing a 
covered vehicle or engine. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, 
the term ``manufacturer parts'' means, with respect to a motor vehicle 
engine, parts produced or sold by the manufacturer of the motor vehicle 
or motor vehicle engine;
    (3) Actions for the purpose of repair or replacement of a device or 
element of design or any other item are not considered prohibited acts 
under paragraph (a)(3) of this section if the action is a necessary and 
temporary procedure, the device or element is replaced upon completion 
of the procedure, and the action results in the proper functioning of 
the device or element of design;

[[Page 1019]]

    (4) Actions for the purpose of a conversion of a motor vehicle or 
motor vehicle engine for use of a clean alternative fuel (as defined in 
title II of the Clean Air Act) are not considered prohibited acts under 
paragraph (a) of this section if:
    (i) The vehicle complies with the applicable standard when operating 
on the alternative fuel; and
    (ii) In the case of engines converted to dual fuel or flexible use, 
the device or element is replaced upon completion of the conversion 
procedure, and the action results in proper functioning of the device or 
element when the motor vehicle operates on conventional fuel.

[62 FR 31242, June 6, 1997. Redesignated at 63 FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]



 Subpart S--General Compliance Provisions for Control of Air Pollution 
 From New and In-use Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium 
                         Duty Passenger Vehicles

    Source: 64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 86.1801-01  Applicability.

    (a) Except as otherwise indicated, the provisions of this subpart 
apply to new 2001 and later model year Otto-cycle and diesel cycle 
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger 
vehicles, including multi-fueled, alternative fueled, hybrid electric, 
and zero emission vehicles. These provisions also apply to 2001 model 
year and later new incomplete light-duty trucks. In cases where a 
provision applies only to a certain vehicle group based on its model 
year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, or other distinguishing 
characteristics, the limited applicability is cited in the appropriate 
section or paragraph of this subpart.
    (b) The provisions of this subpart apply to aftermarket conversions 
of all model year Otto-cycle and diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks as defined in 40 CFR 85.502.
    (c) Optional applicability. (1) A manufacturer may request to 
certify any heavy-duty vehicle of 14,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight 
Rating or less in accordance with the light-duty truck provisions. 
Heavy-duty engine or heavy-duty vehicle provisions of subpart A of this 
part do not apply to such a vehicle. A 2004 or later model year heavy-
duty vehicle optionally certified as a light-duty truck under this 
provision must comply with all provisions applicable to MDPVs including 
exhaust and evaporative emission standards, test procedures, on-board 
diagnostics, refueling standards, phase-in requirements and fleet 
average standards under 40 CFR Part 85 and this part.
    (2) A manufacturer may optionally use the provisions of this subpart 
in lieu of the provisions of subpart A of this part beginning with the 
2000 model year. Manufacturers choosing this option must comply with all 
provisions of this subpart, except the standards in subpart A of this 
part apply for model year 2000. Manufacturers may elect this provision 
for either all or a portion of their product line.
    (d) Small volume manufacturers. Special certification procedures are 
available for any manufacturer whose projected or actual combined U.S. 
sales of light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, 
and heavy-duty engines in its product line (including all vehicles and 
engines imported under the provisions of 40 CFR 85.1505 and 85.1509) are 
fewer than 15,000 units for the model year in which the manufacturer 
seeks certification. The small volume manufacturer's light-duty vehicle 
and light-duty truck certification procedures are described in 
Sec. 86.1838-01.
    (e) National Low Emission Vehicle Program for light-duty vehicles 
and light light-duty trucks. A manufacturer may elect to certify 2001-
2003 model year light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks (LDV/
LLDTs) to the provisions of the National Low Emission Vehicle Program 
contained in Subpart R of this part. Subpart R of this part is 
applicable only to those covered manufacturers as defined under the 
provisions of subpart R of this part. All provisions of this subpart S 
are applicable to vehicles certified pursuant to subpart R of this part, 
except as specifically noted in subpart R of this part.
    (f) ``Early'' Tier 2 LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs. Any LDV/LLDT which is 
certified to Tier 2 FTP exhaust standards prior to the 2004 model year, 
or any

[[Page 1020]]

HLDT or MDPV which is certified to the Tier 2 FTP exhaust standards 
prior to the 2008 model year, to utilize alternate phase-in schedules 
and/or for purposes of generating and banking Tier 2 NOX 
credits, must comply with all the exhaust emission requirements 
applicable to Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs or HLDT/ MDPVs, as applicable, under this 
subpart.
    (g) Interim non-Tier 2 LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs. Model year 2004-2008 
LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs, that do not comply with the Tier 2 FTP exhaust 
emission requirements (interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and interim non-Tier 
2 HLDT/MDPVs) as permitted under the phase-in requirements of 
Sec. 86.1811-04(k) must comply with all applicable interim non-Tier 2 
exhaust emission requirements contained in this subpart, including FTP 
exhaust emission requirements for all interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and 
HLDT/MDPVs found at Sec. 86.1811-04(l). Additional emission bins and 
separate fleet average NOX emission standards and other 
provisions are provided for interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs, and interim 
non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs.
    (h) Applicablity of provisions of this subpart to LDVs, LDTs and 
MDPVs. Numerous sections in this subpart provide requirements or 
procedures applicable to a ``vehicle'' or ``vehicles''. Unless otherwise 
specified or otherwise determined by the Administrator, the term 
``vehicle'' or ``vehicles'' in those provisions apply equally to LDVs, 
LDTs and MDPVs.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6851, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1802-01  Section numbering; construction.

    (a) Section numbering. The model year of initial applicability is 
indicated by the section number. The two digits following the hyphen 
designate the first model year for which a section is applicable. The 
section continues to apply to subsequent model years unless a later 
model year section is adopted. Example: Section 86.18xx-01 applies to 
the 2001 and subsequent model years. If a Sec. 86.18xx-03 is promulgated 
it would apply beginning with the 2003 model year; Sec. 86.18xx-01 would 
apply to model years 2001 through 2002.
    (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the 
section applicable for the appropriate model year.



Sec. 86.1803-01  Definitions.

    The following definitions apply to this subpart:
    505 Cycle means the test cycle that consists of the first 505 
seconds (seconds 1 to 505) of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving 
Schedule, described in Sec. 86.115-00 and listed in Appendix I, 
paragraph (a), of this part.
    866 Cycle means the test cycle that consists of the last 866 seconds 
(seconds 506 to 1372) of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, 
described in Sec. 86.115-00 and listed in Appendix I, paragraph (a), of 
this part.
    Abnormally treated vehicle means any diesel light-duty vehicle or 
diesel light-duty truck that is operated for less than five miles in a 
30 day period immediately prior to conducting a particulate emissions 
test.
    AC1 means a test procedure as described in Sec. 86.162-00 which 
simulates testing with air conditioning operating in an environmental 
test cell by adding the air conditioning compressor load to the normal 
dynamometer forces.
    AC2 means a test procedure as described in Sec. 86.162-00 which 
simulates testing with air conditioning operating in an environmental 
test cell by adding a heat load to the passenger compartment.
    Accuracy means the difference between a measurement and true value.
    Act means Part A of Title II of the Clean Air Act as amended, 42 
U.S.C., 7401, et seq.
    Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of 
vehicle curb weight and gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency or his/her authorized representative.
    Alternative fuels means any fuel other than gasoline and diesel 
fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, and gaseous fuels.
    Approach angle means the smallest angle in a plan side view of an 
automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is 
standing and a line tangent to the front tire static

[[Page 1021]]

loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the automobile forward 
of the front tire.
    As-received condition means the condition of an in-use vehicle 
procured for emission testing required by this subpart upon which no 
adjustments, maintenance, or component replacement has occurred 
subsequent to the vehicle's last routine operation by the vehicle's 
owner, lessee, or operator prior to procurement.
    Auxiliary Emission Control Device (AECD) means any element of design 
which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, 
manifold vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, 
modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the 
emission control system.
    Axle clearance means the vertical distance from the level surface on 
which an automobile is standing to the lowest point on the axle 
differential of the automobile.
    Basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine 
displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by 
number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage, 
and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified 
by the Administrator.
    Basic vehicle frontal area means the area enclosed by the geometric 
projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis, which 
includes tires but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto a plane 
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
    Bi-directional control means the capability of a diagnostic tool to 
send messages on the data bus that temporarily overrides the module's 
control over a sensor or actuator and gives control to the diagnostic 
tool operator. Bi-directional controls do not create permanent changes 
to engine or component calibrations.
    Bin or emission bin means a set of emission standards applicable to 
exhaust pollutants measured on the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). A bin 
is equivalent to a horizontal row of FTP standards in Tables S04-1 and 
S04-2 shown in this subpart. Manufacturers are generally free to choose 
the bin of standards that will apply to a certain test group of 
vehicles, provided that on a sales weighted average of those bins, all 
of their vehicles meet a specified fleet average standard for a 
particular pollutant.
    Body style means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as 
defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, 
fastback, hatchback).
    Body type means a name denoting a group of vehicles that are either 
in the same car line or in different car lines provided the only reason 
the vehicles qualify to be considered in different car lines is that 
they are produced by a separate division of a single manufacturer.
    Breakover angle means the supplement of the largest angle, in the 
plan side view of an automobile, that can be formed by two lines tangent 
to the front and rear static loaded radii arcs and intersecting at a 
point on the underside of the automobile.
    Calibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances, 
unique to a particular design, version, or application of a component or 
components assembly capable of functionally describing its operation 
over its working range.
    Calibration gas means a gas of known concentration which is used to 
establish the response curve of an analyzer.
    CalLEV II or California LEV II refers to California's second phase 
of its low emission vehicle (LEV) program. This program was adopted at 
the hearing of the California Air Resources Board held on November 5, 
1998 and became effective on November 27, 1999.
    Candidate in-use vehicle means an in-use vehicle which would be 
eligible to participate in the in-use verification program in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1845-01.
    Car line means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or 
car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., 
body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or 
opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as 
roofline, number of doors, seats, or windows except for station wagons 
or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are 
considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.

[[Page 1022]]

    Certification Short Test (CST) means the test, for gasoline-fueled 
Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, performed in 
accordance with the procedures contained in 40 CFR part 86, subpart O.
    Configuration means a subclassification within a test group which is 
based on engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear 
ratios, final drive ratio, and other parameters which may be designated 
by the Administrator.
    Conveniently available service facility and spare parts for small-
volume manufacturers means that the vehicle manufacturer has a qualified 
service facility at or near the authorized point of sale or delivery of 
its vehicles and maintains an inventory of all emission-related spare 
parts or has made arrangements for the part manufacturers to supply the 
parts by expedited shipment (e.g., utilizing overnight express delivery 
service, UPS, etc.).
    Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the 
atmosphere from any portion of the engine crankcase ventilation or 
lubrication systems.
    Critical emission-related components are those components which are 
designed primarily for emission control, or whose failure may result in 
a significant increase in emissions accompanied by no significant 
impairment (or perhaps even an improvement) in performance, 
driveability, and/or fuel economy as determined by the Administrator.
    Critical emission-related maintenance means that maintenance to be 
performed on critical emission-related components.
    Curb weight means the actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight 
of the vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment, and 
weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional 
equipment computed in accordance with Sec. 86.1832-01; incomplete light-
duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer.
    Curb-idle means, for manual transmission code light-duty vehicles 
and trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with 
the clutch disengaged and with the air conditioning system, if present, 
turned off. For automatic transmission code light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks, curb-idle means the engine speed with the automatic 
transmission in the park position (or neutral position if there is no 
park position), and with the air conditioning system, if present, turned 
off.
    Data stream information means information (i.e., messages and 
parameters) originated within the vehicle by a module or intelligent 
sensors (i.e., a sensor that contains and is controlled by its own 
module) and transmitted between a network of modules and/or intelligent 
sensors connected in parallel with either one or two communication 
wires. The information is broadcast over the communication wires for use 
by other modules (e.g., chassis, transmission, etc.) to conduct normal 
vehicle operation or for use by diagnostic tools. Data stream 
information does not include engine calibration related information.
    Dedicated vehicle means any motor vehicle engineered and designed to 
be operated using a single fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles and multi-fuel 
vehicles are not dedicated vehicles.
    Defeat device means an auxiliary emission control device (AECD) that 
reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under 
conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal 
vehicle operation and use, unless:
    (1) Such conditions are substantially included in the Federal 
emission test procedure;
    (2) The need for the AECD is justified in terms of protecting the 
vehicle against damage or accident; or
    (3) The AECD does not go beyond the requirements of engine starting.
    Departure angle means the smallest angle, in a plan side view of a 
motor vehicle, formed by the level surface on which the motor vehicle is 
standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius arc 
and touching the underside of the motor vehicle rearward of the rear 
tire.
    Diesel means a type of engine with operating characteristics 
significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The 
non-use of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of a diesel 
engine.

[[Page 1023]]

    Dispensed fuel temperature means the temperature (deg. F or deg. C 
may be used) of the fuel being dispensed into the tank of the test 
vehicle during a refueling test.
    Diurnal breathing losses means diurnal emissions.
    Diurnal emissions means evaporative emissions resulting from the 
daily cycling of ambient temperatures.
    Drive train configuration means a unique combination of engine code, 
transmission configuration, and axle ratio.
    Dual fuel vehicle means any motor vehicle engineered and designed to 
be operated on two different fuels, but not on a mixture of the fuels.
    Durability data vehicle means a vehicle used to generate durability 
data as required in this subpart.
    Durability group means the basic classification unit of a 
manufacturer's product line used for the purpose of selecting a vehicle 
configuration to demonstrate durability and predict deterioration in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1822-01.
    Durability useful life means the highest useful life mileage out of 
the set of all useful life mileages that apply to a given vehicle. The 
durability useful life determines the duration of service accumulation 
on a durability data vehicle. The determination of durability useful 
life shall reflect any light-duty truck alternative useful life periods 
approved by the Administrator under Sec. 86.1805-01(c). The 
determination of durability useful life shall exclude any standard and 
related useful life mileage for which the manufacturer has obtained a 
waiver of emission data submission requirements under Sec. 86.1829-01.
    Element of design means any control system (i.e., computer software, 
electronic control system, emission control system, computer logic), 
and/or control system calibrations, and/or the results of systems 
interaction, and/ or hardware items on a motor vehicle or motor vehicle 
engine.
    Emission control system is a unique group of emission control 
devices, auxiliary emission control devices, engine modifications and 
strategies, and other elements of design designated by the Administrator 
used to control exhaust emissions of a vehicle.
    Emission-related component means any component which can affect 
emissions.
    Emission-related maintenance means that maintenance which does 
substantially affect emissions or which is likely to affect the 
emissions deterioration of the vehicle during normal in-use operation, 
even if the maintenance is performed at some time other than that which 
is recommended.
    Engine code means a unique combination within a test group of 
displacement, fuel injection (or carburetor) calibration, choke 
calibration, distributor calibration, auxiliary emission control 
devices, and other engine and emission control system components 
specified by the Administrator.
    Engine warm-up cycle means sufficient vehicle operation such that 
the coolant temperature has risen by at least 40 deg. F from engine 
starting and reaches a minimum temperature of 160 deg. F.
    Environmental test cell means a test cell capable of wind-speed, 
solar thermal load, ambient temperature, and humidity control or 
simulation which meets the requirements of Sec. 86.161-00 for running 
emission tests with the air conditioning operating.
    EPA Enforcement Officer means any officer or employee of the 
Environmental Protection Agency so designated in writing by the 
Administrator (or by his/her designee).
    Equivalent test weight means the weight, within an inertia weight 
class, which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle and which 
is based on its loaded vehicle weight or adjusted loaded vehicle weight 
in accordance with the provisions of this Part.
    Evaporative emissions means hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere 
from a motor vehicle, other than exhaust and crankcase emissions.
    Evaporative/refueling control system means a unique combination 
within an evaporative/refueling family of canister adsorptive material, 
purge system configuration, purge strategy, and other parameters 
determined by the Administrator to affect evaporative and refueling 
emission control system durability or deterioration factors.
    Evaporative/refueling emission code means a unique combination, in 
an

[[Page 1024]]

evaporative/refueling family-evaporative emission control system 
combination, of purge system calibrations, fuel tank and carburetor bowl 
vent calibrations and other fuel system and evaporative emission control 
system components and calibrations specified by the Administrator.
    Evaporative/refueling family means the basic classification unit of 
a manufacturers' product line used for the purpose of evaporative and 
refueling emissions test fleet selection and determined in accordance 
with Sec. 86.1821-01.
    Evaporative/refueling vehicle configuration means a unique 
combination of basic engine, engine code, body type, and evaporative 
emission code.
    Exhaust emissions means substances emitted to the atmosphere from 
any opening downstream from the exhaust port of a motor vehicle engine.
    Exhaust gas recirculation valve means a device which directs a 
portion of the exhaust gas into the intake air stream for the purpose of 
controlling emissions.
    Federal Test Procedure, or FTP means the test procedure as described 
in Sec. 86.130-00(a) through (d) and (f) which is designed to measure 
urban driving tail pipe exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions over 
the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as described in Appendix I to 
this part.
    Fixed liquid level gauge means a type of liquid level gauge used on 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles which uses a relatively small 
positive shutoff valve and is designed to indicate when the liquid level 
in the fuel tank being filled reaches the proper fill level. The venting 
of fuel vapor and/or liquid fuel to the atmosphere during the refueling 
event is generally associated with the use of the fixed liquid level 
gauge.
    Fleet average NOX standard means, for light-duty 
vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles, a 
NOX standard imposed over an individual manufacturer's total 
U.S. sales (or a fraction of total U.S. sales during phase-in years), as 
`U.S. sales'' is defined in this subpart, of a given model year. 
Manufacturers determine their compliance with such a standard by 
averaging, on a sales weighted basis, the individual NOX 
standards they choose for the fleet of light-duty vehicles, light-duty 
trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles they sell of that model year.
    Flexible fuel vehicle means any motor vehicle engineered and 
designed to be operated on a petroleum fuel, a methanol fuel, or any 
mixture of the two. Methanol-fueled vehicles that are only marginally 
functional when using gasoline (e.g., the engine has a drop in rated 
horsepower of more than 80 percent) are not flexible fuel vehicles.
    Fuel system means the combination of fuel tank(s), fuel pump, fuel 
lines, and carburetor or fuel injection components, and includes all 
fuel system vents and fuel evaporative emission control system 
components.
    Gaseous fuel means natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas.
    Gross vehicle weight means the manufacturer's gross weight rating 
for the individual vehicle.
    Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the 
manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle.
    Hang-up refers to the process of hydrocarbon molecules being 
adsorbed, condensed, or by any other method removed from the sample flow 
prior to reaching the instrument detector. It also refers to any 
subsequent desorption of the molecules into the sample flow when they 
are assumed to be absent.
    Heating degree day means the number of degrees per day the daily 
average temperature is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The daily average 
temperature is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperature for a 24-
hour period. The annual heating degree day value is derived by summing 
the daily heating degree days over a calendar year period.
    Heavy light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated greater than 
6000 lbs GVWR. The LDT3 and LDT4 classifications comprise the heavy 
light-duty truck category.
    Heavy-duty engine means any engine which the engine manufacturer 
could reasonably expect to be used for motive power in a heavy-duty 
vehicle.
    Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle rated at more than 8,500 
pounds GVWR or that has a vehicle curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds 
or

[[Page 1025]]

that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45 square feet.
    High altitude means any elevation over 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).
    High-altitude conditions means a test altitude of 1,620 meters 
(5,315 feet), plus or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equivalent 
observed barometric test conditions of 83.3 kPa (24.2 inches Hg) plus or 
minus 1 kPa (0.30 Hg).
    Hot-soak emissions and Hot-soak losses means evaporative emissions 
after termination of engine operation.
    Incomplete truck means any truck which does not have the primary 
load carrying device or container attached.
    Indirect information means any information that is not specifically 
contained in the service literature, but is contained in items such as 
tools or equipment provided to franchised dealers (or others).
    Inertia weight class means the class, which is a group of equivalent 
test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its test weight 
basis in accordance with the provisions of this Part 86.
    Integrated refueling emission control system means a system where 
vapors resulting from refueling are stored in a common vapor storage 
unit(s) with other evaporative emissions of the vehicle and are purged 
through a common purge system.
    Interim non-Tier 2 vehicle, interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDT, interim 
non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV, or interim vehicle refer to 2004 or later model 
year light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks or MDPVs, or a specific 
combination thereof, not certified to Tier 2 FTP exhaust emission 
standards during the Tier 2 phase-in period. Model year 2004 HLDTs 
belonging to test groups whose model year commences before December 21, 
2003, are not interim non-Tier 2 HLDTs unless their manufacturer chooses 
to comply with the interim requirements applicable to HLDTs for all of 
its 2004 model year HLDTs as permitted in this subpart. Similarly 2004 
model year heavy-duty vehicles whose model year commences before 
December 21, 2003, are not interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs unless their 
manufacturer chooses to comply with the interim requirements applicable 
to MDPVs for all of its 2004 model year MDPVs as permitted in this 
subpart. The terms interim non-Tier 2 vehicle, interim non-Tier 2 LDV, 
interim non-Tier 2 LDT, interim non-Tier 2 HLDT, interim non-Tier 2 
MDPV, etc. have the same meaning without the words ``non-Tier 2''.
    Intermediary means any individual or entity, other than a 
manufacturer, which provides service or equipment to automotive 
technicians.
    Intermediate temperature cold testing means testing done pursuant to 
the driving cycle and testing conditions contained in subpart C of this 
part, at temperatures between 25 deg.F (-4 deg. C) and 68 deg. F (20 
deg. C).
    In-use vehicle means a customer owned and operated vehicle which is 
not under the control of the manufacturer, dealerships or their agents. 
Leased vehicles will be considered in-use vehicles for the purpose of 
this subpart if the vehicles meet the criteria specified in 
Sec. 86.1845-01.
    In-use verification program (IUVP) means the testing program 
conducted by manufacturers which gathers in-use emission data in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1848-01.
    LDV/T means light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks collectively, 
without regard to category.
    Light light-duty truck means any light-duty truck rated up through 
6000 lbs GVWR. The LDT1 and LDT2 classifications compose the light 
light-duty truck category.
    Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR 
or less which has a curb weight of 6,000 pounds or less and which has a 
basic vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or less, which is:
    (1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or 
is a derivation of such a vehicle; or
    (2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a 
capacity of more than 12 persons; or
    (3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-
highway operation and use.
    Light-duty truck 1 (LDT1) means any light light-duty truck up 
through 3750 lbs loaded vehicle weight.
    Light-duty truck 2 (LDT2) means any light light-duty truck greater 
than 3750 lbs loaded vehicle weight.

[[Page 1026]]

    Light-duty truck 3 (LDT3) means any heavy light-duty truck up 
through 5750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight.
    Light-duty truck 4 (LDT4) means any heavy light-duty truck greater 
than 5750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight.
    Light-duty vehicle means a passenger car or passenger car derivative 
capable of seating 12 passengers or less.
    Liquefied petroleum gas means a liquid hydrocarbon fuel that is 
stored under pressure and is composed primarily of species that are 
gases at atmospheric conditions (temperature = 25 deg. C and pressure = 
1 atm), excluding natural gas.
    Loaded vehicle weight means the vehicle's curb weight plus 300 
pounds.
    Low altitude means any elevation equal to or less than 1,219 meters 
(4,000 feet).
    Low altitude conditions means a test altitude less than 549 meters 
(1,800 feet).
    Malfunction means not operating according to specifications (e.g., 
those specifications listed in the certification application).
    Medium-duty passenger vehicle (MDPV) means any heavy-duty vehicle 
(as defined in this subpart) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) 
of less than 10,000 pounds that is designed primarily for the 
transportation of persons. The MDPV definition does not include any 
vehicle which:
    (1) Is an ``incomplete truck'' as defined in this subpart; or
    (2) Has a seating capacity of more than 12 persons; or
    (3) Is designed for more than 9 persons in seating rearward of the 
driver's seat; or
    (4) Is equipped with an open cargo area (for example, a pick-up 
truck box or bed) of 72.0 inches in interior length or more. A covered 
box not readily accessible from the passenger compartment will be 
considered an open cargo area for purposes of this definition.
    Methanol-fueled vehicle means any motor vehicle or motor vehicle 
engine that is engineered and designed to be operated using methanol 
fuel (i.e., a fuel that contains at least 50 percent methanol (CH3OH) by 
volume) as fuel. Model means a specific combination of car line, body 
style, and drivetrain configuration.
    Model type means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and 
transmission class.
    Model year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as 
determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such 
calendar year: Provided that if the manufacturer has no annual 
production period, the term ``model year'' shall mean the calendar year.
    Multi-fuel means capable of operating on two or more different fuel 
types, either separately or simultaneously.
    Natural gas means a fuel whose primary constituent is methane.
    Nominal fuel tank capacity means the volume of the fuel tank(s), 
specified by the manufacturer to the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon, 
which may be filled with fuel from the fuel tank filler inlet.
    Non-emission-related maintenance means that maintenance which does 
not substantially affect emissions and which does not have a lasting 
effect on the emissions deterioration of the vehicle or engine during 
normal in-use operation once the maintenance is performed.
    Non-integrated refueling emission control system means a system 
where fuel vapors from refueling are stored in a vapor storage unit 
assigned solely to the function of storing refueling vapors.
    Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass 
emissions of non-oxygenated non-methane hydrocarbons, methanol, 
formaldehyde, or other organic compounds that are separately measured, 
expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle hydrocarbons. In the case of 
exhaust emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent 
hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. In the case of diurnal and hot soak emissions, 
the hydrogen-to-carbon ratios of the equivalent hydrocarbons are 2.33:1 
and 2.2:1, respectively.
    Non-methane organic gases (NMOG) means the sum of oxygenated and 
non-oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in a gas sample as measured in 
accordance with the California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures. 
These requirements are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1)

[[Page 1027]]

    Non-oxygenated hydrocarbon means organic emissions measured by a 
flame ionization detector, excluding methanol.
    N/V means the ratio of engine speed in revolutions per minute (rpm) 
to vehicle speed in miles per hour in the top transmission gear. At the 
manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the 
lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used 
to determine N/V.
    Option, in the context of a vehicle design feature, means any 
available equipment or feature not standard equipment on a model.
    Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) means the manufacturer 
responsible for the design and production of a vehicle or component. 
This manufacturer will be fully knowledgeable of any production changes 
made to the design of the vehicle or component and shall be able to 
track the individual vehicles or component with regard to such 
production changes.
    Otto-cycle means type of engine with operating characteristics 
significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. The use 
of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of an Otto-cycle 
engine.
    Oxides of nitrogen means the sum of the nitric oxide and nitrogen 
dioxide contained in a gas sample as if the nitric oxide were in the 
form of nitrogen dioxide.
    Periodically regenerating trap oxidizer system means a trap oxidizer 
that utilizes, during normal driving conditions, an automated 
regeneration mode for cleaning the trap, the operation of which can be 
easily detected.
    Petroleum fuel means liquid fuels normally derived from crude oil, 
excluding liquefied petroleum gas. Gasoline and diesel fuel are 
petroleum fuels.
    Point of first sale means the location where the completed vehicle 
is first purchased. This term is synonymous with final product purchase 
location. The point of first sale may be a retail customer, dealer, 
distributor, fleet operator, broker, secondary manufacturer, or any 
other entity which purchases a vehicle from a manufacturer. In cases 
where the end user purchases the completed vehicle directly from the 
manufacturer, the end user is the point of first sale.
    Precision means the standard deviation of replicated measurements.
    Proven emission control systems are emission control components or 
systems (and fuel metering systems) that have completed full durability 
testing evaluation over a vehicle's useful life in some other certified 
test group, or have completed bench or road testing demonstrated to be 
equal or more severe than certification mileage accumulation 
requirements. Alternatively, proven components or systems are those that 
are determined by EPA to be of comparable functional quality and 
manufactured using comparable materials and production techniques as 
components or systems which have been durability demonstrated in some 
other certified test group. In addition, the components or systems must 
be employed in an operating environment (e.g., temperature, exhaust 
flow, etc.,) similar to that experienced by the original or comparable 
components or systems in the original certified test group.
    Recall program means the program administered by the Agency under 
the authority of CAA section 207, and regulations in 40 CFR part 85.
    Reconfigured emission-data vehicle means an emission-data vehicle 
obtained by modifying a previously used emission-data vehicle to 
represent another emission-data vehicle.
    Refueling emissions means evaporative emissions that emanate from a 
motor vehicle fuel tank(s) during a refueling operation.
    Refueling emissions canister(s) means any vapor storage unit(s) that 
is exposed to the vapors generated during refueling.
    Resting losses means evaporative emissions that may occur 
continuously, that are not diurnal emissions, hot soak emissions, 
refueling emissions, running losses, or spitback emissions.
    Round, rounded or rounding means, unless otherwise specified, that 
numbers will be rounded according to ASTM-E29-93a, which is incorporated 
by reference in this part pursuant to Sec. 86.1.

[[Page 1028]]

    Running change means a change to a vehicle or addition of a model 
which occurs after certification but during vehicle production.
    Running losses means evaporative emissions that occur during vehicle 
operation.
    SC03 means the test cycle, described in Sec. 86.160-00 and listed in 
Appendix I, paragraph (h), of this part, which is designed to represent 
driving immediately following startup.
    Scheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal, 
disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems 
which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or 
vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction, or 
anticipated as necessary from inspection to correct an overt indication 
of vehicle malfunction or failure for which periodic maintenance is not 
appropriate.
    Similar emission control systems are engine, fuel metering and 
emission control system combinations which use the same fuel (e.g., 
gasoline, diesel, etc.), combustion cycle (e.g., two or four stroke), 
general type of fuel system (e.g., carburetor or fuel injection), 
catalyst system (e.g., none, oxidization, three-way plus oxidization, 
three-way only, etc.), fuel control system (e.g., feedback or non-
feedback), secondary air system (e.g., equipped or not equipped) and 
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) (e.g., equipped or not equipped).
    Span gas means a gas of known concentration which is used routinely 
to set the output level of an analyzer.
    Special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and 
use means a vehicle that has:
    (1) Four-wheel drive; and
    (2) At least four of the following characteristics calculated when 
the automobile is at curb weight, on a level surface, with the front 
wheels parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and the tires 
inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure; approach angle of 
not less than 28 degrees, breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees, 
departure angle of not less than 20 degrees, running clearance of not 
less than 8 inches, and front and rear axle clearances of not less than 
7 inches each.
    Spitback emissions means evaporative emissions resulting from the 
loss of liquid fuel that is emitted from a vehicle during a fueling 
operation.
    Standard equipment means those features or equipment which are 
marketed on a vehicle over which the purchaser can exercise no choice.
    Static loaded radius arc means a portion of a circle whose center is 
the center of a standard tire-rim combination of an automobile and whose 
radius is the distance from that center to the level surface on which 
the automobile is standing, measured with the automobile at curb weight, 
the wheel parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and the 
tire inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure.
    Supplemental FTP (SFTP) means the additional test procedures 
designed to measure emissions during aggressive and microtransient 
driving, as described in Sec. 86.159-00 over the US06 cycle, and also 
the test procedure designed to measure urban driving emissions while the 
vehicle's air conditioning system is operating, as described in 
Sec. 86.160-00 over the SC03 cycle.
    Tank fuel volume means the volume of fuel in the fuel tank(s), which 
is determined by taking the manufacturer's nominal fuel tank(s) capacity 
and multiplying by 0.40. The result is rounded to the nearest tenth of a 
U.S. gallon in accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM 
E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 
Determine Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference; 
see Sec. 86.1)
    Test group means the basic classification unit within a durability 
group used for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with exhaust 
emission standards in accordance with Sec. 86.1841-01. The test group is 
also used as a classification unit for gathering in-use data for the In-
Use Verification Program (IUVP) in accordance with Sec. 86.1848-01.
    Test weight basis means the basis on which equivalent test weight is 
determined in accordance with Sec. 86.129-00 of subpart B of this part.

[[Page 1029]]

    Throttle means a device used to control an engine's power output by 
limiting the amount of air entering the combustion chamber.
    Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV means any heavy light-duty truck or medium-duty 
passenger vehicle, including HEVs and ZEVs, of the 2008 or later model 
year certified to comply with the Tier 2 FTP exhaust standards contained 
in Sec. 86.1811-04 including the 0.07 g/mi fleet average NOX 
standard. The term Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV also includes any heavy light-duty 
truck or medium-duty passenger vehicle, of any model year, which is 
certified to Tier 2 FTP exhaust standards for purposes of generating or 
banking early NOX credits for averaging under Tier 2 
requirements, or utilizing alternate phase-in schedules, as allowed in 
this subpart.
    Tier 2 LDV/LLDT means any light-duty vehicle or light light-duty 
truck, including HEVs and ZEVs, of the 2004 or later model year 
certified to comply with the Tier 2 FTP exhaust standards contained in 
Sec. 86.1811-04 including the 0.07 g/mi fleet average NOX 
standard. The term Tier 2 LDV/LLDT also includes any light-duty vehicle 
or light light-duty truck, of any model year, which is certified to Tier 
2 FTP exhaust standards for purposes of generating or banking early 
NOX credits for averaging under Tier 2 requirements, or 
utilizing alternate phase-in schedules as allowed in this subpart.
    Tier 2 standards means those FTP exhaust emission standards 
including the 0.07 g/mi full useful life fleet average NOX 
standard, applicable to new light-duty vehicles and light light-duty 
trucks that begin a phase-in in the 2004 model year, and those exhaust 
emission standards including the 0.07 g/mi full useful life fleet 
average NOX standard, applicable to heavy light-duty trucks 
and medium-duty passenger vehicles that begin a phase-in in the 2008 
model year. These standards are found in Sec. 86.1811-04 of this 
subpart.
    Tier 2 vehicle means any vehicle certified to comply with the Tier 2 
FTP exhaust standards contained in Sec. 86.1811-04 including the 0.07 g/
mi fleet average NOX standard.
    Total hydrocarbon equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass 
emissions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, methanol, formaldehyde or 
other organic compounds that are separately measured, expressed as 
gasoline-fueled vehicle hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, 
the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. In 
the case of diurnal and hot soak emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon 
ratios of the equivalent hydrocarbons are 2.33:1 and 2.2:1, 
respectively.
    Transmission class means the basic type of transmission, e.g., 
manual, automatic, semiautomatic.
    Transmission configuration means a unique combination, within a 
transmission class, of the number of the forward gears and, if 
applicable, overdrive. The Administrator may further subdivide a 
transmission configuration (based on such criteria as gear ratios, 
torque convertor multiplication ratio, stall speed and shift 
calibration, etc.), if she/he determines that significant fuel economy 
or exhaust emission differences exist within that transmission 
configuration.
    U.S. sales means, unless otherwise specified, sales in any state of 
the United States except for California or a state that has adopted 
California motor vehicle standards for that model year pursuant to 
section 177 of the Clean Air Act. This definition applies only to those 
regulatory requirements addressing Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 
vehicles.
    Unproven emission control systems are emission control components or 
systems (and fuel metering systems) that do not qualify as proven 
emission control systems.
    Unscheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal 
disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems 
which is performed to correct a part failure or vehicle (if the engine 
were installed in a vehicle) malfunction which was not anticipated.
    US06 means the test cycle, described in Sec. 86.159-00 and listed in 
appendix I, paragraph (g), of this part, which is designed to evaluate 
emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving.
    Useful life means the period of use or time during which an emission 
standard applies to light-duty vehicles and

[[Page 1030]]

light-duty trucks, as described in Sec. 86.1805-01.
    Van means a light-duty truck having an integral enclosure, fully 
enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying device, and having no 
body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge 
of the windshield.
    Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, 
engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle 
ratio.
    Zero (0) miles means that point after initial engine starting (not 
to exceed 100 miles of vehicle operation, or three hours of engine 
operation) at which normal assembly line operations and adjustments are 
completed, and including emission testing, if performed.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6851, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1804-01  Acronyms and abbreviations.

    The following abbreviations apply to this subpart:

A/C--Air conditioning.
AECD--Auxiliary emission control device.
ALVW--Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight.
API--American Petroleum Institute.
ASTM--American Society for Testing and Materials.
C--Celsius.
cfm--Cubic feet per minute.
CFV--Critical flow venturi.
CFV-CVS--Critical flow venturi--constant volume sampler.
CH3OH--Methanol.
CID--Cubic inch displacement.
Cl--Chemiluminescence.
CO--Carbon monoxide.
CO2--Carbon dioxide.
conc.--Concentration.
CST--Certification Short Test.
cu. in.--Cubic inch(es).
CVS--Constant volume sampler.
DDV--Durability Data Vehicle.
deg.--Degree(s).
DNPH--2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
EDV--Emission Data Vehicle.
EP--End point.
ETW--Equivalent test weight.
F--Fahrenheit.
FID--Flame ionization detector.
ft.--Feet.
FTP--Federal Test Procedure.
g--gram(s).
gal.--U.S. gallon(s).
GC--Gas chromatograph.
GVW--Gross vehicle weight.
GVWR--Gross vehicle weight rating.
H2O--Water.
HC--Hydrocarbon(s).
HCHO--Formaldehyde.
HEV--Hybrid electric vehicle.
HFID--Heated flame ionization detector.
Hg--Mercury.
HLDT--Heavy light-duty truck. Includes only those trucks over 6000 
pounds GVWR (LDT3s and LDT4s).
HLDT/MDPV--Heavy light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
hp--Horsepower.
HPLC--High-pressure liquid chromatography.
IBP--Initial boiling point.
in.--Inch(es).
IUVP--In-Use Verification Program.
K--Kelvin.
kg--Kilogram(s).
km--Kilometer(s).
kPa--Kilopascal(s).
lb.--Pound(s).
LDT1--Light-duty truck 1.
LDT2--Light-duty truck 2.
LDT3--Light-duty truck 3.
LDT4--Light-duty truck 4.
LDV/LLDT--Light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks. Includes only 
those trucks rated at 6000 pounds GVWR or less (LDT1s and LDT2s).
LDV/T--Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. This term is used 
collectively to include, or to show that a provision applies to, all 
light-duty vehicles and all categories of light-duty trucks, i.e.
LDT1, LDT2, LDT3 and LDT4.
LEV--Low Emission Vehicle.
LPG--Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
m--Meter(s).
max.--Maximum.
MDPV--Medium-duty passenger vehicle.
mg--Milligram(s).
mi.--Mile(s).
min.--Minimum.
ml--Milliliter(s).
mm--Millimeter(s).
mph--Miles per hour.
mV--Millivolt
N2--Nitrogen.
NDIR--Nondispersive infrared.
NLEV--Refers to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program. Regulations 
governing this program are found at subpart R of this part.
NMHC--Nonmethane Hydrocarbons.
NMHCE--Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent.
NMOG--Non-methane organic gases.
NO--nitric oxide.
No.--Number.
O2--Oxygen.
OEM--Original equipment manufacturer.
NO2--Nitrogen dioxide.
NOX--Oxides of nitrogen.
Pb--Lead.
pct.--Percent.

[[Page 1031]]

PDP-CVS--Positive displacement pump--constant volume sampler.
ppm--Parts per million by volume.
PM--Particulate Matter.
ppm C--Parts per million, carbon.
psi--Pounds per square inch.
R--Rankin.
RAF--Reactivity adjustment factor.
rpm--Revolutions per minute.
RVP--Reid vapor pressure.
s--Second(s).
SAE--Society of Automotive Engineers.
SFTP--Supplemental Federal Test Procedure.
SI--International system of units.
SULEV--Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle.
TD--dispensed fuel temperature.
THC--Total Hydrocarbons.
THCE--Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent.
TLEV--Transitional Low Emission Vehicle.
UDDS--Urban dynamometer driving schedule.
ULEV--Ultra Low Emission Vehicle.
UV--Ultraviolet.
vs--Versus.
W--Watt(s).
WOT--Wide open throttle.
Wt.--Weight.
ZEV--Zero Emission Vehicle.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6852, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1805-01  Useful life.

    (a) Intermediate useful life is a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 
miles, which ever occurs first.
    (b) Full useful life is as follows:
    (1) For light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks full useful 
life is a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, which ever occurs 
first.
    (2) For heavy light-duty trucks full useful life is a period of use 
of 11 years or 120,000 miles, which ever occurs first.
    (c) Manufacturers may petition the Administrator to provide 
alternative useful life periods for light-duty trucks when they believe 
that the useful life periods are significantly unrepresentative for one 
or more test groups (either too long or too short). This petition must 
include the full rationale behind the request together with any 
supporting data and other evidence. Based on this or other information 
the Administrator may assign an alternative useful-life period. Any 
petition should be submitted in a timely manner, to allow adequate time 
for a thorough evaluation. Alternative useful life periods will be 
granted only for THC, THCE, and idle CO requirements.



Sec. 86.1805-04  Useful life.

    (a) Except as required under paragraph (b) of this section or 
permitted under paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of this section, the full 
useful life for all LDVs, LDT1s and LDT2s is a period of use of 10 years 
or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first. For all HLDTs and MDPVs, full 
useful life is a period of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs 
first. This full useful life applies to all exhaust, evaporative and 
refueling emission requirements except for standards which are specified 
to only be applicable at the time of certification.
    (b) Manufacturers may elect to optionally certify a test group to 
the Tier 2 exhaust emission standards for 150,000 miles to gain 
additional NOX credits, as permitted in Sec. 86.1860-04(g), 
or to opt out of intermediate life standards as permitted in 
Sec. 86.1811-04(c). In such cases, useful life is a period of use of 15 
years or 150,000 miles, whichever occurs first, for all exhaust, 
evaporative and refueling emission requirements except for cold CO 
standards and standards which are applicable only at the time of 
certification.
    (c) Where intermediate useful life exhaust emission standards are 
applicable, such standards are applicable for five years or 50,000 
miles, whichever occurs first.
    (d) Where cold CO standards are applicable, the useful life 
requirement for compliance with the cold CO standard only, is 5 years or 
50,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (e) Where LDVs, LDT1s and LDT2s of the 2003 or earlier model years 
are certified to Tier 2 exhaust emission standards for purposes of 
generating early Tier 2 NOX credits, manufacturers may 
certify those vehicles to full useful lives of 100,000 miles in lieu of 
the otherwise required 120,000 mile full useful lives, as provided under 
Sec. 86.1861-04(c)(4).
    (f) For interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs, the useful life requirement 
for exhaust, evaporative and refueling emissions is 10 years or 100,000 
miles, whichever occurs first.

[65 FR 6852, Feb. 10, 2000]

[[Page 1032]]



Sec. 86.1806-01  On-board diagnostics.

    (a)(1) Except as provided by paragraph (a)(2) of this section, all 
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and MDPVs must be equipped with 
an onboard diagnostic (OBD) system capable of monitoring, for each 
vehicle's useful life, all emission-related powertrain systems or 
components. All systems and components required to be monitored by these 
regulations must be evaluated periodically, but no less frequently than 
once per Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as defined in Appendix I, 
paragraph (a), of this part, or similar trip as approved by the 
Administrator.
    (2) Diesel fueled chassis-certified MDPVs and engine-certified 
diesel engines used in MDPVs, are subject to the requirements of this 
section only if the exhaust emission certification of the applicable 
test group is being carried across from a California configuration to 
which California OBD-II requirements are applicable.
    (b) Malfunction descriptions. The OBD system shall detect and 
identify malfunctions in all monitored emission-related powertrain 
systems or components according to the following malfunction definitions 
as measured and calculated in accordance with test procedures set forth 
in subpart B of this part, excluding those test procedures described in 
Sec. 86.158-00. Paragraph (b)(1) of this section does not apply to 
diesel cycle light-duty vehicles or diesel cycle light-duty trucks, 
except where the catalyst is needed for NMHC control. Paragraphs (b)(2), 
(b)(3), and (b)(4) of this section do not apply to diesel cycle light-
duty vehicles or diesel cycle light-duty trucks.
    (1) Catalyst deterioration or malfunction before it results in an 
increase in NMHC emissions 1.5 times the NMHC standard, as compared to 
the NMHC emission level measured using a representative 4000 mile 
catalyst system.
    (2) Engine misfire resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 
times the applicable standard for NMHC, CO or NOX; and any 
misfire capable of damaging the catalytic converter.
    (3) Oxygen sensor deterioration or malfunction resulting in exhaust 
emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable standard for NMHC, CO or 
NOX.
    (4) Any vapor leak in the evaporative and/or refueling system 
(excluding the tubing and connections between the purge valve and the 
intake manifold) greater than or equal in magnitude to a leak caused by 
a 0.040 inch diameter orifice; any absence of evaporative purge air flow 
from the complete evaporative emission control system. On vehicles with 
fuel tank capacity greater than 25 gallons, the Administrator may, 
following a request from the manufacturer, revise the size of the 
orifice to the smallest orifice feasible, based on test data, if the 
most reliable monitoring method available cannot reliably detect a 
system leak equal to a 0.040 inch diameter orifice.
    (5) Any deterioration or malfunction occurring in a powertrain 
system or component directly intended to control emissions, including 
but not necessarily limited to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) 
system, if equipped, the secondary air system, if equipped, and the fuel 
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 
times the applicable emission standard for NMHC, CO or NOX. 
For vehicles equipped with a secondary air system, a functional check, 
as described in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, may satisfy the 
requirements of this paragraph provided the manufacturer can demonstrate 
that deterioration of the flow distribution system is unlikely. This 
demonstration is subject to Administrator approval and, if the 
demonstration and associated functional check are approved, the 
diagnostic system shall indicate a malfunction when some degree of 
secondary airflow is not detectable in the exhaust system during the 
check. For vehicles equipped with positive crankcase ventilation (PCV), 
monitoring of the PCV system is not necessary provided the manufacturer 
can demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that the PCV system 
is unlikely to fail.
    (6) Any other deterioration or malfunction occurring in an 
electronic emission-related powertrain system or component not otherwise 
described above that either provides input to or receives commands from 
the on-board computer and has a measurable impact on emissions; 
monitoring of components required by this paragraph shall

[[Page 1033]]

be satisfied by employing electrical circuit continuity checks and 
rationality checks for computer input components (input values within 
manufacturer specified ranges), and functionality checks for computer 
output components (proper functional response to computer commands) 
except that the Administrator may waive such a rationality or 
functionality check where the manufacturer has demonstrated 
infeasibility; malfunctions are defined as a failure of the system or 
component to meet the electrical circuit continuity checks or the 
rationality or functionality checks.
    (7) Oxygen sensor or any other component deterioration or 
malfunction which renders that sensor or component incapable of 
performing its function as part of the OBD system shall be detected and 
identified on vehicles so equipped.
    (8) For Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 hybrid electric vehicles 
(HEVs) only. Unless added to HEVs in compliance with other requirements 
of this section, or unless otherwise approved by the Administrator:
    (i) The manufacturer must equip each HEV with a maintenance 
indicator consisting of a light that must activate automatically by 
illuminating the first time the minimum performance level is observed 
for each battery system component. Possible battery system components 
requiring monitoring are: battery water level, temperature control, 
pressure control, and other parameters critical for determining battery 
condition.
    (ii) The manufacturer must equip ``off-vehicle charge capable HEVs'' 
with a useful life indicator for the battery system consisting of a 
light that must illuminate the first time the battery system is unable 
to achieve an all-electric operating range (starting from a full state-
of-charge) which is at least 75 percent of the range determined for the 
vehicle in the Urban Driving Schedule portion of the All-Electric Range 
Test (see the California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures 
for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 2001 and 
Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-
Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes. These requirements are 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (iii) The manufacturer must equip each HEV with a separate odometer 
or other device subject to the approval of the Administrator that can 
accurately measure the mileage accumulation on the engines used in these 
vehicles.
    (c) Malfunction indicator light. The OBD system shall incorporate a 
malfunction indicator light (MIL) readily visible to the vehicle 
operator. When illuminated, it shall display ``Check Engine,'' ``Service 
Engine Soon,'' a universally recognizable engine symbol, or a similar 
phrase or symbol approved by the Administrator. A vehicle shall not be 
equipped with more than one general purpose malfunction indicator light 
for emission-related problems; separate specific purpose warning lights 
(e.g. brake system, fasten seat belt, oil pressure, etc.) are permitted. 
The use of red for the OBD-related malfunction indicator light is 
prohibited.
    (d) MIL illumination. (1) The MIL shall illuminate and remain 
illuminated when any of the conditions specified in paragraph (b) of 
this section are detected and verified, or whenever the engine control 
enters a default or secondary mode of operation considered abnormal for 
the given engine operating conditions. The MIL shall blink once per 
second under any period of operation during which engine misfire is 
occurring and catalyst damage is imminent. If such misfire is detected 
again during the following driving cycle (i.e., operation consisting of, 
at a minimum, engine start-up and engine shut-off) or the next driving 
cycle in which similar conditions are encountered, the MIL shall 
maintain a steady illumination when the misfire is not occurring and 
shall remain illuminated until the MIL extinguishing criteria of this 
section are satisfied. The MIL shall also illuminate when the vehicle's 
ignition is in the ``key-on'' position before engine starting or 
cranking and extinguish after engine starting if no malfunction has 
previously been detected. If a fuel system or engine misfire malfunction 
has previously been detected, the MIL may be extinguished if the 
malfunction does not reoccur during three subsequent sequential trips 
during which similar conditions

[[Page 1034]]

are encountered (engine speed is within 375 rpm, engine load is within 
20 percent, and the engine's warm-up status is the same as that under 
which the malfunction was first detected), and no new malfunctions have 
been detected. If any malfunction other than a fuel system or engine 
misfire malfunction has been detected, the MIL may be extinguished if 
the malfunction does not reoccur during three subsequent sequential 
trips during which the monitoring system responsible for illuminating 
the MIL functions without detecting the malfunction, and no new 
malfunctions have been detected. Upon Administrator approval, 
statistical MIL illumination protocols may be employed, provided they 
result in comparable timeliness in detecting a malfunction and 
evaluating system performance, i.e., three to six driving cycles would 
be considered acceptable.
    (2)(i) For interim non-Tier 2 and Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs, 
vehicles produced through the 2007 model year, upon a manufacturer's 
written request, EPA will consider allowing the use of an on-board 
diagnostic system during the certification process, that functions 
properly on low-sulfur gasoline, but indicates sulfur-induced passes 
when exposed to high sulfur gasoline.
    (ii) For interim non-Tier 2 and Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs, if 
vehicles produced through the 2007 model year exhibit illuminations of 
the emission control diagnostic system malfunction indicator light due 
to high sulfur gasoline, EPA will consider, upon a manufacturer's 
written request, allowing modifications to such vehicles on a case-by-
case basis so as to eliminate the sulfur induced illumination.
    (e) Storing of computer codes. The emission control diagnostic 
system shall record and store in computer memory diagnostic trouble 
codes and diagnostic readiness codes indicating the status of the 
emission control system. These codes shall be available through the 
standardized data link connector per SAE J1979 specifications as 
incorporated by reference in paragraph (h) of this section.
    (1) A diagnostic trouble code shall be stored for any detected and 
verified malfunction causing MIL illumination. The stored diagnostic 
trouble code shall identify the malfunctioning system or component as 
uniquely as possible. At the manufacturer's discretion, a diagnostic 
trouble code may be stored for conditions not causing MIL illumination. 
Regardless, a separate code should be stored indicating the expected MIL 
illumination status (i.e., MIL commanded ``ON,'' MIL commanded ``OFF'').
    (2) For a single misfiring cylinder, the diagnostic trouble code(s) 
shall uniquely identify the cylinder, unless the manufacturer submits 
data and/or engineering evaluations which adequately demonstrate that 
the misfiring cylinder cannot be reliably identified under certain 
operating conditions. The diagnostic trouble code shall identify 
multiple misfiring cylinder conditions; under multiple misfire 
conditions, the misfiring cylinders need not be uniquely identified if a 
distinct multiple misfire diagnostic trouble code is stored.
    (3) The diagnostic system may erase a diagnostic trouble code if the 
same code is not re-registered in at least 40 engine warm-up cycles, and 
the malfunction indicator light is not illuminated for that code.
    (4) Separate status codes, or readiness codes, shall be stored in 
computer memory to identify correctly functioning emission control 
systems and those emission control systems which require further vehicle 
operation to complete proper diagnostic evaluation. A readiness code 
need not be stored for those monitors that can be considered 
continuously operating monitors (e.g., misfire monitor, fuel system 
monitor, etc.). Readiness codes should never be set to ``not ready'' 
status upon key-on or key-off; intentional setting of readiness codes to 
``not ready'' status via service procedures must apply to all such 
codes, rather than applying to individual codes. Subject to 
Administrator approval, if monitoring is disabled for a multiple number 
of driving cycles (i.e., more than one) due to the continued presence of 
extreme operating conditions (e.g., ambient temperatures below 40 deg.F, 
or altitudes above 8000 feet), readiness for the subject monitoring 
system may be set to ``ready'' status without monitoring

[[Page 1035]]

having been completed. Administrator approval shall be based on the 
conditions for monitoring system disablement, and the number of driving 
cycles specified without completion of monitoring before readiness is 
indicated.
    (f) Available diagnostic data. (1) Upon determination of the first 
malfunction of any component or system, ``freeze frame'' engine 
conditions present at the time shall be stored in computer memory. 
Should a subsequent fuel system or misfire malfunction occur, any 
previously stored freeze frame conditions shall be replaced by the fuel 
system or misfire conditions (whichever occurs first). Stored engine 
conditions shall include, but are not limited to: engine speed, open or 
closed loop operation, fuel system commands, coolant temperature, 
calculated load value, fuel pressure, vehicle speed, air flow rate, and 
intake manifold pressure if the information needed to determine these 
conditions is available to the computer. For freeze frame storage, the 
manufacturer shall include the most appropriate set of conditions to 
facilitate effective repairs. If the diagnostic trouble code causing the 
conditions to be stored is erased in accordance with paragraph (d) of 
this section, the stored engine conditions may also be erased.
    (2) The following data in addition to the required freeze frame 
information shall be made available on demand through the serial port on 
the standardized data link connector, if the information is available to 
the on-board computer or can be determined using information available 
to the on-board computer: Diagnostic trouble codes, engine coolant 
temperature, fuel control system status (closed loop, open loop, other), 
fuel trim, ignition timing advance, intake air temperature, manifold air 
pressure, air flow rate, engine RPM, throttle position sensor output 
value, secondary air status (upstream, downstream, or atmosphere), 
calculated load value, vehicle speed, and fuel pressure. The signals 
shall be provided in standard units based on SAE specifications 
incorporated by reference in paragraph (h) of this section. Actual 
signals shall be clearly identified separately from default value or 
limp home signals.
    (3) For all emission control systems for which specific on-board 
evaluation tests are conducted (catalyst, oxygen sensor, etc.), the 
results of the most recent test performed by the vehicle, and the limits 
to which the system is compared shall be available through the 
standardized data link connector per SAE J1979 specifications as 
incorporated by reference in paragraph (h) of this section.
    (4) Access to the data required to be made available under this 
section shall be unrestricted and shall not require any access codes or 
devices that are only available from the manufacturer.
    (g) The emission control diagnostic system is not required to 
evaluate systems or components during malfunction conditions if such 
evaluation would result in a risk to safety or failure of systems or 
components. Additionally, the diagnostic system is not required to 
evaluate systems or components during operation of a power take-off unit 
such as a dump bed, snow plow blade, or aerial bucket, etc.
    (h) Incorporation by reference materials. The emission control 
diagnostic system shall provide for standardized access and conform with 
the following Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards and/or the 
following International Standards Organization (ISO) standards. The 
following documents are incorporated by reference. This incorporation by 
reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in 
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be 
inspected at Docket No. A-90-35 at EPA's Air docket (LE-131), room 1500 
M, 1st Floor, Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC, or at 
the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 
700, Washington, DC.
    (1) SAE material. Copies of these materials may be obtained from the 
Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
    (i) SAE J1850 ``Class B Data Communication Network Interface,'' 
(July 1995) shall be used as the on-board to off-board communications 
protocol. All emission related messages sent to the scan tool over a 
J1850 data link shall use the Cyclic Redundancy Check and

[[Page 1036]]

the three byte header, and shall not use inter-byte separation or 
checksums.
    (ii) Basic diagnostic data (as specified in Secs. 86.094-17(e) and 
(f)) shall be provided in the format and units in SAE J1979 July 1996 E/
E Diagnostic Test Modes.''
    (iii) Diagnostic trouble codes shall be consistent with SAE J2012 
July 1996 ``Recommended Practices for Diagnostic Trouble Code 
Definitions.''
    (iv) The connection interface between the OBD system and test 
equipment and diagnostic tools shall meet the functional requirements of 
SAE J1962 January 1995 ``Diagnostic Connector.''
    (2) ISO materials. Copies of these materials may be obtained from 
the International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-
1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.
    (i) ISO 9141-2 February 1994 ``Road vehicles--Diagnostic systems--
Part 2: CARB requirements for interchange of digital information,'' may 
be used as an alternative to SAE J1850 as the on-board to off-board 
communications protocol.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (i) Deficiencies and alternate fueled vehicles. Upon application by 
the manufacturer, the Administrator may accept an OBD system as 
compliant even though specific requirements are not fully met. Such 
compliances without meeting specific requirements, or deficiencies, will 
be granted only if compliance would be infeasible or unreasonable 
considering such factors as, but not limited to, technical feasibility 
of the given monitor, lead time and production cycles including phase-in 
or phase-out of engines or vehicle designs and programmed upgrades of 
computers, and if any unmet requirements are not carried over from the 
previous model year except where unreasonable hardware or software 
modifications would be necessary to correct the non-compliance, and the 
manufacturer has demonstrated an acceptable level of effort toward 
compliance as determined by the Administrator. Furthermore, EPA will not 
accept any deficiency requests that include the complete lack of a major 
diagnostic monitor (``major'' diagnostic monitors being those for the 
catalyst, oxygen sensor, engine misfire, and evaporative leaks), with 
the possible exception of the special provisions for alternate fueled 
vehicles. For alternate fueled vehicles (e.g. natural gas, liquefied 
petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol), beginning with the model year for 
which alternate fuel emission standards are applicable and extending 
through the 2004 model year, manufacturers may request the Administrator 
to waive specific monitoring requirements of this section for which 
monitoring may not be reliable with respect to the use of the alternate 
fuel. At a minimum, alternate fuel vehicles shall be equipped with an 
OBD system meeting OBD requirements to the extent feasible as approved 
by the Administrator.
    (j) Demonstration of compliance with California OBD II requirements 
(Title 13 California Code Sec. 1968.1), as modified pursuant to 
California Mail Out #97-24 (December 9, 1997), shall satisfy the 
requirements of this section, except that compliance with Title 13 
California Code Secs. 1968.1(b)(4.2.2), pertaining to evaporative leak 
detection, and 1968.1(d), pertaining to tampering protection, are not 
required to satisfy the requirements of this section, and the deficiency 
fine provisions of 1968.1(m)(6.1) and (6.2) shall not apply.
    (k) For engine families required to have an emission control 
diagnostic system (an OBD system), certification will not be granted if, 
for any test vehicle approved by the Administrator in consultation with 
the manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate 
under any of the following circumstances, unless the manufacturer can 
demonstrate that any identified OBD problems discovered during the 
Administrator's evaluation will be corrected on production vehicles. 
Only paragraphs (k)(5) and (k)(6) of this section apply to diesel cycle 
vehicles and diesel cycle trucks where such vehicles and trucks are so 
equipped.
    (1) A catalyst is replaced with a deteriorated or defective 
catalyst, or an electronic simulation of such, resulting in an increase 
of 1.5 times the NMHC standard above the NMHC emission

[[Page 1037]]

level measured using a representative 4000 mile catalyst system.
    (2) An engine misfire condition is induced resulting in exhaust 
emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable standards for NMHC, CO or 
NOX.
    (3) Any oxygen sensor is replaced with a deteriorated or defective 
oxygen sensor, or an electronic simulation of such, resulting in exhaust 
emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable standard for NMHC, CO or 
NOX.
    (4) A vapor leak is introduced in the evaporative and/or refueling 
system (excluding the tubing and connections between the purge valve and 
the intake manifold) greater than or equal in magnitude to a leak caused 
by a 0.040 inch diameter orifice, or the evaporative purge air flow is 
blocked or otherwise eliminated from the complete evaporative emission 
control system.
    (5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related 
powertrain system or component, including but not necessarily limited 
to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, the 
secondary air system, if equipped, and the fuel control system, 
singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 times the 
applicable emission standard for NMHC, CO or NOX.
    (6) A malfunction condition is induced in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described above 
that either provides input to or receives commands from the on-board 
computer resulting in a measurable impact on emissions.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6853, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1807-01  Vehicle labeling.

    (a) The manufacturer of any motor vehicle subject to the applicable 
emission standards of this subpart, shall, at the time of manufacture, 
affix a permanent legible label, of the type and in the manner described 
in this section, containing the information prescribed in this section, 
to all production models of such vehicles available for sale to the 
public and covered by a Certificate of Conformity under Sec. 86.1848-01.
    (1) A permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible 
position in the engine compartment.
    (2) The label shall be affixed by the vehicle manufacturer who has 
been issued the Certificate of Conformity for such vehicle, in such 
manner that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the 
label. The label shall not be affixed to any equipment which is easily 
detached from such vehicle.
    (3) The label shall contain the following information lettered in 
the English language in block letters and numerals, which shall be of a 
color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (i) The label heading: Vehicle Emission Control Information;
    (ii) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer;
    (iii) Engine displacement (in cubic inches or liters), test group 
identification and evaporative/refueling family identification;
    (iv) Engine tune-up specifications and adjustments, as recommended 
by the manufacturer in accordance with the applicable emission 
standards, including but not limited to idle speed(s), ignition timing, 
the idle air-fuel mixture setting procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, 
idle air-fuel ratio, idle speed drop), high idle speed, initial 
injection timing and valve lash (as applicable), as well as other 
parameters deemed necessary by the manufacturer. These specifications 
should indicate the proper transmission position during tune-up and what 
accessories (e.g., air conditioner), if any, should be in operation;
    (v) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 
model year U.S. EPA regulations which apply to light-duty vehicles or 
light-duty trucks;
    (vi) The exhaust emission standards to which the test group is 
certified, and for test groups having different in-use standards, the 
corresponding exhaust emission standards that the test group must meet 
in use. In lieu of this requirement, manufacturers may use the 
standardized test group name designated by EPA;
    (vii) The vacuum hose routing diagram is required if the vehicles 
are equipped with vacuum actuated emission and emission-related 
components. The manufacturer may, at its option, use a separate label 
for the vacuum

[[Page 1038]]

hose diagram provided that the vacuum hose diagram is placed in a 
visible and accessible position as described in this section;
    (viii) Vehicles granted final admission under 40 CFR 85.1505 must 
comply with the labeling requirements contained in 40 CFR 85.1510;
    (ix) (A) For vehicles exempted from compliance with certain revised 
performance warranty procedures, as specified in Sec. 86.1829-
01(b)(4)(iii), a statement indicating the specific performance warranty 
test(s) of 40 CFR part 85, subpart W, not to be performed.
    (B) For vehicles exempted from compliance with all revised 
performance warranty procedures, as specified in Sec. 86.1829-
01(b)(4)(iv), a statement indicating:
    (1) That none of the performance warranty tests of 40 CFR part 85, 
subpart W, is to be performed; and
    (2) The name of the Administrator-approved alternative test 
procedure to be performed;
    (x) For vehicles designed to be capable of operating on fuels other 
than gasoline or diesel, the statement ``This vehicle is certified to 
operate on [specify fuel(s)]''.
    (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a manufacturer 
from also reciting on the label that such vehicle (or engine) conforms 
to any applicable state emission standards for new motor vehicles (or 
new motor vehicle engines) or any other information that such 
manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, the proper operation and 
satisfactory maintenance of the vehicle (or engine).
    (c)(1) The manufacturer of any light-duty vehicle or light-duty 
truck subject to the emission standards of this subpart shall, in 
addition and subsequent to setting forth those statements on the label 
required by the Department of Transportation (DOT) pursuant to 49 CFR 
567.4, set forth on the DOT label or on an additional label located in 
proximity to the DOT label and affixed as described n 49 CFR 567.4(b), 
the following information in the English language, lettered in block 
letters and numerals not less than three thirty-seconds of an inch high, 
of a color that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (i) The heading: ``Vehicle Emission Control Information.''
    (ii)(A) For light-duty vehicles, the statement: ``This Vehicle 
Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to XXX-Fueled 20XX Model 
Year New Motor Vehicles.''
    (B) For light-duty trucks, the statement: ``This Vehicle Conforms to 
U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to XXX-Fueled 20XX Model Year New Light-
Duty Trucks.''
    (iii) One of the following statements, as applicable, in letters and 
numerals not less than six-thirty-seconds of an inch high and of a color 
that contrasts with the background of the label:
    (A) For all vehicles certified as noncatalyst-equipped: ``NON-
CATALYST'';
    (B) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which approval 
has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST--APPROVED FOR IMPORT'';
    (C) For all vehicles certified as catalyst-equipped which are not 
included in a manufacturer's catalyst control program for which prior 
approval has been given by the Administrator: ``CATALYST''.
    (2) In lieu of selecting either of the labeling options of paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may add the information 
required by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section to the label required 
by paragraph (a) of this section. The required information will be set 
forth in the manner prescribed by paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (d) Incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the following prominent 
statement printed on the label required by paragraph (a)(3)(v) of this 
section: ``This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 
20xx Model year Light-Duty Trucks under the special provisions of 
Sec. 86.1801-01(c)(1) when it does not exceed XXX pounds in curb weight, 
XXX pounds in gross vehicle weight rating, and XXX square feet in 
frontal area.''
    (e) The manufacturer of any incomplete light-duty vehicle or light-
duty truck shall notify the purchaser of such vehicle of any curb 
weight, frontal area, or gross vehicle weight rating limitations 
affecting the emission certificate applicable to that vehicle. This

[[Page 1039]]

notification shall be transmitted in a manner consistent with National 
Highway Safety Administration safety notification requirements published 
in 49 CFR part 568.
    (f) All light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks shall comply with 
SAE Recommended Practices J1877 ``Recommended Practice for Bar-Coded 
Vehicle Identification Number Label,'' (October 1993), and J1892 
``Recommended Practice for Bar-Coded Vehicle Emission Configuration 
Label,'' (July 1994). SAE J1877 and J1892 are incorporated by reference. 
This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. 
Copies may be obtained from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 
400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Copies may be 
inspected at Docket No. A-90-35 at EPA's Air Docket (LE-131), room 
1500M, 1st Floor, Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC, or 
at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., 
Suite 700, Washington, DC.
    (g) The Administrator may approve in advance other label formats 
provided the information contained on the label is substantively the 
same as that required in paragraph (c) of this section.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6853, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1808-01  Maintenance instructions.

    (a) The manufacturer shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the 
purchaser of each new motor vehicle subject to the standards prescribed 
in this subpart, as applicable, written instructions for the proper 
maintenance and use of the vehicle, by the purchaser consistent with the 
provisions of Sec. 86.1834-01, which establishes what scheduled 
maintenance the Administrator approves as being reasonable and 
necessary.
    (1) The maintenance instructions required by this section shall be 
in clear, and to the extent practicable, nontechnical language.
    (2) The maintenance instructions required by this section shall 
contain a general description of the documentation which the 
manufacturer will require from the ultimate purchaser or any subsequent 
purchaser as evidence of compliance with the instructions.
    (b) Instructions provided to purchasers under paragraph (a) of this 
section shall specify the performance of all scheduled maintenance 
performed by the manufacturer on certification durability vehicles and, 
in cases where the manufacturer performs less maintenance on 
certification durability data vehicles than the allowed limit, may 
specify the performance of any scheduled maintenance allowed under 
Sec. 86.1834-01.
    (c) Scheduled emission-related maintenance in addition to that 
performed under Sec. 86.1834-01 may only be recommended to offset the 
effects of abnormal in-use operating conditions, except as provided in 
paragraph (d) of this section. The manufacturer shall be required to 
demonstrate, subject to the approval of the Administrator, that such 
maintenance is reasonable and technologically necessary to assure the 
proper functioning of the emission control system. Such additional 
recommended maintenance shall be clearly differentiated, in a form 
approved by the Administrator, from that approved under Sec. 86.1834-01.
    (d) Inspections of emission-related parts or systems with 
instructions to replace, repair, clean, or adjust the parts or systems 
if necessary, are not considered to be items of scheduled maintenance 
which insure the proper functioning of the emission control system. Such 
inspections, and any recommended maintenance beyond that approved by the 
Administrator as reasonable and necessary under paragraphs (a), (b), and 
(c) of this section, may be included in the written instructions 
furnished to vehicle owners under paragraph (a) of this section, 
provided that such instructions clearly state, in a form approved by the 
Administrator, that the owner need not perform such inspections or 
recommended maintenance in order to maintain the emission warranty or 
manufacturer recall liability.
    (e) If the vehicle has been granted an alternative useful life 
period under the provisions of Sec. 86.1805-01(c), the manufacturer may 
choose to include in such

[[Page 1040]]

instructions an explanation of the distinction between the alternative 
useful life specified on the label, and the emissions defect and 
emissions performance warranty period. The explanation must clearly 
state that the useful life period specified on the label represents the 
average period of use up to retirement or rebuild for the test group 
represented by the engine used in the vehicle. An explanation of how the 
actual useful lives of engines used in various applications are expected 
to differ from the average useful life may be included. The 
explanation(s) shall be in clear, non-technical language that is 
understandable to the ultimate purchaser.
    (f) Emission control diagnostic service information:
    (1) Manufacturers shall furnish or cause to be furnished to any 
person engaged in the repairing or servicing of motor vehicles or motor 
vehicle engines, or the Administrator upon request, any and all 
information needed to make use of the on-board diagnostic system and 
such other information, including instructions for making emission-
related diagnosis and repairs, including, but not limited to, service 
manuals, technical service bulletins, recall service information, data 
stream information, bi-directional control information, and training 
information, unless such information is protected by section 208(c) as a 
trade secret. No such information may be withheld under section 208(c) 
of the Act if that information is provided (directly or indirectly) by 
the manufacturer to franchised dealers or other persons engaged in the 
repair, diagnosing, or servicing of motor vehicles or motor vehicle 
engines.
    (2) Emission-related information includes, but is not limited to:
    (i) Information regarding any system, component or part of a vehicle 
that controls emissions and any system, components and/or parts 
associated with the powertrain system, including, but not limited to, 
the fuel system and ignition system;
    (ii) Information for any system, component, or part that is likely 
to impact emissions, such as transmission systems; and
    (iii) Any other information specified by the Administrator to be 
relevant for the diagnosis and repair of an emission failure found 
through the Inspection and Maintenance program, after such finding has 
been communicated to the affected manufacturer(s).
    (3) All information required to be made available by this section 
shall be made available to persons referred to in this section at a fair 
and reasonable price, as determined by the Administrator. In reaching a 
decision, the Administrator shall consider all relevant factors, 
including, but not limited to, the cost to the manufacturer of preparing 
and/or providing the information, the type of information, the format in 
which it is provided, the price charged by other manufacturers for 
similar information, the differences that exist among manufacturers 
(e.g., the size of the manufacturer), the quantity of material contained 
in a publication, the detail of the information, the cost of the 
information prior to August 9, 1995, volume discounts, and inflation.
    (4) Any information which is not provided at a fair and reasonable 
price shall be considered unavailable. Manufacturers shall make the 
information required under this section available to persons specified 
in paragraph (f)(1) of this section at the same time it is made 
available to dealerships, except as otherwise specified in this section.
    (5) Each manufacturer shall provide in a manner specified in 
paragraph (g)(9) of this section an index of the information required to 
be made available by this section for vehicles which have been offered 
for sale; this requirement does not apply to indirect information, 
including the information specified in paragraph (g)(10) of this 
section. This index shall:
    (i) Be updated on the first and third Monday of each month;
    (ii) Provide titles that either adequately describes the contents of 
the document to which it refers or provides a brief description of the 
information contained in that document; and
    (iii) Provide the cost of information and where it can be obtained.
    (6) Manufacturers shall make the information required under this 
section

[[Page 1041]]

available to persons specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section at 
the same time it is made available to dealerships, except as otherwise 
specified in this section.
    (7) Each manufacturer shall maintain the index of information 
specified in paragraph (f)(5) of this section on FedWorld or other 
database designated by the Administrator. Manufacturers shall inform 
persons specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section about the 
availability of the index in a manner prescribed by the Administrator.
    (8) Each manufacturer shall be responsible for paying its pro rata 
share of any costs associated with establishing and maintaining the 
index of emission-related service and repair information provided for in 
paragraphs (f)(5) and (f)(7) of this section.
    (9) Manufacturers or their designated distributors must mail 
requested information within one business day of receiving an order, and 
shall provide overnight delivery if the ordering party requests it and 
assumes the cost of delivery.
    (10) All emission-related data stream information made available to 
manufacturers' franchised dealerships (or others in the service 
industry) shall be made available to the persons indicated in paragraph 
(f)(1) of this section either through provision of manufacturer 
equipment and tools or through provision of such information to 
equipment and tool manufacturers.
    (11) A manufacturer shall only provide bi-directional control to its 
franchised dealerships if it provides equipment and tool manufacturers 
with information to make diagnostic equipment with the same bi-
directional control capabilities available to the dealerships, or if it 
provides such capabilities directly to persons specified in paragraph 
(f)(1) of this section by offering for sale at a reasonable cost through 
manufacturer tools.
    (12) Manufacturers shall make data stream information and bi-
directional control information available as specified in paragraphs 
(f)(10) and (f)(11) of this section.
    (13) Manufacturers shall make available to persons indicated in 
paragraph (f)(1) of this section in the manner described in paragraph 
(f)(16) of this section reprogramming capability for all emission-
related reprogramming events (including driveability reprogramming 
events that may affect emissions) that are issued by manufacturers at 
the same time they are made available to dealerships.
    (14) For all vehicles, reprogramming need not be provided for any 
recalibrations performed prior to vehicles entering the stream of 
commerce (i.e., sale to first purchaser).
    (15) [Reserved]
    (16) Manufacturers shall either offer for sale at a competitive 
market price a reprogramming tool that interfaces with a substantial 
majority of generic portable computers or make available to aftermarket 
tool and equipment companies information that would enable them to 
manufacture such a tool. Any method adopted by a manufacturer by which 
reprogramming is made available to persons specified in paragraph (f)(1) 
of this section shall not impose a significant burden on such providers 
beyond that experienced by dealerships.
    (17) Manufacturers shall be responsible for ensuring that persons 
specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section shall have access to 
reprogramming services at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner.
    (18) Manufacturers shall provide persons specified in paragraph 
(f)(1) of this section with an efficient and cost-effective method for 
identifying whether the calibrations on vehicles are the latest to be 
issued.
    (19) Manufacturers shall either make available to aftermarket tool 
and equipment companies no later than the date of model introduction any 
and all information, except calibrations and recalibrations, needed to 
develop and manufacture generic tools that can be used by persons 
specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section to diagnose, service and 
repair emission-related parts, components and systems or manufacturers 
may sell their own diagnostic tools and equipment to persons specified 
in paragraph (f)(1) of this section if the price of such tools is 
reasonable.
    (20) A manufacturer is subject to a penalty of up to $25,000 per day 
per violation for failure to make available the information required by 
this section.

[[Page 1042]]



Sec. 86.1809-01  Prohibition of defeat devices.

    (a) No new light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck shall be equipped 
with a defeat device.
    (b) The Administrator may test or require testing on any vehicle at 
a designated location, using driving cycles and conditions which may 
reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal operation and use, 
for the purposes of investigating a potential defeat device.
    (c) For cold temperature CO emission control, the Administrator will 
use a guideline to determine the appropriateness of the CO emission 
control at ambient temperatures between 25 deg. F (-4 deg. C) and 68 
deg. F (20 deg. C). The guideline for CO emission congruity across the 
intermediate temperature range is the linear interpolation between the 
CO standard applicable at 25 deg. F (-4 deg. C) and the CO standard 
applicable at 68 deg. F (20 deg. C). For vehicles that exceed this CO 
emissions guideline upon intermediate temperature cold testing:
    (1) If the CO emission level is greater than the 20 deg. F (-7 deg. 
C) emission standard, the vehicle will automatically be considered to be 
equipped with a defeat device without further investigation.
    (2) If the CO emission level does not exceed the 20 deg. F emission 
standard, the Administrator may investigate the vehicle design for the 
presence of a defeat device under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (d) For vehicle designs designated by the Administrator to be 
investigated for possible defeat devices:
    (1) The manufacturer must show to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator that the vehicle design does not incorporate strategies 
that unnecessarily reduce emission control effectiveness exhibited 
during the Federal or Supplemental Federal emissions test procedures 
(FTP or SFTP) when the vehicle is operated under conditions which may 
reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal operation and use.
    (2) Information requirements:
    (i) Upon request by the Administrator, the manufacturer will provide 
an explanation containing detailed information regarding test programs, 
engineering evaluations, design specifications, calibrations, on-board 
computer algorithms, and design strategies incorporated for operation 
both during and outside of the Federal emission test procedure.
    (ii) For purposes of investigations of possible cold temperature CO 
defeat devices under this paragraph (d), the manufacturer shall provide 
an explanation which must show, to the satisfaction of the 
Administrator, that CO emissions are reasonably controlled in reference 
to the linear guideline, across the intermediate temperature range.
    (e) For each test group of Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs and 
interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs the manufacturer must 
submit, with the Part II certification application, an engineering 
evaluation demonstrating to the satisfaction of the Administrator that a 
discontinuity in emissions of non-methane organic gases, carbon 
monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and formaldehyde measured on the Federal 
Test Procedure (subpart B of this part) does not occur in the 
temperature range of 20 to 86 degrees F. For diesel vehicles, the 
engineering evaluation must also include particulate emissions.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6853, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1810-01  General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; waivers.

    This section applies to model year 2001 and later light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, 
natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas fuels. Multi-fueled vehicles 
(including dual-fueled and flexible-fueled vehicles) shall comply with 
all requirements established for each consumed fuel (or blend of fuels 
in the case of flexible fueled vehicles). The standards of this subpart 
apply to both certification and in-use vehicles unless otherwise 
indicated. For Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 vehicles, this section also 
applies to hybrid electric vehicles and zero emission vehicles. Unless 
otherwise specified, requirements and provisions of this subpart 
applicable to methanol fueled vehicles

[[Page 1043]]

are also applicable to Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 ethanol fueled 
vehicles.
    (a) Any device, system or element of design installed on or 
incorporated in a new motor vehicle to enable such vehicle to conform to 
the standards imposed by this subpart:
    (1) Shall not in its operation or function cause the emission into 
the ambient air of any noxious or toxic substance that would not be 
emitted in the operation of such vehicle without such system, except as 
specifically permitted by regulation; and
    (2) Shall not in its operation, function or malfunction result in 
any unsafe condition endangering the vehicle, its occupants, or persons 
or property in close proximity to the vehicle.
    (b) In establishing the physically adjustable range of each 
adjustable parameter on a new motor vehicle, the manufacturer shall 
ensure that, taking into consideration the production tolerances, safe 
vehicle drive ability characteristics are available within that range, 
as required by section 202(a)(4) of the Clean Air Act.
    (c) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicles subject to any of the 
standards imposed by this subpart shall, prior to taking any of the 
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be 
tested motor vehicles (or motor vehicle engines) in accordance with good 
engineering judgment to ascertain that such test vehicles will meet the 
requirements of this section for the useful life of the vehicle.
    (d) Crankcase emissions prohibited. No crankcase emissions shall be 
discharged into the ambient atmosphere from any 2001 and later model 
year light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck.
    (e) On-board diagnostics. All light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks must have an on-board diagnostic system as described in 
Sec. 86.1806-01.
    (f) Altitude requirements. Except for supplemental exhaust emission 
standards (which apply only at low altitude conditions), all emission 
standards apply at low altitude conditions and at high altitude 
conditions. Interim non-Tier 2 LDV/Ts may be certified to applicable 
Tier 1 exhaust emission standards at high altitude as set forth in 
Secs. 86.1811-01, 86.1812-01, 86.1813-01, 86.1814-02 and 86.1815-02. 
Requirements to meet emission standards at high altitude are optional 
for interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs.
    (g) The standards set forth in this part refer to test procedures 
set forth in subparts B, C, O and P of this part.
    (h) For methanol-fueled and natural gas-fueled vehicles, hydrocarbon 
standards refer to hydrocarbon equivalents and nonmethane hydrocarbon 
standards refer to nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalents.
    (i) Supplemental FTP general provisions. (1) Implementation 
schedules. A minimum of the percentage of a manufacturer's model year 
sales of light-duty vehicles or light light-duty trucks (considered 
independently) shown in Table S01-1 and heavy light-duty trucks shown in 
Table S01-2 shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards found in 
paragraph (b) of Secs. 86.1811-01, 1812-01, 1813-01, 1814-02, and 1815-
02 when tested under the applicable procedures in subpart B of this 
part. Tables S01-1 and S01-2 follow:

  Table S01-1--SFTP Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles and
                         Light Light-Duty Trucks
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000......................................................            40
2001......................................................            80
2002......................................................           100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table S01-2--SFTP Implementation Schedule for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002......................................................            40
2003......................................................            80
2004......................................................           100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Optionally, a minimum of the percentage shown in Table S01-1 of 
a manufacturer's combined sales of the applicable model year's light-
duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the 
applicable SFTP standards. Under this option, the light-duty vehicles 
shall not exceed the applicable SFTP standards in Sec. 86.1811-01(b), 
and the light light-duty trucks shall not exceed the applicable SFTP 
standards in Sec. 86.1812-01(b) or Sec. 86.1813-01(b) as applicable.

[[Page 1044]]

    (3) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining compliance 
with the applicable SFTP emission standards shall be based on total 
actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of the applicable model year by 
a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any 
other entity which comprises the point of first sale. If the option of 
paragraph (i)(2) of this section is taken, such sales percentages shall 
be based on the total actual combined U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles 
and light light-duty trucks of the applicable model year by a 
manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any 
other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (4) The SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles or trucks certified 
on alternative fuels, but the standards do apply to the gasoline and 
diesel fuel operation of flexible fuel vehicles and trucks and dual fuel 
vehicles and trucks.
    (5) The SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles or trucks tested at 
high altitude.
    (6) The air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any time than the 
leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best 
torque), plus a tolerance of six percent. The Administrator may approve 
a manufacturer's request for additional enrichment if it can be shown 
that additional enrichment is needed to protect the engine or emissions 
control hardware. For Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 vehicles, this 
provision does not apply to enrichment that occurs upon cold start, 
warm-up conditions and rapid-throttle motion conditions (``tip-in'' or 
``tip-out'' conditions).
    (7) The requirement to use a single roll dynamometer (or a 
dynamometer which produces equivalent results), discussed in 
Secs. 86.108-00, 86.118-00, and 86.129-00 of subpart B of this part, 
applies to all SFTP and FTP test elements as set forth in subpart B of 
this part for test groups which are designated as SFTP compliant under 
the implementation schedules in Tables S01-1 and S01-2 in paragraph 
(i)(1) of this section.
    (8) Small volume provisions. (i) Light-duty vehicles and light 
light-duty trucks manufactured by small volume manufacturers, as 
described in Sec. 86.1801-01(d), are exempt from the requirements of 
this paragraph until model year 2002, when 100 percent compliance with 
the provisions of this paragraph (i) and the SFTP standards in 
Sec. 86.1811-01(b) and Sec. 86.1812-01(b) is required. This exemption 
does not apply to small volume test groups as defined in Sec. 86.1838-
01(b)(2).
    (ii) Heavy light-duty trucks manufactured by small volume 
manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.1801-01, are exempt from the 
requirements of this paragraph (i) until model year 2004 when 100 
percent compliance with the provisions of this paragraph and the SFTP 
standards in Secs. 86.1814-02(b) and 86.1815-02(b) is required. This 
exemption does not apply to small volume test groups as defined in 
Sec. 86.1838-01(b)(2).
    (9) [Reserved]
    (10) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for 
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for 
U.S. sale, which test groups will be used to attain the required 
implementation schedule sales percentages for certification purposes.
    (11) A manufacturer cannot use one set of test groups to meet its 
intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its full useful 
life standards. The same test groups which are used to meet the 
intermediate useful life standards will be required to meet the 
corresponding full useful life standards.
    (12) Compliance with composite standards shall be demonstrated using 
the calculations set forth in Sec. 86.164-00.
    (13) A/C-on specific calibrations. (i) For Tier 2 and interim non-
Tier 2 vehicles, A/C-on specific calibrations (e.g. air to fuel ratio, 
spark timing, and exhaust gas recirculation), may be used which differ 
from A/C-off calibrations for given engine operating conditions (e.g., 
engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air charge 
temperature, and any other parameters).
    (ii) Such calibrations must not unnecessarily reduce the 
NMHC+NOX emission control effectiveness during A/C-on 
operation when the vehicle is operated under conditions which may 
reasonably be expected to be encountered during normal operation and 
use.

[[Page 1045]]

    (iii) If reductions in control system NMHC+NOX 
effectiveness do occur as a result of such calibrations, the 
manufacturer must, in the Application for Certification, specify the 
circumstances under which such reductions do occur, and the reason for 
the use of such calibrations resulting in such reductions in control 
system effectiveness.
    (iv) A/C-on specific ``open-loop'' or ``commanded enrichment'' air-
fuel enrichment strategies (as defined below), which differ from A/C-off 
``open-loop'' or ``commanded enrichment'' air-fuel enrichment 
strategies, may not be used, with the following exceptions: Cold-start 
and warm-up conditions, or, subject to Administrator approval, 
conditions requiring the protection of the vehicle, occupants, engine, 
or emission control hardware. Other than these exceptions, such 
strategies which are invoked based on manifold pressure, engine speed, 
throttle position, or other engine parameters must use the same engine 
parameter criteria for the invoking of this air-fuel enrichment strategy 
and the same degree of enrichment regardless of whether the A/C is on or 
off. ``Open-loop'' or ``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy is 
defined as enrichment of the air to fuel ratio beyond stoichiometry for 
the purposes of increasing engine power output and the protection of 
engine or emissions control hardware. However, ``closed-loop biasing,'' 
defined as small changes in the air-fuel ratio for the purposes of 
optimizing vehicle emissions or driveability, must not be considered an 
``open-loop'' or ``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy. In 
addition, ``transient'' air-fuel enrichment strategy (or ``tip-in'' and 
``tip-out'' enrichment), defined as the temporary use of an air-fuel 
ratio rich of stoichiometry at the beginning or duration of rapid 
throttle motion, must not be considered an ``open-loop'' or 
``commanded'' air-fuel enrichment strategy.
    (14) ``Lean-on-cruise'' calibration strategies. (i) For Tier 2 and 
interim non-Tier 2 vehicles, the manufacturer must state in the 
Application for Certification whether any ``lean-on-cruise'' strategies 
are incorporated into the vehicle design. A ``lean-on-cruise'' air-fuel 
calibration strategy is defined as the use of an air-fuel ratio 
significantly greater than stoichiometry, during non-deceleration 
conditions at speeds above 40 mph. ``Lean-on-cruise'' air-fuel 
calibration strategies must not be employed during vehicle operation in 
normal driving conditions, including A/C usage, unless at least one of 
the following conditions is met:
    (A) Such strategies are substantially employed during the FTP or 
SFTP;
    (B) Such strategies are demonstrated not to significantly reduce 
vehicle NMHC+NOX emission control effectiveness over the 
operating conditions in which they are employed; or
    (C) Such strategies are demonstrated to be necessary to protect the 
vehicle occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
    (ii) If the manufacturer proposes to use a ``lean-on-cruise'' 
calibration strategy, the manufacturer must specify the circumstances 
under which such a calibration would be used, and the reason or reasons 
for the proposed use of such a calibration.
    (j) Evaporative emissions general provisions. (1) The evaporative 
standards in Secs. 86.1811-01(d), 86.1812-01(d), 86.1813-01(d), 86.1814-
01(d) and 86.1815-01(d) apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles and trucks. The spitback standard also applies to newly 
assembled vehicles.
    (2) For certification testing only, manufacturers may conduct 
testing to quantify a level of non-fuel background emissions for an 
individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a description 
of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate. The 
demonstrated level of non-fuel background emissions may be subtracted 
from evaporative emission test results from certification vehicles if 
approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (3) All fuel vapor generated in a gasoline- or methanol-fueled 
light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck during in-use operation shall be 
routed exclusively to the evaporative control system (e.g., either 
canister or engine purge.) The only exception to this requirement shall 
be for emergencies.
    (k) Refueling emissions general provisions--(1) Implementation 
schedules. (i)

[[Page 1046]]

Tables S01-3, S01-4, and S01-5 in this paragraph (k)(1)(i) give the 
minimum percentage of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model 
year's gasoline- and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled and 
methanol-fueled diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks 
which shall be tested under the applicable procedures in subpart B of 
this part, and shall not exceed the standards described in 
Secs. 86.1811-01(e), 86.1812-01(e), 86.1813-01(e), 86.1814-01(e). 
Vehicles waived from the emission standards under the provisions of 
paragraphs (m) and (n) of this section shall not be counted in the 
calculation of the percentage of compliance. Tables S01-3, S01-4, and 
S01-5 follow:

                    Table S01-3--Light-Duty Vehicles
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 a....................................................            40
1999 a....................................................            80
2000 a....................................................           100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Note: This subpart prescribes standards for 2001 and later MY
  vehicles. However, the implementation phase-in periods prior to this
  date are included for ease of reference.


                  Table S01-4--Light Light-Duty Trucks
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001......................................................            40
2002......................................................            80
2003......................................................           100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                  Table S01-5--Heavy Light-Duty Trucks
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Model year                           Percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2004......................................................            40
2005......................................................            80
2006......................................................           100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Either manufacturer sales or actual production intended for 
sale in the United States may be used to determine combined volume, at 
the manufacturers option.
    (2) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining compliance 
with the applicable refueling emission standards shall be based on total 
actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks of the 
applicable model year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet 
operator, broker, or any other entity which comprises the point of first 
sale.
    (3) Refueling receptacle requirements. Refueling receptacles on 
natural gas-fueled vehicles shall comply with the receptacle provisions 
of the ANSI/AGA NGV1-1994 standard (as incorporated by reference in 
Sec. 86.1(b)(3)). This requirement is subject to the phase-in schedules 
in Tables S01-3 and S01-4 of paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section.
    (l) Fuel dispensing spitback testing waiver. (1) Vehicles certified 
to the refueling emission standards set forth in Secs. 86.1811-01(e), 
86.1812-01(e) and 86.1813-01(e) are not required to demonstrate 
compliance with the fuel dispensing spitback standard contained in that 
section provided that:
    (i) The manufacturer certifies that the vehicle inherently meets the 
fuel dispensing spitback standard as part of compliance with the 
refueling emission standard; and
    (ii) This certification is provided in writing and applies to the 
full useful life of the vehicle.
    (2) EPA retains the authority to require testing to enforce 
compliance and to prevent noncompliance with the fuel dispensing 
spitback standard.
    (m) Inherently low refueling emission testing waiver. (1) Vehicles 
using fuels/fuel systems inherently low in refueling emissions are not 
required to conduct testing to demonstrate compliance with the refueling 
emission standards set forth in Secs. 86.1811-01(e), 86.1812-01(e) and 
86.1813-01(e) provided that:
    (i) This provision is only available for petroleum diesel fuel. It 
is only available if the Reid Vapor Pressure of in-use diesel fuel is 
equal to or less than 1 psi (7 kPa) and for diesel vehicles whose fuel 
tank temperatures do not exceed 130 deg.F (54 deg. C); and
    (ii) To certify using this provision the manufacturer must attest to 
the following evaluation: ``Due to the low vapor pressure of diesel fuel 
and the vehicle tank temperatures, hydrocarbon vapor concentrations are 
low and the vehicle meets the 0.20 grams/gallon refueling emission 
standard without a control system.''
    (2) The certification required in paragraph (m)(1)(ii) of this 
section must be provided in writing and must apply for the full useful 
life of the vehicle.
    (3) EPA reserves the authority to require testing to enforce 
compliance and to prevent noncompliance with the refueling emission 
standard.

[[Page 1047]]

    (n) Fixed liquid level gauge waiver. Liquefied petroleum gas-fueled 
vehicles which contain fixed liquid level gauges or other gauges or 
valves which can be opened to release fuel or fuel vapor during 
refueling, and which are being tested for refueling emissions, are not 
required to be tested with such gauges or valves open, as outlined in 
Sec. 86.157-98(d)(2), provided the manufacturer can demonstrate, to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator, that such gauges or valves would not 
be opened during refueling in-use due to inaccessibility or other design 
features that would prevent or make it very unlikely that such gauges or 
valves could be opened.
    (o) Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, manufacturers 
must measure NMOG emissions in accordance with the California Non-
Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures. These procedures are incorporated 
by reference (see Sec. 86.1).
    (p) For gasoline and diesel-fueled Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 
vehicles, manufacturers may measure non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in 
lieu of NMOG. Manufacturers must multiply NMHC measurements from 
gasoline vehicles by an adjustment factor of 1.04 before comparing with 
the NMOG standard to determine compliance with that standard. 
Manufacturers may use other factors to adjust NMHC results to more 
properly represent NMOG results. Such factors must be based upon 
comparative testing of NMOG and NMHC emissions and be approved in 
advance by the Administrator.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6853, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1811-01  Emission standards for light-duty vehicles.

    This section applies to 2001 and later model year light-duty 
vehicles fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels except as noted. Multi-fueled vehicles shall comply 
with all requirements established for each consumed fuel. For methanol 
fueled vehicles, references in this section to total hydrocarbons shall 
mean total hydrocarbon equivalents and references to non-methane 
hydrocarbons shall mean non-methane hydrocarbon equivalents. This 
section does not apply to 2004 and later model year vehicles, except as 
specifically referenced by Sec. 86.1811-04.
    (a) Exhaust emission standards. (1) Exhaust emissions shall not 
exceed the following standards at intermediate useful life:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons: 0.41 grams per mile, except natural gas, 
which has no standard.
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.25 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 3.4 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.4 grams per mile except diesel fuel which 
has a 1.0 gram per mile standard.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.08 grams per mile.
    (2) Exhaust emissions shall not exceed the following standards at 
full useful life:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.31 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 4.2 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.6 grams per mile except diesel fuel which 
has a 1.25 gram per mile standard.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.10 grams per mile.
    (b) Supplemental exhaust emission standards. (1) Supplemental 
exhaust emissions from gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled light-duty 
vehicles shall not exceed the following standards at intermediate useful 
life:
    (i) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 0.65 
grams per mile except diesel fuel which has a 1.48 gram per mile 
standard.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 3.0 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 9.0 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 3.4 grams per mile.
    (2) Supplemental exhaust emissions from gasoline-fueled and diesel-
fueled light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the following standards at 
full useful life:

[[Page 1048]]

    (i) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 0.91 
grams per mile except diesel-fueled which have a 2.07 gram per mile 
standard.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 3.7 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 11.1 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 4.2 grams per mile.
    (c) Cold temperature emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the cold 
temperature CO standard of 10.0 grams carbon monoxide per mile for an 
intermediate useful life of 50,000 miles.
    (d) Evaporative emission standards. Evaporative emissions from 
gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 
methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly assembled 
vehicles.
    (1) Hydrocarbons. (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, 
diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol-fueled only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol-fueled only. For the running loss test: 
0.05 grams per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol-fueled only. For the fuel dispensing 
spitback test: 1.0 gram hydrocarbon (carbon for methanol-fueled) per 
test.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) Refueling emissions. Refueling emissions from 2001 and later 
model year light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the following standards:
    (1) For gasoline-fueled, diesel fueled, and methanol-fueled 
vehicles: 0.20 grams hydrocarbon per gallon (0.053 gram per liter) of 
fuel dispensed.
    (2) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles: 0.15 grams 
hydrocarbon per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (f) Certification short test. Certification short test emissions 
from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6854, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1811-04  Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

    (a) Applicability. (1) This section contains regulations 
implementing emission standards for all LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs. This 
section applies to 2004 and later model year LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs fueled 
by gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels, except as noted. Additionally, this section 
contains provisions applicable to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and 
zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). Multi-fueled vehicles must comply with 
all requirements established for each consumed fuel.
    (2) This section also applies to LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs of model years 
prior to 2004, when manufacturers certify such vehicles to Tier 2 
exhaust emission requirements to utilize alternate phase-in schedules, 
as allowed under paragraph (k)(6) of this section, and/or to earn early 
NOX credits for use in complying with the Tier 2 fleet 
average NOX standard which takes effect in the 2004 model 
year for LDV/LLDTs and 2008 for HLDT/MDPVs.
    (3) Except where otherwise specified, this section applies instead 
of Secs. 86.1811-01, 86.1812-01, 86.1813-01, 86.1814-01, 86.1814-02, 
86.1815-01, and 86.1815-02.
    (4) Except where otherwise specified, the provisions of this section 
apply equally to LDVs and all categories of LDTs, and to all MDPVs. 
Numerous provisions are applicable equally to HLDTs and MDPVs, as 
reflected by the term HLDT/MDPV. Numerous provisions apply equally to 
LDVs and LLDTs as reflected by the term LDV/LLDT.

[[Page 1049]]

    (5) The exhaust emission standards and evaporative emission 
standards of this section apply equally to certification and in-use 
LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs, unless otherwise specified.
    (b) Test weight. (1) Except as required in paragraphs (b)(2) and 
(b)(4) of this section, or permitted under paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section, emission testing of all LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs to determine 
compliance with any exhaust or evaporative emission standard set forth 
in this Part must be on a loaded vehicle weight (LVW) basis, as that 
term is defined in this subpart.
    (2) Interim non-Tier 2 HLDTs tested to Tier 1 SFTP standards, must 
be tested on an adjusted loaded vehicle weight (ALVW) basis, as that 
term is defined in this subpart, during the SC03 element of the SFTP.
    (3) Except as required in paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(4) of this 
section, interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs may be tested on an ALVW basis or 
an LVW basis to demonstrate compliance with any exhaust or evaporative 
emission standard set forth in this Part.
    (4) MDPVs certified to bin 11 standards from Tables S04-1 and -2 
must be tested on an ALVW basis to demonstrate compliance with any 
exhaust emission standard set forth in this part.
    (c) Tier 2 FTP exhaust emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
Tier 2 vehicles must not exceed the standards in Table S04-1 of this 
section at full useful life when tested over the Federal Test Procedure 
(FTP) described in subpart B of this part. Exhaust emissions from Tier 2 
vehicles must not exceed the standards in Table S04-2 of this section at 
intermediate useful life, if applicable, when tested over the FTP.
    (1) For a given test group a manufacturer desires to certify to 
operate only on one fuel, the manufacturer must select a set of 
standards from the same bin (line or row) in Table S04-1 of this section 
for non-methane organic gases (NMOG), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of 
nitrogen (NOX), formaldehyde (HCHO) and particulate matter 
(PM). The manufacturer must certify the test group to meet those 
standards, subject to all the applicable provisions of this subpart. The 
manufacturer must also certify the test group to meet the intermediate 
useful life standards (if any) in Table S04-2 of this section having the 
same EPA bin reference number as the chosen full useful life standards.
    (2) For a given test group of flexible-fueled, bi-fuel or dual fuel 
vehicles when operated on the alcohol or gaseous fuel they are designed 
to use, manufacturers must select a bin of standards from Table S04-1 of 
this section and the corresponding bin in Table S04-2, if any. When 
these flexible-fueled, bi-fuel or dual fuel vehicles are certified to 
operate on gasoline or diesel fuel, the manufacturer may choose to 
comply with the next numerically higher applicable NMOG standard, if 
any, above the bin which contains the standards selected for 
certification on the gaseous or alcohol fuel.
    (3)(i) For a given test group of flexible-fueled, bi-fuel or dual 
fuel vehicles certified to bin 10 in Table S04-1, when operated on the 
alcohol or gaseous fuel they are designed to use, manufacturers may 
choose to comply with a NMOG standard of 0.230 for LDV/LLDTs or 0.280 g/
mi for HLDT/MDPVs at full useful life and corresponding intermediate 
life standards of 0.160 g/mi and 0.195 g/mi, respectively.
    (ii) For a given test group of flexible-fueled, bi-fuel or dual fuel 
vehicles certified to bin 8 in Table S04-1, when operated on the alcohol 
or gaseous fuel they are designed to use, manufacturers may choose to 
comply with a NMOG standard of 0.156 g/mi for LDV/LLDTs and 0.180 for 
HLDT/MDPVs at full useful life and corresponding intermediate life 
standards of 0.125 g/mi and 0.140 g/mi, respectively.
    (4)(i) For bins where intermediate life standards are applicable, a 
manufacturer may elect not to comply with such standards. Except as 
permitted in paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this section, the manufacturer must 
certify such vehicles to a useful life of 15 years or 150,000 miles, 
whichever occurs first, for LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs.
    (ii) A manufacturer electing not to comply with intermediate life 
standards, as permitted in paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section, may not 
generate additional NOX credits as described under 
Sec. 86.1860-04 (g), except as permitted in paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of 
this section.

[[Page 1050]]

    (iii) For bins where intermediate life standards are not applicable, 
or are specified to be optional by paragraph (c)(4)(iv) of this section, 
a manufacturer may generate additional NOX credits subject to 
the provisions in Sec. 86.1860-04 (g).
    (iv) For diesel vehicles certified to bin 10, intermediate life 
standards are optional regardless of whether the manufacturer certifies 
the test group to a full useful life of 120,000 miles or 150,000 miles.
    (5) In a given model year, an individual vehicle may not be included 
in both the Tier 2 program and an interim program.
    (6) Tables S04-1 and S04-2 follow:

          Table S04-1.--Tier 2 and Interim Non-Tier 2 Full Useful Life Exhaust Mass Emission Standards
                                                [Grams per mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Bin No.                  NOX          NMOG           CO          HCHO           PM         Notes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11..............................          0.9         0.280          7.3         0.032         0.12         a, c
10..............................          0.6   0.156/0.230      4.2/6.4   0.018/0.027         0.08      a, b, d
9...............................          0.3   0.090/0.180          4.2         0.018         0.06      a, b, e
8...............................         0.20   0.125/0.156          4.2         0.018         0.02         b, f
7...............................         0.15         0.090          4.2         0.018         0.02
6...............................         0.10         0.090          4.2         0.018         0.01
5...............................         0.07         0.090          4.2         0.018         0.01
4...............................         0.04         0.070          2.1         0.011         0.01
3...............................         0.03         0.055          2.1         0.011         0.01
2...............................         0.02         0.010          2.1         0.004         0.01
1...............................         0.00         0.000          0.0         0.000        0.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
\a\ This bin and its corresponding intermediate life bin are deleted at end of 2006 model year (end of 2008
  model year for HLDTs and MDPVs).
\b\ Higher NMOG, CO and HCHO values apply for HLDTs and MDPVs only.
\c\ This bin is only for MDPVs.
\d\ Optional NMOG standard of 0.280 g/mi applies for qualifying LDT4s and qualifying MDPVs only.
\e\ Optional NMOG standard of 0.130 g/mi applies for qualifying LDT2s only.
\f\ Higher NMOG standard deleted at end of 2008 model year.


    Table S04-2.--Tier 2 and Interim Non-Tier 2 Intermediate Useful Life (50,000 Mile) Exhaust Mass Emission
                                                    Standards
                                                 [grams per mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Bin No.                  NOX          NMOG           CO          HCHO           PM         Notes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11..............................          0.6         0.195          5.0         0.022                   a c f h
10..............................          0.4   0.125/0.160      3.4/4.4   0.015/0.018  ...........    a b d f g
                                                                                                               h
9...............................          0.2   0.075/0.140          3.4         0.015  ...........    a b e f h
8...............................         0.14   0.100/0.125          3.4         0.015  ...........      b f h i
7...............................         0.11         0.075          3.4         0.015  ...........          f h
6...............................         0.08         0.075          3.4         0.015  ...........          f h
5...............................         0.05         0.075          3.4         0.015  ...........         f h
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
a This bin deleted at end of 2006 model year (end of 2008 model year for HLDTs and MDPVs ).
b Higher NMOG, CO and HCHO values apply for HLDTs and MDPVs only.
c This bin is only for MDPVs.
d Optional NMOG standard of 0.195 g/mi applies for qualifying LDT4s and qualifying MDPVs only.
e Optional NMOG standard of 0.100 g/mi applies for qualifying LDT2s only.
f The full useful life PM standards from Table S04-1 also apply at intermediate useful life.
g Intermediate life standards of this bin are optional for diesels.
h Intermediate life standards are optional for vehicles certified to a useful life of 150,000 miles.
i Higher NMOG standard deleted at end of 2008 model year.

    (d) Fleet average NOX Standards. (1)(i) For a given 
individual model year's sales of Tier 2 vehicles, including model years 
during the phase-in years of the Tier 2 standards, manufacturers must 
comply with a fleet average oxides of nitrogen (NOX) standard 
of 0.07 grams per mile. The manufacturer must calculate its fleet 
average NOX emission level(s) as described in Sec. 86.1860-
04. Up through and including model year 2008, manufacturers must 
calculate separate fleet average NOX emission levels for LDV/
LLDTs and for HLDT/MDPVs as described in Sec. 86.1860-04.
    (ii) During a phase-in year, the manufacturer must comply with the 
0.07 g/

[[Page 1051]]

mi fleet average standard for the required phase-in percentage for that 
year as specified in paragraph (k)(1) of this section, or for the 
alternate phase-in percentage as permitted under paragraph (k)(6) of 
this section.
    (2) For Early Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs. For model years prior to 2004, where 
the manufacturer desires to bank early Tier 2 NOX credits as 
permitted under Sec. 86.1861(c), the manufacturer must comply with a 
fleet average standard of 0.07 grams per mile for its Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs. 
Manufacturers must determine compliance with the NOX fleet 
average standard according to regulations in Sec. 86.1860-04 of this 
subpart.
    (3) For Early Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs. For model years prior to 2008, 
where the manufacturer desires to bank early Tier 2 NOX 
credits as permitted under Sec. 86.1861(c), the manufacturer must comply 
with a fleet average standard of 0.07 grams per mile for its Tier 2 
HLDT/MDPVs. Manufacturers must determine compliance with the 
NOX fleet average standard according to regulations in 
Sec. 86.1860-04.
    (e) Evaporative emission standards. Consistent with the phase-in 
requirements in paragraph (k) of this section, evaporative emissions 
from gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled, ethanol-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles must not exceed the 
standards in this paragraph. The standards apply equally to 
certification and in-use vehicles, except that the spitback standard 
applies only to newly assembled vehicles.
    (1) Diurnal-plus-hot soak evaporative hydrocarbon standards. 
Hydrocarbons for LDV/LLDTs, HLDTs and MDPVs must not exceed the diurnal 
plus hot soak standards shown in Table S04-3 for the full three diurnal 
test sequence and for the supplemental two diurnal test sequence. Table 
S04-3 follows:

   Table S04-3.--Light-Duty Diurnal Plus Hot Soak Evaporative Emission
                                Standards
                            [grams per test]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Supplemental
                                                  3 day         2 day
               Vehicle category                diurnal+hot   diurnal+hot
                                                   soak         soak
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LLDTs....................................        0.95           1.2
HLDTs........................................         1.2           1.5
MDPVs........................................         1.4          1.75
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Running loss standard. Hydrocarbons for LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs 
measured on the running loss test must not exceed 0.05 grams per mile.
    (3) Refueling emission standards. Refueling emissions must not 
exceed the following standards:
    (i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled and methanol-fueled LDVs, 
LDTs and MDPVs: 0.20 grams hydrocarbon per gallon (0.053 grams per 
liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (ii) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled LDV, LDTs and MDPVs: 0.15 
grams hydrocarbon per gallon (0.04 grams per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (iii) Refueling standards for HLDTs are subject to the phase-in 
requirements found in Sec. 86.1810-01(k). MDPVs must also comply with 
the phase-in requirement in Sec. 86.1810-01(k) and must be grouped with 
HLDTs to determine phase-in compliance.
    (4) Spitback standards. For gasoline and methanol fueled LDV/Ts and 
MDPVs, hydrocarbons measured on the fuel dispensing spitback test must 
not exceed 1.0 grams hydrocarbon (carbon if methanol-fueled) per test.
    (5) Evaporative emission requirements for interim vehicles. (i) LDV/
Ts not certified to meet the evaporative emission standards in this 
paragraph (e) as permitted under the phase-in schedule of paragraph (k) 
of this section, must meet applicable evaporative emission standards in 
Secs. 86.1811-01, 86.1812-01, 86.1813-01, 86.1814-02 or 86.1815-02 
except that all LDV/Ts must meet the refueling emission standards in 
paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
    (ii) MDPVs not certified to meet the evaporative emission standards 
in this paragraph (e) as permitted under the phase-in schedule of 
paragraph (k) of this section, must meet applicable evaporative emission 
standards for heavy-duty vehicles in Sec. 86.099-10.
    (6) In cases where applicable California emission standards are as 
stringent or more stringent than applicable standards specified under 
this paragraph (e), the Administrator may accept data indicating 
compliance with California standards to demonstrate compliance for 
certification purposes with the standards required under this paragraph 
(e). The Administrator may

[[Page 1052]]

require manufacturers to provide comparative test data to show that a 
vehicle meeting California standards under California test conditions 
and procedures will also meet the standards under this paragraph (e) 
when tested under test conditions and procedures in this Part 86.
    (f) Supplemental exhaust emission standards for LDV/Ts. (1) 
Supplemental exhaust emission standards are applicable to gasoline and 
diesel-fueled LDV/Ts but are not applicable to MDPVs, alternative fueled 
LDV/Ts, or flexible fueled LDV/Ts when operated on a fuel other than 
gasoline or diesel. Except as otherwise specified in this paragraph (f), 
manufacturers must comply with 4000 mile and full useful life SFTP 
standards as determined in this paragraph (f). The 4000 mile SFTP 
standards must be taken from Table S04-4 and the full life SFTP 
standards must be calculated using the formula in paragraph (f)(2) of 
this section. Table S04-4 follows:

             Table S04-4.--4000 Mile SFTP Standards for Tier 2 and Interim Non-Tier 2 LDVs and LDTs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        US06                      SC03
                                                             ---------------------------------------------------
                                                              NMHC+NOX (g/              NMHC+NOX (g/
                                                                  mi)       CO (g/mi)       mi)       CO (g/mi)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LDT1....................................................         0.14          8.0         0.20          2.7
LDT2........................................................         0.25         10.5         0.27          3.5
LDT3........................................................          0.4         10.5         0.31          3.5
LDT4........................................................          0.6         11.8         0.44          4.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2)(i) Manufacturers must calculate their applicable full useful 
life SFTP standards for NMHC+NOX, PM and for CO, if using the 
weighted CO standard. If not using the weighted CO standard, 
manufacturers may use the full useful life standalone Tier 1 standards 
for US06 and SC03. To calculate the applicable full useful life weighted 
NMHC+NOX, PM and CO standards, manufacturers must use the 
following formula and values from Table S04-1 in paragraph (c) of this 
section and values from Tables S04-5 and S04-6 which follow:

SFTP Standard = SFTP Standard1 - [0.35 x (FTP 
    Standard1--Current FTP Standard)]

Where:
SFTP Standard = Applicable full life weighted SFTP standard for 
    NMHC+NOX, PM or CO. This standard must be rounded to two 
    decimal places.
SFTP Standard1 = Applicable full life Tier 1 SFTP standard 
    for NMHC+NOX or CO from Table S04-5. For PM only, use FTP 
    Standard1 for SFTP Standard1.
FTP Standard1 = Applicable full life Tier 1 FTP standard from 
    Table S04-6 in this paragraph (f). For the Tier 1 
    NMHC+NOX standard, add the applicable NMHC and NOx 
    standards.
Current FTP Standard = Applicable full life FTP standard from Table S04-
    1 in paragraph (c) of this section. For the current 
    NMHC+NOX standard, add the NMOG and NOX 
    standards from the applicable bin.

                              Table S04-5.--Tier 1 Full Useful Life SFTP Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    NMHC + NOX                     CO (g/mi)b, c
                Vehicle category                   (weighted  g/ -----------------------------------------------
                                                      mi)a, c          US06            SC03          Weighted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LDT1........................................     0.91 (0.65)      11.1 (9.0)       3.7 (3.0)       4.2 (3.4)
LDT2............................................     1.37 (1.02)     14.6 (11.6)       4.9 (3.9)       5.5 (4.4)
LDT3............................................            1.44            16.9             5.6             6.4
LDT4............................................            2.09            19.3             6.4            7.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Weighting for NMHC+NOX and optional weighting for CO is 0.35x(FTP) +0.28x(US06)+0.37x(SC03).
b CO standards are stand alone for US06 and SC03 with option for a weighted standard.
c Intermediate life standards are shown in parentheses for diesel LDV/LLDTs opting to calculate intermediate
  life SFTP standards in lieu of 4,000 mile SFTP standards as permitted under paragraph (f)(6) of this section.


[[Page 1053]]


                           Table S04-6.--Tier 1 Full Useful Life FTP Standards (g/mi)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Vehicle category                      NMHC a           NOXa            CO a             PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV/LDT1........................................     0.31 (0.25)       0.6 (0.4)       4.2 (3.4)            0.10
LDT2............................................     0.40 (0.32)       0.97(0.7)       5.5 (4.4)            0.10
LDT3............................................            0.46            0.98             6.4            0.10
LDT4............................................            0.56            1.53             7.3           0.12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Intermediate life standards are shown in parentheses for diesel LDV/LLDTs opting to calculate intermediate
  life SFTP standards in lieu of 4,000 mile SFTP standards as permitted under paragraph (f)(6)of this section.

    (ii)(A) Manufacturers must determine compliance with 
NMHC+NOX, CO and PM weighted SFTP standards calculated in 
paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section by weighting their emission results 
as follows:

0.35 x (FTP)+0.28 x (US06)+0.37 x (SC03).

    (B) The results of the calculation in paragraph (f)(2)(ii)(A) of 
this section must be rounded to one more decimal place than the 
applicable standard calculated in paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section 
and then compared with that standard.
    (3) For interim non-Tier 2 gasoline, diesel and flexible-fueled 
LDT3s and LDT4s, manufacturers may, alternatively, meet the gasoline-
fueled vehicle SFTP standards found in Secs. 86.1814-02 and 86.1815-02, 
respectively.
    (4) Interim non-Tier 2 gasoline, diesel and flexible-fueled LDV/
LLDTs certified to bin 10 FTP exhaust emission standards from Table S04-
1 in paragraph (c) of this section may meet the gasoline Tier 1 SFTP 
requirements found at Sec. 86.1811-01(b).
    (5) SFTP standards for PM are not applicable to interim non-Tier 2 
LDV/Ts. For Tier 2 LDV/Ts, the 4000 mile PM standard is equal to the 
full life PM standard calculated under paragraph (f)(2) of this section. 
The requirements of this paragraph (f)(5) also apply to Tier 2 flexible 
fuel vehicles when operated on gasoline or diesel fuel. (See regulations 
in Sec. 86.1829-01(b)(1)(iii)(B) regarding data submittal for PM results 
for gasoline vehicles.)
    (6)(i) In lieu of complying with 4000 mile SFTP standards described 
in this paragraph, diesel LDV/LLDTs through model year 2006, may comply 
instead with intermediate life SFTP standards derived from Tier 1 
intermediate life SFTP standards for gasoline vehicles.
    (ii) To calculate intermediate life SFTP standards, substitute 
intermediate life Tier 1 FTP and SFTP values from Tables S04-5 and S04-6 
in this paragraph (f), as appropriate, for the full life values in the 
equation in paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section. Substitute the 
applicable intermediate life standards for the full life current FTP 
standard. If there is no applicable intermediate life standard use the 
full life current FTP standard.
    (iii) A manufacturer of diesel LDV/LLDTs must declare which option 
it will use (4,000 mile or intermediate life standards) in Part I of its 
certification application.
    (g) Cold temperature exhaust emission standards. These standards are 
applicable only to gasoline fueled LDV/Ts and MDPVs. For cold 
temperature exhaust emission standards, a useful life of 50,000 miles 
applies.
    (1) For LDVs and LDT1s, the standard is 10.0 grams per mile CO.
    (2) For LDT2s, LDT3s and LDT4s, and MDPVs the standard is 12.5 grams 
per mile CO.
    (3) These standards do not apply to interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs.
    (h) Certification short test exhaust emission standards. 
Certification short test emissions from all gasoline-fueled otto cycle 
LDV/Ts and MDPVs must not exceed the following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane, for certification and SEA 
testing; 220 ppm as hexane, for in-use testing.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5% for certification and SEA testing; 1.2% 
for in-use testing.
    (3) These standards do not apply to interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs.
    (i) Idle CO standards and references to such standards in this 
subpart, do not apply to any 2004 or later model year LDV, LDT, or MDPV 
or to any LDV, LDT or MDPV certified to Tier 2 standards before model 
year 2004 for purposes of generating early NOX credits or 
meeting the requirements of an

[[Page 1054]]

alternative phase-in schedule that begins prior to the 2004 model year.
    (j) Highway NOX exhaust emission standard. The maximum 
projected NOX emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel 
Economy Test in 40 CFR part 600, subpart B, must not be greater than 
1.33 times the applicable FTP NOX standard to which the 
manufacturer certifies the test group. Both the projected emissions and 
the product of the NOX standard and 1.33 must be rounded to 
the nearest 0.01 g/mi before being compared. This standard is not 
applicable to MDPVs.
    (k) Phase-in of the Tier 2 FTP exhaust and evaporative requirements; 
small volume manufacturer flexibilities. (1) Manufacturers must comply 
with the phase-in requirements in Tables S04-7 and S04-8 of this 
paragraph (k) for the Tier 2 FTP exhaust emission requirements specified 
in paragraph (c) of this section. Separate phase-in schedules are 
provided for LDV/LLDTs and for HLDT/MDPVs. These requirements specify 
the minimum percentage of the manufacturer's LDV/LLDT and HLDT/MDPV U.S. 
sales, by model year, that must meet the Tier 2 requirements, including 
the applicable fleet average standard, for their full useful lives. As 
the terms LDV/LLDT and HLDT/MDVP imply, LDVs and LLDTs must be grouped 
together to determine compliance with these phase-in requirements and 
HLDTs and MDPVs must also be grouped together to determine compliance 
with these phase-in requirements. Tables S04-7 and S04-8 follow:

   Table S04-7.--Phase-in Percentages for LDV/LLDT Tier 2 Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Percentage
                                                            of LDV/LLDTs
                        Model year                            that must
                                                             meet tier 2
                                                            requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2004......................................................            25
2005......................................................            50
2006......................................................            75
2007 and subsequent.......................................           100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table S04-8.--Phase-in Percentages for HLDT/MDPV Tier 2 Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Percentage of
                                                            HLDT/MDPVs
                       ModeL year                         that must meet
                                                              tier 2
                                                           requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2008....................................................              50
2009 and subsequent.....................................             100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Manufacturers must also comply with the phase-in requirements in 
Tables S04-7 and S04-8 of this paragraph (k) for the evaporative 
emission requirements contained in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (3) Manufacturers may opt to use different LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs 
to meet the phase-in requirements for evaporative emissions and FTP 
exhaust emissions, provided that the manufacturer meets the minimum 
applicable phase-in requirements in Table S04-7 and Table S04-8 of this 
paragraph (k) for both FTP exhaust and evaporative emissions. A LDV, LDT 
or MDPV counted toward compliance with any phase-in requirement for FTP 
exhaust or evaporative standards, must comply with all applicable Tier 2 
exhaust requirements or all applicable evaporative requirements, 
respectively, described in this section.
    (4) LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs not certified to meet the Tier 2 FTP 
exhaust requirements during model years 2004-2008, as allowed under this 
subpart, are subject to the provisions of paragraph (l) of this section.
    (5) Provisions for small volume manufacturers (i) Small volume 
manufacturers, as defined in this part, are exempt from the Tier 2 LDV/
LLDT exhaust and evaporative emissions phase-in requirements for model 
years 2004, 2005 and 2006 in Table S04-7 of this paragraph (k), but must 
comply with the 100% requirement for the 2007 and later model years for 
exhaust and evaporative emissions. If not complying with Tier 2 
requirements during 2004, 2005 and 2006, small volume manufacturers must 
comply with the requirements for interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs.
    (ii) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in this part, are exempt 
from the HLDT/MDPV exhaust and evaporative phase-in requirement for 
model year 2008 in Table S04-8 of this section

[[Page 1055]]

but must comply with the 100% requirement for the 2009 model year. Small 
volume manufacturers are also exempt from the HLDT/MDPV interim fleet 
average NOX standard (0.20 g/mi) and its phase-in for the 
2004, 2005 and 2006 model years.
    (iii) Small volume manufacturers must comply with the FTP exhaust 
emission standards from Tables S04-1 and 2 of paragraph (c) of this 
section for all HLDT/MDPVs of model years 2004 and later, except that 
2004 model year HLDTs may comply with Tier 1 exhaust emission standards 
subject to the provisions of paragraph (l)(2)(vii) of this section, and 
2004 model year MDPVs may comply with heavy-duty vehicle standards 
subject to the provisions of paragraph (l)(2)(viii) of this section. 
Small volume manufacturers must also comply with the 0.20 g/mi fleet 
average NOX standard for 2007 and 2008 model year HLDT/MDPVs; 
the Tier 2 0.07 g/mi fleet average NOX standard for the 2009 
and later model year HLDT/MDPVs; and the evaporative emission standards 
in Table S04-3 of this section for the 2009 and later model years.
    (6)(i) A manufacturer may elect an alternate phase-in schedule that 
results in 100% phase-in for LDV/LLDTs by 2007. Alternate phase-in 
schedules must produce a sum of at least 250% when the percentages of 
LDV/LLDTs certified to Tier 2 requirements for each model year from 2001 
through 2007 are summed. As an example, a 10/25/50/65/100 percent phase-
in that began in 2003 would have a sum of 250 percent and would be 
acceptable. However, a 10/25/40/70/100 percent phase-in that began the 
same year would have a sum of 245 percent and would not be acceptable.
    (ii) A manufacturer electing this option for LDV/LLDTs may calculate 
its compliance with the evaporative standards in paragraph (e)(1) of 
this section separately from its compliance with Tier 2 exhaust 
standards, provided that the phase-in schedules for each separately 
produce a sum of at least 250 percent when calculated as described in 
paragraph (k)(6)(i) of this section. A vehicle counted towards 
compliance with any phase-in requirement for the Tier 2 exhaust 
standards or the evaporative standards in paragraph (e)(1) of this 
section, must comply with all applicable Tier 2 exhaust standards or all 
evaporative standards, as applicable, described in this section.
    (iii) In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (k)(6)(i) and 
(ii) of this section, except as permitted in paragraph (k)(6)(vii) of 
this section, a manufacturer of LDV/LLDTs electing to use an alternate 
phase-in schedule for compliance with the Tier 2 exhaust standards or 
the evaporative standards in paragraph (e)(1) of this section must 
ensure that the sum of the percentages of vehicles from model years 2001 
through 2004, meeting such exhaust or evaporative standards, as 
applicable, is at least 25%.
    (iv) A manufacturer may elect an alternate phase-in schedule that 
results in 100% phase-in for HLDT/MDPVs by 2009. The requirements of 
paragraphs (k)(6)(i) through (k)(6)(ii) of this section apply, except 
that for HLDT/MDPVs, the calculation described in paragraphs (k)(6)(i) 
and (k)(6)(ii) of this section may cover model years 2001 through 2009 
and must produce a sum of at least 150%.
    (v) A manufacturer electing to use any alternate phase-in schedule 
permitted under this section must provide in its Application for 
Certification for the first year in which it intends to use such a 
schedule, and in each succeeding year during the phase-in, the intended 
phase-in percentages for that model year and the remaining phase-in 
years along with the intended final sum of those percentages as 
described in this paragraph (k)(6). This information may be included 
with the information required under Sec. 86.1844-01(d)(13). In its year 
end annual reports, as required under Sec. 86.1844-01(e)(4) the 
manufacturer must include sufficient information so that the 
Administrator can verify compliance with the alternative phase-in 
schedule established under paragraph (k)(6) of this section.
    (vi) Under an alternate phase-in schedule, the projected phase-in 
percentage is not binding for a given model year, provided the sums of 
the actual phase-in percentages that occur meet the appropriate total 
sums as required in paragraph (k)(6) of this section, and provided that 
100% actual

[[Page 1056]]

compliance is reached for the appropriate model year, either 2007 or 
2009, as described in paragraph (k)(6) of this section.
    (vii) A manufacturer unable to meet the 25% requirement in paragraph 
(k)(6)(iii) of this section, must:
    (A) Ensure that the sum of the percentages of vehicles for model 
years 2001 through 2004, meeting such exhaust or evaporative standards, 
as applicable, is at least 20%.
    (B) Subtract that sum of percentages for model years 2001 through 
2004 from 25%, and multiply the unrounded result by 2.
    (C) Round the product from paragraph (k)(6)(vii)(B) of this section 
to the nearest 0.1% and add that to 50%. That sum becomes the required 
phase-in percentage for the 2005 model year.
    (D) Comply with the phase-in percentage for the 2005 model year 
determined in paragraph (k)(6)(vii)(C) of this section.
    (E) Comply with a minimum phase-in percentage for the 2006 model 
year determined by the following equation:

minimum phase-in percentage for 2006 = [75% - (2005api - 
2005rpi)]


Where:

2005rpi = the required phase-in for the 2005 model year as 
determined in paragraph (k)(6)(vii)(C) of this section; and
2005api = the manufacturer's actual phase-in quantity for the 
2005 model year.

    (7)(i) Sales percentages for the purpose of determining compliance 
with the phase-in of the Tier 2 requirements and the phase-in of the 
evaporative standards in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, must be based 
upon projected U.S. sales of LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs of the applicable 
model year by the manufacturer to the point of first sale. Such sales 
percentages must be rounded to the nearest one tenth of a percent, and 
must not include vehicles and trucks projected to be sold to points of 
first sale in California or a state that has adopted California 
requirements for that model year as permitted under section 177 of the 
Act.
    (ii) Alternatively, the manufacturer may petition the Administrator 
to allow actual volume produced for U.S. sales to be used in lieu of 
projected U.S. sales for purposes of determining compliance with the 
phase-in percentage requirements under this section. The manufacturer 
must submit its petition within 30 days of the end of the model year to 
the Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division. For EPA to approve the use 
of actual volume produced for U.S. sales, the manufacturer must 
establish to the satisfaction of the Administrator, that actual 
production volume is functionally equivalent to actual sales volume of 
LDV/LLDTs and HLDT/MDPVs sold in states other than California and states 
that have adopted California standards.
    (iii) Manufacturers must submit information showing compliance with 
all phase-in requirements of this section with its Part I application as 
required by Sec. 86.1844(d)(13).
    (l) FTP exhaust standards for interim non-Tier 2 vehicles.--(1) FTP 
exhaust emission standards for interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs. (i) LDV/
LLDTs that are not used to meet the Tier 2 phase-in requirements 
including the Tier 2 fleet average NOX requirement during the 
Tier 2 phase-in period (model years 2004-2006) must comply with the full 
useful life FTP exhaust emission standards listed in Table S04-1 of 
paragraph (c) of this section and the corresponding intermediate useful 
life standards, if any, in Table S04-2 of paragraph (c) of this section. 
Manufacturers may choose the bin of full useful life standards to which 
they certify a test group of vehicles, subject to the requirements in 
paragraph (l)(3)(i) of this section. In a given model year, an 
individual vehicle may not be used to comply with both the Tier 2 fleet 
average NOX standard and the applicable interim fleet average 
NOX standard although vehicles from the same test group may 
be separated and the vehicles counted toward compliance with either 
program.
    (ii) The provisions of paragraphs (c) (1), (2) and (3) of this 
section apply to flexible-fueled, dual fuel and multi-fuel interim non-
Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs.
    (iii) Only manufacturers that comply with the applicable FTP 
standards in Tables S04-1 and 2 of paragraph (c) of this section for all 
of their 2004 model

[[Page 1057]]

year HLDTs and declare their intention to comply with the 2004 model 
year 25% phase-in requirement to the 0.20 g/mi interim fleet average 
NOX standard for HLDTs (or HLDT/MDPVs) described in this 
paragraph (l) may use the optional higher NMOG values for interim LDT2s 
certified to bin 9 standards that are shown in Tables S04-1 and 2. 
Manufacturers must declare their intention to comply with the full 2004 
model year 25% phase-in requirement in Part I of their HLDT or their 
HLDT/MDPV, as applicable, certification applications.
    (iv) The provisions of paragraph (c)(4) of this section apply to 
interim non-Tier 2 vehicles.
    (2) FTP exhaust emission standards for interim non-Tier 2 HLDTs and 
interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs. (i) Except as permitted under paragraphs 
(l)(2) (vii) and (viii) of this section, HLDTs and MDPVs of model years 
2004-2008 that are not used to meet the Tier 2 FTP phase-in requirements 
including the Tier 2 fleet average NOX requirement must 
comply with the full useful life FTP exhaust emission standards listed 
in Table S04-1 of paragraph (c) of this section and, the corresponding 
intermediate useful life standards, if any, in Table S04-2 of paragraph 
(c) of this section. Manufacturers may choose the bin of full useful 
life standards to which they certify a test group of vehicles, subject 
to the requirements in paragraph (l)(3)(ii) of this section.
    (ii) Except as permitted under paragraphs (l)(2) (vii) and (viii) of 
this section, HLDTs and MDPVs of model years 2004-2008 that are not used 
to meet the Tier 2 FTP phase-in requirements including the Tier 2 fleet 
average NOX requirement must comply with the fleet average 
NOX standard described in paragraph (l)(3)(ii) of this 
section subject to the phase-in schedule in paragraph (l)(2)(iv) of this 
section, i.e. 25 percent of the HLDT and MDPVs must meet the fleet 
average standard of 0.20 g/mi in 2004, 50 percent in 2005, and so on.
    (iii) Manufacturers may choose the bin of full useful life standards 
and corresponding intermediate life standards to which they certify test 
groups of HLDTs and MDPVs, subject to the requirements in paragraph 
(l)(3)(ii) of this section. Manufacturers may include HLDT/MDPVs in the 
interim program that are not used to meet the Tier 2 fleet average 
NOX standard or the phase-in percentage requirements in the 
Tier 2 program or to generate Tier 2 NOX credits. In a given 
model year, an individual vehicle may not be used to comply with both 
the Tier 2 fleet average NOX standard and the applicable 
interim fleet average NOX standard although vehicles from the 
same test group may be separated and the vehicles counted toward 
compliance with either program.
    (iv) Phase-in schedule for interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs. Table S04-
9 of this paragraph (l) specifies the minimum percentage of the 
manufacturer's interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV U.S. sales, by model year, 
that must comply with the fleet average NOX standard 
described in paragraph (l)(3)(ii) of this section. Table S04-9 follows:

 Table S04-9.--Phase-in Percentages for Compliance With Interim Non-Tier
               2 Fleet Average NOX Standard for HLDT/MDPVs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Percentage of
                                                            non-tier 2
                                                            HLDT/MDPVs
                                                          that must meet
                       Model year                          interim non-
                                                           tier 2 fleet
                                                            average NOX
                                                             standard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2004....................................................              25
2005....................................................              50
2006....................................................              75
2007 and 2008...........................................             100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (v)(A) A manufacturer may elect an alternate phase-in schedule, 
beginning as early as the 2001 model year, that results in 100% 
compliance by 2007 with the fleet average NOX standard for 
interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs described in paragraph (l)(3)(ii) of this 
section. The requirements of paragraph (k)(6) of this section apply to 
the selection of an alternate phase-in schedule.
    (B) If a manufacturer elects not to bring all of its HLDT/MDPVs into 
compliance with the interim requirements in 2004 as permitted under 
paragraphs (l)(2)(vii) and
    (viii) of this section, it may still use an alternate phase-in 
schedule to attain 100% compliance with the interim fleet average 
NOX standard for HLDT/

[[Page 1058]]

MDPVs, but the sum of phase-in percentages it must meet will be 225% 
rather than 250%. If the manufacturer commences its 2004 model year on 
or after December 21, 2003, for any HLDT/MDPVs, the manufacturer must 
increase the 225% by the fraction of its 2004 model year HLDT/MDPVs 
whose model year commenced on or after that date and which were brought 
into compliance with the 0.20 g/mi corporate average NOX 
standard as required under paragraph (l)(2)(ix) of this section. The 
manufacturer must ensure that the sum of the percentages of vehicles up 
through model year 2005 complying with the interim fleet average 
NOX standard is at least 50%.
    (vi) The provisions of paragraphs (c) (1), (2) and (3) of this 
section apply to flexible-fueled, dual fuel and multi-fuel interim non-
Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs.
    (vii) For 2004 model year HLDT test groups whose model year 
commences before December 21, 2003, the manufacturer may exempt such 
HLDTs from compliance with any requirements applicable to interim non-
Tier 2 HLDTs, and such HLDTs must be produced in accordance with 
standards and requirements in Secs. 86.1814-02 and Secs. 86.1815-02. 
Such HLDTs must also meet the refueling emission standards contained in 
paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
    (viii) For 2004 model year heavy-duty vehicles whose model year 
commences before December 21, 2003, the manufacturer may exempt such 
vehicles from compliance with any requirements applicable to interim 
non-Tier 2 MDPVs. Exempted vehicles will not be considered MDPVs and 
must be produced in accordance with standards and requirements in 
Sec. 86.099-10. Exempted vehicles are also exempted from refueling 
emission standards.
    (ix) For 2004 model year HLDT and MDPV test groups whose model year 
commences on or after December 21, 2003, the manufacturer must comply 
with all interim non-Tier 2 requirements in this section.
    (A) All such vehicles, but not more than 25% of the manufacturer's 
total sales of 2004 model year HLDT/MDPVs must meet the interim non-Tier 
2 fleet average NOX standard as described in paragraph 
(l)(3)(ii) of this section.
    (B) All such vehicles but not more than 40% of the manufacturer's 
2004 model year HLDT/MDPVs must comply with the refueling requirements 
in paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
    (x) Only those manufacturers that comply with the interim non-Tier 2 
FTP standards for all of their 2004 model year HLDTs and declare their 
intention to comply with the 2004 model year 25% phase-in requirement to 
the fleet average interim NOX standard for HLDTs or HLDT/
MDPVs of 0.20 g/mi described in paragraph (l) of this section may use 
the optional higher NMOG values for interim LDT4s certified to bin 10 
standards that are shown in Tables S04-1 and 2 of paragraph (c) of this 
section. Manufacturers must declare their intention to comply with the 
2004 model year 25% phase-in requirement in Part I of their HLDT 
certification applications.
    (xi) Only those manufacturers that comply with the interim non-Tier 
2 FTP standards for all of their 2004 model year MDPVs, and declare 
their intention to comply with the 2004 model year 25% phase-in 
requirement to the fleet average interim NOX standard for 
MDPVs or HLDT/MDPVs of 0.20 g/mi described in paragraph (l) of this 
section may:
    (A) Use the exhaust emission standards of bin 11 in Tables S04-1 and 
S04-2 of paragraph (c) in this section for MDPVs through model year 
2008;
    (B) For diesel-fueled vehicles, certify the engines in such 
vehicles, through model year 2007, to provisions in this part 86 
applicable to diesel-fueled heavy-duty engines of the appropriate model 
year. Such diesel fueled vehicles must not be included in any count or 
determination of compliance with the phase-in requirements applicable to 
interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs; and
    (C) Use the optional higher NMOG values for interim LDT4s certified 
to bin 10 standards that are shown in Tables S04-1 and 2.
    (xii) Manufacturers electing to comply with the provisions of 
paragraph (l)(2)(xi) of this section must declare their intention to 
comply with the 2004 model year 25% phase-in requirement to the fleet 
average interim NOX standard for MDPVs or HLDT/MDPVs of 0.20

[[Page 1059]]

g/mi in Part I of their MDPV certification applications.
    (xiii) Where diesel-fueled heavy-duty engines are used as permitted 
under paragraph (l)(2)(xi)(B) of this section, such engines must be 
treated as a separate averaging set--MDPV HDDEs-- under the averaging, 
banking and trading provisions applicable to heavy-duty diesel engines. 
Only NOX credits generated by engine-certified diesel engines 
that are used in other MDPVs can be applied to these engines. 
Manufacturers wishing to average, bank or trade credits for MDPV HDDEs 
must comply with the requirements in this paragraph and with all 
requirements applicable to heavy-duty engine averaging, banking and 
trading in this part.
    (3) Fleet average NOX standards for interim non-Tier 2 
LDV/Ts and MDPVs. (i) Manufacturers must comply with a fleet average 
full useful life NOX standard for their interim non-Tier 2 
LDV/LLDTs, on an annual basis, of 0.30 grams per mile.
    (ii) Manufacturers must comply with a fleet average full useful life 
NOX standard for their interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs, 
excluding those HLDTs and MDPVs not yet covered by the phase-in 
requirement described in paragraph (l)(2)(ii) of this section, on an 
annual basis, of 0.20 grams per mile.
    (iii) Manufacturers must determine their compliance with these 
interim fleet average NOX standards for each model year by 
separately computing the sales weighted average NOX level of 
all interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and all interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs 
(excluding those not yet phased in as described in paragraph (l)(2)(ii) 
of this section), using the methodology in Sec. 86.1860.
    (iv) Manufacturers may generate, bank, average, trade and use 
interim non-Tier 2 NOX credits based on their NOX 
fleet average as determined under paragraph (l)(3)(iii) of this section. 
Unless waived or modified by the Administrator, the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1861 of this part apply to the generation, banking, averaging, 
trading and use of credits generated by interim non-Tier 2 vehicles. 
NOX credits generated by interim non-Tier 2 vehicles are not 
subject to any discount except as required by Sec. 86.1861-04(e).
    (m) NMOG standards for diesel, flexible fueled and dual-fueled LDV/
Ts and MDPVs. (1) For diesel fueled LDV/Ts and MDPVs, the term ``NMOG'' 
in both the Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 standards means non-methane 
hydrocarbons.
    (2) Flexible-fueled and dual-fuel Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 
vehicles must be certified to NMOG exhaust emission standards both for 
operation on gasoline and on any alternate fuel they are designed to 
use. Manufacturers may measure NMHC in lieu of NMOG when flexible-fueled 
and dual-fuel vehicles are operated on gasoline, subject to the 
requirements of Sec. 86.1810(p).
    (n) Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) 
requirements. For FTP and SFTP exhaust emissions, and unless otherwise 
approved by the Administrator, manufacturers must measure emissions from 
all HEVs and ZEVs according to the requirements and test procedures 
found in the document entitled California Exhaust Emission Standards and 
Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 
2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger 
Car, Light-duty Truck and Medium-duty Vehicle Classes. This document is 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1) . Requirements and procedures 
in this document that are relevant only to complying with the California 
ZEV mandate, computing partial and full ZEV allowance credits, or 
generating and using ZEV credits, are not relevant to the federal 
program and may be disregarded. Discussion in that document relevant to 
fleet average NMOG standards and NMOG credits may also be disregarded.
    (o) NMOG measurement. (1) Manufacturers must measure NMOG emissions 
in accordance with Part G of the California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test 
Procedures. These requirements are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (2) Manufacturers must not apply reactivity adjustment factors 
(RAFs) to NMOG measurements. See Sec. 86.1841.
    (p) In-use standards. (1) Table S04-10 of this paragraph (p) 
contains in-use emission standards applicable only to vehicles certified 
to the bins shown in

[[Page 1060]]

the table. These standards apply to in-use testing performed by the 
manufacturer pursuant to regulations at Secs. 86.1845-01, 86.1845-04 and 
86.1846-01 and to in-use testing performed by EPA. These standards do 
not apply to certification or Selective Enforcement Auditing.
    (2) These standards apply only to LDV/LLDTs produced up through the 
2008 model year, and HLDT/MDPVs produced up through the 2010 model year. 
These standards are subject to other limitations described in paragraph 
(p)(3) of this section.
    (3) For the first model year and also for the next model year after 
that, in which a test group of vehicles is certified to a bin of 
standards to which it has not previously been certified, the standards 
in Table S04-10 of this paragraph (p) apply for purposes of in-use 
testing only. The standards apply equally to all LDV/Ts and MDPVs 
subject to the model year limitation in paragraph (p)(2) of this 
section. Table S04-10 follows:

                                                    Table S04-10--In-use Compliance Standards (g/mi)
                                                 [Certification standards shown for reference purposes]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                          NOX
             Bin number                 Durability period (miles)     NOX In-use     certification        NMOG In-use            NMOG certification
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5...................................                        50,000            0.07            0.05  n/a...................                         0.075
5...................................                       120,000            0.10            0.07  n/a...................                         0.090
4...................................                       120,000            0.06            0.04  n/a...................                         0.070
3...................................                       120,000            0.05            0.03  0.09..................                         0.055
2...................................                       120,000            0.03            0.02  0.02..................                         0.010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) For diesel vehicles certified to bin 10, separate in-use 
standards apply for NOX and PM emissions. These standards are 
determined by multiplying the applicable NOX and PM 
certification standards by factors of 1.2 and 1.35, respectively, and 
then rounding the result to one more decimal place than contained in the 
certification standard. The resultant standards do not apply for 
certification or selective enforcement auditing.
    (q) Hardship provision for small volume manufacturers. (1) A small 
volume manufacturer may apply for relief from any applicable final 
phase-in model year contained in this section. Relief will only be 
available to defer required compliance with a completely new set of 
standards, a fleet average NOX standard, and/or evaporative 
emission standard for 100% of affected vehicles for one model year. 
Thus, a small volume manufacturer that obtains relief may:
    (i) Defer 100% compliance with the fleet average NOX 
standard for interim LDV/LLDTs (0.30 g/mi) until 2005;
    (ii) Defer 100% compliance with the evaporative emission standards 
and/or fleet average NOX standard for Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs (0.07 
g/mi) until 2008;
    (iii) Defer 100% compliance with the requirements that interim HLDTs 
and MDPVs comply with applicable emission standards shown in Tables S04-
1 and S04-2, until 2005;
    (iv) Defer 100% compliance with the fleet average NOX 
standard for interim HLDT/MDPVs (0.20 g/mi) until 2008; and
    (v) Defer 100% compliance with the the evaporative emission 
standards and/or fleet average NOX standard for Tier 2 HLDT/
MDPVs (0.07 g/mi) until 2010.
    (2) Applications for relief must be in writing and must:
    (i) Be submitted before the earliest date of noncompliance;
    (ii) Include evidence that the manufacturer will incur severe 
economic hardship if relief is not granted;
    (iii) Include evidence that the noncompliance will occur despite the 
best efforts of the manufacturer to comply; and
    (iv) Include evidence that the manufacturer has made every 
reasonable effort to purchase credits to address the noncompliance, 
where applicable.
    (r) NMOG standard adjustment for direct ozone reducing devices. (1) 
A manufacturer may obtain NMOG credit for use in certifying to the 
exhaust NMOG standards listed in paragraph (c) of this

[[Page 1061]]

section and for use in complying with the in-use standards of paragraph 
(p) of this section, where applicable. This credit effectively allows 
the manufacturer to increase the exhaust NMOG emission standards listed 
in these paragraphs by the amount of the applicable credit. For example, 
if the applicable NMOG credit was 0.01 g/mi, and the vehicle was being 
certified in Bin 5, as described in Table S04-1 of paragraph (c) of this 
section, exhaust NMOG emissions must be no greater than 0.10 g/mi, as 
opposed to the normal NMOG certification standard of 0.09 g/mi in Bin 5.
    (2) The NMOG credit must be determined through a two-step process.
    (i) The first step must determine the ozone reduction potential of 
the direct ozone reducing device, the ozone reduction potential of 
exhaust NMOG reductions beyond Bin 5 of the Tier 2 standards, and the 
ratio of the two methods of reducing ambient ozone levels. The 
requirements for this step are described in paragraph (r)(3) of this 
section.
    (ii) The second step must demonstrate and certify the relevant 
performance characteristics of the specific ozone reducing device. The 
requirements for this step are described in paragraph (r)(4) of this 
section.
    (3) The ozone reduction potential of the direct ozone reducing 
device and the ozone reduction potential of exhaust NMOG reductions 
beyond Bin 5 of the Tier 2 standards must be estimated using procedures 
which are approved by the Administrator in advance. At a minimum:
    (i) The modeling must utilize an urban airshed model using up-to-
date chemical and meteorological simulation techniques;
    (ii) Four local areas must be modeled: New York City, Chicago, 
Atlanta and Houston;
    (iii) The ozone episodes to be modeled must meet the selection 
criteria established by EPA for State ozone SIPs;
    (iv) Photochemical and dispersion modeling must follow that used by 
EPA to project the ozone impacts of this rule, or its equivalent;
    (v) Emission projections must be made for calendar year 2007 and be 
consistent with those used by EPA in support of this final rule, or 
reflect updates approved by EPA;
    (vi) Baseline emissions (emissions prior to use of the direct ozone 
reducing device or the VOC emission reductions) must include the 
benefits of the Tier 2 emission and sulfur standards; as well as all 
other emission controls assumed in EPA's ozone modeling of the benefits 
of the Tier 2 and sulfur standards, as described in the Final Regulatory 
Impact Analysis to the Tier 2 and Sulfur Rule;
    (vii) The ozone benefit of the direct ozone reducing device must 
assume a radiator area of 0.29 square meters, an air flow velocity 
through the radiator of 40% of vehicle speed, and an ozone reduction 
efficiency of 80%, or other values as approved by the Administrator;
    (viii) The ozone level of the air entering the direct ozone reducing 
device must be assumed to be 40% less than that existing in the grid 
cell where the vehicle is located;
    (ix) The ozone benefit of VOC emission reductions must be modeled by 
assuming that all Tier 2 LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs meet an exhaust NMOG 
standard of 0.055 g/mi or lower instead of a 0.09 g/mi NMOG standard;
    (x) The ozone reducing device must be assumed to be present on all 
of the Tier 2 LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs modeled as meeting the more stringent 
NMOG standard described in paragraph (r)(3)(ix) of this section;
    (xi) The relationship between changes in exhaust NMOG emission 
standards and in-use VOC emissions must be determined sufficiently far 
in the future to ensure that the change in ozone being modeled is 
sufficiently large to allow comparison with the impact of the ozone 
reducing device;
    (xii) LDV, LDT and MDPV emissions must be modeled using the updated 
Tier 2 emission model developed by EPA as part of the Tier 2 rulemaking 
(available from EPA upon request) or MOBILE6, once this model is 
available;
    (xiii) The ozone benefit of the direct ozone reducing device must be 
the reduction in the peak one-hour ozone level anywhere in the modeled 
region on the day when ozone is at its highest;
    (xiv) The NMOG credit in each local area must be the reduction in 
peak one

[[Page 1062]]

hour ozone associated with use of the direct ozone reducing device 
divided by the reduction in peak one hour ozone associated with the more 
stringent exhaust NMOG emission standard multiplied by the reduction the 
exhaust NMOG standard (in g/mi) modeled in paragraph (r)(3)(ix) of this 
section; and
    (xv) The NMOG credit applicable to the generic direct ozone reducing 
device modeled in paragraph (r)(3)(vii) of this section must be 
determined by arithmetically averaging the NMOG credit determined in 
paragraph (r)(3)(xiv) of this section for each of the four local areas.
    (4) The manufacturer must submit data, using procedures which have 
been approved by the Administrator in advance, that demonstrate the 
following aspects of the device being certified:
    (i) The air flowrate through the device as a function of vehicle 
speed;
    (ii) The ozone reduction efficiency of the device over the useful 
life of the vehicle for a range of vehicle speeds and ozone levels;
    (iii) The method through which the onboard diagnostic system will 
detect improper performance.
    (5) The NMOG credit for the specific application of this technology 
tested under the provisions of paragraph (r)(4) of this section is the 
four-area NMOG credit determined in paragraph (r)(3)(xv) of this section 
scaled based on the performance of the specific application tested under 
the provisions of paragraph (r)(4) of this section relative to those 
assumed in paragraph (r)(3)(vii) of this section. This scaling must 
assume a linear relationship between the NMOG credit and three aspects 
of the direct ozone reducing device: radiator area, average air flow 
through the radiator relative to vehicle speed, and ozone reduction 
efficiency and the NMOG credit. The NMOG credit must be rounded to the 
nearest 0.001 g/mi. For example, if the NMOG credit determined in 
paragraph (r)(3)(xv) of this section was 0.01 g/mi and the specific 
direct ozone reducing device being certified had an area of 0.20 square 
meters, an air flow velocity of 30% of vehicle speed and an ozone 
reducing efficiency of 70%, and the generic ozone reducing device 
simulated in the ozone model under paragraph (r)(3)(vii) of this section 
had an area of 0.29 square meters, an air flow velocity of 40% of 
vehicle speed and an ozone reducing efficiency of 80%, the NMOG credit 
applicable to the specific device being certified would be:

0.01 g/mi * (0.20/0.29) * (30%/40%) * 70%/80%) = 0.005

[65 FR 6854, Feb. 10, 2000; 65 FR 10598, Feb. 28, 2000]



Sec. 86.1812-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 1.

    This section applies to 2001 and later model year light-duty truck 
1's fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels except as noted. Multi-fueled vehicles shall comply 
with all requirements established for each consumed fuel. For methanol 
fueled vehicles, references in this section to total hydrocarbons shall 
mean total hydrocarbon equivalents and references to non-methane 
hydrocarbons shall mean non-methane hydrocarbon equivalents. This 
section does not apply to 2004 and later model year vehicles, except as 
specifically referenced by Sec. 86.1811-04.
    (a) Exhaust emission standards. (1) Exhaust emissions shall not 
exceed the following standards at intermediate useful life:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.25 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 3.4 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.4 grams per mile except diesel fuel which 
have a 1.0 gram per mile standard.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.08 grams per mile.
    (2) Exhaust emissions from 2001 and later model year light-duty 
truck 1's shall not exceed the following standards at full useful life:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons: 0.80 grams per mile, except natural gas, 
which has no standard. For purposes of this section, the full useful 
life total hydrocarbon standard is for 11 years or 120,000 miles 
whichever occurs first.
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.31 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 4.2 grams per mile.

[[Page 1063]]

    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.6 grams per mile except diesel fuel which 
have a 1.25 gram per mile standard.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.10 grams per mile.
    (b) Supplemental exhaust emission standards. (1) Supplemental 
exhaust emissions from gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled light-duty 
truck 1's shall not exceed the following standards at intermediate 
useful life:
    (i) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 0.65 
grams per mile except diesel fuel which have a 1.48 gram per mile 
standard.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 3.0 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 9.0 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 3.4 grams per mile.
    (2) Supplemental exhaust emissions from gasoline-fueled and diesel-
fueled light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the following standards at 
full useful life:
    (i) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 0.91 
grams per mile except diesel fuel which have a 2.07 gram per mile 
standard.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 3.7 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 11.1 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 4.2 grams per mile.
    (c) Cold temperature emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 1's with a loaded vehicle weight of 
3,750 lbs or less shall not exceed the cold temperature CO standard of 
10.0 grams carbon monoxide per mile for an intermediate useful life of 
50,000 miles.
    (d) Evaporative emissions. Evaporative emissions from gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 
methanol-fueled light-duty truck 1's shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly assembled 
vehicles.
    (1) Hydrocarbons. (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, 
diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) Refueling emissions. Refueling emissions from light-duty truck 
1's shall be phased in, in accordance with the schedule in table S01-4 
of Sec. 86.1810-01 not to exceed the following emission standards:
    (1) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles: 
0.20 grams hydrocarbon per gallon (0.053 gram per liter) of fuel 
dispensed.
    (2) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles: 0.15 grams 
hydrocarbon per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (f) Certification short test. Certification short test emissions 
from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty trucks shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (g) Idle exhaust emission standards. Exhaust emissions of carbon 
monoxide from gasoline, methanol, natural gas-and liquefied petroleum 
gas-fueled light-duty trucks shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust 
gas flow at curb idle for a useful life of 11 years or 120,000 miles, 
whichever first occurs.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6863, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1813-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 2.

    This section applies to 2001 and later model year light-duty truck 
2's fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels

[[Page 1064]]

except as noted. Multi-fueled vehicles shall comply with all 
requirements established for each consumed fuel. For methanol fueled 
vehicles, references in this section to total hydrocarbons shall mean 
total hydrocarbon equivalents and references to non-methane hydrocarbons 
shall mean non-methane hydrocarbon equivalents. This section does not 
apply to 2004 and later model year vehicles, except as specifically 
referenced by Sec. 86.1811-04.
    (a) Exhaust emissions. (1) Exhaust emissions shall not exceed the 
following standards at intermediate useful life:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.32 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 4.4 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.7 grams per mile except diesel fueled 
vehicles which have no standard.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.08 grams per mile.
    (2) Exhaust emissions shall not exceed the following standards at 
full useful life:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons: 0.80 grams per mile, except natural gas, 
which has no standard. For purposes of this section, the full useful 
life total hydrocarbon standard is for 11 years or 120,000 miles 
whichever occurs first.
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.40 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 5.5 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.97 grams per mile.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.10 grams per mile.
    (b) Supplemental exhaust emissions. (1) Supplemental exhaust 
emissions from gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 2's shall not exceed the 
following standards at intermediate useful life:
    (i) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 1.02 
grams per mile.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 3.9 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 11.6 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 4.4 grams per mile.
    (2) Supplemental exhaust emissions from gasoline-fueled light-duty 
truck 2's shall not exceed the following standards at full useful life:
    (i) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 1.37 
grams per mile.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 4.9 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 14.6 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 5.5 grams per mile.
    (c) Cold temperature emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 2's during cold temperature testing 
shall not exceed a cold temperature CO standard of 12.5 grams per mile 
for an intermediate useful life of 50,000 miles.
    (d) Evaporative emissions. Evaporative emissions from gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 
methanol-fueled light-duty truck 2's shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly assembled 
vehicles.
    (1) Hydrocarbons (Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent for methanol-fueled). 
(i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) [Reserved]

[[Page 1065]]

    (e) Refueling emissions. Refueling emissions from light-duty truck 
2's shall be phased in, in accordance with the schedule in table S01-4 
of Sec. 86.1810-01 not to exceed the following emission standards:
    (1) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles: 
0.20 grams hydrocarbon per gallon (0.053 gram per liter) of fuel 
dispensed.
    (2) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles: 0.15 grams 
hydrocarbon per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed.
    (f) Certification short test. Certification short test emissions 
from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (g) Idle exhaust emission standards, light-duty trucks. Exhaust 
emissions of carbon monoxide from 2001 and later model year gasoline, 
methanol, natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle 
for a useful life of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6863, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1814-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 3.

    This section applies to 2001 and later model year light-duty truck 
3's fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels except as noted. Multi-fueled vehicles shall comply 
with all requirements established for each consumed fuel. For methanol 
fueled vehicles, references in this section to total hydrocarbons shall 
mean total hydrocarbon equivalents and references to non-methane 
hydrocarbons shall mean non-methane hydrocarbon equivalents.
    (a) Exhaust emission standards. (1) Exhaust emissions shall not 
exceed the following standards at intermediate useful life:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.32 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 4.4 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.7 grams per mile except diesel-fueled 
vehicles which have no standard.
    (v) [Reserved]
    (2) Exhaust emissions from 2001 and later model year light-duty 
truck 3's shall not exceed the following standards at full useful life:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons: 0.80 grams per mile except natural gas 
fueled vehicles which has no total hydrocarbon standard.
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.46 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 6.4 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.98 grams per mile.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.10 grams per mile.
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c) Cold temperature emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 3's shall not exceed the cold 
temperature CO standard of 12.5 grams per mile for an intermediate 
useful life of 50,000 miles.
    (d) Evaporative emissions. Evaporative emissions from gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 
methanol-fueled light-duty truck 3's shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly assembled 
vehicles.
    (1) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of 30 gallons or more shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of less than 30 gallons shall not exceed the 
following standards:

[[Page 1066]]

    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Certification short test. Certification short test emissions 
from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (g) Idle exhaust emission standards. Exhaust emissions of carbon 
monoxide from 2001 and later model year gasoline, methanol, natural gas-
and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled light-duty trucks shall not exceed 
0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle for a useful life of 11 
years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs.



Sec. 86.1814-02  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 3.

    This section applies to 2002 and later model year light-duty truck 
3's fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels except as noted. Multi-fueled vehicles shall comply 
with all requirements established for each consumed fuel. For methanol 
fueled vehicles, references in this section to total hydrocarbons shall 
mean total hydrocarbon equivalents and references to non-methane 
hydrocarbons shall mean non-methane hydrocarbon equivalents. This 
section does not apply to 2004 and later model year vehicles, except as 
specifically referenced by Sec. 86.1811-04.
    (a) Exhaust emission standards. (1) Exhaust emissions shall not 
exceed the following standards at intermediate useful life:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.32 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 4.4 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.7 grams per mile except diesel-fueled 
vehicles which have no standard.
    (v) [Reserved]
    (2) Exhaust emissions from 2001 and later model year light-duty 
truck 3's shall not exceed the following standards at full useful life:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons: 0.80 grams per mile except natural gas 
fueled vehicles which have no total hydrocarbon standard.
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.46 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 6.4 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 0.98 grams per mile.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.10 grams per mile.
    (b) Supplemental exhaust emissions. (1) Supplemental exhaust 
emissions for 2002 and later model year gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 
3's shall not exceed the following standards at intermediate useful 
life:
    (i) Non-methane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 1.02 
grams per mile.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 3.9 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 11.6 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 4.4 grams per mile.
    (2) Supplemental exhaust emissions from 2002 and later model year 
gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 3's shall not exceed the following 
standards at full useful life:
    (i) Non-methane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 1.44 
grams per mile.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 5.6 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and

[[Page 1067]]

    (2) 16.9 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 6.4 grams per mile.
    (c) Cold temperature emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 3's shall not exceed the cold 
temperature CO standard of 12.5 grams per mile for an intermediate 
useful life of 50,000 miles.
    (d) Evaporative emissions. Evaporative emissions from gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 
methanol-fueled light-duty truck 3's shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly assembled 
vehicles.
    (1) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of 30 gallons or more shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of less than 30 gallons shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Certification short test. Certification short test emissions 
from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (g) Idle exhaust emission standards. Exhaust emissions of carbon 
monoxide from 2001 and later model year gasoline, methanol, natural gas- 
and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled light-duty trucks shall not exceed 
0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle for a useful life of 11 
years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6863, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1815-01  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 4.

    This section applies to 2001 and later model year light-duty truck 
4's fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels except as noted. Multi-fueled vehicles shall comply 
with all requirements established for each consumed fuel. For methanol 
fueled vehicles, references in this section to total hydrocarbons shall 
mean total hydrocarbon equivalents and references to non-methane 
hydrocarbons shall mean non-methane hydrocarbon equivalents.
    (a) Exhaust emission standards. (1) Exhaust emissions from light-
duty truck 4's shall not exceed the following standards at intermediate 
useful life:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.39 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 5.0 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 1.1 grams per mile except diesel fueled 
vehicles which have no standard.
    (v) [Reserved]
    (2) Exhaust emissions shall not exceed the following standards at 
full useful life:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons: 0.80 grams per mile except natural gas fuel 
which has no total hydrocarbon standard.
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.56 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 7.3 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 1.53 grams per mile.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.12 grams per mile.
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c) Cold temperature emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
gasoline-

[[Page 1068]]

fueled light-duty truck 4's shall not exceed the cold temperature CO 
standard of 12.5 grams per mile for an intermediate useful life of 
50,000 miles.
    (d) Evaporative emissions. Evaporative emissions from gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 
methanol-fueled light-duty truck 4's shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly assembled 
vehicles.
    (1) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of 30 gallons or more shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of less than 30 gallons shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Certification short test. Certification short test emissions 
from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (g) Idle exhaust emission standards, light-duty trucks. Exhaust 
emissions of carbon monoxide from gasoline, methanol, natural gas- and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled light-duty trucks shall not exceed 0.50 
percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle for a useful life of 11 years 
or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.



Sec. 86.1815-02  Emission standards for light-duty trucks 4.

    This section applies to 2002 and later model year light-duty truck 
4's fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas and liquefied 
petroleum gas fuels except as noted. Multi-fueled vehicles shall comply 
with all requirements established for each consumed fuel. For methanol 
fueled vehicles, references in this section to total hydrocarbons shall 
mean total hydrocarbon equivalents and references to non-methane 
hydrocarbons shall mean non-methane hydrocarbon equivalents. This 
section does not apply to 2004 and later model year vehicles, except as 
specifically referenced by Sec. 86.1811-04.
    (a) Exhaust emission standards. (1) Exhaust emissions from light-
duty truck 4's shall not exceed the following standards at intermediate 
useful life:
    (i) [Reserved]
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.39 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 5.0 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 1.1 grams per mile except diesel fueled 
vehicles which have no standard.
    (v) [Reserved]
    (2) Exhaust emissions shall not exceed the following standards at 
full useful life:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons: 0.80 grams per mile except natural gas fuel 
which has no total hydrocarbon standard.
    (ii) Non-methane hydrocarbons: 0.56 grams per mile.
    (iii) Carbon monoxide: 7.3 grams per mile.
    (iv) Oxides of nitrogen: 1.53 grams per mile.
    (v) Particulate matter: 0.12 grams per mile.
    (b) Supplemental exhaust emissions. (1) Supplemental exhaust 
emissions from gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 4's shall not exceed the 
following standards at intermediate useful life:
    (i) Non-methane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 1.49 
grams per mile.

[[Page 1069]]

    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 4.4 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 13.2 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 5.0 grams per mile.
    (2) Supplemental exhaust emissions from gasoline-fueled light-duty 
truck 4's shall not exceed the following standards at full useful life:
    (i) Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen composite: 2.09 
grams per mile.
    (ii) Carbon monoxide. Regulated vehicles shall meet at least one of 
the following two sets of standards:
    (A) Individual US06 and SC03 Air Conditioning compliance. Comply 
with both the following standards:
    (1) 6.4 grams per mile on the A/C test, not applicable to diesel 
fueled vehicles; and
    (2) 19.3 grams per mile on the US06 test; or
    (B) Composite Carbon Monoxide Standard: 7.3 grams per mile.
    (c) Cold temperature emission standards. Exhaust emissions from 
gasoline-fueled light-duty truck 4's shall not exceed the cold 
temperature CO standard of 12.5 grams per mile for an intermediate 
useful life of 50,000 miles.
    (d) Evaporative emissions. Evaporative emissions from gasoline-
fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 
methanol-fueled light-duty truck 4's shall not exceed the following 
standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use 
vehicles. The spitback standard also applies to newly assembled 
vehicles.
    (1) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of 30 gallons or more shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.5 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (2) Hydrocarbons for gasoline and methanol light-duty trucks with a 
nominal fuel tank capacity of less than 30 gallons shall not exceed the 
following standards:
    (i) For the full three-diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak 
measurements: 2.0 grams per test.
    (ii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. For the supplemental two-
diurnal test sequence, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.5 grams per 
test.
    (iii) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Running loss test: 0.05 grams 
per mile.
    (iv) Gasoline and methanol fuel only. Fuel dispensing spitback test: 
1.0 grams per test.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Certification short test. Certification short test emissions 
from gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty 
trucks shall not exceed the following standards:
    (1) Hydrocarbons: 100 ppm as hexane.
    (2) Carbon monoxide: 0.5%.
    (g) Idle exhaust emission standards, light-duty trucks. Exhaust 
emissions of carbon monoxide from gasoline, methanol, natural gas- and 
liquefied petroleum gas-fueled light-duty trucks shall not exceed 0.50 
percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle for a useful life of 11 years 
or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6863, Feb. 10, 2000]



Secs. 86.1816-86.1819  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1820-01  Durability group determination.

    This section applies to the grouping of vehicles into durability 
groups. Manufacturers shall divide their product line into durability 
groups based on the following criteria:
    (a) The vehicles covered by a certification application shall be 
divided into groups of vehicles which are expected to have similar 
emission deterioration and emission component durability characteristics 
throughout their useful

[[Page 1070]]

life. Manufacturers shall use good engineering judgment in dividing 
their vehicles into durability groups. Such groups of vehicles are 
defined as durability groups.
    (b) To be included in the same durability group, vehicles must be 
identical in all the respects listed in paragraphs (b) (1) through (7) 
of this section:
    (1) Combustion cycle (e.g., two stroke, four stroke, Otto cycle, 
diesel cycle).
    (2) Engine type (e.g., piston, rotary, turbine, air cooled versus 
water cooled).
    (3) Fuel used (e.g., gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, CNG, LPG, 
flexible fuels).
    (4) Basic fuel metering system (e.g., throttle body injection, port 
injection (including central port injection), carburetor, CNG mixer 
unit).
    (5) Catalyst construction (for example, beads or monolith).
    (6) Precious metal composition of the catalyst by the type of 
principal active material(s) used (e.g., platinum based oxidation 
catalyst, palladium based oxidation catalyst, platinum and rhodium 
three-way catalyst, palladium and rhodium three way catalyst, platinum 
and palladium and rhodium three way catalyst).
    (7) The manufacturer must choose one of the following two criteria:
    (i) Grouping statistic:
    (A) Vehicles are grouped based upon the value of the grouping 
statistic determined using the following equation:

GS = [(Cat Vol)/(Disp)]  x  Loading Rate

Where:

GS = Grouping Statistic used to evaluate the range of precious metal 
loading rates and relative sizing of the catalysts compared to the 
engine displacement that are allowable within a durability group. The 
grouping statistic shall be rounded to a tenth of a gram/liter, in 
accordance with the Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-93a, 
Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
Conformance with Specifications (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec. 86.1).
Cat Vol = Total volume of the catalyst(s) in liters.
Disp = Displacement of the engine in liters.
Loading rate = The mass of total precious metal(s) in the catalyst (or 
the total mass of all precious metal(s) of all the catalysts if the 
vehicle is equipped with multiple catalysts) in grams divided by the 
total volume of the catalyst(s) in liters.

    (B) Engine-emission control system combinations which have a 
grouping statistic which is either less than 25 percent of the largest 
grouping statistic value, or less than 0.2 g/liter (whichever allows the 
greater coverage of the durability group) shall be grouped into the same 
durability group.
    (ii) The manufacturer may elect to use another procedure which 
results in at least as many durability groups as required using criteria 
in paragraph (b)(7)(i) of this section providing that only vehicles with 
similar emission deterioration or durability are combined into a single 
durability group.
    (c) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into 
durability groups based on the criteria listed above (such as non-
catalyst control system approaches), the Administrator will establish 
durability groups for those vehicles based upon the features most 
related to their exhaust emission deterioration characteristics.
    (d) Manufacturers may further divide groups determined under 
paragraph (b) of this section provided the Administrator is notified of 
any such changes prior to or concurrently with the submission of the 
application for certification (preferably at an annual preview meeting 
scheduled before the manufacturer begins certification activities for 
the model year).
    (e) Manufacturers may request the Administrator's approval to 
combine vehicles into a single durability group which would normally not 
be eligible to be in a single durability group. The petition should 
provide:
    (1) Substantial evidence that all the vehicles in the larger 
grouping will have the same degree of emission deterioration;
    (2) Evidence of equivalent component durability over the vehicle's 
useful life; and
    (3) Evidence that the groups will result in sufficient In-Use 
Verification Program data, appropriate tracking in use, and clear 
liability for the Agency's recall program.

[[Page 1071]]



Sec. 86.1821-01  Evaporative/refueling family determination.

    (a) The gasoline-, methanol-, liquefied petroleum gas-, and natural 
gas-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks described in a 
certification application will be divided into groupings which are 
expected to have similar evaporative and/or refueling emission 
characteristics (as applicable) throughout their useful life. Each group 
of vehicles with similar evaporative and/or refueling emission 
characteristics shall be defined as a separate evaporative/refueling 
family. Manufacturers shall use good engineering judgment to determine 
evaporative/refueling families.
    (b) For gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks to be classed in the same evaporative/refueling 
family, vehicles must be similar with respect to the items listed in 
paragraphs (b) (1) through (9) of this section.
    (1) Type of vapor storage device (e.g., canister, air cleaner, 
crankcase).
    (2) Basic canister design.
    (i) Working capacity--grams adsorption within a 10 g. range.
    (ii) System configuration--number of canisters and method of 
connection (i.e., series, parallel).
    (iii) Canister geometry, construction and materials.
    (3) Fuel system.
    (4) Type of refueling emission control system--non-integrated or 
integrated with the evaporative control system. Further, if the system 
is non-integrated, whether or not any other evaporative emissions, e.g. 
diurnal or hot soak emissions, are captured in the same storage device 
as the refueling emissions.
    (5) Fillpipe seal mechanism--mechanical, liquid trap, other.
    (6) Vapor control system or method of controlling vapor flow through 
the vapor line to the canister (for example, type of valve, vapor 
control strategy).
    (7) Purge control system (for example, type of valve, purge control 
strategy).
    (8) Vapor hose material.
    (9) Fuel tank material.
    (c) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into 
evaporative/refueling families based on the criteria listed above (such 
as non-canister control system approaches), the Administrator will 
establish families for those vehicles based upon the features most 
related to their evaporative and/or refueling emission characteristics.
    (d) Manufacturers may further divide families determined under 
paragraph (b) of this section provided the Administrator is notified of 
any such changes prior to or concurrently with the submission of the 
application for certification (preferably at an annual preview meeting 
scheduled before the manufacturer begins certification activities for 
the model year).
    (e) Manufacturers may petition the Administrator to combine vehicles 
into a single evaporative/refueling family which would normally not be 
eligible to be in a single evaporative/refueling family. The petition 
should provide:
    (1) Substantial evidence that all the vehicles in the larger 
grouping will have the same degree of evaporative emission 
deterioration;
    (2) Evidence of equivalent component durability over the vehicle's 
useful life; and
    (3) Evidence that the groups will result in sufficient In-Use 
Verification Program data, appropriate tracking in use, and clear 
liability for the Agency's recall program.



Sec. 86.1822-01  Durability data vehicle selection.

    (a) Within each durability group, the vehicle configuration which is 
expected to generate the highest level of exhaust emission deterioration 
on candidate vehicles in use, considering all constituents, shall be 
selected as the durability data vehicle configuration. The manufacturer 
will use good engineering judgment in making this selection.
    (b) The manufacturer may select, using good engineering judgment, an 
equivalent or worst-case configuration in lieu of testing the vehicle 
selected in paragraph (a) of this section. Carryover data satisfying the 
provisions of Sec. 86.1839-01 may also be used in lieu of testing the 
configuration selected in paragraph (a) of this section.

[[Page 1072]]



Sec. 86.1823-01  Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions.

    This section applies to light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and 
heavy-duty vehicles certified under the provisions of Sec. 86.1801-
01(c)(1). Eligible small volume manufacturers or small volume test 
groups may optionally meet the requirements of Secs. 86.1838-01 and 
86.1826-01 in lieu of the requirements of this section. For model years 
2001, 2002, and 2003 all manufacturers may elect to meet the provisions 
of paragraph (c)(2) of this section in lieu of these requirements.
    (a) The manufacturer shall propose a durability program consisting 
of the elements discussed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this 
section for advance approval by the Administrator. The durability 
process shall be designed to effectively predict the expected 
deterioration of candidate in-use vehicles over their full and 
intermediate useful life and shall be consistent with good engineering 
judgment. The Administrator will approve the program if he/she 
determines that it is reasonably expected to meet these design 
requirements.
    (1) Service accumulation method. (i) Each durability program shall 
include a service accumulation method designed to effectively predict 
the deterioration of emissions in actual use over the full and 
intermediate useful life of candidate in-use vehicles.
    (ii) Manufacturers may propose service accumulation methods based 
upon whole-vehicle full-mileage accumulation, whole vehicle accelerated 
mileage accumulation (e.g., where 40,000 miles on a severe mileage 
accumulation cycle is equivalent to 100,000 miles of normal in-use 
driving), bench aging of individual components or systems, or other 
approaches approved by the Administrator.
    (A) For whole vehicle mileage accumulation programs, all emission 
control components and systems (including both hardware and software) 
must be installed and operating for the entire mileage accumulation 
period.
    (B) Bench procedures shall simulate the aging of components or 
systems over the applicable useful life and shall simulate driving 
patterns and vehicle operational environments found in actual use. For 
this purpose, manufacturers may remove the emission-related components 
(and other components), in whole or in part, from the durability vehicle 
itself and deteriorate them independently. Vehicle testing for the 
purpose of determining deterioration factors may include the testing of 
durability vehicles that incorporate such bench-aged components.
    (2) Vehicle/component selection method. The manufacturer shall 
propose a vehicle/component selection method for advance approval by the 
Administrator. The procedure for selecting durability data vehicles and 
components shall meet the requirements of Sec. 86.1822-01.
    (3) Use of deterioration program to determine compliance with the 
standard. The manufacturer shall propose procedures for the 
determination of compliance with the standards for advance approval by 
the Administrator. The calculation of deterioration factors and/or the 
determination of vehicle compliance shall be according to the procedures 
approved in advance by the Administrator. The Administrator will allow 
two methods for using the results of the deterioration program to 
determine compliance with the standards. Either a deterioration factor 
(DF) is calculated and applied to the emission data vehicle (EDV) 
emission results or aged components are installed on the EDV prior to 
emission testing. Other methods may be approved by the Administrator if 
they result in an effective prediction of intermediate and full useful 
life emission levels on candidate in-use vehicles.
    (i) Use of deterioration factors. (A) Deterioration factors are 
calculated using all FTP emission test data generated during the 
durability testing program except as noted:
    (1) Multiple tests at a given mileage point are averaged together 
unless the same number of tests are conducted at each mileage point.
    (2) Before and after maintenance test results are averaged together.
    (3) Zero-mile test results are excluded from the calculation.
    (4) When calculating intermediate and full useful life deterioration 
factors all data points should be included in the calculations, except 
that total hydrocarbon (THC) test points beyond

[[Page 1073]]

the 50,000-mile (useful life) test point shall not be included in the 
calculations.
    (5) A procedure may be employed to identify and remove from the DF 
calculation those test results determined to be statistical outliers 
providing that the outlier procedure is consistently applied to all 
vehicles and data points and is approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
    (B) The deterioration factor shall be based on a linear regression, 
or an other regression technique approved in advance by the 
Administrator. The deterioration may be a multiplicative or additive 
factor. Separate factors will be calculated for each regulated emission 
constituent and for the full and intermediate useful life periods as 
applicable. Separate DF's are calculated for each durability group 
except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (1) A multiplicative DF will be calculated by taking the ratio of 
the full or intermediate useful life mileage level, as appropriate 
(rounded to four decimal places), divided by the stabilized mileage 
(reference Sec. 86.1831-01(c), e.g., 4000-mile) level (rounded to four 
decimal places) from the regression analysis; the result shall be 
rounded to three-decimal places of accuracy. The rounding required in 
this paragraph shall be conducted in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using 
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 86.1). Calculated DF 
values of less than one shall be changed to one for the purposes of this 
paragraph.
    (2) An additive DF will be calculated to be the difference between 
the full or intermediate useful life mileage level (as appropriate) 
minus the stabilized mileage (reference Sec. 86.1831-01(c), e.g. 4000-
mile) level from the regression analysis. The full useful life regressed 
emission value, the stabilized mileage regressed emission value, and the 
DF result shall be rounded to the same precision and using the same 
procedures as the raw emission results according to the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1837-01. Calculated DF values of less than zero shall be changed 
to zero for the purposes of this paragraph.
    (C) The DF calculated by these procedures will be used for 
determining compliance with FTP exhaust emission standards, SFTP exhaust 
emission standards, and cold CO emission standards. At the 
manufacturer's option and using procedures approved by the 
Administrator, a separate DF may be calculated exclusively using cold CO 
test data to determine compliance with cold CO emission standards. Also 
at the manufacturer's option and using procedures approved by the 
Administrator, a separate DF may be calculated exclusively using US06 
and/or air conditioning (SC03) test data to determine compliance with 
the SFTP emission standards.
    (ii) Installation of aged components on emission data vehicles. For 
full and intermediate useful life compliance determination, the 
manufacturer may elect to install aged components on an EDV rather than 
applying a deterioration factor. Different sets of components may be 
aged for full and intermediate useful life periods. The list of 
components to be installed, the techniques used to select physical parts 
to be aged, and the aging techniques employed to age the components must 
be approved in advance by the Administrator.
    (b) In addition to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, 
manufacturers shall submit the following information when applying for 
the Administrator's approval of a durability program:
    (1) Analysis and/or data demonstrating the adequacy of the 
manufacturer's durability processes to effectively predict emission 
compliance for candidate in-use vehicles. All regulated emission 
constituents and all test procedures shall be considered in this 
analysis. This data and discussion shall cover the breadth of the 
manufacturer's product line that will be covered by this durability 
procedure.
    (2) Discussion of the manufacturer's in-use verification procedures 
including testing performed, vehicle procurement procedures used, and 
vehicles rejection criteria used. Any questionnaires used or inspections 
performed should also be documented in the manufacturer's submission. 
The in-use

[[Page 1074]]

verification program shall meet the requirements of Secs. 86.1845-01, 
86.1846-01 and 86.1847-01.
    (c) Carryover and carryacross. (1) Manufacturers may carry over or 
carry across mileage accumulation data, aged hardware, or deterioration 
factors according to the provisions of Sec. 86.1839-01 using good 
engineering judgment.
    (2) For the 2001, 2002, and 2003 model years, the manufacturer may 
carry over exhaust emission DF's previously generated under the Standard 
AMA Durability Program described in Sec. 86.094-13(c), the Alternate 
Service Accumulation Durability Program described in Sec. 86.094-13(e) 
or the Standard Self-Approval Durability Program for light-duty trucks 
described in Sec. 86.094-13(f) in lieu of complying with the durability 
provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (i) This provision is limited to the use of existing data used for a 
2000 model year or earlier certification. All new exhaust durability 
data must be generated according to the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering judgment when 
determining the eligibility to use carryover exhaust emission DF's and 
the selection of the vehicle used as the source of carryover.
    (iii) Starting with the 2004 model year, manufacturers must meet the 
provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
    (d) Data reporting requirements. Data reporting requirements are 
contained in Sec. 86.1844-01.
    (e) Emission component durability. The manufacturer shall use good 
engineering judgment to determine that all emission-related components 
are designed to operate properly for the full useful life of the 
vehicles in actual use.
    (f) In-use verification. The durability program must meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.1845-01.
    (g) The manufacturer shall apply the approved durability process to 
a durability group, including durability groups in future model years, 
if the durability process will effectively predict (or alternatively, 
overstate) the deterioration of emissions in actual use over the full 
and intermediate useful life of candidate in-use vehicles. The 
manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining the 
applicability of the durability program to a durability group.
    (1) The manufacturer may make modifications to an approved 
durability process using good engineering judgment for the purpose of 
ensuring that the modified process will effectively predict, (or 
alternatively, overstate) the deterioration of emissions in actual use 
over the full and intermediate useful life of candidate in-use vehicles.
    (2) The manufacturer shall notify the Administrator of its 
determination to use an approved (or modified) durability program on 
particular test groups and durability groups prior to emission data 
vehicle testing for the affected test groups (preferably at an annual 
preview meeting scheduled before the manufacturer begins certification 
activities for the model year).
    (3) Prior to certification, the Administrator may reject the 
manufacturer's determination in paragraph (g) of this section if it is 
not made using good engineering judgment or it fails to properly 
consider data collected under the provisions of Secs. 86.1845-01, 
86.1846-01, and 86.1847-01 or other information if the Administrator 
determines that the durability process has not been shown to effectively 
predict emission levels or compliance with the standards in use on 
candidate vehicles for particular test groups which the manufacturers 
plan to cover with the durability process.
    (h) The Administrator may withdraw approval to use a durability 
process or require modifications to a durability process based on the 
data collected under Secs. 86.1845-01, 86.1846-01, and 86.1847-01 or 
other information if the Administrator determines that the durability 
processes have not been shown to accurately predict emission levels or 
compliance with the standards in use on candidate vehicles (provided the 
inaccuracy could result in a lack of compliance with the standards for a 
test group covered by this durability process). Such withdrawals shall 
apply to future applications for certification and to the portion of the 
manufacturer's product line (or the entire product

[[Page 1075]]

line) that the Administrator determines to be affected. Prior to such a 
withdrawal the Administrator shall give the manufacturer a preliminary 
notice at least 60 days prior to the final decision. During this period, 
the manufacturer may submit technical discussion, statistical analyses, 
additional data, or other information which is relevant to the decision. 
The Administrator will consider all information submitted by the 
deadline before reaching a final decision.
    (i) Any manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
withdrawal of approval in paragraph (h) of this section. The request 
shall be in writing and shall include a statement specifying the 
manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determinations, and 
data in support of such objection. If, after review of the request and 
supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises a 
substantial factual issue, she/he shall provide the manufacturer a 
hearing in accordance with Sec. 86.1853-01 with respect to such issue.



Sec. 86.1824-01  Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative emissions.

    This section applies to gasoline-, methanol-, liquefied petroleum 
gas-, and natural gas-fueled LDV/Ts and MDPVs. The manufacturer shall 
determine a durability process that will predict the expected 
evaporative emission deterioration of candidate in-use vehicles over 
their full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering 
judgment in determining this process.
    (a) Service accumulation method. (1) The manufacturer shall develop 
a service accumulation method designed to effectively predict the 
deterioration of candidate in-use vehicles' evaporative emissions in 
actual use over its full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good 
engineering judgement in developing this method.
    (2) The manufacturers may develop a service accumulation methods 
based upon whole-vehicle full-mileage accumulation, whole vehicle 
accelerated mileage accumulation (e.g., where 40,000 miles on a severe 
mileage accumulation cycle is equivalent to 100,000 miles of normal in-
use driving), bench aging of individual components or systems, or other 
approaches approved by the Administrator.
    (i) For whole vehicle mileage accumulation programs, all emission 
control components and systems (including both hardware and software) 
must be installed and operating for the entire mileage accumulation 
period.
    (ii) Bench procedures shall simulate the aging of components or 
systems over the applicable useful life and shall simulate driving 
patterns and vehicle operational environments found in actual use. For 
this purpose, manufacturers may remove the emission-related components 
(and other components), in whole or in part, from the durability vehicle 
itself and deteriorate them independently. Vehicle testing for the 
purpose of determining deterioration factors may include the testing of 
durability vehicles that incorporate such bench-aged components.
    (iii) For gasoline fueled vehicles certified to meet the evaporative 
emission standards set forth in Sec. 86.1811-04(e)(1), any service 
accumulation method for evaporative emissions must employ gasoline fuel 
for the entire service accumulation period which contains ethanol in, at 
least, the highest concentration permissible in gasoline under federal 
law and that is commercially available in any state in the United 
States. Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, the manufacturer 
must determine the appropriate ethanol concentration by selecting the 
highest legal concentration commercially available during the calendar 
year before the one in which the manufacturer begins its service 
accumulation. The manufacturer must also provide information acceptable 
to the Administrator to indicate that the service accumulation method is 
of sufficient design, duration and severity to stabilize the 
permeability of all non-metallic fuel and evaporative system components 
to the service accumulation fuel constituents.
    (iv) For flexible-fueled, dual-fueled, multi-fueled, ethanol-fueled 
and methanol-fueled vehicles certified to meet the evaporative emission 
standards set forth in Sec. 86.1811-04(e)(1), any service accumulation 
method must employ

[[Page 1076]]

fuel for the entire service accumulation period which the vehicle is 
designed to use and which the Administrator determines will have the 
greatest impact upon the permeability of evaporative and fuel system 
components. The manufacturer must also provide information acceptable to 
the Administrator to indicate that the service accumulation method is of 
sufficient design, duration and severity to stabilize the permeability 
of all non-metallic fuel and evaporative system components to service 
accumulation fuel constituents.
    (v) A manufacturer may use other methods, based upon good 
engineering judgment, to meet the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2) 
(iii) and (iv) of this section, as applicable. These methods must be 
approved in advance by the Administrator and meet the objectives of 
paragraphs (a)(2) (iii) and (iv) of this section, as applicable: to 
provide assurance that the permeability of all non-metallic fuel and 
evaporative system components will not lead to evaporative emission 
standard exceedance under sustained exposure to commercially available 
alcohol-containing fuels for the useful life of the vehicle.
    (b) Vehicle/component selection method. The manufacturer shall 
determine a vehicle and component selection procedure which results in 
representative test vehicles and reflects good engineering judgment.
    (c) The manufacturer shall calculate a deterioration factor which is 
applied to the evaporative emission results of the emission data 
vehicles. The deterioration factor shall be based on a linear 
regression, or an other regression technique approved in advance by the 
Administrator. The DF will be calculated to be the difference between 
the full life mileage evaporative level minus the stabilized mileage 
(e.g., 4000-mile) evaporative level from the regression analysis. The DF 
and the full and stabilized mileage emission levels shall be rounded to 
two decimal places of accuracy in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using 
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 86.1(b)(1). 
Calculated DF values of less than zero shall be changed to zero for the 
purposes of this paragraph.
    (d) Emission component durability. The manufacturer shall use good 
engineering judgment to determine that all emission-related components 
are designed to operate properly for the full useful life of the 
vehicles in actual use.
    (e) In-use verification. The durability program must meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.1845-01.
    (f) Information obtained under Secs. 86.1845-01, 86.1846-01, 
86.1847-01 or from other sources shall be used by the manufacturer in 
developing new durability processes and/or updating existing durability 
processes using good engineering judgment.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6863, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1825-01  Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.

    This section applies to light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and 
heavy-duty vehicles which are certified under light-duty rules as 
allowed under the provisions of Sec. 86.1801-01(c)(1) which are subject 
to refueling loss emission compliance. Refer to the provisions of 
Secs. 86.1811, 86.1812, 86.1813, 86.1814, and 86.1815 to determine 
applicability of the refueling standards to different classes of 
vehicles for various model years. Diesel fuel vehicles may qualify for 
an exemption to the requirements of this section under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1810. The manufacturer shall determine a durability process that 
will predict the expected refueling emission deterioration of candidate 
in-use vehicles over their full useful life. The manufacturer shall use 
good engineering judgment in determining this process.
    (a) Service accumulation method. (1) The manufacturer shall develop 
a service accumulation method designed to effectively predict the 
deterioration of candidate in-use vehicles' refueling loss emissions in 
actual use over its full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good 
engineering judgement in developing this method.
    (2) The manufacturers may develop a service accumulation methods 
based upon whole-vehicle full-mileage accumulation, whole vehicle 
accelerated mileage accumulation (e.g., where

[[Page 1077]]

40,000 miles on a severe mileage accumulation cycle is equivalent to 
100,000 miles of normal in-use driving), bench aging of individual 
components or systems, or other approaches approved by the 
Administrator.
    (i) For whole vehicle mileage accumulation programs, all emission 
control components and systems (including both hardware and software) 
must be installed and operating for the entire mileage accumulation 
period.
    (ii) Bench procedures shall simulate the aging of components or 
systems over the applicable useful life and shall simulate driving 
patterns and vehicle operational environments found in actual use. For 
this purpose, manufacturers may remove the emission-related components 
(and other components), in whole or in part, from the durability vehicle 
itself and deteriorate them independently. Vehicle testing for the 
purpose of determining deterioration factors may include the testing of 
durability vehicles that incorporate such bench-aged components.
    (b) Vehicle/component selection method. The manufacturer shall 
determine a vehicle and component selection procedure which results in 
representative test vehicles and reflects good engineering judgment.
    (c) The manufacturer shall calculate a deterioration factor which is 
applied to the refueling emission results of the emission data vehicles. 
The deterioration factor shall be based on a linear regression, or an 
other regression technique approved in advance by the Administrator. The 
DF will be calculated to be the difference between the full life mileage 
refueling loss emission level minus the stabilized mileage (e.g., 4000-
mile) refueling loss emission level from the regression analysis. The DF 
and the full and stabilized mileage emission levels shall be rounded to 
two decimal places of accuracy in accordance with the Rounding-Off 
Method specified in ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using 
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 86.1(b)(1). 
Calculated DF values of less than zero shall be changed to zero for the 
purposes of this paragraph.
    (d) The durability process described in paragraph (a) of this 
section must be described in the application for certification under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.1844-01.
    (e) Emission component durability. The manufacturer shall use good 
engineering judgment to determine that all emission-related components 
are designed to operate properly for the full useful life of the 
vehicles in actual use.
    (f) In-use verification. The durability program must meet the 
requirements of Sec. 86.1845-01.
    (g) Information obtained under Secs. 86.1845-01, 86.1846-01, 
86.1847-01 or from other sources shall be used by the manufacturer in 
developing new durability processes and/or updating existing durability 
processes using good engineering judgment.



Sec. 86.1826-01  Assigned deterioration factors for small volume manufacturers and small volume test groups.

    (a) Applicability. This program is an option available to small 
volume manufacturers certified under the small volume manufacturer 
provisions of Sec. 86.1838-01(b)(1) and small volume test groups 
certified under the small volume test group provisions of Sec. 86.1838-
01(b)(2). Manufacturers may elect to use these procedures in lieu of the 
requirements of Secs. 86.1823-01, 86.1824-01, and 86.1825-01 of this 
subpart.
    (b) Determination of deterioration factors. No service accumulation 
method or vehicle/component selection method is required. Deterioration 
factors for all types of regulated emissions are determined using the 
provisions in this paragraph. A separate assigned deterioration factor 
is required for each durability group. Manufacturers shall use good 
engineering judgment in determining deterioration factors.
    (1) Manufacturers with aggregated sales of less than 301 motor 
vehicles and motor vehicle engines per year (determined under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.1838-01(b)) may use assigned deterioration factors 
that the Administrator determines and prescribes.
    (i) The deterioration factors will be the Administrator's estimate, 
periodically updated and published in a guidance document or advisory 
circular, of

[[Page 1078]]

the 70th percentile deterioration factors calculated using the industry-
wide data base of previously completed durability data vehicles or 
engines used for certification.
    (ii) If there is insufficient deterioration information to calculate 
an appropriate industry-wide deterioration factor (for example: a new 
engine technology coupled with a proven emission control system), the 
Administrator may, at his/her discretion, use alternative methods to 
develop a deterioration factor.
    (2) Manufacturers with aggregated sales from and including 301 
through 14,999 motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines per year 
(determined under the provisions of Sec. 86.1838-01(b)) certifying 
light-duty vehicle or trucks on vehicles equipped with proven emission 
control systems shall conform to the following provisions:
    (i) Manufacturers shall use assigned deterioration factors that the 
manufacturer determines based on its good engineering judgment.
    (A) The manufacturer may not use deterioration factors less than 
either the average or 70th percentile of all of that manufacturer's 
deterioration factor data, whichever is less. These minimum 
deterioration factors shall be calculated according to procedures in 
paragraph (b)(2)(ii), of this section.
    (B) If the manufacturer does not have at least two data points to 
calculate these manufacturer specific average deterioration factors, 
then the deterioration factors shall be no less than the EPA supplied 
industry-wide deterioration factors.
    (C) If there is insufficient deterioration information to calculate 
an appropriate industry-wide deterioration factor (for example, a new 
engine technology coupled with a proven emission control system), the 
Administrator may, at his/her discretion, use alternative methods to 
develop a deterioration factor.
    (ii) The manufacturer's minimum deterioration factors shall be 
calculated using the deterioration factors from all durability groups, 
within the same vehicle/engine-fuel usage category (e.g., gasoline-
fueled light-duty vehicle, etc.) previously certified to the same 
emission standards.
    (A) The manufacturer shall use only deterioration factors from 
durability groups whose test groups were previously certified by the 
manufacturer and the deterioration factors shall not be included in the 
calculation more than once.
    (B) The deterioration factors for each pollutant shall be calculated 
separately.
    (C) The manufacturer may, at its option, limit the deterioration 
factors used in the calculation of the manufacturer's minimum 
deterioration factors to those from all similar emission control systems 
to the system being certified if sufficient data (i.e., from at least 
two certified systems) exists.
    (D) All data eligible to be grouped as similar emission control 
system data shall be used in calculating similar system deterioration 
factors.
    (E) Any deterioration factors used in calculating similar system 
deterioration factors shall not be included in calculating the 
manufacturer's minimum deterioration factors used to certify any of the 
manufacturer's remaining vehicle systems.
    (3) Manufacturers with aggregated sales from 301 through 14,999 
motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines and certifying light-duty 
vehicle exhaust emissions from vehicles equipped with unproven emission 
control systems shall conform to the following provisions:
    (i) The manufacturer shall use deterioration factors that the 
manufacturer determines from official certification durability data 
generated by vehicles from durability groups representing a minimum of 
25 percent of the manufacturer's sales equipped with unproven emission 
control systems.
    (ii) The sales projections are to be based on total sales projected 
for each test group.
    (iii) The durability data vehicle mileage accumulation and emission 
tests are to be conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.1831-01.
    (iv) The manufacturer must develop either deterioration factors or 
aged components to use on EDV testing by generating durability data in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1823-01, 86.1824-01, and/or 86.1825-01 on a 
minimum of 25 percent of the manufacturer's projected sales

[[Page 1079]]

(based on durability groups) that is equipped with unproven emission 
control systems.
    (v) The manufacturer must complete the 25 percent durability 
requirement before the remainder of the manufacturer's sales equipped 
with unproven emission control systems is certified using manufacturer-
determined assigned deterioration factors.
    (c) Emission component durability. The manufacturer shall use good 
engineering judgment to determine that all emission-related components 
are designed to operate properly for the useful life of the vehicles in 
actual use (or alternative intervals as permitted in Sec. 86.1805-01).



Sec. 86.1827-01  Test group determination.

    This section applies to the grouping of vehicles into test groups 
within a durability group. The vehicles covered by an application within 
a durability group shall be divided into test groups based on the 
following criteria. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment 
in grouping vehicles into test groups.
    (a) To be included in the same test group, vehicles must be 
identical in all following respects:
    (1) Durability group;
    (2) Engine displacement (within a total band width of 15 percent of 
the largest displacement or 50 CID, whichever is larger);
    (3) Number of cylinders or combustion chambers;
    (4) Arrangement of cylinders or combustion chambers (e.g. in-line, 
v-shaped);
    (5) Subject to the same emission standards. Light-duty trucks which 
are subject to the same emission standards as light-duty vehicles with 
the exception of the light-duty truck idle CO standard and/or total HC 
standard may be included in the same test group.
    (b) Where vehicles are of a type which cannot be divided into test 
groups based on the criteria listed above (such as non-cylinder 
engines), the Administrator will establish test groups for those 
vehicles based upon the features most related to their exhaust emission 
characteristics.
    (c) Manufacturers may further divide groups determined under 
paragraph (a) of this section providing the Administrator is notified in 
advance of any such changes in writing.
    (d) Manufacturers may request the Administrator's approval to 
combine vehicles into a single test group which would normally not be 
eligible to be in a single test group. The petition should provide:
    (1) Substantial evidence that all the vehicles in the larger 
grouping will have the similar levels of emissions;
    (2) Evidence of equivalent component durability over the vehicle's 
useful life; and
    (3) Evidence that the groups will result in sufficient in-use 
verification program data, appropriate tracking in use, and clear 
liability for the Agency's recall program.
    (e) Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, a manufacturer 
of hybrid electric vehicles must create separate test groups based on 
both the type of battery technology employed by the HEV and upon 
features most related to their exhaust emission characteristics.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6864, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1828-01  Emission data vehicle selection.

    (a) FTP and SFTP testing. Within each test group, the vehicle 
configuration shall be selected which is expected to be worst-case for 
exhaust emission compliance on candidate in-use vehicles, considering 
all exhaust emission constituents, all exhaust test procedures, and the 
potential impact of air conditioning on test results. The selected 
vehicle will include an air conditioning engine code unless the worst-
case vehicle configuration selected is not available with air 
conditioning. This vehicle configuration will be used as the EDV 
calibration.
    (b) Evaporative/Refueling testing. Vehicles of each evaporative/
refueling family will be divided into evaporative/refueling emission 
control systems.
    (1) The vehicle configuration expected to exhibit the highest 
evaporative and/or refueling emission on candidate in-use vehicles shall 
be selected for each evaporative/refueling family and evaporative 
refueling emission system combination from among the corresponding 
vehicles selected for

[[Page 1080]]

FTP and SFTP testing under paragraph (a) of this section. Separate 
vehicles may be selected to be tested for evaporative and refueling 
testing.
    (2) Each test group must be represented by both evaporative and 
refueling testing (provided that the refueling standards are applicable) 
before it may be certified. That required testing may have been 
conducted on a vehicle in another test group provided the tested vehicle 
is a member of the same evaporative/refueling family and evaporative/
refueling emission system combination and it was selected for testing in 
accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (3) For evaporative/refueling emission testing, the vehicle(s) 
selected shall be equipped with the worst-case evaporative/refueling 
emission hardware available on that vehicle considering such items as 
canister size and material, fuel tank size and material, purge strategy 
and flow rates, refueling characteristics, and amount of vapor 
generation.
    (c) Cold CO testing. For cold temperature CO exhaust emission 
compliance for each durability group, the vehicle expected to emit the 
highest CO emissions at 20 degrees F on candidate in-use vehicles shall 
be selected from the test vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 
(a) of this section.
    (d) Certification Short Test testing. For CST exhaust emission 
compliance for each durability group, the vehicle expected to emit the 
highest CST emissions on candidate in-use vehicles shall be selected 
from the vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph (a) of this 
section. The manufacturer may elect to submit a compliance statement in 
lieu of test data under the provisions of Sec. 86.1829-01.
    (e) The manufacturer may select, using good engineering judgement, 
an equivalent or worst-case configuration in lieu of testing the vehicle 
selected in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section. Carryover data 
satisfying the provisions of Sec. 86.1839-01 may also be used in lieu of 
testing the configuration selected in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this 
section.
    (f) The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in making 
selections of vehicles under this section.



Sec. 86.1829-01  Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers.

    (a) Durability demonstration. (1) One durability demonstration is 
required for each durability group.
    (2) The configuration of the DDV is determined according to the 
provisions of Sec. 86.1822-01.
    (3) The DDV shall be tested and accumulate service mileage according 
to the provisions of Secs. 86.1831-01, 86.1823-01, 86.1824-01 and 
86.1825-01. Small volume manufacturers and small volume test groups may 
optionally meet the requirements of Sec. 86.1838-01.
    (b) Emissions demonstration--(1) FTP and SFTP Exhaust Testing--(i) 
Testing at low altitude. One EDV shall be tested in each test group for 
exhaust emissions using the FTP and SFTP test procedures of subpart B of 
this part. The configuration of the EDV will be determined under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.1828-01 of this subpart.
    (ii) Testing at high altitude. For high-altitude exhaust emission 
compliance for each test group, the manufacturer shall follow one of the 
following two procedures:
    (A) One EDV shall be tested in each test group for exhaust emissions 
using the FTP test procedures of subpart B of this part. The 
configuration of the EDV will be determined under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1828-01; or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to the provisions of 
paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(A) of this section, a manufacturer may provide a 
statement in its application for certification that, based on the 
manufacturer's engineering evaluation of appropriate high-altitude 
emission testing, all light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks comply 
with the emission standards at high altitude.
    (iii) Data submittal waivers. (A) In lieu of testing a methanol-
fueled diesel-cycle light truck for particulate emissions a manufacturer 
may provide a statement in its application for certification that such 
light trucks comply with the applicable standards. Such a statement 
shall be based on previous emission tests, development tests, or other 
appropriate information.
    (B) In lieu of testing a gasoline-fueled or methanol-fueled Otto-
cycle certification light-duty vehicle or

[[Page 1081]]

light-duty trucks for particulate emissions a manufacturer may provide a 
statement in its application for certification that such vehicles comply 
with the applicable standards. Such a statement shall be based on 
previous emission tests, development tests, or other appropriate 
information.
    (C) A manufacturer may petition the Administrator for a waiver of 
the requirement to submit total hydrocarbon emission data. If the waiver 
is granted, then in lieu of testing a certification light-duty vehicle 
or light-duty truck for total hydrocarbon emissions the manufacturer may 
provide a statement in its application for certification that such 
vehicles comply with the applicable standards. Such a statement shall be 
based on previous emission tests, development tests, or other 
appropriate information.
    (D) A manufacturer may petition the Administrator to waive the 
requirement to measure particulate emissions when conducting Selective 
Enforcement Audit testing of Otto-cycle vehicles.
    (E) In lieu of testing a gasoline or diesel fueled Tier 2 or interim 
non-Tier 2 vehicle for formaldehyde emissions when such vehicles are 
certified based upon NMHC emissions, a manufacturer may provide a 
statement in its application for certification that such vehicles comply 
with the applicable standards. Such a statement must be based on 
previous emission tests, development tests, or other appropriate 
information.
    (2) Evaporative/Refueling testing. Vehicles of each evaporative/
refueling family will be divided into evaporative/refueling emission 
control systems. Applicability of the refueling test requirements of 
this paragraph shall be determined in accordance with the applicability 
of the refueling loss standards under the provisions of Sec. 86.1810.
    (i) Testing at low altitude. One EDV in each evaporative/refueling 
family and evaporative/refueling emission control system combination 
shall be tested in accordance with the evaporative/refueling test 
procedure requirement of subpart B of this part. The configuration of 
the EDV will be determined under the provisions of Sec. 86.1828-01. The 
EDV must also be tested for exhaust emission compliance using the FTP 
and SFTP procedures of subpart B of this part.
    (ii) Testing at high altitude. For high-altitude evaporative and/or 
refueling emission compliance for each evaporative/refueling family, the 
manufacturer shall follow one of the following two procedures:
    (A) One EDV in each evaporative/refueling family and evaporative/
refueling emission control system combination shall be tested in 
accordance with the evaporative/refueling test procedure requirement of 
subpart B of this part. The configuration of the EDV will be determined 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.1824-01. The EDV must also be tested for 
exhaust emissions using the FTP procedures of subpart B of this part 
while operated at high altitude; or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to the provisions of 
paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(A) of this section, a manufacturer may provide a 
statement in its application for certification that, based on the 
manufacturer's engineering evaluation of such high-altitude emission 
testing as the manufacturer deems appropriate, all light-duty vehicles 
and light-duty trucks comply with the emission standards at high 
altitude.
    (3) Cold CO Testing. One EDV in each durability group shall be 
tested for cold temperature CO exhaust emission compliance in accordance 
with the test procedures in subpart C of this part or with alternative 
procedures requested by the manufacturer and approved in advance by the 
Administrator. The selection of which EDV and test group within the 
durability group will be tested for cold CO compliance will be 
determined under the provisions of Sec. 86.1828-01(c).
    (4) Certification Short Test testing. (i) To determine CST emission 
compliance for each durability group, the manufacturer shall follow one 
of the following two procedures:
    (A) One EDV in each durability group shall be tested in accordance 
with the CST procedures set forth in subpart O of this part. The 
configuration of the EDV will be determined under the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1828-01(d). The EDV must also be tested for exhaust emissions

[[Page 1082]]

using the FTP and SFTP procedures of subpart B of this part; or
    (B) In lieu of testing vehicles according to the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1829-01(b)(4)(i)(A), a manufacturer may provide a statement in 
its application for certification that, based on the manufacturer's 
engineering evaluation of such CST testing as the manufacturer deems 
appropriate, all light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks comply with 
the CST emission standards.
    (ii) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a manufacturer 
with a test group that cannot be appropriately tested on all 
Certification Short Test emission test procedures described in 
Sec. 86.1439 may request an exemption, as described in Sec. 86.1427(d), 
from the inappropriate test(s) for purposes of demonstrating compliance 
with the Certification Short Test as described in subpart O of this 
part.
    (iii) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, a manufacturer 
with a test group that can be appropriately tested on none of the 
Certification Short Test emission test procedures described in 
Sec. 86.1439 may request an alternative procedure as described in 
Sec. 86.1427(d).
    (5) Idle CO Testing. To determine idle CO emission compliance for 
light-duty trucks, the manufacturer shall follow one of the following 
two procedures:
    (i) For test groups containing light-duty trucks, each EDV shall be 
tested in accordance with the idle CO testing procedures of subpart B of 
this part; or
    (ii) In lieu of testing light trucks for idle CO emissions, a 
manufacturer may provide a statement in its application for 
certification that, based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation 
of such idle CO testing as the manufacturer deems appropriate, all 
light-duty trucks comply with the idle CO emission standards.
    (c) Running change testing. Running change testing shall be 
conducted as required under the provisions of Sec. 86.1842-01.
    (d)(1) Beginning in the 2004 model year, the exhaust emissions must 
be measured from all LDV/T exhaust emission data vehicles tested in 
accordance with the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET; 40 CFR 
part 600, subpart B). The oxides of nitrogen emissions measured during 
such tests must be multiplied by the oxides of nitrogen deterioration 
factor computed in accordance with Sec. 86.1823-01 and subsequent model 
year provisions, and then rounded and compared with the applicable 
emission standard in Sec. 86.1811-04. All data obtained from the testing 
required under this paragraph (d) must be reported in accordance with 
the procedures for reporting other exhaust emission data required under 
this subpart.
    (2) In the event that one or more emission data vehicles fail the 
applicable HWFET standard in Sec. 86.1811-04, the manufacturer may 
submit to the Administrator engineering data or other evidence showing 
that the system is capable of complying with the standard. If the 
Administrator finds, on the basis of an engineering evaluation, that the 
system can comply with the HWFET standard, he or she may accept the 
information supplied by the manufacturer in lieu of the test data.
    (3) The provisions of paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section 
do not apply to MDPVs.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6864, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1830-01  Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.

    (a) General test vehicle requirements. (1) All test vehicles shall 
be tested in the proper configurations as specified in Secs. 86.1822-01, 
86.1828-01, or 86.1842-01, as applicable for the type of test conducted.
    (2) Components affecting emissions which are used to build test 
vehicles shall either be randomly selected production parts or parts 
verified to be in the middle 50 percent of the tolerance range. The 
manufacturer will determine which components affect emissions using good 
engineering judgment.
    (3) Test vehicles must have air conditioning installed and 
operational if that configuration is available with air conditioning. 
Optional equipment must be installed or represented on test vehicles 
according to the provisions of Sec. 86.1832-01.
    (4) Test vehicles must receive proper scheduled maintenance as 
established by the manufacturer according to the

[[Page 1083]]

provisions of Sec. 86.1834-01(b) or (c). Unscheduled maintenance must be 
approved under the provisions of Sec. 86.1834-01(d).
    (5) Vehicle mileage shall be accumulated in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1831-01.
    (6) The road load forces and equivalent test weight used during 
testing will be determined according to the provisions of Sec. 86.129-
00.
    (7) Test vehicles shall have the appropriate emission testing 
hardware installed (e.g., exhaust pipe testing flange, fuel tank drain, 
access ports to evaporative canisters, and fuel tank heat blanket) and 
shall have tires with appropriate tire wear.
    (b) Special provisions for durability data vehicles. (1) For DDV's, 
the mileage at all test points shall be within 250 miles of the 
scheduled mileage point as required under Sec. 86.1823-01(b). 
Manufacturers may exceed the 250 mile upper limit if there are 
logistical reasons for the deviation and the manufacturer determines 
that the deviation will not affect the representativeness of the 
durability demonstration.
    (2) For DDV's, except as allowed under the bench testing provisions 
of Sec. 86.1823-01, all emission-related hardware and software must be 
installed and operational during all mileage accumulation after the 
5000-mile test point.
    (3) DDV's may be reconfigured before the 5000-mile test point 
providing that the representativeness of the emission results will not 
be affected. Manufacturers shall use good engineering judgment in making 
such determinations.
    (c) Special provisions for emission data vehicles. (1) All EDV's 
shall have at least the minimum number of miles accumulated to achieve 
stabilized emission results according to the provisions of Sec. 86.1831-
01(c)(4).
    (2) Within a durability group, the manufacturer may alter any 
emission data vehicle (or other vehicles such as current or previous 
model year emission data vehicles, running change vehicles, fuel economy 
data vehicles, and development vehicles) in lieu of building a new test 
vehicle providing that the modification will not impact the 
representativeness of the vehicle's test results. Manufacturers shall 
use good engineering judgment in making such determinations. Development 
vehicles which were used to develop the calibration selected for 
emission data testing may not be used as the EDV for that configuration. 
Vehicles from outside the durability group may be altered with advance 
approval of the Administrator.
    (3) Components used to reconfigure EDV's under the provisions of 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section shall be appropriately aged if 
necessary to achieve representative emission results. Manufacturers 
shall determine the need for component aging and the type and amount of 
aging required using good engineering judgment.
    (4) Bench-aged hardware may be installed on an EDV for emission 
testing as a method of determining certification levels (projected 
emission levels at full or intermediate useful life) using bench aging 
procedures approved under the provisions of Sec. 86.1823-01.



Sec. 86.1831-01  Mileage accumulation requirements for test vehicles.

    (a) Durability Data Vehicles. (1) The manufacturer shall accumulate 
mileage on DDV's using the procedures which have been approved under the 
provisions of Sec. 86.1823-01(a)(1).
    (2) All tests required by this subpart on durability data vehicles 
shall be conducted within 250 miles of each of the nominal test point 
mileage. This 250 mile test point mileage tolerance may be 
modified with the advance approval of the Administrator if the basis for 
the written request is to prevent an interruption of durability mileage 
accumulation due to test scheduling conflicts for weekends, holidays, or 
other similar circumstances.
    (b) Emission data vehicles and running change vehicles. (1) The 
standard method of service accumulation for emission data vehicles and 
running change vehicles shall be mileage accumulation using the 
Durability Driving Schedule as specified in Appendix IV to this part.
    (2) The manufacturer may use an alternative mileage accumulation 
method providing the form and extent of the service accumulation 
represents normal driving patterns for that vehicle, the method is 
consistent with good engineering judgment, and the method is

[[Page 1084]]

described in the application for certification.
    (3) Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, all 
vehicles will accumulate mileage at a measured curb weight which is 
within 100 pounds of the estimated curb weight. If the loaded vehicle 
weight is within 100 pounds of being included in the next higher inertia 
weight class as specified in Sec. 86.129, the manufacturer may elect to 
conduct the respective emission tests at higher loaded vehicle weight.
    (c) The manufacturer shall determine the mileage at which the 
emission control system and engine combination is stabilized for 
emission-data testing. The manufacturer shall provide to the 
Administrator if requested, a record of the analysis used in making this 
determination. The manufacturer may elect to accumulate 2,000 miles 
(3,219 kilometers) or more on each test vehicle without making a 
determination. The manufacturer must accumulate a minimum of 1,000 miles 
(1,608 kilometers) on each emission data vehicle.
    (d) All test vehicle mileage must be accurately determined, 
recorded, and reported to the Administrator upon request.



Sec. 86.1832-01  Optional equipment and air conditioning for test vehicles.

    For test vehicles selected under Secs. 86.1822-01 and 86.1828-01:
    (a)(1) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a car line, 
within a test group, will be equipped with an item (whether that item is 
standard equipment or an option), the full estimated weight of that item 
must be included in the curb weight computation for each vehicle 
available with that item in that car line, within that test group.
    (2) Where it is expected that 33 percent or less of the car line, 
within a test group, will be equipped with an item (whether that item is 
standard equipment or an option), no weight for that item will be added 
in computing the curb weight for any vehicle in that car line, within 
that test group, unless that item is standard equipment on the vehicle.
    (3) In the case of mutually exclusive options, only the weight of 
the heavier option will be added in computing the curb weight.
    (4) Optional equipment weighing less than three pounds per item need 
not be considered.
    (b)(1) Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of a car line, 
within a test group, will be equipped with an item (whether that item is 
standard equipment or an option) that can reasonably be expected to 
influence emissions, then such items must actually be installed (unless 
excluded under paragraph (b)(2) of this section) on all emission data 
and durability data vehicles of that car line, within that test group, 
on which the items are intended to be offered in production. Items that 
can reasonably be expected to influence emissions include, but are not 
limited to: air conditioning, power steering, and power brakes.
    (2) If the manufacturer determines by test data or engineering 
evaluation that the actual installation of the optional equipment 
required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section does not affect the 
emissions or fuel economy values, the optional equipment need not be 
installed on the test vehicle.
    (3) The weight of the options must be included in the design curb 
weight and must also be represented in the weight of the test vehicles.
    (4) The engineering evaluation, including any test data, used to 
support the deletion of optional equipment from test vehicles, shall be 
maintained by the manufacturer and be made available to the Agency upon 
request by the Administrator within 15 business days.
    (c) Except for air conditioning, where it is expected that 33 
percent or less of a car line, within a test group, will be equipped 
with an item (whether that item is standard equipment or an option) that 
can reasonably be expected to influence emissions, that item may not be 
installed on any emission data vehicle or durability data vehicle of 
that car line within that test group, unless that item is standard 
equipment on that vehicle or specifically required by the Administrator.
    (d) Air conditioning must be installed and operational on any 
emission data vehicle of any vehicle configuration that is projected to 
be available with

[[Page 1085]]

air conditioning regardless of the rate of installation of air 
conditioning within the car line. Paragraphs (a) through (c) of this 
section will be used to determine whether the weight of the air 
conditioner will be included in the equivalent test weight calculations 
for emission testing.



Sec. 86.1833-01  Adjustable parameters.

    (a) At the time that emission data vehicles are selected for the 
test fleet, a determination shall be made of those vehicle or engine 
parameters which will be subject to adjustment for certification, 
Selective Enforcement Audit and Production Compliance Audit testing, the 
adequacy of the limits, stops, seals, or other means used to inhibit 
adjustment, and the resulting physically adjustable ranges for each such 
parameter. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in 
making such determinations and shall notify the Administrator of its 
determinations prior to emission data vehicle testing for the affected 
test groups (preferably at an annual preview meeting scheduled before 
the manufacturer begins certification activities for the model year).
    (1) Determining parameters subject to adjustment. (i) The following 
parameters may be subject to adjustment: the idle fuel-air mixture 
parameter on Otto-cycle vehicles; the choke valve action parameter(s) on 
carbureted, Otto-cycle vehicles (or engines); or any parameter on any 
vehicle (Otto-cycle or diesel) which is physically capable of being 
adjusted, may significantly affect emissions, and was not present on the 
manufacturer's vehicles (or engines) in the previous model year in the 
same form and function.
    (ii) Any other parameters on any vehicle or engine which are 
physically capable of being adjusted and which may significantly affect 
emissions may be determined to be subject to adjustment. However, the 
Administrator may do so only if he/she has previously notified the 
manufacturer that he/she might do so and has found, at the time he/she 
gave this notice, that the intervening period would be adequate to 
permit the development and application of the requisite technology, 
giving appropriate consideration to the cost of compliance within such 
period. In no event will this notification be given later than September 
1 of the calendar year two years prior to the model year.
    (iii) In determining the parameters subject to adjustment, the 
following shall be taken into consideration: the likelihood that, for 
each of the parameters listed in paragraphs (e)(1) (i) and (ii) of this 
section, settings other than the manufacturer's recommended setting will 
occur on in-use vehicles (or engines). In determining likelihood, such 
factors may be considered as information contained in the preliminary 
application, surveillance information from similar in-use vehicles, the 
difficulty and cost of gaining access to an adjustment, damage to the 
vehicle if an attempt is made to gain such access and the need to 
replace parts following such attempt, and the effect of settings other 
than the manufacturer's recommended setting on vehicle performance 
characteristics including emission characteristics.
    (2)(i) A parameter may be determined to be adequately inaccessible 
or sealed if:
    (A) In the case of an idle mixture screw, the screw is recessed 
within the carburetor casting and sealed with lead, thermosetting 
plastic, or an inverted elliptical spacer or sheared off after 
adjustment at the factory, and the inaccessibility is such that the 
screw cannot be accessed and/or adjusted with simple tools in one-half 
hour or for $20 (1978 dollars) or less;
    (B) In the case of a choke bimetal spring, the plate covering the 
bimetal spring is riveted or welded in place, or held in place with 
nonreversible screws;
    (C) In the case of a parameter which may be adjusted by elongating 
or bending adjustable members (e.g., the choke vacuum break), the 
elongation of the adjustable member is limited by design or, in the case 
of a bendable member, the member is constructed of a material which when 
bent would return to its original shape after the force is removed 
(plastic or spring steel materials);
    (D) In the case of any parameter, the manufacturer demonstrates that 
adjusting the parameter to settings other than the manufacturer's 
recommended

[[Page 1086]]

setting takes more than one-half hour or costs more than $20 (1978 
dollars).
    (ii) A physical limit or stop shall be determined to be an adequate 
restraint on adjustability if:
    (A) In the case of a threaded adjustment, the threads are 
terminated, pinned, or crimped so as to prevent additional travel 
without breakage or need for repairs which take more than one-half hour 
or cost more than $20 (1978 dollars);
    (B) The adjustment is ineffective at the end of the limits of travel 
regardless of additional forces or torques applied to the adjustment;
    (C) The manufacturer demonstrates that travel or rotation limits 
cannot be exceeded with the use of simple and inexpensive tools 
(screwdriver, pliers, open-end or box wrenches, etc.) without incurring 
significant and costly damage to the vehicle or control system or 
without taking more than one-half hour or costing more than $20 (1978 
dollars).
    (iii) If manufacturer service manuals or bulletins describe routine 
procedures for gaining access to a parameter or for removing or 
exceeding a physical limit, stop, seal or other means used to inhibit 
adjustment, or if surveillance data indicate that gaining access, 
removing, or exceeding is likely, paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this 
section shall not apply for that parameter.
    (iv) In determining the adequacy of a physical limit, stop, seal, or 
other means used to inhibit adjustment of a parameter not covered by 
paragraph (a)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section, the following shall be 
considered: the likelihood that it will be circumvented, removed, or 
exceeded on in-use vehicles. In determining likelihood, such factors may 
be considered as, but not limited to, information contained in the 
preliminary application; surveillance information from similar in-use 
vehicles; the difficulty and cost of circumventing, removing, or 
exceeding the limit, stop, seal, or other means; damage to the vehicle 
if an attempt is made to circumvent, remove, or exceed it and the need 
to replace parts following such attempt; and the effect of settings 
beyond the limit, stop, seal, or other means on vehicle performance 
characteristics other than emission characteristics.
    (v) In the case of electronic components on circuit boards (such as 
onboard computers) the board is covered with a epoxy resin which 
inhibits the access to components on the board (commonly referred to as 
potting).
    (3) Two physically adjustable ranges shall be determined for each 
parameter subject to adjustment:
    (i)(A) In the case of a parameter determined to be adequately 
inaccessible or sealed, the following may be included within the 
physically adjustable range applicable to testing under this subpart: 
all settings within the production tolerance associated with the nominal 
setting for that parameter, as specified by the manufacturer in the 
application for certification or other information; or
    (B) In the case of other parameters, all settings within physical 
limits or stops determined to be adequate restraints on adjustability 
shall be included within this range. The production tolerances on the 
location of these limits or stops may be included when determining the 
physically adjustable range.
    (ii)(A) In the case of a parameter determined to be adequately 
inaccessible or sealed, only the actual settings to which the parameter 
is adjusted during production shall be included within the physically 
adjustable range applicable to testing under subparts G or K (Selective 
Enforcement Audit and Production Compliance Audit) of this part; or
    (B) In the case of other parameters, all settings within physical 
limits or stops determined to be adequate restraints on adjustability, 
as they are actually located on the test vehicle, shall be included 
within the range.
    (b) In lieu of making the determinations required in paragraph (a) 
of this section, the manufacturer may request a determination be made by 
the Administrator prior to emission testing. In that case, all the 
information discussed in paragraph (a) of this section shall be provided 
to the Administrator. The Administrator will respond within 90 days 
(excluding the elapsed time during which additional information 
requested by the Administrator is being gathered by the manufacturer)

[[Page 1087]]

following the receipt of the request for determination.
    (c) If the Administrator determines that the decisions made by the 
manufacturer under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section were 
not made using good engineering judgment, the Administrator will 
overrule the manufacturers' decisions and conduct testing for 
Certification, Selective Enforcement Audit and/or Production Compliance 
Audit purposes by adjusting parameters according to his/her 
determination of those vehicle or engine parameters subject to 
adjustment, the adequacy of the limits, stops, seals, or other means 
used to inhibit adjustment, and the resulting physically adjustable 
ranges for each such parameter. Furthermore, the Administrator may 
reject testing performed by the manufacturer which failed to follow his/
her determinations.
    (d) Within 30 days following receipt of notification of the 
Administrator's determinations made under paragraph (b) or (c) of this 
section, the manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determinations. The request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized 
representative of the manufacturer, and shall include a statement 
specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's 
determinations, and data in support of such objections. If, after review 
of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the 
request raises a substantial factual issue, he shall provide the 
manufacturer a hearing in accordance with Sec. 86.1853-01 with respect 
to such issue.



Sec. 86.1834-01  Allowable maintenance.

    (a) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or 
components used to determine exhaust, evaporative or refueling emission 
deterioration factors, as appropriate, is classified as either emission-
related or non-emission-related and each of these can be classified as 
either scheduled or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related 
maintenance is also classified as critical emission-related maintenance.
    (b) This section specifies emission-related scheduled maintenance 
for purposes of obtaining durability data and for inclusion in 
maintenance instructions furnished to purchasers of new motor vehicles 
and under Sec. 86.1808-01.
    (1) All emission-related scheduled maintenance for purposes of 
obtaining durability data must occur at the same mileage intervals (or 
equivalent intervals if engines, subsystems, or components are used) 
that will be specified in the manufacturer's maintenance instructions 
furnished to the ultimate purchaser of the motor vehicle or engine under 
Sec. 86.1808-01. This maintenance schedule may be updated as necessary 
throughout the testing of the vehicle/engine, provided that no 
maintenance operation is deleted from the maintenance schedule after the 
operation has been performed on the test vehicle or engine.
    (2) Any emission-related maintenance which is performed on vehicles, 
engines, subsystems, or components must be technologically necessary to 
assure in-use compliance with the emission standards. Manufacturers 
shall determine the technological need for maintenance using good 
engineering judgment. The Administrator has determined that emission-
related maintenance at shorter intervals than those outlined in 
paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section is not technologically 
necessary to ensure in-use compliance. However, the Administrator may 
determine that maintenance even more restrictive (e.g., longer 
intervals) than that listed in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section 
is also not technologically necessary.
    (3) Emission-related maintenance in addition to, or at shorter 
intervals than, that listed in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (iv) of this 
section will not be accepted as technologically necessary, except as 
provided in paragraph (b)(6) of this section.
    (i) The cleaning or replacement of light-duty vehicle or light-duty 
truck spark plugs shall occur at 30,000 miles of use and at 30,000-mile 
intervals thereafter.
    (ii) The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of the 
following items shall occur at 50,000 miles of use and at 50,000-mile 
intervals thereafter:
    (A) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (B) Emission-related hoses and tubes.
    (C) Ignition wires.

[[Page 1088]]

    (D) Idle mixture.
    (iii) The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of the oxygen 
sensor shall occur at 80,000 miles (or 2,400 hours) of use and at 
80,000-mile (or 2,400-hour) intervals thereafter.
    (iv) The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of the 
following items shall occur at 100,000 miles of use and at 100,000-mile 
intervals thereafter:
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Fuel injectors.
    (D) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(except oxygen sensor) and actuators.
    (E) Evaporative and/or refueling emission canister(s).
    (F) Turbochargers.
    (G) Carburetors.
    (H) Superchargers.
    (I) EGR System including all related filters and control valves.
    (J) Mechanical fillpipe seals.
    (4) For diesel-cycle light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, 
emission-related maintenance in addition to, or at shorter intervals 
than the following will not be accepted as technologically necessary, 
except as provided in paragraph (b)(6) of this section:
    (i) The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of the positive 
crankcase ventilation valve shall occur at 50,000 miles of use and at 
50,000-mile intervals thereafter.
    (ii) The adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement shall occur at 
100,000 miles of use and at 100,000-mile intervals thereafter of the 
following items:
    (A) Fuel injectors.
    (B) Turbocharger.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors and 
actuators.
    (D) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system (including related 
components).
    (E) Exhaust gas recirculation system including all related filters 
and control valves.
    (F) Catalytic converter.
    (G) Superchargers.
    (5) Critical emission-related components. (i) The following 
components are defined as critical emission-related components:
    (A) Catalytic converter.
    (B) Air injection system components.
    (C) Electronic engine control unit and its associated sensors 
(including oxygen sensor if installed) and actuators.
    (D) Exhaust gas recirculation system (including all related filters 
and control valves).
    (E) Positive crankcase ventilation valve.
    (F) Evaporative and refueling emission control system components 
(excluding canister air filter).
    (G) Particulate trap or trap-oxidizer system.
    (ii) All critical emission-related scheduled maintenance must have a 
reasonable likelihood of being performed in use. The manufacturer shall 
be required to show the reasonable likelihood of such maintenance being 
performed in use, and such showing shall be made prior to the 
performance of the maintenance on the durability data vehicle. Critical 
emission-related scheduled maintenance items which satisfy one of the 
conditions defined in paragraphs (b)(5)(ii) (A) through (F) of this 
section will be accepted as having a reasonable likelihood of the 
maintenance item being performed in use.
    (A) Data are presented which establish for the Administrator a 
connection between emissions and vehicle performance such that as 
emissions increase due to lack of maintenance, vehicle performance will 
simultaneously deteriorate to a point unacceptable for typical driving.
    (B) Survey data are submitted which adequately demonstrate to the 
Administrator that, at an 80 percent confidence level, 80 percent of 
such engines already have this critical maintenance item performed in 
use at the recommended interval(s).
    (C) A clearly displayed visible signal system approved by the 
Administrator is installed to alert the vehicle driver that maintenance 
is due. A signal bearing the message ``maintenance needed'' or ``check 
engine,'' or a similar message approved by the Administrator, shall be 
actuated at the appropriate mileage point or by component failure. This 
signal must be continuous while the engine is in operation and not be 
easily eliminated without performance of the required maintenance. 
Resetting the signal shall be a required step in

[[Page 1089]]

the maintenance operation. The method for resetting the signal system 
shall be approved by the Administrator.
    (D) A manufacturer may desire to demonstrate through a survey that a 
critical maintenance item is likely to be performed without a visible 
signal on a maintenance item for which there is no prior in-use 
experience without the signal. To that end, the manufacturer may in a 
given model year market up to 200 randomly selected vehicles per 
critical emission-related maintenance item without such visible signals, 
and monitor the performance of the critical maintenance item by the 
owners to show compliance with paragraph (b)(5)(ii)(B) of this section. 
This option is restricted to two consecutive model years and may not be 
repeated until any previous survey has been completed. If the critical 
maintenance involves more than one test group, the sample will be sales 
weighted to ensure that it is representative of all the groups in 
question.
    (E) The manufacturer provides the maintenance free of charge, and 
clearly informs the customer that the maintenance is free in the 
instructions provided under Sec. 86.1808-01.
    (F) Any other method which the Administrator approves as 
establishing a reasonable likelihood that the critical maintenance will 
be performed in use.
    (iii) Visible signal systems used under paragraph (b)(5)(ii)(C) of 
this section are considered an element of design of the emission control 
system. Therefore, disabling, resetting, or otherwise rendering such 
signals inoperative without also performing the indicated maintenance 
procedure is a prohibited act under section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)).
    (6) Changes to scheduled maintenance. (i) For maintenance practices 
that existed prior to the 1980 model year, only the maintenance items 
listed in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section are currently 
considered by EPA to be emission-related. The Administrator may, 
however, determine additional scheduled maintenance items that existed 
prior to the 1980 model year to be emission-related by announcement in a 
Federal Register Notice. In no event may this notification occur later 
than September 1 of the calendar year two years prior to the affected 
model year.
    (ii) In the case of any new scheduled maintenance, the manufacturer 
must submit a request for approval to the Administrator for any 
maintenance that it wishes to recommend to purchasers and perform during 
durability determination. New scheduled maintenance is that maintenance 
which did not exist prior to the 1980 model year, including that which 
is a direct result of the implementation of new technology not found in 
production prior to the 1980 model year. The manufacturer must also 
include its recommendations as to the category (i.e., emission-related 
or non-emission-related, critical or non-critical) of the subject 
maintenance and, for suggested emission-related maintenance, the maximum 
feasible maintenance interval. Such requests must include detailed 
evidence supporting the need for the maintenance requested, and 
supporting data or other substantiation for the recommended maintenance 
category and for the interval suggested for emission-related 
maintenance. Requests for new scheduled maintenance must be approved 
prior to the introduction of the new maintenance. The Administrator will 
then designate the maintenance as emission-related or non-emission-
related. For maintenance items established as emission-related, the 
Administrator will further designate the maintenance as critical if the 
component which receives the maintenance is a critical component under 
paragraph (b)(5) of this section. For each maintenance item designated 
as emission-related, the Administrator will also establish a 
technologically necessary maintenance interval, based on industry data 
and any other information available to EPA. Designations of emission-
related maintenance items, along with their identification as critical 
or non-critical, and establishment of technologically necessary 
maintenance intervals, will be announced in the Federal Register.
    (iii) Any manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's 
determinations in paragraph (b)(6) of this section. The request shall be 
in writing and shall include a statement specifying the manufacturer's 
objections to

[[Page 1090]]

the Administrator's determinations, and data in support of such 
objections. If, after review of the request and supporting data, the 
Administrator finds that the request raises a substantial factual issue, 
he shall provide the manufacturer a hearing in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1853-01 with respect to such issue.
    (c) Non-emission-related scheduled maintenance which is reasonable 
and technologically necessary (e.g., oil change, oil filter change, fuel 
filter change, air filter change, cooling system maintenance, adjustment 
of idle speed, governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, injector lash, 
timing, adjustment of air pump drive belt tension, lubrication of the 
exhaust manifold heat control valve, lubrication of carburetor choke 
linkage, re-torquing carburetor mounting bolts, etc.) may be performed 
on durability data vehicles at the least frequent intervals recommended 
by the manufacturer to the ultimate purchaser, (e.g., not at the 
intervals recommended for severe service).
    (d) Unscheduled maintenance on light-duty durability data vehicles. 
(1) Unscheduled maintenance may be performed during the testing used to 
determine deterioration factors, except as provided in paragraphs (d)(2) 
and (3) of this section, only under the following provisions defined in 
paragraphs (d)(1) (i) through (iii) of this section:
    (i) A fuel injector or spark plug may be changed if a persistent 
misfire is detected.
    (ii) Readjustment of an Otto-cycle vehicle cold-start enrichment 
system may be performed if there is a problem of stalling.
    (iii) Readjustment of the engine idle speed (curb idle and fast 
idle) may be performed in addition to that performed as scheduled 
maintenance under paragraph (c) of this section if the idle speed 
exceeds the manufacturer's recommended idle speed by 300 rpm or more, or 
if there is a problem of stalling.
    (2) Any other unscheduled vehicle, emission control system, or fuel 
system adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or 
replacement during testing to determine deterioration factors shall be 
performed (using good engineering judgment) only in the following 
circumstances:
    (i) The part failure or system malfunction, or the repair of such 
failure or malfunction, does not render the vehicle or engine 
unrepresentative of vehicles or engines in use and does not require 
direct access to the combustion chamber, except for spark plug, fuel 
injection component, or removable prechamber removal or replacement.
    (ii) The need for maintenance or repairs is indicated by an overt 
indication of malfunction such as persistent misfiring, engine stalling, 
overheating, fluid leakage, loss of oil pressure, excessive fuel 
consumption, or excessive power loss. The Administrator shall be given 
the opportunity to verify the existence of an overt indication of part 
failure and/or vehicle/engine malfunction (e.g., misfiring, stalling, 
black smoke), or an activation of an audible and/or visible signal, 
prior to the performance of any maintenance to which such overt 
indication or signal is relevant under the provisions of this section.
    (iii) The OBD system of a durability data vehicle representing an 
test group certifying fully to the Federal OBD requirements as specified 
in Sec. 86.1806-01(a) through (h) has specifically detected the problem 
and has illuminated the malfunction indicator light.
    (3) Emission measurement may not be used as a means of determining 
the need for unscheduled maintenance under paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section, except under the following conditions:
    (i) The Administrator may approve unscheduled maintenance on 
durability data vehicles based upon a significant change in emission 
levels that indicates a vehicle or engine malfunction. In these cases 
the Administrator may first approve specific diagnostic procedures to 
identify the source of the problem. The Administrator may further 
approve of specific corrections to the problem after the problem has 
been identified. The Administrator may only approve the corrective 
action after it is determined that:
    (A) The malfunction was caused by nonproduction build practices or 
by a previously undetected design problem;

[[Page 1091]]

    (B) The malfunction will not occur in production vehicles or engines 
in use; and
    (C) The deterioration factor generated by the durability data 
vehicle or engine will remain unaffected by the malfunction or by the 
corrective action (e.g., the malfunction was present for only a short 
period of time before detection, replacement parts are functionally 
representative of the proper mileage or hours, etc.).
    (ii) Following any unscheduled maintenance approved under paragraph 
(d)(3)(i) of this section, the manufacturer shall perform an after-
maintenance emission test. If the Administrator determines that the 
after-maintenance emission levels for any pollutant indicates that the 
deterioration factor is no longer representative of production, the 
Administrator may disqualify the durability data vehicle or engine.
    (4) If a part failure or system malfunction occurrence and/or repair 
has rendered the vehicle/engine unrepresentative of vehicles in use, the 
vehicle/engine shall not be used for determining deterioration factors.
    (5) Repairs to vehicle components of a durability data vehicle other 
than the engine, emission control system, or fuel system, shall be 
performed only as a result of part failure, vehicle system malfunction, 
or with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (e) Maintenance on emission data vehicles and engines. (1) 
Adjustment of engine idle speed on emission data vehicles may be 
performed once before the low-mileage/low-hour emission test point. Any 
other engine, emission control system, or fuel system adjustment, 
repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement on emission data 
vehicles shall be performed only with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.
    (2) Repairs to vehicle components of an emission data vehicle other 
than the engine, emission control system, or fuel system, shall be 
performed only as a result of part failure, vehicle system malfunction, 
or with the advance approval of the Administrator.
    (f) Equipment, instruments, or tools may not be used to identify 
malfunctioning, maladjusted, or defective engine components unless the 
same or equivalent equipment, instruments, or tools will be available to 
dealerships and other service outlets and:
    (1) Are used in conjunction with scheduled maintenance on such 
components; or
    (2) Are used subsequent to the identification of a vehicle or engine 
malfunction, as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section for 
durability data vehicles or in paragraph (e)(1) of this section for 
emission data vehicles; or
    (3) Unless specifically authorized by the Administrator.
    (g) Complete emission tests (see Secs. 86.106-96 through 86.145-82) 
are required, unless waived by the Administrator, before and after 
scheduled maintenance approved for durability data vehicles. The 
manufacturer may perform emission tests before unscheduled maintenance. 
Complete emission tests are required after unscheduled maintenance which 
may reasonably be expected to affect emissions. The Administrator may 
waive the requirement to test after unscheduled maintenance. These test 
data may be submitted weekly to the Administrator, but shall be air 
posted or delivered within 7 days after completion of the tests, along 
with a complete record of all pertinent maintenance, including a 
preliminary engineering report of any malfunction diagnosis and the 
corrective action taken. A complete engineering report shall be 
delivered to the Administrator concurrently with the manufacturer's 
application for certification.
    (h) When air conditioning SFTP exhaust emission tests are required, 
the manufacturer must document that the vehicle's air conditioning 
system is operating properly and in a representative condition. Required 
air conditioning system maintenance is performed as unscheduled 
maintenance and does not require the Administrator's approval.



Sec. 86.1835-01  Confirmatory certification testing.

    (a) Testing by the Administrator. (1) The Administrator may require 
that any one or more of the test vehicles be submitted to the Agency, at 
such place or places as the Agency may designate,

[[Page 1092]]

for the purposes of conducting emissions tests. The Administrator may 
specify that such testing be conducted at the manufacturer's facility, 
in which case instrumentation and equipment specified by the 
Administrator shall be made available by the manufacturer for test 
operations. Any testing conducted at a manufacturer's facility pursuant 
to this paragraph shall be scheduled by the manufacturer as promptly as 
possible.
    (i) The Administrator may adjust or cause to be adjusted any 
adjustable parameter of an emission-data vehicle which the Administrator 
has determined to be subject to adjustment for certification testing in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1833-01(a)(1), to any setting within the 
physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined by the 
Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.1833-01(a)(3), prior to the 
performance of any tests to determine whether such vehicle or engine 
conforms to applicable emission standards, including tests performed by 
the manufacturer under Sec. 86.1829-01(b). However, if the idle speed 
parameter is one which the Administrator has determined to be subject to 
adjustment, the Administrator shall not adjust it to a setting which 
causes a higher engine idle speed than would have been possible within 
the physically adjustable range of the idle speed parameter on the 
engine before it accumulated any dynamometer service, all other 
parameters being identically adjusted for the purpose of the comparison. 
The Administrator, in making or specifying such adjustments, will 
consider the effect of the deviation from the manufacturer's recommended 
setting on emissions performance characteristics as well as the 
likelihood that similar settings will occur on in-use light-duty 
vehicles or light-duty trucks. In determining likelihood, the 
Administrator will consider factors such as, but not limited to, the 
effect of the adjustment on vehicle performance characteristics and 
surveillance information from similar in-use vehicles.
    (ii) For those vehicles parameters which the Administrator has not 
determined to be subject to adjustment during testing in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1833-01(a)(1), the vehicle presented to the Administrator for 
testing shall be calibrated within the production tolerances applicable 
to the manufacturer's specifications to be shown on the vehicle label 
(see Sec. 86.1807-01) as specified in the application for certification. 
If the Administrator determines that a vehicle is not within such 
tolerances, the vehicle will be adjusted, at the facility designated by 
the Administrator, prior to the test and an engineering report shall be 
submitted to the Administrator describing the corrective action taken. 
Based on the engineering report, the Administrator will determine if the 
vehicle will be used as an emission data vehicle.
    (2) If the Administrator determines that the test data developed on 
an emission data vehicle under paragraph (a)(1) of this section would 
cause that vehicle to fail under the provisions of Sec. 86.1841-01, then 
the following procedure shall be observed:
    (i) The manufacturer may request a retest. Before the retest, those 
vehicle or engine parameters which the Administrator has not determined 
to be subject to adjustment for certification testing in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1833-01(a)(1) may be readjusted to manufacturer's specification, 
if these adjustments were made incorrectly prior to the first test. The 
Administrator may adjust or cause to be adjusted any parameter which the 
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment to any setting 
within the physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined 
by the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.1833-01(a)(3). Other 
maintenance or repairs may be performed in accordance with Sec. 86.1834-
01. All work on the vehicle shall be done at such location and under 
such conditions as the Administrator may prescribe.
    (ii) The vehicle will be retested by the Administrator and the 
results of this test shall comprise the official data for the emission-
data vehicle.
    (3) If sufficient durability data are not available at the time of 
any emission test conducted under paragraph (a)(1) of this section to 
enable the Administrator to determine whether an emission-data vehicle 
would fail, the manufacturer may request a retest in

[[Page 1093]]

accordance with the provisions of paragraph (a)(2) of this section. If 
the manufacturer does not promptly make such request, he shall be deemed 
to have waived the right to a retest. A request for retest must be made 
before the manufacturer removes the vehicle from the test premises.
    (4) Retesting for fuel economy reasons may be conducted under the 
provisions of 40 CFR 600.008-01.
    (b) Manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing. (1) If the 
Administrators determines not to conduct a confirmatory test under the 
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, manufacturers will conduct 
a confirmatory test at their facility after submitting the original test 
data to the Administrator whenever any of the following conditions 
exist:
    (i) The vehicle configuration has previously failed an emission 
standard;
    (ii) The test exhibits high emission levels determined by exceeding 
a percentage of the standards specified by the Administrator for that 
model year;
    (iii) The fuel economy value of the test as measured in accordance 
with the procedures in 40 CFR Part 600 is higher than expected based on 
procedures approved by the Administrator;
    (iv) The fuel economy value as measured in accordance with the 
procedures in Part 600 of this title, is close to a Gas Guzzler Tax 
threshold value based on tolerances established by the Administrator for 
that model year; or
    (v) The fuel economy value as measured in accordance with the 
procedures in Part 600 of this title, is a potential fuel economy leader 
for a class of vehicles based on Administrator provided cut points for 
that model year.
    (2) If the Administrator selects the vehicle for confirmatory 
testing based on the manufacturer's original test results, the testing 
shall be conducted as ordered by the Administrator. In this case, the 
manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing specified under paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section would not be required.
    (3) The manufacturer shall conduct a retest of the FTP or highway 
test if the difference between the fuel economy of the confirmatory test 
and the original manufacturer's test equals or exceeds three percent (or 
such lower percentage to be applied consistently to all manufacturer 
conducted confirmatory testing as requested by the manufacturer and 
approved by the Administrator).
    (i) For use in the fuel economy program described in 40 CFR part 
600, the manufacturer may, in lieu of conducting a retest, accept as 
official the lower of the original and confirmatory test fuel economy 
results.
    (ii) The manufacturer shall conduct a second retest of the FTP or 
highway test if the fuel economy difference between the second 
confirmatory test and the original manufacturer test equals or exceeds 
three percent (or such lower percentage as requested by the manufacturer 
and approved by the Administrator) and the fuel economy difference 
between the second confirmatory test and the first confirmatory test 
equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage as requested 
by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator). In lieu of 
conducting a second retest, the manufacturer may accept as official (for 
use in the fuel economy program) the lowest of the original test, the 
first confirmatory test, and the second confirmatory test fuel economy 
results.
    (c) Official test determination. (1) Whenever the Administrator or 
the manufacturer conducts a confirmatory test segment on a test vehicle, 
the results of that test segment, unless subsequently invalidated by the 
Administrator, shall comprise the official data for that test segment 
for the vehicle at the prescribed test point and the manufacturer's 
original test data for that test segment for that prescribed test point 
shall not be used in determining compliance with emission standards.
    (i) If the Administrator or the manufacturer conducts more than one 
passing, valid, confirmatory test, the results from the first passing, 
valid confirmatory test shall be considered official and used in 
determining compliance with emission standards.
    (ii) Official test results for fuel economy purposes are determined 
in accordance with the provisions of 40 CFR 600.008-01.
    (iii) The Administrator may stop a test after any evaporative test 
segment

[[Page 1094]]

and use as official data any valid results obtained up to that point in 
the test, as described in subpart B of this part.
    (2) Whenever the Administrator or the manufacturer does not conduct 
a confirmatory test on a test vehicle at a test point, the 
manufacturer's original test data will be accepted as the official data 
for that point.
    (i) If the Administrator makes a determination based on testing 
under paragraph (a) of this section (or other appropriate correlation 
test data), that there is a lack of correlation between the 
manufacturer's test equipment or procedures and the test equipment or 
procedures used by the Administrator, no manufacturer's test data will 
be accepted for purposes of certification until the reasons for the lack 
of correlation are determined and the validity of the data is 
established by the manufacturer.
    (ii) If the Administrator has reasonable basis to believe that any 
test data submitted by the manufacturer is not accurate or has been 
obtained in violation of any provisions of this subpart, the 
Administrator may refuse to accept that data as the official data 
pending retesting or submission of further information.
    (iii) If the manufacturer conducts more than one test on an emission 
data vehicle in the same configuration (excluding confirmatory tests run 
under paragraph (b) of this section), the data from the last test in 
that series of tests on that vehicle, will constitute the official data.
    (d) Upon request of the manufacturer, the Administrator may issue a 
conditional certificate of conformity for a test group which has not 
completed the Administrator testing required under paragraph (b) of this 
section. Such a certificate will be issued based upon the condition that 
the confirmatory testing be completed in an expedited manner and that 
the results of the testing be in compliance with all standards and 
procedures.
    (1) If, based on this testing or any other information, the 
Administrator later determines that the vehicles included in this test 
group do not meet the applicable standards, the Administrator will 
notify the manufacturer that the certificate is suspended. The 
certificate may be suspended in whole or in part as determined by the 
Administrator. Upon such a notification, the manufacturer must 
immediately cease the introduction of the affected vehicles into 
commerce. The manufacturer may request a hearing to appeal the 
Administrators decision using the provisions of Sec. 86.1853-01.
    (2) Production of vehicles by a manufacturer under the terms of this 
paragraph (d) will be deemed to be a consent to recall all vehicles in 
the test group which the Administrator determines do not meet applicable 
standards, and to cause such nonconformity to be remedied at no expense 
to the owner.



Sec. 86.1836-01  Manufacturer-supplied production vehicles for testing.

    Any manufacturer obtaining certification under this subpart shall 
supply to the Administrator, upon request, a reasonable number of 
production vehicles selected by the Administrator which are 
representative of the engines, emission control systems, fuel systems, 
and transmission offered and typical of production models available for 
sale under the certificate. These vehicles shall be supplied for testing 
at such time and place and for such reasonable periods as the 
Administrator may require.



Sec. 86.1837-01  Rounding of emission measurements.

    (a) Unless otherwise specified, the results of all emission tests 
shall be rounded to the number of places to the right of the decimal 
point indicated by expressing the applicable emission standard of this 
subpart to one additional significant figure, in accordance with the 
Rounding-Off Method specified in ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for 
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with 
Specifications (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 86.1).
    (b) Fleet average NOX value calculations, where 
applicable, must be rounded before comparing with the applicable fleet 
average standard and calculating credits generated or needed as follows: 
manufacturers must round to the same number of significant figures

[[Page 1095]]

that are contained in the quantity of vehicles in the denominator of the 
equation used to compute the fleet average NOX emissions, but 
to no less than one more decimal place than that of the applicable fleet 
average standard.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6864, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1838-01  Small volume manufacturer certification procedures.

    (a) The small-volume manufacturers certification procedures 
described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section are optional. Small-
volume manufacturers may use these optional procedures to demonstrate 
compliance with the general standards and specific emission requirements 
contained in this subpart.
    (b) Eligibility requirements--(1) Small volume manufacturers. (i) 
The optional small-volume manufacturers certification procedures apply 
to LDV/Ts and MDPVs produced by manufacturers with U.S. sales, including 
all vehicles and engines imported under provisions of 40 CFR 85.1505 and 
85.1509 (for the model year in which certification is sought) of fewer 
than 15,000 units (LDV/Ts, MDPVs, heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty 
engines combined).
    (ii) If the aggregated U.S. sales of the manufacturer, as determined 
in paragraph (b)(3) of this section are fewer than 15,000 units, the 
manufacturer (or each manufacturer in the case of manufacturers in an 
aggregated relationship) may certify under the provisions of paragraph 
(c) of this section.
    (2) Small volume test groups. (i) If the aggregated U.S. sales of 
the manufacturer, as determined in paragraph (b)(3) of this section are 
equal to or greater than 15,000 units, then the manufacturer (or each 
manufacturer in the case of manufacturers in an aggregated relationship) 
will be allowed to certify a number of units under the small volume test 
group certification procedures in accordance with the criteria 
identified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) through (iv) of this section.
    (ii) If there are no additional manufacturers in an aggregated 
relationship meeting the provisions of paragraph (b)(3) of this section, 
then the manufacturer may certify whole test groups whose total 
aggregated sales (including heavy-duty engines) are less than 15,000 
units using the small volume provisions of paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (iii) If there is an aggregated relationship with another 
manufacturer which satisfies the provisions of paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section, then the following provisions shall apply:
    (A) If none of the manufacturers own 50 percent or more of another 
manufacturer in the aggregated relationship, then each manufacturer may 
certify whole test groups whose total aggregated sales (including heavy-
duty engines) are less than 15,000 units using the small volume 
provisions of paragraph (c) of this section.
    (B) If any of the manufacturers own 50 percent or more of another 
manufacturer in the aggregated relationship, then the limit of 14,999 
units must be shared among the manufacturers in such a relationship. In 
total for all the manufacturers involved in such a relationship, 
aggregated sales (including heavy-duty engines) of up to 14,999 units 
may be certified using the small volume provisions of paragraph (c) of 
this section. Only whole test groups shall be eligible for small volume 
status under paragraph (c) of this section.
    (iv) In the case of a joint venture arrangement (50/50 ownership) 
between two manufacturers, each manufacturer retains its eligibility for 
14,999 units under the small-volume test group certification procedures, 
but the joint venture must draw its maximum 14,999 units from the units 
allocated to its parent manufacturers. Only whole test groups shall be 
eligible for small volume status under paragraph (c) of this section.
    (3) Sales aggregation for related manufacturers. The projected or 
actual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following 
situations:
    (i) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms, one of 
which is 10 percent or greater part owned by another;
    (ii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by any two or more firms if a 
third party has equity ownership of 10 percent or more in each of the 
firms;
    (iii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms having a 
common

[[Page 1096]]

corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction 
of the companies;
    (iv) Vehicles and/or engines imported or distributed by all firms 
where the vehicles and/or engines are manufactured by the same entity 
and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.
    (c) Small-volume manufacturers and/or small volume test groups shall 
demonstrate compliance with the all applicable sections of this subpart 
except as provided in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section. Small 
volume manufacturers and/or test groups may optionally meet the 
following requirements:
    (1) Durability demonstration. Use the provisions of Sec. 86.1826-01 
rather than the requirements of Secs. 86.1823-01, 86.1824-01, and/or 
86.1825-01.
    (2) In-use verification testing. See Sec. 86.1845-01 for 
applicability of in-use verification testing to small volume 
manufacturers and small volume test groups except as noted in this 
paragraph (c)(2).
    (i) Small volume in-use verification test vehicles may be procured 
from customers or may be owned by, or under the control of the 
manufacturer, provided that the vehicle has accumulated mileage in 
typical operation on public streets and has received typical 
maintenance.
    (ii) In lieu of procuring small volume in-use verification test 
vehicles that have a minimum odometer reading of 50,000 miles, a 
manufacturer may demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Agency that, 
based on owner survey data, the average mileage accumulated after 4 
years for a given test group is less than 50,000 miles. The Agency may 
approve a lower minimum odometer reading based on such data.
    (iii) The provisions of Sec. 86.1845-01(c)(2) and Sec. 86.1845-
04(c)(2) that require one vehicle of each test group during high mileage 
in-use verification testing to have a minimum odometer mileage of 75 
percent of the full useful life mileage for Tier 1 and NLEV LDV/Ts, or 
90,000 (or 105,000) miles for Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 vehicles, do 
not apply.
    (iv) Manufacturers intending to use the provisions of paragraphs 
(c)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section shall submit to the Agency, prior to 
the certification of the subject vehicles, a plan detailing how these 
provisions will be met.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6864, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1839-01  Carryover of certification data.

    (a) In lieu of testing an emission-data or durability vehicle 
selected under Sec. 86.1822-01, Sec. 86.1828-01, or Sec. 86.1829-01, and 
submitting data therefrom, a manufacturer may submit exhaust emission 
data, evaporative emission data and/or refueling emission data, as 
applicable, on a similar vehicle for which certification has been 
obtained or for which all applicable data required under Sec. 86.1845-01 
has previously been submitted. To be eligible for this provision, the 
manufacturer must use good engineering judgment and meet the following 
criteria:
    (1) In the case of durability data, the manufacturer must determine 
that the previously generated durability data represent a worst case or 
equivalent rate of deterioration for all applicable emission 
constituents compared to the configuration selected for durability 
demonstration.
    (i) Prior to certification, the Administrator may require the 
manufacturer to provide data showing that the distribution of catalyst 
temperatures of the selected durability configuration is effectively 
equivalent or lower than the distribution of catalyst temperatures of 
the vehicle configuration which is the source of the previously 
generated data.
    (ii) For the 2001, 2002, and 2003 model years only, paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section does not apply to the use of exhaust emission 
deterioration factors meeting the requirements of Sec. 86.1823-01(c)(2).
    (2) In the case of emission data, the manufacturer must determine 
that the previously generated emissions data represent a worst case or 
equivalent level of emissions for all applicable emission constituents 
compared to the configuration selected for emission compliance 
demonstration.
    (b) In lieu of using newly aged hardware on an EDV as allowed under 
the provisions of Sec. 86.1823-01(a)(3)(ii), a

[[Page 1097]]

manufacturer may use similar hardware aged for an EDV previously 
submitted, provided that the manufacturer determines that the previously 
aged hardware represents a worst case or equivalent rate of 
deterioration for all applicable emission constituents for durability 
demonstration.



Sec. 86.1840-01  Special test procedures.

    (a) The Administrator may, on the basis of written application by a 
manufacturer, prescribe test procedures, other than those set forth in 
this part, for any light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck which the 
Administrator determines is not susceptible to satisfactory testing by 
the procedures set forth in this part.
    (b) If the manufacturer does not submit a written application for 
use of special test procedures but the Administrator determines that a 
light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck is not susceptible to 
satisfactory testing by the procedures set forth in this part, the 
Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing and set forth the 
reasons for such rejection in accordance with the provisions of 
Sec. 86.1848(a)(2).
    (c) Manufacturers of vehicles equipped with periodically 
regenerating trap oxidizer systems must propose a procedure for testing 
and certifying such vehicles including SFTP testing for the review and 
approval of the Administrator. The manufacturer must submit its proposal 
before it begins any service accumulation or emission testing. The 
manufacturer must provide with its submittal, sufficient documentation 
and data for the Administrator to fully evaluate the operation of the 
trap oxidizer system and the proposed certification and testing 
procedure.
    (d) The provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section also 
apply to MDPVs.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6864, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1841-01  Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification.

    (a) Certification levels of a test vehicle will be calculated for 
each emission constituent applicable to the test group for both full and 
intermediate useful life as appropriate.
    (1) If the durability demonstration procedure approved by the 
Administrator under the provisions of Secs. 86.1823-01, 86.1824-01, or 
86.1825-01 requires a DF to be calculated, the DF shall be applied to 
the official test results determined in Sec. 86.1835-01(c) for each 
regulated emission constituent and for full and intermediate useful 
life, as appropriate, using the following procedures:
    (i) For additive DF's, the DF will be added to the emission result. 
The sum will be rounded to the same level of precision as the standard 
for the constituent at full and/or intermediate useful life, as 
appropriate. This rounded sum is the certification level for that 
emission constituent and for that useful life mileage.
    (ii) For multiplicative DFs, the DF will be multiplied by the 
emission result for each regulated constituent. The product will be 
rounded to the same level of precision as the standard for the 
constituent at full and intermediate useful life, as appropriate. This 
rounded product is the certification level for that emission constituent 
and for that useful life mileage.
    (iii) For the SFTP composite standard of NMHC+NOX, the 
measured results of NMHC and NOX must each be adjusted by 
their corresponding deterioration factors before the composite 
NMHC+NOX certification level is calculated. Where the 
applicable FTP exhaust hydrocarbon emission standard is an NMOG 
standard, the applicable NMOG deterioration factor must be used in place 
of the NMHC deterioration factor, unless otherwise approved by the 
Administrator.
    (2) If the durability demonstration procedure approved by the 
Administrator under the provisions of Sec. 86.1823-01, Sec. 86.1824-01, 
or Sec. 86.1825-01, as applicable, requires testing of the EDV with aged 
emission components, the official results of that testing determined 
under the provisions of Sec. 86.1835-01(c) shall be rounded to the same 
level of precision as the standard for each regulated constituent at 
full and intermediate useful life, as appropriate.

[[Page 1098]]

This rounded emission value is the certification level for that emission 
constituent at that useful life mileage.
    (3) If the durability demonstration procedure approved by the 
Administrator under the provisions of Sec. 86.1823-01 requires neither a 
DF calculation nor EDV testing with aged hardware, the certification 
levels shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions approved 
under Sec. 86.1823-01(a)(3).
    (4) The rounding required in paragraph (a) of this section shall be 
conducted in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 86.1837-01.
    (b) To be considered in compliance with the standards for the 
purposes of certification, the certification levels for the test vehicle 
calculated in paragraph (a) of this section shall be less than or equal 
to the standards for all emission constituents to which the test group 
is subject, at both full and intermediate useful life as appropriate for 
that test group.
    (c) Every test vehicle of a test group must comply with all 
applicable exhaust emission standards before that test group may be 
certified.
    (d) Every test vehicle of an evaporative/refueling family must 
comply with all applicable evaporative and/or refueling emission 
standards before that family may be certified.
    (e) Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, manufacturers 
must not use Reactivity Adjustment Factors (RAFs) in their calculation 
of the certification levels of any pollutant, regardless of the fuel 
used in the test vehicle.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6864, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1842-01  Addition of a vehicle after certification; and changes to a vehicle covered by certification.

    (a) Addition of a car line after certification. (1) If a 
manufacturer proposes to add to its product line a new car line of the 
same test group as vehicles previously certified but which was not 
described in the application for certification when the test vehicle(s) 
representing other vehicles of that combination was certified, it shall 
notify the Administrator. This notification shall include a full 
description of the vehicle to be added.
    (2) The manufacturer shall perform such tests on the test vehicle(s) 
representing the vehicle to be added which would have been required if 
the vehicle had been included in the original application for 
certification.
    (3) If, after a review of the test reports and data submitted by the 
manufacturer, and data derived from any testing conducted under 
Sec. 86.1835-01, the Administrator determines that the test vehicle(s) 
or test engine(s) meets all applicable standards, the appropriate 
certificate will be amended accordingly. If the Administrator determines 
that the test vehicle(s) does not meet applicable standards, she/he will 
proceed under Sec. 86.1850-01.
    (b) Changes to the configuration of vehicles covered by a 
Certificate of Conformity. (1) A manufacturer will notify the 
Administrator concurrently with (or in advance of) any change or 
addition in production vehicles which creates a new vehicle 
configuration within the car lines covered in a certified test group, 
giving a full description of the change. Such a change is referred to as 
a running change. Upon notification, the manufacturer may begin 
production of the running change if the manufacturer determines that 
following the change all affected vehicles will still meet the 
applicable emission standards.
    (i) Such notification shall include a full description of the 
addition or change and any supporting documentation the manufacturer may 
desire to include to support the manufacturer's determination in 
accordance with Sec. 86.1844-01.
    (ii) The manufacturer's determination that the addition or change 
does not cause noncompliance shall be based on an engineering evaluation 
of the addition or change and/or testing.
    (2) The Administrator may require that additional emission testing 
be performed to support the manufacturer's determination submitted in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If additional testing is required the 
Administrator shall proceed in accordance with paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section. Additional test data, if requested, must be provided within 30 
days of the request or the

[[Page 1099]]

manufacturer must rescind the addition or change immediately. The 
Administrator may grant additional time to complete testing. If based on 
this additional testing or any other information, the Administrator 
determines that the vehicles affected by the addition or change do not 
meet the applicable standards the Administrator will notify the 
manufacturer to rescind the addition or change immediately upon receipt 
of the notification.
    (c) Election to produce vehicles under this section will be deemed 
to be a consent to recall all vehicles which the Administrator 
determines under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section do not meet 
applicable standards, and to cause such nonconformity to be remedied at 
no expense to the owner.



Sec. 86.1843-01  General information requirements.

    (a) A manufacturer must submit a separate Application for 
Certification (Application) for each durability group in a format 
approved by the Administrator and in multiple copies as designated by 
the Administrator. Any information within the Application which is 
unique to a specific test group must be submitted for each test group.
    (b) Any manufacturer that fails to comply with any information 
requirements of Secs. 86.1843-01 and 86.1844-01 may be subject to the 
following provisions:
    (1) The Application (Part 1 and Part 2) and any additional 
information as designated by the Administrator shall be submitted for 
all durability groups prior to certification for subsequent model years, 
until otherwise notified by the Administrator. The Application shall be 
updated concurrently with every running change.
    (2) Provisions of Sec. 86.1850-01 may be imposed.
    (3) Civil penalties and remedial action as applicable under the 
Clean Air Act may be imposed.
    (c) Part 1 of the Application. Part 1, which shall include the items 
listed in Sec. 86.1844-01(d), must be submitted to the Administrator 
before a certificate of conformity will be issued.
    (d) Part 2 of the Application. Part 2, which shall include the items 
listed in Sec. 86.1844-01(e), must be submitted to the Administrator by 
January 1st of the applicable model year. If a test group is certified 
less than 60 days prior to January 1st of the applicable model year, 
Part 2 must be submitted to the Administrator within 90 days of the 
effective date on the applicable certificate of conformity.
    (e) Running change submissions. Each running change notification, as 
required under Sec. 86.1842-01, must include the information listed in 
Sec. 86.1844-01(f) and shall be submitted to the Administrator 
concurrently with, or in advance of, the implementation of any change 
incorporated onto production vehicles.
    (f) Updates to the Application for Certification. (1) The 
manufacturer must submit an update to the Part 1 Application by January 
1st of the applicable model year to incorporate any running changes and/
or corrections which occurred after certification. If a test group is 
certified less than 60 days prior to January 1st of the applicable model 
year, this update may be submitted to the Administrator within 90 days 
of the effective date on the applicable certificate of conformity.
    (2) The manufacturer must submit a final update to Part 1 and Part 2 
of the Application by January 1st of the subsequent model year to 
incorporate any applicable running changes or corrections which occurred 
between January 1st of the applicable model year and the end of the 
model year. A manufacturer may request the Administrator to grant an 
extension (of no more than 90 days) for submittal of the final update. 
The request must clearly indicate the circumstances necessitating the 
extension.
    (3) The manufacturer may not use updates to its application to 
correct a misbuild situation with respect to vehicles already introduced 
into commerce.
    (g) Information to be submitted upon request. Upon written request 
by the Administrator, a manufacturer shall submit any information as 
described in Sec. 86.1844-01 within 15 business days. A manufacturer may 
request the Administrator to grant an extension. The request must 
clearly indicate the circumstances necessitating the extension.
    (h) In-use information requirements. All information requirements of 
the in-use

[[Page 1100]]

verification and confirmatory programs of Secs. 86.1845-01 and 86.1846-
01 must be met by the due dates listed in Sec. 86.1847-01.



Sec. 86.1844-01  Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of information upon request.

    (a) All information listed in this section must be submitted to the 
Agency according to the requirements specified in Sec. 86.1843-01.
    (b) Nothing in this section limits the Administrator's discretion to 
require the manufacturer to submit additional records not specifically 
required by this section.
    (c) Routine emission test records shall be retained by the 
manufacturer for a period of one (1) year after issuance of all 
certificates of conformity to which they relate. All records, other than 
routine emission test records, required to be produced by the 
manufacturer under this title shall be made available upon written 
request by the Administrator for a period of eight years after issuance 
of all certificates of conformity to which they relate.
    (d) Part 1 Application. Part 1 must contain the following items:
    (1) Correspondence and communication information, such as names, 
mailing addresses, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of all 
manufacturer representatives authorized to be in contact with EPA 
compliance staff. The address where official documents, such as 
certificates of conformity, are to be mailed must be clearly identified. 
At least one U.S. contact must be provided.
    (2) A description of the durability group in accordance with the 
criteria listed in Sec. 86.1820-01, or as otherwise used to group a 
product line.
    (3) A description of applicable evaporative/refueling families in 
accordance with the criteria listed in Sec. 86.1821-01, or as otherwise 
used to group a product line.
    (4) A description of the test procedures used to establish 
durability and exhaust and evaporative/refueling emission deterioration 
factors as required to be determined and supplied in Secs. 86.1823-01, 
86.1824-01 and 86.1825-01 when applicable.
    (5) A description of each test group in accordance with the criteria 
listed in Sec. 86.1827-01 or as otherwise used to group a product line.
    (6) Identification and description of all vehicles for which testing 
is required by Secs. 86.1822-01 and 86.1828-01 to obtain a certificate 
of conformity.
    (7) A comprehensive list of all test results, including official 
certification levels, and the applicable intermediate and full useful 
life emission standards to which the test group is to be certified as 
required in Sec. 86.1829-01.
    (8) A statement that all applicable vehicles will conform with the 
emission standards for which emission data is not being provided, as 
allowed under Sec. 86.1829-01. The statement shall clearly identify the 
standards for which emission testing was not completed.
    (9) Information which describes each emission control diagnostic 
system required by Sec. 86.1806-01 including:
    (i) A description of the functional operation characteristics of the 
diagnostic system;
    (ii) The general method of detecting malfunctions for each emission-
related powertrain component;
    (iii) Any deficiencies, including resolution plans and schedules.
    (10) A description of all flexible or dedicated alternate fuel 
vehicles including, but not limited to, the fuel and/or percentage of 
alternate fuel for all such vehicles.
    (11) A list of all auxiliary emission control devices (AECD) 
installed on any applicable vehicles, including a justification for each 
AECD, the parameters they sense and control, a detailed justification of 
each AECD which results in a reduction in effectiveness of the emission 
control system, and rationale for why the AECD is not a defeat device as 
defined under Sec. 86.1809-01.
    (12) Identification and description of all vehicles covered by each 
certificate of conformity to be produced and sold within the U.S. The 
description must be sufficient to identify whether any

[[Page 1101]]

given in-use vehicle is, or is not, covered by a given certificate of 
conformity, the test group and the evaporative/refueling family to which 
it belongs and the standards that are applicable to it, by matching 
readily observable vehicle characteristics and information given in the 
emission control information label (and other permanently attached 
labels) to indicators in the Part 1 Application. In addition, the 
description must be sufficient to determine for each vehicle covered by 
the certificate, all appropriate test parameters and any special test 
procedures necessary to conduct an official certification exhaust or 
evaporative emission test as was required by this subpart to demonstrate 
compliance with applicable emission standards. The description shall 
include, but is not limited to, information such as model name, vehicle 
classification (LDV or LDT), sales area, engine displacement, engine 
code, transmission type, tire size and parameters necessary to conduct 
exhaust emission tests such as equivalent test weight, curb and gross 
vehicle weight, test horsepower (with and without air conditioning 
adjustment), coast down time, shift schedules, cooling fan 
configuration, etc and evaporative tests such as canister working 
capacity, canister bed volume and fuel temperature profile. The Part 1 
may include ranges for test parameters in lieu of actual values.
    (13) Projected U.S. vehicle sales volumes for each test group and 
evaporative/refueling family combination organized in such a way to 
determine projected compliance with any applicable implementation 
schedules or minimum sales requirements as specified in Sec. 86.1810 or 
as otherwise required by this chapter.
    (14) A request for a certificate of conformity for each test group 
after all required testing has been completed. The request must be 
signed by an authorized manufacturer representative and include a 
statement that the test group complies with all applicable regulations 
contained within this chapter.
    (15) For HEVs, unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, the 
information required by the ``California Exhaust Emission Standards and 
Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, 
and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger 
Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-duty Vehicle Classes'' must be 
supplied. These procedures are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (16) (i) For Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 vehicles beginning with 
the 2004 model year, a statement indicating that the manufacturer has 
conducted an engineering analysis of the complete exhaust system to 
ensure that the exhaust system has been designed:
    (A) To facilitate leak-free assembly, installation and operation for 
the full useful life of the vehicle; and
    (B) To facilitate that such repairs as might be necessary on a 
properly maintained and used vehicle can be performed in such a manner 
as to maintain leak-free operation, using tools commonly available in a 
motor vehicle dealership or independent repair shop for the full useful 
life of the vehicle.
    (ii) The analysis must cover the exhaust system and all related and 
attached components including the air injection system, if present, from 
the engine block manifold gasket surface to a point sufficiently past 
the last catalyst and oxygen sensor in the system to assure that leaks 
beyond that point will not permit air to reach the oxygen sensor or 
catalyst under normal operating conditions.
    (iii) A ``leak-free'' system is one in which leakage is controlled 
so that it will not lead to a failure of the certification exhaust 
emission standards in-use.
    (iv) The provisions of paragraphs (d)(16)(i) and (ii) do not apply 
to vehicles whose certification is carried over from the NLEV program or 
carried across from the Cal LEV I program.
    (e) Part 2 Application. Part 2 must contain the following items:
    (1) A list of part numbers of all emission-related components and 
AECDs for each emission control system, including those found on actual 
components. The part numbers shall be organized by engine code or other 
similar classification scheme.
    (2) Basic calibration information, organized by engine code (or 
other similar classification scheme), for the major components of the 
fuel system,

[[Page 1102]]

EGR system, ignition system, oxygen sensor(s) and thermostat. Examples 
of major components and associated calibration information include, but 
are not limited to; fuel pump and fuel pump flow rate, fuel pressure 
regulator and regulated fuel pressure, EGR valve and EGR exhaust gas 
flow rate at specified vacuum levels, EGR vacuum regulator and regulated 
vacuum, EGR orifice and orifice diameter, basic engine timing, timing 
RPM, idle rpm, spark plug gap, oxygen sensor output (mV), and thermostat 
opening temperature.
    (3) Identification and description of all vehicles covered by each 
certificate of conformity to be produced and sold within the U.S. The 
description must be sufficient to identify whether any given in-use 
vehicle is, or is not, covered by a given certificate of conformity, the 
test group and the evaporative/refueling family to which it belongs and 
the standards that are applicable to it, by matching readily observable 
vehicle characteristics and information given in the emission control 
information label (and other permanently attached labels) to indicators 
in the Part 1 Application. In addition, the description must be 
sufficient to determine for each vehicle covered by the certificate, all 
appropriate test parameters and any special test procedures necessary to 
conduct an official certification exhaust or evaporative emission test 
as was required by this subpart to demonstrate compliance with 
applicable emission standards. The description shall include, but is not 
limited to, information such as model name, vehicle classification (LDV 
or LDT), sales area, engine displacement, engine code, transmission 
type, tire size and parameters necessary to conduct exhaust emission 
tests such as equivalent test weight, curb and gross vehicle weight, 
test horsepower (with and without air conditioning adjustment), coast 
down time, shift schedules, cooling fan configuration, etc and 
evaporative tests such as canister working capacity, canister bed volume 
and fuel temperature profile. Actual values must be provided for all 
parameters.
    (4) Final U.S. vehicle sales volumes for each test group and 
evaporative/refueling family combination organized in such a way to 
verify compliance with any applicable implementation schedules. Final 
sales are not required until the final update to the Part 2 Application 
at the end of the model year.
    (i) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual 
volume produced for U.S. sale to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales. 
The petition must establish that production volume is functionally 
equivalent to sales volume.
    (ii) The U.S. sales volume shall be based on the location of the 
point of sale to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any 
other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
    (5) Copies of all service manuals, service bulletins and 
instructions regarding the use, repair, adjustment, maintenance, or 
testing of such vehicles relevant to the control of crankcase, exhaust 
or evaporative emissions, as applicable, issued by the manufacturer (in 
written or electronic form) for use by other manufacturers, assembly 
plants, distributors, dealers, and ultimate purchasers. These shall be 
submitted to the Agency when they are made available to the public and 
must be updated as appropriate throughout the useful life of the 
corresponding vehicles.
    (6) The NMOG/NMHC and HCHO to NMHC ratios established according to 
Sec. 86.1845-04.
    (f) Running change submissions. A manufacturer shall submit to the 
Administrator a notification of all running changes as required in 
accordance with Secs. 86.1842-01 and 86.1843-01 at the time each change 
is incorporated into production. Each running change notification shall 
include:
    (1) A detailed description of the change;
    (2) The reason for the change;
    (3) The portion of the product line that is affected by the change, 
including information sufficient to identify whether any given in-use 
vehicle includes the change;
    (4) The effect the change will have on emissions;
    (5) Any test data that is determined to be necessary to demonstrate 
compliance with applicable emission standards; and
    (6) A summary report for each test group which provides an overview 
of all

[[Page 1103]]

running changes that have been incorporated since certification.
    (g) The manufacturer shall provide the following information, or 
other information as deemed necessary by the Administrator, to the 
Agency upon written request by the Administrator. This includes any 
information, or explanations of such information specified in paragraphs 
(d), (e), and (f) of this section.
    (1) A detailed description of the basis for all good engineering 
judgment decisions that were required to be made by the manufacturer. 
These include, but are not limited to, placement of vehicles into 
durability and test groups, the appropriateness of a durability process 
for future model years, worst-case vehicle selections for durability and 
emission data purposes, and carry-over or carry-across of emission test 
data.
    (2) The basis used for all compliance statements submitted under 
this section. Each statement must be supported by the manufacturer using 
good engineering judgment and should include any emission test data, 
development test data, or other supporting information deemed necessary. 
This includes information necessary to demonstrate compliance with any 
emission standards for which a compliance statement was submitted in 
lieu of actual emission test data as allowed under Sec. 86.1810.
    (3) Detailed technical descriptions of emission-related components 
and AECDs, including schematic diagrams and hose and wire routings which 
describe the fundamental operating characteristics of each emission 
control system.
    (4) Detailed calibration specifications for all emission-related 
components and AECDs.
    (5) Any information necessary to demonstrate that no defeat devices 
are present on any vehicles covered by a certificate including, but not 
limited to, a description of the technology employed to control CO 
emissions at intermediate temperatures.
    (6) The following information describing any adjustable parameters:
    (i) A list of those parameters which are physically capable of being 
adjusted (including those adjustable parameters for which access is 
difficult) and that, if adjusted to settings other than the 
manufacturer's recommended setting, may affect emissions;
    (ii) A specification of the manufacturer's intended physically 
adjustable range of each such parameter, and the production tolerances 
of the limits or stops used to establish the physically adjustable 
range;
    (iii) A description of the limits or stops used to establish the 
manufacturer's intended physically adjustable range of each adjustable 
parameter, or any other means used to inhibit adjustment;
    (iv) The nominal or recommended setting, and the associated 
production tolerances, for each such parameter;
    (v) The specifications used during all emission testing required by 
this subpart.
    (7) A history of each motor vehicle used for certification testing, 
including a general description of the buildup of the vehicle and 
engine. Each history shall begin when any of the selection or buildup 
activities occur and should include details of the use of the vehicle 
for development testing. Each history must include a description of the 
origin and selection process for fuel system components, fuel injection 
components and emission control system components and specify the steps 
taken to assure that the certification vehicle will be representative of 
production vehicles.
    (8) A record of all emission tests performed on all durability and 
emission data vehicles required to be tested by this subpart including 
test results, the date and purpose of each test, and the number of miles 
accumulated on the vehicle.
    (9) A record and description of any significant events (including 
extraordinary events such as vehicle accidents or dynamometer runaway) 
affecting any certification test vehicle, including all maintenance, 
servicing or tests performed to diagnose engine or emission control 
system performance. The date and time of each event and an explanation 
must be included.
    (10) For vehicles with non-integrated refueling emission control 
systems, a description of the drivedown used to

[[Page 1104]]

purge the refueling canister and a description of the procedures used to 
determine the number of equivalent UDDS cycles required to purge the 
refueling canisters, as determined from the fuel economy on the UDDS 
applicable to the test vehicle of that evaporative/refueling family and 
emission control system combination required to use a volume of fuel 
equal to 85% of fuel tank volume and from subpart B of this part.
    (11) A description of all procedures, including any special 
procedures, used to comply with applicable test requirements of this 
subpart. Any special procedures used to establish durability data or 
emission deterioration factors required to be determined under 
Secs. 86.1823-01, 86.1824-01 and 86.1825-01 and to conduct emission 
tests required to be performed on applicable emission data vehicles 
under Sec. 86.1829-01 according to test procedures contained within this 
Title must also be included.
    (12) A description of any unique procedures required to perform 
evaporative/refueling emission tests for all vehicles in each 
evaporative/refueling family and a description of the method used to 
develop those unique procedures, including canister working capacity, 
canister bed volume and fuel temperature profile for the running loss 
test.
    (13) A description of the method to be used to decode vehicle 
identification numbers.
    (h) In-use information requirements. Manufacturers must submit the 
information required in Sec. 86.1847-01.
    (i) For exhaust emission testing for Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 
vehicles, if approved by the Administrator in advance, manufacturers may 
submit exhaust emission test data generated under California test 
procedures to comply with any certification and in-use testing 
requirements under this subpart. The Administrator may require 
supporting information to establish that differences between California 
and Federal exhaust testing procedures and fuels will not produce 
significant differences in emission results. The Administrator may 
require that in-use testing be performed using Federal test fuels as 
specified in Sec. 86.113-04(a)(1).

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6865, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1845-01  Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements.

    (a) General requirements. A manufacturer of light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks shall test, or cause to have tested a specified number 
of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. Such testing shall be 
conducted in accordance with the provisions of this section. For 
purposes of this section, the term vehicle shall include light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks.
    (b) Low mileage testing. [Reserved]
    (c) High-mileage testing--(1) Test groups. Testing must be conducted 
for each test group.
    (2) Vehicle mileage. All test vehicles must have a minimum odometer 
mileage of 50,000 miles. At least one vehicle of each test group must 
have a minimum odometer mileage of 75% of useful life. See Sec. 86.1838-
01(c)(2) for small volume manufacturer mileage requirements.
    (3) Number of test vehicles. For each test group, the minimum number 
of vehicles that must be tested is specified in Table S01-06 and Table 
S01-07 of this paragraph (c)(3). After testing the minimum number of 
vehicles of a specific test group as specified in Table S01-06 and Table 
S01-07 of this paragraph (c)(3), a manufacturer may test additional 
vehicles upon request and approval by the Agency prior to the initiation 
of the additional testing. Any additional testing must be completed 
within the testing completion requirements shown in Sec. 86.1845-
01(c)(4). The request and Agency approval (if any) shall apply to test 
groups on a case by case basis and apply only to testing under this 
paragraph. In addition to the testing specified in Table S01-06 and 
Table S02-07 of this paragraph (c)(3), a manufacturer shall test one 
vehicle from each evaporative/refueling family for evaporative/refueling 
emissions. If a manufacturer believes it is unable to procure the test 
vehicles necessary to test the required number of vehicles in a test 
group as specified in Table S01-06 or Table S01-07 of this paragraph 
(c)(3), the manufacturer may

[[Page 1105]]

request, subject to Administrator approval, a decreased sample size for 
that test group. The request shall include a description of the methods 
the manufacturer has used to procure the required number of vehicles. 
The approval of any such request, and the substitution of an alternative 
sample size requirement for the test group, will be based on a review of 
the procurement efforts made by the manufacturer to determine if all 
reasonable steps have been taken to procure the required test group 
size. Tables S01-06 and S01-07 follow:

                Table S01-06.--Small Volume Manufacturers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  49 and 50 State total sales \1\          1-5000           5001-14,999
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Mileage......................  Voluntary...........               2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Manufacturer's total annual sales.


                                    Table S01-07--Large Volume Manufacturers
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49 and 50 State annual sales \1\      1-5000 \2\      5001-14,999 \2\  1-50,000 \3\  50,001-250,000    >250,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Mileage....................  Voluntary.........              2               4              5             6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Sales by test group.
\2\ Total annual production of groups eligible for testing under small volume sampling plan is capped at a
  maximum of 14,999 vehicle 49 or 50 state annual sales, or a maximum of 4,500 vehicle California only sales per
  model year, per large volume manufacturer.
\3\ Sampling plan applies to all of a manufacturer's remaining groups in this sales volume category when the
  maximum annual cap on total sales of small groups eligible for the small volume sampling plan is exceeded.

    (4) Initiation and completion of testing. Testing of a test group 
(or evaporative refueling family) must commence within 4 years of the 
end of production of the test group (or evaporative/refueling family) 
and be completed within 5 years of the end of production of the test 
group (or evaporative/refueling family).
    (5) Emission testing. (i) Each test vehicle shall be tested in 
accordance with the Federal Test Procedure and the US06 portion of the 
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure as described in subpart B of this 
part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable 
exhaust emission standards under this subpart. The US06 portion of the 
SFTP is not required to be performed on vehicles certified in accordance 
with the National LEV provisions of subpart R of this part. One test 
vehicle from each test group shall receive a Federal Test Procedure at 
high altitude. The test vehicle tested at high altitude is not required 
to be one of the same test vehicles tested at low altitude. The test 
vehicle tested at high altitude is counted when determining the 
compliance with the requirements shown in Table S01-06 and Table S01-07 
in paragraph (c)(3) of this section or the expanded sample size as 
provided for in this paragraph (c).
    (ii) One test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be 
tested in accordance with the evaporative emission and refueling 
emission test procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such 
test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative 
emission and refueling emission standards under this subpart. The test 
vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement 
of this paragraph (c)(5)(ii) will be counted when determining compliance 
with the minimum number of vehicles as specified in Table S01-06 and 
Table S01-07 in paragraph (c)(3) of this section for testing under 
paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section only if the vehicle is also tested 
for exhaust emissions under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of 
this section.
    (6) Each test vehicle not rejected based on the criteria specified 
in Appendix II to this Subpart shall be tested in as-received condition.
    (7) A manufacturer may conduct subsequent diagnostic maintenance 
and/or testing on any vehicle. Any such maintenance and/or testing shall 
be reported to the Agency as specified in Sec. 86.1847-01.

[[Page 1106]]

    (d) Test vehicle procurement. (1) Vehicles tested under this section 
shall be procured pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph (d). 
Vehicles shall be procured from the group of persons who own or lease 
vehicles registered in the procurement area.
    (2) Vehicles shall be procured from persons which own or lease the 
vehicle, excluding commercial owners/lessees which are owned or 
controlled by the vehicle manufacturer, using the procedures described 
in Appendix I to this subpart. See Sec. 86.1838(c)(2)(i) for small 
volume manufacturer requirements.
    (3) Geographical limitations. (i) Test groups certified to 50-state 
standards: For low altitude testing no more than fifty percent of the 
test vehicles may be procured from California. The test vehicles 
procured from the 49 state area must be procured from a location with a 
heating degree day 30 year annual average equal to or greater than 4000.
    (ii) Test groups certified to 49 state standards: The test vehicles 
procured from the 49 state area must be procured from a location with a 
heating degree day 30 year annual average equal to or greater than 4000.
    (iii) Vehicles procured for high altitude testing may be procured 
from any area located above 4000 feet.
    (4) Vehicles may be rejected for procurement or testing under this 
section if they meet one or more of the rejection criteria in Appendix 
II of this subpart. Vehicles may also be rejected after testing under 
this section if they meet one or more of the rejection criteria in 
Appendix II of this subpart. Any vehicle rejected after testing must be 
replaced in order that the number of test vehicles in the sample comply 
with the sample size requirements of this section. Any post-test vehicle 
rejection and replacement procurement and testing must take place within 
the testing completion requirements of this section.
    (e) Testing facilities, procedures, quality assurance and quality 
control--(1) Lab equipment and procedural requirements. The manufacturer 
shall utilize a test laboratory that is in accordance with the equipment 
and procedural requirements of subpart B to conduct the testing required 
by this section.
    (2) The manufacturer shall notify the Agency of the name and 
location of the testing laboratory(s) to be used to conduct testing of 
vehicles of each model year conducted pursuant to this section. Such 
notification shall occur at least thirty working days prior to the 
initiation of testing of the vehicles of that model year.
    (3) Correlation. The manufacturer shall document correlation 
traceable to the Environmental Protection Agency's National Vehicle and 
Fuel Emission Laboratory for its test laboratory utilized to conduct the 
testing required by this section.



Sec. 86.1845-04  Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements.

    (a) General requirements. (1) A manufacturer of LDVs, LDTs and/or 
MDPVs must test, or cause to have tested, a specified number of LDVs, 
LDTs and MDPVs. Such testing must be conducted in accordance with the 
provisions of this section. For purposes of this section, the term 
vehicle includes light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty 
vehicles.
    (2) Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, no emission 
measurements made under the requirements of this section may be adjusted 
by Reactivity Adjustment Factors (RAFs).
    (3) Upon a manufacturer's written request, prior to in-use testing, 
that presents information to EPA regarding pre-conditioning procedures 
designed solely to remove the effects of high sulfur in gasoline from 
vehicles produced through the 2007 model year, EPA will consider 
allowing such procedures on a case-by-case basis. EPA's decision will 
apply to manufacturer in-use testing conducted under this section and to 
any in-use testing conducted by EPA.
    (b) Low-mileage testing--(1) Test groups. Testing must be conducted 
for each test group.
    (2) Vehicle mileage. All test vehicles must have a minimum odometer 
mileage of 10,000 miles.
    (3) Number of test vehicles. For each test group, the minimum number 
of vehicles that must be tested is specified in Table S04-06 and Table 
S04-07 of this paragraph (b)(3). After testing the minimum number of 
vehicles of a specific test group as specified in Table S04-06

[[Page 1107]]

or S04-07 of this paragraph (b)(3), a manufacturer may test additional 
vehicles upon request and approval by the Agency prior to the initiation 
of the additional testing. Any additional testing must be completed 
within the testing completion requirements shown in Sec. 86.1845-
04(b)(4). The request and Agency approval (if any) shall apply to test 
groups on a case by case basis and apply only to testing under this 
paragraph. Separate approval will be required to test additional 
vehicles under paragraph (c) of this section. In addition to the testing 
specified in Table S04-06 and Table S04-07 of this paragraph (b)(3), a 
manufacturer shall test one vehicle from each evaporative/refueling 
family for evaporative/refueling emissions. If a manufacturer believes 
it is unable to procure the test vehicles necessary to test the required 
number of vehicles in a test group, the manufacturer may request, 
subject to Administrator approval, a decreased sample size for that test 
group. The request shall include a description of the methods the 
manufacturer has used to procure the required number of vehicles. The 
approval of any such request, and the substitution of an alternative 
sample size requirement for the test group, will be based on a review of 
the procurement efforts made by the manufacturer to determine if all 
reasonable steps have been taken to procure the required test group 
size. Tables S04-06 and S04-07 follow:

                Table S04-06.--Small Volume Manufacturers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  49 and 50 State total sales \1\          1-5000           5001-14,999
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Mileage.......................  Voluntary...........               0
High Mileage......................  Voluntary...........               2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Manufacturer's total annual sales.


                                    Table S04-07--Large Volume Manufacturers
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49 and 50 State annual sales \1\      1-5000 \2\      5001-14,999 \2\  1-50,000 \3\  50,001-250,000    >250,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Mileage.....................  Voluntary.........              0               2              3             4
High Mileage....................  Voluntary.........              2               4              5             6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Sales by test group.
\2\ Total annual production of groups eligible for testing under small volume sampling plan is capped at a
  maximum of 14,999 vehicle 49 or 50 state annual sales, or a maximum of 4,500 vehicle California only sales per
  model year, per large volume manufacturer.
\3\ Sampling plan applies to all of a manufacturer's remaining groups in this sales volume category when the
  maximum annual cap on total sales of small groups eligible for the small volume sampling plan is exceeded.

    (4) Completion of testing. Testing of the vehicles in a test group 
and evaporative/refueling family must be completed within one year of 
the end of production of that test group (or evaporative/refueling 
family) for that model year.
    (5) Emission testing. (i) Each test vehicle of a test group shall be 
tested in accordance with the Federal Test Procedure and the US06 
portion of the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure as described in 
subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance 
with applicable exhaust emission standards under this subpart.
    (ii) One test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be 
tested in accordance with the evaporative emission and refueling 
emission test procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such 
test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative 
emission and refueling emission standards under this subpart. The test 
vehicles tested to fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement 
of this paragraph (b)(5)(ii) will be counted when determining compliance 
with the minimum number of vehicles as specified in Table S04-06 and 
Table S04-07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing under 
paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section only if the vehicle is also tested 
for exhaust emissions under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of 
this section.

[[Page 1108]]

    (6) Each test vehicle not rejected based on the criteria specified 
in Appendix II to this Subpart shall be tested in as-received condition.
    (7) A manufacturer may conduct subsequent diagnostic maintenance 
and/or testing of any vehicle. Any such maintenance and/or testing shall 
be reported to the Agency as specified in Sec. 86.1847-01.
    (c) High-mileage testing--(1) Test groups. Testing must be conducted 
for each test group.
    (2) Vehicle mileage:
    (i) All test vehicles must have a minimum odometer mileage of 50,000 
miles. At least one vehicle of each test group must have a minimum 
odometer mileage of 75 percent of the full useful life mileage. See 
Sec. 86.1838-01(c)(2) for small volume manufacturer mileage 
requirements; or
    (ii) For engine families certified for a useful life of 150,000 
miles, at least one vehicle must have a minimum odometer mileage of 
105,000 miles. See Sec. 86.1838-01(c)(2) for small volume manufacturer 
mileage requirements.
    (3) Number of test vehicles. For each test group, the minimum number 
of vehicles that must be tested is specified in Table S04-06 and Table 
S04-07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. After testing the minimum 
number of vehicles of a specific test group as specified in Table S04-06 
and Table S04-07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, a manufacturer may 
test additional vehicles upon request and approval by the Agency prior 
to the initiation of the additional testing. Any additional testing must 
be completed within the testing completion requirements shown in 
Sec. 86.1845-04(c)(4). The request and Agency approval (if any) shall 
apply to test groups on a case by case basis and apply only to testing 
under this paragraph (c). In addition to the testing specified in Table 
S04-06 and Table S04-07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, a 
manufacturer shall test one vehicle from each evaporative/refueling 
family for evaporative/refueling emissions. If a manufacturer believes 
it is unable to procure the test vehicles necessary to test the required 
number of vehicles in a test group as specified in Table S04-06 or Table 
S04-07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the manufacturer may 
request, subject to Administrator approval, a decreased sample size for 
that test group. The request shall include a description of the methods 
the manufacturer has used to procure the required number of vehicles. 
The approval of any such request, and the substitution of an alternative 
sample size requirement for the test group, will be based on a review of 
the procurement efforts made by the manufacturer to determine if all 
reasonable steps have been taken to procure the required test group 
size.
    (4) Initiation and completion of testing. Testing of a test group 
(or evaporative refueling family) must commence within 4 years of the 
end of production of the test group (or evaporative/refueling family) 
and be completed within 5 years of the end of production of the test 
group (or evaporative/refueling family).
    (5) Emission testing. (i) Each test vehicle shall be tested in 
accordance with the Federal Test Procedure and the US06 portion of the 
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure as described in subpart B of this 
part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable 
exhaust emission standards under this subpart. The US06 portion of the 
SFTP is not required to be performed on vehicles certified in accordance 
with the National LEV provisions of subpart R of this part. One test 
vehicle from each test group shall receive a Federal Test Procedure at 
high altitude. The test vehicle tested at high altitude is not required 
to be one of the same test vehicles tested at low altitude. The test 
vehicle tested at high altitude is counted when determining the 
compliance with the requirements shown in Table S04-06 and Table S04-07 
in paragraph (b)(3) of this section or the expanded sample size as 
provided for in this paragraph (c).
    (ii) One test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be 
tested in accordance with the evaporative emission and refueling 
emission test procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such 
test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative 
emission and refueling emission standards under this subpart. The test 
vehicles tested to fulfill the

[[Page 1109]]

evaporative/refueling testing requirement of this paragraph (b)(5)(ii) 
will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum number of 
vehicles as specified in Table S04-06 and table S04-07 in paragraph 
(b)(3) of this section for testing under paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this 
section only if the vehicle is also tested for exhaust emissions under 
the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section.
    (6) Each test vehicle not rejected based on the criteria specified 
in Appendix II to this subpart shall be tested in as-received condition.
    (7) A manufacturer may conduct subsequent diagnostic maintenance 
and/or testing on any vehicle. Any such maintenance and/or testing shall 
be reported to the Agency as specified in Sec. 86.1847-01.
    (d) Test vehicle procurement. (1) Vehicles tested under this section 
shall be procured pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph (d). 
Vehicles shall be procured from the group of persons who own or lease 
vehicles registered in the procurement area.
    (2) Vehicles shall be procured from persons which own or lease the 
vehicle, excluding commercial owners/lessees which are owned or 
controlled by the vehicle manufacturer, using the procedures described 
in Appendix I to this subpart. See Sec. 86.1838(c)(2)(i) for small 
volume manufacturer requirements.
    (3) Geographical limitations. (i) Test groups certified to 50-state 
standards: For low altitude testing no more than fifty percent of the 
test vehicles may be procured from California. The test vehicles 
procured from the 49 state area must be procured from a location with a 
heating degree day 30 year annual average equal to or greater than 4000.
    (ii) Test groups certified to 49 state standards: The test vehicles 
procured from the 49 state area must be procured from a location with a 
heating degree day 30 year annual average equal to or greater than 4000.
    (iii) Vehicles procured for high altitude testing may be procured 
from any area located above 4000 feet.
    (4) Vehicles may be rejected for procurement or testing under this 
section if they meet one or more of the rejection criteria in Appendix 
II to this subpart. Vehicles may also be rejected after testing under 
this section if they meet one or more of the rejection criteria in 
Appendix II to this subpart. Any vehicle rejected after testing must be 
replaced in order that the number of test vehicles in the sample comply 
with the sample size requirements of this section. Any post-test vehicle 
rejection and replacement procurement and testing must take place within 
the testing completion requirements of this section.
    (e) Testing facilities, procedures, quality assurance and quality 
control--(1) Lab equipment and procedural requirements. The manufacturer 
shall utilize a test laboratory that is in accordance with the equipment 
and procedural requirements of subpart B of this part to conduct the 
testing required by this section.
    (2) The manufacturer shall notify the Agency of the name and 
location of the testing laboratory(s) to be used to conduct testing of 
vehicles of each model year conducted pursuant to this section. Such 
notification shall occur at least thirty working days prior to the 
initiation of testing of the vehicles of that model year.
    (3) Correlation. The manufacturer shall document correlation 
traceable to the Environmental Protection Agency's National Vehicle and 
Fuel Emission Laboratory for its test laboratory utilized to conduct the 
testing required by this section.
    (f)(1) A manufacturer may conduct in-use testing on a test group by 
measuring NMHC exhaust emissions rather than NMOG exhaust emissions. The 
measured NMHC exhaust emissions must be multiplied by the adjustment 
factor used for certification of the test group, or another adjustment 
factor acceptable to the Administrator, to determine the equivalent NMOG 
exhaust emission values for the test vehicle. The equivalent NMOG 
exhaust emission value must be used in place of the measured NMOG 
exhaust emission value in determining the exhaust NMOG results. The 
equivalent NMOG exhaust emission values must be compared to the NMOG 
exhaust emission standard from the emission bin to which the test group 
was certified.

[[Page 1110]]

    (2) For flexible-fueled LDVs, LDTs and MDPVs certified to NMOG 
standards, the manufacturer may request from the Administrator the use 
of a methanol (M85) or ethanol (E85) NMOG exhaust emission to gasoline 
NMHC exhaust emission ratio which must be established during 
certification for each emission data vehicle for the applicable test 
group. The results must be submitted to the Administrator in the Part II 
application for certification. After approval by the Administrator, the 
measured gasoline NMHC exhaust emissions must be multiplied by the M85 
or E85 NMOG to gasoline NMHC ratio submitted in the application for 
certification for the test group to determine the equivalent NMOG 
exhaust emission values for the test vehicle. The equivalent NMOG 
exhaust emission value must be used in place of the measured NMOG 
exhaust emission value in determining the exhaust NMOG results. The 
equivalent NMOG exhaust emission values must be compared to the NMOG 
exhaust emission standard from the vehicle emission standard bin to 
which the test group was certified.
    (3) If the manufacturer measures NMOG it must also measure and 
report HCHO emissions. As an alternative to measuring the HCHO content, 
if the manufacturer measures NMHC as permitted in paragraph (f)(1) of 
this section, the Administrator may approve, upon submission of 
supporting data by a manufacturer, the use of HCHO to NMHC ratios. To 
request the use of HCHO to NMHC ratios, the manufacturer must establish 
during certification testing the ratio of measured HCHO exhaust 
emissions to measured NMHC exhaust emissions for each emission data 
vehicle for the applicable test group. The results must be submitted to 
the Administrator with the Part II application for certification. 
Following approval of the application for certification, the 
manufacturer may conduct in-use testing on the test group by measuring 
NMHC exhaust emissions rather than HCHO exhaust emissions. The measured 
NMHC exhaust emissions must be multiplied by the HCHO to NMHC ratio 
submitted in the application for certification for the test group to 
determine the equivalent HCHO exhaust emission values for the test 
vehicle. The equivalent HCHO exhaust emission values must be compared to 
the HCHO exhaust emission standard applicable to the test group.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6865, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1846-01  Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements.

    (a) General requirements. (1) A manufacturer of LDVs, LDTs and/or 
MDPVs must test, or cause testing to be conducted, under this section 
when the emission levels shown by a test group sample from testing under 
Sec. 86.1845-01 exceeds the criteria specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section. The testing required under this section applies separately to 
each test group and at each test point (low and high mileage) that meets 
the specified criteria. The testing requirements apply separately for 
each model year starting with model year 2001.
    (2) Except for vehicles certified under the NLEV provisions of 
subpart R of this part or unless otherwise approved by the 
Administrator, no emission measurements made under the requirements of 
this section may be adjusted by Reactivity Adjustment Factors (RAFs).
    (3) For purposes of this section, the term vehicle includes light-
duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles.
    (4) Upon a manufacturer's written request, prior to in-use testing, 
that presents information to EPA regarding pre-conditioning procedures 
designed solely to remove the effects of high sulfur in gasoline from 
vehicles produced through the 2007 model year, EPA will consider 
allowing such procedures on a case-by-case basis. EPA's decision will 
apply to manufacturer in-use testing conducted under this section and to 
any in-use testing conducted by EPA.
    (b) Criteria for additional testing. A manufacturer shall test a 
test group or a subset of a test group as described in paragraph (j) of 
this section when the results from testing conducted under Sec. 86.1845-
01 show mean emissions for that test group of any pollutant(s) to be 
equal to or greater than 1.30 times the applicable in-use standard and a

[[Page 1111]]

failure rate, among the test group vehicles, for the corresponding 
pollutant(s) of fifty percent or greater.
    (1) This requirement does not apply to Supplemental FTP testing 
conducted under Sec. 86.1845(b)(5)(i) or evaporative/refueling testing 
conducted under Sec. 86.1845-01. Testing conducted at high altitude 
under the requirements of Sec. 86.1845-01 will be included in 
determining if a test group meets the criteria triggering testing 
required under this section.
    (2) The vehicle tested under the requirements of Sec. 86.1845-
01(c)(2)(i) with a minimum odometer miles of 75% of useful life will not 
be included in determining if a test group meets the triggering 
criteria.
    (3) The SFTP composite emission levels shall include the IUVP FTP 
emissions, the IUVP US06 emissions, and the values from the SC03 Air 
Conditioning EDV certification test (without DFs applied). The 
calculations shall be made using the equations prescribed in 
Sec. 86.164-01. If more than one set of certification SC03 data exists 
(due to running change testing or other reasons), the manufacturer shall 
choose the SC03 result to use in the calculation from among those data 
sets using good engineering judgment.
    (c) Vehicles tested under the provisions of this section must be 
within the useful life specified for the emission standards which were 
exceeded in the testing under Sec. 86.1845-01. Testing should be within 
the useful life specified, subject to sections 207(c)(5) and (c)(6) of 
the Clean Air Act where applicable.
    (d) Number of test vehicles. A manufacturer must test a minimum of 
ten vehicles of the test group or Agency-designated subset. A 
manufacturer may, at the manufacturer's discretion, test more than ten 
vehicles under this paragraph for a specific test group or Agency-
designated subset. If a manufacturer chooses to test more than the 
required ten vehicles, all testing must be completed within the time 
designated in the testing completion requirements of Sec. 86.1846-01(g). 
Any vehicles which are eliminated from the sample either prior to or 
subsequent to testing, or any vehicles for which test results are 
determined to be void, must be replaced in order that the final sample 
of vehicles for which test results acceptable to the Agency are 
available equals a minimum of ten vehicles. A manufacturer may cease 
testing with a sample of five vehicles if the results of the first five 
vehicles tested show mean emissions for each pollutant to be less than 
75.0 percent of the applicable standard, with no vehicles exceeding the 
applicable standard for any pollutant.
    (e) Emission testing. Each test vehicle of a test group or Agency-
designated subset shall be tested in accordance with the Federal Test 
Procedure and/or the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (whichever of 
these tests performed under Sec. 86.1845-01 produces emission levels 
requiring testing under this section) as described in subpart B of this 
part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable 
exhaust emission standards under this subpart.
    (f) Geographical limitations. (1) Test groups or Agency-designated 
subsets certified to 50-state standards: For low altitude testing no 
more than 50 percent of the test vehicles may be procured from 
California. The test vehicles procured from the 49 state area must be 
procured from a location with a heating degree day 30 year annual 
average equal to or greater than 4000.
    (2) Test groups or Agency-designated subsets certified to 49 state 
standards: For low-altitude testing all vehicles shall be procured from 
a location with a heating degree day 30 year annual average equal to or 
greater than 4000.
    (3) Vehicles procured for high altitude testing may be procured from 
any area provided that the vehicle's primary area of operation was above 
4000 feet.
    (g) Testing required under this section must commence within three 
months of completion of the testing under Sec. 86.1845-01 which 
triggered the confirmatory testing and must be completed within seven 
months of the completion of the testing which triggered the confirmatory 
testing. Any industry review of the results obtained under Sec. 86.1845-
01 and any additional vehicle procurement and/or testing which takes 
place under the provisions of Sec. 86.1845-01 which the industry 
believes

[[Page 1112]]

may affect the triggering of required confirmatory testing must take 
place within the three month period. The data and the manufacturers 
reasoning for reconsideration of the data must be provided to the Agency 
within the three month period.
    (h) Limit on manufacturer conducted testing. For each manufacturer, 
the maximum number of test group(s)(or Agency-designated subset(s)) of 
each model year for which testing under this section shall be required 
is limited to 50 percent of the total number of test groups of each 
model year required to be tested by each manufacturer as prescribed in 
Sec. 86.1845-01 rounded to the next highest whole number where 
appropriate. For each manufacturer with only one test group under 
Sec. 86.1845-01, such manufacturer shall have a maximum potential 
testing requirement under this section of one test group (or Agency-
designated subset) per model year.
    (i) Prior to beginning in-use confirmatory testing the manufacturer 
must, after consultation with the Agency, submit a written plan 
describing the details of the vehicle procurement, maintenance, and 
testing procedures (not otherwise specified by regulation) it intends to 
use.
    (j) EPA may designate a subset of the test group based on 
transmission type for testing under this section in lieu of testing the 
entire test group when the results for the entire test group from 
testing conducted under Sec. 86.1845-01 show mean emissions and a 
failure rate which meet these criteria for additional testing.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6866, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1847-01  Manufacturer in-use verification and in-use confirmatory testing; submittal of information and maintenance of records.

    (a) The manufacturer who conducts or causes to be conducted testing 
of any motor vehicle under Sec. 86.1845-01 shall establish, maintain and 
retain the following records organized and indexed by test group and 
evaporative/refueling family:
    (1) A record documenting correlation as prescribed by Sec. 86.1845-
01(e)(3).
    (2) A description of all laboratory equipment calibrations and 
verifications as prescribed by subpart B of this part or otherwise as 
appropriate using good engineering judgment.
    (3) Procurement documentation. A description of the procurement 
area, a record of the source(s) of any list(s) of vehicles used as a 
basis for procurement, and a complete record of the number of vehicles 
rejected after positive vehicle owner response and reason(s) for 
manufacturer rejection of each rejected vehicle. A complete record of 
the number of vehicle owners/lessees in which attempt to contact was 
made and the number of vehicle owners/lessees actually contacted, the 
number of owners/lessees not contacted and the reasons and number of 
each for failure to contact, and the number of owners contacted who 
declined to participate.
    (4) All records required to be maintained under this paragraph shall 
be retained by the manufacturer for a period of eight (8) years after 
the end of production of the test group to which they relate.
    (b) The manufacturer who conducts or causes to be conducted testing 
of any motor vehicle under Sec. 86.1845-01 shall submit to the 
Administrator on a quarterly calendar year basis, with the information 
provided to the Administrator within 30 days of the end of the quarter 
of each calendar year, the following records organized by test group and 
evaporative/refueling family.
    (1) A complete record of all emission tests performed, including 
tests results, the date of each test, and the phase mass values for fuel 
economy, carbon dioxide and each pollutant measured by the Federal Test 
Procedure and Supplemental Federal Test Procedure as prescribed by 
subpart B of this part.
    (2) For each test vehicle within a test group, a record and 
description of procedures and test results pertaining to any inspection 
(including the information listed in Appendix III to this subpart), 
diagnostics, and maintenance performed on the test vehicle prior to 
testing in as-received condition.

[[Page 1113]]

    (3) A record and description of any inspection, diagnostics, and 
maintenance performed and/or testing (including emission results) of any 
vehicle tested subsequent to its initial as-received test.
    (c) The manufacturer who conducts or causes to be conducted testing 
of any motor vehicle under Sec. 86.1845-01 shall submit to the 
Administrator a record of the name and location of the testing 
laboratory(s) to be used to conduct testing for each model year 30 
working days prior to the initiation of testing of that model year.
    (d) The manufacturer of any test vehicle subject to Sec. 86.1845-01 
shall report to the Agency the test results (identifying the vehicle 
test group and emission test results) of any test vehicle in which the 
test vehicle fails to meet any applicable emission standard. The 
manufacturer must make this report within 72 hours of the completion of 
the testing of the test vehicle.
    (e) The manufacturer who conducts or causes to be conducted testing 
of any motor vehicle under Sec. 86.1846-01 shall establish, maintain and 
retain the following organized and indexed records by test group or 
Agency-designated subset.
    (1) A description of all laboratory equipment calibrations and 
verifications as prescribed by subpart B of this part or by good 
engineering judgment.
    (2) Procurement documentation. A description of the procurement 
area, a record of the source(s) of any list(s) of vehicles used as a 
basis for procurement, a complete record of: the number of vehicle 
owners/lessees in which attempt to contact was made and the number of 
vehicle owners/lessees actually contacted; the number of owners/lessees 
not contacted and the reasons and number of each for failure to contact; 
the number of owners contacted who declined to participate; and a 
complete record of the number of vehicles rejected after positive 
vehicle owner response and reason(s) for manufacturer rejection of each 
rejected vehicle.
    (3) All records required to be maintained under this paragraph shall 
be retained by the manufacturer for a period of eight (8) years after 
the end of production of the test group to which they relate.
    (f) Within 30 working days of the completion of testing of a test 
group or Agency-designated subset performed under Sec. 86.1846-01, the 
manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator the following records 
organized by test group or Agency-designated subset.
    (1) A complete record of all emission tests performed, including 
tests results, the date of each test, and the phase mass values for fuel 
economy, carbon dioxide and each pollutant measured by the Federal Test 
Procedure and Supplemental Federal Test Procedure as prescribed by 
subpart B of this part.
    (2) For each test vehicle within a test group, a record and 
description of procedures and test results pertaining to any 
inspections, diagnostics, and maintenance performed on the test vehicle 
prior to any emission testing.
    (3) A record and description of any inspections, diagnostics, 
maintenance performed and/or testing (including emission results) of any 
test vehicle tested subsequent to its initial emission test.



Sec. 86.1848-01  Certification.

    (a)(1) If, after a review of the manufacturer's submitted Part I 
application, information obtained from any inspection, such other 
information as the Administrator may require, and any other pertinent 
data or information, the Administrator determines that the application 
is complete and that all vehicles within a test group as described in 
the application meet the requirements of this Part and the Clean Air 
Act, the Administrator shall issue a certificate of conformity.
    (2) If, after review of the manufacturer's application, request for 
certification, information obtained from any inspection, such other 
information as the Administrator may require, and any other pertinent 
data or information, the Administrator determines that the application 
is not complete or the vehicles within a test group as described in the 
application, do not meet applicable requirements or standards of

[[Page 1114]]

the Act or of this part, the Administrator may deny the issuance of, 
suspend, or revoke a previously issued certificate of conformity. The 
Administrator will notify the manufacturer in writing, setting forth the 
basis for the determination. The manufacturer may request a hearing on 
the Administrator's determination.
    (b) A certificate of conformity will be issued by the Administrator 
for a period not to exceed one model year and upon such terms as deemed 
necessary or appropriate to assure that any new motor vehicle covered by 
the certificate will meet the requirements of the Act and of this part.
    (c) All certificates are conditional upon the following conditions 
being met:
    (1) The manufacturer must supply all required information according 
to the provisions of Secs. 86.1843-01 and 86.1844-01.
    (2) The manufacturer must comply with all certification and in-use 
emission standards contained in subparts S and H of this part both 
during and after model year production.
    (3) The manufacturer must comply with all implementation schedules 
sales percentages as required in Sec. 86.1810 or elsewhere in this part. 
Failure to meet a required implementation schedule sales percentage will 
be considered to be a failure to satisfy a condition upon which the 
certificate was issued and any vehicles or trucks sold in violation of 
the implementation schedule shall not be covered by the certificate.
    (4) For incomplete light-duty trucks, a certificate covers only 
those new motor vehicles which, when completed by having the primary 
load-carrying device or container attached, conform to the maximum curb 
weight and frontal area limitations described in the application for 
certification as required in Sec. 86.1844-01.
    (5) The manufacturer must meet the in-use testing and reporting 
requirements contained in Secs. 86.1845-01, 86.1846-01, and 86.1847-01, 
as applicable. Failure to meet the in-use testing or reporting 
requirements shall be considered a failure to satisfy a condition upon 
which the certificate was issued. A vehicle or truck will be considered 
to be covered by the certificate only if the manufacturer fulfills this 
condition upon which the certificate was issued.
    (6) Vehicles are covered by a certificate of conformity only if they 
are in all material respects as described in the manufacturer's 
application for certification (Part I and Part II).
    (7) For Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 vehicles, all certificates of 
conformity issued are conditional upon compliance with all provisions of 
Secs. 86.1811-04, 86.1860-04, 86.1861-04 and 86.1862-04 both during and 
after model year production.
    (i) Failure to meet the fleet average NOX requirements of 
0.07g/mi, 0.30 g/mi or 0.20 g/mi, as applicable, will be considered to 
be a failure to satisfy the terms and conditions upon which the 
certificate(s) was (were) issued and the vehicles sold in violation of 
the fleet average NOX standard will not be covered by the 
certificate(s).
    (ii) Failure to comply fully with the prohibition against selling 
credits that it has not generated or that are not available, as 
specified in Sec. 86.1861-04, will be considered to be a failure to 
satisfy the terms and conditions upon which the certificate(s) was 
(were) issued and the vehicles sold in violation of this prohibition 
will not be covered by the certificate(s).
    (iii) Failure to comply fully with the phase-in requirements of 
Sec. 86.1811-04, will be considered to be a failure to satisfy the terms 
and conditions upon which the certificate(s) was (were) issued and the 
vehicles sold which do not comply with Tier 2 or interim non-Tier 2 
requirements, up to the number needed to comply, will not be covered by 
the certificate(s).
    (iv) For paragraphs (c)(7)(i) through (iii) of this section:
    (A) The manufacturer must bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the terms and conditions upon 
which the certificate(s) was (were) issued were satisfied.
    (B) For recall and warranty purposes, vehicles not covered by a 
certificate of conformity will continue to be held to the standards 
stated or referenced in the certificate that otherwise would have 
applied to the vehicles.

[[Page 1115]]

    (d) One certificate will be issued for each test group and 
evaporative/refueling family combination. For diesel fueled vehicles, 
one certificate will be issued for each test group. A certificate of 
conformity is deemed to cover the vehicles named in such certificate and 
produced during the model year.
    (e) A manufacturer of new light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks 
must obtain a certificate of conformity covering such vehicles from the 
Administrator prior to selling, offering for sale, introducing into 
commerce, delivering for introduction into commerce, or importing into 
the United States the new vehicle. Vehicles produced prior to the 
effective date of a certificate of conformity may also be covered by the 
certificate, once it is effective, if the following conditions are met:
    (1) The vehicles conform in all respects to the vehicles described 
in the application for the certificate of conformity.
    (2) The vehicles are not sold, offered for sale, introduced into 
commerce, or delivered for introduction into commerce prior to the 
effective date of the certificate of conformity.
    (3) EPA is notified prior to the beginning of production when such 
production will start, and EPA is provided a full opportunity to inspect 
and/or test the vehicles during and after their production. EPA must 
have the opportunity to conduct SEA production line testing as if the 
vehicles had been produced after the effective date of the certificate.
    (f) Vehicles imported by an original equipment manufacturer after 
December 31 of the calendar year for which the model year is named are 
still covered by the certificate of conformity as long as the production 
of the vehicle was completed before December 31 of that year.
    (g) For test groups required to have an emission control diagnostic 
system, certification will not be granted if, for any emission data 
vehicle or other test vehicle approved by the Administrator in 
consultation with the manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does 
not illuminate under any of the circumstances described in Sec. 86.1806-
01(k)(1) through (6).
    (h) Vehicles equipped with aftertreatment technologies such as 
catalysts, otherwise covered by a certificate, which are driven outside 
the United States, Canada, and Mexico will be presumed to have been 
operated on leaded gasoline resulting in deactivation of such components 
as catalysts and oxygen sensors. If these vehicles are imported or 
offered for importation without retrofit of the catalyst or other 
aftertreatment technology, they will be considered not to be within the 
coverage of the certificate unless included in a catalyst or other 
aftertreatment technology control program operated by a manufacturer or 
a United States Government agency and approved by the Administrator.
    (i) For all light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks 
certified to NLEV standards under Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712, the 
following provisions apply:
    (1) All certificates issued are conditional upon manufacturer 
compliance with all provisions of Secs. 86.1710 through 86.1712 both 
during and after model year production.
    (2) Failure to meet the requirements of Sec. 86.1710(a) through (d) 
will be considered to be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which 
the certificate(s) was issued and the vehicles sold in violation of the 
fleet average NMOG standard shall not be covered by the certificate.
    (3) Failure to comply fully with the prohibition against a 
manufacturer selling credits that it has not generated or are not 
available, as specified in Sec. 86.1710(e), will be considered to be a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) was 
issued and the vehicles sold in violation of this prohibition shall not 
be covered by the certificate.
    (4) Failure to comply fully with the prohibition against offering 
for sale Tier 1 vehicles and TLEVs in the Northeast Trading Region, as 
defined in Sec. 86.1702, after model year 2000 if vehicles with the same 
test groups are not certified and offered for sale in California in the 
same model year, as specified in Sec. 86.1711(a), will be considered to 
be a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) was

[[Page 1116]]

issued and the vehicles sold in violation of this prohibition shall not 
be covered by the certificate.
    (5)(i) The Administrator will issue a National LEV certificate of 
conformity for 2000 model year vehicles or engines certified to comply 
with the California TLEV emission standards.
    (ii) This certificate of conformity shall be granted after the 
Administrator has received and reviewed the California Executive Order a 
manufacturer has received for the same vehicles or engines.
    (iii) Vehicles or engines receiving a certificate of conformity 
under the provisions in this paragraph can only be sold in the states 
included in the NTR, as defined in Sec. 86.1702, and those states where 
the sale of California-certified vehicles is otherwise authorized.
    (6) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied.
    (7) For recall and warranty purposes, vehicles not covered by a 
certificate because of a violation of these conditions of the 
certificate will continue to be held to the standards stated in the 
certificate that would have otherwise applied to the vehicles.

[64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 6866, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1849-01  Right of entry.

    (a) Any manufacturer who has applied for certification of a new 
motor vehicle subject to testing under this subpart, or any manufacturer 
or entity who conducts or causes to be conducted in-use verification or 
in-use confirmatory testing under this subpart, shall admit or cause to 
be admitted any EPA Enforcement Officer or any EPA authorized 
representative during operating hours on presentation of credentials to 
any of the following:
    (1) Any facility where any such certification or in-use verification 
or in-use confirmatory testing or any procedures or activities connected 
with such testing are or were performed.
    (2) Any facility where any new motor vehicle or test vehicle used 
for certification, in-use verification or in-use confirmatory testing 
which is being, was, or is to be tested is present.
    (3) Any facility where any construction process or assembly process 
used in the modification or build up of such a vehicle into a 
certification vehicle is taking place or has taken place.
    (4) Any facility where any record or other document relating to 
Sec. 86.1849-01(a) (1), (2), and/or (3) is located.
    (b) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (a) of 
this section, any EPA official or EPA authorized representative shall be 
allowed:
    (1) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of such procedures, 
activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, 
monitoring vehicle preconditioning, emissions tests and mileage (or 
service) accumulation, bench aging, maintenance, and vehicle soak and 
storage procedures, and to verify correlation or calibration of test 
equipment.
    (2) To inspect and make copies of any such records, designs, or 
other documents, including those records specified in Secs. 86.1843-01, 
86.1844-01, and 86.1847-01.
    (c) In order to allow the Administrator to determine whether or not 
production motor vehicles conform to the conditions upon which a 
certificate of conformity has been issued, or conform in all material 
respects to the design specifications which applied to those vehicles 
described in the certification application for which a certificate of 
conformity has been issued to standards prescribed under section 202 of 
the Act, any manufacturer shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA 
authorized representative on presentation of credentials to:
    (1) Any facility where any document, design, or procedure relating 
to the translation of the design and construction of engines and 
emission-related components described in the compliance application or 
used for certification testing into production vehicles is located or 
carried on; and
    (2) Any facility where any motor vehicles to be introduced into 
commerce are manufactured or assembled.
    (d) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (c) of 
this section, any EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA authorized 
representative shall be allowed:

[[Page 1117]]

    (1) To inspect and monitor any aspects of such manufacture or 
assembly and other procedures;
    (2) To inspect and make copies of any such records, documents or 
designs; and
    (3) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any such new 
motor vehicles and any component used in the assembly thereof that are 
reasonably related to the purpose of the entry.
    (e) Any EPA official or EPA authorized representative shall be 
furnished by those in charge of a facility being inspected with such 
reasonable assistance as he may request to help him discharge any 
function set forth in this paragraph. Each applicant for or recipient of 
certification is required to cause those in charge of a facility 
operated for its benefit to furnish such reasonable assistance without 
charge to EPA whether or not the applicant controls the facility.
    (f) The duty to admit or cause to be admitted any EPA Enforcement 
Officer or EPA authorized representative applies whether or not the 
applicant owns or controls the facility in question and applies both to 
domestic and to foreign manufacturers and facilities. EPA will not 
attempt to make any inspections which it has been informed that local 
law forbids. However, if local law makes it impossible to what is 
necessary to insure the accuracy of data generated at a facility, no 
informed judgment that a vehicle is certifiable or is covered by a 
certificate can properly be based on those data. It is the 
responsibility of the manufacturer to locate its testing and 
manufacturing facilities in jurisdictions where this situation will not 
arise.
    (g) For purposes of this section:
    (1) ``Presentation of credentials'' shall mean display of the 
document designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA 
authorized representative.
    (2) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities 
are concerned, ``operating hours'' shall mean all times during which 
personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of 
the area or facility and have access to it.
    (3) Where facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph 
(g)(2) of this section are concerned, ``operating hours'' shall mean all 
times during which an assembly line is in operation or all times during 
which testing, maintenance, mileage (or service) accumulation, 
production or compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity 
related to certification testing, to translation of designs from the 
test stage to the production stage, or to vehicle (or engine) 
manufacture or assembly is being carried out in a facility.
    (4) Reasonable assistance includes, but is not limited to, clerical, 
copying, interpretation and translation services, the making available 
upon request of personnel of the facility being inspected during their 
working hours to inform the EPA Enforcement Officer or EPA authorized 
representative of how the facility operates and to answer his questions, 
and the performance on request of emissions tests on any vehicle which 
is being, has been, or will be used for certification or in-use 
verification or confirmatory testing. Such tests shall be 
nondestructive, but may require appropriate mileage (or service) 
accumulation. A manufacturer may be compelled to cause the personal 
appearance of any employee at such a facility before an EPA Enforcement 
Officer or EPA authorized representative by written request for his 
appearance, signed by the Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation 
or the Assistant Administrator for Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, 
served on the manufacturer. Any such employee who has been instructed by 
the manufacturer to appear will be entitled to be accompanied, 
represented, and advised by counsel.



Sec. 86.1850-01  Denial, suspension or revocation of certificate of conformity.

    (a) If, after review of the manufacturer's application, request for 
certification, information obtained from any inspection, such other 
information as the Administrator may require, and any other pertinent 
data or information, the Administrator determines that one or more test 
vehicles do not

[[Page 1118]]

meet applicable requirements or standards of the Act or of this Part, 
the Administrator will notify the manufacturer in writing, setting forth 
the basis for the determination. The manufacturer may request a hearing 
on the Administrator's determination.
    (b) Notwithstanding the fact that the vehicles described in the 
application may comply with all other requirements of this subpart, the 
Administrator may deny issuance of, suspend, or revoke a previously 
issued certificate of conformity if the Administrator finds any one of 
the following infractions to be substantial:
    (1) The manufacturer submits false or incomplete information.
    (2) The manufacturer denies an EPA enforcement officer or EPA 
authorized representative the opportunity to conduct authorized 
inspections as required under Sec. 86.1849-01.
    (3) The manufacturer renders inaccurate any test data which it 
submits, or fails to make a good engineering judgment in accordance with 
Sec. 86.1851-01(c)(1).
    (4) The manufacturer denies an EPA enforcement officer or EPA 
authorized representative reasonable assistance as required in 
Sec. 86.1849-01.
    (5) The manufacturer fails to provide the records required in 
Sec. 86.1844-01 to the Administrator within the deadline set forth in 
the request for such information.
    (6) The manufacturer fails to comply with all conditions under which 
the certificate of conformity was granted as specified in 86.1848-01.
    (7) The manufacturer otherwise circumvents the intent of the Act or 
of this Part.
    (c) The manufacturer shall bear the burden of establishing to the 
satisfaction of the Administrator that the conditions upon which the 
certificate was issued were satisfied, or that any failure to satisfy a 
condition is not substantial.
    (d) If a manufacturer knowingly commits an infraction specified in 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(7) of this section, knowingly commits any 
fraudulent act which results in the issuance of a certificate of 
conformity, or fails to comply with the conditions specified in 
Sec. 86.1843-01, the Administrator may deem such certificate void ab 
initio.
    (e) When the Administrator denies, suspends, revokes, or voids ab 
initio a certificate, EPA will provide the manufacturer a written 
determination. The manufacturer may request a hearing under 
Sec. 86.1853-01 on the Administrator's decision.
    (f) Any suspension or revocation of a certificate of conformity 
shall extend no further than to forbid the introduction into commerce of 
vehicles previously covered by the certificate which are still in the 
possession of the manufacturer, except in cases of such fraud or other 
misconduct that makes the certification void ab initio.



Sec. 86.1851-01  Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.

    (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering judgment in 
making all decisions called for under this subpart, including but not 
limited to selections, categorizations, determinations, and applications 
of the requirements of the subpart.
    (b) Upon written request by the Administrator, the manufacturer 
shall provide within 15 working days (or such longer period as may be 
allowed by the Administrator) a written description of the engineering 
judgment in question.
    (c) The Administrator may reject any such decision by a manufacturer 
if it is not based on good engineering judgment, or is otherwise 
inconsistent with the requirements of this subpart.
    (d) If the Administrator rejects a decision by a manufacturer with 
respect to the exercise of good engineering judgment, the following 
provisions shall apply:
    (1) If the Administrator determines that incorrect information was 
deliberately used in the decision process, that important information 
was deliberately overlooked, that the decision was not made in good 
faith, or that the decision was not made with a rational basis, the 
Administrator may suspend or void ab initio a certificate of conformity.
    (2) If the Administrator determines that the manufacturer's decision 
does

[[Page 1119]]

not meet the provisions of paragraph(d)(1) of this section, but that a 
different decision would reflect a better exercise of good engineering 
judgment, then the Administrator will notify the manufacturer of this 
concern and the basis thereof.
    (i) The manufacturer shall have at least 30 days to respond to this 
notice. The Administrator may extend this response period upon request 
from the manufacturer if it is necessary to generate additional data for 
the manufacturer's response.
    (ii) The Administrator shall make the final ruling after considering 
the information provided by the manufacturer during the response period. 
If the Administrator determines that the manufacturer's decision was not 
made using good engineering judgment, he/she may reject that decision 
and apply the new ruling to future corresponding decisions as soon as 
practicable.
    (e) The Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing 
regarding any decision reached under paragraph (d)(1) or (2) of this 
section. The Administrator shall include in this notification the basis 
for reaching the determination.
    (f) Within 30 working days following receipt of notification of the 
Administrator's determinations made under paragraph (d) of this section, 
the manufacturer may request a hearing on those determinations. The 
request shall be in writing, signed by an authorized representative of 
the manufacturer, and shall include a statement specifying the 
manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determinations, and 
data or other analysis in support of such objections. If, after review 
of the request and supporting data or analysis, the Administrator finds 
that the request raises a substantial factual issue, he/she shall 
provide the manufacturer a hearing in accordance with Sec. 86.1853-01 
with respect to such issue.



Sec. 86.1852-01  Waivers for good in-use emission performance.

    (a) The Administrator may waive requirements of this subpart 
relating to development of emission-related information or test data if 
the Administrator determines with confidence that the in-use emission 
test verification data required in Sec. 86.1845-01 are below the 
applicable emission standards for an appropriate period of time, and 
that such performance is likely to continue in subsequent model years.
    (b) Any waiver granted under paragraph (a) of this section will be 
granted only if the Administrator determines that the waived requirement 
is not needed to assure continued emission compliance and the 
Administrator will have sufficient testing and other information in 
order to make certification decisions.
    (c) Any waiver granted under paragraph (a) of this section would be 
limited in duration to a period of one model year, unless extended by 
the Administrator as a result of continued demonstrations of good in-use 
emission performance.
    (d) The Administrator reserves the right to deny or revoke a waiver 
which may have been granted if he/she determines that the manufacturer 
no longer qualifies for the waiver.



Sec. 86.1853-01  Certification hearings.

    (a)(1) After granting a request for a hearing under this subpart, 
the Administrator shall designate a Presiding Officer for the hearing.
    (2) The hearing shall be held as soon as practicable at a time and 
place fixed by the Administrator or by the Presiding Officer.
    (3) In the case of any hearing requested pursuant to Sec. 86.1850-
01(e), the Administrator may in his discretion direct that all argument 
and presentation of evidence be concluded within such fixed period not 
less than 30 days as he may establish from the date that the first 
written offer of a hearing is made to the manufacturer. To expedite 
proceedings, the Administrator may direct that the decision of the 
Presiding Officer (who may, but need not be the Administrator) shall be 
the final EPA decision.
    (b)(1) Upon appointment pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section, 
the Presiding Officer will establish a hearing file. The file shall 
consist of the notice issued by the Administrator together with any 
accompanying material, the request for a hearing and the supporting data 
submitted therewith, and

[[Page 1120]]

all documents relating to the request for certification and all 
documents submitted therewith, and correspondence and other data 
material to the hearing.
    (2) The hearing file will be available for inspection by the 
applicant at the office of the Presiding Officer.
    (c) An applicant may appear in person, or may be represented by 
counsel or by any other duly authorized representative.
    (d)(1) The Presiding Officer upon the request of any party, or in 
his discretion, may arrange for a prehearing conference at a time and 
place specified by him to consider the following:
    (i) Simplification of the issues;
    (ii) Stipulations, admissions of fact, and the introduction of 
documents;
    (iii) Limitation of the number of expert witnesses;
    (iv) Possibility of agreement disposing of all or any of the issues 
in dispute;
    (v) Such other matters as may aid in the disposition of the hearing, 
including such additional tests as may be agreed upon by the parties.
    (2) The results of the conference shall be reduced to writing by the 
Presiding Officer and made part of the record.
    (e)(1) Hearings shall be conducted by the Presiding Officer in an 
informal but orderly and expeditious manner. The parties may offer oral 
or written evidence, subject to the exclusion by the Presiding Officer 
of irrelevant, immaterial and repetitious evidence.
    (2) Witnesses will not be required to testify under oath. However, 
the Presiding Officer shall call to the attention of witnesses that 
their statements may be subject to the provisions of title 18 U.S.C. 
1001 which imposes penalties for knowingly making false statements or 
representations, or using false documents in any matter within the 
jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States.
    (3) Any witness may be examined or cross-examined by the Presiding 
Officer, the parties, or their representatives.
    (4) Hearings shall be reported verbatim. Copies of transcripts of 
proceedings may be purchased by the applicant from the reporter.
    (5) All written statements, charts, tabulations, and similar data 
offered in evidence at the hearings shall, upon a showing satisfactory 
to the Presiding Officer of their authenticity, relevancy, and 
materiality, be received in evidence and shall constitute a part of the 
record.
    (6) Oral argument may be permitted in the discretion of the 
Presiding Officer and shall be reported as part of the record unless 
otherwise ordered by the Presiding Officer.
    (f)(1) The Presiding Officer shall make an initial decision which 
shall include written findings and conclusions and the reasons or basis 
therefor on all the material issues of fact, law, or discretion 
presented on the record. The findings, conclusions, and written decision 
shall be provided to the parties and made a part of the record. The 
initial decision shall become the decision of the Administrator without 
further proceedings unless there is an appeal to the Administrator or 
motion for review by the Administrator within 20 days of the date the 
initial decision was filed.
    (2) On appeal from or review of the initial decision the 
Administrator shall have all the powers which he would have in making 
the initial decision including the discretion to require or allow 
briefs, oral argument, the taking of additional evidence or the 
remanding to the Presiding Officer for additional proceedings. The 
decision by the Administrator shall include written findings and 
conclusions and the reasons or basis therefor on all the material issues 
of fact, law, or discretion presented on the appeal or considered in the 
review.



Secs. 86.1854-86.1859  [Reserved]



Sec. 86.1860-04  How to comply with the Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 fleet average NOX standards.

    (a) The fleet average standards referred to in this section are the 
corporate fleet average standards for FTP exhaust NOX 
emissions set forth in: Sec. 86.1811-04(d) for Tier 2 LDV/Ts and MDPVs 
(0.07 g/mi); Sec. 86.1811-04(l)(3) for interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs 
(0.30 g/mi); and, Sec. 86.1811-04(l)(3) for interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/
MDPVs (0.20 g/mi).

[[Page 1121]]

Unless otherwise indicated in this section, the provisions of this 
section apply to all three corporate fleet average standards, except 
that the interim non-Tier 2 fleet average NOX standards do 
not apply to a manufacturer whose U.S. LDV/T and MDPV sales are 100% 
Tier 2 LDV/Ts and MDPVs.
    (b)(1) Each manufacturer must comply with the applicable fleet 
average NOX standard, or standards, on a sales weighted 
average basis, at the end of each model year, using the procedure 
described in this section.
    (2) During a phase-in year, the manufacturer must comply with the 
applicable fleet average NOX standard for the required phase-
in percentage for that year as specified in Sec. 86.1811-04(k)(1), or 
for the alternate phase-in percentage as permitted under Sec. 86.1811-
04(k)(6).
    (c)(1)(i) Each manufacturer must separately compute the sales 
weighted averages of the individual NOX emission standards to 
which it certified all its Tier 2 vehicles, interim non-Tier 2 LDV/
LLDTs, and interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs of a given model year as 
described in Sec. 86.1804(l)(2).
    (ii) For model years up to and including 2008, manufacturers must 
compute separate NOX fleet averages for Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and 
Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs.
    (2)(i) For model years up to and including 2008, if a manufacturer 
certifies its entire U.S. sales of Tier 2 or interim non-Tier 2 LDV/
LLDTs or interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs, to full useful life bins having 
NOX standards at or below the applicable fleet average 
NOX standard, that manufacturer may elect not to compute a 
fleet average NOX level for that category of vehicles. A 
manufacturer making such an election must not generate NOX 
credits for that category of vehicles for that model year.
    (ii) For model years after 2008, if a manufacturer certifies its 
entire U.S. sales of Tier 2 vehicles to full useful life bins having 
NOX standards at or below 0.07 gpm, that manufacturer may 
elect not to compute a fleet average NOX level for its Tier 2 
vehicles. A manufacturer making such an election must not generate 
NOX credits for that model year.
    (d) The sales weighted NOX fleet averages determined 
pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section must be compared with the 
applicable fleet average standard; 0.07 g/mi for NOX for Tier 
2 LDV/Ts and MDPVs, 0.30 g/mi for NOX for interim non-Tier 2 
LDV/LLDTs, and 0.20 g/mi for NOx for interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs. Each 
manufacturer must comply on an annual basis with the fleet average 
standards by:
    (1) Showing that its sales weighted average NOX emissions 
of its LDV/LLDTs, HLDT/MDPVs or LDV/Ts, as applicable, are at or below 
the applicable fleet average standard; or
    (2) If the sales weighted average is not at or below the applicable 
fleet average standard, by obtaining and applying sufficient Tier 2 
NOX credits, interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDT NOX 
credits or interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV NOX credits, as 
appropriate, and as permitted under Sec. 86.1861-04.
    (i) Manufacturers may not use NMOG credits generated under the NLEV 
program in subpart R of this part to meet any Tier 2 or interim non-Tier 
2 NOX fleet average standard.
    (ii) Tier 2 NOX credits may not be used to meet any fleet 
average interim non-Tier 2 NOX standard except as permitted 
by Sec. 86.1860-04(e)(1).
    (iii) Interim non-Tier 2 NOX credits may not be used to 
meet the Tier 2 fleet average NOX standard.
    (iv) Interim non-Tier 2 NOX credits from HLDT/MDPVs may 
not be used to meet the fleet average NOX standard for 
interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs, and interim non-Tier 2 credits from LDV/
LLDTs may not be used to meet the fleet average NOX standard 
for interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs.
    (e) (1) Manufacturers that cannot meet the requirements of paragraph 
(d) of this section, may carry forward a credit deficit for three model 
years, but must not carry such deficit into the fourth year. When 
applying credits to reduce or eliminate a deficit under the fleet 
average standard for interim LDV/LLDTs or interim HLDT/MDPVs, that has 
been carried forward into a year subsequent to its generation, a 
manufacturer may apply credits from Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs or Tier 2 HLDT/
MDPVs, respectively, as well as from the appropriate group of interim 
vehicles. A manufacturer must not use interim credits to reduce or 
eliminate

[[Page 1122]]

any NOX credit deficit under the Tier 2 fleet average 
standard.
    (2) A manufacturer carrying a credit deficit into the third year 
must generate or obtain credits to offset that deficit and apply them to 
the deficit at a rate of 1.2:1, (i.e. deficits carried into the third 
model year must be repaid with credits equal to 120 percent of the 
deficit).
    (3) A manufacturer must not bank credits for future model years or 
trade credits to another manufacturer during a model year into which it 
has carried a deficit.
    (f) Computing fleet average NOX emissions. (1) 
Manufacturers must separately compute these fleet NOX 
averages using the equation contained in paragraph (f)(2) of this 
section:
    (i) Their Tier 2 LDV/LLDT and Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV fleet average 
NOX emissions for each model year through 2008;
    (ii) Their combined Tier 2 LDV/T and MDPV fleet average 
NOX emissions for each model year after 2008;
    (iii) Their interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDT fleet average NOX 
emissions for each model year through 2006; and
    (iv) Their interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV fleet average NOX 
emissions for each model year through 2008.
    (2) The equation for computing fleet average NOX 
emissions is as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR10FE00.012


Where:
N = The number of vehicles sold in the applicable category that were 
certified for each corresponding NOX emission bin. N must be 
based on vehicles counted to the point of first sale.
Emission standard = The individual full useful life NOX 
emission standard for each bin for which the manufacturer had sales.

    (3) The results of the calculation in paragraph (f)(2) of this 
section must be rounded as required by Sec. 86.1837-01.
    (4) When approved in advance by the Administrator, the numerator in 
the equation in paragraph (f)(2) of this section may be adjusted 
downward by the product of the number of HEVs from each NOX 
emission bin times a HEV NOX contribution factor determined 
through mathematical estimation of the reduction in NOX 
emissions over the test procedure used to certify the HEVs. The 
reduction in NOX emissions must be determined using good 
engineering judgement and reflect the relation in actual full useful 
life NOX emissions to the full useful life NOX 
standards for the certification bin applicable to the vehicles. The 
Administrator may require that calculation of the HEV NOX 
contribution factor include vehicle parameters such as vehicle weight, 
portion of time during the test procedure that the HEV operates with 
zero exhaust emissions, zero emission range, NOX emissions 
from fuel-fired heaters and NOX emissions from electricity 
production and storage.
    (g) Additional credits for vehicles certified to 150,000 mile useful 
lives. (1) A manufacturer may certify any test group to an optional 
useful life of 15 years or 150,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
    (2)(i) For any test group certified to the optional 15 year/150,000 
mile useful life, the manufacturer may generate additional 
NOX credits, except as prohibited in paragraph (g)(3) of this 
section.
    (ii) The manufacturer must calculate these extra NOX 
credits, where permitted, by substituting an adjusted NOX 
standard for the applicable NOX standard from the full useful 
life certification bin when it calculates the applicable fleet average 
NOX emissions by the procedure in paragraph (f) of this 
section. The adjusted standard must be equal to the applicable full 
useful life NOX standard multiplied by 0.85 and rounded to 
the same number of

[[Page 1123]]

decimal places as the applicable full useful life NOX 
standard.
    (3) A manufacturer electing not to comply with applicable 
intermediate life standards as permitted under Sec. 86.1811-04(c)(4) may 
not generate additional credits from vehicles certified to a useful life 
of 15 years/150,000 miles; except that, for bins where such intermediate 
life standards do not exist or are specifically deemed to be optional in 
Sec. 86.1811-04(c)(4), the manufacturer may generate additional 
NOX credits from vehicles certified to a useful life of 15 
years/150,000 miles.
    (h) Additional credits for vehicles certified to low bins. A 
manufacturer may obtain additional NOX credits by certifying 
vehicles to bins 1 and/or 2 in model years from 2001 through 2005 
subject to the following requirements:
    (1) When computing the fleet average Tier 2 NOX emissions 
using the formula in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the manufacturer 
may multiply the number (N) of vehicles certified to bins 1 and 2 by the 
applicable multiplier shown in Table S04-11. These multipliers may not 
be used after model year 2005. The table follows:

  Table S04-11--Multipliers for Additional Tier 2 NOX Credits for Bin 1
                              and 2 LDV/Ts.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Bin                      Model year         Multiplier
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.................................  2001, 2002, 2003,                1.5
                                     2004, 2005.
1.................................  2001, 2002, 2003,                2.0
                                     2004, 2005.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) [Reserved]

[65 FR 6866, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1861-04  How do the Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 NOX averaging, banking and trading programs work?

    (a) General provisions for Tier 2 credits and debits. (1) A 
manufacturer whose Tier 2 fleet average NOX emissions exceeds 
the 0.07 g/mile standard must complete the calculation at paragraph (b) 
of this section to determine the size of its NOX credit 
deficit. A manufacturer whose Tier 2 fleet average NOX 
emissions is less than or equal to the 0.07 g/mile standard must 
complete the calculation in paragraph (b) of this section if it desires 
to generate NOX credits. In either case, the number of 
credits or debits determined in the calculation at paragraph (b) of this 
section must be rounded to the nearest whole number.
    (2) Credits generated according to the calculation in paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section may be banked for future use or traded to another 
manufacturer.
    (3) NOX credits are not subject to any discount or 
expiration date except as required under the deficit carryforward 
provisions of Sec. 86.1860-04(e)(2).
    (4) If a manufacturer calculates that it has negative credits 
(debits or a credit deficit) for a given model year, it must obtain 
sufficient credits, as required under Sec. 86.1860-04(e)(2), from 
vehicles produced by itself or another manufacturer in a model year no 
later than the third model year following the model year for which it 
calculated the credit deficit. (Example: if a manufacturer calculates 
that it has a NOX credit deficit for the 2008 model year, it 
must obtain sufficient NOX credits to offset that deficit 
from its own production or that of other manufacturers' 2011 or earlier 
model year vehicles.)
    (5) A small volume manufacturer that has opted not to meet all 
phase-in requirements as permitted under Sec. 86.1811-04(k)(5), must:
    (i) Demonstrate compliance or obtain appropriate credits to comply 
with the 0.30 g/mi. fleet average NOX standard for interim 
LDV/LLDTs for 100% of its LDV/LLDTs in 2004, in order to carry forward a 
credit deficit for later model year interim LDV/LLDTs; and
    (ii) Demonstrate compliance or obtain appropriate credits to comply 
with the 0.07 g/mi. fleet average NOX standard for 100% of 
its LDV/LLDTs in 2007, in order to carry forward a credit deficit for 
later model year Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs; and
    (iii) Demonstrate compliance or obtain appropriate credits to comply 
with the 0.20 g/mi. fleet average interim NOX standard for 
100% of its HLDT/MDPVs in 2007, in order to carry forward a credit 
deficit for later model year interim HLDT/MDPVs.
    (6)(i) Manufacturers may not use NOX credits to comply 
with the NLEV requirements of subpart R of this part.
    (ii) Manufacturers may not use NMOG credits generated by vehicles 
certified to the NLEV requirements of

[[Page 1124]]

subpart R of this part to comply with any NOX requirements of 
this subpart.
    (iii) Manufacturers may not use NOX credits generated by 
interim non-Tier 2 vehicles to comply with the fleet average 
NOX standard for Tier 2 vehicles.
    (iv) Manufacturers may not use NOX credits generated by 
Tier 2 vehicles to comply with any fleet average NOX standard 
for interim non-Tier 2 vehicles, except as permitted under Sec. 86.1860-
04(e).
    (v) Manufacturers may not use NOX credits generated by 
interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs to comply with the fleet average 
NOX standard for interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs.
    (vi) Manufacturers may not use NOX credits generated by 
interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs to comply with the fleet average 
NOX standard for interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs.
    (vii) Manufacturers may not use NOX credits generated by 
Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs to comply with the Tier 2 NOX average 
standard for HLDT/MDPVs before the 2009 model year.
    (viii) Manufacturers may not use NOX credits generated by 
Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs to comply with the Tier 2 NOX average 
standard for LDV/LLDTs before the 2009 model year.
    (7) Manufacturers may bank Tier 2 NOX credits for later 
use to meet the Tier 2 fleet average NOX standard or trade 
them to another manufacturer. Credits are earned on the last day of the 
model year. Before trading or carrying over credits to the next model 
year, a manufacturer must apply available credits to offset any credit 
deficit, where the deadline to offset that credit deficit has not yet 
passed.
    (8) There are no property rights associated with NOX 
credits generated under this subpart. Credits are a limited 
authorization to emit the designated amount of emissions. Nothing in 
this Part or any other provision of law should be construed to limit 
EPA's authority to terminate or limit this authorization through a 
rulemaking.
    (b) Calculating Tier 2 credits and debits. (1) Manufacturers that 
achieve fleet average NOX values from the calculation in 
Sec. 86.1860-04(f), lower than the applicable fleet average 
NOX standard, may generate credits for a given model year, in 
units of vehicle-g/mi NOX, determined in this equation:

[(Fleet Average NOX Standard)-(Manufacturer's Fleet Average 
NOX Value)] + (Total number of Tier 2 Vehicles Sold, 
Including ZEVs and HEVs)

Where: The number of Tier 2 vehicles sold is based on the point of first 
sale and does not include vehicles sold in California or a state that 
adopts, and has in effect for that model year, California emission 
requirements.
    (2) Where the result of the calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section is a negative number, the manufacturer must generate negative 
NOX credits (debits).
    (c) Early banking. (1)(i) Manufacturers may certify LDV/LLDTs to the 
Tier 2 FTP exhaust standards in Sec. 86.1811-04 for model years 2001-
2003 in order to bank credits for use in the 2004 and later model years. 
Such vehicles must also meet SFTP exhaust emission standards specified 
in Sec. 86.1811-04.
    (ii) Manufacturers may certify HLDT/MDPVs to the Tier 2 FTP exhaust 
standards in Sec. 86.1811-04 for model years 2001-2007 in order to bank 
credits for use in the 2008 and later model years. Such vehicles must 
also meet applicable SFTP exhaust emission standards specified in 
Sec. 86.1811-04.
    (iii) This process is referred to as ``early banking'' and the 
resultant credits are referred to as ''early credits''. In order to bank 
early credits, a manufacturer must comply with all exhaust emission 
standards and requirements applicable to Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and/or HLDT/
MDPVs, as applicable, except as allowed under paragraph (c)(4) of this 
section.
    (2) To generate early credits, a manufacturer must separately 
compute the sales weighted NOX average of the LDV/LLDTs and 
HLDT/MDPVs it certifies to the Tier 2 exhaust requirements and 
separately compute credits using the calculations in this section and in 
Sec. 86.1860-04.
    (3) Early HLDT/MDPV credits may not be applied to LDV/LLDTs before 
the 2009 model year. Early LDV/LLDT credits may not be applied to HLDT/
MDPVs before the 2009 model year.
    (4) Manufacturers may generate early Tier 2 credits from LDVs, LDT1s 
and

[[Page 1125]]

LDT2s that are certified to a full useful life of 100,000 miles, 
provided that the credits are prorated by a multiplicative factor of 
0.833 (the quotient of 100,000/120,000). Where a manufacturer has both 
100,000 and 120,000 mile full useful life vehicles for which it desires 
to bank early credits, it must compute the credits from each group of 
vehicles separately and then add them together.
    (5) Manufacturers may bank early credits for later use to meet the 
Tier 2 fleet average NOX standard or trade them to another 
manufacturer subject to the restriction in paragraph (c)(3) of this 
section.
    (6) Early credits must not be used to comply with the fleet average 
NOX standards for interim non-Tier 2 vehicles.
    (7) Nothing in this section prevents the use of the NMOG values of 
2003 and earlier model year LDV/LLDTs from being used in calculations of 
the NMOG fleet average and subsequent NMOG credit generation, under 
subpart R of this part.
    (d) Reporting and recordkeeping for Tier 2 NOX credits 
including early credits. Each manufacturer must comply with the 
reporting and recordkeeping requirements of Sec. 86.1862-04.
    (e) Fleet average NOX debits. (1) Manufacturers must 
offset any debits for a given model year by the fleet average 
NOX reporting deadline for the third model year following the 
model year in which the debits were generated as required in 
Sec. 86.1860.04(e)(2). Manufacturers may offset debits by generating 
credits or acquiring credits generated by another manufacturer.
    (2)(i) Failure to meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) through 
(d) of this section and of this paragraph (e), within the required 
timeframe for offsetting debits will be considered to be a failure to 
satisfy the conditions upon which the certificate(s) was issued and the 
individual noncomplying vehicles not covered by the certificate must be 
determined according to this section.
    (ii) If debits are not offset within the specified time period, the 
number of vehicles not meeting the fleet average NOX 
standards and not covered by the certificate must be calculated by 
dividing the total amount of debits for the model year by the fleet 
average NOX standard applicable for the model year in which 
the debits were first incurred.
    (iii) EPA will determine the vehicles for which the condition on the 
certificate was not satisfied by designating vehicles in those test 
groups with the highest certification NOX emission values 
first and continuing until a number of vehicles equal to the calculated 
number of noncomplying vehicles as determined above is reached. If this 
calculation determines that only a portion of vehicles in a test group 
contribute to the debit situation, then EPA will designate actual 
vehicles in that test group as not covered by the certificate, starting 
with the last vehicle produced and counting backwards.
    (3) If a manufacturer ceases production of LDV/Ts and MDPVs or is 
purchased by, merges with or otherwise combines with another 
manufacturer, the manufacturer continues to be responsible for 
offsetting any debits outstanding within the required time period. Any 
failure to offset the debits will be considered to be a violation of 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section and may subject the manufacturer to an 
enforcement action for sale of vehicles not covered by a certificate, 
pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
    (4) For purposes of calculating the statute of limitations, a 
violation of the requirements of paragraph (e)(1) of this section, a 
failure to satisfy the conditions upon which a certificate(s) was issued 
and hence a sale of vehicles not covered by the certificate, all occur 
upon the expiration of the deadline for offsetting debits specified in 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
    (f) NOX credit transfers. (1) EPA may reject 
NOX credit transfers if the involved manufacturers fail to 
submit the credit transfer notification in the annual report.
    (2) A manufacturer may not sell credits that are not available for 
sale pursuant to the provisions in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(7) of this 
section.
    (3) In the event of a negative credit balance resulting from a 
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases 
involving fraud. EPA may void ab initio the certificates of conformity 
of all engine families participating in such a trade.

[[Page 1126]]

    (4)(i) If a manufacturer transfers a credit that it has not 
generated pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section or acquired from 
another party, the manufacturer will be considered to have generated a 
debit in the model year that the manufacturer transferred the credit. 
The manufacturer must offset such debits by the deadline for the annual 
report for that same model year.
    (ii) Failure to offset the debits within the required time period 
will be considered a failure to satisfy the conditions upon which the 
certificate(s) was issued and will be addressed pursuant to paragraph 
(e) of this section.
    (g) Interim non-Tier 2 NOX credits and debits; Interim 
non-Tier 2 averaging, banking and trading. Interim non-Tier 2 
NOX credits must be generated, calculated, tracked, averaged, 
banked, traded, accounted for and reported upon separately from Tier 2 
credits. The provisions of this section applicable to Tier 2 
NOX credits and debits and Tier 2 averaging banking and 
trading are applicable to interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and interim non-
Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs with the following exceptions:
    (1) Provisions for early banking under paragraph (c) of this section 
do not apply.
    (2) The fleet average NOX standard used for calculating 
credits is 0.30 grams per mile for interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs and 0.20 
g/mi for interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs. (The interim non-Tier 2 
NOX standard of 0.30 (or 0.20) g/mi replaces 0.07 in the text 
and calculation in this section.)
    (3) Interim non-Tier 2 NOX credit deficits may be carried 
forward for three years subject to the requirements of Sec. 86.1860-
04(e).

[65 FR 6868, Feb. 10, 2000]



Sec. 86.1862-04  Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance with fleet average NOX standards.

    (a) Maintenance of records. (1) The manufacturer producing any 
light-duty vehicles and/or light-duty trucks subject to the provisions 
in this subpart must establish, maintain, and retain the following 
information in adequately organized and indexed records for each model 
year:
    (i) Model year;
    (ii) Applicable fleet average NOX standard: 0.07g/mi for 
Tier 2 LDV/Ts; 0.30 g/mi for interim non-Tier 2 LDV/LLDTs; or 0.20 g/mi 
for interim non-Tier 2 HLDT/MDPVs;
    (iii) Fleet average NOX value achieved; and
    (iv) All values used in calculating the fleet average NOX 
value achieved.
    (2) The manufacturer producing any LDV/Ts or MDPVs subject to the 
provisions in this subpart must establish, maintain, and retain the 
following information in adequately organized and indexed records for 
each LDV/T or MDPV subject to this subpart:
    (i) Model year;
    (ii) Applicable fleet average NOX standard;
    (iii) EPA test group;
    (iv) Assembly plant;
    (v) Vehicle identification number;
    (vi) NOX standard to which the LDV/T or MDPV is 
certified; and
    (vii) Information on the point of first sale, including the 
purchaser, city, and state.
    (3) The manufacturer must retain all records required to be 
maintained under this section for a period of eight years from the due 
date for the annual report. Records may be retained as hard copy or 
reduced to microfilm, ADP diskettes, and so forth, depending on the 
manufacturer's record retention procedure; provided, that in every case 
all information contained in the hard copy is retained.
    (4) Nothing in this section limits the Administrator's discretion to 
require the manufacturer to retain additional records or submit 
information not specifically required by this section.
    (5) Pursuant to a request made by the Administrator, the 
manufacturer must submit to the Administrator the information that the 
manufacturer is required to retain.
    (6) EPA may void ab initio a certificate of conformity for a vehicle 
certified to emission standards as set forth or otherwise referenced in 
this subpart for which the manufacturer fails to retain the records 
required in this section or to provide such information to the 
Administrator upon request.

[[Page 1127]]

    (b) Reporting. (1) Each covered manufacturer must submit an annual 
report. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the 
annual report must contain, for each applicable fleet average 
NOX standard, the fleet average NOX value 
achieved, all values required to calculate the NOX value, the 
number of credits generated or debits incurred, and all the values 
required to calculate the credits or debits. The annual report must 
contain the resulting balance of credits or debits.
    (2) When a manufacturer calculates compliance with the fleet average 
NOX standard using the provisions in Sec. 86.1860-04(c)(2), 
then the annual report must state that the manufacturer has elected to 
use such provision and must contain the fleet average NOX 
standard as the fleet average NOX value for that model year.
    (3) For each applicable fleet average NOX standard, the 
annual report must also include documentation on all credit transactions 
the manufacturer has engaged in since those included in the last report. 
Information for each transaction must include:
    (i) Name of credit provider;
    (ii) Name of credit recipient;
    (iii) Date the transfer occurred;
    (iv) Quantity of credits transferred; and
    (v) Model year in which the credits were earned.
    (4) Unless a manufacturer reports the data required by this section 
in the annual production report required under Sec. 86.1844-01(e) and 
subsequent model year provisions, a manufacturer must submit an annual 
report for each model year after production ends for all affected 
vehicles and trucks produced by the manufacturer subject to the 
provisions of this subpart and no later than May 1 of the calendar year 
following the given model year. Annual reports must be submitted to: 
Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.
    (5) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the annual report in the 
specified time period for all vehicles and trucks subject to the 
provisions in this section is a violation of section 203(a)(1) of the 
Clean Air Act for each subject vehicle and truck produced by that 
manufacturer.
    (6) If EPA or the manufacturer determines that a reporting error 
occurred on an annual report previously submitted to EPA, the 
manufacturer's credit or debit calculations will be recalculated. EPA 
may void erroneous credits, unless transferred, and must adjust 
erroneous debits. In the case of transferred erroneous credits, EPA must 
adjust the selling manufacturer's credit or debit balance to reflect the 
sale of such credits and any resulting generation of debits.
    (c) Notice of opportunity for hearing. Any voiding of the 
certificate under paragraph (a)(6) of this section will be made only 
after EPA has offered the manufacturer concerned an opportunity for a 
hearing conducted in accordance with Sec. 86.614 for light-duty vehicles 
or Sec. 86.1014 for light-duty trucks and, if a manufacturer requests 
such a hearing, will be made only after an initial decision by the 
Presiding Officer.

[65 FR 6869, Feb. 10, 2000]

   Appendix I to Subpart S to Part 86--Vehicle Procurement Methodology

    I. Test Sampling: The master owner list will be obtained from 
manufacturer records or owner registration lists. The list shall include 
all vehicle configurations of the target reality check test group within 
the selected mailing area. The mailing area shall be within a radius of 
at least 20 miles from the test site.
    II. Selection Guidelines: The manufacturer or their representative 
shall make a reasonable effort to contact potential participants. 
Solicitation letters will be sent to potential participants in the order 
of their appearance on a randomized master owner list. The manufacturer 
or their representative shall perform the following steps:
    (a) The manufacturer or their representative shall mail solicitation 
letters in batches. The size of each batch is at least five times the 
required number of vehicles to be tested for the group that year. First 
class mail shall be used.
    (b) If the response rate is less than 20% after two to four weeks, 
the manufacturer or their representative shall make one more attempt and 
send a new solicitation package to the potential participants who have 
not yet responded.
    (c) A telephone questionnaire will be conducted on a random 
selection of returned, positive-response postcards.

[[Page 1128]]

    (d) If the required number of vehicles is not obtained, additional 
solicitation letters shall be sent to the next batch of potential 
participants in the order of their appearance on a randomized master 
owner list until the required number of vehicles are procured.
    (e) Alternative selection methods may be used with advanced approval 
from the Administrator.
    III. Vehicles Not Available: Vehicles may not be available or will 
not be pursued for procurement for the following reasons:
    (a) The potential participant response indicates ``not willing to 
participate.''
    (b) The customer has moved out of the area.
    (c) The solicitation letter is undeliverable.
    (d) The customer did not respond after two attempts.
    (e) The vehicle is not in the appropriate mileage or age category.

    Appendix II to Subpart S to Part 86--As-Received Testing Vehicle 
                           Rejection Criteria

    1. The odometer is inoperative, has been replaced, or the indicated 
mileage is outside the target range.
    2. The emission system of the vehicle has been obviously tampered or 
the vehicle has been operated on leaded fuel. A manufacturer may request 
a vehicle be rejected because of the addition of an aftermarket security 
system if the manufacturer establishes that the installation would make 
that vehicle's emissions unrepresentative.
    3. The vehicle has been used for severe duty (trailer towing for 
passenger cars, snow plowing, racing)
    4. The vehicle has a history of extensive collision damage or major 
engine repair (piston, crank, cylinder head, engine block).
    5. The vehicle exhibits ominous noises or serious fluid leaks from 
the engine or transmission, a modified exhaust system, (headers, side 
pipes, aftermarket catalysts, etc) or an exhaust system with an audible 
leak.
    6. Testing the vehicle could endanger the safety of the vehicle, 
test facility, or individuals conducting the testing.
    7. The MIL light is flashing (severe misfire indication).
    8. Other items with prior agency approval.

      Appendix III to Subpart S to Part 86--As-Received Inspection

    Items to be recorded at time of Initial Inspection of Vehicle--

1. Date of Inspection
3. Test Group
4. Evaporative/refueling Family
5. Vehicle model
6. Odometer Reading
7. Build Date
8. MIL light on/off status
9. Readiness code status
10. Stored OBD codes
11.Any conditions referenced in Appendix II to this subpart which result 
in vehicle being rejected from program.



    Subpart AA--Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for Part 86



Sec. 86.2500  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    All reporting and recordkeeping requirements contained in part 86, 
except for those requirements contained in subparts G and K, have been 
approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 
2060-0104.


(Secs. 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 301a, Clean Air Act, as amended; 42 
U.S.C. 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, 7542, 7601a)

[50 FR 10648, Mar. 15, 1985]

           Appendix I to Part 86--Urban Dynamometer Schedules

    (a) EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles 
and Light-Duty Trucks.

                                              EPA Urban Dynamometer
                                                Driving Schedule
                                          [Speed versus Time Sequence]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Speed                             Speed                            Speed
            Time (sec.)              (m.p.h.)        Time (sec.)       (m.p.h.)       Time (sec.)       (m.p.h.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0..................................       0.0  1.....................       0.0  2....................       0.0
3..................................       0.0  4.....................       0.0  5....................       0.0
6..................................       0.0  7.....................       0.0  8....................       0.0
9..................................       0.0  10....................       0.0  11...................       0.0
12.................................       0.0  13....................       0.0  14...................       0.0
15.................................       0.0  16....................       0.0  17...................       0.0
18.................................       0.0  19....................       0.0  20...................       0.0
21.................................       3.0  22....................       5.9  23...................       8.6
24.................................      11.5  25....................      14.3  26...................      16.9
27.................................      17.3  28....................      18.1  29...................      20.7
30.................................      21.7  31....................      22.4  32...................      22.5
33.................................      22.1  34....................      21.5  35...................      20.9
36.................................      20.4  37....................      19.8  38...................      17.0
39.................................      14.9  40....................      14.9  41...................      15.2
42.................................      15.5  43....................      16.0  44...................      17.1
45.................................      19.1  46....................      21.1  47...................      22.7
48.................................      22.9  49....................      22.7  50...................      22.6
51.................................      21.3  52....................      19.0  53...................      17.1
54.................................      15.8  55....................      15.8  56...................      17.7
57.................................      19.8  58....................      21.6  59...................      23.2
60.................................      24.2  61....................      24.6  62...................      24.9
63.................................      25.0  64....................      24.6  65...................      24.5
66.................................      24.7  67....................      24.8  68...................      24.7
69.................................      24.6  70....................      24.6  71...................      25.1
72.................................      25.6  73....................      25.7  74...................      25.4
75.................................      24.9  76....................      25.0  77...................      25.4
78.................................      26.0  79....................      26.0  80...................      25.7
81.................................      26.1  82....................      26.7  83...................      27.5
84.................................      28.6  85....................      29.3  86...................      29.8
87.................................      30.1  88....................      30.4  89...................      30.7

[[Page 1129]]

 
90.................................      30.7  91....................      30.5  92...................      30.4
93.................................      30.3  94....................      30.4  95...................      30.8
96.................................      30.4  97....................      29.9  98...................      29.5
99.................................      29.8  100...................      30.3  101..................      30.7
102................................      30.9  103...................      31.0  104..................      30.9
105................................      30.4  106...................      29.8  107..................      29.9
108................................      30.2  109...................      30.7  110..................      31.2
111................................      31.8  112...................      32.2  113..................      32.4
114................................      32.2  115...................      31.7  116..................      28.6
117................................      25.3  118...................      22.0  119..................      18.7
120................................      15.4  121...................      12.1  122..................       8.8
123................................       5.5  124...................       2.2  125..................       0.0
126................................       0.0  127...................       0.0  128..................       0.0
129................................       0.0  130...................       0.0  131..................       0.0
132................................       0.0  133...................       0.0  134..................       0.0
135................................       0.0  136...................       0.0  137..................       0.0
138................................       0.0  139...................       0.0  140..................       0.0
141................................       0.0  142...................       0.0  143..................       0.0
144................................       0.0  145...................       0.0  146..................       0.0
147................................       0.0  148...................       0.0  149..................       0.0
150................................       0.0  151...................       0.0  152..................       0.0
153................................       0.0  154...................       0.0  155..................       0.0
156................................       0.0  157...................       0.0  158..................       0.0
159................................       0.0  160...................       0.0  161..................       0.0
162................................       0.0  163...................       0.0  164..................       3.3
165................................       6.6  166...................       9.9  167..................      13.2
168................................      16.5  169...................      19.8  170..................      22.2
171................................      24.3  172...................      25.8  173..................      26.4
174................................      25.7  175...................      25.1  176..................      24.7
177................................      25.0  178...................      25.2  179..................      25.4
180................................      25.8  181...................      27.2  182..................      26.5
183................................      24.0  184...................      22.7  185..................      19.4
186................................      17.7  187...................      17.2  188..................      18.1
189................................      18.6  190...................      20.0  191..................      22.2
192................................      24.5  193...................      27.3  194..................      30.5
195................................      33.5  196...................      36.2  197..................      37.3
198................................      39.3  199...................      40.5  200..................      42.1
201................................      43.5  202...................      45.1  203..................      46.0
204................................      46.8  205...................      47.5  206..................      47.5
207................................      47.3  208...................      47.2  209..................      47.0
210................................      47.0  211...................      47.0  212..................      47.0
213................................      47.0  214...................      47.2  215..................      47.4
216................................      47.9  217...................      48.5  218..................      49.1
219................................      49.5  220...................      50.0  221..................      50.6
222................................      51.0  223...................      51.5  224..................      52.2
225................................      53.2  226...................      54.1  227..................      54.6
228................................      54.9  229...................      55.0  230..................      54.9
231................................      54.6  232...................      54.6  233..................      54.8
234................................      55.1  235...................      55.5  236..................      55.7
237................................      56.1  238...................      56.3  239..................      56.6
240................................      56.7  241...................      56.7  242..................      56.5
243................................      56.5  244...................      56.5  245..................      56.5
246................................      56.5  247...................      56.5  248..................      56.4
249................................      56.1  250...................      55.8  251..................      55.1
252................................      54.6  253...................      54.2  254..................      54.0
255................................      53.7  256...................      53.6  257..................      53.9
258................................      54.0  259...................      54.1  260..................      54.1
261................................      53.8  262...................      53.4  263..................      53.0
264................................      52.6  265...................      52.1  266..................      52.4
267................................      52.0  268...................      51.9  269..................      51.7
270................................      51.5  271...................      51.6  272..................      51.8
273................................      52.1  274...................      52.5  275..................      53.0
276................................      53.5  277...................      54.0  278..................      54.9
279................................      55.4  280...................      55.6  281..................      56.0
282................................      56.0  283...................      55.8  284..................      55.2
285................................      54.5  286...................      53.6  287..................      52.5
288................................      51.5  289...................      51.5  290..................      51.5
291................................      51.1  292...................      50.1  293..................      50.0
294................................      50.1  295...................      50.0  296..................      49.6
297................................      49.5  298...................      49.5  299..................      49.5
300................................      49.1  301...................      48.6  302..................      48.1
303................................      47.2  304...................      46.1  305..................      45.0
306................................      43.8  307...................      42.6  308..................      41.5
309................................      40.3  310...................      38.5  311..................      37.0
312................................      35.2  313...................      33.8  314..................      32.5
315................................      31.5  316...................      30.6  317..................      30.5
318................................      30.0  319...................      29.0  320..................      27.5
321................................      24.8  322...................      21.5  323..................      20.1
324................................      19.1  325...................      18.5  326..................      17.0
327................................      15.5  328...................      12.5  329..................      10.8
330................................       8.0  331...................       4.7  332..................       1.4
333................................       0.0  334...................       0.0  335..................       0.0
336................................       0.0  337...................       0.0  338..................       0.0
339................................       0.0  340...................       0.0  341..................       0.0
342................................       0.0  343...................       0.0  344..................       0.0
345................................       0.0  346...................       0.0  347..................       1.0
348................................       4.3  349...................       7.6  350..................      10.9
351................................      14.2  352...................      17.3  353..................      20.0
354................................      22.5  355...................      23.7  356..................      25.2
357................................      26.6  358...................      28.1  359..................      30.0
360................................      30.8  361...................      31.6  362..................      32.1
363................................      32.8  364...................      33.6  365..................      34.5
366................................      34.6  367...................      34.9  368..................      34.8
369................................      34.5  370...................      34.7  371..................      35.5
372................................      36.0  373...................      36.0  374..................      36.0
375................................      36.0  376...................      36.0  377..................      36.0
378................................      36.1  379...................      36.4  380..................      36.5
381................................      36.4  382...................      36.0  383..................      35.1
384................................      34.1  385...................      33.5  386..................      31.4
387................................      29.0  388...................      25.7  389..................      23.0
390................................      20.3  391...................      17.5  392..................      14.5
393................................      12.0  394...................       8.7  395..................       5.4
396................................       2.1  397...................       0.0  398..................       0.0
399................................       0.0  400...................       0.0  401..................       0.0
402................................       0.0  403...................       2.6  404..................       5.9
405................................       9.2  406...................      12.5  407..................      15.8
408................................      19.1  409...................      22.4  410..................      25.0
411................................      25.6  412...................      27.5  413..................      29.0
414................................      30.0  415...................      30.1  416..................      30.0
417................................      29.7  418...................      29.3  419..................      28.8
420................................      28.0  421...................      25.0  422..................      21.7
423................................      18.4  424...................      15.1  425..................      11.8
426................................       8.5  427...................       5.2  428..................       1.9
429................................       0.0  430...................       0.0  431..................       0.0
432................................       0.0  433...................       0.0  434..................       0.0
435................................       0.0  436...................       0.0  437..................       0.0
438................................       0.0  439...................       0.0  440..................       0.0
441................................       0.0  442...................       0.0  443..................       0.0
444................................       0.0  445...................       0.0  446..................       0.0
447................................       0.0  448...................       3.3  449..................       6.6
450................................       9.9  451...................      13.2  452..................      16.5
453................................      19.8  454...................      23.1  455..................      26.4
456................................      27.8  457...................      29.1  458..................      31.5
459................................      33.0  460...................      33.6  461..................      34.8
462................................      35.1  463...................      35.6  464..................      36.1
465................................      36.0  466...................      36.1  467..................      36.2
468................................      36.0  469...................      35.7  470..................      36.0
471................................      36.0  472...................      35.6  473..................      35.5
474................................      35.4  475...................      35.2  476..................      35.2
477................................      35.2  478...................      35.2  479..................      35.2
480................................      35.2  481...................      35.0  482..................      35.1
483................................      35.2  484...................      35.5  485..................      35.2
486................................      35.0  487...................      35.0  488..................      35.0
489................................      34.8  490...................      34.6  491..................      34.5
492................................      33.5  493...................      32.0  494..................      30.1
495................................      28.0  496...................      25.5  497..................      22.5
498................................      19.8  499...................      16.5  500..................      13.2
501................................      10.3  502...................       7.2  503..................       4.0

[[Page 1130]]

 
504................................       1.0  505...................       0.0  506..................       0.0
507................................       0.0  508...................       0.0  509..................       0.0
510................................       0.0  511...................       1.2  512..................       3.5
513................................       5.5  514...................       6.5  515..................       8.5
516................................       9.6  517...................      10.5  518..................      11.9
519................................      14.0  520...................      16.0  521..................      17.7
522................................      19.0  523...................      20.1  524..................      21.0
525................................      22.0  526...................      23.0  527..................      23.8
528................................      24.5  529...................      24.9  530..................      25.0
531................................      25.0  532...................      25.0  533..................      25.0
534................................      25.0  535...................      25.0  536..................      25.6
537................................      25.8  538...................      26.0  539..................      25.6
540................................      25.2  541...................      25.0  542..................      25.0
543................................      25.0  544...................      24.4  545..................      23.1
546................................      19.8  547...................      16.5  548..................      13.2
549................................       9.9  550...................       6.6  551..................       3.3
552................................       0.0  553...................       0.0  554..................       0.0
555................................       0.0  556...................       0.0  557..................       0.0
558................................       0.0  559...................       0.0  560..................       0.0
561................................       0.0  562...................       0.0  563..................       0.0
564................................       0.0  565...................       0.0  566..................       0.0
567................................       0.0  568...................       0.0  569..................       3.3
570................................       6.6  571...................       9.9  572..................      13.0
573................................      14.6  574...................      16.0  575..................      17.0
576................................      17.0  577...................      17.0  578..................      17.5
579................................      17.7  580...................      17.7  581..................      17.5
582................................      17.0  583...................      16.9  584..................      16.6
585................................      17.0  586...................      17.1  587..................      17.0
588................................      16.6  589...................      16.5  590..................      16.5
591................................      16.6  592...................      17.0  593..................      17.6
594................................      18.5  595...................      19.2  596..................      20.2
597................................      21.0  598...................      21.1  599..................      21.2
600................................      21.6  601...................      22.0  602..................      22.4
603................................      22.5  604...................      22.5  605..................      22.5
606................................      22.7  607...................      23.7  608..................      25.1
609................................      26.0  610...................      26.5  611..................      27.0
612................................      26.1  613...................      22.8  614..................      19.5
615................................      16.2  616...................      12.9  617..................       9.6
618................................       6.3  619...................       3.0  620..................       0.0
621................................       0.0  622...................       0.0  623..................       0.0
624................................       0.0  625...................       0.0  626..................       0.0
627................................       0.0  628...................       0.0  629..................       0.0
630................................       0.0  631...................       0.0  632..................       0.0
633................................       0.0  634...................       0.0  635..................       0.0
636................................       0.0  637...................       0.0  638..................       0.0
639................................       0.0  640...................       0.0  641..................       0.0
642................................       0.0  643...................       0.0  644..................       0.0
645................................       0.0  646...................       2.0  647..................       4.5
648................................       7.8  649...................      10.2  650..................      12.5
651................................      14.0  652...................      15.3  653..................      17.5
654................................      19.6  655...................      21.0  656..................      22.2
657................................      23.3  658...................      24.5  659..................      25.3
660................................      25.6  661...................      26.0  662..................      26.1
663................................      26.2  664...................      26.2  665..................      26.4
666................................      26.5  667...................      26.5  668..................      26.0
669................................      25.5  670...................      23.6  671..................      21.4
672................................      18.5  673...................      16.4  674..................      14.5
675................................      11.6  676...................       8.7  677..................       5.8
678................................       3.5  679...................       2.0  680..................       0.0
681................................       0.0  682...................       0.0  683..................       0.0
684................................       0.0  685...................       0.0  686..................       0.0
687................................       0.0  688...................       0.0  689..................       0.0
690................................       0.0  691...................       0.0  692..................       0.0
693................................       0.0  694...................       1.4  695..................       3.3
696................................       4.4  697...................       6.5  698..................       9.2
699................................      11.3  700...................      13.5  701..................      14.6
702................................      16.4  703...................      16.7  704..................      16.5
705................................      16.5  706...................      18.2  707..................      19.2
708................................      20.1  709...................      21.5  710..................      22.5
711................................      22.5  712...................      22.1  713..................      22.7
714................................      23.3  715...................      23.5  716..................      22.5
717................................      21.6  718...................      20.5  719..................      18.0
720................................      15.0  721...................      12.0  722..................       9.0
723................................       6.2  724...................       4.5  725..................       3.0
726................................       2.1  727...................       0.5  728..................       0.5
729................................       3.2  730...................       6.5  731..................       9.6
732................................      12.5  733...................      14.0  734..................      16.0
735................................      18.0  736...................      19.6  737..................      21.5
738................................      23.1  739...................      24.5  740..................      25.5
741................................      26.5  742...................      27.1  743..................      27.6
744................................      27.9  745...................      28.3  746..................      28.6
747................................      28.6  748...................      28.3  749..................      28.2
750................................      28.0  751...................      27.5  752..................      26.8
753................................      25.5  754...................      23.5  755..................      21.5
756................................      19.0  757...................      16.5  758..................      14.9
759................................      12.5  760...................       9.4  761..................       6.2
762................................       3.0  763...................       1.5  764..................       1.5
765................................       0.5  766...................       0.0  767..................       3.0
768................................       6.3  769...................       9.6  770..................      12.9
771................................      15.8  772...................      17.5  773..................      18.4
774................................      19.5  775...................      20.7  776..................      22.0
777................................      23.2  778...................      25.0  779..................      26.5
780................................      27.5  781...................      28.0  782..................      28.3
783................................      28.9  784...................      28.9  785..................      28.9
786................................      28.8  787...................      28.5  788..................      28.3
789................................      28.3  790...................      28.3  791..................      28.2
792................................      27.6  793...................      27.5  794..................      27.5
795................................      27.5  796...................      27.5  797..................      27.5
798................................      27.5  799...................      27.6  800..................      28.0
801................................      28.5  802...................      30.0  803..................      31.0
804................................      32.0  805...................      33.0  806..................      33.0
807................................      33.6  808...................      34.0  809..................      34.3
810................................      34.2  811...................      34.0  812..................      34.0
813................................      33.9  814...................      33.6  815..................      33.1
816................................      33.0  817...................      32.5  818..................      32.0
819................................      31.9  820...................      31.6  821..................      31.5
822................................      30.6  823...................      30.0  824..................      29.9
825................................      29.9  826...................      29.9  827..................      29.9
828................................      29.6  829...................      29.5  830..................      29.5
831................................      29.3  832...................      28.9  833..................      28.2
834................................      27.7  835...................      27.0  836..................      25.5
837................................      23.7  838...................      22.0  839..................      20.5
840................................      19.2  841...................      19.2  842..................      20.1
843................................      20.9  844...................      21.4  845..................      22.0
846................................      22.6  847...................      23.2  848..................      24.0
849................................      25.0  850...................      26.0  851..................      26.6
852................................      26.6  853...................      26.8  854..................      27.0
855................................      27.2  856...................      27.8  857..................      28.1
858................................      28.8  859...................      28.9  860..................      29.0
861................................      29.1  862...................      29.0  863..................      28.1
864................................      27.5  865...................      27.0  866..................      25.8
867................................      25.0  868...................      24.5  869..................      24.8
870................................      25.1  871...................      25.5  872..................      25.7
873................................      26.2  874...................      26.9  875..................      27.5
876................................      27.8  877...................      28.4  878..................      29.0
879................................      29.2  880...................      29.1  881..................      29.0
882................................      28.9  883...................      28.5  884..................      28.1
885................................      28.0  886...................      28.0  887..................      27.6
888................................      27.2  889...................      26.6  890..................      27.0
891................................      27.5  892...................      27.8  893..................      28.0
894................................      27.8  895...................      28.0  896..................      28.0
897................................      28.0  898...................      27.7  899..................      27.4
900................................      26.9  901...................      26.6  902..................      26.5
903................................      26.5  904...................      26.5  905..................      26.3
906................................      26.2  907...................      26.2  908..................      25.9
909................................      25.6  910...................      25.6  911..................      25.9
912................................      25.8  913...................      25.5  914..................      24.6
915................................      23.5  916...................      22.2  917..................      21.6

[[Page 1131]]

 
918................................      21.6  919...................      21.7  920..................      22.6
921................................      23.4  922...................      24.0  923..................      24.2
924................................      24.4  925...................      24.9  926..................      25.1
927................................      25.2  928...................      25.3  929..................      25.5
930................................      25.2  931...................      25.0  932..................      25.0
933................................      25.0  934...................      24.7  935..................      24.5
936................................      24.3  937...................      24.3  938..................      24.5
939................................      25.0  940...................      25.0  941..................      24.6
942................................      24.6  943...................      24.1  944..................      24.5
945................................      25.1  946...................      25.6  947..................      25.1
948................................      24.0  949...................      22.0  950..................      20.1
951................................      16.9  952...................      13.6  953..................      10.3
954................................       7.0  955...................       3.7  956..................       0.4
957................................       0.0  958...................       0.0  959..................       0.0
960................................       2.0  961...................       5.0  962..................       8.6
963................................      11.9  964...................      15.2  965..................      17.5
966................................      18.6  967...................      20.0  968..................      21.1
969................................      22.0  970...................      23.0  971..................      24.5
972................................      26.3  973...................      27.5  974..................      28.1
975................................      28.4  976...................      28.5  977..................      28.5
978................................      28.5  979...................      27.7  980..................      27.5
981................................      27.2  982...................      26.8  983..................      26.5
984................................      26.0  985...................      25.7  986..................      25.2
987................................      24.0  988...................      22.0  989..................      21.5
990................................      21.5  991...................      21.8  992..................      22.5
993................................      23.0  994...................      22.8  995..................      22.8
996................................      23.0  997...................      22.7  998..................      22.7
999................................      22.7  1000..................      23.5  1001.................      24.0
1002...............................      24.6  1003..................      24.8  1004.................      25.1
1005...............................      25.5  1006..................      25.6  1007.................      25.5
1008...............................      25.0  1009..................      24.1  1010.................      23.7
1011...............................      23.2  1012..................      22.9  1013.................      22.5
1014...............................      22.0  1015..................      21.6  1016.................      20.5
1017...............................      17.5  1018..................      14.2  1019.................      10.9
1020...............................       7.6  1021..................       4.3  1022.................       1.0
1023...............................       0.0  1024..................       0.0  1025.................       0.0
1026...............................       0.0  1027..................       0.0  1028.................       0.0
1029...............................       0.0  1030..................       0.0  1031.................       0.0
1032...............................       0.0  1033..................       0.0  1034.................       0.0
1035...............................       0.0  1036..................       0.0  1037.................       0.0
1038...............................       0.0  1039..................       0.0  1040.................       0.0
1041...............................       0.0  1042..................       0.0  1043.................       0.0
1044...............................       0.0  1045..................       0.0  1046.................       0.0
1047...............................       0.0  1048..................       0.0  1049.................       0.0
1050...............................       0.0  1051..................       0.0  1052.................       0.0
1053...............................       1.2  1054..................       4.0  1055.................       7.3
1056...............................      10.6  1057..................      13.9  1058.................      17.0
1059...............................      18.5  1060..................      20.0  1061.................      21.8
1062...............................      23.0  1063..................      24.0  1064.................      24.8
1065...............................      25.6  1066..................      26.5  1067.................      26.8
1068...............................      27.4  1069..................      27.9  1070.................      28.3
1071...............................      28.0  1072..................      27.5  1073.................      27.0
1074...............................      27.0  1075..................      26.3  1076.................      24.5
1077...............................      22.5  1078..................      21.5  1079.................      20.6
1080...............................      18.0  1081..................      15.0  1082.................      12.3
1083...............................      11.1  1084..................      10.6  1085.................      10.0
1086...............................       9.5  1087..................       9.1  1088.................       8.7
1089...............................       8.6  1090..................       8.8  1091.................       9.0
1092...............................       8.7  1093..................       8.6  1094.................       8.0
1095...............................       7.0  1096..................       5.0  1097.................       4.2
1098...............................       2.6  1099..................       1.0  1100.................       0.0
1101...............................       0.1  1102..................       0.6  1103.................       1.6
1104...............................       3.6  1105..................       6.9  1106.................      10.0
1107...............................      12.8  1108..................      14.0  1109.................      14.5
1110...............................      16.0  1111..................      18.1  1112.................      20.0
1113...............................      21.0  1114..................      21.2  1115.................      21.3
1116...............................      21.4  1117..................      21.7  1118.................      22.5
1119...............................      23.0  1120..................      23.8  1121.................      24.5
1122...............................      25.0  1123..................      24.9  1124.................      24.8
1125...............................      25.0  1126..................      25.4  1127.................      25.8
1128...............................      26.0  1129..................      26.4  1130.................      26.6
1131...............................      26.9  1132..................      27.0  1133.................      27.0
1134...............................      27.0  1135..................      26.9  1136.................      26.8
1137...............................      26.8  1138..................      26.5  1139.................      26.4
1140...............................      26.0  1141..................      25.5  1142.................      24.6
1143...............................      23.5  1144..................      21.5  1145.................      20.0
1146...............................      17.5  1147..................      16.0  1148.................      14.0
1149...............................      10.7  1150..................       7.4  1151.................       4.1
1152...............................       0.8  1153..................       0.0  1154.................       0.0
1155...............................       0.0  1156..................       0.0  1157.................       0.0
1158...............................       0.0  1159..................       0.0  1160.................       0.0
1161...............................       0.0  1162..................       0.0  1163.................       0.0
1164...............................       0.0  1165..................       0.0  1166.................       0.0
1167...............................       0.0  1168..................       0.0  1169.................       2.1
1170...............................       5.4  1171..................       8.7  1172.................      12.0
1173...............................      15.3  1174..................      18.6  1175.................      21.1
1176...............................      23.0  1177..................      23.5  1178.................      23.0
1179...............................      22.5  1180..................      20.0  1181.................      16.7
1182...............................      13.4  1183..................      10.1  1184.................       6.8
1185...............................       3.5  1186..................       0.2  1187.................       0.0
1188...............................       0.0  1189..................       0.0  1190.................       0.0
1191...............................       0.0  1192..................       0.0  1193.................       0.0
1194...............................       0.0  1195..................       0.0  1196.................       0.0
1197...............................       0.2  1198..................       1.5  1199.................       3.5
1200...............................       6.5  1201..................       9.8  1202.................      12.0
1203...............................      12.9  1204..................      13.0  1205.................      12.6
1206...............................      12.8  1207..................      13.1  1208.................      13.1
1209...............................      14.0  1210..................      15.5  1211.................      17.0
1212...............................      18.6  1213..................      19.7  1214.................      21.0
1215...............................      21.5  1216..................      21.8  1217.................      21.8
1318...............................      21.5  1219..................      21.2  1220.................      21.5
1221...............................      21.8  1222..................      22.0  1223.................      21.9
1224...............................      21.7  1225..................      21.5  1226.................      21.5
1227...............................      21.4  1228..................      20.1  1229.................      19.5
1230...............................      19.2  1231..................      19.6  1232.................      19.8
1233...............................      20.0  1234..................      19.5  1235.................      17.5
1236...............................      15.5  1237..................      13.0  1238.................      10.0
1239...............................       8.0  1240..................       6.0  1241.................       4.0
1242...............................       2.5  1243..................       0.7  1244.................       0.0
1245...............................       0.0  1246..................       0.0  1247.................       0.0
1248...............................       0.0  1249..................       0.0  1250.................       0.0
1251...............................       0.0  1252..................       1.0  1253.................       1.0
1254...............................       1.0  1255..................       1.0  1256.................       1.0
1257...............................       1.6  1258..................       3.0  1259.................       4.0
1260...............................       5.0  1261..................       6.3  1262.................       8.0
1263...............................      10.0  1264..................      10.5  1265.................       9.5
1266...............................       8.5  1267..................       7.6  1268.................       8.8
1269...............................      11.0  1270..................      14.0  1271.................      17.0
1272...............................      19.5  1273..................      21.0  1274.................      21.8
1275...............................      22.2  1276..................      23.0  1277.................      23.6
1278...............................      24.1  1279..................      24.5  1280.................      24.5
1281...............................      24.0  1282..................      23.5  1283.................      23.5
1284...............................      23.5  1285..................      23.5  1286.................      23.5
1287...............................      23.5  1288..................      24.0  1289.................      24.1
1290...............................      24.5  1291..................      24.7  1292.................      25.0
1293...............................      25.4  1294..................      25.6  1295.................      25.7
1296...............................      26.0  1297..................      26.2  1298.................      27.0
1299...............................      27.8  1300..................      28.3  1301.................      29.0
1302...............................      29.1  1303..................      29.0  1304.................      28.0
1305...............................      24.7  1306..................      21.4  1307.................      18.1
1308...............................      14.8  1309..................      11.5  1310.................       8.2
1311...............................       4.9  1312..................       1.6  1313.................       0.0
1314...............................       0.0  1315..................       0.0  1316.................       0.0
1317...............................       0.0  1318..................       0.0  1319.................       0.0
1320...............................       0.0  1321..................       0.0  1322.................       0.0
1323...............................       0.0  1324..................       0.0  1325.................       0.0
1326...............................       0.0  1327..................       0.0  1328.................       0.0
1329...............................       0.0  1330..................       0.0  1331.................       0.0

[[Page 1132]]

 
1332...............................       0.0  1333..................       0.0  1334.................       0.0
1335...............................       0.0  1336..................       0.0  1337.................       0.0
1338...............................       1.5  1339..................       4.8  1340.................       8.1
1341...............................      11.4  1342..................      13.2  1343.................      15.1
1344...............................      16.8  1345..................      18.8  1346.................      19.5
1347...............................      20.3  1348..................      21.3  1349.................      21.9
1350...............................      22.1  1351..................      22.4  1352.................      22.0
1353...............................      21.6  1354..................      21.1  1355.................      20.5
1356...............................      20.0  1357..................      19.6  1358.................      18.5
1359...............................      17.5  1360..................      16.5  1361.................      15.5
1362...............................      14.0  1363..................      11.0  1364.................       8.0
1365...............................       5.2  1366..................       2.5  1367.................       0.0
1368...............................       0.0  1369..................       0.0  1370.................       0.0
1371...............................       0.0  1372..................       0.0  .....................  ........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The diagrams below show the range of acceptable speed tolerances for 
typical points. The curve on the left is typical of portions of the 
speed curve which are increasing or decreasing throughout the 2 second 
time interval. The curve on the right is typical of portions of the 
speed curve which include a maximum or minimum value.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.195

    (b) EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles, 
Light-Duty Trucks, and Motorcycles with engine displacements equal to or 
greater than 170 cc (10.4 cu. in.).

                       Speed Versus Time Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Speed
                       Time (seconds)                        (kilometers
                                                              per hour)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0..........................................................            0
1..........................................................            0
2..........................................................            0
3..........................................................            0
4..........................................................            0
5..........................................................            0
6..........................................................            0
7..........................................................            0
8..........................................................            0
9..........................................................            0
10.........................................................            0
11.........................................................            0
12.........................................................            0
13.........................................................            0
14.........................................................            0
15.........................................................            0
16.........................................................            0
17.........................................................            0
18.........................................................            0
19.........................................................            0
20.........................................................            0
21.........................................................          4.8
22.........................................................          9.5
23.........................................................         13.8
24.........................................................         18.5
25.........................................................         23.0
26.........................................................         27.2
27.........................................................         27.8
28.........................................................         29.1
29.........................................................         33.3
30.........................................................         34.9
31.........................................................         36.0
32.........................................................         36.2
33.........................................................         35.6
34.........................................................         34.6
35.........................................................         33.6
36.........................................................         32.8
37.........................................................         31.9
38.........................................................         27.4
39.........................................................         24.0
40.........................................................         24.0
41.........................................................         24.5
42.........................................................         24.9
43.........................................................         25.7
44.........................................................         27.5
45.........................................................         30.7
46.........................................................         34.0
47.........................................................         36.5
48.........................................................         36.9
49.........................................................         36.5
50.........................................................         36.4
51.........................................................         34.3
52.........................................................         30.6
53.........................................................         27.5
54.........................................................         25.4
55.........................................................         25.4
56.........................................................         28.5
57.........................................................         31.9
58.........................................................         34.8
59.........................................................         37.3
60.........................................................         38.9
61.........................................................         39.6
62.........................................................         40.1
63.........................................................         40.2
64.........................................................         39.6
65.........................................................         39.4
66.........................................................         39.8

[[Page 1133]]

 
67.........................................................         39.9
68.........................................................         39.8
69.........................................................         39.6
70.........................................................         39.6
71.........................................................         40.4
72.........................................................         41.2
73.........................................................         41.4
74.........................................................         40.9
75.........................................................         40.1
76.........................................................         40.2
77.........................................................         40.9
78.........................................................         41.8
79.........................................................         41.8
80.........................................................         41.4
81.........................................................         42.0
82.........................................................         43.0
83.........................................................         44.3
84.........................................................         46.0
85.........................................................         47.2
86.........................................................         48.0
87.........................................................         48.4
88.........................................................         48.9
89.........................................................         49.4
90.........................................................         49.4
91.........................................................         49.1
92.........................................................         48.9
93.........................................................         48.8
94.........................................................         48.9
95.........................................................         49.6
96.........................................................         48.9
97.........................................................         48.1
98.........................................................         47.5
99.........................................................         48.0
100........................................................         48.8
101........................................................         49.4
102........................................................         49.7
103........................................................         49.9
104........................................................         49.7
105........................................................         48.9
106........................................................         48.0
107........................................................         48.1
108........................................................         48.6
109........................................................         49.4
110........................................................         50.2
111........................................................         51.2
112........................................................         51.8
113........................................................         52.1
114........................................................         51.8
115........................................................         51.0
116........................................................         46.0
117........................................................         40.7
118........................................................         35.4
119........................................................         30.1
120........................................................         24.8
121........................................................         19.5
122........................................................         14.2
123........................................................          8.9
124........................................................          3.5
125........................................................            0
126........................................................            0
127........................................................            0
128........................................................            0
129........................................................            0
130........................................................            0
131........................................................            0
132........................................................            0
133........................................................            0
134........................................................            0
135........................................................            0
136........................................................            0
137........................................................            0
138........................................................            0
139........................................................            0
140........................................................            0
141........................................................            0
142........................................................            0
143........................................................            0
144........................................................            0
145........................................................            0
146........................................................            0
147........................................................            0
148........................................................            0
149........................................................            0
150........................................................            0
151........................................................            0
152........................................................            0
153........................................................            0
154........................................................            0
155........................................................            0
156........................................................            0
157........................................................            0
158........................................................            0
159........................................................            0
160........................................................            0
161........................................................            0
162........................................................            0
163........................................................            0
164........................................................          5.3
165........................................................         10.6
166........................................................         15.9
167........................................................         21.2
168........................................................         26.6
169........................................................         31.9
170........................................................         35.7
171........................................................         39.1
172........................................................         41.5
173........................................................         42.5
174........................................................         41.4
175........................................................         40.4
176........................................................         39.8
177........................................................         40.2
178........................................................         40.6
179........................................................         40.9
180........................................................         41.5
181........................................................         43.8
182........................................................         42.6
183........................................................         38.6
184........................................................         36.5
185........................................................         31.2
186........................................................         28.5
187........................................................         27.7
188........................................................         29.1
189........................................................         29.9
190........................................................         32.2
191........................................................         35.7
192........................................................         39.4
193........................................................         43.9
194........................................................         49.1
195........................................................         53.9
196........................................................         58.3
197........................................................         60.0
198........................................................         63.2
199........................................................         65.2
200........................................................         67.8
201........................................................         70.0
202........................................................         72.6
203........................................................         74.0
204........................................................         75.3
205........................................................         76.4
206........................................................         76.4

[[Page 1134]]

 
207........................................................         76.1
208........................................................         76.0
209........................................................         75.6
210........................................................         75.6
211........................................................         75.6
212........................................................         75.6
213........................................................         75.6
214........................................................         76.0
215........................................................         76.3
216........................................................         77.1
217........................................................         78.1
218........................................................         79.0
219........................................................         79.7
220........................................................         80.5
221........................................................         81.4
222........................................................         82.1
223........................................................         82.9
224........................................................         84.0
225........................................................         85.6
226........................................................         87.1
227........................................................         87.9
228........................................................         88.4
229........................................................         88.5
230........................................................         88.4
231........................................................         87.9
232........................................................         87.9
233........................................................         88.2
234........................................................         88.7
235........................................................         89.3
236........................................................         89.6
237........................................................         90.3
238........................................................         90.6
239........................................................         91.1
240........................................................         91.2
241........................................................         91.2
242........................................................         90.9
243........................................................         90.9
244........................................................         90.9
245........................................................         90.9
246........................................................         90.9
247........................................................         90.9
248........................................................         90.8
249........................................................         90.3
250........................................................         89.8
251........................................................         88.7
252........................................................         87.9
253........................................................         87.2
254........................................................         86.9
255........................................................         86.4
256........................................................         86.3
257........................................................         86.7
258........................................................         86.9
259........................................................         87.1
260........................................................         87.1
261........................................................         86.6
262........................................................         85.9
263........................................................         85.3
264........................................................         84.7
265........................................................         83.8
266........................................................         84.3
267........................................................         83.7
268........................................................         83.5
269........................................................         83.2
270........................................................         82.9
271........................................................         83.0
272........................................................         83.4
273........................................................         83.8
274........................................................         84.5
275........................................................         85.3
276........................................................         86.1
277........................................................         86.9
278........................................................         88.4
279........................................................         89.2
280........................................................         89.5
281........................................................         90.1
282........................................................         90.1
283........................................................         89.8
284........................................................         88.8
285........................................................         87.7
286........................................................         86.3
287........................................................         84.5
288........................................................         82.9
289........................................................         82.9
290........................................................         82.9
291........................................................         82.2
292........................................................         80.6
293........................................................         80.5
294........................................................         80.6
295........................................................         80.5
296........................................................         79.8
297........................................................         79.7
298........................................................         79.7
299........................................................         79.7
300........................................................         79.0
301........................................................         78.2
302........................................................         77.4
303........................................................         76.0
304........................................................         74.2
305........................................................         72.4
306........................................................         70.5
307........................................................         68.6
308........................................................         66.8
309........................................................         64.9
310........................................................         62.0
311........................................................         59.5
312........................................................         56.6
313........................................................         54.4
314........................................................         52.3
315........................................................         50.7
316........................................................         49.2
317........................................................         49.1
318........................................................         48.3
319........................................................         46.7
320........................................................         44.3
321........................................................         39.9
322........................................................         34.6
323........................................................         32.3
324........................................................         30.7
325........................................................         29.8
326........................................................         27.4
327........................................................         24.9
328........................................................         20.1
329........................................................         17.4
330........................................................         12.9
331........................................................          7.6
332........................................................          2.3
333........................................................            0
334........................................................            0
335........................................................            0
336........................................................            0
337........................................................            0
338........................................................            0
339........................................................            0
340........................................................            0
341........................................................            0
342........................................................            0
343........................................................            0
344........................................................            0
345........................................................            0
346........................................................            0

[[Page 1135]]

 
347........................................................          1.6
348........................................................          6.9
349........................................................         12.2
350........................................................         17.5
351........................................................         22.9
352........................................................         27.8
353........................................................         32.2
354........................................................         36.2
355........................................................         38.1
356........................................................         40.6
357........................................................         42.8
358........................................................         45.2
359........................................................         48.3
360........................................................         49.6
361........................................................         50.9
362........................................................         51.7
363........................................................         52.3
364........................................................         54.1
365........................................................         55.5
366........................................................         55.7
367........................................................         56.2
368........................................................         56.0
369........................................................         55.5
370........................................................         55.8
371........................................................         57.1
372........................................................         57.9
373........................................................         57.9
374........................................................         57.9
375........................................................         57.9
377........................................................         57.9
376........................................................         57.9
378........................................................         58.1
379........................................................         58.6
380........................................................         58.7
381........................................................         58.6
382........................................................         57.9
383........................................................         56.5
384........................................................         54.9
385........................................................         53.9
386........................................................         50.5
387........................................................         46.7
388........................................................         41.4
389........................................................         37.0
390........................................................         32.7
391........................................................         28.2
392........................................................         23.3
393........................................................         19.3
394........................................................         14.0
395........................................................          8.7
396........................................................          3.4
397........................................................            0
398........................................................            0
399........................................................            0
400........................................................            0
401........................................................            0
402........................................................            0
403........................................................          4.2
404........................................................          9.5
405........................................................         14.5
406........................................................         20.1
407........................................................         25.4
408........................................................         30.7
409........................................................         36.0
410........................................................         40.2
411........................................................         41.2
412........................................................         44.3
413........................................................         46.7
414........................................................         48.3
415........................................................         48.4
416........................................................         48.3
417........................................................         47.8
418........................................................         47.2
419........................................................         46.3
420........................................................         45.1
421........................................................         40.2
422........................................................         34.9
423........................................................         29.6
424........................................................         24.3
425........................................................         19.0
426........................................................         13.7
427........................................................          8.4
428........................................................          3.1
429........................................................            0
430........................................................            0
431........................................................            0
432........................................................            0
433........................................................            0
434........................................................            0
435........................................................            0
436........................................................            0
437........................................................            0
438........................................................            0
439........................................................            0
440........................................................            0
441........................................................            0
442........................................................            0
443........................................................            0
444........................................................            0
445........................................................            0
446........................................................            0
447........................................................            0
448........................................................          5.3
449........................................................         10.6
450........................................................         15.9
451........................................................         21.2
452........................................................         26.6
453........................................................         31.0
454........................................................         37.2
455........................................................         42.5
456........................................................         44.7
457........................................................         46.8
458........................................................         50.7
459........................................................         53.1
460........................................................         54.1
461........................................................         56.0
462........................................................         56.5
463........................................................         57.3
464........................................................         58.1
465........................................................         57.9
466........................................................         58.1
467........................................................         58.3
468........................................................         57.9
469........................................................         57.5
470........................................................         57.9
471........................................................         57.9
472........................................................         57.3
473........................................................         57.1
474........................................................         57.0
475........................................................         56.6
476........................................................         56.6
477........................................................         56.6
478........................................................         56.6
479........................................................         56.6
480........................................................         56.6
481........................................................         56.3
482........................................................         56.5
483........................................................         56.6
484........................................................         57.1
485........................................................         56.6
486........................................................         56.3

[[Page 1136]]

 
487........................................................         56.3
488........................................................         56.3
489........................................................         56.0
490........................................................         55.7
491........................................................         55.8
492........................................................         53.9
493........................................................         51.5
494........................................................         48.4
495........................................................         45.1
496........................................................         41.0
497........................................................         36.2
498........................................................         31.9
499........................................................         26.6
500........................................................         21.2
501........................................................         16.6
502........................................................         11.6
503........................................................          6.4
504........................................................          1.6
505........................................................            0
506........................................................            0
507........................................................            0
508........................................................            0
509........................................................            0
510........................................................            0
511........................................................          1.9
512........................................................          5.6
513........................................................          8.9
514........................................................         10.5
515........................................................         13.7
516........................................................         15.4
517........................................................         16.9
518........................................................         19.2
519........................................................         22.5
520........................................................         25.7
521........................................................         28.5
522........................................................         30.6
523........................................................         32.3
524........................................................         33.8
525........................................................         35.4
526........................................................         37.0
527........................................................         38.3
528........................................................         39.4
529........................................................         40.1
530........................................................         40.2
531........................................................         40.2
532........................................................         40.2
533........................................................         40.2
534........................................................         40.2
535........................................................         40.2
536........................................................         41.2
537........................................................         41.5
538........................................................         41.8
539........................................................         41.2
540........................................................         40.6
541........................................................         40.2
542........................................................         40.2
543........................................................         40.2
544........................................................         39.3
545........................................................         37.2
546........................................................         31.9
547........................................................         26.6
548........................................................         21.2
549........................................................         15.9
550........................................................         10.6
551........................................................          5.3
552........................................................            0
553........................................................            0
554........................................................            0
555........................................................            0
556........................................................            0
557........................................................            0
558........................................................            0
559........................................................            0
560........................................................            0
561........................................................            0
562........................................................            0
563........................................................            0
564........................................................            0
565........................................................            0
566........................................................            0
567........................................................            0
568........................................................            0
569........................................................          5.3
570........................................................         10.6
571........................................................         15.9
572........................................................         20.9
573........................................................         23.5
574........................................................         25.7
575........................................................         27.4
576........................................................         27.4
577........................................................         21.4
578........................................................         28.2
579........................................................         28.5
580........................................................         28.5
581........................................................         28.2
582........................................................         27.4
583........................................................         27.2
584........................................................         26.7
585........................................................         27.4
586........................................................         27.5
587........................................................         27.4
588........................................................         26.7
589........................................................         26.6
590........................................................         26.6
591........................................................         26.7
592........................................................         27.4
593........................................................         28.3
594........................................................         29.8
595........................................................         30.9
596........................................................         32.5
597........................................................         33.8
598........................................................         34.0
599........................................................         34.1
600........................................................         34.8
601........................................................         35.4
602........................................................         36.0
603........................................................         36.2
604........................................................         36.2
605........................................................         36.2
606........................................................         36.5
607........................................................         38.1
608........................................................         40.4
609........................................................         41.8
610........................................................         42.6
611........................................................         43.5
612........................................................         42.0
613........................................................         36.7
614........................................................         31.4
615........................................................         26.1
616........................................................         20.8
617........................................................         15.4
618........................................................         10.1
619........................................................          4.8
620........................................................            0
621........................................................            0
622........................................................            0
623........................................................            0
624........................................................            0
625........................................................            0
626........................................................            0

[[Page 1137]]

 
627........................................................            0
628........................................................            0
629........................................................            0
630........................................................            0
631........................................................            0
632........................................................            0
633........................................................            0
634........................................................            0
635........................................................            0
636........................................................            0
637........................................................            0
638........................................................            0
639........................................................            0
640........................................................            0
641........................................................            0
642........................................................            0
643........................................................            0
644........................................................            0
645........................................................            0
646........................................................          3.2
647........................................................          7.2
648........................................................         12.6
649........................................................         16.4
650........................................................         20.1
651........................................................         22.5
652........................................................         24.6
653........................................................         28.2
654........................................................         31.5
655........................................................         33.8
656........................................................         35.7
657........................................................         37.5
658........................................................         39.4
659........................................................         40.7
660........................................................         41.2
661........................................................         41.8
662........................................................         43.9
663........................................................         43.1
664........................................................         42.3
665........................................................         42.5
666........................................................         42.6
667........................................................         42.6
668........................................................         41.8
669........................................................         41.0
670........................................................         38.0
671........................................................         34.4
672........................................................         29.8
673........................................................         26.4
674........................................................         23.3
675........................................................         18.7
676........................................................         14.0
677........................................................          9.3
678........................................................          5.6
679........................................................          3.2
680........................................................            0
681........................................................            0
682........................................................            0
683........................................................            0
684........................................................            0
685........................................................            0
686........................................................            0
687........................................................            0
688........................................................            0
689........................................................            0
690........................................................            0
691........................................................            0
692........................................................            0
693........................................................            0
694........................................................          2.3
695........................................................          5.3
696........................................................          7.1
697........................................................         10.5
698........................................................         14.8
699........................................................         18.2
700........................................................         21.7
701........................................................         23.5
702........................................................         26.4
703........................................................         26.9
704........................................................         26.6
705........................................................         26.6
706........................................................         29.3
707........................................................         30.9
708........................................................         32.3
709........................................................         34.6
710........................................................         36.2
711........................................................         36.2
712........................................................         35.6
713........................................................         36.5
714........................................................         37.5
715........................................................         37.8
716........................................................         36.2
717........................................................         34.8
718........................................................         33.0
719........................................................         29.0
720........................................................         24.1
721........................................................         19.3
722........................................................         14.5
723........................................................         10.0
724........................................................          7.2
725........................................................          4.8
726........................................................          3.4
727........................................................          0.8
728........................................................          0.8
729........................................................          5.1
730........................................................         10.5
731........................................................         15.4
732........................................................         20.1
733........................................................         22.5
734........................................................         25.7
735........................................................         29.0
736........................................................         31.5
737........................................................         34.6
738........................................................         37.2
739........................................................         39.4
740........................................................         41.0
741........................................................         42.6
742........................................................         43.6
743........................................................         44.4
744........................................................         44.9
745........................................................         45.5
746........................................................         46.0
747........................................................         46.0
748........................................................         45.5
749........................................................         45.4
750........................................................         45.1
751........................................................         44.3
752........................................................         43.1
753........................................................         41.0
754........................................................         37.8
755........................................................         34.6
756........................................................         30.6
757........................................................         26.6
758........................................................         24.0
759........................................................         20.1
760........................................................         15.1
761........................................................         10.0
762........................................................          4.8
763........................................................          2.4
764........................................................          2.4
765........................................................          0.8
766........................................................            0

[[Page 1138]]

 
767........................................................          4.8
768........................................................         10.1
769........................................................         15.4
770........................................................         20.8
771........................................................         25.4
772........................................................         28.2
773........................................................         29.6
774........................................................         31.4
775........................................................         33.3
776........................................................         35.4
777........................................................         37.3
778........................................................         40.2
779........................................................         42.6
780........................................................         44.3
781........................................................         45.1
782........................................................         45.5
783........................................................         46.5
784........................................................         46.5
785........................................................         46.5
786........................................................         46.3
787........................................................         45.9
788........................................................         45.5
789........................................................         45.5
790........................................................         45.5
791........................................................         45.4
792........................................................         44.4
793........................................................         44.3
794........................................................         44.3
795........................................................         44.3
796........................................................         44.3
797........................................................         44.3
798........................................................         44.3
799........................................................         44.4
800........................................................         45.1
801........................................................         45.9
802........................................................         48.3
803........................................................         49.9
804........................................................         51.5
805........................................................         53.1
806........................................................         53.1
807........................................................         54.1
808........................................................         54.7
809........................................................         55.2
810........................................................         55.0
811........................................................         54.7
812........................................................         54.7
813........................................................         54.6
814........................................................         54.1
815........................................................         53.3
816........................................................         53.1
817........................................................         52.3
818........................................................         51.5
819........................................................         51.3
820........................................................         50.9
821........................................................         50.7
822........................................................         49.2
823........................................................         48.3
824........................................................         48.1
825........................................................         48.1
826........................................................         48.1
827........................................................         48.1
828........................................................         47.6
829........................................................         47.5
830........................................................         47.5
831........................................................         47.2
832........................................................         46.5
833........................................................         45.4
834........................................................         44.6
835........................................................         43.5
836........................................................         41.0
837........................................................         38.1
838........................................................         35.4
839........................................................         33.0
840........................................................         30.9
841........................................................         30.9
842........................................................         32.3
843........................................................         33.6
844........................................................         34.4
845........................................................         35.4
846........................................................         36.4
847........................................................         37.3
848........................................................         38.6
849........................................................         40.2
850........................................................         41.8
851........................................................         42.8
852........................................................         42.8
853........................................................         43.1
854........................................................         43.5
855........................................................         43.8
856........................................................         44.7
857........................................................         45.2
858........................................................         46.3
859........................................................         46.5
860........................................................         46.7
861........................................................         46.8
862........................................................         46.7
863........................................................         45.2
864........................................................         44.3
865........................................................         43.5
866........................................................         41.5
867........................................................         40.2
868........................................................         39.4
869........................................................         39.9
870........................................................         40.4
871........................................................         41.0
872........................................................         41.4
873........................................................         42.2
874........................................................         43.3
875........................................................         44.3
876........................................................         44.7
877........................................................         45.7
878........................................................         46.7
879........................................................         47.0
880........................................................         46.8
881........................................................         46.7
882........................................................         46.5
883........................................................         45.9
884........................................................         45.2
885........................................................         45.1
886........................................................         45.1
887........................................................         44.4
888........................................................         43.8
889........................................................         42.8
890........................................................         43.5
891........................................................         44.3
892........................................................         44.7
893........................................................         45.1
894........................................................         44.7
895........................................................         45.1
896........................................................         45.1
897........................................................         45.1
898........................................................         44.6
899........................................................         44.1
900........................................................         43.3
901........................................................         42.8
902........................................................         42.6
903........................................................         42.6
904........................................................         42.6
905........................................................         42.3
906........................................................         42.2

[[Page 1139]]

 
907........................................................         42.2
908........................................................         41.7
909........................................................         41.2
910........................................................         41.2
911........................................................         41.7
912........................................................         41.5
913........................................................         41.0
914........................................................         39.6
915........................................................         37.8
916........................................................         35.7
917........................................................         34.8
918........................................................         34.8
919........................................................         34.9
920........................................................         36.4
921........................................................         37.7
922........................................................         38.6
923........................................................         38.9
924........................................................         39.3
925........................................................         40.1
926........................................................         40.4
927........................................................         40.6
928........................................................         40.7
929........................................................         41.0
930........................................................         40.6
931........................................................         40.2
932........................................................         40.3
933........................................................         40.2
934........................................................         39.8
935........................................................         39.4
936........................................................         39.1
937........................................................         39.1
938........................................................         39.4
939........................................................         40.2
940........................................................         40.2
941........................................................         39.6
942........................................................         39.6
943........................................................         38.8
944........................................................         39.4
945........................................................         40.4
946........................................................         41.2
947........................................................         40.4
948........................................................         38.6
949........................................................         35.4
950........................................................         32.3
951........................................................         27.2
952........................................................         21.9
953........................................................         16.6
954........................................................         11.3
955........................................................          6.0
956........................................................          0.6
957........................................................            0
958........................................................            0
959........................................................            0
960........................................................          3.2
961........................................................          8.5
962........................................................         13.8
963........................................................         19.2
964........................................................         24.5
965........................................................         28.2
966........................................................         29.9
967........................................................         32.2
968........................................................         34.0
969........................................................         35.4
970........................................................         37.0
971........................................................         39.4
972........................................................         42.3
973........................................................         44.3
974........................................................         45.2
975........................................................         45.7
976........................................................         45.9
977........................................................         45.9
978........................................................         45.9
979........................................................         44.6
980........................................................         44.3
981........................................................         43.8
982........................................................         43.1
983........................................................         42.6
984........................................................         41.8
985........................................................         41.4
986........................................................         40.6
987........................................................         38.6
988........................................................         35.4
989........................................................         34.6
990........................................................         34.6
991........................................................         35.1
992........................................................         36.2
993........................................................         37.0
994........................................................         36.7
995........................................................         36.7
996........................................................         37.0
997........................................................         36.5
998........................................................         36.5
999........................................................         36.5
1,000......................................................         37.8
1,001......................................................         38.6
1,002......................................................         39.6
1,003......................................................         39.9
1,004......................................................         40.4
1,005......................................................         41.0
1,006......................................................         41.2
1,007......................................................         41.0
1,008......................................................         40.2
1,009......................................................         38.8
1,010......................................................         38.1
1,011......................................................         37.3
1,012......................................................         36.9
1,013......................................................         36.2
1,014......................................................         35.4
1,015......................................................         34.8
1,016......................................................         33.0
1,017......................................................         28.2
1,018......................................................         22.9
1,019......................................................         17.5
1,020......................................................         12.2
1,021......................................................          6.9
1,022......................................................          1.6
1,023......................................................            0
1,024......................................................            0
1,025......................................................            0
1,026......................................................            0
1,027......................................................            0
1,028......................................................            0
1,029......................................................            0
1,030......................................................            0
1,031......................................................            0
1,032......................................................            0
1,033......................................................            0
1,034......................................................            0
1,035......................................................            0
1,036......................................................            0
1,037......................................................            0
1,038......................................................            0
1,039......................................................            0
1,040......................................................            0
1,041......................................................            0
1,042......................................................            0
1,043......................................................            0
1,044......................................................            0
1,045......................................................            0
1,046......................................................            0

[[Page 1140]]

 
1,047......................................................            0
1,048......................................................            0
1,049......................................................            0
1,050......................................................            0
1,051......................................................            0
1,052......................................................            0
1,053......................................................          1.9
1,054......................................................          6.4
1,055......................................................         11.7
1,056......................................................         17.1
1,057......................................................         22.4
1,058......................................................         27.4
1,059......................................................         29.8
1,060......................................................         32.2
1,061......................................................         35.1
1,062......................................................         37.0
1,063......................................................         38.6
1,064......................................................         39.9
1,065......................................................         41.2
1,066......................................................         42.6
1,067......................................................         43.1
1,068......................................................         44.1
1,069......................................................         44.9
1,070......................................................         45.5
1,071......................................................         45.1
1,072......................................................         44.3
1,073......................................................         43.5
1,074......................................................         43.5
1,075......................................................         42.3
1,076......................................................         39.4
1,077......................................................         36.2
1,078......................................................         34.6
1,079......................................................         33.2
1,080......................................................         29.0
1,081......................................................         24.1
1,082......................................................         19.8
1,083......................................................         17.9
1,084......................................................         17.1
1,085......................................................         16.1
1,086......................................................         15.3
1,087......................................................         14.6
1,088......................................................         14.0
1,089......................................................         13.8
1,090......................................................         14.2
1,091......................................................         14.5
1,092......................................................         14.0
1,093......................................................         13.8
1,094......................................................         12.9
1,095......................................................         11.3
1,096......................................................          8.0
1,097......................................................          6.8
1,098......................................................          4.2
1,099......................................................          1.6
1,100......................................................            0
1,101......................................................          0.2
1,102......................................................          1.0
1,103......................................................          2.6
1,104......................................................          5.8
1,105......................................................         11.1
1,106......................................................         16.1
1,107......................................................         20.6
1,108......................................................         22.5
1,109......................................................         23.3
1,110......................................................         25.7
1,111......................................................         29.1
1,112......................................................         32.2
1,113......................................................         33.8
1,114......................................................         34.1
1,115......................................................         34.3
1,116......................................................         34.4
1,117......................................................         34.9
1,118......................................................         36.2
1,119......................................................         37.0
1,120......................................................         38.3
1,121......................................................         39.4
1,122......................................................         40.2
1,123......................................................         40.1
1,124......................................................         39.9
1,125......................................................         40.2
1,126......................................................         40.9
1,127......................................................         41.5
1,128......................................................         41.8
1,129......................................................         42.5
1,130......................................................         42.8
1,131......................................................         43.3
1,132......................................................         43.5
1,133......................................................         43.5
1,134......................................................         43.5
1,135......................................................         43.3
1,136......................................................         43.1
1,137......................................................         43.1
1,138......................................................         42.6
1,139......................................................         42.5
1,140......................................................         41.8
1,141......................................................         41.0
1,142......................................................         39.6
1,143......................................................         37.8
1,144......................................................         34.6
1,145......................................................         32.2
1,146......................................................         28.2
1,147......................................................         25.7
1,148......................................................         22.5
1,149......................................................         17.2
1,150......................................................         11.9
1,151......................................................          6.6
1,152......................................................          1.3
1,153......................................................            0
1,154......................................................            0
1,155......................................................            0
1,156......................................................            0
1,157......................................................            0
1,158......................................................            0
1,159......................................................            0
1,160......................................................            0
1,161......................................................            0
1,162......................................................            0
1,163......................................................            0
1,164......................................................            0
1,165......................................................            0
1,166......................................................            0
1,167......................................................            0
1,168......................................................            0
1,169......................................................          3.4
1,170......................................................          8.7
1,171......................................................         14.0
1,172......................................................         19.3
1,173......................................................         24.6
1,174......................................................         29.9
1,175......................................................         34.0
1,176......................................................         37.0
1,177......................................................         37.8
1,178......................................................         37.0
1,179......................................................         36.2
1,180......................................................         32.2
1,181......................................................         26.9
1,182......................................................         21.6
1,183......................................................         16.3
1,184......................................................         10.9
1,185......................................................          5.6
1,186......................................................          0.3

[[Page 1141]]

 
1,187......................................................            0
1,188......................................................            0
1,189......................................................            0
1,190......................................................            0
1,191......................................................            0
1,192......................................................            0
1,193......................................................            0
1,194......................................................            0
1,195......................................................            0
1,196......................................................            0
1,197......................................................          0.3
1,198......................................................          2.4
1,199......................................................          5.6
1,200......................................................         10.5
1,201......................................................         15.8
1,202......................................................         19.3
1,203......................................................         20.8
1,204......................................................         20.9
1,205......................................................         20.3
1,206......................................................         20.6
1,207......................................................         21.1
1,208......................................................         21.1
1,209......................................................         22.5
1,210......................................................         24.9
1,211......................................................         27.4
1,212......................................................         29.9
1,213......................................................         31.7
1,214......................................................         33.8
1,215......................................................         34.6
1,216......................................................         35.1
1,217......................................................         35.1
1,218......................................................         34.6
1,219......................................................         34.1
1,220......................................................         34.6
1,221......................................................         35.1
1,222......................................................         35.4
1,223......................................................         35.2
1,224......................................................         34.9
1,225......................................................         34.6
1,226......................................................         34.6
1,227......................................................         34.4
1,228......................................................         32.3
1,229......................................................         31.4
1,230......................................................         30.9
1,231......................................................         31.5
1,232......................................................         31.9
1,233......................................................         32.2
1,234......................................................         31.4
1,235......................................................         28.2
1,236......................................................         24.9
1,237......................................................         20.9
1,238......................................................         16.1
1,239......................................................         12.9
1,240......................................................          9.7
1,241......................................................          6.4
1,242......................................................          4.0
1,243......................................................          1.1
1,244......................................................            0
1,245......................................................            0
1,246......................................................            0
1,247......................................................            0
1,248......................................................            0
1,249......................................................            0
1,250......................................................            0
1,251......................................................            0
1,252......................................................          1.6
1,253......................................................          1.6
1,254......................................................          1.6
1,255......................................................          1.6
1,256......................................................          1.6
1,257......................................................          2.6
1,258......................................................          4.8
1,259......................................................          6.4
1,260......................................................          8.0
1,261......................................................         10.1
1,262......................................................         12.9
1,263......................................................         16.1
1,264......................................................         16.9
1,265......................................................         15.3
1,266......................................................         13.7
1,267......................................................         12.2
1,268......................................................         14.2
1,269......................................................         17.7
1,270......................................................         22.5
1,271......................................................         27.4
1,272......................................................         31.4
1,273......................................................         33.8
1,274......................................................         35.1
1,275......................................................         35.7
1,276......................................................         37.0
1,277......................................................         38.0
1,278......................................................         38.8
1,279......................................................         39.4
1,280......................................................         39.4
1,281......................................................         38.6
1,282......................................................         37.8
1,283......................................................         37.8
1,284......................................................         37.8
1,285......................................................         37.8
1,286......................................................         37.8
1,287......................................................         37.8
1,288......................................................         38.6
1,289......................................................         38.8
1,290......................................................         39.4
1,291......................................................         39.8
1,292......................................................         40.2
1,293......................................................         40.9
1,294......................................................         41.2
1,295......................................................         41.4
1,296......................................................         41.8
1,297......................................................         42.2
1,298......................................................         43.5
1,299......................................................         44.7
1,300......................................................         45.5
1,301......................................................         46.7
1,302......................................................         46.8
1,303......................................................         46.7
1,304......................................................         45.1
1,305......................................................         39.8
1,306......................................................         34.4
1,307......................................................         29.1
1,308......................................................         23.8
1,309......................................................         18.5
1,310......................................................         13.2
1,311......................................................          7.9
1,312......................................................          2.6
1,313......................................................            0
1,314......................................................            0
1,315......................................................            0
1,316......................................................            0
1,317......................................................            0
1,318......................................................            0
1,319......................................................            0
1,320......................................................            0
1,321......................................................            0
1,322......................................................            0
1,323......................................................            0
1,324......................................................            0
1,325......................................................            0
1,326......................................................            0

[[Page 1142]]

 
1,327......................................................            0
1,328......................................................            0
1,329......................................................            0
1,330......................................................            0
1,331......................................................            0
1,332......................................................            0
1,333......................................................            0
1,334......................................................            0
1,335......................................................            0
1,336......................................................            0
1,337......................................................            0
1,338......................................................          2.4
1,339......................................................          7.7
1,340......................................................         13.0
1,341......................................................         18.3
1,342......................................................         21.2
1,343......................................................         24.3
1,344......................................................         27.0
1,345......................................................         29.5
1,346......................................................         31.4
1,347......................................................         32.7
1,348......................................................         34.3
1,349......................................................         35.2
1,350......................................................         35.6
1,351......................................................         36.0
1,352......................................................         35.4
1,353......................................................         34.8
1,354......................................................         34.0
1,355......................................................         33.0
1,356......................................................         32.2
1,357......................................................         31.5
1,358......................................................         29.8
1,359......................................................         28.2
1,360......................................................         26.6
1,361......................................................         24.9
1,362......................................................         22.5
1,363......................................................         17.7
1,364......................................................         12.9
1,365......................................................          8.4
1,366......................................................          4.0
1,367......................................................            0
1,368......................................................            0
1,369......................................................            0
1,370......................................................            0
1,371......................................................            0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for motorcycles with 
engine displacements less than 170 cc (10.4 cu. in.).

                       Speed Versus Time Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Speed
                       Time (seconds)                        (kilometers
                                                              per hour)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1..........................................................            0
2..........................................................            0
3..........................................................            0
4..........................................................            0
5..........................................................            0
6..........................................................            0
7..........................................................            0
8..........................................................            0
9..........................................................            0
10.........................................................            0
11.........................................................            0
12.........................................................            0
13.........................................................            0
14.........................................................            0
15.........................................................            0
16.........................................................            0
17.........................................................            0
18.........................................................            0
19.........................................................            0
20.........................................................            0
21.........................................................          4.8
22.........................................................          9.5
23.........................................................         13.8
24.........................................................         18.5
25.........................................................         23.0
26.........................................................         27.2
27.........................................................         27.8
28.........................................................         29.1
29.........................................................         33.3
30.........................................................         34.9
31.........................................................         36.0
32.........................................................         36.2
33.........................................................         35.6
34.........................................................         34.6
35.........................................................         33.6
36.........................................................         32.8
37.........................................................         31.9
38.........................................................         27.4
39.........................................................         24.0
40.........................................................         24.0
41.........................................................         24.5
42.........................................................         24.9
43.........................................................         25.7
44.........................................................         27.5
45.........................................................         30.7
46.........................................................         34.0
47.........................................................         36.5
48.........................................................         36.9
49.........................................................         36.5
50.........................................................         36.4
51.........................................................         34.3
52.........................................................         30.6
53.........................................................         27.5
54.........................................................         25.4
55.........................................................         25.4
56.........................................................         28.6
57.........................................................         31.9
58.........................................................         34.8
59.........................................................         37.3
60.........................................................         38.9
61.........................................................         39.6
62.........................................................         40.1
63.........................................................         40.2
64.........................................................         39.6
65.........................................................         39.4
66.........................................................         39.8
67.........................................................         39.9
68.........................................................         39.8
69.........................................................         39.6
70.........................................................         39.6
71.........................................................         40.4
72.........................................................         41.2
73.........................................................         41.4
74.........................................................         40.9
75.........................................................         40.1
76.........................................................         40.2
77.........................................................         40.9
78.........................................................         41.8
79.........................................................         41.8
80.........................................................         41.4
81.........................................................         42.0
82.........................................................         43.0
83.........................................................         44.3
84.........................................................         46.0

[[Page 1143]]

 
85.........................................................         47.2
86.........................................................         48.0
87.........................................................         48.4
88.........................................................         48.9
89.........................................................         49.4
90.........................................................         49.4
91.........................................................         49.1
92.........................................................         48.9
93.........................................................         48.8
94.........................................................         48.9
95.........................................................         49.6
96.........................................................         48.9
97.........................................................         48.1
98.........................................................         47.5
99.........................................................         48.0
100........................................................         48.8
101........................................................         49.4
102........................................................         49.7
103........................................................         49.9
104........................................................         49.7
105........................................................         48.9
106........................................................         48.0
107........................................................         48.1
108........................................................         48.6
109........................................................         49.4
110........................................................         50.2
111........................................................         51.2
112........................................................         51.8
113........................................................         52.1
114........................................................         51.8
115........................................................         51.0
116........................................................         46.0
117........................................................         40.7
118........................................................         35.4
119........................................................         30.1
120........................................................         24.8
121........................................................         19.5
122........................................................         14.2
123........................................................          8.9
124........................................................          3.5
125........................................................            0
126........................................................            0
127........................................................            0
128........................................................            0
129........................................................            0
130........................................................            0
131........................................................            0
132........................................................            0
133........................................................            0
134........................................................            0
135........................................................            0
136........................................................            0
137........................................................            0
138........................................................            0
139........................................................            0
140........................................................            0
141........................................................            0
142........................................................            0
143........................................................            0
144........................................................            0
145........................................................            0
146........................................................            0
147........................................................            0
148........................................................            0
149........................................................            0
150........................................................            0
151........................................................            0
152........................................................            0
153........................................................            0
154........................................................            0
155........................................................            0
156........................................................            0
157........................................................            0
158........................................................            0
159........................................................            0
160........................................................            0
161........................................................            0
162........................................................            0
163........................................................            0
164........................................................          3.4
165........................................................          6.8
166........................................................         10.3
167........................................................         13.7
168........................................................         17.1
169........................................................         20.5
170........................................................         23.0
171........................................................         25.2
172........................................................         26.7
173........................................................         27.4
174........................................................         26.6
175........................................................         26.0
176........................................................         25.6
177........................................................         25.9
178........................................................         26.1
179........................................................         26.3
180........................................................         26.7
181........................................................         28.2
182........................................................         27.5
183........................................................         24.9
184........................................................         23.5
185........................................................         20.1
186........................................................         18.3
187........................................................         17.8
188........................................................         18.8
189........................................................         19.3
190........................................................         20.7
191........................................................         23.0
192........................................................         25.4
193........................................................         28.3
194........................................................         31.6
195........................................................         34.7
196........................................................         37.5
197........................................................         38.6
198........................................................         40.7
199........................................................         42.0
200........................................................         43.6
201........................................................         45.1
202........................................................         46.7
203........................................................         47.7
204........................................................         48.5
205........................................................         49.2
206........................................................         49.2
207........................................................         49.0
208........................................................         48.9
209........................................................         48.7
210........................................................         48.7
211........................................................         48.7
212........................................................         48.7
213........................................................         48.7
214........................................................         48.9
215........................................................         49.1
216........................................................         49.6
217........................................................         50.2
218........................................................         50.9
219........................................................         51.3
220........................................................         51.8
221........................................................         52.4
222........................................................         52.8
223........................................................         53.4
224........................................................         54.1

[[Page 1144]]

 
225........................................................         55.1
226........................................................         56.0
227........................................................         56.6
228........................................................         56.9
229........................................................         57.0
230........................................................         56.9
231........................................................         56.6
232........................................................         56.6
233........................................................         56.8
234........................................................         57.1
235........................................................         57.5
236........................................................         57.7
237........................................................         58.1
238........................................................         58.3
239........................................................         58.6
240........................................................         58.7
241........................................................         58.7
242........................................................         58.5
243........................................................         58.5
244........................................................         58.5
245........................................................         58.5
246........................................................         58.5
247........................................................         58.5
248........................................................         58.4
249........................................................         58.1
250........................................................         57.8
251........................................................         57.1
252........................................................         56.6
253........................................................         56.2
254........................................................         55.9
255........................................................         55.6
256........................................................         55.5
257........................................................         55.8
258........................................................         55.9
259........................................................         56.0
260........................................................         56.0
261........................................................         55.7
262........................................................         55.3
263........................................................         54.9
264........................................................         54.5
265........................................................         54.0
266........................................................         54.3
267........................................................         53.9
268........................................................         53.8
269........................................................         53.6
270........................................................         53.4
271........................................................         53.5
272........................................................         53.7
273........................................................         54.0
274........................................................         54.4
275........................................................         54.9
276........................................................         55.4
277........................................................         55.9
278........................................................         56.9
279........................................................         57.4
280........................................................         57.6
281........................................................         58.0
282........................................................         58.0
283........................................................         57.8
284........................................................         57.2
285........................................................         56.5
286........................................................         55.5
287........................................................         54.4
288........................................................         53.4
289........................................................         53.4
290........................................................         53.4
291........................................................         52.9
292........................................................         51.9
293........................................................         51.8
294........................................................         51.9
295........................................................         51.8
296........................................................         51.4
297........................................................         51.3
298........................................................         51.3
299........................................................         51.3
300........................................................         50.9
301........................................................         50.3
302........................................................         49.8
303........................................................         48.9
304........................................................         47.8
305........................................................         46.6
306........................................................         45.4
307........................................................         44.1
308........................................................         43.0
309........................................................         41.8
310........................................................         39.9
311........................................................         38.3
312........................................................         36.5
313........................................................         35.0
314........................................................         33.7
315........................................................         32.6
316........................................................         31.7
317........................................................         31.6
318........................................................         31.1
319........................................................         30.0
320........................................................         28.5
321........................................................         25.7
322........................................................         22.3
323........................................................         20.8
324........................................................         19.8
325........................................................         19.2
326........................................................         17.6
327........................................................         16.1
328........................................................         12.9
329........................................................         11.2
330........................................................          8.3
331........................................................          4.9
332........................................................          1.5
333........................................................            0
334........................................................            0
335........................................................            0
336........................................................            0
337........................................................            0
338........................................................            0
339........................................................            0
340........................................................            0
341........................................................            0
342........................................................            0
343........................................................            0
344........................................................            0
345........................................................            0
346........................................................            0
347........................................................          1.6
348........................................................          6.9
349........................................................         12.2
350........................................................         17.5
351........................................................         22.9
352........................................................         27.8
353........................................................         32.2
354........................................................         36.2
355........................................................         38.1
356........................................................         40.6
357........................................................         42.8
358........................................................         45.2
359........................................................         48.3
360........................................................         49.6
361........................................................         50.9
362........................................................         51.7
363........................................................         52.8
364........................................................         54.1

[[Page 1145]]

 
365........................................................         55.5
366........................................................         55.7
367........................................................         56.2
368........................................................         56.0
369........................................................         55.5
370........................................................         55.8
371........................................................         57.1
372........................................................         57.9
373........................................................         57.9
374........................................................         57.9
375........................................................         57.9
376........................................................         57.9
377........................................................         57.9
378........................................................         58.1
379........................................................         58.6
380........................................................         58.7
381........................................................         58.6
382........................................................         57.9
383........................................................         56.5
384........................................................         54.9
385........................................................         53.9
386........................................................         50.5
387........................................................         46.7
388........................................................         41.4
389........................................................         37.0
390........................................................         32.7
391........................................................         26.2
392........................................................         23.3
393........................................................         19.3
394........................................................         14.0
395........................................................          8.7
396........................................................          3.4
397........................................................            0
398........................................................            0
399........................................................            0
400........................................................            0
401........................................................            0
402........................................................            0
403........................................................          4.2
404........................................................          9.5
405........................................................         14.8
406........................................................         20.1
407........................................................         25.4
408........................................................         30.7
409........................................................         36.0
410........................................................         40.2
411........................................................         41.2
412........................................................         44.3
413........................................................         46.7
414........................................................         48.3
415........................................................         48.4
416........................................................         48.3
417........................................................         47.8
418........................................................         47.2
419........................................................         46.3
420........................................................         45.1
421........................................................         40.2
422........................................................         34.9
423........................................................         29.6
424........................................................         24.3
425........................................................         19.0
426........................................................         13.7
427........................................................          8.4
428........................................................          3.1
429........................................................            0
430........................................................            0
431........................................................            0
432........................................................            0
433........................................................            0
434........................................................            0
435........................................................            0
436........................................................            0
437........................................................            0
438........................................................            0
439........................................................            0
440........................................................            0
441........................................................            0
442........................................................            0
443........................................................            0
444........................................................            0
445........................................................            0
446........................................................            0
447........................................................            0
448........................................................          5.3
449........................................................         10.6
450........................................................         15.9
451........................................................         21.2
452........................................................         26.6
453........................................................         31.9
454........................................................         37.2
455........................................................         42.5
456........................................................         44.7
457........................................................         46.8
458........................................................         50.7
459........................................................         53.1
460........................................................         54.1
461........................................................         56.0
462........................................................         56.5
463........................................................         57.3
464........................................................         58.1
465........................................................         57.9
466........................................................         58.1
467........................................................         58.3
468........................................................         57.9
469........................................................         57.5
470........................................................         57.9
471........................................................         57.9
472........................................................         57.3
473........................................................         57.1
474........................................................         57.0
475........................................................         56.6
476........................................................         56.6
477........................................................         56.6
478........................................................         56.6
479........................................................         56.6
480........................................................         56.6
481........................................................         56.3
482........................................................         56.5
483........................................................         56.6
484........................................................         57.1
485........................................................         56.6
486........................................................         56.3
487........................................................         56.3
488........................................................         56.3
489........................................................         56.0
490........................................................         55.7
491........................................................         55.5
492........................................................         53.9
493........................................................         51.5
494........................................................         48.4
495........................................................         45.1
496........................................................         41.0
497........................................................         36.2
498........................................................         31.9
499........................................................         26.6
500........................................................         21.2
501........................................................         16.6
502........................................................         11.6
503........................................................          6.4
504........................................................          1.6

[[Page 1146]]

 
505........................................................            0
506........................................................            0
507........................................................            0
508........................................................            0
509........................................................            0
510........................................................            0
511........................................................          1.9
512........................................................          5.6
513........................................................          8.9
514........................................................         10.5
515........................................................         13.7
516........................................................         15.4
517........................................................         16.9
518........................................................         19.2
519........................................................         22.5
520........................................................         25.7
521........................................................         28.5
522........................................................         30.6
523........................................................         32.3
524........................................................         33.8
525........................................................         35.4
526........................................................         37.0
527........................................................         38.3
528........................................................         39.4
529........................................................         40.1
530........................................................         40.2
531........................................................         40.2
532........................................................         40.2
533........................................................         40.2
534........................................................         40.2
535........................................................         40.2
536........................................................         41.2
537........................................................         41.5
538........................................................         41.8
539........................................................         41.2
540........................................................         40.6
541........................................................         40.2
542........................................................         40.2
543........................................................         40.2
544........................................................         39.3
545........................................................         37.2
546........................................................         31.9
547........................................................         26.6
548........................................................         21.2
549........................................................         15.9
550........................................................         10.6
551........................................................          5.2
552........................................................            0
553........................................................            0
554........................................................            0
555........................................................            0
556........................................................            0
557........................................................            0
558........................................................            0
559........................................................            0
560........................................................            0
561........................................................            0
562........................................................            0
563........................................................            0
564........................................................            0
565........................................................            0
566........................................................            0
567........................................................            0
568........................................................            0
569........................................................          5.3
570........................................................         10.6
571........................................................         15.9
572........................................................         20.9
573........................................................         23.5
574........................................................         25.7
575........................................................         27.4
576........................................................         27.4
577........................................................         27.4
578........................................................         28.2
579........................................................         28.5
580........................................................         28.5
581........................................................         28.2
582........................................................         27.4
583........................................................         27.2
584........................................................         26.7
585........................................................         27.4
586........................................................         27.5
587........................................................         27.4
588........................................................         26.7
589........................................................         26.6
590........................................................         26.6
591........................................................         26.7
592........................................................         27.4
593........................................................         28.3
594........................................................         29.8
595........................................................         30.9
596........................................................         32.5
597........................................................         33.8
598........................................................         34.0
599........................................................         34.1
600........................................................         34.8
601........................................................         35.4
602........................................................         36.0
603........................................................         36.2
604........................................................         36.2
605........................................................         36.2
606........................................................         36.5
607........................................................         38.1
608........................................................         40.4
609........................................................         41.8
610........................................................         42.6
611........................................................         43.5
612........................................................         42.0
613........................................................         36.7
614........................................................         31.4
615........................................................         26.1
616........................................................         20.8
617........................................................         15.4
618........................................................         10.1
619........................................................          4.8
620........................................................            0
621........................................................            0
622........................................................            0
623........................................................            0
624........................................................            0
625........................................................            0
626........................................................            0
627........................................................            0
628........................................................            0
629........................................................            0
630........................................................            0
631........................................................            0
632........................................................            0
633........................................................            0
634........................................................            0
635........................................................            0
636........................................................            0
637........................................................            0
638........................................................            0
639........................................................            0
640........................................................            0
641........................................................            0
642........................................................            0
643........................................................            0
644........................................................            0

[[Page 1147]]

 
645........................................................            0
646........................................................          3.2
647........................................................          7.2
648........................................................         12.6
649........................................................         16.4
650........................................................         20.1
651........................................................         22.5
652........................................................         24.6
653........................................................         28.2
654........................................................         31.5
655........................................................         33.8
656........................................................         35.7
657........................................................         37.5
658........................................................         39.4
659........................................................         40.7
660........................................................         41.2
661........................................................         41.8
662........................................................         42.0
663........................................................         42.2
664........................................................         42.2
665........................................................         42.5
666........................................................         42.6
667........................................................         42.6
668........................................................         41.8
669........................................................         41.0
670........................................................         38.0
671........................................................         34.4
672........................................................         29.8
673........................................................         26.4
674........................................................         23.3
675........................................................         18.7
676........................................................         14.0
677........................................................          9.3
678........................................................          5.6
679........................................................          3.2
680........................................................            0
681........................................................            0
682........................................................            0
683........................................................            0
684........................................................            0
685........................................................            0
686........................................................            0
687........................................................            0
688........................................................            0
689........................................................            0
690........................................................            0
691........................................................            0
692........................................................            0
693........................................................            0
694........................................................          2.3
695........................................................          5.3
696........................................................          7.1
697........................................................         10.5
698........................................................         14.8
699........................................................         18.2
700........................................................         21.7
701........................................................         23.5
702........................................................         26.4
703........................................................         26.9
704........................................................         26.6
705........................................................         26.6
706........................................................         29.3
707........................................................         30.9
708........................................................         32.3
709........................................................         34.6
710........................................................         36.2
711........................................................         36.2
712........................................................         35.6
713........................................................         36.5
714........................................................         37.5
715........................................................         37.8
716........................................................         36.2
717........................................................         34.8
718........................................................         33.0
719........................................................         29.0
720........................................................         24.1
721........................................................         19.3
722........................................................         14.5
723........................................................         10.0
724........................................................          7.2
725........................................................          4.8
726........................................................          3.4
727........................................................          0.8
728........................................................          0.8
729........................................................          5.1
730........................................................         10.5
731........................................................         15.4
732........................................................         20.1
733........................................................         22.5
734........................................................         25.7
735........................................................         29.0
736........................................................         31.5
737........................................................         34.6
738........................................................         37.2
739........................................................         39.4
740........................................................         41.0
741........................................................         42.6
742........................................................         43.6
743........................................................         44.4
744........................................................         44.9
745........................................................         45.5
746........................................................         46.0
747........................................................         46.0
748........................................................         45.5
749........................................................         45.4
750........................................................         45.1
751........................................................         44.3
752........................................................         43.1
753........................................................         41.0
754........................................................         37.8
755........................................................         34.6
756........................................................         30.6
757........................................................         26.6
758........................................................         24.0
759........................................................         20.1
760........................................................         15.1
761........................................................         10.0
762........................................................          4.8
763........................................................          2.4
764........................................................          2.4
765........................................................          0.8
766........................................................            0
767........................................................          4.8
768........................................................         10.1
769........................................................         15.4
770........................................................         20.8
771........................................................         25.4
772........................................................         28.2
773........................................................         29.6
774........................................................         31.4
775........................................................         33.3
776........................................................         35.4
777........................................................         37.3
778........................................................         40.2
779........................................................         42.6
780........................................................         44.3
781........................................................         45.1
782........................................................         45.5
783........................................................         46.5
784........................................................         46.5

[[Page 1148]]

 
785........................................................         46.5
786........................................................         46.3
787........................................................         45.9
788........................................................         45.5
789........................................................         45.5
790........................................................         45.5
791........................................................         45.4
792........................................................         44.4
793........................................................         44.3
794........................................................         44.3
795........................................................         44.3
796........................................................         44.3
797........................................................         44.3
798........................................................         44.3
799........................................................         44.4
800........................................................         45.1
801........................................................         45.9
802........................................................         48.3
803........................................................         49.9
804........................................................         51.5
805........................................................         53.1
806........................................................         53.1
807........................................................         54.1
808........................................................         54.7
809........................................................         55.2
810........................................................         55.0
811........................................................         54.7
812........................................................         54.7
813........................................................         54.6
814........................................................         54.1
815........................................................         53.3
816........................................................         53.1
817........................................................         52.3
818........................................................         51.5
819........................................................         51.3
820........................................................         50.9
821........................................................         50.7
822........................................................         49.2
823........................................................         48.3
824........................................................         48.1
825........................................................         48.1
826........................................................         48.1
827........................................................         48.1
828........................................................         47.6
829........................................................         47.5
830........................................................         47.5
831........................................................         47.2
832........................................................         46.5
833........................................................         45.4
834........................................................         44.6
835........................................................         43.5
836........................................................         41.0
837........................................................         38.1
838........................................................         35.4
839........................................................         33.0
840........................................................         30.9
841........................................................         30.9
842........................................................         32.3
843........................................................         33.6
844........................................................         34.4
845........................................................         35.4
846........................................................         36.4
847........................................................         37.3
848........................................................         38.6
849........................................................         40.2
850........................................................         41.8
851........................................................         42.8
852........................................................         42.8
853........................................................         43.1
854........................................................         43.5
855........................................................         43.8
856........................................................         44.7
857........................................................         45.2
858........................................................         46.3
859........................................................         46.5
860........................................................         46.7
861........................................................         46.8
862........................................................         46.7
863........................................................         45.2
864........................................................         44.3
865........................................................         43.5
866........................................................         41.5
867........................................................         40.2
868........................................................         39.4
869........................................................         39.9
870........................................................         40.4
871........................................................         41.0
872........................................................         41.4
873........................................................         42.2
874........................................................         43.3
875........................................................         44.3
876........................................................         44.7
877........................................................         45.7
878........................................................         46.7
879........................................................         47.0
880........................................................         46.8
881........................................................         46.7
882........................................................         46.5
883........................................................         45.9
884........................................................         45.2
885........................................................         45.1
886........................................................         45.1
887........................................................         44.4
888........................................................         43.8
889........................................................         42.8
890........................................................         43.5
891........................................................         44.3
892........................................................         44.7
893........................................................         45.1
894........................................................         44.7
895........................................................         45.1
896........................................................         45.1
897........................................................         45.1
898........................................................         44.6
899........................................................         44.1
900........................................................         43.3
901........................................................         42.8
902........................................................         42.6
903........................................................         42.6
904........................................................         42.6
905........................................................         42.3
906........................................................         42.2
907........................................................         42.2
908........................................................         41.7
909........................................................         41.2
910........................................................         41.2
911........................................................         41.7
912........................................................         41.5
913........................................................         41.0
914........................................................         39.6
915........................................................         37.8
916........................................................         35.7
917........................................................         34.8
918........................................................         34.8
919........................................................         34.9
920........................................................         36.4
921........................................................         37.7
922........................................................         38.6
923........................................................         38.9
924........................................................         39.3

[[Page 1149]]

 
925........................................................         40.1
926........................................................         40.4
927........................................................         40.6
928........................................................         40.7
929........................................................         41.0
930........................................................         40.6
931........................................................         40.2
932........................................................         40.2
933........................................................         40.2
934........................................................         39.8
935........................................................         39.4
936........................................................         39.1
937........................................................         39.1
938........................................................         39.4
939........................................................         40.2
940........................................................         40.2
941........................................................         39.6
942........................................................         39.6
943........................................................         38.8
944........................................................         39.4
945........................................................         40.4
946........................................................         41.2
947........................................................         40.4
948........................................................         38.6
949........................................................         35.4
950........................................................         32.3
951........................................................         27.2
952........................................................         21.9
953........................................................         16.6
954........................................................         11.3
955........................................................          6.0
956........................................................          0.6
957........................................................            0
958........................................................            0
959........................................................            0
960........................................................          3.2
961........................................................          8.5
962........................................................         13.8
963........................................................         19.2
964........................................................         24.5
965........................................................         28.2
966........................................................         29.9
967........................................................         32.2
968........................................................         34.0
969........................................................         35.4
970........................................................         37.0
971........................................................         39.4
972........................................................         42.3
973........................................................         44.3
974........................................................         45.2
975........................................................         45.7
976........................................................         45.9
977........................................................         45.9
978........................................................         45.9
979........................................................         44.6
980........................................................         44.3
981........................................................         43.8
982........................................................         43.1
983........................................................         42.6
984........................................................         41.8
985........................................................         41.4
986........................................................         40.6
987........................................................         38.6
988........................................................         35.4
989........................................................         34.6
990........................................................         34.6
991........................................................         35.1
992........................................................         36.2
993........................................................         37.0
994........................................................         36.7
995........................................................         36.7
996........................................................         37.0
997........................................................         36.5
998........................................................         36.5
999........................................................         36.5
1,000......................................................         37.8
1,001......................................................         38.6
1,002......................................................         39.6
1,003......................................................         39.9
1,004......................................................         40.4
1,005......................................................         41.0
1,006......................................................         41.2
1,007......................................................         41.0
1,008......................................................         40.2
1,009......................................................         38.8
1,010......................................................         38.1
1,011......................................................         37.3
1,012......................................................         36.9
1,013......................................................         36.2
1,014......................................................         35.4
1,015......................................................         34.8
1,016......................................................         33.0
1,017......................................................         28.2
1,018......................................................         22.9
1,019......................................................         17.5
1,020......................................................         12.2
1,021......................................................          6.9
1,022......................................................          1.6
1,023......................................................            0
1,024......................................................            0
1,025......................................................            0
1,026......................................................            0
1,027......................................................            0
1,028......................................................            0
1,029......................................................            0
1,030......................................................            0
1,031......................................................            0
1,032......................................................            0
1,033......................................................            0
1,034......................................................            0
1,035......................................................            0
1,036......................................................            0
1,037......................................................            0
1,038......................................................            0
1,039......................................................            0
1,040......................................................            0
1,041......................................................            0
1,042......................................................            0
1,043......................................................            0
1,044......................................................            0
1,045......................................................            0
1,046......................................................            0
1,047......................................................            0
1,048......................................................            0
1,049......................................................            0
1,050......................................................            0
1,051......................................................            0
1,052......................................................            0
1,053......................................................          1.9
1,054......................................................          6.4
1,055......................................................         11.7
1,056......................................................         17.1
1,057......................................................         22.4
1,058......................................................         27.4
1,059......................................................         29.8
1,060......................................................         32.2
1,061......................................................         35.1
1,062......................................................         37.0
1,063......................................................         38.6
1,064......................................................         39.9

[[Page 1150]]

 
1,065......................................................         41.2
1,066......................................................         42.6
1,067......................................................         43.1
1,068......................................................         44.1
1,069......................................................         44.9
1,070......................................................         45.5
1,071......................................................         45.1
1,072......................................................         44.3
1,073......................................................         43.5
1,074......................................................         43.5
1,075......................................................         42.3
1,076......................................................         39.4
1,077......................................................         36.2
1,078......................................................         34.6
1,079......................................................         33.2
1,080......................................................         29.0
1,081......................................................         24.1
1,082......................................................         19.8
1,083......................................................         17.9
1,084......................................................         17.1
1,085......................................................         16.1
1,086......................................................         15.3
1,087......................................................         14.6
1,088......................................................         14.0
1,089......................................................         13.8
1,090......................................................         14.2
1,091......................................................         14.5
1,092......................................................         14.0
1,093......................................................         13.8
1,094......................................................         12.9
1,095......................................................         11.3
1,096......................................................          8.0
1,097......................................................          6.8
1,098......................................................          4.2
1,099......................................................          1.6
1,100......................................................          0.9
1,101......................................................          0.2
1,102......................................................          1.0
1,103......................................................          2.6
1,104......................................................          5.8
1,105......................................................         11.1
1,106......................................................         16.1
1,107......................................................         20.6
1,108......................................................         22.5
1,109......................................................         23.3
1,110......................................................         25.7
1,111......................................................         29.1
1,112......................................................         32.2
1,113......................................................         33.8
1,114......................................................         34.1
1,115......................................................         34.3
1,116......................................................         34.4
1,117......................................................         34.9
1,118......................................................         36.2
1,119......................................................         37.0
1,120......................................................         38.3
1,121......................................................         39.4
1,122......................................................         40.2
1,123......................................................         40.1
1,124......................................................         39.9
1,125......................................................         40.2
1,126......................................................         40.9
1,127......................................................         41.5
1,128......................................................         41.8
1,129......................................................         42.5
1,130......................................................         42.8
1,131......................................................         43.3
1,132......................................................         43.5
1,133......................................................         43.5
1,134......................................................         43.5
1,135......................................................         43.3
1,136......................................................         43.1
1,137......................................................         43.1
1,138......................................................         42.6
1,139......................................................         42.5
1,140......................................................         41.8
1,141......................................................         41.0
1,142......................................................         39.6
1,143......................................................         37.8
1,144......................................................         34.6
1,145......................................................         32.2
1,146......................................................         28.2
1,147......................................................         25.7
1,148......................................................         22.5
1,149......................................................         17.2
1,150......................................................         11.9
1,151......................................................          6.6
1,152......................................................          1.3
1,153......................................................            0
1,154......................................................            0
1,155......................................................            0
1,156......................................................            0
1,157......................................................            0
1,158......................................................            0
1,159......................................................            0
1,160......................................................            0
1,161......................................................            0
1,162......................................................            0
1,163......................................................            0
1,164......................................................            0
1,165......................................................            0
1,166......................................................            0
1,167......................................................            0
1,168......................................................            0
1,169......................................................          3.4
1,170......................................................          8.7
1,171......................................................         14.0
1,172......................................................         19.3
1,173......................................................         24.6
1,174......................................................         29.9
1,175......................................................         34.0
1,176......................................................         37.0
1,177......................................................         37.8
1,178......................................................         37.0
1,179......................................................         36.2
1,180......................................................         32.2
1,181......................................................         26.9
1,182......................................................         21.6
1,183......................................................         16.3
1,184......................................................         10.9
1,185......................................................          5.6
1,186......................................................          0.3
1,187......................................................            0
1,188......................................................            0
1,189......................................................            0
1,190......................................................            0
1,191......................................................            0
1,192......................................................            0
1,193......................................................          0.0
1,194......................................................          0.0
1,195......................................................          0.0
1,196......................................................          0.0
1,197......................................................          0.3
1,198......................................................          2.4
1,199......................................................          5.6
1,200......................................................         10.5
1,201......................................................         15.8
1,202......................................................         19.3
1,203......................................................         20.8
1,204......................................................         20.9

[[Page 1151]]

 
1,205......................................................         20.3
1,206......................................................         20.6
1,207......................................................         21.1
1,208......................................................         21.1
1,209......................................................         22.5
1,210......................................................         24.9
1,211......................................................         27.4
1,212......................................................         29.9
1,213......................................................         31.7
1,214......................................................         33.8
1,215......................................................         34.6
1,216......................................................         35.1
1,217......................................................         35.1
1,218......................................................         34.6
1,219......................................................         34.1
1,220......................................................         34.6
1,221......................................................         35.1
1,222......................................................         35.4
1,223......................................................         35.2
1,224......................................................         34.9
1,225......................................................         34.6
1,226......................................................         34.6
1,227......................................................         34.4
1,228......................................................         32.3
1,229......................................................         31.4
1,230......................................................         30.9
1,231......................................................         31.5
1,232......................................................         31.9
1,233......................................................         32.2
1,234......................................................         31.4
1,235......................................................         28.2
1,236......................................................         24.9
1,237......................................................         20.9
1,238......................................................         16.1
1,239......................................................         12.9
1.240......................................................          9.7
1,241......................................................          6.4
1,242......................................................          4.0
1,243......................................................          1.1
1,244......................................................            0
1,245......................................................            0
1,246......................................................            0
1,247......................................................            0
1,248......................................................            0
1,249......................................................            0
1,250......................................................            0
1,251......................................................            0
1,252......................................................          1.6
1,253......................................................          1.6
1,254......................................................          1.6
1,255......................................................          1.6
1,256......................................................          1.6
1,257......................................................          2.6
1,258......................................................          4.8
1,259......................................................          6.4
1,260......................................................          8.0
1,261......................................................         10.1
1,262......................................................         12.9
1,263......................................................         16.1
1,264......................................................         16.9
1,265......................................................         15.3
1,266......................................................         13.7
1,267......................................................         12.2
1,268......................................................         14.2
1,269......................................................         17.7
1,270......................................................         22.5
1,271......................................................         27.4
1,272......................................................         31.4
1,273......................................................         33.8
1,274......................................................         35.1
1,275......................................................         35.7
1,276......................................................         37.0
1,277......................................................         38.0
1,278......................................................         38.8
1,279......................................................         39.4
1,280......................................................         39.4
1,281......................................................         38.6
1,282......................................................         37.8
1,283......................................................         37.8
1,284......................................................         37.8
1,285......................................................         37.8
1,286......................................................         37.8
1,287......................................................         37.8
1,288......................................................         38.6
1,289......................................................         38.8
1,290......................................................         39.4
1,291......................................................         39.8
1,292......................................................         40.2
1,293......................................................         40.9
1,294......................................................         41.2
1,295......................................................         41.4
1,296......................................................         41.8
1,297......................................................         42.2
1,298......................................................         43.5
1,299......................................................         44.7
1,300......................................................         45.5
1,301......................................................         46.7
1,302......................................................         46.8
1,303......................................................         46.7
1,304......................................................         45.1
1,305......................................................         39.8
1,306......................................................         34.4
1,307......................................................         29.1
1,308......................................................         23.8
1,309......................................................         18.5
1,310......................................................         13.2
1,311......................................................          7.9
1,312......................................................          2.6
1,313......................................................            0
1,314......................................................            0
1,315......................................................            0
1,316......................................................            0
1,317......................................................            0
1,318......................................................            0
1,319......................................................            0
1,320......................................................            0
1,321......................................................            0
1,322......................................................            0
1,323......................................................            0
1,324......................................................            0
1,325......................................................            0
1,326......................................................            0
1,327......................................................            0
1,328......................................................            0
1,329......................................................            0
1,330......................................................            0
1,331......................................................            0
1,332......................................................            0
1,333......................................................            0
1,334......................................................            0
1,335......................................................            0
1,336......................................................            0
1,337......................................................            0
1,338......................................................          2.4
1,339......................................................          7.7
1,340......................................................         13.0
1,341......................................................         16.3
1,342......................................................         21.2
1,343......................................................         24.3
1,344......................................................         27.0

[[Page 1152]]

 
1,345......................................................         29.5
1,346......................................................         31.4
1,347......................................................         32.7
1,348......................................................         34.3
1,349......................................................         35.2
1,350......................................................         35.6
1,351......................................................         36.0
1,352......................................................         35.4
1,353......................................................         34.8
1,354......................................................         34.0
1,355......................................................         33.0
1,356......................................................         32.2
1,357......................................................         31.8
1,358......................................................         29.8
1,359......................................................         28.2
1,360......................................................         26.6
1,361......................................................         24.9
1,362......................................................         22.5
1,363......................................................         17.7
1,364......................................................         12.9
1,365......................................................          8.4
1,366......................................................          4.0
1,367......................................................            0
1,368......................................................            0
1,369......................................................            0
1,370......................................................            0
1,371......................................................            0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy-Duty Vehicles.

                       Speed Versus Time Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Speed
                          Record (sec)                            (mph)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0..............................................................     0.0
1..............................................................     0.0
2..............................................................     0.0
3..............................................................     0.0
4..............................................................     0.0
5..............................................................     0.0
6..............................................................     0.0
7..............................................................     0.0
8..............................................................     0.0
9..............................................................     0.0
10.............................................................     0.0
11.............................................................     0.0
12.............................................................     0.0
13.............................................................     0.0
14.............................................................     0.0
15.............................................................     0.0
16.............................................................     0.0
17.............................................................     0.0
18.............................................................     0.0
19.............................................................     0.0
20.............................................................     0.0
21.............................................................     0.0
22.............................................................     0.0
23.............................................................     0.0
24.............................................................     0.0
25.............................................................     0.19
26.............................................................     1.00
27.............................................................     1.51
28.............................................................     2.66
29.............................................................     4.64
30.............................................................     6.96
31.............................................................     8.86
32.............................................................     7.71
33.............................................................     7.45
34.............................................................     9.22
35.............................................................    10.00
36.............................................................     9.08
37.............................................................    10.08
38.............................................................    11.24
39.............................................................    12.79
40.............................................................    14.00
41.............................................................    12.58
42.............................................................    12.87
43.............................................................    13.00
44.............................................................    13.00
45.............................................................    13.68
46.............................................................    15.00
47.............................................................    15.00
48.............................................................    13.37
49.............................................................    12.08
50.............................................................    12.26
51.............................................................    14.29
52.............................................................    14.56
53.............................................................    15.20
54.............................................................    16.76
55.............................................................    17.00
56.............................................................    17.00
57.............................................................    17.23
58.............................................................    18.77
59.............................................................    20.54
60.............................................................    19.60
61.............................................................    18.14
62.............................................................    17.98
63.............................................................    17.00
64.............................................................    16.34
65.............................................................    15.00
66.............................................................    15.00
67.............................................................    15.00
68.............................................................    15.96
69.............................................................    12.35
70.............................................................    15.28
71.............................................................    14.27
72.............................................................    12.59
73.............................................................    12.25
74.............................................................     9.28
75.............................................................     8.00
76.............................................................     8.00
77.............................................................     8.38
78.............................................................     9.53
79.............................................................    10.69
80.............................................................    11.00
81.............................................................     9.00
82.............................................................     9.00
83.............................................................     9.32
84.............................................................    10.00
85.............................................................     9.36
86.............................................................     9.00
87.............................................................     9.95
88.............................................................    14.33
89.............................................................    17.53
90.............................................................    19.42
91.............................................................    20.00
92.............................................................    20.74
93.............................................................    21.00
94.............................................................    21.11
95.............................................................    23.84
96.............................................................    27.00
97.............................................................    27.00
98.............................................................    29.05
99.............................................................    32.52
100............................................................    31.01
101............................................................    31.00
102............................................................    31.62
103............................................................    33.00
104............................................................    32.37

[[Page 1153]]

 
105............................................................    30.43
106............................................................    30.00
107............................................................    30.00
108............................................................    30.51
109............................................................    32.41
110............................................................    33.00
111............................................................    32.27
112............................................................    32.00
113............................................................    31.04
114............................................................    32.20
115............................................................    33.36
116............................................................    34.00
117............................................................    34.00
118............................................................    34.00
119............................................................    33.01
120............................................................    31.86
121............................................................    30.10
122............................................................    26.17
123............................................................    23.39
124............................................................    21.46
125............................................................    17.28
126............................................................    15.83
127............................................................    13.76
128............................................................    12.60
129............................................................    10.33
130............................................................     8.28
131............................................................     5.38
132............................................................     2.91
133............................................................     0.0
134............................................................     0.0
135............................................................     0.0
136............................................................     0.0
137............................................................     0.0
138............................................................     0.0
139............................................................     0.0
140............................................................     0.0
141............................................................     0.0
142............................................................     0.0
143............................................................     0.0
144............................................................     0.0
145............................................................     0.0
146............................................................     0.0
147............................................................     0.0
148............................................................     0.0
149............................................................     0.0
150............................................................     0.0
151............................................................     0.0
152............................................................     0.0
153............................................................     0.0
154............................................................     0.0
155............................................................     0.0
156............................................................     0.0
157............................................................     0.0
158............................................................     0.0
159............................................................     0.0
160............................................................     0.0
161............................................................     0.0
162............................................................     0.0
163............................................................     0.0
164............................................................     0.0
165............................................................     0.0
166............................................................     0.0
167............................................................     0.0
168............................................................     0.0
169............................................................     0.0
170............................................................     0.0
171............................................................     0.0
172............................................................     0.0
173............................................................     0.0
174............................................................     0.51
175............................................................     0.33
176............................................................     0.0
177............................................................     0.0
178............................................................     0.0
179............................................................     0.0
180............................................................     0.0
181............................................................     0.0
182............................................................     0.0
183............................................................     0.0
184............................................................     0.0
185............................................................     0.0
186............................................................     0.0
187............................................................     0.0
188............................................................     0.0
189............................................................     0.0
190............................................................     0.0
191............................................................     0.0
192............................................................     0.0
193............................................................     0.0
194............................................................     0.0
195............................................................     0.0
196............................................................     0.0
197............................................................     0.13
198............................................................     0.71
199............................................................     0.0
200............................................................     0.0
201............................................................     0.0
202............................................................     0.0
203............................................................     4.15
204............................................................     6.00
205............................................................     6.00
206............................................................     6.00
207............................................................     5.30
208............................................................     4.14
209............................................................     1.96
210............................................................     0.0
211............................................................     0.0
212............................................................     0.0
213............................................................     0.0
214............................................................     0.0
215............................................................     0.0
216............................................................     0.0
217............................................................     0.0
218............................................................     0.0
219............................................................     0.0
220............................................................     0.0
221............................................................     0.0
222............................................................     0.0
223............................................................     0.0
224............................................................     0.0
225............................................................     0.0
226............................................................     0.0
227............................................................     0.0
228............................................................     0.0
229............................................................     0.0
230............................................................     0.0
231............................................................     0.48
232............................................................     1.64
233............................................................     0.41
234............................................................     0.0
235............................................................     0.0
236............................................................     0.0
237............................................................     0.0
238............................................................     0.0
239............................................................     0.0
240............................................................     0.0
241............................................................     0.0
242............................................................     0.0
243............................................................     0.0
244............................................................     0.0
245............................................................     0.0
246............................................................     0.0

[[Page 1154]]

 
247............................................................     0.0
248............................................................     0.0
249............................................................     0.0
250............................................................     0.0
251............................................................     0.0
252............................................................     0.0
253............................................................     0.0
254............................................................     0.0
255............................................................     0.0
256............................................................     0.0
257............................................................     0.0
258............................................................     0.0
259............................................................     0.0
260............................................................     0.0
261............................................................     0.0
262............................................................     0.0
263............................................................     0.0
264............................................................     0.0
265............................................................     0.0
266............................................................     0.0
267............................................................     0.0
268............................................................     0.0
269............................................................     0.0
270............................................................     0.0
271............................................................     0.0
272............................................................     0.0
273............................................................     0.0
274............................................................     0.0
275............................................................     0.0
276............................................................     0.0
277............................................................     0.0
278............................................................     0.0
279............................................................     0.0
280............................................................     0.0
281............................................................     0.0
282............................................................     0.0
283............................................................     0.0
284............................................................     0.0
285............................................................     0.0
286............................................................     0.0
287............................................................     0.0
288............................................................     0.0
289............................................................     0.0
290............................................................     0.0
291............................................................     0.0
292............................................................     0.0
293............................................................     0.0
294............................................................     0.0
295............................................................     0.0
296............................................................     0.0
297............................................................     0.0
298............................................................     0.0
299............................................................     0.0
300............................................................     0.24
301............................................................     0.60
302............................................................     0.0
303............................................................     1.42
304............................................................     2.00
305............................................................     3.08
306............................................................     5.63
307............................................................     4.00
308............................................................     4.00
309............................................................     3.34
310............................................................     1.37
311............................................................     1.00
312............................................................     0.0
313............................................................     0.0
314............................................................     0.0
315............................................................     0.0
316............................................................     0.0
317............................................................     0.0
318............................................................     0.0
319............................................................     0.23
320............................................................     1.39
321............................................................     2.00
322............................................................     4.11
323............................................................     5.00
324............................................................     6.02
325............................................................     7.18
326............................................................     7.33
327............................................................     6.49
328............................................................     7.00
329............................................................     7.00
330............................................................     7.00
331............................................................     7.00
332............................................................     7.00
333............................................................     7.43
334............................................................     8.00
335............................................................     8.00
336............................................................     7.09
337............................................................    11.06
338............................................................    12.89
339............................................................    14.49
340............................................................    11.46
341............................................................    13.08
342............................................................    16.55
343............................................................    16.00
344............................................................    15.34
345............................................................    12.32
346............................................................    13.00
347............................................................    13.00
348............................................................    13.00
349............................................................    15.86
350............................................................    12.00
351............................................................    11.73
352............................................................    11.00
353............................................................    11.00
354............................................................    11.00
355............................................................    11.90
356............................................................    12.89
357............................................................    10.36
358............................................................     7.26
359............................................................     4.95
360............................................................     4.68
361............................................................     6.68
362............................................................     8.00
363............................................................     7.84
364............................................................     7.00
365............................................................     6.53
366............................................................     7.89
367............................................................    10.57
368............................................................    11.00
369............................................................    10.10
370............................................................    10.74
371............................................................    10.42
372............................................................    11.00
373............................................................    12.46
374............................................................    14.77
375............................................................    14.09
376............................................................    16.20
377............................................................    17.00
378............................................................    17.00
379............................................................    17.00
380............................................................    17.00
381............................................................    15.02
382............................................................    15.71
383............................................................    14.00
384............................................................    14.92
385............................................................    15.38
386............................................................    15.78
387............................................................    16.00
388............................................................    16.00

[[Page 1155]]

 
389............................................................    16.25
390............................................................    17.41
391............................................................    18.56
392............................................................    19.00
393............................................................    19.88
394............................................................    21.00
395............................................................    21.00
396............................................................    21.00
397............................................................    20.49
398............................................................    20.00
399............................................................    19.18
400............................................................    19.00
401............................................................    18.86
402............................................................    18.29
403............................................................    19.00
404............................................................    19.61
405............................................................    20.00
406............................................................    20.00
407............................................................    20.00
408............................................................    20.00
409............................................................    20.00
410............................................................    19.45
411............................................................    20.42
412............................................................    21.87
413............................................................    20.97
414............................................................    20.37
415............................................................    22.00
416............................................................    22.00
417............................................................    22.66
418............................................................    23.00
419............................................................    23.97
420............................................................    25.51
421............................................................    29.00
422............................................................    29.00
423............................................................    29.00
424............................................................    30.51
425............................................................    31.00
426............................................................    30.00
427............................................................    30.00
428............................................................    30.00
429............................................................    30.54
430............................................................    31.00
431............................................................    31.86
432............................................................    31.00
433............................................................    31.17
434............................................................    32.33
435............................................................    33.00
436............................................................    33.00
437............................................................    33.80
438............................................................    34.00
439............................................................    35.12
440............................................................    36.00
441............................................................    36.00
442............................................................    34.82
443............................................................    33.25
444............................................................    32.09
445............................................................    32.00
446............................................................    32.00
447............................................................    32.00
448............................................................    32.00
449............................................................    32.00
450............................................................    32.85
451............................................................    33.01
452............................................................    34.00
453............................................................    33.68
454............................................................    32.52
455............................................................    32.00
456............................................................    32.00
457............................................................    32.95
458............................................................    33.00
459............................................................    33.00
460............................................................    33.42
461............................................................    34.00
462............................................................    34.74
463............................................................    35.00
464............................................................    35.00
465............................................................    35.00
466............................................................    35.00
467............................................................    35.00
468............................................................    35.00
469............................................................    35.84
470............................................................    37.99
471............................................................    38.00
472............................................................    37.69
473............................................................    38.41
474............................................................    39.37
475............................................................    39.00
476............................................................    39.00
477............................................................    38.10
478............................................................    39.00
479............................................................    39.41
480............................................................    40.57
481............................................................    41.73
482............................................................    42.00
483............................................................    41.92
484............................................................    40.00
485............................................................    40.00
486............................................................    39.49
487............................................................    37.66
488............................................................    37.00
489............................................................    36.01
490............................................................    34.86
491............................................................    33.70
492............................................................    32.54
493............................................................    29.54
494............................................................    26.46
495............................................................    22.28
496............................................................    19.91
497............................................................    18.76
498............................................................    17.60
499............................................................    16.44
500............................................................    14.57
501............................................................    13.13
502............................................................    11.97
503............................................................    10.81
504............................................................     9.31
505............................................................     7.50
506............................................................     6.34
507............................................................     4.37
508............................................................     3.03
509............................................................     1.87
510............................................................     0.71
511............................................................     0.0
512............................................................     0.0
513............................................................     0.0
514............................................................     0.0
515............................................................     0.0
516............................................................     0.0
517............................................................     0.0
518............................................................     0.0
519............................................................     0.0
520............................................................     0.0
521............................................................     0.0
522............................................................     0.0
523............................................................     0.0
524............................................................     0.0
525............................................................     0.0
526............................................................     0.0
527............................................................     0.0
528............................................................     0.0
529............................................................     0.0
530............................................................     0.0

[[Page 1156]]

 
531............................................................     0.0
532............................................................     0.0
533............................................................     0.0
534............................................................     0.0
535............................................................     0.0
536............................................................     0.0
537............................................................     0.0
538............................................................     0.0
539............................................................     0.0
540............................................................     0.0
541............................................................     0.0
542............................................................     0.0
543............................................................     0.0
544............................................................     2.36
545............................................................     3.94
546............................................................     5.31
547............................................................     8.26
548............................................................     9.42
549............................................................    11.15
550............................................................    12.73
551............................................................    14.78
552............................................................    16.05
553............................................................    17.41
554............................................................    19.72
555............................................................    21.52
556............................................................    23.35
557............................................................    24.83
558............................................................    25.99
559............................................................    27.15
560............................................................    28.31
561............................................................    29.46
562............................................................    30.62
563............................................................    31.78
564............................................................    32.94
565............................................................    34.18
566............................................................    36.25
567............................................................    37.41
568............................................................    38.56
569............................................................    39.72
570............................................................    40.00
571............................................................    40.00
572............................................................    40.00
573............................................................    40.00
574............................................................    40.00
575............................................................    40.00
576............................................................    40.82
577............................................................    41.00
578............................................................    41.00
579............................................................    41.30
580............................................................    42.00
581............................................................    42.00
582............................................................    42.00
583............................................................    42.93
584............................................................    43.00
585............................................................    43.00
586............................................................    43.00
587............................................................    43.56
588............................................................    44.71
589............................................................    45.00
590............................................................    44.97
591............................................................    44.18
592............................................................    44.66
593............................................................    44.00
594............................................................    44.00
595............................................................    44.81
596............................................................    45.00
597............................................................    45.00
598............................................................    45.00
599............................................................    45.44
600............................................................    46.00
601............................................................    46.00
602............................................................    46.92
603............................................................    47.00
604............................................................    47.00
605............................................................    47.00
606............................................................    47.00
607............................................................    47.00
608............................................................    47.00
609............................................................    47.04
610............................................................    49.00
611............................................................    49.33
612............................................................    49.51
613............................................................    49.00
614............................................................    49.00
615............................................................    49.00
616............................................................    49.00
617............................................................    48.72
618............................................................    48.87
619............................................................    50.00
620............................................................    50.00
621............................................................    50.00
622............................................................    50.00
623............................................................    49.78
624............................................................    49.00
625............................................................    49.00
626............................................................    49.69
627............................................................    50.00
628............................................................    50.00
629............................................................    50.00
630............................................................    49.68
631............................................................    49.00
632............................................................    49.00
633............................................................    48.20
634............................................................    48.00
635............................................................    48.00
636............................................................    48.27
637............................................................    49.00
638............................................................    49.58
639............................................................    50.00
640............................................................    50.00
641............................................................    50.00
642............................................................    50.00
643............................................................    50.00
644............................................................    50.00
645............................................................    50.00
646............................................................    50.00
647............................................................    50.00
648............................................................    50.00
649............................................................    50.00
650............................................................    50.47
651............................................................    51.00
652............................................................    51.00
653............................................................    51.00
654............................................................    51.00
655............................................................    51.00
656............................................................    51.42
657............................................................    52.00
658............................................................    52.00
659............................................................    52.00
660............................................................    52.00
661............................................................    52.20
662............................................................    53.00
663............................................................    53.00
664............................................................    53.00
665............................................................    53.00
666............................................................    53.00
667............................................................    53.00
668............................................................    53.00
669............................................................    53.00
670............................................................    52.38
671............................................................    52.00
672............................................................    52.93

[[Page 1157]]

 
673............................................................    52.91
674............................................................    52.25
675............................................................    53.00
676............................................................    53.00
677............................................................    53.00
678............................................................    53.00
679............................................................    53.00
680............................................................    53.00
681............................................................    53.00
682............................................................    53.00
683............................................................    53.00
684............................................................    53.00
685............................................................    53.98
686............................................................    55.00
687............................................................    55.00
688............................................................    55.00
689............................................................    55.00
690............................................................    55.00
691............................................................    55.00
692............................................................    55.00
693............................................................    55.00
694............................................................    55.00
695............................................................    55.00
696............................................................    55.00
697............................................................    55.00
698............................................................    55.00
699............................................................    55.00
700............................................................    55.00
701............................................................    54.50
702............................................................    54.66
703............................................................    55.00
704............................................................    54.03
705............................................................    54.00
706............................................................    54.00
707............................................................    54.00
708............................................................    54.00
709............................................................    54.00
710............................................................    54.00
711............................................................    54.00
712............................................................    54.00
713............................................................    54.77
714............................................................    56.00
715............................................................    56.00
716............................................................    56.00
717............................................................    56.02
718............................................................    57.00
719............................................................    56.67
720............................................................    56.00
721............................................................    56.00
722............................................................    56.00
723............................................................    56.00
724............................................................    56.00
725............................................................    56.00
726............................................................    56.00
727............................................................    56.00
728............................................................    56.00
729............................................................    56.91
730............................................................    57.00
731............................................................    57.00
732............................................................    57.00
733............................................................    57.00
734............................................................    57.00
735............................................................    57.85
736............................................................    58.00
737............................................................    58.00
738............................................................    58.00
739............................................................    58.00
740............................................................    58.00
741............................................................    58.00
742............................................................    58.00
743............................................................    58.00
744............................................................    58.00
745............................................................    57.15
746............................................................    56.00
747............................................................    56.00
748............................................................    56.00
749............................................................    56.00
750............................................................    56.00
751............................................................    55.63
752............................................................    55.00
753............................................................    55.00
754............................................................    55.00
755............................................................    55.00
756............................................................    55.00
757............................................................    55.00
758............................................................    55.00
759............................................................    55.00
760............................................................    54.22
761............................................................    54.00
762............................................................    54.00
763............................................................    54.00
764............................................................    54.00
765............................................................    54.00
766............................................................    54.00
767............................................................    54.00
768............................................................    54.00
769............................................................    54.00
770............................................................    54.00
771............................................................    54.00
772............................................................    54.00
773............................................................    54.00
774............................................................    53.01
775............................................................    50.86
776............................................................    49.70
777............................................................    48.54
778............................................................    47.39
779............................................................    46.23
780............................................................    45.07
781............................................................    43.91
782............................................................    42.51
783............................................................    40.60
784............................................................    39.44
785............................................................    38.28
786............................................................    37.13
787............................................................    35.94
788............................................................    33.81
789............................................................    32.66
790............................................................    30.50
791............................................................    28.34
792............................................................    26.37
793............................................................    25.03
794............................................................    21.87
795............................................................    19.85
796............................................................    16.56
797............................................................    15.40
798............................................................    14.24
799............................................................    12.17
800............................................................    10.71
801............................................................     6.08
802............................................................     2.61
803............................................................     1.45
804............................................................     0.30
805............................................................     0.0
806............................................................     0.0
807............................................................     0.0
808............................................................     0.0
809............................................................     0.0
810............................................................     0.0
811............................................................     0.0
812............................................................     0.0
813............................................................     0.0
814............................................................     0.0

[[Page 1158]]

 
815............................................................     0.0
816............................................................     0.0
817............................................................     0.0
818............................................................     0.0
819............................................................     0.0
820............................................................     0.0
821............................................................     0.0
822............................................................     0.0
823............................................................     0.0
824............................................................     0.0
825............................................................     0.0
826............................................................     0.0
827............................................................     0.0
828............................................................     0.0
829............................................................     0.0
830............................................................     0.0
831............................................................     0.19
832............................................................     1.00
833............................................................     1.51
834............................................................     2.66
835............................................................     4.64
836............................................................     6.96
837............................................................     8.86
838............................................................     7.71
839............................................................     7.45
840............................................................     9.22
841............................................................    10.00
842............................................................     9.08
843............................................................    10.08
844............................................................    11.24
845............................................................    12.79
846............................................................    14.00
847............................................................    12.58
848............................................................    12.87
849............................................................    13.00
850............................................................    13.00
851............................................................    13.68
852............................................................    15.00
853............................................................    15.00
854............................................................    13.37
855............................................................    12.03
856............................................................    12.26
857............................................................    14.29
858............................................................    14.56
859............................................................    15.20
860............................................................    16.76
861............................................................    17.00
862............................................................    17.00
863............................................................    17.23
864............................................................    18.77
865............................................................    20.54
866............................................................    19.60
867............................................................    18.14
868............................................................    17.98
869............................................................    17.00
870............................................................    16.34
871............................................................    15.00
872............................................................    15.00
873............................................................    15.00
874............................................................    15.96
875............................................................    12.35
876............................................................    15.28
877............................................................    14.27
878............................................................    12.59
879............................................................    12.25
880............................................................     9.28
881............................................................     8.00
882............................................................     8.00
883............................................................     8.38
884............................................................     9.53
885............................................................    10.69
886............................................................    11.00
887............................................................     9.00
888............................................................     9.00
889............................................................     9.32
890............................................................    10.00
891............................................................     9.36
892............................................................     9.00
893............................................................     9.95
894............................................................    14.33
895............................................................    17.53
896............................................................    19.42
897............................................................    20.00
898............................................................    20.74
899............................................................    21.00
900............................................................    21.11
901............................................................    23.84
902............................................................    27.00
903............................................................    27.00
904............................................................    29.05
905............................................................    32.52
906............................................................    31.01
907............................................................    31.00
908............................................................    31.62
909............................................................    33.00
910............................................................    32.37
911............................................................    30.43
912............................................................    30.00
913............................................................    30.00
914............................................................    30.51
915............................................................    32.41
916............................................................    33.00
917............................................................    32.27
918............................................................    32.00
919............................................................    31.04
920............................................................    32.20
921............................................................    33.36
922............................................................    34.00
923............................................................    34.00
924............................................................    34.00
925............................................................    33.01
926............................................................    31.86
927............................................................    30.10
928............................................................    26.17
929............................................................    23.39
930............................................................    21.46
931............................................................    17.28
932............................................................    15.83
933............................................................    13.76
934............................................................    12.60
935............................................................    10.33
936............................................................     8.28
937............................................................     5.38
938............................................................     2.91
939............................................................     0.0
940............................................................     0.0
941............................................................     0.0
942............................................................     0.0
943............................................................     0.0
944............................................................     0.0
945............................................................     0.0
946............................................................     0.0
947............................................................     0.0
948............................................................     0.0
949............................................................     0.0
950............................................................     0.0
951............................................................     0.0
952............................................................     0.0
953............................................................     0.0
954............................................................     0.0
955............................................................     0.0
956............................................................     0.0

[[Page 1159]]

 
957............................................................     0.0
958............................................................     0.0
959............................................................     0.0
960............................................................     0.0
961............................................................     0.0
962............................................................     0.0
963............................................................     0.0
964............................................................     0.0
965............................................................     0.0
966............................................................     0.0
967............................................................     0.0
968............................................................     0.0
969............................................................     0.0
970............................................................     0.0
971............................................................     0.0
972............................................................     0.0
973............................................................     0.0
974............................................................     0.0
975............................................................     0.0
976............................................................     0.0
977............................................................     0.0
978............................................................     0.0
979............................................................     0.0
980............................................................     0.51
981............................................................     0.33
982............................................................     0.0
983............................................................     0.0
984............................................................     0.0
985............................................................     0.0
986............................................................     0.0
987............................................................     0.0
988............................................................     0.0
989............................................................     0.0
990............................................................     0.0
991............................................................     0.0
992............................................................     0.0
993............................................................     0.0
994............................................................     0.0
995............................................................     0.0
996............................................................     0.0
997............................................................     0.0
998............................................................     0.0
999............................................................     0.0
1000...........................................................     0.0
1001...........................................................     0.0
1002...........................................................     0.0
1003...........................................................     0.13
1004...........................................................     0.71
1005...........................................................     0.0
1006...........................................................     0.0
1007...........................................................     0.0
1008...........................................................     0.0
1009...........................................................     4.15
1010...........................................................     6.00
1011...........................................................     6.00
1012...........................................................     6.00
1013...........................................................     5.30
1014...........................................................     4.14
1015...........................................................     1.96
1016...........................................................     0.0
1017...........................................................     0.0
1018...........................................................     0.0
1019...........................................................     0.0
1020...........................................................     0.0
1021...........................................................     0.0
1022...........................................................     0.0
1023...........................................................     0.0
1024...........................................................     0.0
1025...........................................................     0.0
1026...........................................................     0.0
1027...........................................................     0.0
1028...........................................................     0.0
1029...........................................................     0.0
1030...........................................................     0.0
1031...........................................................     0.0
1032...........................................................     0.0
1033...........................................................     0.0
1034...........................................................     0.0
1035...........................................................     0.0
1036...........................................................     0.0
1037...........................................................     0.48
1038...........................................................     1.64
1039...........................................................     0.41
1040...........................................................     0.0
1041...........................................................     0.0
1042...........................................................     0.0
1043...........................................................     0.0
1044...........................................................     0.0
1045...........................................................     0.0
1046...........................................................     0.0
1047...........................................................     0.0
1048...........................................................     0.0
1049...........................................................     0.0
1050...........................................................     0.0
1051...........................................................     0.0
1052...........................................................     0.0
1053...........................................................     0.0
1054...........................................................     0.0
1055...........................................................     0.0
1056...........................................................     0.0
1057...........................................................     0.0
1058...........................................................     0.0
1059...........................................................     0.0
1060...........................................................     0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) EPA New York City Cycle for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty 
Trucks.

                         EPA New York City Cycle
                      [Speed versus time sequence]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Speed                   Speed
 Time (sec)    (mph)     Time (sec)    (mph)    Time (sec)   Speed (mph)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        0        0              1        0              2           0
        3        0              4        0              5           0
        6        0              7        0              8           0
        9        0             10        0             11           0
       12        0             13        0             14           0
       15        0             16        0             17           0
       18        0             19        0             20           0
       21        0             22        0             23           0
       24        0             25        0             26           0

[[Page 1160]]

 
       27        0             28        0             29           0
       30        0             31        0             32           0
       33        0             34        0             35           0
       36        0             37        0             38           0
       39        0             40        0             41           0
       42        0             43        0             44           0
       45        0             46        0             47           0.4
       48      2.8             49      5.6             50           7.0
       51      7.6             52      7.6             53           6.2
       54      6.4             55      7.6             56           9.5
       57      8.9             58      8.6             59           9.6
       60     12.4             61     15.0             62          17.8
       63     21.0             64     22.9             65          21.7
       66     18.2             67     14.5             68          10.2
       69      5.6             70      2.5             71           2.1
       72      3.1             73      5.7             74           9.0
       75     10.8             76     10.8             77           9.5
       78      6.5             79      3.9             80           2.6
       81      1.0             82      0.8             83           0.1
       84        0             85        0             86           0
       87        0             88        0             89           0
       90        0             91        0             92           0
       93        0             94        0             95           0
       96      2.7             97      8.3             98          12.4
       99     15.7            100     17.4            101          17.3
      102     17.2            103     15.1            104          11.2
      105      8.6            106      5.9            107           5.4
      108      6.8            109      6.9            110           4.8
      111      5.7            112      7.1            113           6.8
      114      5.9            115      6.0            116           6.0
      117      5.9            118      5.6            119           5.5
      120      7.2            121      9.9            122          10.8
      123     11.4            124     11.9            125          12.1
      126     12.6            127     12.3            128          10.6
      129      9.9            130      9.4            131           8.9
      132      7.6            133      6.1            134           5.0
      135      3.7            136      2.6            137           1.0
      138      0.8            139      0.1            140           0.4
      141      0.2            142        0            143           0
      144        0            145      1.3            146           6.0
      147     10.2            148     12.1            149          13.8
      150     15.1            151     16.2            152          15.9
      153     16.0            154     16.8            155          17.5
      156     18.0            157     19.6            158          21.7
      159     23.1            160     23.7            161          24.1
      162     24.5            163     25.0            164          25.2
      165     24.6            166     24.3            167          23.3
      168     22.7            169     22.1            170          21.6
      171     21.1            172     20.3            173          19.2
      174     17.0            175     13.9            176          14.1
      177     14.6            178     14.6            179          14.5
      180     14.4            181     14.2            182          14.2
      183     13.2            184     11.5            185           8.4
      186      5.5            187      3.7            188           2.9
      189      1.3            190      0.8            191           0.3
      192      0.1            193      0.1            194           0
      195      1.3            196      3.9            197           9.9
      198     15.9            199     19.3            200          20.7
      201     21.4            202     21.4            203          20.5
      204     19.0            205     16.7            206          13.1
      207     11.2            208     14.9            209          19.8

[[Page 1161]]

 
      210     23.8            211     25.7            212          26.2
      213     26.4            214     23.3            215          19.6
      216     18.9            217     19.3            218          19.4
      219     18.5            220     17.5            221          16.4
      222     15.6            223     15.6            224          16.0
      225     16.8            226     17.5            227          18.0
      228     19.6            229     21.7            230          23.5
      231     24.6            232     25.0            233          24.3
      234     23.1            235     20.7            236          17.2
      237     13.5            238      9.2            239           3.3
      240        0            241        0            242           0
      243        0            244        0            245           0
      246        0            247        0            248           0
      249        0            250        0            251           0
      252        0            253        0            254           0.2
      255      2.0            256      4.5            257           6.4
      258      7.2            259      7.6            260           7.2
      261      6.6            262      6.5            263           5.1
      264      4.4            265      5.5            266           3.0
      267      3.4            268      3.0            269           2.9
      270      1.3            271      0.8            272           0.3
      273        0            274        0            275           0.3
      276      4.7            277      9.7            278          13.9
      279     16.7            280     19.1            281          20.5
      282     20.5            283     19.7            284          19.9
      285     20.4            286     20.9            287          21.4
      288     21.9            289     22.4            290          22.1
      291     21.4            292     20.8            293          20.3
      294     20.5            295     19.3            296          17.3
      297     17.1            298     16.7            299          14.3
      300     11.9            301     10.7            302          10.2
      303      9.4            304     10.6            305          12.8
      306     13.7            307     12.3            308          10.4
      309      8.6            310      5.5            311           3.2
      312      2.0            313      0.6            314           0
      315        0            316        0            317           0
      318        0            319        0            320           0
      321        0            322        0            323           2.5
      324      6.1            325      5.5            326           3.2
      327      3.6            328      6.1            329           9.1
      330      9.8            331      8.6            332           6.8
      333      5.9            334      5.6            335           6.0
      336      7.2            337      8.4            338           9.3
      339      7.6            340      5.5            341           2.5
      342      0.1            343        0            344           0
      345        0            346        0            347           0
      348        0            349        0            350           0
      351        0            352        0            353           0
      354        0            355        0            356           0
      357        0            358        0            359           0
      360        0            361        0            362           0
      363        0            364        0            365           0
      366        0            367        0            368           0
      369        0            370        0            371           0
      372        0            373        0            374           0
      375        0            376        0            377           0
      378        0            379        0            380           0
      381        0            382        0            383           0
      384        0            385        0            386           0
      387        0            388        0            389           0
      390        0            391        0            392           0

[[Page 1162]]

 
      393        0            394        0            395           0.2
      396      1.6            397      3.0            398           3.0
      399      2.1            400      2.3            401           4.6
      402      7.8            403      9.9            404          10.7
      405     10.2            406     10.1            407          10.7
      408     10.9            409     11.4            410          11.1
      411     10.0            412      8.8            413           8.2
      414      8.6            415     10.2            416          11.8
      417     13.0            418     13.3            419          12.8
      420     11.7            421     11.7            422          12.4
      423     13.7            424     14.4            425          14.3
      426     14.7            427     15.1            428          15.3
      429     15.8            430     14.5            431          12.2
      432     11.1            433     12.0            434          13.1
      435     12.2            436      8.9            437           7.7
      438      7.6            439      8.0            440           5.5
      441      3.3            442      2.4            443           1.4
      444      0.6            445        0            446           0
      447        0            448        0            449           0
      450        0            451        0            452           0
      453        0            454        0            455           0
      456        0            457        0            458           0
      459        0            460        0            461           0
      462        0            463        0            464           0
      465        0            466        0            467           0
      468        0            469        0            470           0
      471        0            472        0            473           0
      474        0            475        0            476           0
      477        0            478        0            479           0
      480        0            481        0            482           0
      483        0            484        0            485           0
      486        0            487        0            488           0
      489        0            490        0            491           0
      492        0            493        0            494           0
      495      1.0            496      4.1            497           7.4
      498     10.2            499     11.3            500          11.8
      501     12.2            502     14.3            503          16.0
      504     17.8            505     18.6            506          19.6
      507     20.2            508     19.9            509          19.7
      510     20.8            511     21.0            512          18.8
      513     17.6            514     13.0            515           7.5
      516      2.9            517      0.8            518           0
      519      0.2            520      0.7            521           1.4
      522      2.3            523      2.7            524           3.0
      525      2.6            526      1.2            527           0.1
      528      0.7            529      1.8            530           3.1
      531      3.9            532      5.3            533           7.8
      534      9.7            535     10.3            536          10.2
      537      9.4            538      7.1            539           6.8
      540      8.9            541     10.6            542          11.9
      543     15.5            544     19.6            545          22.8
      546     25.1            547     26.0            548          26.7
      549     27.3            550     27.7            551          27.6
      552     27.3            553     25.7            554          23.3
      555     20.6            556     17.8            557          14.9
      558     11.3            559      7.4            560           4.6
      561      1.7            562      0.7            563           0
      564        0            565        0            566           0
      567        0            568        0            569           0
      570        0            571        0            572           0
      573        0            574        0            575           0

[[Page 1163]]

 
      576        0            577        0            578           0
      579        0            580        0            581           0
      582        0            583        0            584           0
      585        0            586        0            587           0
      588        0            589        0            590           0
      591        0            592        0            593           0
      594        0            595        0            596           0
      597        0            598        0            599           0
      600        0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f)(1) EPA Engine Dynamometer Schedules for Heavy-duty Otto-cycle 
engines.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Percent
                                               -------------------------
               Record (seconds)                  Normalized
                                                revolutions   Normalized
                                                 per minute     torque
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................................         0.0          0.0
2.............................................         0.0          0.0
3.............................................         0.0          0.0
4.............................................         0.0          0.0
5.............................................         0.0          0.0
6.............................................         0.0          0.0
7.............................................         0.0          0.0
8.............................................         0.0          0.0
9.............................................         0.0          0.0
10............................................         0.0          0.0
11............................................         0.0          0.0
12............................................         0.0          0.0
13............................................         0.0          0.0
14............................................         0.0          0.0
15............................................         0.0          0.0
16............................................         0.0          0.0
17............................................         0.0          0.0
18............................................         0.0          0.0
19............................................         0.0          0.0
20............................................         0.0          0.0
21............................................         0.0          0.0
22............................................         0.0          0.0
23............................................         0.0          0.0
24............................................         0.0          0.0
25............................................         7.00        44.40
26............................................        16.00        85.40
27............................................        27.00        97.80
28............................................        38.00       100.00
29............................................        45.00       100.00
30............................................        51.00       100.00
31............................................        54.00        97.50
32............................................        53.00        90.00
33............................................        49.00        75.20
34............................................        45.00        50.00
35............................................        40.00        10.00
36............................................        34.00         2.30
37............................................        27.00         0.0
38............................................        21.00         2.30
39............................................        16.00        12.00
40............................................        12.00        35.30
41............................................         8.50         4.90
42............................................         5.00       -10.00
43............................................         3.00       -10.00
44............................................         0.0          0.0
45............................................         0.0          0.0
46............................................         0.0          0.0
47............................................         0.0          0.0
48............................................         0.0          0.0
49............................................         0.0          0.0
50............................................         0.0          0.0
51............................................         3.00        10.00
52............................................        11.00        40.20
53............................................        20.00        53.00
54............................................        27.50        64.80
55............................................        32.00        78.00
56............................................        32.00        78.00
57............................................        27.50        56.00
58............................................        26.00        24.40
59............................................        24.00        -8.40
60............................................        23.00       -10.00
61............................................        24.00       -10.00
62............................................        27.00       -10.00
63............................................        34.00       -10.00
64............................................        44.00        28.00
65............................................        57.00        74.40
66............................................        60.00        74.40
67............................................        53.00        33.60
68............................................        48.00       -10.00
69............................................        44.00       -10.00
70............................................        40.00       -10.00
71............................................        40.00         7.00
72............................................        44.00        22.70
73............................................        46.00        30.00
74............................................        46.00        32.00
75............................................        44.00        25.00
76............................................        40.00        18.00
77............................................        37.00        14.00
78............................................        36.00        10.00
79............................................        34.00         0.0
80............................................        34.00       -10.00
81............................................        32.00       -10.00
82............................................        31.00       -10.00
83............................................        36.00        39.90
84............................................        42.00        84.70
85............................................        48.00        90.00
86............................................        50.00        90.00
87............................................        50.00        90.00
88............................................        47.00        85.00
89............................................        43.00        75.00
90............................................        38.00        60.00
91............................................        36.00        36.00
92............................................        36.00         7.50
93............................................        36.30       -10.00
94............................................        45.00        64.50
95............................................        53.00        67.00
96............................................        58.00        64.50
97............................................        62.00        60.30
98............................................        63.00        55.50
99............................................        62.00        52.30

[[Page 1164]]

 
100...........................................        61.00        47.00
101...........................................        55.00        44.00
102...........................................        50.00        39.00
103...........................................        45.00        36.00
104...........................................        40.00        34.00
105...........................................        36.00        30.00
106...........................................        34.00        25.80
107...........................................        32.00        20.00
108...........................................        30.00        14.60
109...........................................        26.00        10.00
110...........................................        23.00         0.0
111...........................................        18.00        -8.00
112...........................................        16.00       -10.00
113...........................................        18.00        -8.00
114...........................................        20.00        27.60
115...........................................        17.00         4.00
116...........................................        14.00        -8.00
117...........................................        12.00       -10.00
118...........................................         9.00       -10.00
119...........................................         7.00       -10.00
120...........................................         7.00       -10.00
121...........................................         5.00       -10.00
122...........................................         4.00       -10.00
123...........................................         3.00       -10.00
124...........................................         2.00        -8.00
125...........................................         0.0          0.0
126...........................................         0.0          0.0
127...........................................         0.0          0.0
128...........................................         0.0          0.0
129...........................................         0.0          0.0
130...........................................         5.00         8.00
131...........................................         8.00        16.30
132...........................................        10.00        27.50
133...........................................         8.00        27.50
134...........................................         5.00         9.00
135...........................................         2.00         1.80
136...........................................         0.0          0.0
137...........................................         0.0          0.0
138...........................................         0.0          0.0
139...........................................         0.0          0.0
140...........................................         0.0          0.0
141...........................................         0.0          0.0
142...........................................         0.0          0.0
143...........................................         0.0          0.0
144...........................................         0.0          0.0
145...........................................         0.0          0.0
146...........................................         0.0          0.0
147...........................................         0.0          0.0
148...........................................         0.0          0.0
149...........................................         2.00         4.80
150...........................................         1.00         4.50
151...........................................         0.0          0.0
152...........................................         0.0          0.0
153...........................................         0.0          0.0
154...........................................         0.0          0.0
155...........................................         0.0          0.0
156...........................................         0.0          0.0
157...........................................         0.0          0.0
158...........................................         0.0          0.0
159...........................................         0.0          0.0
160...........................................         0.0          0.0
161...........................................         0.0          0.0
162...........................................         0.0          0.0
163...........................................         0.0          0.0
164...........................................         0.0          0.0
165...........................................         0.0          0.0
166...........................................         0.0          0.0
167...........................................         8.00        27.00
168...........................................        18.00        65.00
169...........................................        23.00        82.50
170...........................................        23.00        88.00
171...........................................        21.00        88.00
172...........................................        18.00        81.30
173...........................................        17.00        32.00
174...........................................        15.00       -10.00
175...........................................        13.00       -10.00
176...........................................        11.00       -10.00
177...........................................         8.00       -10.00
178...........................................         6.00       -10.00
179...........................................         4.00       -10.00
180...........................................         2.00       -10.00
181...........................................         0.0          0.0
182...........................................         0.0          0.0
183...........................................         0.0          0.0
184...........................................         0.0          0.0
185...........................................         0.0          0.0
186...........................................         0.0          0.0
187...........................................         0.0          0.0
188...........................................         0.0          0.0
189...........................................         0.0          0.0
190...........................................         0.0          0.0
191...........................................         0.0          0.0
192...........................................         0.0          0.0
193...........................................         0.0          0.0
194...........................................         0.0          0.0
195...........................................         0.0          0.0
196...........................................         0.0          0.0
197...........................................         0.0          0.0
198...........................................         0.0          0.0
199...........................................         0.0          0.0
200...........................................         0.0          0.0
201...........................................         0.0          0.0
202...........................................         0.0          0.0
203...........................................         0.0          0.0
204...........................................         0.0          4.00
205...........................................         0.50         7.70
206...........................................         5.00        14.00
207...........................................        11.00        24.70
208...........................................        15.00        42.30
209...........................................        16.00        70.00
210...........................................        17.00        70.00
211...........................................        17.00        50.00
212...........................................        16.00        26.30
213...........................................        14.00         5.00
214...........................................        10.00       -10.00
215...........................................        10.00       -10.00
216...........................................        14.00        73.30
217...........................................        18.00        83.00
218...........................................        19.00        84.80
219...........................................        18.00        84.80
220...........................................        16.00        82.80
221...........................................        11.00        74.00
222...........................................         7.00         8.50
223...........................................         4.00         0.0
224...........................................         0.0          0.0
225...........................................         0.0          0.0
226...........................................         0.0          0.0
227...........................................         0.0          0.0
228...........................................         0.0          0.0
229...........................................         0.0          0.0
230...........................................         0.0          0.0
231...........................................         0.0          0.0
232...........................................         0.0          0.0
233...........................................         6.00        17.60
234...........................................         6.00        19.60
235...........................................         5.00        14.00
236...........................................         3.00         9.80
237...........................................         1.00         5.50
238...........................................         0.0          3.00
239...........................................         0.0          0.0
240...........................................         0.0          0.0
241...........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1165]]

 
242...........................................         0.0          0.0
243...........................................         0.0          0.0
244...........................................         0.0          0.0
245...........................................         0.0          0.0
246...........................................         0.0          0.0
247...........................................         0.0          0.0
248...........................................         0.0          0.0
249...........................................         0.0          0.0
250...........................................         0.0          0.0
251...........................................         0.0          0.0
252...........................................         0.0          0.0
253...........................................         0.0          0.0
254...........................................         0.0          0.0
255...........................................         0.0          0.0
256...........................................         0.0          0.0
257...........................................         0.0          0.0
258...........................................         0.0          0.0
259...........................................         0.0          0.0
260...........................................         0.0          0.0
261...........................................         0.0          0.0
262...........................................         0.0          0.0
263...........................................         0.0          0.0
264...........................................         0.0          0.0
265...........................................         0.0          0.0
266...........................................         0.0          0.0
267...........................................         0.0          0.0
268...........................................         0.0          0.0
269...........................................         0.0          0.0
270...........................................         0.0          0.0
271...........................................         0.0          0.0
272...........................................         0.0          0.0
273...........................................         0.0          0.0
274...........................................         0.0          0.0
275...........................................         0.0          0.0
276...........................................         0.0          0.0
277...........................................         0.0          0.0
278...........................................         0.0          0.0
279...........................................         0.0          0.0
280...........................................         0.0          0.0
281...........................................         0.0          7.00
282...........................................         1.00        10.00
283...........................................         2.00        11.50
284...........................................         1.00        10.00
285...........................................         0.0          0.0
286...........................................         0.0          0.0
287...........................................         0.0          0.0
288...........................................         0.0          0.0
289...........................................         0.0          0.0
290...........................................         0.0          0.0
291...........................................         0.0          0.0
292...........................................         0.0          0.0
293...........................................         0.0          0.0
294...........................................         0.0          0.0
295...........................................         0.0          0.0
296...........................................         0.0          0.0
297...........................................         0.0          0.0
298...........................................         0.0          0.0
299...........................................         0.0         28.00
300...........................................         0.0         30.00
301...........................................         2.00        32.00
302...........................................         6.00        34.00
303...........................................        14.00        36.00
304...........................................        19.00        36.00
305...........................................        24.50        36.00
306...........................................        24.50        36.00
307...........................................        24.00        30.00
308...........................................        19.00        24.00
309...........................................        13.00        18.00
310...........................................         9.00        14.00
311...........................................         7.00         8.00
312...........................................         6.00         0.0
313...........................................         4.00         3.00
314...........................................         3.00         6.80
315...........................................         0.0          0.0
316...........................................         0.0          0.0
317...........................................         0.0          0.0
318...........................................         0.0          0.0
319...........................................         0.0          0.0
320...........................................         0.0          0.0
321...........................................         0.0          0.0
322...........................................         0.0          0.0
323...........................................         0.0         18.00
324...........................................         3.00        40.00
325...........................................         8.00        86.00
326...........................................        18.00        97.00
327...........................................        38.00       100.00
328...........................................        45.50       100.00
329...........................................        45.00        96.00
330...........................................        44.00        84.40
331...........................................        43.00        53.60
332...........................................        41.00         5.00
333...........................................        43.00        47.60
334...........................................        44.00        90.00
335...........................................        45.00        90.00
336...........................................        44.00        73.00
337...........................................        40.00        54.00
338...........................................        38.00        34.70
339...........................................        36.00        10.00
340...........................................        35.00        10.00
341...........................................        35.00        10.00
342...........................................        35.50        60.00
343...........................................        36.00        57.90
344...........................................        37.00        53.00
345...........................................        39.00        50.00
346...........................................        40.50        50.00
347...........................................        43.00        50.00
348...........................................        45.00        50.00
349...........................................        48.00        50.00
350...........................................        51.00        52.00
351...........................................        56.00        58.70
352...........................................        64.00        70.00
353...........................................        68.00        70.00
354...........................................        70.00        70.00
355...........................................        65.50        64.60
356...........................................        61.00        28.90
357...........................................        55.00        -5.00
358...........................................        50.00       -10.00
359...........................................        45.00       -10.00
360...........................................        38.00       -10.00
361...........................................        28.00       -10.00
362...........................................        19.00       -10.00
363...........................................        14.00       -10.00
364...........................................         7.00       -10.00
365...........................................         2.00        -5.00
366...........................................         3.00         5.00
367...........................................         7.00        25.00
368...........................................         9.00        38.00
369...........................................         7.00        17.00
370...........................................         4.00         2.00
371...........................................         3.00        -9.00
372...........................................         3.00       -10.00
373...........................................        11.00        70.00
374...........................................        15.00        97.60
375...........................................        16.00       100.00
376...........................................        19.00       100.00
377...........................................        26.00       100.00
378...........................................        29.00        95.00
379...........................................        25.00        63.00
380...........................................        19.00       -10.00
381...........................................        12.00       -10.00
382...........................................         8.00       -10.00
383...........................................         5.00       -10.00

[[Page 1166]]

 
384...........................................         2.00       -10.00
385...........................................         1.00       -10.00
386...........................................         0.0          0.0
387...........................................         0.0          0.0
388...........................................         0.0          0.0
389...........................................         0.0          0.0
390...........................................         0.0          0.0
391...........................................         0.0          0.0
392...........................................         0.0          0.0
393...........................................         0.0          0.0
394...........................................         0.0          0.0
395...........................................         0.0          0.0
396...........................................         0.0          0.0
397...........................................         0.0          0.0
398...........................................         0.0          0.0
399...........................................         0.0          0.0
400...........................................         0.0          0.0
401...........................................         0.0          0.0
402...........................................         0.0          0.0
403...........................................         0.0          0.0
404...........................................         0.0          0.0
405...........................................         0.0          0.0
406...........................................         0.0          0.0
407...........................................         0.0          0.0
408...........................................         0.0          0.0
409...........................................         0.0          0.0
410...........................................         0.0          0.0
411...........................................         0.0          0.0
412...........................................         0.0          0.0
413...........................................         0.0          0.0
414...........................................         0.0          0.0
415...........................................         0.0          0.0
416...........................................         0.0          0.0
417...........................................         0.0          0.0
418...........................................         0.0          0.0
419...........................................         4.00        20.00
420...........................................         4.00        20.00
421...........................................         0.0          0.0
422...........................................         0.0          0.0
423...........................................         0.0          0.0
424...........................................         0.0          0.0
425...........................................         0.0          0.0
426...........................................         0.0          0.0
427...........................................         0.0          0.0
428...........................................         0.0          0.0
429...........................................         0.0          0.0
430...........................................         2.00         0.0
431...........................................         6.00         2.00
432...........................................        14.00        28.80
433...........................................        20.00        30.00
434...........................................        24.40        11.00
435...........................................        24.00        10.00
436...........................................        24.00        12.00
437...........................................        28.00        52.00
438...........................................        32.00        52.00
439...........................................        34.00        46.00
440...........................................        34.00        30.00
441...........................................        34.50        30.00
442...........................................        35.00        30.00
443...........................................        36.00        35.00
444...........................................        39.00        40.00
445...........................................        45.00        50.00
446...........................................        49.00        56.00
447...........................................        50.00        -8.00
448...........................................        45.00       -10.00
449...........................................        39.00       -10.00
450...........................................        34.00       -10.00
451...........................................        28.00       -10.00
452...........................................        25.00       -10.00
453...........................................        21.00       -10.00
454...........................................        18.00       -10.00
455...........................................        15.00       -10.00
456...........................................        12.00       -10.00
457...........................................        18.00        -8.00
458...........................................        29.00        19.80
459...........................................        40.00        54.00
460...........................................        52.00        82.00
461...........................................        64.00        95.00
462...........................................        71.00        99.00
463...........................................        77.00       100.00
464...........................................        84.00       100.00
465...........................................        85.00        99.00
466...........................................        85.00        95.00
467...........................................        84.00        90.00
468...........................................        82.00        84.60
469...........................................        80.00        78.50
470...........................................        78.00        78.50
471...........................................        77.00        70.00
472...........................................        76.00        65.50
473...........................................        74.00        61.50
474...........................................        72.00        56.00
475...........................................        70.00        52.00
476...........................................        68.00        46.00
477...........................................        66.50        40.00
478...........................................        65.00        32.00
479...........................................        63.00        26.00
480...........................................        61.00        25.60
481...........................................        61.00        72.00
482...........................................        61.00        78.00
483...........................................        58.00        72.00
484...........................................        50.00        64.00
485...........................................        44.00        55.00
486...........................................        35.00        40.00
487...........................................        26.00        20.00
488...........................................        21.00        -4.00
489...........................................        18.00       -10.00
490...........................................        16.00       -10.00
491...........................................        19.00        -8.00
492...........................................        24.00         2.00
493...........................................        32.00        68.50
494...........................................        45.00        78.00
495...........................................        51.00        86.00
496...........................................        58.00        92.00
497...........................................        64.00        97.00
498...........................................        71.00       100.00
499...........................................        73.00        98.00
500...........................................        73.00        94.00
501...........................................        73.00        86.00
502...........................................        73.00        82.00
503...........................................        76.00        84.00
504...........................................        80.00        98.00
505...........................................        84.00       100.00
506...........................................        85.00       100.00
507...........................................        84.00       100.00
508...........................................        81.00        92.00
509...........................................        75.00        80.00
510...........................................        73.00        70.00
511...........................................        70.00        60.00
512...........................................        67.00        53.00
513...........................................        65.00        45.00
514...........................................        63.00        36.50
515...........................................        62.00        28.00
516...........................................        61.00        22.50
517...........................................        60.00        23.00
518...........................................        60.00        24.00
519...........................................        60.00        24.00
520...........................................        60.00        26.00
521...........................................        61.00        60.00
522...........................................        62.00        64.00
523...........................................        63.00        64.00
524...........................................        64.00        64.00
525...........................................        62.00        64.00

[[Page 1167]]

 
526...........................................        56.00        60.00
527...........................................        53.00        -7.00
528...........................................        49.00       -10.00
529...........................................        47.00       -10.00
530...........................................        46.00       -10.00
531...........................................        45.00        -7.00
532...........................................        45.00        30.00
533...........................................        46.00        50.00
534...........................................        46.00        50.00
535...........................................        47.00        50.00
536...........................................        47.00        50.00
537...........................................        47.00        30.00
538...........................................        46.00        12.00
539...........................................        45.00        10.50
540...........................................        44.00        10.00
541...........................................        41.00        10.00
542...........................................        37.00         9.00
543...........................................        36.00         2.00
544...........................................        35.00       -10.00
545...........................................        38.00        67.00
546...........................................        35.00       -10.00
547...........................................        31.00        15.00
548...........................................        28.00        55.00
549...........................................        34.00        44.00
550...........................................        35.00        38.50
551...........................................        36.00        38.50
552...........................................        36.00        38.50
553...........................................        37.00        38.50
554...........................................        39.00        36.00
555...........................................        42.00        27.00
556...........................................        45.00        62.00
557...........................................        48.00        45.00
558...........................................        51.00        15.00
559...........................................        51.00         8.00
560...........................................        51.00         6.00
561...........................................        48.00        10.00
562...........................................        46.00        11.00
563...........................................        44.00        13.00
564...........................................        41.00        17.00
565...........................................        37.00        20.00
566...........................................        34.00        20.00
567...........................................        30.00        17.00
568...........................................        26.00        14.00
569...........................................        23.00         7.00
570...........................................        19.00         2.00
571...........................................        15.00        -5.00
572...........................................        11.00       -10.00
573...........................................         8.00       -10.00
574...........................................         5.00        -8.00
575...........................................         2.00        -5.00
576...........................................         0.0          0.0
577...........................................         0.0          0.0
578...........................................         0.0          0.0
579...........................................         0.0          0.0
580...........................................         0.0          0.0
581...........................................         0.0          0.0
582...........................................         0.0          0.0
583...........................................         4.00        15.00
584...........................................        19.00        31.00
585...........................................        30.00        46.00
586...........................................        37.00        68.00
587...........................................        40.00        76.00
588...........................................        41.00        77.00
589...........................................        40.50        78.00
590...........................................        40.00        77.00
591...........................................        40.00        64.00
592...........................................        38.00        10.00
593...........................................        38.00        25.00
594...........................................        40.00        50.00
595...........................................        40.00        36.00
596...........................................        40.00        31.00
597...........................................        40.00        31.00
598...........................................        41.00        37.00
599...........................................        42.00        97.00
600...........................................        43.00       100.00
601...........................................        45.00       100.00
602...........................................        47.00       100.00
603...........................................        48.00       100.00
604...........................................        49.00       100.00
605...........................................        51.00        97.00
606...........................................        52.00        94.00
607...........................................        53.00        90.00
608...........................................        54.00        87.00
609...........................................        56.00        86.00
610...........................................        56.00        85.00
611...........................................        55.50        85.00
612...........................................        55.00        81.00
613...........................................        54.00        77.00
614...........................................        53.00        72.00
615...........................................        52.00        67.00
616...........................................        49.00        60.00
617...........................................        46.00        45.00
618...........................................        45.00        12.00
619...........................................        44.00        10.00
620...........................................        44.00        10.00
621...........................................        45.00        12.00
622...........................................        46.00        14.00
623...........................................        47.00        24.00
624...........................................        49.00        88.00
625...........................................        50.00        90.00
626...........................................        51.00        90.00
627...........................................        52.00        90.00
628...........................................        53.00        90.00
629...........................................        54.00        90.00
630...........................................        54.00        90.00
631...........................................        54.00        87.00
632...........................................        54.00        84.00
633...........................................        54.00        80.00
634...........................................        53.50        77.00
635...........................................        53.00        76.00
636...........................................        53.00        75.00
637...........................................        52.00        73.00
638...........................................        51.00        69.00
639...........................................        50.00        65.00
640...........................................        50.00        60.00
641...........................................        49.00        55.00
642...........................................        49.00        50.00
643...........................................        49.00        50.00
644...........................................        49.50        60.00
645...........................................        49.50        65.00
646...........................................        50.00        70.00
647...........................................        50.50        75.00
648...........................................        51.00        80.00
649...........................................        52.00        85.00
650...........................................        53.00        90.00
651...........................................        54.00        90.00
652...........................................        55.00        90.00
653...........................................        55.00        88.00
654...........................................        55.00        84.00
655...........................................        55.00        79.00
656...........................................        55.00        74.00
657...........................................        55.00        69.00
658...........................................        55.00        64.00
659...........................................        55.00        59.00
660...........................................        55.00        54.00
661...........................................        55.00        49.00
662...........................................        55.00        44.50
663...........................................        55.00        39.00
664...........................................        55.00        34.00
665...........................................        55.00        27.00
666...........................................        55.00        18.00
667...........................................        55.00         8.00

[[Page 1168]]

 
668...........................................        55.00         6.00
669...........................................        55.00        13.00
670...........................................        55.00        27.00
671...........................................        55.50        30.00
672...........................................        56.00        30.00
673...........................................        57.00        30.00
674...........................................        58.00        34.00
675...........................................        59.00        46.00
676...........................................        59.00        89.00
677...........................................        59.00        90.00
678...........................................        59.00        91.00
679...........................................        59.00        91.00
680...........................................        60.00        91.00
681...........................................        60.00        91.00
682...........................................        60.50        90.00
683...........................................        61.00        89.00
684...........................................        61.50        88.00
685...........................................        62.00        83.00
686...........................................        63.00        73.00
687...........................................        65.00        70.00
688...........................................        66.00        71.00
689...........................................        67.00        74.00
690...........................................        67.50        79.00
691...........................................        68.00        85.00
692...........................................        68.50        90.00
693...........................................        69.00        94.00
694...........................................        69.50        96.00
695...........................................        70.00        98.00
696...........................................        70.50       100.00
697...........................................        71.00       100.00
698...........................................        72.00       100.00
699...........................................        72.00       100.00
700...........................................        72.00       100.00
701...........................................        72.00       100.00
702...........................................        72.00       100.00
703...........................................        72.00       100.00
704...........................................        72.00       100.00
705...........................................        72.00       100.00
706...........................................        72.00       100.00
707...........................................        72.50       100.00
708...........................................        73.00       100.00
709...........................................        73.50       100.00
710...........................................        74.00       100.00
711...........................................        74.00       100.00
712...........................................        74.50       100.00
713...........................................        75.00       100.00
714...........................................        75.00       100.00
715...........................................        75.00       100.00
716...........................................        75.00       100.00
717...........................................        75.00       100.00
718...........................................        75.00       100.00
719...........................................        75.00       100.00
720...........................................        75.00       100.00
721...........................................        75.00       100.00
722...........................................        75.00       100.00
723...........................................        75.00        98.00
724...........................................        75.00        90.00
725...........................................        75.00        34.00
726...........................................        74.00        15.00
727...........................................        72.00         3.00
728...........................................        70.00        -7.00
729...........................................        69.00       -10.00
730...........................................        68.00       -10.00
731...........................................        70.50        53.00
732...........................................        73.00        80.00
733...........................................        75.00        88.00
734...........................................        77.00        94.00
735...........................................        79.00        97.00
736...........................................        82.00        97.00
737...........................................        85.00        98.00
738...........................................        85.00        98.00
739...........................................        87.00        97.00
740...........................................        90.00        95.00
741...........................................        92.00        90.00
742...........................................        93.00        88.00
743...........................................        94.00        86.00
744...........................................        95.00        83.00
745...........................................        96.00        79.00
746...........................................        97.00        74.00
747...........................................        98.00        68.00
748...........................................        99.00        62.00
749...........................................       100.00        54.00
750...........................................       100.00        30.00
751...........................................       100.00        22.00
752...........................................       100.00        20.00
753...........................................       100.00        22.00
754...........................................       100.00        30.00
755...........................................       100.00        65.00
756...........................................       100.00        76.00
757...........................................       100.00        80.00
758...........................................       100.00        78.00
759...........................................       100.00        72.00
760...........................................       100.00        54.00
761...........................................        95.00        30.00
762...........................................        85.00        12.00
763...........................................        68.00        -5.00
764...........................................        57.00        -9.00
765...........................................        56.00       -10.00
766...........................................        57.00        -9.00
767...........................................        57.00        -5.00
768...........................................        57.00        22.00
769...........................................        58.00        40.00
770...........................................        59.00        45.00
771...........................................        59.00        46.00
772...........................................        59.50        45.00
773...........................................        60.00        33.00
774...........................................        60.00         0.0
775...........................................        60.00       -10.00
776...........................................        60.00       -10.00
777...........................................        60.00        34.00
778...........................................        60.00        50.00
779...........................................        60.00        60.00
780...........................................        60.00        69.00
781...........................................        60.00        75.00
782...........................................        60.00        79.00
783...........................................        61.00        83.00
784...........................................        61.00        84.00
785...........................................        61.00        85.00
786...........................................        62.00        85.00
787...........................................        62.00        85.00
788...........................................        62.00        85.00
789...........................................        63.00        85.00
790...........................................        63.00        85.00
791...........................................        64.00        85.00
792...........................................        64.00        85.00
793...........................................        64.00        85.00
794...........................................        64.00        85.00
795...........................................        64.00        85.00
796...........................................        64.00        84.50
797...........................................        64.00        84.00
798...........................................        64.00        83.00
799...........................................        64.00        82.00
800...........................................        64.00        81.00
801...........................................        64.00        77.00
802...........................................        64.00        72.00
803...........................................        65.00        67.00
804...........................................        66.00        64.00
805...........................................        67.00        60.00
806...........................................        69.00        62.30
807...........................................        72.00        84.00
808...........................................        73.00        90.50
809...........................................        74.00        91.00

[[Page 1169]]

 
810...........................................        74.00        90.00
811...........................................        74.00        84.50
812...........................................        73.00        74.00
813...........................................        72.00        66.00
814...........................................        71.00        60.00
815...........................................        70.00        54.00
816...........................................        69.00        50.00
817...........................................        68.00        49.00
818...........................................        68.00        48.00
819...........................................        68.00        48.00
820...........................................        68.00        48.50
821...........................................        68.00        49.00
822...........................................        68.00        51.00
823...........................................        68.00        53.50
824...........................................        68.00        55.00
825...........................................        68.00        58.00
826...........................................        68.00        60.00
827...........................................        68.00        62.00
828...........................................        68.00        64.00
829...........................................        68.00        67.00
830...........................................        69.00        68.50
831...........................................        70.00        70.00
832...........................................        70.00        70.00
833...........................................        70.00        70.00
834...........................................        70.00        70.00
835...........................................        70.00        70.00
836...........................................        70.00        70.00
837...........................................        71.00        66.00
838...........................................        73.00        64.00
839...........................................        75.00        64.00
840...........................................        77.00        98.00
841...........................................        79.00       100.00
842...........................................        81.00       100.00
843...........................................        82.00       100.00
844...........................................        83.00       100.00
845...........................................        84.00        98.00
846...........................................        84.00        94.00
847...........................................        85.00        93.00
848...........................................        86.00        94.00
849...........................................        87.00        98.00
850...........................................        89.00       100.00
851...........................................        92.00       100.00
852...........................................        95.00       100.00
853...........................................        97.50       100.00
854...........................................       100.00       100.00
855...........................................       100.00       100.00
856...........................................       100.00       100.00
857...........................................       100.00       100.00
858...........................................       100.00        97.00
859...........................................        96.00        -6.00
860...........................................        94.00       -10.00
861...........................................        91.00       -10.00
862...........................................        88.00       -10.00
863...........................................        86.00       -10.00
864...........................................        84.00       -10.00
865...........................................        82.00       -10.00
866...........................................        79.00       -10.00
867...........................................        77.00       -10.00
868...........................................        75.00       -10.00
869...........................................        73.00       -10.00
870...........................................        72.00       -10.00
871...........................................        72.00       -10.00
872...........................................        72.00        -8.00
873...........................................        71.00         8.00
874...........................................        68.00         9.00
875...........................................        64.00        -9.00
876...........................................        58.00        -8.00
877...........................................        56.00        53.00
878...........................................        56.00        67.00
879...........................................        56.00        70.00
880...........................................        56.00        67.00
881...........................................        55.00        60.00
882...........................................        54.00        60.00
883...........................................        49.00        75.00
884...........................................        38.00        80.00
885...........................................        30.00        78.00
886...........................................        25.00        53.00
887...........................................        18.00        32.00
888...........................................        14.00        16.00
889...........................................         9.00         3.00
890...........................................         5.00        -6.00
891...........................................         1.00       -10.00
892...........................................         0.0          0.0
893...........................................         0.0          0.0
894...........................................         0.0          0.0
895...........................................         0.0          0.0
896...........................................         0.0          0.0
987...........................................         0.0          0.0
898...........................................         0.0          0.0
899...........................................         0.0          0.0
900...........................................         0.0          0.0
901...........................................         0.0          0.0
902...........................................         0.0          0.0
903...........................................         0.0          0.0
904...........................................         0.0          0.0
905...........................................         0.0          0.0
906...........................................         0.0          0.0
907...........................................         0.0          0.0
908...........................................         0.0          0.0
909...........................................         0.0          0.0
910...........................................         0.0          0.0
911...........................................         0.0          0.0
912...........................................         0.0          0.0
913...........................................         0.0          0.0
914...........................................         0.0          0.0
915...........................................         0.0          0.0
916...........................................         0.0          0.0
917...........................................         0.0          0.0
918...........................................         0.0          0.0
919...........................................         0.0          0.0
920...........................................         4.50        47.00
921...........................................        12.00        85.00
922...........................................        30.00        97.00
923...........................................        42.00       100.00
924...........................................        51.00       100.00
925...........................................        54.00       100.00
926...........................................        54.00        97.00
927...........................................        52.00        90.00
928...........................................        48.00        75.00
929...........................................        44.00        57.00
930...........................................        37.00        47.00
931...........................................        29.00        40.00
932...........................................        24.00        34.00
933...........................................        21.00        27.00
934...........................................        22.00        24.00
935...........................................        22.50        22.00
936...........................................        20.00        16.00
937...........................................        15.00         7.00
938...........................................        10.00         0.0
939...........................................         5.00        -7.00
940...........................................         2.00       -10.00
941...........................................         1.00       -10.00
942...........................................         0.0          0.0
943...........................................         0.0          0.0
944...........................................         0.0          0.0
945...........................................         1.00         0.0
946...........................................         5.00        20.00
947...........................................        15.00        43.00
948...........................................        28.00        52.00
949...........................................        34.00        64.00
950...........................................        37.00        74.00
951...........................................        37.50        90.00

[[Page 1170]]

 
952...........................................        37.00        56.00
953...........................................        36.00        27.00
954...........................................        35.00        -2.00
955...........................................        33.00        -8.00
956...........................................        29.00       -10.00
957...........................................        29.00        -8.00
958...........................................        29.00        -2.00
959...........................................        34.00        30.00
960...........................................        38.00        75.00
961...........................................        34.00        70.00
962...........................................        31.00        25.00
963...........................................        28.00        -7.00
964...........................................        26.00       -10.00
965...........................................        24.00        -7.00
966...........................................        23.00         4.00
967...........................................        23.00        22.00
968...........................................        24.00        30.00
969...........................................        23.00        32.00
970...........................................        22.00        25.00
971...........................................        18.00        18.00
972...........................................        16.00        14.00
973...........................................        15.00        10.00
974...........................................        15.00         0.0
975...........................................        15.00        -7.00
976...........................................        15.00       -10.00
977...........................................        18.00        -8.00
978...........................................        25.00        40.00
979...........................................        37.00        90.00
980...........................................        46.00        90.00
981...........................................        49.00        90.00
982...........................................        49.00        90.00
983...........................................        49.00        85.00
984...........................................        47.00        77.00
985...........................................        44.00        59.00
986...........................................        43.00        36.00
987...........................................        42.00        13.00
988...........................................        40.00       -10.00
989...........................................        41.00        65.00
990...........................................        44.00        65.00
991...........................................        45.00        65.00
992...........................................        45.00        62.00
993...........................................        44.00        56.00
994...........................................        42.00        46.00
995...........................................        41.00        36.00
996...........................................        39.00        20.00
997...........................................        38.00         4.00
998...........................................        37.00        33.00
999...........................................        38.00        39.00
1,000.........................................        36.00        40.00
1,001.........................................        35.00        40.00
1,002.........................................        33.00        39.00
1,003.........................................        30.00        36.00
1,004.........................................        27.00        33.00
1,005.........................................        22.00        24.00
1,006.........................................        21.00        -5.00
1,007.........................................        20.00       -10.00
1,008.........................................        18.00        -6.00
1,009.........................................        17.00        28.00
1,010.........................................        16.00         5.00
1,011.........................................        14.00        -5.00
1,012.........................................        12.00        -9.00
1,013.........................................         9.00       -10.00
1,014.........................................         7.00       -10.00
1,015.........................................         5.00       -10.00
1,016.........................................         4.00       -10.00
1,017.........................................         3.00       -10.00
1,018.........................................         2.00       -10.00
1,019.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,020.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,021.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,022.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,023.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,024.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,025.........................................         2.00         7.00
1,026.........................................         6.00        15.00
1,027.........................................        10.00        28.00
1,028.........................................        11.00        26.00
1,029.........................................        10.00        10.00
1,030.........................................         8.00         3.00
1,031.........................................         5.00         0.0
1,032.........................................         2.00         0.0
1,033.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,034.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,035.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,036.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,037.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,038.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,039.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,040.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,041.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,042.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,043.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,044.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,045.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,046.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,047.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,048.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,049.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,050.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,051.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,052.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,053.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,054.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,055.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,056.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,057.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,058.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,059.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,060.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,061.........................................         4.00        05.00
1,062.........................................        11.00        35.00
1,063.........................................        21.00        73.00
1,064.........................................        25.00        86.00
1,065.........................................        26.00        90.00
1,066.........................................        25.00        90.00
1,067.........................................        23.00        83.00
1,068.........................................        20.00        32.00
1,069.........................................        16.00        -6.00
1,070.........................................        14.00       -10.00
1,071.........................................        10.00       -10.00
1,072.........................................         7.00       -10.00
1,073.........................................         3.00       -10.00
1,074.........................................         1.00       -10.00
1,075.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,076.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,077.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,078.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,079.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,080.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,081.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,082.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,083.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,084.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,085.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,086.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,087.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,088.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,089.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,090.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,091.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,092.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,093.........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1171]]

 
1,094.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,095.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,096.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,097.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,098.........................................         1.00         3.00
1,099.........................................         3.00         6.00
1,100.........................................         6.00        13.00
1,101.........................................         9.00        14.00
1,102.........................................        12.00        16.00
1,103.........................................        15.00        28.00
1,104.........................................        18.00        60.00
1,105.........................................        20.00        47.00
1,106.........................................        21.00        31.00
1,107.........................................        21.00        15.00
1,108.........................................        20.00        -2.00
1,109.........................................        20.00       -10.00
1,110.........................................        20.00        -2.00
1,111.........................................        20.00        70.00
1,112.........................................        21.00        83.00
1,113.........................................        22.00        84.00
1,114.........................................        22.00        83.00
1,115.........................................        18.00        78.00
1,116.........................................        14.00        68.00
1,117.........................................         8.00        10.00
1,118.........................................         4.00         4.00
1,119.........................................         1.00         0.0
1,120.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,121.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,122.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,123.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,124.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,125.........................................         0.0          1.00
1,126.........................................         1.00         5.00
1,127.........................................         5.00        18.00
1,128.........................................         9.00        19.00
1,129.........................................        12.00        18.00
1,130.........................................        12.00        15.00
1,131.........................................         9.00        10.00
1,132.........................................         5.00         5.00
1,133.........................................         2.00         2.00
1,134.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,135.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,136.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,137.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,138.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,139.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,140.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,141.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,142.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,143.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,144.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,145.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,146.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,147.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,148.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,149.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,150.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,151.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,152.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,153.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,154.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,155.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,156.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,157.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,158.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,159.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,160.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,161.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,162.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,163.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,164.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,165.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,166.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,167.........................................         0.0          0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) EPA Engine Dynamometer Schedule for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Percent
                                               -------------------------
               Record (seconds)                  Normalized
                                                revolutions   Normalized
                                                 per minute     torque
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................................         0.0          0.0
2.............................................         0.0          0.0
3.............................................         0.0          0.0
4.............................................         0.0          0.0
5.............................................         0.0          0.0
6.............................................         0.0          0.0
7.............................................         0.0          0.0
8.............................................         0.0          0.0
9.............................................         0.0          0.0
10............................................         0.0          0.0
11............................................         0.0          0.0
12............................................         0.0          0.0
13............................................         0.0          0.0
14............................................         0.0          0.0
15............................................         0.0          0.0
16............................................         0.0          0.0
17............................................         0.0          0.0
18............................................         0.0          0.0
19............................................         0.0          0.0
20............................................         0.0          0.0
21............................................         0.0          0.0
22............................................         0.0          0.0
23............................................         0.0          0.0
24............................................         0.0          0.0
25............................................         0.0          3.67
26............................................         0.0         47.69
27............................................         3.11        59.41
28............................................         9.09        84.54
29............................................        15.62        80.00
30............................................        33.49        80.00
31............................................        37.93        79.29
32............................................        31.20        38.25
33............................................        21.99        26.67
34............................................        30.00        15.10
35............................................        22.23        16.47
36............................................        19.61        28.05
37............................................        20.00        20.38
38............................................        18.33     (\1\)
39............................................         6.55     (\1\)
40............................................        15.82     (\1\)
41............................................        23.63     (\1\)
42............................................        17.51     (\1\)
43............................................        14.19        62.52
44............................................        16.64        69.36
45............................................        27.77        60.00
46............................................        37.03        63.79
47............................................        47.36        75.36
48............................................        54.77        80.00
49............................................        57.70        80.00
50............................................        54.03        79.92
51............................................        58.00        65.03
52............................................        58.65        43.23
53............................................        62.88        50.00
54............................................        69.83        50.00
55............................................        72.00        42.05
56............................................        75.81        40.00
57............................................        84.22        42.20
58............................................        83.86        41.28

[[Page 1172]]

 
59............................................        80.55     (\1\)
60............................................        80.51     (\1\)
61............................................        78.00     (\1\)
62............................................        79.79     (\1\)
63............................................        80.33        30.54
64............................................        85.58        42.12
65............................................        81.78        50.00
66............................................        78.00        50.00
67............................................        80.74        43.16
68............................................        92.10        73.65
69............................................        88.01     (\1\)
70............................................        84.00     (\1\)
71............................................        84.00     (\1\)
72............................................        81.17     (\1\)
73............................................        70.46     (\1\)
74............................................        66.00        13.57
75............................................        62.23        29.43
76............................................        64.00        20.00
77............................................        63.48        17.42
78............................................        60.34        10.00
79............................................        56.85        10.00
80............................................        56.00     (\1\)
81............................................        52.45     (\1\)
82............................................        39.91        10.00
83............................................        36.38        10.00
84............................................        30.00        10.00
85............................................        27.93        10.00
86............................................        26.00        16.74
87............................................        27.66         3.36
88............................................        28.00     (\1\)
89............................................        27.41     (\1\)
90............................................        20.96     (\1\)
91............................................        12.15     (\1\)
92............................................         3.81     (\1\)
93............................................         0.0          0.0
94............................................         0.0          0.0
95............................................         0.0          0.91
96............................................         0.0          7.52
97............................................         0.0          0.0
98............................................         0.0          0.0
99............................................         0.0          0.0
100...........................................         0.0          0.0
101...........................................         0.0          0.0
102...........................................         0.0          0.0
103...........................................         0.0          0.0
104...........................................         0.0          0.0
105...........................................         0.0          0.0
106...........................................         0.0          0.0
107...........................................         0.0          0.0
108...........................................         0.0          0.0
109...........................................         0.0          0.0
110...........................................         0.0          0.0
111...........................................         0.0          0.0
112...........................................         0.0          0.0
113...........................................         0.0          0.0
114...........................................         0.0          0.0
115...........................................         0.0          0.0
116...........................................         0.0          0.0
117...........................................         0.0          0.0
118...........................................         0.0          0.0
119...........................................         0.0          0.0
120...........................................         0.0          0.0
121...........................................         0.0          0.0
122...........................................         0.0          0.0
123...........................................         0.0          0.0
124...........................................         0.0          0.0
125...........................................         0.0          0.0
126...........................................         0.0          0.0
127...........................................         0.0          0.0
128...........................................         0.0          0.0
129...........................................         1.77     (\1\)
130...........................................         1.60     (\1\)
131...........................................         0.0          0.0
132...........................................         0.0          0.0
133...........................................         2.14         9.28
134...........................................         3.08         0.0
135...........................................         0.0          0.0
136...........................................         0.0          0.0
137...........................................         0.0          0.0
138...........................................         0.0          0.0
139...........................................         0.0          0.0
140...........................................         0.0          0.0
141...........................................         0.0          0.0
142...........................................         0.0          0.0
143...........................................         0.0          0.0
144...........................................         0.0          0.0
145...........................................         0.0          0.0
146...........................................         0.0          0.0
147...........................................         0.0          5.51
148...........................................         0.0         11.34
149...........................................         0.0          0.0
150...........................................         0.0          0.0
151...........................................         0.0          0.0
152...........................................         0.0          0.0
153...........................................         0.0          0.0
154...........................................         0.0          0.0
155...........................................         0.0          0.0
156...........................................         0.0          0.0
157...........................................         0.0          0.0
158...........................................         0.0          0.21
159...........................................         0.0         30.00
160...........................................         0.0         26.78
161...........................................         0.0         20.00
162...........................................         0.0         20.00
163...........................................         0.0          4.12
164...........................................         0.0          0.0
165...........................................         0.0          0.0
166...........................................         0.0          0.0
167...........................................         0.0          0.0
168...........................................         0.0          0.0
169...........................................         0.0          0.0
170...........................................         0.0          0.0
171...........................................         0.0          0.0
172...........................................         0.0          0.0
173...........................................         0.0          0.0
174...........................................         0.0          0.0
175...........................................         0.0          0.0
176...........................................         0.0          0.0
177...........................................         0.0          0.0
178...........................................         0.0          0.0
179...........................................         0.0          0.0
180...........................................         0.0          0.0
181...........................................         0.0          0.0
182...........................................         0.0          0.0
183...........................................         0.0          0.0
184...........................................         0.0         20.00
185...........................................         0.0         20.00
186...........................................         0.0         11.73
187...........................................         0.0          0.0
188...........................................         0.0          0.0
189...........................................         0.0          0.0
190...........................................         0.0          0.0
191...........................................         0.0          0.0
192...........................................         0.0          0.0
193...........................................         0.0          0.0
194...........................................         0.0          0.0
195...........................................         0.0          0.0
196...........................................         0.0          0.0
197...........................................         0.0          0.0
198...........................................         0.0          0.0
199...........................................         0.0          0.0
200...........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1173]]

 
201...........................................         0.0          0.0
202...........................................         0.0          0.0
203...........................................         0.0          0.0
204...........................................         0.0          0.0
205...........................................         0.0          0.0
206...........................................         0.0          0.0
207...........................................         0.0          0.0
208...........................................         0.0          0.0
209...........................................         0.0          0.0
210...........................................         0.0          0.0
211...........................................         0.0          0.0
212...........................................         0.0          0.0
213...........................................         0.0          0.0
214...........................................         0.0         73.41
215...........................................         0.0         90.00
216...........................................        31.30        81.30
217...........................................        41.15        90.00
218...........................................        44.00        90.00
219...........................................        46.41        90.00
220...........................................        51.04        82.41
221...........................................        66.66        80.00
222...........................................        75.03        90.00
223...........................................        89.85        90.00
224...........................................        96.78        93.88
225...........................................        96.91        50.94
226...........................................        94.60        17.02
227...........................................        99.16        28.60
228...........................................       100.00        39.83
229...........................................       100.00        30.00
230...........................................       100.00        26.69
231...........................................       100.98        20.00
232...........................................       100.71        20.00
233...........................................       100.00        36.06
234...........................................        96.16        40.00
235...........................................        95.77        30.00
236...........................................        94.55        32.75
237...........................................        96.86        35.68
238...........................................        99.18        30.00
239...........................................       100.00        44.93
240...........................................       101.81        50.00
241...........................................        86.54       (1)
242...........................................        63.56       (1)
243...........................................        56.00       (1)
244...........................................        46.00       (1)
245...........................................        41.86        45.18
246...........................................        38.31        78.47
247...........................................        35.98        80.00
248...........................................        31.03        80.00
249...........................................        25.36        80.00
250...........................................        23.05        60.97
251...........................................        18.20        27.34
252...........................................        12.84        43.71
253...........................................        10.10        68.95
254...........................................         3.79        68.95
255...........................................         1.48        44.28
256...........................................         0.0          0.0
257...........................................         0.0          0.0
258...........................................         0.0          0.0
259...........................................         0.0          0.0
260...........................................         0.0          0.0
261...........................................         0.0          0.0
262...........................................         0.0          0.0
263...........................................         0.0         24.97
264...........................................         0.0         17.16
265...........................................         0.0          6.20
266...........................................         0.0         10.00
267...........................................         0.0         10.00
268...........................................         0.0          0.0
269...........................................         0.0          0.0
270...........................................         0.0          0.0
271...........................................         0.0          0.0
272...........................................         0.0          0.0
273...........................................         0.0          0.0
274...........................................         0.0          0.0
275...........................................         0.0          0.0
276...........................................         0.0          0.0
277...........................................         0.0          0.0
278...........................................         0.0          0.0
279...........................................         0.0          0.0
280...........................................         0.0          0.0
281...........................................         0.0          0.0
282...........................................         0.0          0.0
283...........................................         0.0          0.0
284...........................................         0.0          0.0
285...........................................         0.0          0.0
286...........................................         0.0          0.0
287...........................................         0.0          0.0
288...........................................         0.0          0.0
289...........................................         0.0          0.0
290...........................................         0.0          0.0
291...........................................         0.0          0.0
292...........................................         0.0          0.0
293...........................................         0.0          0.0
294...........................................         0.0          0.0
295...........................................         0.0          0.0
296...........................................         0.0          0.0
297...........................................         0.0          0.0
298...........................................         0.0          0.0
299...........................................         0.0          0.0
300...........................................         0.0          0.0
301...........................................         0.0          0.0
302...........................................         0.0          0.0
303...........................................         0.0          0.0
304...........................................         0.0          0.0
305...........................................         0.0          0.0
306...........................................         0.0          0.0
307...........................................         0.0          0.0
308...........................................         0.0          0.0
309...........................................         0.0          0.0
310...........................................         0.0          0.0
311...........................................         0.0          0.0
312...........................................         0.0          0.0
313...........................................         0.0          0.0
314...........................................         0.0          0.0
315...........................................         0.0          0.0
316...........................................         0.0          0.0
317...........................................         0.0          0.0
318...........................................         0.0          0.0
319...........................................         0.0          0.0
320...........................................         0.0          0.0
321...........................................         0.0         15.55
322...........................................         0.0         20.00
323...........................................        24.18        19.08
324...........................................        23.00        10.00
325...........................................        11.56         1.86
326...........................................         6.87     (\1\)
327...........................................         6.00     (\1\)
328...........................................         0.72     (\1\)
329...........................................         0.0          0.0
330...........................................         0.0          0.0
331...........................................         0.0          0.0
332...........................................         0.0          0.0
333...........................................         0.0          0.0
334...........................................         0.0          0.0
335...........................................         0.0          0.0
336...........................................         0.0          0.0
337...........................................         0.0          0.0
338...........................................         0.0          0.0
339...........................................         0.0          0.0
340...........................................         0.0          0.0
341...........................................         0.0          0.0
342...........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1174]]

 
343...........................................         0.0          0.0
344...........................................         0.0          0.0
345...........................................         0.0          0.0
346...........................................         0.0          0.0
347...........................................         0.0          0.0
348...........................................         0.0          0.0
349...........................................         0.0          0.0
350...........................................         0.0          0.0
351...........................................         0.0          0.0
352...........................................         0.0          0.0
353...........................................         0.0          0.0
354...........................................         0.0          0.0
355...........................................         0.0          0.0
356...........................................         0.0          0.0
357...........................................         0.0          0.0
358...........................................         0.0          0.0
359...........................................         0.0          0.0
360...........................................         0.0          0.0
361...........................................         0.0          0.0
362...........................................         0.0          0.0
363...........................................         0.0          0.0
364...........................................         0.0          0.0
365...........................................         0.0          0.0
366...........................................         0.0          0.0
367...........................................         0.0          0.0
368...........................................         0.0          0.0
369...........................................         0.0          0.0
370...........................................         0.0          0.0
371...........................................         0.0          0.0
372...........................................         0.0          0.0
373...........................................         0.0          0.0
374...........................................         0.0          0.0
375...........................................         0.0          0.0
376...........................................         0.0          0.0
377...........................................         0.0         29.59
378...........................................        -1.50        87.46
379...........................................         8.88       100.00
380...........................................        46.04       100.00
381...........................................        76.89       100.00
382...........................................        80.00       100.00
383...........................................        82.14        94.64
384...........................................        85.39        83.07
385...........................................        87.70        88.51
386...........................................        92.00        79.83
387...........................................        92.00        61.66
388...........................................        94.58        66.77
389...........................................       102.88        60.00
390...........................................       106.00        72.76
391...........................................       109.18         8.43
392...........................................       111.91     (\1\)
393...........................................        82.00     (\1\)
394...........................................        79.33     (\1\)
395...........................................        71.15     (\1\)
396...........................................        68.84     (\1\)
397...........................................        78.35        49.17
398...........................................        82.00        70.00
399...........................................        80.65        69.46
400...........................................        92.85        60.00
401...........................................        97.48        60.00
402...........................................        98.95        60.00
403...........................................       100.74        60.00
404...........................................       103.68        43.17
405...........................................       104.00        10.04
406...........................................        80.62        20.00
407...........................................        83.37        20.00
408...........................................        81.06        15.29
409...........................................        80.00        10.00
410...........................................        76.86       (1)
411...........................................        74.11       (1)
412...........................................        71.60       (1)
413...........................................        70.58       (1)
414...........................................        78.00       (1)
415...........................................        80.29         1.45
416...........................................        80.54        17.30
417...........................................        78.23        11.13
418...........................................        78.45        19.55
419...........................................        84.36        24.16
420...........................................        72.16        80.00
421...........................................        79.10        74.83
422...........................................        90.09        16.04
423...........................................        74.04       (1)
424...........................................        68.02       (1)
425...........................................        68.53       (1)
426...........................................        59.39       (1)
427...........................................        63.54       (1)
428...........................................        70.00         2.38
429...........................................        73.10        17.76
430...........................................        72.13       (1)
431...........................................        67.27       (1)
432...........................................        36.03       (1)
433...........................................        20.75       (1)
434...........................................        11.49       (1)
435...........................................        -2.09         0.0
436...........................................        -0.73         0.0
437...........................................         8.57        60.00
438...........................................        30.55        61.93
439...........................................        67.10        63.00
440...........................................        86.03        39.85
441...........................................        89.33        30.00
442...........................................        91.64        30.00
443...........................................        97.88        10.40
444...........................................        97.73         1.37
445...........................................        96.00        10.00
446...........................................        96.00         0.96
447...........................................        96.00       (1)
448...........................................        85.27        28.34
449...........................................        87.54        30.76
450...........................................        86.16        29.18
451...........................................        88.00        20.00
452...........................................        87.21        20.00
453...........................................        86.00        20.00
454...........................................        87.42        20.00
455...........................................        88.00        11.32
456...........................................        77.84       (1)
457...........................................        72.00       (1)
458...........................................        71.32       (1)
459...........................................        70.00         0.04
460...........................................        70.00       (1)
461...........................................        74.88       (1)
462...........................................        74.06       (1)
463...........................................        67.74       (1)
464...........................................        66.00       (1)
465...........................................        64.23       (1)
466...........................................        62.00       (1)
467...........................................        55.94       (1)
468...........................................        54.00       (1)
469...........................................        66.43       (1)
470...........................................        75.21        70.00
471...........................................        86.00        54.53
472...........................................        86.00        24.56
473...........................................        88.81       (1)
474...........................................        90.00       (1)
475...........................................       105.48       (1)
476...........................................        74.00       (1)
477...........................................        73.34       (1)
478...........................................        71.02        10.00
479...........................................        76.46        29.38
480...........................................        81.61        40.00
481...........................................        78.16        30.39
482...........................................        74.13        26.46
483...........................................        90.00         0.0
484...........................................        90.87         0.0

[[Page 1175]]

 
485...........................................        92.00       (1)
486...........................................        93.50       (1)
487...........................................        94.00       (1)
488...........................................        94.13       (1)
489...........................................        88.96       (1)
490...........................................        63.25       (1)
491...........................................        62.00       (1)
492...........................................        49.54        45.37
493...........................................        52.49        86.99
494...........................................        64.00        90.00
495...........................................        64.99        90.00
496...........................................        71.93        93.22
497...........................................        78.87        95.21
498...........................................        82.00        83.64
499...........................................        86.76        80.00
500...........................................        93.71        80.00
501...........................................        94.87        80.00
502...........................................       103.60        80.00
503...........................................       101.23        41.89
504...........................................        95.48        24.85
505...........................................        98.00        50.00
506...........................................        99.79        50.00
507...........................................       106.21        46.82
508...........................................       110.84     (\1\)
509...........................................        98.55     (\1\)
510...........................................        70.95     (\1\)
511...........................................        67.27     (\1\)
512...........................................        60.96     (\1\)
513...........................................        48.03     (\1\)
514...........................................        52.31     (\1\)
515...........................................        54.00     (\1\)
516...........................................        65.27     (\1\)
517...........................................        78.00     (\1\)
518...........................................        57.61     (\1\)
519...........................................        42.58     (\1\)
520...........................................        38.81     (\1\)
521...........................................        22.37     (\1\)
522...........................................         3.52     (\1\)
523...........................................         0.0          0.0
524...........................................        -1.46        36.39
525...........................................        -0.23         5.75
526...........................................         0.0          0.0
527...........................................         0.0          0.0
528...........................................         0.0          0.0
529...........................................         0.0          0.0
530...........................................         0.0          0.0
531...........................................         0.0          0.0
532...........................................         0.0          0.0
533...........................................         0.0          0.0
534...........................................         0.0          0.0
535...........................................         0.0          0.0
536...........................................         0.0          0.0
537...........................................         0.0          0.0
538...........................................         0.0          0.0
539...........................................         0.0          0.0
540...........................................         0.0          0.0
541...........................................         0.0          0.0
542...........................................         0.0          0.0
543...........................................         0.0          0.0
544...........................................         0.0      (\1\)
545...........................................         0.0          0.0
546...........................................        -0.75         0.0
547...........................................        -0.56         0.0
548...........................................         4.00     (\1\)
549...........................................         0.68     (\1\)
550...........................................         0.0          0.0
551...........................................         0.0          0.0
552...........................................         0.0          2.60
553...........................................         0.0         20.00
554...........................................         0.0         20.00
555...........................................         0.0          7.96
556...........................................         0.0          0.0
557...........................................         0.0          0.0
558...........................................         0.0         78.53
559...........................................         1.85        60.00
560...........................................        11.10        63.88
561...........................................        16.00        70.00
562...........................................        30.05        70.00
563...........................................        42.88        70.00
564...........................................        56.10        70.00
565...........................................        63.39        66.52
566...........................................        70.66        59.94
567...........................................        72.98        80.00
568...........................................        77.87        86.46
569...........................................        88.03        90.00
570...........................................        90.00        90.00
571...........................................        92.23       100.00
572...........................................        94.00       100.00
573...........................................        94.86       100.00
574...........................................        96.00       100.00
575...........................................        97.49       100.00
576...........................................       108.84       100.00
577...........................................       110.00        83.92
578...........................................       104.77     (\1\)
579...........................................        87.50     (\1\)
580...........................................        90.00         0.0
581...........................................        91.38     (\1\)
582...........................................        81.84     (\1\)
583...........................................        65.99     (\1\)
584...........................................        63.68     (\1\)
585...........................................        60.73     (\1\)
586...........................................        57.05     (\1\)
587...........................................        53.47     (\1\)
588...........................................        50.42     (\1\)
589...........................................        44.31     (\1\)
590...........................................        37.58        37.91
591...........................................        33.48        20.00
592...........................................        31.16        20.00
593...........................................        28.85        20.00
594...........................................        22.13        20.00
595...........................................         9.31     (\1\)
596...........................................         0.0          0.0
597...........................................         0.0          0.0
598...........................................         0.0          0.0
599...........................................         0.0          0.0
600...........................................         0.0          0.0
601...........................................         0.0          0.0
602...........................................         0.0          0.0
603...........................................         0.0          0.0
604...........................................         0.0          0.0
605...........................................         0.0          0.0
606...........................................         2.52         6.30
607...........................................        10.30        17.87
608...........................................        13.89        20.00
609...........................................        20.20        20.00
610...........................................        24.07        22.59
611...........................................        33.33        17.50
612...........................................        40.30     (\1\)
613...........................................        47.85     (\1\)
614...........................................        66.00         7.78
615...........................................        68.00        10.93
616...........................................        67.59        32.04
617...........................................        66.00        40.00
618...........................................        67.04        40.00
619...........................................        68.00        40.00
620...........................................        68.00        48.33
621...........................................        75.93        99.53
622...........................................        78.00       100.00
623...........................................        78.00       100.00
624...........................................        77.07       100.00
625...........................................        76.00       100.00
626...........................................        76.00       100.00

[[Page 1176]]

 
627...........................................        76.00       100.00
628...........................................        75.63       100.00
629...........................................        73.00        97.50
630...........................................        76.81        90.00
631...........................................        80.26        90.00
632...........................................        83.44        90.00
633...........................................        84.00        98.79
634...........................................        84.00       100.00
635...........................................        83.61       100.00
636...........................................        82.00       100.00
637...........................................        83.02        94.91
638...........................................        86.67        90.00
639...........................................        89.65        90.00
640...........................................        90.00        99.81
641...........................................        89.45       100.00
642...........................................        86.00       100.00
643...........................................        86.00        95.47
644...........................................        87.22        90.00
645...........................................        88.00        90.00
646...........................................        88.00        80.74
647...........................................        88.00        79.17
648...........................................        88.00        77.21
649...........................................        88.00       100.00
650...........................................        88.00        94.45
651...........................................        88.00        90.00
652...........................................        88.00        90.00
653...........................................        90.00        90.00
654...........................................        89.63        90.00
655...........................................        88.68        90.00
656...........................................        90.00        90.00
657...........................................        90.00        90.00
658...........................................        91.63        81.86
659...........................................        92.00        80.00
660...........................................        90.00        81.29
661...........................................        89.43        92.86
662...........................................        87.11       100.00
663...........................................        86.00       100.00
664...........................................        86.00       100.00
665...........................................        89.66       100.00
666...........................................        90.00        99.27
667...........................................        90.46        90.00
668...........................................        92.78        90.00
669...........................................        95.09        90.00
670...........................................       100.22        82.97
671...........................................       102.00        80.00
672...........................................       102.00        70.18
673...........................................       102.00        80.00
674...........................................        97.34        50.07
675...........................................        87.02     (\1\)
676...........................................        86.00     (\1\)
677...........................................        73.12        22.19
678...........................................        75.77        39.62
679...........................................        75.76        48.80
680...........................................        75.11        37.23
681...........................................        78.00        34.34
682...........................................        80.37        40.00
683...........................................        77.51        47.49
684...........................................        81.44        50.00
685...........................................        82.13        39.36
686...........................................        84.00        27.79
687...........................................        84.00        16.21
688...........................................        84.00        15.36
689...........................................        85.39        26.93
690...........................................        86.00        30.00
691...........................................        86.00        30.08
692...........................................        85.67        40.00
693...........................................        84.65        40.00
694...........................................        86.00        35.20
695...........................................        87.28        30.00
696...........................................        88.00        22.05
697...........................................        86.09     (\1\)
698...........................................        83.78     (\1\)
699...........................................        81.47     (\1\)
700...........................................        81.70     (\1\)
701...........................................        85.16     (\1\)
702...........................................        84.52     (\1\)
703...........................................        82.21     (\1\)
704...........................................        79.89     (\1\)
705...........................................        77.58       (1)
706...........................................        76.00         6.31
707...........................................        79.16         0.0
708...........................................        75.16        27.36
709...........................................        72.00        40.00
710...........................................        72.00        40.00
711...........................................        74.00        38.44
712...........................................        74.00        30.00
713...........................................        74.00        30.00
714...........................................        74.00        36.28
715...........................................        72.43        47.86
716...........................................        68.23        59.43
717...........................................        73.80        50.00
718...........................................        72.52        50.00
719...........................................        74.00        45.85
720...........................................        72.85        57.18
721...........................................        76.38        62.70
722...........................................        81.55        60.00
723...........................................        80.18        60.00
724...........................................        83.60        60.00
725...........................................        83.44        56.40
726...........................................        86.00        50.00
727...........................................        87.35        50.00
728...........................................        86.34        50.00
729...........................................        86.00        40.11
730...........................................        88.29        61.47
731...........................................        88.78        63.92
732...........................................        86.92        50.00
733...........................................        86.76        50.00
734...........................................        87.55        42.24
735...........................................        88.00        49.34
736...........................................        86.00        50.91
737...........................................        86.00        67.45
738...........................................        86.00        81.88
739...........................................        87.13        70.00
740...........................................        89.44        77.21
741...........................................        91.76        88.78
742...........................................        90.07        89.65
743...........................................        92.00        80.00
744...........................................        92.70        80.00
745...........................................        94.00        80.00
746...........................................        94.00        80.00
747...........................................        94.00        80.00
748...........................................        94.00        80.00
749...........................................        94.00        81.37
750...........................................        94.59        87.05
751...........................................        96.00        57.40
752...........................................        96.00        42.19
753...........................................        96.00        42.33
754...........................................        96.00        40.00
755...........................................        96.00        38.37
756...........................................        96.00        12.83
757...........................................        96.00       (1)
758...........................................        96.00       (1)
759...........................................        96.00       (1)
760...........................................        97.74         7.37
761...........................................       100.05        19.74
762...........................................       102.00        11.83
763...........................................       102.00        26.81
764...........................................       103.00        49.96
765...........................................       104.00        60.00
766...........................................       102.37        60.00
767...........................................       103.94        60.00
768...........................................       104.00        40.00

[[Page 1177]]

 
769...........................................       104.00        25.75
770...........................................       103.12       (1)
771...........................................       100.80       (1)
772...........................................       100.00       (1)
773...........................................       101.83        44.88
774...........................................       102.00        36.40
775...........................................       102.00       (1)
776...........................................       102.00       (1)
777...........................................       100.91       (1)
778...........................................       101.40       (1)
779...........................................       100.28       (1)
780...........................................        97.97       (1)
781...........................................        96.00       (1)
782...........................................        96.00        10.00
783...........................................        96.00         0.23
784...........................................        96.00       (1)
785...........................................        96.00       (1)
786...........................................        94.08       (1)
787...........................................        78.00       (1)
788...........................................        77.45       (1)
789...........................................        71.67        28.96
790...........................................        67.18        80.00
791...........................................        66.50        87.48
792...........................................        71.43        90.00
793...........................................        74.13        90.00
794...........................................        75.56        92.20
795...........................................        74.75       100.00
796...........................................        77.07        94.65
797...........................................        79.38        83.08
798...........................................        80.00        71.51
799...........................................        80.01        69.93
800...........................................        82.33        58.36
801...........................................        84.00        50.00
802...........................................        84.00        59.58
803...........................................        84.00        76.36
804...........................................        84.00        80.00
805...........................................        84.00        70.49
806...........................................        82.00        80.00
807...........................................        81.47        82.66
808...........................................        80.00        90.00
809...........................................        77.68        90.00
810...........................................        74.52        75.24
811...........................................        77.58        78.96
812...........................................        81.89        80.00
813...........................................        80.42        80.00
814...........................................        82.00        83.68
815...........................................        83.05        79.50
816...........................................        84.00        70.00
817...........................................        84.00        61.60
818...........................................        84.00        50.03
819...........................................        86.00        60.00
820...........................................        86.00        60.00
821...........................................        86.00        69.39
822...........................................        88.51        73.73
823...........................................        88.43        70.00
824...........................................        88.00        70.00
825...........................................        94.00        70.99
826...........................................        94.51        80.00
827...........................................        95.17        80.00
828...........................................        95.14        80.00
829...........................................        94.54        80.00
830...........................................        94.00        80.00
831...........................................        94.00        77.89
832...........................................        94.00        31.99
833...........................................        94.00        43.57
834...........................................        94.00        60.28
835...........................................        94.00        63.29
836...........................................        94.00        76.57
837...........................................        94.00        89.86
838...........................................        94.29        90.00
839...........................................        97.80        87.00
840...........................................       102.91        80.00
841...........................................       104.00        73.85
842...........................................       104.00        62.28
843...........................................       104.00        69.29
844...........................................       106.00        70.00
845...........................................       106.00        62.70
846...........................................       106.00        40.00
847...........................................       104.88        40.00
848...........................................       104.00        32.85
849...........................................       104.00        30.00
850...........................................       104.00         0.30
851...........................................       103.63        11.87
852...........................................       100.62        13.12
853...........................................        98.00         5.01
854...........................................        96.68        10.00
855...........................................        96.00     (\1\)
856...........................................        96.00     (\1\)
857...........................................        96.00     (\1\)
858...........................................        95.43     (\1\)
859...........................................        94.00     (\1\)
860...........................................        94.00     (\1\)
861...........................................        95.52         5.18
862...........................................        97.83     (\1\)
863...........................................        98.00     (\1\)
864...........................................        98.00     (\1\)
865...........................................        97.22     (\1\)
866...........................................        96.00         6.35
867...........................................        96.00        12.98
868...........................................        96.00        10.00
869...........................................        95.93        10.00
870...........................................        92.00        10.00
871...........................................        92.00        10.00
872...........................................        92.98        14.89
873...........................................        94.00        13.54
874...........................................        90.79        42.12
875...........................................        88.08        40.40
876...........................................        86.23        30.00
877...........................................        88.00        32.75
878...........................................        87.14        44.32
879...........................................        84.82        50.00
880...........................................        82.51        50.00
881...........................................        82.00        50.00
882...........................................        82.12        40.00
883...........................................        83.13        35.64
884...........................................        80.00        20.00
885...........................................        84.26        51.95
886...........................................        86.62        66.21
887...........................................        84.31        60.00
888...........................................        81.99         9.96
889...........................................        79.35         1.61
890...........................................        75.36        19.56
891...........................................        73.05        40.00
892...........................................        70.73         8.35
893...........................................        68.42     (\1\)
894...........................................        47.15         8.95
895...........................................        35.79        10.00
896...........................................        32.95         7.38
897...........................................        29.16     (\1\)
898...........................................        16.47     (\1\)
899...........................................         2.13     (\1\)
900...........................................         0.0          0.0
901...........................................         0.0          0.0
902...........................................         0.0          0.0
903...........................................         0.0          0.0
904...........................................         0.0          0.0
905...........................................         0.0          0.0
906...........................................         0.0          0.0
907...........................................         0.0          0.0
908...........................................         0.0          0.0
909...........................................         0.0          0.0
910...........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1178]]

 
911...........................................         0.0          0.0
912...........................................         0.0          0.0
913...........................................         0.0          0.0
914...........................................         0.0          0.0
915...........................................         0.0          0.0
916...........................................         0.0          0.0
917...........................................         0.0          0.0
918...........................................         0.0          0.0
919...........................................         0.0          0.0
920...........................................         0.0          0.0
921...........................................         0.0          0.0
922...........................................         0.0          0.0
923...........................................         0.0          0.0
924...........................................         0.0          0.0
925...........................................         0.0          0.0
926...........................................         0.0          0.0
927...........................................         0.0          3.67
928...........................................         0.0         47.69
929...........................................         3.11        59.41
930...........................................         9.09        84.54
931...........................................        15.62        80.00
932...........................................        33.49        80.00
933...........................................        37.93        79.29
934...........................................        31.20        38.25
935...........................................        21.99        26.67
936...........................................        30.00        15.10
937...........................................        22.23        16.47
938...........................................        19.61        28.05
939...........................................        20.00        20.38
940...........................................        18.33     (\1\)
941...........................................         6.55     (\1\)
942...........................................        15.82     (\1\)
943...........................................        23.63     (\1\)
944...........................................        17.51     (\1\)
945...........................................        14.19        62.52
946...........................................        16.64        69.36
947...........................................        27.77        60.00
948...........................................        37.03        63.79
949...........................................        47.36        75.36
950...........................................        54.77        80.00
951...........................................        57.70        80.00
952...........................................        54.03        79.92
953...........................................        58.00        65.03
954...........................................        58.65        43.23
955...........................................        62.88        50.00
956...........................................        69.83        50.00
957...........................................        72.00        42.05
958...........................................        75.81        40.00
959...........................................        84.22        42.20
960...........................................        83.86        41.28
961...........................................        80.55     (\1\)
962...........................................        80.51     (\1\)
963...........................................        78.00     (\1\)
964...........................................        79.79     (\1\)
965...........................................        80.33        30.54
966...........................................        85.58        42.12
967...........................................        81.78        50.00
968...........................................        78.00        50.00
969...........................................        80.74        43.16
970...........................................        92.10        73.65
971...........................................        88.01     (\1\)
972...........................................        84.00     (\1\)
973...........................................        84.00     (\1\)
974...........................................        81.17     (\1\)
975...........................................        70.46     (\1\)
976...........................................        66.00        13.57
977...........................................        62.23        29.43
978...........................................        64.00        20.00
979...........................................        63.48        17.42
980...........................................        60.34        10.00
981...........................................        56.85        10.00
982...........................................        56.00     (\1\)
983...........................................        52.45     (\1\)
984...........................................        39.91        10.00
985...........................................        36.38        10.00
986...........................................        30.00        10.00
987...........................................        27.93        10.00
988...........................................        26.00        16.74
989...........................................        27.66         3.36
990...........................................        28.00     (\1\)
991...........................................        27.41     (\1\)
992...........................................        20.96     (\1\)
993...........................................        12.15     (\1\)
994...........................................         3.81     (\1\)
995...........................................         0.0          0.0
996...........................................         0.0          0.0
997...........................................         0.0          0.91
998...........................................         0.0          7.52
999...........................................         0.0          0.0
1,000.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,001.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,002.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,003.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,004.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,005.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,006.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,007.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,008.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,009.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,010.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,011.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,012.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,013.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,014.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,015.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,016.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,017.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,018.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,019.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,020.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,021.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,022.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,023.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,024.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,025.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,026.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,027.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,028.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,029.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,030.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,031.........................................         1.77     (\1\)
1,032.........................................         1.60     (\1\)
1,033.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,034.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,035.........................................         2.14         9.28
1,036.........................................         3.08         0.0
1,037.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,038.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,039.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,040.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,041.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,042.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,043.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,044.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,045.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,046.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,047.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,048.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,049.........................................         0.0          5.51
1,050.........................................         0.0         11.34
1,051.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,052.........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1179]]

 
1,053.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,054.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,055.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,056.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,057.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,058.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,059.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,060.........................................         0.0          0.21
1,061.........................................         0.0         30.00
1,062.........................................         0.0         26.78
1,063.........................................         0.0         20.00
1,064.........................................         0.0         20.00
1,065.........................................         0.0          4.12
1,066.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,067.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,068.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,069.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,070.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,071.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,072.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,073.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,074.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,075.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,076.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,077.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,078.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,079.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,080.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,081.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,082.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,083.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,084.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,085.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,086.........................................         0.0         20.00
1,087.........................................         0.0         20.00
1,088.........................................         0.0         11.73
1,089.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,090.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,091.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,092.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,093.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,094.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,095.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,096.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,097.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,098.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,099.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,100.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,101.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,102.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,103.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,104.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,105.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,106.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,107.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,108.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,109.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,110.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,111.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,112.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,113.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,114.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,115.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,116.........................................         0.0         73.41
1,117.........................................         0.0         90.00
1,118.........................................        31.30        81.30
1,119.........................................        41.15        90.00
1,120.........................................        44.00        90.00
1,121.........................................        46.41        90.00
1,122.........................................        51.04        82.41
1,123.........................................        66.66        80.00
1,124.........................................        75.03        90.00
1,125.........................................        89.85        90.00
1,126.........................................        96.78        93.88
1,127.........................................        96.91        50.94
1,128.........................................        94.60        17.02
1,129.........................................        99.16        28.60
1,130.........................................       100.00        39.83
1,131.........................................       100.00        30.00
1,132.........................................       100.00        26.69
1,133.........................................       100.98        20.00
1,134.........................................       100.71        20.00
1,135.........................................       100.00        36.06
1,136.........................................        96.16        40.00
1,137.........................................        95.77        30.00
1,138.........................................        94.55        32.75
1,139.........................................        96.86        35.68
1,140.........................................        99.18        30.00
1,141.........................................       100.00        44.93
1,142.........................................       101.81        50.00
1,143.........................................        86.54       (1)
1,144.........................................        63.56       (1)
1,145.........................................        56.00       (1)
1,146.........................................        46.00       (1)
1,147.........................................        41.86        45.18
1,148.........................................        38.31        78.47
1,149.........................................        35.98        80.00
1,150.........................................        31.03        80.00
1,151.........................................        25.36        80.00
1,152.........................................        23.05        60.97
1,153.........................................        18.20        27.34
1,154.........................................        12.84        43.71
1,155.........................................        10.10        68.95
1,156.........................................         3.79        68.95
1,157.........................................         1.48        44.28
1,158.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,159.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,160.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,161.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,162.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,163.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,164.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,165.........................................         0.0         24.97
1,166.........................................         0.0         17.16
1,167.........................................         0.0          6.20
1,168.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,169.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,170.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,171.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,172.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,173.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,174.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,175.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,176.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,177.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,178.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,179.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,180.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,181.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,182.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,183.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,184.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,185.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,186.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,187.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,188.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,189.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,190.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,191.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,192.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,193.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,194.........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1180]]

 
1,195.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,196.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,197.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,198.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,199.........................................         0.0          0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Closed throttle motoring.

    (3) Optional EPA Engine Dynamometer Schedule for Heavy-duty Otto-
cycle engines.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Percent
                                               -------------------------
               Record (seconds)                  Normalized
                                                revolutions   Normalized
                                                 per minute     torque
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................................         0.0          0.0
2.............................................         0.0          0.0
3.............................................         0.0          0.0
4.............................................         0.0          0.0
5.............................................         0.0          0.0
6.............................................         0.0          0.0
7.............................................         0.0          0.0
8.............................................         0.0          0.0
9.............................................         0.0          0.0
10............................................         0.0          0.0
11............................................         0.0          0.0
12............................................         0.0          0.0
13............................................         0.0          0.0
14............................................         0.0          0.0
15............................................         0.0          0.0
16............................................         0.0          0.0
17............................................         0.0          0.0
18............................................         0.0          0.0
19............................................         0.0          0.0
20............................................         0.0          0.0
21............................................         0.0          0.0
22............................................         0.0          0.0
23............................................         0.0          0.0
24............................................         0.0          0.0
25............................................        -1.78        44.40
26............................................         0.0         85.35
27............................................         4.25       100.00
28............................................        27.47       100.00
29............................................        42.96       100.00
30............................................        45.79       100.00
31............................................        48.11        99.46
32............................................        50.42        90.00
33............................................        52.74        75.23
34............................................        54.00        50.00
35............................................        44.42         8.96
36............................................        45.05       -10.00
37............................................        46.00         9.99
38............................................        37.69       -10.00
39............................................        31.61         5.68
40............................................        22.94        35.29
41............................................        24.00         4.87
42............................................        20.86       -10.00
43............................................        12.45       -10.00
44............................................         6.00       -10.00
45............................................         6.52       -10.00
46............................................         7.17       -10.00
47............................................         2.56       -10.00
48............................................         0.0          0.0
49............................................         0.0          0.0
50............................................         0.0          0.0
51............................................         0.0         10.11
52............................................         4.32        46.40
53............................................         8.90        45.17
54............................................         1.95        50.00
55............................................         3.33        41.68
56............................................         4.00        89.46
57............................................        13.76        55.60
58............................................        26.43        26.96
59............................................        33.85         6.16
60............................................        36.00       -10.00
61............................................        34.45       -10.00
62............................................        34.00       -10.00
63............................................        35.64       -10.00
64............................................        32.99        27.39
65............................................        36.00        80.00
66............................................        41.63        74.37
67............................................        60.41        26.76
68............................................        48.44       -10.00
69............................................        43.86       -10.00
70............................................        40.39       -10.00
71............................................        38.50         4.01
72............................................        35.05        30.00
73............................................        40.66        16.70
74............................................        43.64        26.45
75............................................        45.96       -10.00
76............................................        47.10       -10.00
77............................................        49.29       -10.00
78............................................        37.10       -10.00
79............................................        36.00       -10.00
80............................................        34.47       -10.00
81............................................        32.15       -10.00
82............................................        31.67       -10.00
83............................................        28.48        13.89
84............................................        32.38        90.00
85............................................        36.00        90.00
86............................................        41.69        90.00
87............................................        45.74        90.00
88............................................        49.95        80.00
89............................................        49.10        80.00
90............................................        50.59        62.97
91............................................        45.99        34.98
92............................................        42.76         7.23
93............................................        35.12       -10.00
94............................................        32.06        67.92
95............................................        35.53        62.55
96............................................        46.57        68.60
97............................................        49.77        48.85
98............................................        52.00        60.00
99............................................        58.06        60.00
100...........................................        63.66        23.42
101...........................................        64.14        17.84
102...........................................        59.58         3.76
103...........................................        38.00        42.26
104...........................................        39.09        30.00
105...........................................        40.00        30.00
106...........................................        34.85        47.18
107...........................................        32.03        10.33
108...........................................        34.00        33.48
109...........................................        34.00        50.00
110...........................................        33.02        20.69
111...........................................        25.54       -10.00
112...........................................        15.57       -10.00
113...........................................        14.00       -10.00
114...........................................        14.47        27.64
115...........................................        18.00         4.49
116...........................................        17.13       -10.00
117...........................................        16.00       -10.00
118...........................................        10.02       -10.00
119...........................................         9.81       -10.00
120...........................................         5.88       -10.00
121...........................................         4.00       -10.00
122...........................................         4.00       -10.00
123...........................................         2.93       -10.00
124...........................................         0.62       -10.00
125...........................................         0.0          0.0
126...........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1181]]

 
127...........................................         0.0          0.0
128...........................................         0.0          0.0
129...........................................         0.0          0.0
130...........................................         0.0         10.00
131...........................................         0.0         10.00
132...........................................         0.0         29.02
133...........................................         0.0         27.83
134...........................................         0.0          7.34
135...........................................         0.0          0.0
136...........................................         0.0          0.0
137...........................................         0.0          0.0
138...........................................         0.0          0.0
139...........................................         0.0          0.0
140...........................................         0.0          0.0
141...........................................         0.0          0.0
142...........................................         0.0          0.0
143...........................................         0.0          0.0
144...........................................         0.0          0.0
145...........................................         0.0          0.0
146...........................................         2.00         0.0
147...........................................         1.38         0.0
148...........................................         0.0          0.0
149...........................................         0.0          6.27
150...........................................         0.0          2.16
151...........................................         0.0          0.0
152...........................................         0.0          0.0
153...........................................         0.0          0.0
154...........................................         0.83       -10.00
155...........................................         2.00       -10.00
156...........................................         0.54       -10.00
157...........................................         0.0          0.0
158...........................................         0.0          0.0
159...........................................         0.0          0.0
160...........................................         0.0          0.0
161...........................................         0.0          0.0
162...........................................         0.0          0.0
163...........................................         0.0          0.0
164...........................................         0.0          0.0
165...........................................         0.0          0.0
166...........................................         0.0          0.0
167...........................................         0.0         22.01
168...........................................         1.23        72.29
169...........................................         6.63        80.00
170...........................................        17.29        89.29
171...........................................        22.17        90.00
172...........................................        24.00        82.70
173...........................................        24.00        31.96
174...........................................        24.00       -10.00
175...........................................        22.57       -10.00
176...........................................        22.00       -10.00
177...........................................        13.88       -10.00
178...........................................        10.00       -10.00
179...........................................         9.31       -10.00
180...........................................         3.99       -10.00
181...........................................         0.0          0.0
182...........................................         0.0          0.0
183...........................................         0.0          0.0
184...........................................         0.0          0.0
185...........................................         0.0          0.0
186...........................................         0.0          0.0
187...........................................         0.0          0.0
188...........................................         0.0          0.0
189...........................................         0.0          0.0
190...........................................         0.0          0.0
191...........................................         0.0          0.0
192...........................................         0.0          0.0
193...........................................         0.0          0.0
194...........................................         0.0          0.0
195...........................................         0.0          0.0
196...........................................         0.0          0.0
197...........................................         0.0          0.0
198...........................................         0.0          0.0
199...........................................         0.0          0.0
200...........................................         0.0          0.0
201...........................................         0.0          0.0
202...........................................         0.0          0.0
203...........................................         0.0          0.0
204...........................................        -2.52         6.30
205...........................................        -4.22        15.28
206...........................................         0.0         10.00
207...........................................         0.0         10.00
208...........................................         0.0         10.00
209...........................................         0.0         75.93
210...........................................         0.0         32.22
211...........................................         1.67        35.00
212...........................................        15.48        29.82
213...........................................        25.46       -10.00
214...........................................        24.22       -10.00
215...........................................        23.44       -10.00
216...........................................        12.41        80.00
217...........................................         8.94        83.61
218...........................................         7.26        84.82
219...........................................        16.70        80.00
220...........................................        24.67        63.33
221...........................................         0.24        79.81
222...........................................         0.0          8.52
223...........................................         0.0          0.0
224...........................................         0.0          0.0
225...........................................         0.0          0.0
226...........................................         0.0          0.0
227...........................................         0.0          0.0
228...........................................         0.0          0.0
229...........................................         0.0          0.0
230...........................................         0.0          0.0
231...........................................         0.0          0.0
232...........................................         0.0          0.0
233...........................................         0.0         17.59
234...........................................         0.0         19.63
235...........................................         0.0         10.00
236...........................................         0.0         10.00
237...........................................         0.0         10.00
238...........................................         0.0          3.34
239...........................................         0.0          0.0
240...........................................         0.0          0.0
241...........................................         0.0          0.0
242...........................................         0.0          0.0
243...........................................         0.0          0.0
244...........................................         0.0          0.0
245...........................................         0.0          0.0
246...........................................         0.0          0.0
247...........................................         0.0          0.0
248...........................................         0.0          0.0
249...........................................         0.0          0.0
250...........................................         0.0          0.0
251...........................................         0.0          0.0
252...........................................         0.0          0.0
253...........................................         0.0          0.0
254...........................................         0.0          0.0
255...........................................         0.0          0.0
256...........................................         0.0          0.0
257...........................................         0.0          0.0
258...........................................         0.0          0.0
259...........................................         0.0          0.0
260...........................................         0.0          0.0
261...........................................         0.0          0.0
262...........................................         0.0          0.0
263...........................................         0.0          0.0
264...........................................         0.0          0.0
265...........................................         0.0          0.0
266...........................................         0.0          0.0
267...........................................         0.0          0.0
268...........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1182]]

 
269...........................................         0.0          0.0
270...........................................         0.0          0.0
271...........................................         0.0          0.0
272...........................................         0.0          0.0
273...........................................         0.0          0.0
274...........................................         0.0          0.0
275...........................................         0.0          0.0
276...........................................         0.0          0.0
277...........................................         0.0          0.0
278...........................................         0.0          0.0
279...........................................         0.0          0.0
280...........................................         0.0          0.0
281...........................................         0.0          4.17
282...........................................         1.15        10.00
283...........................................         2.00        10.00
284...........................................         0.22        10.00
285...........................................         0.0          0.0
286...........................................         0.0          0.0
287...........................................         0.0          0.0
288...........................................         0.0          0.0
289...........................................         0.0          0.0
290...........................................         0.0          0.0
291...........................................         0.0          0.0
292...........................................         0.0          0.0
293...........................................         0.0          0.0
294...........................................         0.0          0.0
295...........................................         0.0          0.0
296...........................................         0.0          0.0
297...........................................         0.0          0.0
298...........................................         0.0          0.0
299...........................................         0.0          0.0
300...........................................         0.0          4.07
301...........................................         0.0         10.00
302...........................................         0.0         17.22
303...........................................         0.0         20.00
304...........................................         0.0         20.37
305...........................................         2.33        31.94
306...........................................        16.22        36.48
307...........................................        24.00        24.91
308...........................................        24.00        13.34
309...........................................        19.06        10.00
310...........................................        18.00       -10.00
311...........................................        17.17       -10.00
312...........................................         9.04       -10.00
313...........................................         1.09       -10.00
314...........................................         0.0          0.0
315...........................................         0.0          0.0
316...........................................         0.0          0.0
317...........................................         0.0          0.0
318...........................................         0.0          0.0
319...........................................         0.0          0.0
320...........................................         0.0          0.0
321...........................................         0.0          0.0
322...........................................         0.0          0.0
323...........................................         0.0          0.82
324...........................................         0.37        41.08
325...........................................         2.68        90.00
326...........................................         6.00        94.99
327...........................................        11.94       100.00
328...........................................        15.63       100.00
329...........................................        41.26        90.28
330...........................................        46.26        90.00
331...........................................        44.56        67.08
332...........................................        36.00         1.12
333...........................................        27.58        50.12
334...........................................        23.52        90.00
335...........................................        24.00        90.00
336...........................................        26.29        70.00
337...........................................        30.00        65.38
338...........................................        30.00        34.47
339...........................................        30.00        10.00
340...........................................        30.00        10.00
341...........................................        30.00        10.00
342...........................................        30.18        60.00
343...........................................        40.00        58.25
344...........................................        40.67        50.00
345...........................................        41.02        50.00
346...........................................        40.00        50.00
347...........................................        41.61        50.00
348...........................................        42.00        50.00
349...........................................        46.00        50.00
350...........................................        48.22        50.00
351...........................................        59.21        58.69
352...........................................        67.18        70.00
353...........................................        71.00        70.00
354...........................................        72.00        70.00
355...........................................        72.13        68.08
356...........................................        74.89        28.94
357...........................................        68.91       -10.00
358...........................................        49.71       -10.00
359...........................................        41.84       -10.00
360...........................................        38.30       -10.00
361...........................................        35.93       -10.00
362...........................................        28.00       -10.00
363...........................................        23.48       -10.00
364...........................................        10.16       -10.00
365...........................................         4.72       -10.00
366...........................................         0.82         5.90
367...........................................        -9.53        19.53
368...........................................         2.20        45.60
369...........................................        20.53         7.33
370...........................................        21.15         0.0
371...........................................        17.67       -10.00
372...........................................        13.04       -10.00
373...........................................         8.41        79.70
374...........................................        10.33       100.00
375...........................................        17.27       100.00
376...........................................        22.00       100.00
377...........................................        25.16       100.00
378...........................................        29.37       100.00
379...........................................        36.73        66.35
380...........................................        40.00       -10.00
381...........................................        23.50       -10.00
382...........................................         9.37       -10.00
383...........................................         8.00       -10.00
384...........................................         6.74       -10.00
385...........................................         2.86       -10.00
386...........................................         0.11       -10.00
387...........................................         0.0          0.0
388...........................................         0.0          0.0
389...........................................         0.0          0.0
390...........................................         0.0          0.0
391...........................................         0.0          0.0
392...........................................         0.0          0.0
393...........................................         0.0          0.0
394...........................................         0.0          0.0
395...........................................         0.0          0.0
396...........................................         0.0          0.0
397...........................................         0.0          0.0
398...........................................         0.0          0.0
399...........................................         0.0          0.0
400...........................................         0.0          0.0
401...........................................         0.0          0.0
402...........................................         0.0          0.0
403...........................................         0.0          0.0
404...........................................         0.0          0.0
405...........................................         0.0          0.0
406...........................................         0.0          0.0
407...........................................         0.0          0.0
408...........................................         0.0          0.0
409...........................................         0.0          0.0
410...........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1183]]

 
411...........................................         0.0          0.0
412...........................................         0.0          0.0
413...........................................         0.0          0.0
414...........................................         0.0          0.0
415...........................................         0.0          0.0
416...........................................         0.0          0.0
417...........................................         0.0          0.0
418...........................................         0.0          0.0
419...........................................         2.27        20.00
420...........................................         2.82        14.11
421...........................................         0.0          0.0
422...........................................         0.0          0.0
423...........................................         0.0          0.0
424...........................................         0.0          0.0
425...........................................         0.0          0.0
426...........................................         0.0          0.0
427...........................................         0.0          0.0
428...........................................         0.0          0.0
429...........................................         0.0          0.0
430...........................................         0.0          0.0
431...........................................         0.26         0.78
432...........................................        16.60        31.83
433...........................................        45.32        29.78
434...........................................        43.00        10.00
435...........................................        40.69        10.00
436...........................................        35.12        10.00
437...........................................        28.18        19.70
438...........................................        28.26        47.45
439...........................................        30.00        30.00
440...........................................        30.00        30.00
441...........................................        30.00        30.00
442...........................................        34.54        30.00
443...........................................        36.00        30.00
444...........................................        36.43        30.00
445...........................................        43.84        30.00
446...........................................        50.00        30.00
447...........................................        50.00        24.56
448...........................................        50.00        20.00
449...........................................        50.00       -10.00
450...........................................        37.97       -10.00
451...........................................        35.30       -10.00
452...........................................        30.68       -10.00
453...........................................        27.02       -10.00
454...........................................        26.00       -10.00
455...........................................        26.00       -10.00
456...........................................        20.24       -10.00
457...........................................        14.00       -10.00
458...........................................        13.45        18.27
459...........................................         9.40        52.99
460...........................................        10.72        81.81
461...........................................        15.50        97.48
462...........................................        19.62       100.00
463...........................................        20.25       100.00
464...........................................        25.76       100.00
465...........................................        35.02       100.00
466...........................................        42.14        94.65
467...........................................        44.00        90.00
468...........................................        45.70        90.00
469...........................................        51.99        60.00
470...........................................        50.00        60.00
471...........................................        51.29        63.22
472...........................................        54.96        70.00
473...........................................        56.00        70.00
474...........................................        62.35        38.25
475...........................................        71.61        30.00
476...........................................        76.22        50.00
477...........................................        78.00        50.00
478...........................................        78.00        41.53
479...........................................        55.93        12.58
480...........................................        38.52         0.0
481...........................................        34.42        71.65
482...........................................        36.11        79.47
483...........................................        38.84        67.90
484...........................................        42.74        60.00
485...........................................        44.00        54.75
486...........................................        49.46        36.35
487...........................................        52.00        30.00
488...........................................        32.05       -10.00
489...........................................        25.69         0.0
490...........................................        24.00         0.0
491...........................................        24.00       -10.00
492...........................................        20.24       -10.00
493...........................................        10.16        68.43
494...........................................         8.00        80.58
495...........................................        10.20        80.99
496...........................................        13.54        90.00
497...........................................        18.00        94.13
498...........................................        20.28       100.00
499...........................................        22.00       100.00
500...........................................        23.77        91.15
501...........................................        28.08        90.00
502...........................................        30.00        86.01
503...........................................        32.85        80.70
504...........................................        32.86       100.00
505...........................................        33.37       100.00
506...........................................        36.00       100.00
507...........................................        51.77       100.00
508...........................................        60.57        95.72
509...........................................        64.00        70.00
510...........................................        64.91        70.00
511...........................................        75.83        70.00
512...........................................        82.00        70.00
513...........................................        85.72        51.42
514...........................................        86.17        49.14
515...........................................        88.49        35.13
516...........................................        90.00        15.99
517...........................................        91.12        26.74
518...........................................        92.00        32.85
519...........................................        93.74        30.00
520...........................................        89.29       -10.00
521...........................................        66.00        41.87
522...........................................        67.38        56.88
523...........................................        80.02        54.96
524...........................................        93.95        66.34
525...........................................        97.63        63.69
526...........................................        94.11        60.00
527...........................................        85.66       -10.00
528...........................................        70.00       -10.00
529...........................................        69.11       -10.00
530...........................................        66.80       -10.00
531...........................................        64.48       -10.00
532...........................................        53.00        44.98
533...........................................        52.73        49.27
534...........................................        62.00        40.00
535...........................................        62.00        43.88
536...........................................        64.18        44.55
537...........................................        53.36         4.88
538...........................................        46.28        15.79
539...........................................        46.00        19.83
540...........................................        45.65        10.00
541...........................................        45.99        10.00
542...........................................        48.05        10.00
543...........................................        44.71         3.54
544...........................................        48.82       -10.00
545...........................................        51.92        66.82
546...........................................        47.53       -10.00
547...........................................        36.31         9.23
548...........................................        17.73        55.68
549...........................................        29.43        38.22
550...........................................        36.00        37.46
551...........................................        36.00        40.00
552...........................................        34.00        40.00

[[Page 1184]]

 
553...........................................        34.00        40.00
554...........................................        34.00        36.25
555...........................................        38.26        24.68
556...........................................        43.38        61.38
557...........................................        50.78        46.12
558...........................................        52.00        19.92
559...........................................        52.32         0.0
560...........................................        52.09         3.19
561...........................................        48.00        10.00
562...........................................        48.00        10.00
563...........................................        48.00        10.00
564...........................................        30.94        19.48
565...........................................        28.00        20.00
566...........................................        28.00        20.00
567...........................................        28.00        15.81
568...........................................        28.00        10.00
569...........................................        26.53        10.00
570...........................................        26.00        10.00
571...........................................        23.71       -10.00
572...........................................        17.59       -10.00
573...........................................        11.65       -10.00
574...........................................         1.92       -10.00
575...........................................         0.0          0.0
576...........................................         0.0          0.0
577...........................................         0.0          0.0
578...........................................         0.0          0.0
579...........................................         0.0          0.0
580...........................................         0.0          0.0
581...........................................         0.0          0.0
582...........................................         0.0          0.0
583...........................................         1.26        25.19
584...........................................         6.72        47.87
585...........................................        13.67        40.56
586...........................................        16.20        80.00
587...........................................        18.52        80.00
588...........................................        25.83        75.83
589...........................................        35.15        70.00
590...........................................        38.93        77.31
591...........................................        41.78        80.00
592...........................................        40.00        10.00
593...........................................        40.00        20.18
594...........................................        40.00        52.78
595...........................................        40.00        34.82
596...........................................        40.00        30.00
597...........................................        40.00        38.33
598...........................................        40.00        30.09
599...........................................        38.30       100.00
600...........................................        40.61       100.00
601...........................................        42.00       100.00
602...........................................        42.00       100.00
603...........................................        42.00       100.00
604...........................................        42.00       100.00
605...........................................        42.00       100.00
606...........................................        42.50        97.50
607...........................................        43.19        85.93
608...........................................        43.13        85.65
609...........................................        44.00        90.00
610...........................................        44.00        90.00
611...........................................        44.00        80.00
612...........................................        44.00        80.00
613...........................................        44.70        80.00
614...........................................        46.00        74.91
615...........................................        46.00        63.34
616...........................................        46.00        60.00
617...........................................        46.00        60.00
618...........................................        44.00        10.00
619...........................................        44.00        10.00
620...........................................        43.09        10.00
621...........................................        42.00        10.00
622...........................................        42.00        10.00
623...........................................        43.85        19.26
624...........................................        50.00        90.00
625...........................................        50.00        90.00
626...........................................        50.00        90.00
627...........................................        50.00        90.00
628...........................................        50.00        90.00
629...........................................        48.26        90.00
630...........................................        48.00        89.73
631...........................................        48.37        80.00
632...........................................        49.32        80.00
633...........................................        48.00        80.00
634...........................................        48.00        80.00
635...........................................        48.00        80.00
636...........................................        48.00        70.28
637...........................................        48.00        70.00
638...........................................        48.00        70.00
639...........................................        48.00        74.44
640...........................................        48.00        61.96
641...........................................        49.52        50.00
642...........................................        50.00        50.00
643...........................................        50.00        40.00
644...........................................        50.00        44.62
645...........................................        50.78        60.00
646...........................................        52.00        49.09
647...........................................        52.00        40.00
648...........................................        52.00        40.00
649...........................................        52.04        40.89
650...........................................        54.00        90.00
651...........................................        54.00        90.00
652...........................................        54.00        85.10
653...........................................        55.29        73.53
654...........................................        56.00        70.00
655...........................................        56.00        70.00
656...........................................        56.00        60.00
657...........................................        56.00        57.23
658...........................................        56.00        50.00
659...........................................        56.00        38.17
660...........................................        56.00        30.00
661...........................................        56.00        30.00
662...........................................        54.00        39.36
663...........................................        54.00        27.79
664...........................................        54.00        20.00
665...........................................        54.00        20.00
666...........................................        54.00        20.00
667...........................................        54.00        11.49
668...........................................        54.00         0.08
669...........................................        54.00        13.31
670...........................................        54.00        30.00
671...........................................        54.96        30.00
672...........................................        57.28        30.00
673...........................................        56.41        30.00
674...........................................        57.91        30.00
675...........................................        58.22        36.60
676...........................................        60.00        90.00
677...........................................        60.00        90.00
678...........................................        60.00        95.82
679...........................................        60.00        92.60
680...........................................        60.00        90.00
681...........................................        60.00        90.00
682...........................................        60.42        90.00
683...........................................        62.74        90.00
684...........................................        65.05        90.00
685...........................................        66.00        83.16
686...........................................        66.00        71.59
687...........................................        66.00        70.00
688...........................................        66.00        70.00
689...........................................        66.00        73.14
690...........................................        66.00        80.00
691...........................................        66.00        86.28
692...........................................        66.00        90.00
693...........................................        66.00        90.00
694...........................................        68.20       100.00

[[Page 1185]]

 
695...........................................        70.00       100.00
696...........................................        70.00       100.00
697...........................................        70.00       100.00
698...........................................        74.38       100.00
699...........................................        76.00       100.00
700...........................................        72.09       100.00
701...........................................        73.60       100.00
702...........................................        72.00       100.00
703...........................................        72.00       100.00
704...........................................        72.00       100.00
705...........................................        72.00       100.00
706...........................................        72.00       100.00
707...........................................        72.29       100.00
708...........................................        73.39       100.00
709...........................................        72.92       100.00
710...........................................        74.00       100.00
711...........................................        74.00       100.00
712...........................................        77.73       100.00
713...........................................        78.00       100.00
714...........................................        77.50       100.00
715...........................................        76.00       100.00
716...........................................        76.00       100.00
717...........................................        76.00       100.00
718...........................................        72.49       100.00
719...........................................        71.79       100.00
720...........................................        67.16       100.00
721...........................................        72.70       100.00
722...........................................        75.02       100.00
723...........................................        73.34       100.00
724...........................................        73.64        91.78
725...........................................        74.00        31.21
726...........................................        78.27        28.63
727...........................................        80.00        17.05
728...........................................        80.00         5.48
729...........................................        80.00       -10.00
730...........................................        80.00       -10.00
731...........................................        80.00        63.93
732...........................................        84.00        80.00
733...........................................        85.43        82.39
734...........................................        87.62        93.96
735...........................................        84.00       100.00
736...........................................        84.00       100.00
737...........................................        84.00        91.32
738...........................................        86.00       100.00
739...........................................        86.73       100.00
740...........................................        90.00        96.59
741...........................................        91.99        90.00
742...........................................        94.00        90.00
743...........................................        95.63        81.87
744...........................................        96.00        89.70
745...........................................       100.00        98.72
746...........................................       100.57        78.60
747...........................................       102.88        50.00
748...........................................       104.00        73.99
749...........................................       104.00        90.00
750...........................................       104.00        25.98
751...........................................       103.71        20.00
752...........................................        99.54        20.00
753...........................................        98.00        20.00
754...........................................        99.09        25.44
755...........................................        98.60        65.08
756...........................................       103.15        80.00
757...........................................       100.03        80.00
758...........................................       102.35        80.00
759...........................................       104.00        73.38
760...........................................       104.00        55.11
761...........................................       101.42        30.62
762...........................................        98.39        11.97
763...........................................        57.65       -10.00
764...........................................        58.00       -10.00
765...........................................        57.45       -10.00
766...........................................        56.00       -10.00
767...........................................        56.00       -10.00
768...........................................        56.00        27.39
769...........................................        56.00        40.00
770...........................................        56.00        50.00
771...........................................        56.00        45.60
772...........................................        56.00        33.77
773...........................................        56.00        40.00
774...........................................        60.15         5.40
775...........................................        62.00       -10.00
776...........................................        62.00       -10.00
777...........................................        62.00        41.64
778...........................................        62.00        59.65
779...........................................        62.00        75.21
780...........................................        62.00        76.36
781...........................................        62.00        80.00
782...........................................        62.00        80.00
783...........................................        62.00        80.00
784...........................................        62.00        80.00
785...........................................        61.15        80.00
786...........................................        60.00        80.00
787...........................................        60.00        87.38
788...........................................        60.00        90.00
789...........................................        60.00        90.00
790...........................................        60.00        90.00
791...........................................        60.00        90.00
792...........................................        60.00        90.00
793...........................................        60.00        83.17
794...........................................        60.00        80.00
795...........................................        60.00        89.97
796...........................................        62.31        90.00
797...........................................        64.00        86.88
798...........................................        64.00        80.00
799...........................................        64.00        80.00
800...........................................        64.00        80.00
801...........................................        64.00        80.00
802...........................................        66.00        70.00
803...........................................        66.51        70.00
804...........................................        68.00        65.87
805...........................................        68.00        60.00
806...........................................        68.00        60.00
807...........................................        73.31        86.55
808...........................................        74.00        90.00
809...........................................        74.00        90.00
810...........................................        73.29        90.00
811...........................................        72.00        84.86
812...........................................        73.34        73.29
813...........................................        74.00        70.00
814...........................................        72.03        70.00
815...........................................        71.71        50.00
816...........................................        70.00        50.00
817...........................................        70.00        50.00
818...........................................        68.77        56.15
819...........................................        68.00        60.00
820...........................................        68.00        60.00
821...........................................        68.00        58.28
822...........................................        68.00        40.00
823...........................................        68.00        48.01
824...........................................        68.00        60.00
825...........................................        68.00        60.00
826...........................................        68.00        60.00
827...........................................        68.00        60.00
828...........................................        68.00        61.87
829...........................................        68.00        70.00
830...........................................        69.00        70.00
831...........................................        70.00        70.00
832...........................................        70.00        70.00
833...........................................        70.00        70.00
834...........................................        70.00        70.00
835...........................................        70.00        70.00
836...........................................        70.00        70.00

[[Page 1186]]

 
837...........................................        73.61        70.00
838...........................................        76.00        62.41
839...........................................        76.00        60.00
840...........................................        76.00       100.00
841...........................................        76.92       100.00
842...........................................        80.78       100.00
843...........................................        82.00       100.00
844...........................................        83.40       100.00
845...........................................        84.00       100.00
846...........................................        83.97        90.00
847...........................................        82.35        90.00
848...........................................        85.33        93.31
849...........................................        89.95       100.00
850...........................................        88.13       100.00
851...........................................        89.21       100.00
852...........................................        95.76       100.00
853...........................................       100.23       100.00
854...........................................       102.00       100.00
855...........................................       104.59       100.00
856...........................................       112.71       100.00
857...........................................       113.01       100.00
858...........................................       112.00       100.00
859...........................................       104.00       -10.00
860...........................................       103.56       -10.00
861...........................................       102.75       -10.00
862...........................................       102.94       -10.00
863...........................................        99.24       -10.00
864...........................................        94.61       -10.00
865...........................................        93.99       -10.00
866...........................................        92.32       -10.00
867...........................................        93.36       -10.00
868...........................................        92.00       -10.00
869...........................................        90.73       -10.00
870...........................................        88.42       -10.00
871...........................................        84.21       -10.00
872...........................................        82.00        10.00
873...........................................        82.00         7.38
874...........................................        82.00       -10.00
875...........................................        82.00       -10.00
876...........................................        68.79        48.69
877...........................................        64.00        70.00
878...........................................        64.00        70.00
879...........................................        58.66        67.95
880...........................................        37.27        60.00
881...........................................        34.96        60.00
882...........................................        32.65        73.54
883...........................................        30.33        80.00
884...........................................        28.02        80.00
885...........................................        25.70        50.00
886...........................................        23.39        37.76
887...........................................        21.07        10.00
888...........................................        18.76        10.00
889...........................................        14.89       -10.00
890...........................................        12.13       -10.00
891...........................................         5.45       -10.00
892...........................................         0.0          0.0
893...........................................         0.0          0.0
894...........................................         0.0          0.0
895...........................................         0.0          0.0
896...........................................         0.0          0.0
897...........................................         0.0          0.0
898...........................................         0.0          0.0
899...........................................         0.0          0.0
900...........................................         0.0          0.0
901...........................................         0.0          0.0
902...........................................         0.0          0.0
903...........................................         0.0          0.0
904...........................................         0.0          0.0
905...........................................         0.0          0.0
906...........................................         0.0          0.0
907...........................................         0.0          0.0
908...........................................         0.0          0.0
909...........................................         0.0          0.0
910...........................................         0.0          0.0
911...........................................         0.0          0.0
912...........................................         0.0          0.0
913...........................................         0.0          0.0
914...........................................         0.0          0.0
915...........................................         0.0          0.0
916...........................................         0.0          0.0
917...........................................         0.0          0.0
918...........................................         0.0          0.0
919...........................................         0.0          0.0
920...........................................        -1.78        44.40
921...........................................         0.0         85.35
922...........................................         4.25       100.00
923...........................................        27.47       100.00
924...........................................        42.96       100.00
925...........................................        45.79       100.00
926...........................................        48.11        99.46
927...........................................        50.42        90.00
928...........................................        52.74        75.23
929...........................................        54.00        50.00
930...........................................        44.42         8.96
931...........................................        45.05       -10.00
932...........................................        46.00         9.99
933...........................................        37.69       -10.00
934...........................................        31.61         5.68
935...........................................        22.94        35.29
936...........................................        24.00         4.87
937...........................................        20.86       -10.00
938...........................................        12.45       -10.00
939...........................................         6.00       -10.00
940...........................................         6.52       -10.00
941...........................................         7.17       -10.00
942...........................................         2.56       -10.00
943...........................................         0.0          0.0
944...........................................         0.0          0.0
945...........................................         0.0          0.0
946...........................................         0.0         10.11
947...........................................         4.32        46.40
948...........................................         8.90        45.17
949...........................................         1.95        50.00
950...........................................         3.33        41.68
951...........................................         4.00        89.46
952...........................................        13.76        55.60
953...........................................        26.43        26.96
954...........................................        33.85         6.16
955...........................................        36.00       -10.00
956...........................................        34.45       -10.00
957...........................................        34.00       -10.00
958...........................................        35.64       -10.00
959...........................................        32.99        27.39
960...........................................        36.00        80.00
961...........................................        41.63        74.37
962...........................................        60.41        26.76
963...........................................        48.44       -10.00
964...........................................        43.86       -10.00
965...........................................        40.39       -10.00
966...........................................        38.50         4.01
967...........................................        35.05        30.00
968...........................................        40.66        16.70
969...........................................        43.64        26.45
970...........................................        45.96       -10.00
971...........................................        47.10       -10.00
972...........................................        49.29       -10.00
973...........................................        37.10       -10.00
974...........................................        36.00       -10.00
975...........................................        34.47       -10.00
976...........................................        32.15       -10.00
977...........................................        31.67       -10.00
978...........................................        28.48        13.89

[[Page 1187]]

 
979...........................................        32.38        90.00
980...........................................        36.00        90.00
981...........................................        41.69        90.00
982...........................................        45.74        90.00
983...........................................        49.95        80.00
984...........................................        49.10        80.00
985...........................................        50.59        62.97
986...........................................        45.99        34.98
987...........................................        42.76         7.23
988...........................................        35.12       -10.00
989...........................................        32.06        67.92
990...........................................        35.53        62.55
991...........................................        46.57        68.60
992...........................................        49.77        48.85
993...........................................        52.00        60.00
994...........................................        58.06        60.00
995...........................................        63.66        23.42
996...........................................        64.14        17.84
997...........................................        59.58         3.76
998...........................................        38.00        42.26
999...........................................        39.09        30.00
1,000.........................................        40.00        30.00
1,001.........................................        34.85        47.18
1,002.........................................        32.03        10.33
1,003.........................................        34.00        33.48
1,004.........................................        34.00        50.00
1,005.........................................        33.02        20.69
1,006.........................................        25.54       -10.00
1,007.........................................        15.57       -10.00
1,008.........................................        14.00       -10.00
1,009.........................................        14.47        27.64
1,010.........................................        18.00         4.49
1,011.........................................        17.13       -10.00
1,012.........................................        16.00       -10.00
1,013.........................................        10.02       -10.00
1,014.........................................         9.81       -10.00
1,015.........................................         5.88       -10.00
1,016.........................................         4.00       -10.00
1,017.........................................         4.00       -10.00
1,018.........................................         2.93       -10.00
1,019.........................................         0.62       -10.00
1,020.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,021.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,022.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,023.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,024.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,025.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,026.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,027.........................................         0.0         29.02
1,028.........................................         0.0         27.83
1,029.........................................         0.0          7.34
1,030.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,031.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,032.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,033.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,034.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,035.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,036.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,037.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,038.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,039.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,040.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,041.........................................         2.00         0.0
1,042.........................................         1.38         0.0
1,043.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,044.........................................         0.0          6.27
1,045.........................................         0.0          2.16
1,046.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,047.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,048.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,049.........................................         0.83       -10.00
1,050.........................................         2.00       -10.00
1,051.........................................         0.54       -10.00
1,052.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,053.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,054.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,055.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,056.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,057.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,058.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,059.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,060.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,061.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,062.........................................         0.0         22.01
1,063.........................................         1.23        72.29
1,064.........................................         6.63        80.00
1,065.........................................        17.29        89.29
1,066.........................................        22.17        90.00
1,067.........................................        24.00        82.70
1,068.........................................        24.00        31.96
1,069.........................................        24.00       -10.00
1,070.........................................        22.57       -10.00
1,071.........................................        22.00       -10.00
1,072.........................................        13.88       -10.00
1,073.........................................        10.00       -10.00
1,074.........................................         9.31       -10.00
1,075.........................................         3.99       -10.00
1,076.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,077.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,078.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,079.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,080.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,081.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,082.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,083.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,084.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,085.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,086.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,087.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,088.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,089.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,090.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,091.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,092.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,093.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,094.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,095.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,096.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,097.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,098.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,099.........................................        -2.52         6.30
1,100.........................................        -4.22        15.28
1,101.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,102.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,103.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,104.........................................         0.0         75.93
1,105.........................................         0.0         32.22
1,106.........................................         1.67        35.00
1,107.........................................        15.48        29.82
1,108.........................................        25.46       -10.00
1,109.........................................        24.22       -10.00
1,110.........................................        23.44       -10.00
1,111.........................................        12.41        80.00
1,112.........................................         8.94        83.61
1,113.........................................         7.26        84.82
1,114.........................................        16.70        80.00
1,115.........................................        24.67        63.33
1,116.........................................         0.24        79.81
1,117.........................................         0.0          8.52
1,118.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,119.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,120.........................................         0.0          0.0

[[Page 1188]]

 
1,121.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,122.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,123.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,124.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,125.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,126.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,127.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,128.........................................         0.0         17.59
1,129.........................................         0.0         19.63
1,130.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,131.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,132.........................................         0.0         10.00
1,133.........................................         0.0          3.34
1,134.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,135.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,136.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,137.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,138.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,139.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,140.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,141.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,142.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,143.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,144.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,145.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,146.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,147.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,148.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,149.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,150.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,151.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,152.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,153.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,154.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,155.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,156.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,157.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,158.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,159.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,160.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,161.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,162.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,163.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,164.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,165.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,166.........................................         0.0          0.0
1,167.........................................         0.0          0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (g) EPA US06 Driving Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty 
Trucks.

                        EPA US06 Driving Schedule
                      [Speed versus Time Sequence]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Speed
                           Time (sec)                             (mph)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0..............................................................      0.0
1..............................................................      0.0
2..............................................................      0.0
3..............................................................      0.0
4..............................................................      0.0
5..............................................................      0.0
6..............................................................      0.2
7..............................................................      0.7
8..............................................................      1.1
9..............................................................      1.7
10.............................................................      6.0
11.............................................................     13.9
12.............................................................     20.5
13.............................................................     25.7
14.............................................................     25.0
15.............................................................     28.4
16.............................................................     32.3
17.............................................................     34.6
18.............................................................     36.5
19.............................................................     38.4
20.............................................................     39.9
21.............................................................     42.2
22.............................................................     43.8
23.............................................................     44.2
24.............................................................     43.4
25.............................................................     42.6
26.............................................................     40.3
27.............................................................     39.2
28.............................................................     38.4
29.............................................................     38.4
30.............................................................     39.2
31.............................................................     38.8
32.............................................................     38.8
33.............................................................     36.5
34.............................................................     32.3
35.............................................................     27.6
36.............................................................     22.3
37.............................................................     17.3
38.............................................................     11.5
39.............................................................      5.8
40.............................................................      1.2
41.............................................................      0.0
42.............................................................      0.0
43.............................................................      0.0
44.............................................................      0.0
45.............................................................      0.0
46.............................................................      0.0
47.............................................................      0.0
48.............................................................      0.0
49.............................................................      0.8
50.............................................................      9.2
51.............................................................     14.9
52.............................................................     18.2
53.............................................................     22.2
54.............................................................     27.2
55.............................................................     31.4
56.............................................................     33.8
57.............................................................     37.2
58.............................................................     40.8
59.............................................................     44.0
60.............................................................     46.3
61.............................................................     47.6
62.............................................................     49.5
63.............................................................     51.2
64.............................................................     53.0
65.............................................................     54.4
66.............................................................     55.6
67.............................................................     56.4
68.............................................................     56.1
69.............................................................     56.2
70.............................................................     55.8
71.............................................................     55.1
72.............................................................     54.4
73.............................................................     54.2
74.............................................................     54.4
75.............................................................     54.2
76.............................................................     53.5
77.............................................................     52.3
78.............................................................     52.0
79.............................................................     51.9
80.............................................................     51.8
81.............................................................     51.9
82.............................................................     52.0

[[Page 1189]]

 
83.............................................................     52.5
84.............................................................     53.4
85.............................................................     54.9
86.............................................................     56.8
87.............................................................     58.8
88.............................................................     60.6
89.............................................................     62.3
90.............................................................     64.2
91.............................................................     66.2
92.............................................................     67.8
93.............................................................     69.4
94.............................................................     70.4
95.............................................................     70.6
96.............................................................     70.7
97.............................................................     70.3
98.............................................................     68.2
99.............................................................     66.5
100............................................................     64.9
101............................................................     63.7
102............................................................     62.5
103............................................................     61.0
104............................................................     59.3
105............................................................     57.7
106............................................................     56.0
107............................................................     54.5
108............................................................     52.8
109............................................................     51.2
110............................................................     49.5
111............................................................     48.0
112............................................................     46.3
113............................................................     44.0
114............................................................     41.1
115............................................................     38.8
116............................................................     37.7
117............................................................     36.6
118............................................................     35.3
119............................................................     30.0
120............................................................     24.4
121............................................................     19.8
122............................................................     15.5
123............................................................     10.8
124............................................................      6.3
125............................................................      3.2
126............................................................      2.1
127............................................................      1.2
128............................................................      0.0
129............................................................      0.0
130............................................................      0.0
131............................................................      0.0
132............................................................      0.0
133............................................................      0.0
134............................................................      0.0
135............................................................      0.0
136............................................................      2.7
137............................................................      9.2
138............................................................     16.1
139............................................................     22.7
140............................................................     29.2
141............................................................     34.2
142............................................................     38.8
143............................................................     43.0
144............................................................     45.3
145............................................................     46.8
146............................................................     48.0
147............................................................     49.5
148............................................................     50.3
149............................................................     51.5
150............................................................     52.2
151............................................................     52.6
152............................................................     53.0
153............................................................     53.8
154............................................................     53.8
155............................................................     53.8
156............................................................     54.6
157............................................................     56.3
158............................................................     56.9
159............................................................     58.1
160............................................................     58.4
161............................................................     59.6
162............................................................     59.9
163............................................................     60.2
164............................................................     60.5
165............................................................     59.7
166............................................................     58.3
167............................................................     58.1
168............................................................     57.8
169............................................................     57.3
170............................................................     57.5
171............................................................     56.6
172............................................................     57.0
173............................................................     56.6
174............................................................     56.5
175............................................................     56.2
176............................................................     56.4
177............................................................     56.6
178............................................................     56.4
179............................................................     56.1
180............................................................     56.0
181............................................................     55.9
182............................................................     54.8
183............................................................     54.2
184............................................................     54.6
185............................................................     52.2
186............................................................     54.7
187............................................................     55.7
188............................................................     57.0
189............................................................     58.0
190............................................................     58.1
191............................................................     59.4
192............................................................     59.9
193............................................................     61.0
194............................................................     61.4
195............................................................     61.9
196............................................................     62.5
197............................................................     62.5
198............................................................     62.7
199............................................................     62.2
200............................................................     62.5
201............................................................     63.1
202............................................................     62.7
203............................................................     62.8
204............................................................     63.0
205............................................................     64.1
206............................................................     63.9
207............................................................     64.1
208............................................................     64.3
209............................................................     64.5
210............................................................     64.9
211............................................................     65.3
212............................................................     66.0
213............................................................     66.0
214............................................................     66.4
215............................................................     64.1
216............................................................     63.6
217............................................................     63.9
218............................................................     64.1
219............................................................     63.7
220............................................................     64.3
221............................................................     64.2
222............................................................     63.9

[[Page 1190]]

 
223............................................................     64.2
224............................................................     63.4
225............................................................     64.0
226............................................................     63.9
227............................................................     64.0
228............................................................     63.8
229............................................................     64.0
230............................................................     63.3
231............................................................     63.4
232............................................................     63.9
233............................................................     64.0
234............................................................     64.3
235............................................................     64.8
236............................................................     65.1
237............................................................     64.0
238............................................................     64.2
239............................................................     63.1
240............................................................     63.7
241............................................................     63.1
242............................................................     63.7
243............................................................     63.5
244............................................................     63.0
245............................................................     63.1
246............................................................     63.0
247............................................................     63.3
248............................................................     63.4
249............................................................     63.3
250............................................................     62.5
251............................................................     62.5
252............................................................     62.9
253............................................................     62.8
254............................................................     62.2
255............................................................     62.4
256............................................................     62.3
257............................................................     62.3
258............................................................     62.4
259............................................................     62.1
260............................................................     62.5
261............................................................     62.8
262............................................................     62.3
263............................................................     62.3
264............................................................     62.4
265............................................................     61.9
266............................................................     62.8
267............................................................     62.8
268............................................................     62.3
269............................................................     62.8
270............................................................     62.4
271............................................................     62.1
272............................................................     61.9
273............................................................     61.8
274............................................................     62.1
275............................................................     62.1
276............................................................     62.1
277............................................................     62.0
278............................................................     62.4
279............................................................     62.2
280............................................................     62.2
281............................................................     62.4
282............................................................     62.7
283............................................................     62.6
284............................................................     63.7
285............................................................     64.3
286............................................................     64.8
287............................................................     65.1
288............................................................     65.9
289............................................................     66.1
290............................................................     67.0
291............................................................     67.2
292............................................................     67.5
293............................................................     68.3
294............................................................     68.3
295............................................................     68.8
296............................................................     69.1
297............................................................     69.4
298............................................................     71.7
299............................................................     72.1
300............................................................     74.9
301............................................................     72.6
302............................................................     72.2
303............................................................     72.2
304............................................................     72.0
305............................................................     72.5
306............................................................     72.8
307............................................................     72.7
308............................................................     71.8
309............................................................     71.4
310............................................................     71.1
311............................................................     71.1
312............................................................     70.9
313............................................................     71.0
314............................................................     71.0
315............................................................     71.2
316............................................................     72.1
317............................................................     72.6
318............................................................     73.6
319............................................................     74.8
320............................................................     75.7
321............................................................     77.3
322............................................................     78.4
323............................................................     79.3
324............................................................     78.2
325............................................................     76.0
326............................................................     75.6
327............................................................     76.4
328............................................................     77.6
329............................................................     78.0
330............................................................     79.1
331............................................................     79.5
332............................................................     79.9
333............................................................     79.9
334............................................................     80.3
335............................................................     80.3
336............................................................     79.5
337............................................................     79.5
338............................................................     79.1
339............................................................     78.7
340............................................................     77.6
341............................................................     76.5
342............................................................     74.3
343............................................................     72.6
344............................................................     70.8
345............................................................     67.6
346............................................................     66.4
347............................................................     66.7
348............................................................     66.1
349............................................................     65.9
350............................................................     66.2
351............................................................     66.1
352............................................................     67.1
353............................................................     67.4
354............................................................     68.3
355............................................................     68.3
356............................................................     68.7
357............................................................     68.2
358............................................................     68.1
359............................................................     68.0
360............................................................     67.1
361............................................................     66.4
362............................................................     66.1

[[Page 1191]]

 
363............................................................     65.7
364............................................................     66.0
365............................................................     66.4
366............................................................     66.0
367............................................................     66.3
368............................................................     67.0
369............................................................     67.5
370............................................................     67.9
371............................................................     68.1
372............................................................     68.5
373............................................................     68.9
374............................................................     68.6
375............................................................     69.4
376............................................................     69.4
377............................................................     69.4
378............................................................     70.0
379............................................................     70.4
380............................................................     70.6
381............................................................     70.9
382............................................................     70.3
383............................................................     70.6
384............................................................     70.3
385............................................................     69.7
386............................................................     69.9
387............................................................     70.1
388............................................................     69.6
389............................................................     69.3
390............................................................     69.9
391............................................................     69.7
392............................................................     69.5
393............................................................     69.9
394............................................................     70.2
395............................................................     70.2
396............................................................     70.2
397............................................................     71.0
398............................................................     70.8
399............................................................     70.9
400............................................................     70.7
401............................................................     70.9
402............................................................     71.2
403............................................................     71.3
404............................................................     70.8
405............................................................     71.2
406............................................................     71.7
407............................................................     71.9
408............................................................     72.6
409............................................................     72.3
410............................................................     72.3
411............................................................     72.1
412............................................................     72.0
413............................................................     71.9
414............................................................     72.6
415............................................................     72.8
416............................................................     73.2
417............................................................     72.1
418............................................................     71.5
419............................................................     70.9
420............................................................     70.4
421............................................................     70.5
422............................................................     70.9
423............................................................     70.2
424............................................................     71.0
425............................................................     70.2
426............................................................     70.3
427............................................................     69.1
428............................................................     68.8
429............................................................     68.2
430............................................................     68.3
431............................................................     68.2
432............................................................     67.7
433............................................................     67.3
434............................................................     67.5
435............................................................     67.6
436............................................................     67.6
437............................................................     67.2
438............................................................     67.0
439............................................................     66.3
440............................................................     66.6
441............................................................     66.2
442............................................................     66.4
443............................................................     65.9
444............................................................     66.1
445............................................................     65.5
446............................................................     62.2
447............................................................     62.2
448............................................................     61.4
449............................................................     61.1
450............................................................     61.4
451............................................................     61.1
452............................................................     61.4
453............................................................     61.4
454............................................................     61.8
455............................................................     61.8
456............................................................     61.8
457............................................................     61.8
458............................................................     62.2
459............................................................     61.8
460............................................................     62.2
461............................................................     62.6
462............................................................     62.2
463............................................................     62.6
464............................................................     62.2
465............................................................     62.6
466............................................................     62.6
467............................................................     63.0
468............................................................     62.6
469............................................................     62.2
470............................................................     61.1
471............................................................     59.5
472............................................................     58.8
473............................................................     56.8
474............................................................     55.7
475............................................................     54.1
476............................................................     51.5
477............................................................     49.2
478............................................................     48.8
479............................................................     47.6
480............................................................     44.9
481............................................................     41.5
482............................................................     37.2
483............................................................     34.6
484............................................................     33.0
485............................................................     29.2
486............................................................     22.3
487............................................................     17.7
488............................................................     17.3
489............................................................     14.0
490............................................................     10.0
491............................................................      6.0
492............................................................      2.0
493............................................................      0.0
494............................................................      0.0
495............................................................      0.0
496............................................................      0.0
497............................................................      0.0
498............................................................      0.0
499............................................................      0.0
500............................................................      0.0
501............................................................      0.2
502............................................................      4.4

[[Page 1192]]

 
503............................................................     10.1
504............................................................     15.6
505............................................................     20.8
506............................................................     25.1
507............................................................     27.7
508............................................................     28.2
509............................................................     26.8
510............................................................     24.8
511............................................................     22.4
512............................................................     17.1
513............................................................     11.3
514............................................................      6.9
515............................................................      7.5
516............................................................     11.1
517............................................................     15.4
518............................................................     19.9
519............................................................     24.2
520............................................................     27.1
521............................................................     28.5
522............................................................     28.2
523............................................................     25.6
524............................................................     21.7
525............................................................     17.3
526............................................................     12.1
527............................................................      7.5
528............................................................      5.8
529............................................................      2.4
530............................................................      1.2
531............................................................      1.9
532............................................................      6.7
533............................................................     11.8
534............................................................     16.8
535............................................................     21.7
536............................................................     25.9
537............................................................     27.7
538............................................................     28.0
539............................................................     27.1
540............................................................     24.4
541............................................................     20.2
542............................................................     15.2
543............................................................      9.3
544............................................................      5.0
545............................................................      2.9
546............................................................      2.4
547............................................................      8.4
548............................................................     13.5
549............................................................     17.8
550............................................................     22.2
551............................................................     26.2
552............................................................     30.0
553............................................................     29.8
554............................................................     26.0
555............................................................     21.3
556............................................................     16.2
557............................................................     11.4
558............................................................      6.6
559............................................................      2.6
560............................................................      0.0
561............................................................      0.0
562............................................................      0.0
563............................................................      0.0
564............................................................      0.0
565............................................................      0.0
566............................................................      0.0
567............................................................      0.0
568............................................................      0.3
569............................................................      6.4
570............................................................     12.7
571............................................................     19.2
572............................................................     23.8
573............................................................     28.2
574............................................................     34.9
575............................................................     37.5
576............................................................     40.3
577............................................................     45.0
578............................................................     49.9
579............................................................     51.6
580............................................................     51.2
581............................................................     50.6
582............................................................     49.9
583............................................................     47.8
584............................................................     44.6
585............................................................     41.2
586............................................................     37.8
587............................................................     33.4
588............................................................     28.0
589............................................................     23.7
590............................................................     18.8
591............................................................     12.9
592............................................................      6.2
593............................................................      2.2
594............................................................      0.0
595............................................................      0.0
596............................................................      0.0
597............................................................      0.0
598............................................................      0.0
599............................................................      0.0
600............................................................      0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (h) EPA SC03 Driving Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty 
Trucks.

                        EPA SC03 Driving Schedule
                      [Speed versus Time Sequence]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Speed
                           Time (sec)                             (mph)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0..............................................................      0.0
1..............................................................      0.0
2..............................................................      0.0
3..............................................................      0.0
4..............................................................      0.0
5..............................................................      0.0
6..............................................................      0.0
7..............................................................      0.0
8..............................................................      0.0
9..............................................................      0.0
10.............................................................      0.0
11.............................................................      0.0
12.............................................................      0.0
13.............................................................      0.0
14.............................................................      0.0
15.............................................................      0.0
16.............................................................      0.0
17.............................................................      0.0
18.............................................................      0.0
19.............................................................      0.9
20.............................................................      3.0
21.............................................................      2.9
22.............................................................      3.3
23.............................................................      3.5
24.............................................................      2.2
25.............................................................      1.4
26.............................................................      0.0
27.............................................................      0.0
28.............................................................      0.0
29.............................................................      0.0
30.............................................................      0.0

[[Page 1193]]

 
31.............................................................      0.0
32.............................................................      0.0
33.............................................................      0.4
34.............................................................      3.3
35.............................................................      6.0
36.............................................................      8.0
37.............................................................      8.7
38.............................................................     10.0
39.............................................................     12.4
40.............................................................     13.8
41.............................................................     14.7
42.............................................................     14.8
43.............................................................     16.6
44.............................................................     18.3
45.............................................................     19.0
46.............................................................     19.2
47.............................................................     19.3
48.............................................................     19.7
49.............................................................     20.5
50.............................................................     21.0
51.............................................................     21.2
52.............................................................     21.6
53.............................................................     22.2
54.............................................................     23.8
55.............................................................     24.6
56.............................................................     24.3
57.............................................................     23.3
58.............................................................     22.7
59.............................................................     21.4
60.............................................................     20.4
61.............................................................     19.5
62.............................................................     17.9
63.............................................................     15.6
64.............................................................     11.7
65.............................................................      7.8
66.............................................................      7.2
67.............................................................      9.3
68.............................................................     12.9
69.............................................................     15.8
70.............................................................     16.2
71.............................................................     16.9
72.............................................................     18.3
73.............................................................     20.3
74.............................................................     21.6
75.............................................................     22.4
76.............................................................     23.0
77.............................................................     22.8
78.............................................................     22.1
79.............................................................     21.2
80.............................................................     19.5
81.............................................................     17.1
82.............................................................     14.1
83.............................................................     10.5
84.............................................................      7.6
85.............................................................      7.5
86.............................................................     10.0
87.............................................................     13.1
88.............................................................     14.1
89.............................................................     16.4
90.............................................................     19.6
91.............................................................     22.4
92.............................................................     24.7
93.............................................................     26.1
94.............................................................     25.8
95.............................................................     26.6
96.............................................................     27.8
97.............................................................     28.5
98.............................................................     28.9
99.............................................................     29.3
100............................................................     29.5
101............................................................     29.4
102............................................................     29.4
103............................................................     29.8
104............................................................     30.3
105............................................................     30.6
106............................................................     30.5
107............................................................     30.5
108............................................................     30.1
109............................................................     29.3
110............................................................     28.4
111............................................................     27.6
112............................................................     26.8
113............................................................     25.5
114............................................................     23.7
115............................................................     21.7
116............................................................     19.3
117............................................................     16.7
118............................................................     14.4
119............................................................     11.5
120............................................................      7.9
121............................................................      6.6
122............................................................      9.4
123............................................................     12.4
124............................................................     14.8
125............................................................     16.1
126............................................................     19.3
127............................................................     22.6
128............................................................     25.5
129............................................................     26.4
130............................................................     26.7
131............................................................     27.8
132............................................................     29.4
133............................................................     31.1
134............................................................     32.5
135............................................................     33.6
136............................................................     34.6
137............................................................     35.4
138............................................................     36.1
139............................................................     37.0
140............................................................     37.7
141............................................................     38.1
142............................................................     38.3
143............................................................     38.1
144............................................................     37.8
145............................................................     36.6
146............................................................     34.8
147............................................................     33.2
148............................................................     32.4
149............................................................     32.3
150............................................................     32.3
151............................................................     32.4
152............................................................     32.4
153............................................................     32.4
154............................................................     32.5
155............................................................     33.3
156............................................................     34.4
157............................................................     35.5
158............................................................     36.6
159............................................................     37.4
160............................................................     38.0
161............................................................     38.4
162............................................................     38.5
163............................................................     38.6
164............................................................     38.4
165............................................................     38.2
166............................................................     37.5
167............................................................     36.9
168............................................................     36.3
169............................................................     34.8
170............................................................     33.0

[[Page 1194]]

 
171............................................................     31.4
172............................................................     30.7
173............................................................     30.3
174............................................................     30.0
175............................................................     29.3
176............................................................     27.4
177............................................................     25.1
178............................................................     21.8
179............................................................     17.2
180............................................................     12.5
181............................................................      8.1
182............................................................      4.5
183............................................................      2.0
184............................................................      1.0
185............................................................      0.6
186............................................................      0.0
187............................................................      0.0
188............................................................      0.0
189............................................................      0.0
190............................................................      0.0
191............................................................      0.0
192............................................................      0.0
193............................................................      0.0
194............................................................      0.0
195............................................................      0.0
196............................................................      0.0
197............................................................      0.0
198............................................................      0.0
199............................................................      0.0
200............................................................      0.0
201............................................................      0.0
202............................................................      0.0
203............................................................      0.0
204............................................................      0.0
205............................................................      1.0
206............................................................      0.5
207............................................................      2.6
208............................................................      7.7
209............................................................     12.3
210............................................................     15.8
211............................................................     17.3
212............................................................     19.4
213............................................................     23.3
214............................................................     27.2
215............................................................     31.0
216............................................................     33.6
217............................................................     34.2
218............................................................     35.8
219............................................................     37.3
220............................................................     38.3
221............................................................     39.2
222............................................................     40.1
223............................................................     40.9
224............................................................     41.0
225............................................................     40.4
226............................................................     39.7
227............................................................     39.1
228............................................................     38.1
229............................................................     36.7
230............................................................     35.9
231............................................................     35.9
232............................................................     35.7
233............................................................     34.9
234............................................................     33.9
235............................................................     32.6
236............................................................     31.9
237............................................................     31.1
238............................................................     30.6
239............................................................     30.3
240............................................................     30.1
241............................................................     29.9
242............................................................     29.8
243............................................................     29.8
244............................................................     29.8
245............................................................     29.8
246............................................................     29.7
247............................................................     29.7
248............................................................     29.6
249............................................................     28.4
250............................................................     25.8
251............................................................     22.8
252............................................................     19.0
253............................................................     14.0
254............................................................      8.6
255............................................................      4.1
256............................................................      1.3
257............................................................      0.0
258............................................................      0.0
259............................................................      0.0
260............................................................      0.0
261............................................................      0.0
262............................................................      0.0
263............................................................      0.0
264............................................................      0.0
265............................................................      0.0
266............................................................      0.0
267............................................................      0.0
268............................................................      0.0
269............................................................      0.0
270............................................................      0.0
271............................................................      0.0
272............................................................      0.0
273............................................................      0.0
274............................................................      0.0
275............................................................      0.0
276............................................................      0.0
277............................................................      0.0
278............................................................      0.0
279............................................................      0.0
280............................................................      0.0
281............................................................      0.1
282............................................................      4.5
283............................................................      9.1
284............................................................     13.6
285............................................................     18.2
286............................................................     22.6
287............................................................     26.2
288............................................................     29.3
289............................................................     32.1
290............................................................     34.5
291............................................................     36.8
292............................................................     38.4
293............................................................     40.0
294............................................................     41.2
295............................................................     41.9
296............................................................     42.2
297............................................................     42.7
298............................................................     43.0
299............................................................     43.3
300............................................................     43.5
301............................................................     43.7
302............................................................     44.3
303............................................................     45.4
304............................................................     45.9
305............................................................     46.8
306............................................................     47.6
307............................................................     48.2
308............................................................     48.6
309............................................................     48.7
310............................................................     48.6

[[Page 1195]]

 
311............................................................     49.0
312............................................................     49.8
313............................................................     50.5
314............................................................     51.2
315............................................................     52.1
316............................................................     52.7
317............................................................     53.4
318............................................................     52.4
319............................................................     54.5
320............................................................     54.8
321............................................................     54.8
322............................................................     54.7
323............................................................     54.3
324............................................................     54.0
325............................................................     53.8
326............................................................     53.5
327............................................................     53.3
328............................................................     52.9
329............................................................     52.6
330............................................................     52.0
331............................................................     51.6
332............................................................     51.0
333............................................................     50.3
334............................................................     49.3
335............................................................     48.1
336............................................................     46.5
337............................................................     43.6
338............................................................     40.7
339............................................................     37.2
340............................................................     34.4
341............................................................     31.4
342............................................................     28.6
343............................................................     24.2
344............................................................     18.1
345............................................................     12.3
346............................................................      8.1
347............................................................      4.8
348............................................................      2.6
349............................................................      2.1
350............................................................      0.0
351............................................................      0.0
352............................................................      0.0
353............................................................      0.0
354............................................................      0.0
355............................................................      0.0
356............................................................      0.0
357............................................................      0.0
358............................................................      0.0
359............................................................      0.0
360............................................................      0.0
361............................................................      0.0
362............................................................      0.0
363............................................................      0.0
364............................................................      0.0
365............................................................      0.0
366............................................................      0.0
367............................................................      0.0
368............................................................      0.0
369............................................................      0.0
370............................................................      0.0
371............................................................      4.3
372............................................................      9.1
373............................................................     13.2
374............................................................     16.3
375............................................................     19.1
376............................................................     20.9
377............................................................     22.7
378............................................................     24.8
379............................................................     26.9
380............................................................     28.8
381............................................................     30.0
382............................................................     30.4
383............................................................     30.6
384............................................................     30.9
385............................................................     31.1
386............................................................     30.8
387............................................................     31.1
388............................................................     31.5
389............................................................     32.4
390............................................................     33.1
391............................................................     33.3
392............................................................     33.4
393............................................................     33.7
394............................................................     34.1
395............................................................     34.7
396............................................................     35.0
397............................................................     35.4
398............................................................     35.8
399............................................................     36.0
400............................................................     36.2
401............................................................     36.3
402............................................................     36.4
403............................................................     36.5
404............................................................     36.9
405............................................................     37.2
406............................................................     37.3
407............................................................     37.8
408............................................................     38.2
409............................................................     38.6
410............................................................     38.8
411............................................................     38.6
412............................................................     38.9
413............................................................     39.0
414............................................................     38.8
415............................................................     38.6
416............................................................     38.1
417............................................................     37.6
418............................................................     37.6
419............................................................     37.3
420............................................................     37.0
421............................................................     36.6
422............................................................     36.2
423............................................................     36.0
424............................................................     36.0
425............................................................     35.5
426............................................................     34.5
427............................................................     33.0
428............................................................     31.0
429............................................................     27.5
430............................................................     22.6
431............................................................     20.0
432............................................................     19.0
433............................................................     19.4
434............................................................     19.2
435............................................................     20.6
436............................................................     22.9
437............................................................     24.6
438............................................................     25.5
439............................................................     26.9
440............................................................     27.3
441............................................................     28.2
442............................................................     29.6
443............................................................     30.2
444............................................................     30.7
445............................................................     31.3
446............................................................     31.7
447............................................................     32.2
448............................................................     32.5
449............................................................     33.0
450............................................................     33.2

[[Page 1196]]

 
451............................................................     33.3
452............................................................     33.1
453............................................................     32.7
454............................................................     32.3
455............................................................     31.9
456............................................................     31.5
457............................................................     31.2
458............................................................     30.8
459............................................................     30.5
460............................................................     30.2
461............................................................     29.9
462............................................................     30.2
463............................................................     30.6
464............................................................     30.9
465............................................................     31.2
466............................................................     31.8
467............................................................     32.4
468............................................................     32.5
469............................................................     32.3
470............................................................     32.3
471............................................................     32.8
472............................................................     32.9
473............................................................     32.8
474............................................................     32.8
475............................................................     33.3
476............................................................     33.4
477............................................................     32.9
478............................................................     32.9
479............................................................     32.8
480............................................................     32.9
481............................................................     32.8
482............................................................     32.8
483............................................................     32.4
484............................................................     31.6
485............................................................     30.6
486............................................................     30.3
487............................................................     30.3
488............................................................     29.8
489............................................................     29.3
490............................................................     28.9
491............................................................     28.8
492............................................................     29.3
493............................................................     30.0
494............................................................     30.2
495............................................................     30.4
496............................................................     30.7
497............................................................     30.8
498............................................................     29.8
499............................................................     28.7
500............................................................     28.9
501............................................................     29.2
502............................................................     29.4
503............................................................     28.6
504............................................................     27.0
505............................................................     27.2
506............................................................     26.6
507............................................................     23.2
508............................................................     21.2
509............................................................     21.2
510............................................................     20.8
511............................................................     17.9
512............................................................     13.2
513............................................................      9.5
514............................................................      6.4
515............................................................      4.1
516............................................................      2.5
517............................................................      0.0
518............................................................      0.0
519............................................................      0.0
520............................................................      0.0
521............................................................      0.0
522............................................................      0.0
523............................................................      0.0
524............................................................      0.0
525............................................................      0.0
526............................................................      0.0
527............................................................      0.0
528............................................................      0.0
529............................................................      0.0
530............................................................      0.0
531............................................................      0.0
532............................................................      0.0
533............................................................      0.0
534............................................................      0.0
535............................................................      0.0
536............................................................      0.0
537............................................................      0.6
538............................................................      3.3
539............................................................      5.9
540............................................................      8.9
541............................................................     10.2
542............................................................     10.4
543............................................................      9.9
544............................................................      9.9
545............................................................     10.5
546............................................................     11.3
547............................................................     12.4
548............................................................     12.8
549............................................................     14.0
550............................................................     14.6
551............................................................     15.5
552............................................................     17.0
553............................................................     17.5
554............................................................     18.1
555............................................................     18.4
556............................................................     18.5
557............................................................     18.2
558............................................................     18.5
559............................................................     18.3
560............................................................     18.2
561............................................................     17.9
562............................................................     17.7
563............................................................     17.7
564............................................................     17.3
565............................................................     17.4
566............................................................     16.8
567............................................................     17.5
568............................................................     17.7
569............................................................     17.5
570............................................................     17.6
571............................................................     17.3
572............................................................     17.4
573............................................................     17.6
574............................................................     17.6
575............................................................     17.9
576............................................................     18.0
577............................................................     17.8
578............................................................     17.7
579............................................................     17.5
580............................................................     17.7
581............................................................     17.7
582............................................................     18.1
583............................................................     18.4
584............................................................     19.2
585............................................................     18.9
586............................................................     18.0
587............................................................     15.6
588............................................................     13.3
589............................................................     10.0
590............................................................      7.7

[[Page 1197]]

 
591............................................................      5.8
592............................................................      3.7
593............................................................      2.4
594............................................................      0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[42 FR 32989, June 28, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52924, Nov. 14, 1978; 
45 FR 4214, Jan. 21, 1980; 48 FR 1465, Jan. 12, 1983; 48 FR 52239, Nov. 
16, 1983; 49 FR 48148, Dec. 10, 1984; 52 FR 47876, Dec. 16, 1987; 54 FR 
14612, Apr. 11, 1989; 58 FR 16067, Mar. 24, 1993; 61 FR 54901, Oct. 22, 
1996; 63 FR 23501, Apr. 29, 1998]

              Appendix II to Part 86--Temperature Schedules

    (a) Ambient temperature cycle for the diurnal emission portion of 
the evaporative emission test (see Sec. 86.133).

                Table I--Temperature Versus Time Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Use linear interpolation between hourly temperatures
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Temp. (                 Temp. (                  Temp. (
Time (min)    deg.F)    Time (min)    deg.F)    Time (min)     deg.F)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        0    72.0              60    72.5             120          75.5
      180    80.3             240    85.2             300          89.4
      360    93.1             420    95.1             480          95.8
      540    96.0             600    95.5             660          94.1
      720    91.7             780    88.6             840          85.5
      900    82.8             960    80.9            1020          79.0
     1080    77.2            1140    75.8            1200          74.7
     1260    73.9            1320    73.3            1380          72.6
     1440    72.0            1500    72.5            1560          75.5
     1620    80.3            1680    85.2            1740          89.4
     1800    93.1            1860    95.1            1920          95.8
     1980    96.0            2040    95.5            2100          94.1
     2160    91.7            2220    88.6            2280          85.5
     2340    82.8            2400    80.9            2460          79.0
     2520    77.2            2580    75.8            2640          74.7
     2700    73.9            2760    73.3            2820          72.6
     2880    72.0            2940    72.5            3000          75.5
     3060    80.3            3120    85.2            3180          89.4
     3240    93.1            3300    95.1            3360          95.8
     3420    96.0            3480    95.5            3540          94.1
     3600    91.7            3660    88.6            3720          85.5
     3780    82.8            3840    80.9            3900          79.0
     3960    77.2            4020    75.8            4080          74.7
     4140    73.9            4200    73.3            4260          72.6
     4320    72.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[58 FR 16070, Mar. 24, 1993]

    Appendix III to Part 86--Constant Volume Sampler Flow Calibration

    The following calibration procedure outlines the equipment, the test 
setup configuration, and the various parameters which must be measured 
to establish the flow rate of the constant volume sampler pump. All the 
parameters related to the pump are simultaneously measured with the 
parameters related to a flowmeter which is connected in series with the 
pump. The calculated flow rate (ft 3/rev@ pump inlet absolute 
pressure and temperature) can then be plotted versus a correlation 
function which is the value of a specific combination of pump 
parameters. The linear equation which relates the pump flow and the 
correlation function is then determined. In the event that a CVS has a 
multiple speed drive, a calibration for each range should be performed.
    This calibration procedure is based on the measurement of the 
absolute values of the pump and flowmeter parameters that relate the 
flow rate at each point. Three conditions must be maintained to assure 
the accuracy and integrity of the calibration curve. First, the pump 
pressures should be measured at taps on the pump rather than at the 
external piping on the pump inlet and outlet. Pressure taps that are 
mounted at the top and bottom center of the pump drive headplate are 
exposed to the actual pump cavity pressures, and therefore reflect the 
absolute

[[Page 1198]]

pressure differentials. Secondly, temperature stability must be 
maintained during the calibration. The laminar flowmeter is sensitive to 
inlet temperature oscillations which cause the data points to be 
scattered. Gradual changes (plus-minus 2  deg.F) in 
temperature are acceptable as long as they occur over a period of 
several minutes. Finally, all connections between the flowmeter and the 
CVS pump must be absolutely void of any leakage.
    During a CVS emissions test the measurement of these same pump 
parameters enables the user to calculate the flow rate from the 
calibration equation.
    After the calibration curve has been obtained, a verification test 
of the entire system can be performed by injecting a known mass of gas 
into the system and comparing the mass indicated by the system to the 
true mass injected. An indicated error does not necessarily mean that 
the calibration is wrong, since other factors can influence the accuracy 
of the system.

Equipment:

    The following list of equipment will be needed to perform this 
calibration procedure. Figure 1 illustrates a typical equipment 
arrangement used for calibration. All of the equipment involved should 
conform to the range and accuracy as specified in Figure 1.

Equipment List:

    1. LFE--Laminar Flowmeter
    2. Micromanometer
    3. Thermometer
    4. Timer
    5. U-Tube Manometers
    6. Temperature Indicator with type J Thermocouples
    7. A variable flow restrictor with appropriate piping to connect the 
CVS pump and LFE.
    After the system has been connected as shown in Figure 1, set the 
variable restrictor in the wide open position and run the CVS pump for 
twenty minutes. Record the calibration data.

                                          Calibration Data Measurements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Parameter                         Symbol                   Units                  Tolerance
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barometric pressure (corrected)......  PB.....................  ``Hg...................  plus-minus.01 ``Hg.
Ambient temperature..................  TA.....................    deg.F................  plus-minus.5  deg.F.
Air Temperature into LFE.............  ETI....................    deg.F................  plus-minus.1  deg.F.
Pressure depression upstream of LFE..  EPI....................  ``H20..................  plus-minus.1``H20.
Pressure drop across the LFE matrix..  EDP....................  ``H20..................  plus-minus.005``H20.
Air temperature at CVS pump inlet....  PTI....................    deg.F................  plus-minus.5  deg.F.
Pressure depression at CVS pump inlet  PPI....................  ``Fluid................  plus-minus.05``Fluid.
Specific gravity of manometer fluid..  Sp. Gr.................  .......................  .......................
Pressure head at CVS pump outlet.....  PPO....................  ``Fluid................  plus-minus.05``Fluid.
Air temperature at CVS pump outlet     PTO....................    deg.F................  plus-minus.5  deg.F.
 (optional).
Pump revolutions during test period..  N......................  Revs...................  None.
Elapsed time for test period.........  t......................  Seconds................  plus-minus.05 Seconds.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: The fluid level in the manometer tube should stabilize before the reading is made and the elapsed time for
  revolution counting should be greater than 120 seconds.

    Reset the restrictor valve to a more restricted condition in an 
increment of pump inlet depression (about 4" H2O) that will 
yield a minimum of six data points for the total calibration.
    Allow the system to stabilize for 3 minutes and repeat the data 
acquisition.

Data Analysis:

    The data recorded during the calibration are to be used in the 
following calculations.
    1. The air flow rate at each test point is calculated in standard 
cubic feet per minute (Qs) from the flowmeter data using the 
manufacturer's prescribed method.
    2. The air flow rate is then converted to pump flow, Vo, in cubic 
feet per revolution at absolute pump inlet temperature and pressure.

      Vo = Qs/n  x  Tp/530  x  29.92/Pp

where:
Qs=Meter air flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute (flowmeter 
standard conditions are 70  deg.F, 29.92 ``Hg).
n=Pump speed in revolutions per minute.
Pp=Absolute pump inlet pressure, in (``Hg).
Pp=PB-PPI (SP.GR./13.57), Tp = PTI + 
460.

    3. The correlation function at each test point is then calculated 
from the calibration data, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.139

Pp = The pressure differential from pump inlet to 
pump outlet in (``Hg).

             Pp = Pe-Pp

Pe=Absolute pump outlet pressure, in (``Hg).

[[Page 1199]]

           Pp = PB + PPO (Sp. Gr./13.57)

    See Sec. 86.177-22 for other definitions.
    4. A linear least squares fit is performed to generate the 
calibration equations which have the forms

             Vo = Do-M(Xo)

                         n = A-B( Pp)

    Do, M, A, and B are the slope-intercept constants describing the 
lines.
    A CVS system that has multiple speeds should be calibrated on each 
speed used. The calibration curves generated for the ranges will be 
approximately parallel and the intercept values, Do, will 
increase as the pump flow range decreases.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.196


[[Page 1200]]


    If the calibration has been performed carefully, the calculated 
Vo values from the equation will be within 
plus-minus.50% of the measured value of Vo. Values 
of M will vary from one pump to another, but values of Do for 
pumps of the same make, model, and range should agree within 
plus-minus3 percent of each other. Particulate influx from 
use will cause the pump slip to decrease as reflected by lower values 
for M. Calibrations should be performed at 0, 30, 100, 200, 400, etc. 
hours of pump operation to assure the stability of the pump slip rate. 
Analysis of mass injection data will also reflect pump slip stability.

CVS System Verification:

    The following technique can be used to verify that the CVS and 
analytical instruments can accurately measure a mass of gas that has 
been injected into the system.
    1. Obtain a small cylinder that has been charged with pure propane 
or carbon monoxide gas (caution--carbon monoxide is poisonous!). 
Critical flow orifice devices can also be used for constant flow 
metering.
    2. Determine a reference cylinder weight to the nearest 0.01 gram.
    3. Operate the CVS in the normal manner and release a quantity of 
pure propane or carbon monoxide into the system during the sampling 
period.
    4. The calculations of Sec. 86.177-22 are performed in a normal way 
except, in the case of propane, the density of propane (17.30 grams/cu./
ft./carbon atom) is used in place of the density of exhaust 
hydrocarbons. In the case of carbon monoxide, the density of 32.97 
grams/cu. ft. is used.
    5. The gravimetric mass is subtracted from the CVS measured mass and 
then divided by the gravimetric mass to determine the percent accuracy 
of the system.
    6. The cause for any discrepancy greater than plus-minus2 
percent should be found and corrected. The following list of parametric 
errors may assist the operator in locating the cause of large errors.
    Positive Error (Indication is higher than true value):
    1. Calculated Vo is greater than actual Vo.
    a. Original calibration in error.
    2. Pump inlet temperature recorder is reading low. A 6  deg.F. 
discrepancy will give a 1 percent error.
    3. Pump inlet pressure indicator is reading high. A 3.5 in. 
H2O high reading will give 1 percent error.
    4. Background concentration reading is too low. Check analyzer zero. 
Check leakage at floor inlet.
    5. Analyzer is reading high. Check span.
    6. Barometer reading is in error (too high). Barometric pressure 
reading should be gravity and temperature corrected.
    7. Revolution counter is reading high (Check pump speed and 
counters.)
    8. Mixture is stratified causing the sample to be higher than the 
average concentration in the mixture. Negative Error (Indication is 
lower than true value):
    1. Calculated Vo is less than actual Vo.
    a. Original calibration in error.
    b. Pump clearances decreased due to influx of some surface adherent 
material. Recalibration may be needed.
    2. Pump inlet temperature recorder is reading high.
    3. Pump inlet pressure indicator is reading low.
    4. Background concentration reading is too high.
    5. Analyzer is reading low.
    6. Barometer reading is in error (too low).
    7. Revolution counter is reading low.
    8. There is a leak into the sampling system. Pressure check the 
lines and fittings on the intake side of sample transfer pumps on both 
the CVS and analyzer console.

[42 FR 33000, June 28, 1977]

          Appendix IV to Part 86--Durability Driving Schedules

    (a) Durability Driving Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-
Duty Trucks.
    The schedule consists basically of 11 laps of a 3.7 mile course. The 
basic vehicle speed for each lap is listed below:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Speed
                             Lap                               miles per
                                                                 hour
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...........................................................          40
2...........................................................          30
3...........................................................          40
4...........................................................          40
5...........................................................          35
6...........................................................          30
7...........................................................          35
8...........................................................          45
9...........................................................          35
10..........................................................          55
11..........................................................          70
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    During each of the first nine laps there are 4 stops with 15 second 
idle. Normal accelerations and decelerations are used. In addition, 
there are 5 light decelerations each lap from the base speed to 20 
m.p.h. followed by light accelerations to the base speed.
    The 10th lap is run at a constant speed of 55 m.p.h.
    The 11th lap is begun with a wide open throttle acceleration from 
stop to 70 m.p.h. A normal deceleration to idle followed by a second 
wide open throttle acceleration occurs at the midpoint of the lap.
    (b) Durability Driving Schedule for Motorcycles. The Durability 
Driving Schedule for Class III Motorcycles may be used for Light-Duty 
Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks.
    The schedule consists basically of 11 laps of a 6.0 km (3.7 mi) 
course. The basic vehicle speed for each lap is listed below:

[[Page 1201]]



                       Speed (kilometers per hour)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Lap                   Class I      Class II    Class III
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...............................  65..........  65.........  65
2...............................  45..........  45.........  65
3...............................  65..........  65.........  55
4...............................  65..........  65.........  45
5...............................  55..........  55.........  55
6...............................  45..........  45.........  55
7...............................  55..........  55.........  70
8...............................  70..........  70.........  55
9...............................  55..........  55.........  46
10..............................  70..........  90.........  90
11..............................  70..........  90.........  110
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    During each of the first nine laps there are 4 stops with 15 second 
idle. Normal accelerations and decelerations are used. In addition, 
there are 5 light declerations each lap from the base speed to 30 km/h 
followed by light accelerations to the base speed.
    The 10th lap is run at a constant speed.
    The 11th lap is begun with a wide open throttle acceleration from 
stop. A normal deceleration to idle followed by a second wide open 
throttle acceleration occurs at the midpoint of the lap.
    This schedule may be modified with the advance approval of the 
Administrator if it results in unsafe operation of the vehicle.

[[Page 1202]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.197


[[Page 1203]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.198


[42 FR 33002, June 28, 1977]

                    Appendix V to Part 86  [Reserved]

          Appendix VI to Part 86--Vehicle and Engine Components

    (a) Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, Motorcycles, and 
Gasoline-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines.
    I. Basic Mechanical Components-Engine.
    (1) Intake and exhaust valves.
    (2) Drive belts.
    (3) Manifold and cylinder head bolts.
    (4) Engine oil and filter.
    (5) Engine coolant.
    (6) Cooling system hoses and connections.
    (7) Vacuum fittings, hoses, and connections.
    (8) Oil injection metering system.

[[Page 1204]]

    II. Fuel System.
    (1) Fuel specification-octane rating, lead content.
    (2) Carburetor-idle RPM, mixture ratio.
    (3) Choke mechanism.
    (4) Fuel system filter and fuel system lines and connections.
    (5) Choke plate and linkage.
    III. Ignition Components.
    (1) Ignition timing and advance systems.
    (2) Distributor breaker points and condenser.
    (3) Spark plugs.
    (4) Ignition wiring.
    (5) Operating parts of distributor.
    IV. Crankcase Ventilation System.
    (1) PCV valve.
    (2) Ventilation hoses.
    (3) Oil filter breather cap.
    (4) Manifold inlet (carburetor spacer, etc.).
    V. External Exhaust Emission Control System.
    (1) Secondary air injection system hoses.
    (2) Air system manifolds.
    (3) Control valves and air pump.
    (4) Manifold reactors.
    (5) Catalytic converters.
    (6) Exhaust recirculation.
    (7) Water injection.
    VI. Evaporative Emission Control System.
    (1) Engine compartment hose connections.
    (2) Carbon storage media.
    (3) Fuel tank pressure-relief valve operation.
    (4) Fuel vapor control valves.
    VII. Air Inlet Components.
    (1) Carburetor air cleaner filter.
    (2) Hot air control valve.
    (b) Diesel Light-Duty Vehicles, Diesel Light-Duty Trucks, and Diesel 
Heavy-Duty Engines.
    I. Engine Mechanical Components.
    (1) Valve train.
    (2) Cooling system.
    a. Coolant.
    b. Thermostat.
    c. Filter.
    (3) Lubrication.
    a. Oil filter.
    b. Lubricant.
    II. Fuel System.
    (1) Fuel type.
    (2) Fuel pump.
    (3) Fuel filters.
    (4) Injectors.
    (5) Governor.
    III. Air Inlet Components.
    (1) Air cleaner.
    (2) Inlet ducting.
    IV. External Exhaust Emission Control System.
    (1) Rack limiting devices (aneroid, throttle delay, etc.).
    (2) Manifold reactors.
    (3) Catalytic converters.
    (4) Exhaust recirculation.
    (5) Water injection.

[42 FR 33004, June 28, 1977]

                Appendixes VII-IX to Part 86  [Reserved]

Appendix X to Part 86--Sampling Plans for Selective Enforcement Auditing 
               of Heavy-Duty Engines and Light-Duty Trucks

                   Table 1--Sampling Plan Code Letter
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   Code
                          Annual sales                            letter
------------------------------------------------------------------------
50-99..........................................................       A.
100-299........................................................       B.
300-499........................................................       C.
500 or greater.................................................       D.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


              Table 2--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``A''
                      [Sample inspection criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Stage       Pass No.    Fail No.      Stage     Pass No.    Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        1        (\1\)        (\2\)          16           6          11
        2        (\1\)        (\2\)          17           7          12
        3        (\1\)        (\2\)          18           7          12
        4            0        (\2\)          19           8          13
        5            0        (\2\)          20           8          13
        6            1            6          21           9          14
        7            1            7          22          10          14
        8            2            7          23          10          15
        9            2            8          24          11          15
       10            3            8          25          11          16
       11            3            8          26          12          16
       12            4            9          27          12          17
       13            5           10          28          13          17
       14            5           10          29          14          17
       15            6           11          30          16          17
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


              Table 3--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``B''
                      [Sample Inspection Criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Stage                 Pass No.                  Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              1           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              2           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              3           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              4           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              5                0                    (\2\ )
              6                1                         6
              7                1                         7
              8                2                         7
              9                2                         8
             10                3                         8
             11                3                         9
             12                4                         9
             13                4                        10
             14                5                        10
             15                5                        11
             16                6                        12
             17                6                        12
             18                7                        13
             19                8                        13

[[Page 1205]]

 
             20                8                        14
             21                9                        14
             22                9                        15
             23               10                        15
             24               10                        16
             25               11                        16
             26               11                        17
             27               12                        17
             28               12                        18
             29               13                        18
             30               13                        19
             31               14                        19
             32               14                        20
             33               15                        20
             34               16                        21
             35               16                        21
             36               17                        22
             37               17                        22
             38               18                        22
             39               18                        22
             40               21                        22
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


              Table 4--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``C''
                      [Sample Inspection Criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Stage                 Pass No.                  Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              1              [1]                       [2]
              2              [1]                       [2]
              3              [1]                       [2]
              4              [1]                       [2]
              5                0                       [2]
              6                0                         6
              7                1                         7
              8                2                         7
              9                2                         8
             10                3                         9
             11                3                         9
             12                4                        10
             13                4                        10
             14                5                        11
             15                5                        11
             16                6                        12
             17                6                        12
             18                7                        13
             19                7                        13
             20                8                        14
             21                8                        14
             22                9                        15
             23               10                        15
             24               10                        16
             25               11                        16
             26               11                        17
             27               12                        17
             28               12                        18
             29               13                        18
             30               13                        19
             31               14                        19
             32               14                        20
             33               15                        20
             34               15                        21
             35               16                        21
             36               16                        22
             37               17                        22
             38               18                        23
             39               18                        23
             40               19                        24
             41               19                        24
             42               20                        25
             43               20                        25
             44               21                        26
             45               21                        27
             46               22                        27
             47               22                        27
             48               23                        27
             49               23                        27
             50               26                        27
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


              Table 5--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``D''
                      [Sample Inspection Criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Stage                 Pass No.                  Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              1           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              2           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              3           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              4           (\1\ )                    (\2\ )
              5                0                    (\2\ )
              6                0                         6
              7                1                         7
              8                2                         8
              9                2                         8
             10                3                         9
             11                3                         9
             12                4                        10
             13                4                        10
             14                5                        11
             15                5                        11
             16                6                        12
             17                6                        12
             18                7                        13
             19                7                        13
             20                8                        14
             21                8                        14
             22                9                        15
             23                9                        15
             24               10                        16
             25               11                        16
             26               11                        17
             27               12                        17
             28               12                        18
             29               13                        19
             30               13                        19
             31               14                        20
             32               14                        20
             33               15                        21
             34               15                        21
             35               16                        22
             36               16                        22
             37               17                        23
             38               17                        23
             39               18                        24
             40               18                        24
             41               19                        25
             42               19                        26
             43               20                        26
             44               21                        27
             45               21                        27
             46               22                        28
             47               22                        28

[[Page 1206]]

 
             48               23                        29
             49               23                        29
             50               24                        30
             51               24                        30
             52               25                        31
             53               25                        31
             54               26                        32
             55               26                        32
             56               27                        33
             57               27                        33
             58               28                        33
             59               28                        33
             60               32                        33
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


[48 FR 1414, Jan. 12, 1983, as amended at 48 FR 52209, Nov. 16, 1983]

    Appendix XI to Part 86--Sampling Plans for Selective Enforcement 
                     Auditing of Light-Duty Vehicles

                                 40% AQL

                   Table 1--Sampling Plan Code Letter
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Annual sales of configuration                 Code letter
------------------------------------------------------------------------
50-99.........................................  A
100-299.......................................  B
300-499.......................................  C
500 or greater................................  D
------------------------------------------------------------------------


          Table 2--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``A'' 40% AQL
                      [Sample inspection criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Stage                         Pass No.   Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.................................................      (\1\)      (\2\)
2.................................................      (\1\)      (\2\)
3.................................................      (\1\)      (\2\)
4.................................................          0      (\2\)
5.................................................          0      (\2\)
6.................................................          1          6
7.................................................          1          7
8.................................................          2          7
9.................................................          2          8
10................................................          3          8
11................................................          3          9
12................................................          4          9
13................................................          5         10
14................................................          5         10
15................................................          6         11
16................................................          6         11
17................................................          7         12
18................................................          7         12
19................................................          8         13
20................................................          8         13
21................................................          9         14
22................................................         10         14
23................................................         10         15
24................................................         11         15
25................................................         11         16
26................................................         12         16
27................................................         12         17
28................................................         13         17
29................................................         14         17
30................................................         16         17
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


          Table 3--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``B'' 40% AQL
                      [Sample inspection criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Stage                         Pass No.   Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.................................................      (\1\)      (\2\)
2.................................................      (\1\)      (\2\)
3.................................................      (\1\)      (\2\)
4.................................................      (\1\)      (\2\)
5.................................................          0      (\2\)
6.................................................          1          6
7.................................................          1          7
8.................................................          2          7
9.................................................          2          8
10................................................          3          8
11................................................          3          9
12................................................          4          9
13................................................          4         10
14................................................          5         10
15................................................          5         11
16................................................          6         12
17................................................          6         12
18................................................          7         13
19................................................          8         13
20................................................          8         14
21................................................          9         14
22................................................          9         15
23................................................         10         15
24................................................         10         16
25................................................         11         16
26................................................         11         17
27................................................         12         17
28................................................         12         18
29................................................         13         18
30................................................         13         19
31................................................         14         19
32................................................         14         20
33................................................         15         20
34................................................         16         21
35................................................         16         21
36................................................         17         22
37................................................         17         22
38................................................         18         22
39................................................         18         22
40................................................         21         22
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


          Table 4--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``C'' 40% AQL
                      [Sample inspection criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Stage                         Pass No.   Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.................................................       (1 )       (2 )
2.................................................       (1 )       (2 )
3.................................................       (1 )       (2 )
4.................................................       (1 )       (2 )

[[Page 1207]]

 
5.................................................          0       (2 )
6.................................................          0          6
7.................................................          1          7
8.................................................          2          7
9.................................................          2          8
10................................................          3          9
11................................................          3          9
12................................................          4         10
13................................................          4         10
14................................................          5         11
15................................................          5         11
16................................................          6         12
17................................................          6         12
18................................................          7         13
19................................................          7         13
20................................................          8         14
21................................................          8         14
22................................................          9         15
23................................................         10         15
24................................................         10         16
25................................................         11         16
26................................................         11         17
27................................................         12         17
28................................................         12         18
29................................................         13         18
30................................................         13         19
31................................................         14         19
32................................................         14         20
33................................................         15         20
34................................................         15         21
35................................................         16         21
36................................................         16         22
37................................................         17         22
38................................................         18         23
39................................................         18         23
40................................................         19         24
41................................................         19         24
42................................................         20         25
43................................................         20         25
44................................................         21         26
45................................................         21         27
46................................................         22         27
47................................................         22         27
48................................................         23         27
49................................................         23         27
50................................................         26         27
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


          Table 5--Sampling Plan for Code Letter ``D'' 40% AQL
                      [Sample inspection criteria]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Stage                         Pass No.   Fail No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.................................................       (1 )       (2 )
2.................................................       (1 )       (2 )
3.................................................       (1 )       (2 )
4.................................................       (1 )       (2 )
5.................................................          0       (2 )
6.................................................          0          6
7.................................................          1          7
8.................................................          2          8
9.................................................          2          8
10................................................          3          9
11................................................          3          9
12................................................          4         10
13................................................          4         10
14................................................          5         11
15................................................          5         11
16................................................          6         12
17................................................          6         12
18................................................          7         13
19................................................          7         13
20................................................          8         14
21................................................          8         14
22................................................          9         15
23................................................          9         15
24................................................         10         16
25................................................         11         16
26................................................         11         17
27................................................         12         17
28................................................         12         18
29................................................         13         19
30................................................         13         19
31................................................         14         20
32................................................         14         20
33................................................         15         21
34................................................         15         21
35................................................         16         22
36................................................         16         22
37................................................         17         23
38................................................         17         23
39................................................         18         24
40................................................         18         24
41................................................         19         25
42................................................         19         26
43................................................         20         26
44................................................         21         27
45................................................         21         27
46................................................         22         28
47................................................         22         28
48................................................         23         29
49................................................         23         29
50................................................         24         30
51................................................         24         30
52................................................         25         31
53................................................         25         31
54................................................         26         32
55................................................         26         32
56................................................         27         33
57................................................         27         33
58................................................         28         33
59................................................         28         33
60................................................         32         33
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Test sample passing not permitted at this stage.
\2\ Test sample failure not permitted at this stage.


[49 FR 48485, Dec. 12, 1984]

 Appendix XII to Part 86--Tables for Production Compliance Auditing of 
 Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-Duty Trucks

 Table 1--Compliance Level Determination Using the Primary PCA Sampling
                                  Plan
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Compliance
                                                               level \2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PCA test sample size.\1\
    24......................................................          15

[[Page 1208]]

 
    25......................................................          15
    26......................................................          16
    27......................................................          17
    28......................................................          17
    29......................................................          18
    30......................................................          18
    31......................................................          19
    32......................................................          20
    33......................................................          20
    34......................................................          21
    35......................................................          21
    36......................................................          22
    37......................................................          23
    38......................................................          23
    39......................................................          24
    40......................................................          24
    41......................................................          25
    42......................................................          26
    43......................................................          26
    44......................................................          27
    45......................................................          27
    46......................................................          28
    47......................................................          29
    48......................................................          29
    49......................................................          30
    50......................................................          30
    51......................................................          31
    52......................................................          32
    53......................................................          32
    54......................................................          33
    55......................................................          33
    56......................................................          34
    57......................................................          35
    58......................................................          35
    59......................................................          36
    60......................................................          36
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Including the number of SEA tests if applicable.
\2\ Is the test result of the sequence number: (The lowest test result
  is sequence No. 1).


      Table 2--Values of K for the Reduced Fixed PCA Sampling Plan
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Value of K
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample size:
    3.......................................................       1.602
    4.......................................................       1.114
    5.......................................................       0.895
    6.......................................................       0.764
    7.......................................................       0.674
    8.......................................................       0.608
    9.......................................................       0.555
    10......................................................       0.513
    11......................................................       0.478
    12......................................................       0.448
    13......................................................       0.422
    14......................................................       0.399
    15......................................................       0.379
    16......................................................       0.360
    17......................................................       0.343
    18......................................................       0.328
    19......................................................       0.314
    20......................................................       0.301
    21......................................................       0.289
    22......................................................       0.277
    23......................................................       0.266
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Table 3--Values of K for the Reduced Sequential PCA Sampling Plan
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Value of K
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample size:
    4.......................................................       1.671
    8.......................................................       0.912
    12......................................................       0.672
    16......................................................       0.540
    20......................................................       0.451
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[50 FR 35401, Aug. 30, 1985]

 Appendix XIII to Part 86--State Requirements Incorporated by Reference 
              in Part 86 of the Code of Federal Regulations

    The following is an informational list of the California regulatory 
requirements applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle program 
(October, 1996) incorporated by reference in part 86 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations (see Sec. 86.1).

                      California State Regulations

    (a) State of California; Air Resources Board: California Assembly-
Line Test Procedures for 1983 Through 1997 Model-Year Passenger Cars, 
Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles, adopted November 24, 1981, 
amended June 24, 1996.
    (b) State of California; Air Resources Board: California Assembly-
Line Test Procedures for 1998 and Subsequent Model-Year Passenger Cars, 
Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles, adopted June 24, 1996.
    (c) California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Division 3, Sections 
2108, 2109, 2110.
    (d) State of California; Air Resources Board: California Exhaust 
Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 and Subsequent Model 
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles, adopted May 
20, 1987, amended June 24, 1996, Section 9.a.
    (e) State of California; Air Resources Board: California Non-Methane 
Organic Gas Test Procedures, adopted July 12, 1991, amended June 24, 
1996.
    (f) State of California; Air Resources Board: Regulations Regarding 
Malfunction and Diagnostic System Requirements--1994 and Later Passenger 
Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles and Engines (OBD II), 
California Mail Out #95-34, September 26, 1995, excluding paragraphs 
(d), (m)(4), and (m)(5).
    (g) State of California; Air Resources Board: California Motor 
Vehicle Emission Control Label Specifications, adopted March 1, 1978, 
amended June 24, 1996, excluding paragraphs 2(b), 3.5, and 10.

[62 FR 31264, June 6, 1997]

[[Page 1209]]

  Appendix XIV to Part 86--Determination of Acceptable Durability Test 
Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks Certifying 
                 to the Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R

    A manufacturer may determine mileage test intervals for durability-
data vehicles subject to the conditions specified in Sec. 86.1726. The 
following procedure shall be used to determine if the schedule is 
acceptable to the Administrator:
    1. Select exhaust system mileage test points and maintenance mileage 
test points for proposed (prop) schedule.
    2. Calculate the sums of the squares corrected to the mean of the 
system mileages at the proposed test points:

Aprop = [<3-ln-grk-S>(Xp)2 - 
((<3-ln-grk-S>Xp)2 / 
Np))prop

Where:

Xp = Individual mileages at which the vehicle will be tested.
Np = Total number of tests (including before and after 
maintenance tests).

(Subscript ``p'' refers to proposed test schedule).

    3. Determine exhaust system mileage test points and maintenance 
mileage test points based on testing at five thousand mile intervals 
from 5,000 miles through the final testing point and maintenance mileage 
test points selected for the proposed schedule in step 1 of this 
appendix. This schedule will be designated as the standard (std) test 
schedule.
    4. Calculate the sums of squares corrected to the mean of the 
standard schedule:

Bstd = [<3-ln-grk-S>(Xs)2 - 
((<3-ln-grk-S>Xs)2 / Ns))std

Where:
Xs = Individual mileages at which the vehicle will be tested.
Ns = Total number of tests (including before and after 
maintenance).

(Subscript ``s'' refers to standard test schedule).
    5. Refer to table I and determine tp at (Np - 
2)prop degrees of freedom and ts at (Ns 
- 2)std.
    6. If (Aprop)\1/2\  tp / 
ts x (Bstd)\1/2\ the proposed plan is 
acceptable.

                         Table I to Appendix XIV
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Degrees of freedom (N-2)                        t
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1..............................................................    6.314
2..............................................................    2.920
3..............................................................    2.353
4..............................................................    2.132
5..............................................................    2.015
6..............................................................    1.943
7..............................................................    1.895
8..............................................................    1.860
9..............................................................    1.833
10.............................................................    1.812
11.............................................................    1.796
12.............................................................    1.782
13.............................................................    1.771
14.............................................................    1.761
15.............................................................    1.753
16.............................................................    1.746
17.............................................................    1.740
18.............................................................    1.734
19.............................................................    1.729
20.............................................................    1.725
21.............................................................    1.721
22.............................................................    1.717
23.............................................................    1.714
24.............................................................    1.711
25.............................................................    1.708
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[62 FR 31264, June 6, 1997]

Appendix XV to Part 86--Procedure for Determining an Acceptable Exhaust 
  Regeneration Durability-Data Test Schedule for Diesel Cycle Vehicles 
Equipped With Periodically Regenerating Trap Oxidizer Systems Certifying 
                 to the Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R

    1. Select exhaust system mileage test points for proposed (prop) 
schedule.
    2. Calculate the sums of the squares corrected to the mean of the 
system mileages at the proposed test points:

Aprop = [<3-ln-grk-S>(Xp)2 - 
((<3-ln-grk-S>Xp)2 / 
Np))prop

Where:

Xp = Individual mileages at which the vehicle will be tested.
Np = Total number of tests (including before and after 
maintenance tests).

(Subscript ``p'' refers to proposed test schedule).

    3. The exhaust system mileage tests points at 5,000, 25,000, 50,000, 
75,000, and 100,000 miles will be designated as the standard (std) test 
schedule.
    4. Calculate the sums of square corrected to the mean of the 
standard tests schedule:

Bstd = [<3-ln-grk-S>(Xs)2 - 
((<3-ln-grk-S>Xs)2 / Ns))std

Where:

Xs = Individual mileages at which the vehicle will be tested.
Ns = Total number of regeneration emission tests.

(Subscript ``s'' refers to standard test schedule)

    5. Refer to table I and determine tp at (Np - 
2)prop degrees of freedom and ts at (Ns 
- 2)std degrees of freedom.
    6. If (Aprop)1/2  tp / 
ts  x  (Bstd)1/2 the proposed plan is 
acceptable.

[[Page 1210]]



                         Table I to Appendix XV
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Degrees of freedom (N-2)                        t
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1..............................................................    6.314
2..............................................................    2.920
3..............................................................    2.353
4..............................................................    2.132
5..............................................................    2.015
6..............................................................    1.943
7..............................................................    1.895
8..............................................................    1.860
9..............................................................    1.833
10.............................................................    1.812
11.............................................................    1.796
12.............................................................    1.782
13.............................................................    1.771
14.............................................................    1.761
15.............................................................    1.753
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[62 FR 31264, June 6, 1997]

Appendix XVI to Part 86--Pollutant Mass Emissions Calculation Procedure 
for Gaseous-Fueled Vehicles and for Vehicles Equipped With Periodically 
Regenerating Trap Oxidizer Systems Certifying to the Provisions of Part 
                              86, Subpart R

    (a) Gaseous-Fueled Vehicle Pollutant Mass Emission Calculation 
Procedure.
    (1) For all TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs, the calculation procedures 
specified in Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory Requirements 
Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996) 
shall apply. These procedures are incorporated by reference (see 
Sec. 86.1).
    (b) Pollutant Mass Emissions Calculation Procedure for Vehicles 
Equipped with Periodically Regenerating Trap Oxidizer Systems.
    (1) Exhaust Emissions. (i) The provisions of Sec. 86.1777 apply to 
vehicles equipped with periodically regenerating trap oxidizer systems, 
except that the following shall apply instead of the requirements in 
Sec. 86.144-94(a):
    (ii) The final reported test results shall be computed by the use of 
the following formula:
    (iii) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks:

Ywm = 0.43 ((Yct + Ys) / (Dct + Ds)) + 0.57 ((Yht + Ys) / 
(Dht + Ds)).

    (iv) For purposes of adjusting emissions for regeneration:

Re = ((Yr1 - Yct) + (Yr2 - Ys) + (Yr3 - Yht)) / (Dct + Ds + Dht).
Yr = Ywm + Re.

Where:

Ywm = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., HC, CO, 
NOX or CO , in grams per vehicle mile.
Yct = Mass emissions as calculated from the ``transient'' phase of the 
cold start test, in grams per test phase.
Yht = Mass emissions as calculated from the ``transient'' phase of the 
hot start test in grams per test phase.
Ys = Mass emissions as calculated from the ``stabilized'' phase of the 
cold start test, in grams per test phase.
Dct = The measured driving distance from the ``transient'' phase of the 
cold start test, in miles.
Dht = The measured distance from the ``transient'' phase of the hot 
start test, in miles.
Ds = The measured driving distance from the ``stabilized'' phase of the 
cold start test, in miles.
Yr = Regeneration emission test.
Re = Mass emissions of each pollutant attributable to regeneration in 
grams per mile.
Yr1 = Mass emissions, during a regeneration emission test, as calculated 
from the ``transient'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test 
phase.
Yr2 = Mass emissions, during a regeneration emission test, as calculated 
from the ``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in grams per test 
phase.
Yr3 = Mass emissions, during a regeneration emission test, as calculated 
from the ``transient'' phase of the hot start test in grams per test 
phase.
    (2) Particulate Emissions. (i) The provisions of Sec. 86.1778 apply 
to vehicles equipped with periodically regenerating trap oxidizer 
systems, except that the following shall apply instead of the 
requirements Sec. 86.145-82(a):
    (ii) The final reported test results for the mass particulate (Mp) 
in grams/mile shall be computed as follows.
    (iii) For purposes of adjusting emissions for regeneration:

Mp = 0.43(Mp1 + Mp2) / (Dct + Ds) + 0.57 (Mp3 + Mp2) / (Dht + Ds)
Re = ((Mpr1 - Mp1) + (Mpr2 - Mp2) + (Mpr3 - Mp3) / (Dct + Ds + Dht)
Mpr = Mp + Re

Where:
(1) Mp1 = Mass of particulate determined from the ``transient'' phase of 
the cold start test, in grams per test phase. (See Sec. 86.110-94(d)(1) 
for determination.)
(2) Mp2 = Mass of particulate determined from the ``stabilized'' phase 
of the cold start test, in grams per test phase. (See Sec. 86.110-
94(d)(1) for determination.)
(3) Mp3 = Mass of particulate determined from the ``transient'' phase of 
the hot start test, in grams per test phase. (See Sec. 86.110-94(d)(1) 
for determination.)
(4) Dct = The measured driving distance from the ``transient'' phase of 
the cold start test, in miles.

[[Page 1211]]

(5) Ds = The measured driving distance from the ``stabilized'' phase of 
the cold start test, in miles.
(6) Dht = The measured driving distance from the ``transient'' phase of 
the hot start test, in miles.
(7) Mpr = Regeneration emission test
(8) Re = Mass of particulate attributable to regeneration in grams/mile.
(9) Mpr1 = Mass of particulate determined, during a regeneration 
emission test, from the ``transient'' phase of the cold start test in 
grams per test phase. (See Sec. 86.110-94(d)(1) for determination.)
(10) Mpr2 = Mass of particulate determined, during a regeneration 
emission test, from ``stabilized'' phase of the cold start test, in 
grams per test phase. (See Sec. 86.110-94(d)(1) for determination.)
(11) Mpr3 = Mass of particulate determined, during a regeneration 
emission test, from the ``transient'' phase of the hot start test, in 
grams per test phase. (See Sec. 86.110-94(d)(1) for determination.)

    (c) Fuel Economy Calculations for Gaseous Fuels Based on the Cold 
Start CVS-1975 Federal Test Procedure.
    (1) Assume the fuel meets HD-5 specifications (95% 
C3H8, 5% nC4H10, by volume).
    (i) Physical constants of Propane and Normal Butane:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Liquid
                                    Liquid                      density
                Mol.                density                     of Hd-5
  Component      Wt.    Sp. Gr.    (lb/gal @                   (lb/gal @
                                  60  deg.F)                       60
                                                                 deg.F)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C3H8           44.094      0.508      4.235    x     0.95   =     4.0233
nC4H10         58.12       0.584      4.868    x     0.05   =     0.2434
                                                                  ______
 
                                                                  4.2667
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Density of the HD-5 fuel:

(0.95  x  4.235) + (0.05  x  4.868) = 4.267 lb/gal @ 60  deg.F

    (iii) Molecular Weights:
    (A)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Species                              Mol. Wt.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C..........................................................     12.01115
H..........................................................      1.00797
0..........................................................      15.9994
CO.........................................................     28.01055
CO2........................................................     44.00995
CH2.658*...................................................      14.6903
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Average ratio of Hydrogen to carbon atoms in HD-5 fuel.

    (B)

 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C3H8        8/3       =      2.666 x 0.95 (% propane)     =     2.533
nC4H10      10/4      =      2.5 x 0.05 (% Butane)        =     0.125
                                                               ---------
            ........  .....  ...........................  ....  2.568
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iv) Weight of Carbon in:

CO = wt. of CO  x  (12.01115 / 28.01055) = wt CO  x  (0.429)
CO2 = wt. of CO2  x  (12.01115 / 44.00995) wt 
CO2  x  (0.273)
CH2.658 = wt. of CH2.658  x  (12.01115 / 14.6903) 
= wt CH2.658  x  (0.818)

    (v) Wt. of Carbon per gallon of LPG:

wt. of carbon = 4.2667 lbs/gal  x  453.59 gms/lb  x  0.818 = 1583 grams 
C/gal HD-5

    (vi) Fuel economy:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.001
    
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.002
    
Where:

HC = CVS HC in grams/mile
CO = CVS CO in grams/mile
CO2 = CVS CO2 in grams/mile
For gasoline:
= 2421 / ((0.866)(HC) + (0.429)(CO) + (0.273)(CO2))
For Natural Gas:
= 1535 / ((0.759)(HC) + (0.429)(CO) + (0.273)(CO2))

[62 FR 31265, June 6, 1997]

  Appendix XVII to Part 86--Procedure for Determining Vehicle Emission 
   Control Technology Category/Fuel Reactivity Adjustment Factors for 
   Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks Certifying to the 
                    Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R

    The following procedure shall be used by the Administrator to 
establish the reactivity adjustment factor for exhaust emissions of non-
methane organic gases (NMOG) and establish the ``methane reactivity 
adjustment factor'' for exhaust methane emissions from natural gas 
vehicles, for the purpose of certifying a vehicle of specific emission 
control technology category and fuel for the National LEV program 
provisions of subpart R of this part.
    (a) The Administrator shall determine representative speciated NMOG 
exhaust emission profiles for light-duty conventional gasoline-fueled 
TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs according to the following conditions:
    (1) All testing will be conducted using a specified gasoline blend 
representative of

[[Page 1212]]

commercial gasoline and having the specifications listed in 
Sec. 86.1771.
    (2) Speciated NMOG profiles shall be obtained from a statistically 
valid number of TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs.
    (3) The speciated NMOG profiles shall identify and quantify, in 
units of g/mile or mg/mile, as many constituents as possible in 
accordance with the procedures specified in Chapter 5 of the California 
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle 
Program (October, 1996). These procedures are incorporated by reference 
(see Sec. 86.1).
    (b) The ``g ozone potential per mile'' of each NMOG identified in 
the speciated profile shall be determined by multiplying the ``g/mile 
NMOG'' emission value of the constituent NMOG by its maximum incremental 
reactivity in paragraph (j) of this appendix.
    (c) The ``total g ozone potential per mile'' of NMOG exhaust 
emissions from the vehicle/fuel system shall be the sum of all the 
constituent NMOG ``g ozone potential per mile'' values calculated in 
paragraph (b) of this appendix.
    (d) The ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' for the vehicle/fuel system 
shall be determined by dividing the ``total g ozone potential per mile'' 
value calculated in paragraph (c) of this appendix by the ``total g/mile 
of NMOG emissions''.
    (e) For light-duty candidate vehicle/fuel systems not powered by 
conventional gasoline, the Administrator shall establish ``reactivity 
adjustment factors'' calculated from exhaust emission profiles derived 
according to the same conditions specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and 
(a)(2) of this appendix.
    (f) The ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' for candidate vehicle/fuel 
systems not powered by conventional gasoline shall be determined 
according to paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this appendix.
    (g)(1) The candidate vehicle/fuel ``reactivity adjustment factor'' 
shall be determined by dividing the ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' 
calculated in paragraph (f) of this appendix by the ``g ozone potential 
per g NMOG'' value for the vehicle in the same emission control 
technology category operated on conventional gasoline. The ``g ozone 
potential per g NMOG'' values for conventional gasoline vehicles are 
listed in Sec. 86.1777(b)(5) or shall be established by the 
Administrator pursuant to this appendix. For candidate vehicle/fuel 
systems powered by methanol or liquefied petroleum gas, the quotient 
calculated above shall be multiplied by 1.1. The resulting value shall 
constitute the ``reactivity adjustment factor'' for the methanol or 
liquefied petroleum gas-powered vehicle/fuel system.
    (2) For candidate vehicle/fuel systems operating on natural gas, a 
``methane reactivity adjustment factor'' shall be calculated by dividing 
the maximum incremental reactivity value for methane given in paragraph 
(j) of this appendix by the ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' value for 
the vehicle in the same emission control technology category operated on 
conventional gasoline as listed in Sec. 86.1777(b)(5) or established by 
the Administrator pursuant to this appendix.
    (h) The Administrator shall assign a reactivity adjustment factor 
unique to a specific engine family at the request of a vehicle 
manufacturer provided that each of the following occurs:
    (1)(i) The manufacturer submits speciated NMOG exhaust emission 
profiles to the Administrator obtained from emission testing a minimum 
of four different vehicles representative of vehicles that will be 
certified in the engine family. The test vehicles shall include the 
official emission-data vehicle(s) for the engine family, and the mileage 
accumulation of each vehicle shall be at or greater than 4000 miles. One 
speciated profile shall be submitted for each test vehicle. Emission 
levels of each constituent NMOG shall be measured according to Chapter 5 
of the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low 
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996). These procedures are 
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). For the emission-data 
vehicle(s), the speciated profile(s) shall be obtained from the same 
test used to obtain the official exhaust emission test results for the 
emission-data vehicle at the 4,000 mile test point. The manufacturer 
shall calculate ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' values for each 
speciated NMOG exhaust emission profile in accordance with the 
procedures specified in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this appendix. 
By using these ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' values, the manufacturer 
shall calculate a ``reactivity adjustment factor'' for each test vehicle 
in accordance with the procedure specified in paragraph (g) of this 
appendix. A ``reactivity adjustment factor'' for the engine family shall 
be calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of the ``reactivity 
adjustment factor'' obtained for each test vehicle. The 95 percent upper 
confidence bound (95% UCB) shall be calculated according to the 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.003

Where:

RAFm = mean ``reactivity adjustment factor'' calculated for 
the engine family.
RAFi = ``reactivity adjustment factor'' calculated for the 
i'th test vehicle.
n = number of test vehicles.

    (ii) The 95 percent upper confidence bound of the ``reactivity 
adjustment factor'' for the engine family shall be less than or equal to

[[Page 1213]]

115 percent of the engine family ``reactivity adjustment factor.''
    (2) The manufacturer submits an ``ozone deterioration factor'' for 
the engine family. To determine the ``ozone deterioration factor,'' the 
manufacturer shall perform two tests at each mileage interval for one or 
more durability vehicle(s) tested in accordance with the procedures and 
conditions specified in subpart R of this part for calculating mass 
deterioration factors. The Administrator shall approve the use of other 
mileage intervals and procedures if the manufacturer can demonstrate 
that equivalently representative ``ozone deterioration factors'' are 
obtained. One speciated profile shall be submitted for each test. 
Emission levels of each constituent NMOG shall be measured according to 
Chapter 5 of the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the 
National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996). These procedures 
are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). A mean g/mi NMOG mass 
value and a mean ``g ozone per g NMOG'' value shall be calculated by 
taking the arithmetic mean of each measurement from the speciated 
profiles. These results shall be multiplied together to obtain a mean 
``total g ozone potential per mile'' value at each mileage interval. A 
mean ``ozone deterioration factor'' shall be calculated in accordance 
with the procedures in Sec. 86.1777 and this appendix except that the 
mean total ``g ozone potential per mile'' value determined at each 
mileage interval shall be used in place of measured mass emissions. If 
the ``ozone deterioration factor'' is determined to be less than 1.00, 
the ``ozone deterioration factor'' shall be assigned a value of 1.00. 
The ``ozone deterioration factor'' shall be multiplied by the product of 
the official exhaust NMOG mass emission results at the 4000 mile test 
point and the mean ``reactivity adjustment factor'' for the engine 
family to obtain the NMOG certification levels used to determine 
compliance with the NMOG emission standards.
    (3) The speciated profiles, mean ``reactivity adjustment factor'' 
for the engine family, and ``ozone deterioration factor'' are provided 
to the Administrator with the certification application for the engine 
family.
    (i) Gasoline meeting the specifications listed in the following 
tables shall be used to determine the ``g ozone potential per g NMOG'' 
of conventional gasoline (the test methods used for each fuel property 
shall be the same as the test method for the identical fuel property 
listed in Sec. 86.1771):

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Fuel property                            Limit
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur, ppm by weight......................................   300  50
Benzene, volume percent....................................   1.6  0.3
Reid vapor pressure, psi...................................   8.7  0.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Distillation, D-86 degrees F
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10%........................................................      115-135
50%, maximum...............................................          240
90%........................................................      323-333
EP, maximum................................................          420
------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Hydrocarbon Type, volume percent
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Aromatics............................................    32  3.0
Multi-substituted alkyl aromatics..........................    21  3.0
Olefins....................................................    12  3.0
Saturates..................................................    remainder
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (j) The maximum incremental reactivities to be used in paragraph (b) 
of this appendix are provided in the table in this paragraph (j). Any 
manufacturer which intends to use the table shall submit to the 
Administrator a list which provides the specific organic gases measured 
by the manufacturer and the maximum incremental reactivity value 
assigned to each organic gas prior to or with the submittal of a request 
for the use of a reactivity adjustment factor unique to a specific 
engine family. The Administrator may deny such requests if he or she 
determines that the maximum incremental reactivity value assignments are 
made incorrectly. The table follows:

               Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) Values
                  [Units: grams ozone/gram organic gas]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             CAS#                           Compound               MIR
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                Alcohols
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00067-56-1....................  methanol.......................   0.56
 00064-17-5...................  ethanol........................   1.34
------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Light End and Mid-Range Hydrocarbons (Listed in approximate elution
                                 order)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                methane........................   0.0148
00074-85-1....................  ethene.........................   7.29
00074-86-2....................  ethyne.........................   0.50
00074-84-0....................  ethane.........................   0.25
00115-07-1....................  propene........................   9.40
00074-98-6....................  propane........................   0.48
00463-49-0....................  1,2-propadiene.................  10.89
00074-99-7....................  1-propyne......................   4.10
00075-28-5....................  methylpropane..................   1.21
00115-11-7....................  2-methylpropene................   5.31
00106-98-9....................  1-butene.......................   8.91
00106-99-0....................  1,3-butadiene..................  10.89
00106-97-8....................  n-butane.......................   1.02
00624-64-6....................  trans-2-butene.................   9.94
00463-82-1....................  2,2-dimethylpropane............   0.37
00107-00-6....................  1-butyne.......................   9.24
00590-18-1....................  cis-2-butene...................   9.94
00563-45-1....................  3-methyl-1-butene..............   6.22
00078-78-4....................  2-methylbutane.................   1.38
00503-17-3....................  2-butyne.......................   9.24
00109-67-1....................  1-pentene......................   6.22
00563-46-2....................  2-methyl-1-butene..............   4.90
00109-66-0....................  n-pentane......................   1.
00078-79-5....................  2-methyl-1,3-butadiene.........   9.08
00646-04-8....................  trans-2-pentene................   8.80
00558-37-2....................  3,3-dimethyl-1-butene..........   4.42
00627-20-3....................  cis-2-pentene..................   8.80

[[Page 1214]]

 
00689-97-4....................  1-buten-3-yne..................   9.24
00513-35-9....................  2-methyl-2-butene..............   6.41
00542-92-7....................  1,3-cyclopentadiene............   7.66
00075-83-2....................  2,2-dimethylbutane.............   0.82
00142-29-0....................  cyclopentene...................   7.66
00691-37-2....................  4-methyl-1-pentene.............   4.42
00760-20-3....................  3-methyl-1-pentene.............   4.42
00287-92-3....................  cyclopentane...................   2.38
00079-29-8....................  2,3-dimethylbutane.............   1.07
01634-04-4....................  1-methyl-tert-butyl-ether......   0.62
00691-38-3....................  4-methyl-cis-2-pentene.........   6.69
00107-83-5....................  2-methylpentane................   1.53
00674-76-0....................  4-methyl-trans-2-pentene.......   6.69
00096-14-0....................  3-methylpentane................   1.52
00763-29-1....................  2-methyl-1-pentene.............   4.42
00592-41-6....................  1-hexene.......................   4.42
00110-54-3....................  n-hexane.......................   0.98
13269-52-8....................  trans-3-hexene.................   6.69
07642-09-3....................  cis-3-hexene...................   6.69
04050-45-7....................  trans-2-hexene.................   6.69
00616-12-6....................  3-methyl-trans-2-pentene.......   6.69
00625-27-4....................  2-methyl-2-pentene.............   6.69
01120-62-3....................  3-methylcyclopentene...........   5.65
07688-21-3....................  cis-2-hexene...................   6.69
00637-92-3....................  1-ethyl-tert-butyl-ether.......   1.98
00922-62-3....................  3-methyl-cis-2-pentene.........   6.69
00590-35-2....................  2,2-dimethylpentane............   1.40
00096-37-7....................  methylcyclopentane.............   2.82
00108-08-7....................  2,4-dimethylpentane............   1.78
00464-06-2....................  2,2,3-trimethylbutane..........   1.32
07385-78-6....................  3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene.........   3.48
00693-89-0....................  1-methylcyclopentene...........   7.66
00071-43-2....................  benzene........................   0.42
03404-61-3....................  3-methyl-1-hexene..............   3.48
00562-49-2....................  3,3-dimethylpentane............   0.71
00110-82-7....................  cyclohexane....................   1.28
00591-76-4....................  2-methylhexane.................   1.08
00565-59-3....................  2,3-dimethylpentane............   1.51
00110-83-8....................  cyclohexene....................   5.67
00589-34-4....................  3-methylhexane.................   1.40
02532-58-3....................  cis-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane...   2.55
00617-78-7....................  3-ethylpentane.................   1.40
00822-50-4....................  trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane.   1.85
00592-76-7....................  1-heptene......................   3.48
00540-84-1....................  2,2,4-trimethylpentane.........   0.93
14686-14-7....................  trans-3-heptene................   5.53
00142-82-5....................  n-heptane......................   0.81
02738-19-4....................  2-methyl-2-hexene..............   5.53
03899-36-3....................  3-methyl-trans-3-hexene........   5.53
14686-13-6....................  trans-2-heptene................   5.53
00816-79-5....................  3-ethyl-2-pentene..............   5.53
00107-39-1....................  2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene......   2.69
10574-37-5....................  2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene.........   5.53
06443-92-1....................  cis-2-heptene..................   5.53
00108-87-2....................  methylcyclohexane..............   1.85
00590-73-8....................  2,2-dimethylhexane.............   1.20
00107-40-4....................  2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene......   5.29
01640-89-7....................  ethylcyclopentane..............   2.31
00592-13-2....................  2,5-dimethylhexane.............   1.63
00589-43-5....................  2,4-dimethylhexane.............   1.50
00563-16-6....................  3,3-dimethylhexane.............   1.20
00565-75-3....................  2,3,4-trimethylpentane.........   1.60
00560-21-4....................  2,3,3-trimethylpentane.........   1.20
00108-88-3....................  toluene........................   2.73
00584-94-1....................  2,3-dimethylhexane.............   1.32
00592-27-8....................  2-methylheptane................   0.96
00589-53-7....................  4-methylheptane................   1.20
00589-81-1....................  3-methylheptane................   0.99
15890-40-1....................  (1a,2a,3b) -1,2,3-                1.94
                                 trimethylcyclopentane.
00638- -0.....................  cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane....   1.94
02207- -7.....................  trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane..   1.94
03522-94-9....................  2,2,5-trimethylhexane..........   0.97
00111-66-0....................  1-octene.......................   2.69
14850-23-8....................  trans-4-octene.................   5.29
00111-65-9....................  n-octane.......................   0.61
13389-42-9....................  trans-2-octene.................   5.29
02207-03-6....................  trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane..   1.94
07642- -8.....................  cis-2-octene...................   5.29
01069-53-0....................  2,3,5-trimethylhexane..........   1.14
02213-23-2....................  2,4-dimethylheptane............   1.34
02207-01-4....................  cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane....   1.94
01678-91-7....................  ethylcyclohexane...............   1.94
00926-82-9....................  3,5-dimethylheptane............   1.14
00100-41-4....................  ethylbenzene...................   2.70
03074-71-3....................  2,3-dimethylheptane............   1.14
00108-38-3....................  m-&p-xylene....................   7.64
02216-34-4....................  4-methyloctane.................   1.14
03221-61-2....................  2-methyloctane.................   1.14
02216-33-3....................  3-methyloctane.................   1.14
00100-42-5....................  styrene(ethenylbenzene)........   2.22
00095-47-6....................  o-xylene.......................   6.46
00124-11-8....................  1-nonene.......................   2.23
00111-84-2....................  n-nonane.......................   0.54
00098-82-8....................  (1-methylethyl)benzene.........   2.24
15869-87-1....................  2,2-dimethyloctane.............   1.01
04032-94-4....................  2,4-dimethyloctane.............   1.01
00103-65-1....................  n-propylbenzene................   2.12
00620-14-4....................  1-methyl-3-ethylbenzene........   7.20
00622-96-8....................  1-methyl-4-ethylbenzene........   7.20
00108-67-8....................  1,3,5-trimethylbenzene.........  10.12
00611-14-3....................  1-methyl-2-ethylbenzene........   7.20
00095-63-6....................  1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.........   8.83
00124-18-5....................  n-decane.......................   0.47
00538-93-2....................  (2-methylpropyl)benzene........   1.87
00135-98-8....................  (1-methylpropyl)benzene........   1.89
00535-77-3....................  1-methyl-3-(1-                    6.45
                                 methylethyl)benzene.
00526-73-8....................  1,2,3-trimethylbenzene.........   8.85
00099-87-6....................  1-methyl-4-(1-                    6.45
                                 methylethyl)benzene.
00496-11-7....................  2,3-dihydroindene(indan).......   1.06
00527-84-4....................  1-methyl-2-(1-                    6.45
                                 methylethyl)benzene.
00141-93-5....................  1,3-diethylbenzene.............   6.45
00105-05-5....................  1,4-diethylbenzene.............   6.45
01074-43-7....................  1-methyl-3-n-propylbenzene.....   6.45
01074-55-1....................  1-methyl-4-n-propylbenzene.....   6.45
00135-01-3....................  1,2-diethylbenzene.............   6.45
01074-17-5....................  1-methyl-2-n-propylbenzene.....   6.45
01758-88-9....................  1,4-dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene....   9.07
00874-41-9....................  1,3-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene....   9.07
00934-80-5....................  1,2-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene....   9.07
02870-04-4....................  1,3-dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene....   9.07
01120-21-4....................  n-undecane(hendecane)..........   0.42
00933-98-2....................  1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylbenzene....   9.07
00095-93-2....................  1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene.....   9.07
03968-85-2....................  (2-methylbutyl)benzene.........   1.07
00527-53-7....................  1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene.....   9.07
01074-92-6....................  1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-          5.84
                                 methylbenzene.
00488-23-3....................  1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene.....   9.07
00538-68-1....................  n-pentylbenzene................   1.70
00098-19-1....................  1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3,5-        7.50
                                 DMbenzene.
00091-20-3....................  naphthalene....................   1.18
00112-40-3....................  n-dodecane.....................   0.38
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 1215]]

 
                           Carbonyl Compounds
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00050-00-0....................  formaldehyde...................   7.15
00075-07-0....................  acetaldehyde...................   5.52
00107-02-8....................  acrolein.......................   6.77
00067-64-1....................  acetone........................   0.56
00123-33-6....................  propionaldehyde................   6.53
00123-72-8....................  butyraldehyde..................   5.26
00066-25-1....................  hexanaldehyde..................   3.79
00100-52-7....................  benzaldehyde...................  -0.55
00078-93-3....................  methyl ethyl ketone (2-           1.18
                                 butanone).
00078-85-3....................  methacrolein...................   6.77
04170-30-3....................  crotonaldehyde.................   5.42
00110-62-3....................  valeraldehyde..................   4.41
00620-23-5....................  m-tolualdehyde.................  -0.55
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[62 FR 31266, June 6, 1997]

Appendix XVIII to Part 86--Statistical Outlier Identification Procedure 
 for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light Light-Duty Trucks Certifying to the 
                    Provisions of Part 86, Subpart R

    Residual normal deviates to indicate outliers are used routinely and 
usefully in analyzing regression data, but suffer theoretical 
deficiencies if statistical significance tests are required. 
Consequently, the procedure for testing for outliers outlined by 
Snedecor and Cochran, 6th ed., Statistical Methods, PP. 157-158, will be 
used. The method will be described generally, then by appropriate 
formulae, and finally a numerical example will be given.
    (a) Linearity is assumed (as in the rest of the deterioration factor 
calculation procedure), and each contaminant is treated separately. The 
procedure is as follows:
    (1) Calculate the deterioration factor regression as usual, and 
determine the largest residual in absolute value. Then recalculate the 
regression with the suspected outlier omitted. From the new regression 
line calculate the residual at the deleted point, denoted as 
(yi - yi'). Obtain a statistic by dividing 
(yi - yi') by the square root of the estimated 
variance of (yi - yi'). Find the tailed 
probability, p, from the t-distribution corresponding to the quotient 
(double-tailed), with n-3 degrees of freedom, with n the original sample 
size.
    (2) This probability, p, assumes the suspected outlier is randomly 
selected, which is not true. Therefore, the outlier will be rejected 
only if 1 - (1-p)n  0.05.
    (3) The procedure will be repeated for each contaminant individually 
until the above procedure indicates no outliers are present.
    (4) When an outlier is found, the vehicle test-log will be examined. 
If an unusual vehicle malfunction is indicated, data for all 
contaminants at that test-point will be rejected; otherwise, only the 
identified outlier will be omitted in calculating the deterioration 
factor.
    (b) Procedure for the calculation of the t-Statistic for 
Deterioration Data Outlier Test.
    (1) Given a set of n points, (x1, y1), 
(x2, y2) * * * (xn, yn).

Where:

xi is the mileage of the ith data point.
yi is the emission of the ith data point.
Assume model:

y = a + (x - x) + 

    (2)(i) Calculate the regression line.

y = a + b(x - x)

    (ii) Suppose the absolute value of the ith residual

(yi - yi) is the largest.

    (3)(i) Calculate the regression line with the ith point 
deleted.

y' = a' + b'(x - x)
    (ii)
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.004
    
Where:

y1 is the observed suspected outlier.
y'i is the predicted value with the suspected outlier 
deleted.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.005

(x is calculated without the suspected outlier)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.006

    (iii) Find p from the t-statistic table

Where:

p = prob ( t(n-3)   t)
t(n-3) is a t-distributed variable with n-3 degrees of freedom.

    (iv) yi is an outlier if 1-(1-p)n  .05

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      x                           y        y      y - y
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8............................................       59    56.14     2.86
6............................................       58    58.17    -0.17
11...........................................       56    53.10     2.90
22 \1\.......................................       53    41.96    11.04

[[Page 1216]]

 
14...........................................       50    50.06    -0.06
17...........................................       45    47.03    -2.03
18...........................................       43    46.01    -3.01
24...........................................       42    39.94     2.06
19...........................................       39    45.00    -6.00
23...........................................       38    40.95    -2.95
26...........................................       30    37.91    -7.91
40...........................................       27    23.73     3.27
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Suspected outlier.

    (4)(i) Assume model:

y = a + (x - x) + 
y = 45 - 1.013(x - x)

    (ii) Suspected point out of regression:

y = 44.273 - 1.053(x - x)
y = 44.273 - 1.053(22 - 18.727) = 40.827
yi - y'i = 12.173
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JN97.007


[62 FR 31270, June 6, 1997; 62 FR 45289, Aug. 26, 1997, as amended at 63 
FR 987, Jan. 7, 1998]


[[Page 1217]]



                              FINDING AIDS




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

  A list of CFR titles, subtitles, chapters, subchapters and parts and 
an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are included in 
the CFR Index and Finding Aids volume to the Code of Federal Regulations 
which is published separately and revised annually.

  Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference
  Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
  Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
  List of CFR Sections Affected

[[Page 1219]]

            Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference

                      (Revised as of July 1, 2000)

  The Director of the Federal Register has approved under 5 U.S.C. 
552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51 the incorporation by reference of the following 
publications. This list contains only those incorporations by reference 
effective as of the revision date of this volume. Incorporations by 
reference found within a regulation are effective upon the effective 
date of that regulation. For more information on incorporation by 
reference, see the preliminary pages of this volume.


40 CFR (PART 86)

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                                                  40 CFR


American National Standards Institute

  11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036; 
  Telephone: (212) 642-4900
ANSI/AGA NGV1-1994, Standard for Compressed             86.1; 86.001-9; 
  Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fueling Connection      86.004-9; 86.098-8; 
  Devices.                                          86.099-8, 86.1810-01


American Society for Testing and Materials

  100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 
  19428-2959; Telephone: (610) 832-9585, FAX: 
  (610) 832-9555
ASTM D 1945-91, Standard Test Method for Analysis      86.1; 86.113-94; 
  of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography.             86.1213-94; 86.1313-
                                                                      94
ASTM D 2163-91, Standard Test Method for Analysis     86.1; 86.1213-94; 
  of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propene               86.1313-94
  Concentrates by Gas Chromatography.
ASTM D5186-91, Standard Test Method for             86.1313-91; 86.1313-
  Determination of Aromatic Content of Diesel             94; 86.1313-98
  Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.
ASTM E29-67 (Reapproved 1980) Standard Recommended 86.094-26; 86.094-28; 
  Practice for Indicating Which Places of Figures             86.1105-87
  Are To Be Considered Significant In Specified 
  Limiting Values.
ASTM E29-90, Standard Practice for Using               86.1; 86.000-26; 
  Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine     86.000-28; 86.001-28; 
  Conformance with Specifications.                   86.609-96; 86.1009-
                                                        84; 86.1009-96; 
                                                                 86.1442
ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using           86.1803-01; 86.1823-
  Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine          01; 86.1824-01; 
  Conformance with Specification.                   86.1825-01; 86.1837-
                                                                      01
ASTM F29-93a, Standard Practice for Using           86.098-15; 86.004-15
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine 
[[Page 1220]]with Specifications.

International Organization for Standardization

  Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
ISO 9141-2, Road Vehicles--Diagnostic Systems Part 86.099-17; 86.1806-01
  2, February 1994.


Society of Automotive Engineers

  400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001; 
  Telephone: (724) 776-4841
SAE J1151, Methane Measurement Using Gas               86.111-94(b)(3); 
  Chromatography, Dec. 1991.                            86.1311-94(b)(2)
SAE J1349, Engine Power Test Code-Spark Ignition      86.094-8; 86.096-8
  and Compression Ignition-Net Power Rating.
SAE J1850, Class B Data Communication Network                  86.095-17
  Interface, August 1991.
SAE J1850, Class B Data Communication Network      86.099-17; 86.1806-01
  Interface, July 1995.
SAE J1877, Recommended Practice for Bar-Coded       86.094-35; 86.095-35
  Vehicle Identification Number Label, May 1988.
SAE J1877, Recommended Practice for Bar-Coded      86.095-35; 86.1806-01
  Vehicle Identification Number Label, July 1994.
SAE J1892, Recommenced Practice for Bar-Coded       86.094-35; 86.095-35
  Vehicle Emission Configuration Label, May 1988.
SAE J1892, Recommended Practice for Bar-Coded      86.095.35; 86.1806-01
  Vehicle Emission Configuration Label, October 
  1993.
SAE J1937, November 1989, Engine Testing with Low   86.1330-84; 86.1330-
  Temperature Charge Air Cooler Systems in a                          90
  Dynamometer Test Cell.
SAE J1962, Diagnostic Connector, June 1992........             86.094-17
SAE J1962, Diagnostic Connector, January 1995..... 86.099-17; 86.1806-01
SAE J1979, E/E Diagnostic Test Modes, December                 86.094-17
  1991.
SAE J1979, E/E Diagnostic Test Modes, July 1996... 86.099-17; 86.1806-01
SAE J2012, Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions,                86.094-17
  March 1992.
SAE J2012, Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions,    86.099-17; 86.1806-01
  July 1996.
SAE J2186, E/E Data Link Security, September 1991.             86.094-18


State of California

California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to        86.1; 86.096-8; 
  the Evaporative Emissions Program, January 4,      86.096-9; 86.096.10
  1995.
California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to      86.1; 86.1803-01; 
  the LEV II Program, including California Non-     86.1810-01; 86.1844-
  Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures, August 5,                      01
  1999.
California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to      86.1; 86.1806-01; 
  the LEV II Program, including California Exhaust  86.1811-04; 86.1844-
  Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2003                     01
and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 
[[Page 1221]]sequent Model Hybrid Electric 
  Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-duty Truck 
California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to       86.1; 86.113-04; 
  the National Low Emission Vehicle Program,         86.612-97; 86.1012-
  October 1996.                                         97; 86.1702-99; 
                                                    86.1708-99; 96.1709-
                                                        99; 86.1717-99; 
                                                    86.1735-99; 86.1771-
  and Medium-duty Vehicle Classes, August 5, 1989.      99; 86.1775-99; 
                                                    86.1776-99; 86.1777-
                                                      99; Appendix XVI; 
                                                           Appendix XVII



[[Page 1223]]



                    Table of CFR Titles and Chapters




                      (Revised as of June 23, 2000)

                      Title 1--General Provisions

         I  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 
                (Parts 1--49)
        II  Office of the Federal Register (Parts 50--299)
        IV  Miscellaneous Agencies (Parts 400--500)

                          Title 2--[Reserved]

                        Title 3--The President

         I  Executive Office of the President (Parts 100--199)

                           Title 4--Accounts

         I  General Accounting Office (Parts 1--99)
        II  Federal Claims Collection Standards (General 
                Accounting Office--Department of Justice) (Parts 
                100--299)

                   Title 5--Administrative Personnel

         I  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1--1199)
        II  Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  Office of Management and Budget (Parts 1300--1399)
         V  The International Organizations Employees Loyalty 
                Board (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
       VII  Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 
                (Parts 1700--1799)
      VIII  Office of Special Counsel (Parts 1800--1899)
        IX  Appalachian Regional Commission (Parts 1900--1999)
        XI  Armed Forces Retirement Home (Part 2100)
       XIV  Federal Labor Relations Authority, General Counsel of 
                the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Federal 
                Service Impasses Panel (Parts 2400--2499)
        XV  Office of Administration, Executive Office of the 
                President (Parts 2500--2599)
       XVI  Office of Government Ethics (Parts 2600--2699)
       XXI  Department of the Treasury (Parts 3100--3199)
      XXII  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Part 3201)

[[Page 1224]]

     XXIII  Department of Energy (Part 3301)
      XXIV  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Part 3401)
       XXV  Department of the Interior (Part 3501)
      XXVI  Department of Defense (Part 3601)
    XXVIII  Department of Justice (Part 3801)
      XXIX  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 3900--3999)
       XXX  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4099)
      XXXI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 4100--4199)
    XXXIII  Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Part 4301)
      XXXV  Office of Personnel Management (Part 4501)
        XL  Interstate Commerce Commission (Part 5001)
       XLI  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Part 5101)
      XLII  Department of Labor (Part 5201)
     XLIII  National Science Foundation (Part 5301)
       XLV  Department of Health and Human Services (Part 5501)
      XLVI  Postal Rate Commission (Part 5601)
     XLVII  Federal Trade Commission (Part 5701)
    XLVIII  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Part 5801)
         L  Department of Transportation (Part 6001)
       LII  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Part 6201)
      LIII  Department of Education (Parts 6300--6399)
       LIV  Environmental Protection Agency (Part 6401)
      LVII  General Services Administration (Part 6701)
     LVIII  Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Part 
                6801)
       LIX  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Part 
                6901)
        LX  United States Postal Service (Part 7001)
       LXI  National Labor Relations Board (Part 7101)
      LXII  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Part 7201)
     LXIII  Inter-American Foundation (Part 7301)
       LXV  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Part 
                7501)
      LXVI  National Archives and Records Administration (Part 
                7601)
      LXIX  Tennessee Valley Authority (Part 7901)
      LXXI  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Part 8101)
    LXXIII  Department of Agriculture (Part 8301)
     LXXIV  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (Part 
                8401)
     LXXVI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Part 8601)
    LXXVII  Office of Management and Budget (Part 8701)

                          Title 6--[Reserved]

                         Title 7--Agriculture

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Agriculture 
                (Parts 0--26)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of 
                Agriculture

[[Page 1225]]

         I  Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards, 
                Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 27--209)
        II  Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 210--299)
       III  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         V  Agricultural Research Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Farm Service Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                700--799)
      VIII  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 
                Administration (Federal Grain Inspection Service), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 900--999)
         X  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Milk), Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1000--1199)
        XI  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Miscellaneous Commodities), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Northeast Dairy Compact Commission (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Commodity Credit Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Rural Telephone Bank, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative 
                Service, Rural Utilities Service, and Farm Service 
                Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 1800--
                2099)
      XXVI  Office of Inspector General, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 2600--2699)
     XXVII  Office of Information Resources Management, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of Operations, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                2800--2899)
      XXIX  Office of Energy, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                2900--2999)
       XXX  Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3000--3099)
      XXXI  Office of Environmental Quality, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3100--3199)
     XXXII  Office of Procurement and Property Management, 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 3200--3299)

[[Page 1226]]

    XXXIII  Office of Transportation, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3300--3399)
     XXXIV  Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 3400--
                3499)
      XXXV  Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3500--3599)
     XXXVI  National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 3600--3699)
    XXXVII  Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3700--3799)
   XXXVIII  World Agricultural Outlook Board, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3800--3899)
       XLI  [Reserved]
      XLII  Rural Business-Cooperative Service and Rural Utilities 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 4200--
                4299)

                    Title 8--Aliens and Nationality

         I  Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1--599)

                 Title 9--Animals and Animal Products

         I  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1--199)
        II  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 
                Administration (Packers and Stockyards Programs), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--299)
       III  Food Safety and Inspection Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 300--599)

                           Title 10--Energy

         I  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Department of Energy (Parts 200--699)
       III  Department of Energy (Parts 700--999)
         X  Department of Energy (General Provisions) (Parts 
                1000--1099)
      XVII  Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Parts 1700--
                1799)
     XVIII  Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste 
                Commission (Part 1800)

                      Title 11--Federal Elections

         I  Federal Election Commission (Parts 1--9099)

                      Title 12--Banks and Banking

         I  Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1--199)

[[Page 1227]]

        II  Federal Reserve System (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 400--
                499)
         V  Office of Thrift Supervision, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Credit Union Administration (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Federal Financing Bank (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Federal Housing Finance Board (Parts 900--999)
        XI  Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XIV  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 1400--
                1499)
        XV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1500--1599)
      XVII  Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                1700--1799)
     XVIII  Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, 
                Department of the Treasury (Parts 1800--1899)

               Title 13--Business Credit and Assistance

         I  Small Business Administration (Parts 1--199)
       III  Economic Development Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board (Parts 400--499)
         V  Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board (Parts 
                500--599)

                    Title 14--Aeronautics and Space

         I  Federal Aviation Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--199)
        II  Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation 
                (Aviation Proceedings) (Parts 200--399)
       III  Commercial Space Transportation, Federal Aviation 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 400--499)
         V  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)

                 Title 15--Commerce and Foreign Trade

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Commerce (Parts 
                0--29)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Commerce and 
                Foreign Trade
         I  Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                30--199)
        II  National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)

[[Page 1228]]

        IV  Foreign-Trade Zones Board, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 400--499)
       VII  Bureau of Export Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 900--999)
        XI  Technology Administration, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
      XIII  East-West Foreign Trade Board (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Minority Business Development Agency (Parts 1400--
                1499)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade 
                Agreements
        XX  Office of the United States Trade Representative 
                (Parts 2000--2099)
            Subtitle D--Regulations Relating to Telecommunications 
                and Information
     XXIII  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                2300--2399)

                    Title 16--Commercial Practices

         I  Federal Trade Commission (Parts 0--999)
        II  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 1000--1799)

             Title 17--Commodity and Securities Exchanges

         I  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 1--199)
        II  Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 400--499)

          Title 18--Conservation of Power and Water Resources

         I  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of 
                Energy (Parts 1--399)
       III  Delaware River Basin Commission (Parts 400--499)
        VI  Water Resources Council (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Susquehanna River Basin Commission (Parts 800--899)
      XIII  Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 1300--1399)

                       Title 19--Customs Duties

         I  United States Customs Service, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1--199)
        II  United States International Trade Commission (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)

[[Page 1229]]

                     Title 20--Employees' Benefits

         I  Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Railroad Retirement Board (Parts 200--399)
       III  Social Security Administration (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 500--599)
         V  Employment and Training Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 600--699)
        VI  Employment Standards Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Benefits Review Board, Department of Labor (Parts 
                800--899)
      VIII  Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries (Parts 
                900--999)
        IX  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training, Department of Labor 
                (Parts 1000--1099)

                       Title 21--Food and Drugs

         I  Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1--1299)
        II  Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 1300--1399)
       III  Office of National Drug Control Policy (Parts 1400--
                1499)

                      Title 22--Foreign Relations

         I  Department of State (Parts 1--199)
        II  Agency for International Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Peace Corps (Parts 300--399)
        IV  International Joint Commission, United States and 
                Canada (Parts 400--499)
         V  Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 500--599)
       VII  Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Parts 700--
                799)
        IX  Foreign Service Grievance Board Regulations (Parts 
                900--999)
         X  Inter-American Foundation (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  International Boundary and Water Commission, United 
                States and Mexico, United States Section (Parts 
                1100--1199)
       XII  United States International Development Cooperation 
                Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Board for International Broadcasting (Parts 1300--
                1399)
       XIV  Foreign Service Labor Relations Board; Federal Labor 
                Relations Authority; General Counsel of the 
                Federal Labor Relations Authority; and the Foreign 
                Service Impasse Disputes Panel (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  African Development Foundation (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Japan-United States Friendship Commission (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  United States Institute of Peace (Parts 1700--1799)

[[Page 1230]]

                          Title 23--Highways

         I  Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--999)
        II  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and 
                Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 1300--1399)

                Title 24--Housing and Urban Development

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Housing and Urban Development (Parts 0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban 
                Development
         I  Office of Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                100--199)
        II  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Government National Mortgage Association, Department 
                of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Housing and Office of Multifamily Housing 
                Assistance Restructuring, Department of Housing 
                and Urban Development (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 600--699) [Reserved]
       VII  Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Housing Assistance Programs and 
                Public and Indian Housing Programs) (Parts 700--
                799)
      VIII  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Section 8 Housing Assistance 
                Programs, Section 202 Direct Loan Program, Section 
                202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program and 
                Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons With 
                Disabilities Program) (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian 
                Housing, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 900--999)
         X  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Interstate Land Sales 
                Registration Program) (Parts 1700--1799)
       XII  Office of Inspector General, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 2000--2099)
        XX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 3200--3899)
       XXV  Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (Parts 4100--
                4199)

[[Page 1231]]

                           Title 25--Indians

         I  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--299)
        II  Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 300--399)
       III  National Indian Gaming Commission, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 500--599)
        IV  Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation (Parts 
                700--799)
         V  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, 
                and Indian Health Service, Department of Health 
                and Human Services (Part 900)
        VI  Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs, 
                Department of the Interior (Part 1001)
       VII  Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians, 
                Department of the Interior (Part 1200)

                      Title 26--Internal Revenue

         I  Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 1--799)

           Title 27--Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms

         I  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 1--299)

                   Title 28--Judicial Administration

         I  Department of Justice (Parts 0--199)
       III  Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Department of Justice 
                (Parts 300--399)
         V  Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice (Parts 500--
                599)
        VI  Offices of Independent Counsel, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Independent Counsel (Parts 700--799)

                            Title 29--Labor

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor (Parts 
                0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Labor
         I  National Labor Relations Board (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Railroad Adjustment Board (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 400--499)
         V  Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor (Parts 
                500--899)
        IX  Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission 
                (Parts 900--999)
         X  National Mediation Board (Parts 1200--1299)

[[Page 1232]]

       XII  Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Parts 
                1400--1499)
       XIV  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 1600--
                1699)
      XVII  Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 
                Department of Labor (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2200--2499)
       XXV  Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, 
                Department of Labor (Parts 2500--2599)
     XXVII  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2700--2799)
        XL  Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4999)

                      Title 30--Mineral Resources

         I  Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Minerals Management Service, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 200--299)
       III  Board of Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Geological Survey, Department of the Interior (Parts 
                400--499)
        VI  Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior (Parts 
                600--699)
       VII  Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 700--999)

                 Title 31--Money and Finance: Treasury

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--50)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Money and Finance
         I  Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                51--199)
        II  Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                200--399)
        IV  Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of International Investment, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 800--899)

                      Title 32--National Defense

            Subtitle A--Department of Defense
         I  Office of the Secretary of Defense (Parts 1--399)
         V  Department of the Army (Parts 400--699)
        VI  Department of the Navy (Parts 700--799)

[[Page 1233]]

       VII  Department of the Air Force (Parts 800--1099)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to National 
                Defense
       XII  Defense Logistics Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
       XVI  Selective Service System (Parts 1600--1699)
     XVIII  National Counterintelligence Center (Parts 1800--1899)
       XIX  Central Intelligence Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Information Security Oversight Office, National 
                Archives and Records Administration (Parts 2000--
                2099)
       XXI  National Security Council (Parts 2100--2199)
      XXIV  Office of Science and Technology Policy (Parts 2400--
                2499)
     XXVII  Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations (Parts 
                2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of the Vice President of the United States 
                (Parts 2800--2899)

               Title 33--Navigation and Navigable Waters

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 1--
                199)
        II  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                200--399)
        IV  Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)

                          Title 34--Education

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Education (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Offices of the 
                Department of Education
         I  Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, 
                Department of Education (Parts 200--299)
       III  Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative 
                Services, Department of Education (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Vocational and Adult Education, Department 
                of Education (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 
                Affairs, Department of Education (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of 
                Education (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 
                Department of Education (Parts 700--799)
        XI  National Institute for Literacy (Parts 1100--1199)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Education
       XII  National Council on Disability (Parts 1200--1299)

                        Title 35--Panama Canal

         I  Panama Canal Regulations (Parts 1--299)

[[Page 1234]]

             Title 36--Parks, Forests, and Public Property

         I  National Park Service, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
        II  Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
                299)
       III  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  American Battle Monuments Commission (Parts 400--499)
         V  Smithsonian Institution (Parts 500--599)
       VII  Library of Congress (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Parts 800--
                899)
        IX  Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (Parts 
                900--999)
         X  Presidio Trust (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
                Board (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
       XIV  Assassination Records Review Board (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust (Part 1501)

             Title 37--Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

         I  Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 1--199)
        II  Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Parts 200--299)
        IV  Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, Department 
                of Commerce (Parts 400--499)
         V  Under Secretary for Technology, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 500--599)

           Title 38--Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief

         I  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 0--99)

                       Title 39--Postal Service

         I  United States Postal Service (Parts 1--999)
       III  Postal Rate Commission (Parts 3000--3099)

                  Title 40--Protection of Environment

         I  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1--799)
         V  Council on Environmental Quality (Parts 1500--1599)
       VII  Environmental Protection Agency and Department of 
                Defense; Uniform National Discharge Standards for 
                Vessels of the Armed Forces (Parts 1700--1799)

          Title 41--Public Contracts and Property Management

            Subtitle B--Other Provisions Relating to Public 
                Contracts
        50  Public Contracts, Department of Labor (Parts 50-1--50-
                999)

[[Page 1235]]

        51  Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or 
                Severely Disabled (Parts 51-1--51-99)
        60  Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal 
                Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Parts 
                60-1--60-999)
        61  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans 
                Employment and Training, Department of Labor 
                (Parts 61-1--61-999)
            Subtitle C--Federal Property Management Regulations 
                System
       101  Federal Property Management Regulations (Parts 101-1--
                101-99)
       102  Federal Management Regulation (Parts 102-1--102-299)
       105  General Services Administration (Parts 105-1--105-999)
       109  Department of Energy Property Management Regulations 
                (Parts 109-1--109-99)
       114  Department of the Interior (Parts 114-1--114-99)
       115  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 115-1--115-99)
       128  Department of Justice (Parts 128-1--128-99)
            Subtitle D--Other Provisions Relating to Property 
                Management [Reserved]
            Subtitle E--Federal Information Resources Management 
                Regulations System
       201  Federal Information Resources Management Regulation 
                (Parts 201-1--201-99) [Reserved]
            Subtitle F--Federal Travel Regulation System
       300  General (Parts 300-1--300.99)
       301  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances (Parts 301-1--
                301-99)
       302  Relocation Allowances (Parts 302-1--302-99)
       303  Payment of Expenses Connected with the Death of 
                Certain Employees (Part 303-70)
       304  Payment from a Non-Federal Source for Travel Expenses 
                (Parts 304-1--304-99)

                        Title 42--Public Health

         I  Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 1--199)
        IV  Health Care Financing Administration, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Inspector General-Health Care, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1000--1999)

                   Title 43--Public Lands: Interior

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Lands
         I  Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 200--499)
        II  Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1000--9999)

[[Page 1236]]

       III  Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation 
                Commission (Parts 10000--10005)

             Title 44--Emergency Management and Assistance

         I  Federal Emergency Management Agency (Parts 0--399)
        IV  Department of Commerce and Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 400--499)

                       Title 45--Public Welfare

            Subtitle A--Department of Health and Human Services 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Welfare
        II  Office of Family Assistance (Assistance Programs), 
                Administration for Children and Families, 
                Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  Office of Child Support Enforcement (Child Support 
                Enforcement Program), Administration for Children 
                and Families, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for 
                Children and Families Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United 
                States, Department of Justice (Parts 500--599)
        VI  National Science Foundation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 800--899)
         X  Office of Community Services, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                1200--1299)
      XIII  Office of Human Development Services, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1300--1399)
       XVI  Legal Services Corporation (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  National Commission on Libraries and Information 
                Science (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation (Parts 1800--
                1899)
       XXI  Commission on Fine Arts (Parts 2100--2199)
     XXIII  Arctic Research Commission (Part 2301)
      XXIV  James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (Parts 
                2400--2499)
       XXV  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                2500--2599)

[[Page 1237]]

                          Title 46--Shipping

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 1--
                199)
        II  Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 200--399)
       III  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage), Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Federal Maritime Commission (Parts 500--599)

                      Title 47--Telecommunication

         I  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Office of Science and Technology Policy and National 
                Security Council (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                300--399)

           Title 48--Federal Acquisition Regulations System

         1  Federal Acquisition Regulation (Parts 1--99)
         2  Department of Defense (Parts 200--299)
         3  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
                399)
         4  Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         5  General Services Administration (Parts 500--599)
         6  Department of State (Parts 600--699)
         7  United States Agency for International Development 
                (Parts 700--799)
         8  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
         9  Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
        10  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
        12  Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
        13  Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
        14  Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
        15  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
        16  Office of Personnel Management Federal Employees 
                Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                1600--1699)
        17  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1700--1799)
        18  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1800--1899)
        19  Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 1900--1999)
        20  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 2000--2099)
        21  Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees 
                Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation (Parts 2100--2199)
        23  Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
        24  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2400--2499)
        25  National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
        28  Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
        29  Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)

[[Page 1238]]

        34  Department of Education Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                3400--3499)
        35  Panama Canal Commission (Parts 3500--3599)
        44  Federal Emergency Management Agency (Parts 4400--4499)
        51  Department of the Army Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5100--5199)
        52  Department of the Navy Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5200--5299)
        53  Department of the Air Force Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation Supplement (Parts 5300--5399)
        54  Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense (Part 
                5452)
        57  African Development Foundation (Parts 5700--5799)
        61  General Services Administration Board of Contract 
                Appeals (Parts 6100--6199)
        63  Department of Transportation Board of Contract Appeals 
                (Parts 6300--6399)
        99  Cost Accounting Standards Board, Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, Office of Management and 
                Budget (Parts 9900--9999)

                       Title 49--Transportation

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Transportation 
                (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to 
                Transportation
         I  Research and Special Programs Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 100--199)
        II  Federal Railroad Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 400--
                499)
         V  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Federal Transit Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 
                (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  National Transportation Safety Board (Parts 800--999)
         X  Surface Transportation Board, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1000--1399)
        XI  Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1400--1499)

                   Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries

         I  United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of 
                the Interior (Parts 1--199)

[[Page 1239]]

        II  National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Fishing and Related Activities (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife 
                Service, Department of the Interior and National 
                Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce); Endangered Species Committee 
                Regulations (Parts 400--499)
         V  Marine Mammal Commission (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 600--699)

                      CFR Index and Finding Aids

            Subject/Agency Index
            List of Agency Prepared Indexes
            Parallel Tables of Statutory Authorities and Rules
            List of CFR Titles, Chapters, Subchapters, and Parts
            Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR



[[Page 1241]]





           Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR




                      (Revised as of June 23, 2000)

                                                  CFR Title, Subtitle or 
                     Agency                               Chapter

Administrative Committee of the Federal Register  1, I
Advanced Research Projects Agency                 32, I
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental          5, VII
     Relations
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation         36, VIII
African Development Foundation                    22, XV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 57
Agency for International Development, United      22, II
     States
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
Agricultural Marketing Service                    7, I, IX, X, XI
Agricultural Research Service                     7, V
Agriculture Department                            5, LXXIII
  Agricultural Marketing Service                  7, I, IX, X, XI
  Agricultural Research Service                   7, V
  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service      7, III; 9, I
  Chief Financial Officer, Office of              7, XXX
  Commodity Credit Corporation                    7, XIV
  Cooperative State Research, Education, and      7, XXXIV
       Extension Service
  Economic Research Service                       7, XXXVII
  Energy, Office of                               7, XXIX
  Environmental Quality, Office of                7, XXXI
  Farm Service Agency                             7, VII, XVIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 4
  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation              7, IV
  Food and Nutrition Service                      7, II
  Food Safety and Inspection Service              9, III
  Foreign Agricultural Service                    7, XV
  Forest Service                                  36, II
  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards        7, VIII; 9, II
       Administration
  Information Resources Management, Office of     7, XXVII
  Inspector General, Office of                    7, XXVI
  National Agricultural Library                   7, XLI
  National Agricultural Statistics Service        7, XXXVI
  Natural Resources Conservation Service          7, VI
  Operations, Office of                           7, XXVIII
  Procurement and Property Management, Office of  7, XXXII
  Rural Business-Cooperative Service              7, XVIII, XLII
  Rural Development Administration                7, XLII
  Rural Housing Service                           7, XVIII, XXXV
  Rural Telephone Bank                            7, XVI
  Rural Utilities Service                         7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
  Secretary of Agriculture, Office of             7, Subtitle A
  Transportation, Office of                       7, XXXIII
  World Agricultural Outlook Board                7, XXXVIII
Air Force Department                              32, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement       48, 53
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of          27, I
AMTRAK                                            49, VII
American Battle Monuments Commission              36, IV
American Indians, Office of the Special Trustee   25, VII
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service        7, III; 9, I
Appalachian Regional Commission                   5, IX
Architectural and Transportation Barriers         36, XI
   Compliance Board
[[Page 1242]]

Arctic Research Commission                        45, XXIII
Armed Forces Retirement Home                      5, XI
Army Department                                   32, V
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 51
Assassination Records Review Board                36, XIV
Benefits Review Board                             20, VII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages        34, V
     Affairs, Office of
Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for         41, 51
     Purchase From People Who Are
Board for International Broadcasting              22, XIII
Broadcasting Board of Governors                   22, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 19
Census Bureau                                     15, I
Central Intelligence Agency                       32, XIX
Chief Financial Officer, Office of                7, XXX
Child Support Enforcement, Office of              45, III
Children and Families, Administration for         45, II, III, IV, X
Civil Rights, Commission on                       45, VII
Civil Rights, Office for                          34, I
Coast Guard                                       33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)                46, III
Commerce Department                               44, IV
  Census Bureau                                   15, I
  Economic Affairs, Under Secretary               37, V
  Economic Analysis, Bureau of                    15, VIII
  Economic Development Administration             13, III
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Export Administration, Bureau of                15, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 13
  Fishery Conservation and Management             50, VI
  Foreign-Trade Zones Board                       15, IV
  International Trade Administration              15, III; 19, III
  National Institute of Standards and Technology  15, II
  National Marine Fisheries Service               50, II, IV, VI
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric                15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
       Administration                             VI
  National Telecommunications and Information     15, XXIII; 47, III
       Administration
  National Weather Service                        15, IX
  Patent and Trademark Office                     37, I
  Productivity, Technology and Innovation,        37, IV
       Assistant Secretary for
  Secretary of Commerce, Office of                15, Subtitle A
  Technology, Under Secretary for                 37, V
  Technology Administration                       15, XI
  Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for      37, IV
Commercial Space Transportation                   14, III
Commodity Credit Corporation                      7, XIV
Commodity Futures Trading Commission              5, XLI; 17, I
Community Planning and Development, Office of     24, V, VI
     Assistant Secretary for
Community Services, Office of                     45, X
Comptroller of the Currency                       12, I
Construction Industry Collective Bargaining       29, IX
     Commission
Consumer Product Safety Commission                5, LXXI; 16, II
Cooperative State Research, Education, and        7, XXXIV
     Extension Service
Copyright Office                                  37, II
Corporation for National and Community Service    45, XII, XXV
Cost Accounting Standards Board                   48, 99
Council on Environmental Quality                  40, V
Customs Service, United States                    19, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Department                                5, XXVI; 32, Subtitle A; 
                                                  40, VII
  Advanced Research Projects Agency               32, I
  Air Force Department                            32, VII

[[Page 1243]]

  Army Department                                 32, V; 33, II; 36, III, 
                                                  48, 51
  Defense Intelligence Agency                     32, I
  Defense Logistics Agency                        32, I, XII; 48, 54
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 2
  National Imagery and Mapping Agency             32, I
  Navy Department                                 32, VI; 48, 52
  Secretary of Defense, Office of                 32, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Intelligence Agency                       32, I
Defense Logistics Agency                          32, XII; 48, 54
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board           10, XVII
Delaware River Basin Commission                   18, III
Drug Enforcement Administration                   21, II
East-West Foreign Trade Board                     15, XIII
Economic Affairs, Under Secretary                 37, V
Economic Analysis, Bureau of                      15, VIII
Economic Development Administration               13, III
Economic Research Service                         7, XXXVII
Education, Department of                          5, LIII
  Bilingual Education and Minority Languages      34, V
       Affairs, Office of
  Civil Rights, Office for                        34, I
  Educational Research and Improvement, Office    34, VII
       of
  Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of   34, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 34
  Postsecondary Education, Office of              34, VI
  Secretary of Education, Office of               34, Subtitle A
  Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,  34, III
       Office of
  Vocational and Adult Education, Office of       34, IV
Educational Research and Improvement, Office of   34, VII
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of     34, II
Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board       13, V
Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board              13, IV
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board             20, IV
Employees Loyalty Board                           5, V
Employment and Training Administration            20, V
Employment Standards Administration               20, VI
Endangered Species Committee                      50, IV
Energy, Department of                             5, XXIII; 10, II, III, X
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 9
  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission            5, XXIV; 18, I
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 109
Energy, Office of                                 7, XXIX
Engineers, Corps of                               33, II; 36, III
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of                 31, VI
Environmental Protection Agency                   5, LIV; 40, I, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 15
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 115
Environmental Quality, Office of                  7, XXXI
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission           5, LXII; 29, XIV
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary  24, I
     for
Executive Office of the President                 3, I
  Administration, Office of                       5, XV
  Environmental Quality, Council on               40, V
  Management and Budget, Office of                25, III, LXXVII; 48, 99
  National Drug Control Policy, Office of         21, III
  National Security Council                       32, XXI; 47, 2
  Presidential Documents                          3
  Science and Technology Policy, Office of        32, XXIV; 47, II
  Trade Representative, Office of the United      15, XX
       States
Export Administration, Bureau of                  15, VII
Export-Import Bank of the United States           5, LII; 12, IV
Family Assistance, Office of                      45, II
Farm Credit Administration                        5, XXXI; 12, VI
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation          5, XXX; 12, XIV

[[Page 1244]]

Farm Service Agency                               7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation                    48, 1
Federal Aviation Administration                   14, I
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
Federal Claims Collection Standards               4, II
Federal Communications Commission                 5, XXIX; 47, I
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of   41, 60
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation                7, IV
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation             5, XXII; 12, III
Federal Election Commission                       11, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency               44, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 44
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal    48, 21
     Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition     48, 16
     Regulation
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission              5, XXIV; 18, I
Federal Financial Institutions Examination        12, XI
     Council
Federal Financing Bank                            12, VIII
Federal Highway Administration                    23, I, II
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation            1, IV
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office       12, XVII
Federal Housing Finance Board                     12, IX
Federal Labor Relations Authority, and General    5, XIV; 22, XIV
     Counsel of the Federal Labor Relations 
     Authority
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center           31, VII
Federal Management Regulation                     41, 102
Federal Maritime Commission                       46, IV
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service        29, XII
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission  5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration       49, III
Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                   28, III
Federal Procurement Policy Office                 48, 99
Federal Property Management Regulations           41, 101
Federal Railroad Administration                   49, II
Federal Register, Administrative Committee of     1, I
Federal Register, Office of                       1, II
Federal Reserve System                            12, II
  Board of Governors                              5, LVIII
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board        5, VI, LXXVI
Federal Service Impasses Panel                    5, XIV
Federal Trade Commission                          5, XLVII; 16, I
Federal Transit Administration                    49, VI
Federal Travel Regulation System                  41, Subtitle F
Fine Arts, Commission on                          45, XXI
Fiscal Service                                    31, II
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States          50, I, IV
Fishery Conservation and Management               50, VI
Food and Drug Administration                      21, I
Food and Nutrition Service                        7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service                9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service                      7, XV
Foreign Assets Control, Office of                 31, V
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the       45, V
     United States
Foreign Service Grievance Board                   22, IX
Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel            22, XIV
Foreign Service Labor Relations Board             22, XIV
Foreign-Trade Zones Board                         15, IV
Forest Service                                    36, II
General Accounting Office                         4, I, II
General Services Administration                   5, LVII; 41, 105
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 61
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 5
  Federal Management Regulation                   41, 102
  Federal Property Management Regulations         41, 101
  Federal Travel Regulation System                41, Subtitle F
  General                                         41, 300
  Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel    41, 304
     Expenses
[[Page 1245]]

  Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death    41, 303
       of Certain Employees
  Relocation Allowances                           41, 302
  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances          41, 301
Geological Survey                                 30, IV
Government Ethics, Office of                      5, XVI
Government National Mortgage Association          24, III
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards          7, VIII; 9, II
     Administration
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation            45, XVIII
Health and Human Services, Department of          5, XLV; 45, Subtitle A
  Child Support Enforcement, Office of            45, III
  Children and Families, Administration for       45, II, III, IV, X
  Community Services, Office of                   45, X
  Family Assistance, Office of                    45, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 3
  Food and Drug Administration                    21, I
  Health Care Financing Administration            42, IV
  Human Development Services, Office of           45, XIII
  Indian Health Service                           25, V
  Inspector General (Health Care), Office of      42, V
  Public Health Service                           42, I
  Refugee Resettlement, Office of                 45, IV
Health Care Financing Administration              42, IV
Housing and Urban Development, Department of      5, LXV; 24, Subtitle B
  Community Planning and Development, Office of   24, V, VI
       Assistant Secretary for
  Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant          24, I
       Secretary for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 24
  Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office    12, XVII
       of
  Government National Mortgage Association        24, III
  Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office   24, II, VIII, X, XX
       of Assistant Secretary for
  Inspector General, Office of                    24, XII
  Multifamily Housing Assistance Restructuring,   24, IV
       Office of
  Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant  24, IX
       Secretary for
  Secretary, Office of                            24, Subtitle A, VII
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of  24, II, VIII, X, XX
     Assistant Secretary for
Human Development Services, Office of             45, XIII
Immigration and Naturalization Service            8, I
Independent Counsel, Office of                    28, VII
Indian Affairs, Bureau of                         25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant           25, VI
     Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board                      25, II
Indian Health Service                             25, V
Information Resources Management, Office of       7, XXVII
Information Security Oversight Office, National   32, XX
     Archives and Records Administration
Inspector General
  Agriculture Department                          7, XXVI
  Health and Human Services Department            42, V
  Housing and Urban Development Department        24, XII
Institute of Peace, United States                 22, XVII
Inter-American Foundation                         5, LXIII; 22, X
Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission  5, VII
     on
Interior Department
  American Indians, Office of the Special         25, VII
       Trustee
  Endangered Species Committee                    50, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 14
  Federal Property Management Regulations System  41, 114
  Fish and Wildlife Service, United States        50, I, IV
  Geological Survey                               30, IV
  Indian Affairs, Bureau of                       25, I, V
  Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant         25, VI
       Secretary
  Indian Arts and Crafts Board                    25, II
  Land Management, Bureau of                      43, II
  Minerals Management Service                     30, II

[[Page 1246]]

  Mines, Bureau of                                30, VI
  National Indian Gaming Commission               25, III
  National Park Service                           36, I
  Reclamation, Bureau of                          43, I
  Secretary of the Interior, Office of            43, Subtitle A
  Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board   30, III
       of
  Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,     30, VII
       Office of
Internal Revenue Service                          26, I
International Boundary and Water Commission,      22, XI
     United States and Mexico, United States 
     Section
International Development, United States Agency   22, II
     for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
International Development Cooperation Agency,     22, XII
     United States
International Fishing and Related Activities      50, III
International Investment, Office of               31, VIII
International Joint Commission, United States     22, IV
     and Canada
International Organizations Employees Loyalty     5, V
     Board
International Trade Administration                15, III; 19, III
International Trade Commission, United States     19, II
Interstate Commerce Commission                    5, XL
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation      45, XXIV
Japan-United States Friendship Commission         22, XVI
Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries       20, VIII
Justice Department                                5, XXVIII; 28, I
  Drug Enforcement Administration                 21, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 28
  Federal Claims Collection Standards             4, II
  Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                 28, III
  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the     45, V
       United States
  Immigration and Naturalization Service          8, I
  Offices of Independent Counsel                  28, VI
  Prisons, Bureau of                              28, V
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 128
Labor Department                                  5, XLII
  Benefits Review Board                           20, VII
  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board           20, IV
  Employment and Training Administration          20, V
  Employment Standards Administration             20, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 29
  Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office    41, 60
       of
  Federal Procurement Regulations System          41, 50
  Labor-Management Standards, Office of           29, II, IV
  Mine Safety and Health Administration           30, I
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration   29, XVII
  Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration     29, XXV
  Public Contracts                                41, 50
  Secretary of Labor, Office of                   29, Subtitle A
  Veterans' Employment and Training, Office of    41, 61; 20, IX
       the Assistant Secretary for
  Wage and Hour Division                          29, V
  Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of       20, I
Labor-Management Standards, Office of             29, II, IV
Land Management, Bureau of                        43, II
Legal Services Corporation                        45, XVI
Library of Congress                               36, VII
  Copyright Office                                37, II
Management and Budget, Office of                  5, III, LXXVII; 48, 99
Marine Mammal Commission                          50, V
Maritime Administration                           46, II
Merit Systems Protection Board                    5, II
Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for       32, XXVII
Mine Safety and Health Administration             30, I
Minerals Management Service                       30, II
Mines, Bureau of                                  30, VI
Minority Business Development Agency              15, XIV

[[Page 1247]]

Miscellaneous Agencies                            1, IV
Monetary Offices                                  31, I
Multifamily Housing Assistance Restructuring,     24, IV
     Office of
National Aeronautics and Space Administration     5, LIX; 14, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 18
National Agricultural Library                     7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service          7, XXXVI
National and Community Service, Corporation for   45, XII, XXV
National Archives and Records Administration      5, LXVI; 36, XII
  Information Security Oversight Office           32, XX
National Bureau of Standards                      15, II
National Capital Planning Commission              1, IV
National Commission for Employment Policy         1, IV
National Commission on Libraries and Information  45, XVII
     Science
National Council on Disability                    34, XII
National Counterintelligence Center               32, XVIII
National Credit Union Administration              12, VII
National Drug Control Policy, Office of           21, III
National Foundation on the Arts and the           45, XI
     Humanities
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration    23, II, III; 49, V
National Imagery and Mapping Agency               32, I
National Indian Gaming Commission                 25, III
National Institute for Literacy                   34, XI
National Institute of Standards and Technology    15, II
National Labor Relations Board                    5, LXI; 29, I
National Marine Fisheries Service                 50, II, IV, VI
National Mediation Board                          29, X
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration   15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
                                                  VI
National Park Service                             36, I
National Railroad Adjustment Board                29, III
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)  49, VII
National Science Foundation                       5, XLIII; 45, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 25
National Security Council                         32, XXI
National Security Council and Office of Science   47, II
     and Technology Policy
National Telecommunications and Information       15, XXIII; 47, III
     Administration
National Transportation Safety Board              49, VIII
National Weather Service                          15, IX
Natural Resources Conservation Service            7, VI
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of      25, IV
Navy Department                                   32, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 52
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation             24, XXV
Northeast Dairy Compact Commission                7, XIII
Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste  10, XVIII
     Commission
Nuclear Regulatory Commission                     5, XLVIII; 10, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 20
Occupational Safety and Health Administration     29, XVII
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission  29, XX
Offices of Independent Counsel                    28, VI
Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust             36, XV
Operations Office                                 7, XXVIII
Overseas Private Investment Corporation           5, XXXIII; 22, VII
Panama Canal Commission                           48, 35
Panama Canal Regulations                          35, I
Patent and Trademark Office                       37, I
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel      41, 304
     Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of   41, 303
     Certain Employees
Peace Corps                                       22, III
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation       36, IX
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration       29, XXV
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation              29, XL
Personnel Management, Office of                   5, I, XXXV; 45, VIII

[[Page 1248]]

  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 17
  Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal  48, 21
       Acquisition Regulation
  Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition   48, 16
       Regulation
Postal Rate Commission                            5, XLVI; 39, III
Postal Service, United States                     5, LX; 39, I
Postsecondary Education, Office of                34, VI
President's Commission on White House             1, IV
     Fellowships
Presidential Documents                            3
Presidio Trust                                    36, X
Prisons, Bureau of                                28, V
Procurement and Property Management, Office of    7, XXXII
Productivity, Technology and Innovation,          37, IV
     Assistant Secretary
Public Contracts, Department of Labor             41, 50
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant    24, IX
     Secretary for
Public Health Service                             42, I
Railroad Retirement Board                         20, II
Reclamation, Bureau of                            43, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of                   45, IV
Regional Action Planning Commissions              13, V
Relocation Allowances                             41, 302
Research and Special Programs Administration      49, I
Rural Business-Cooperative Service                7, XVIII, XLII
Rural Development Administration                  7, XLII
Rural Housing Service                             7, XVIII, XXXV
Rural Telephone Bank                              7, XVI
Rural Utilities Service                           7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation     33, IV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of          32, XXIV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of, and     47, II
     National Security Council
Secret Service                                    31, IV
Securities and Exchange Commission                17, II
Selective Service System                          32, XVI
Small Business Administration                     13, I
Smithsonian Institution                           36, V
Social Security Administration                    20, III; 48, 23
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, United States        5, XI
Special Counsel, Office of                        5, VIII
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,    34, III
     Office of
State Department                                  22, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 6
Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board of  30, III
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,       30, VII
     Office of
Surface Transportation Board                      49, X
Susquehanna River Basin Commission                18, VIII
Technology Administration                         15, XI
Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for        37, IV
Technology, Under Secretary for                   37, V
Tennessee Valley Authority                        5, LXIX; 18, XIII
Thrift Supervision Office, Department of the      12, V
     Treasury
Trade Representative, United States, Office of    15, XX
Transportation, Department of                     5, L
  Coast Guard                                     33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)              46, III
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 63
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 12
  Federal Aviation Administration                 14, I
  Federal Highway Administration                  23, I, II
  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration     49, III
  Federal Railroad Administration                 49, II
  Federal Transit Administration                  49, VI
  Maritime Administration                         46, II
  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration  23, II, III; 49, V

[[Page 1249]]

  Research and Special Programs Administration    49, I
  Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation   33, IV
  Secretary of Transportation, Office of          14, II; 49, Subtitle A
  Surface Transportation Board                    49, X
  Transportation Statistics Bureau                49, XI
Transportation, Office of                         7, XXXIII
Transportation Statistics Brureau                 49, XI
Travel Allowances, Temporary Duty (TDY)           41, 301
Treasury Department                               5, XXI; 12, XV; 17, IV
  Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of        27, I
  Community Development Financial Institutions    12, XVIII
       Fund
  Comptroller of the Currency                     12, I
  Customs Service, United States                  19, I
  Engraving and Printing, Bureau of               31, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 10
  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center         31, VII
  Fiscal Service                                  31, II
  Foreign Assets Control, Office of               31, V
  Internal Revenue Service                        26, I
  International Investment, Office of             31, VIII
  Monetary Offices                                31, I
  Secret Service                                  31, IV
  Secretary of the Treasury, Office of            31, Subtitle A
  Thrift Supervision, Office of                   12, V
Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation           45, XVIII
United States and Canada, International Joint     22, IV
     Commission
United States and Mexico, International Boundary  22, XI
     and Water Commission, United States Section
Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation      43, III
     Commission
Veterans Affairs Department                       38, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 8
Veterans' Employment and Training, Office of the  41, 61; 20, IX
     Assistant Secretary for
Vice President of the United States, Office of    32, XXVIII
Vocational and Adult Education, Office of         34, IV
Wage and Hour Division                            29, V
Water Resources Council                           18, VI
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of         20, I
World Agricultural Outlook Board                  7, XXXVIII

[[Page 1251]]



List of CFR Sections Affected



All changes in this volume of the Code of Federal Regulations which were 
made by documents published in the Federal Register since January 1, 
1986, are enumerated in the following list. Entries indicate the nature 
of the changes effected. Page numbers refer to Federal Register pages. 
The user should consult the entries for chapters and parts as well as 
sections for revisions.
Title 40 was established at 36 FR 12213, June 29, 1971. For the period 
before January 1, 1986, see the ``List of CFR Sections Affected, 1964-
1972 and 1973-1985 '' published in six separate volumes.

                                  1986

40 CFR
                                                                   51 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.081-8  Added....................................................24326
86.082-8  Added....................................................24327
86.084-26  (a)(6)(iii) and (d)(2)(ii) revised; interim.............24609
86.085-1  (b) revised; interim.....................................24608
86.085-22  (e)(1)(i) revised; interim..............................24608
86.085-25  (a)(10) revised; interim................................24608
86.085-28  (b)(4)(iv) and (c)(4)(iv) revised; interim..............24609
86.087-9  (a)(1)(i) revised; interim...............................24608
86.087-25  (g)(2) revised; interim.................................24608
86.087-28  (b)(4)(iv) and (c)(4)(iv) revised; interim..............24609
86.087-38  (b) and (e) revised; interim............................24610
86.088-9  (a)(1)(i) and (iii)(C) revised; interim..................24608
86.088-25  (b)(1) and (g)(2) revised; interim......................24609
86.088-28  (b)(4)(iv) and (c)(4)(iv) revised; interim..............24609
86.091-28  (b)(4)(iv) and (c)(4)(iv) revised; interim..............24609
86.113-87  Added; interim..........................................24610
86.513-87  Added; interim..........................................24611
86.609  (a) revised; interim.......................................24611
86.1213-87  Added; interim.........................................24611
86.1310-88  (b)(6)(ii)(E) revised; (b)(6)(ii)(G) and (H) removed; 
        (b)(6)(ii)(I) redesignated as (b)(6)(ii)(G) and revised; 
        interim....................................................24611
86.1313-87  Added; interim.........................................24612
86.1342-84  (c)(3) and (d)(3) revised; interim.....................24612
86.1513-87  Added; interim.........................................24613
86.1544-84  (a) revised; interim...................................24613

                                  1987

40 CFR
                                                                   52 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.084-14  (c)(7)(i)(A)(3) and (11)(ii)(B)(13) revised.............47863
86.084-26  (a)(4)(iii) removed; (a)(4) (i) and (ii) revised........47863
86.085-2  Amended..................................................47863
86.085-21  (b) (7) and (8) added...................................47863
86.087-8  (a)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) revised................47863
86.087-9  (a)(1)(iv) and (d)(1)(iii) revised.......................47864
86.087-21  (b) (7) and (8) added...................................47864
86.088-9  (a)(1)(iii) and (d)(1)(iii) revised......................47864
86.088-10  Heading and (a)(1)(i)(C) and (ii)(C) revised............47864
86.088-11  (a)(1)(iii) revised.....................................47864
86.088-21  (b) (7) and (8) added...................................47864
86.088-35  (a)(2) heading and (iii)(E) and (d) revised.............47864
86.090-9  Added....................................................47865

[[Page 1252]]

80.090-10  Added...................................................47867
86.090-11  Added...................................................47867
86.091-21  (b)(1)(ii) (A) introductory text and (B), (5) (i) and 
        (ii) and (6) revised; (b)(5) (iii) and (iv) and (7) added; 
        (b)(4)(iii) removed........................................47867
86.110-82  (c)(3) revised..........................................47868
86.112-82  (a)(3) revised; (a) (4), (5), and (6) added.............47868
86.118-78  (c) revised.............................................47868
86.123-78  (a)(11) revised.........................................47869
86.132-82  (a)(3) revised; (a)(4) added............................47869
86.139-82  (d) revised.............................................47869
86.332-79  (b)(11) revised.........................................47869
86.513-87  (a) revised.............................................47869
86.523-78  (a)(11) revised.........................................47870
86.884-7  (a)(1), (2)(v), and (3) (i) and (ii) revised.............47870
86.884-12  (a) and (c)(9)(iv) and (11) revised.....................47870
86.1105-87  (b) introductory text, (1) introductory text, and (2) 
        introductory text revised..................................47870
86.1308-84  (e)(2)(iii) revised....................................47870
86.1310-88  (b)(1)(iv)(A), (3)(v)(D), and (6)(ii)(C) revised.......47870
86.1312-88  (a)(3) revised; (a) (4) through (8) added..............47871
86.1313-87  (a)(1) revised.........................................47871
86.1319-84  (c)(7)(iv) and (e)(2) revised..........................47871
86.1320-88  (a) (1), (3), (5), and (6) revised; (a)(7) added.......47872
86.1321-84  (a)(3) (i) and (ii) revised............................47872
86.1327-84  (f)(2)(iii) revised....................................47872
86.1327-88  (f)(2)(i)(E) revised...................................47872
86.1330-84  (b)(1) and (f) revised.................................47872
86.1332-84  (c) (1) and (2) and (e)(1)(i) revised..................47872
86.1333-84  (a) introductory text, (b), (d), revised; (a)(3) added
                                                                   47873
86.1334-84  (a)(2) revised.........................................47874
86.1335-84  (e)(1) revised.........................................47874
86.1336-84  Heading revised; (d) redesignated as (e) and revised; 
        new (d) added..............................................47874
86.1337-84  (a) (10) and (11) revised..............................47874
86.1337-88  (a)(10) revised........................................47874
86.1338-84  (a)(1) revised.........................................47874
86.1339-88  (a), (g), and (h)(2) revised...........................47874
86.1341-84  Revised................................................47874
86.1342-84  (c)(3) correctly revised; (d)(5) revised...............47876
86.1343-88  (b)(8) revised.........................................47876
86  Appendix I amended.............................................47876

                                  1988

40 CFR
                                                                   53 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Public workshop.................................................3893
    Authority citation revised..............................19134, 43875
86.087-2  Added....................................................43875
86.087-9  (a)(1)(iv) revised; (d)(1)(iv) added.....................43876
86.088-9  (a)(1)(iv) and (d)(1)(iv) revised........................43876
86.090-25  Added.....................................................471
86.091-9  Added....................................................43876
86.113-90  Added.....................................................475
86.118-78  (c) revised...............................................475
86.513-90  Added.....................................................476
86.1105-87  (a) removed; (c) redesignated as (d); new (c) added....43878
86.1113-87  (a)(4), (g)(1) and (3)(i), and (h) revised.............19134
86.1213-90  Added....................................................476
86.1313-90  Added....................................................476
86.1513-90  Added....................................................478

                                  1989

40 CFR
                                                                   54 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Authority citation revised.....................................14455
86.090-1  Added....................................................14459
86.090-2  Added....................................................14459
86.090-3  Added....................................................14460
86.090-5  Added....................................................14460
86.090-8  Added....................................................14461
86.090-9  (a)(1), (b), (d), (e), and (g)(2) revised................14462
86.090-10  Heading, (a) (1) and (3), (b) and (c) revised...........14463
86.090-11  (a)(1) and (c) revised; (b) (3) and (4) added...........14465
86.090-14  Added...................................................14466
86.090-21  Added...................................................14468
86.090-22  Added...................................................14470
86.090-23  Adde interim............................................24611
86.609  (a) revised; interim.......................................24611
86.1213-87  Added; interim.........................................24611

[[Page 1253]]

86.1310-88  (b)(6)(ii)(E) revised; (b)(6)(ii)(G) and (H) removed; 
        (b)(6)(ii)(I) redesignated as (b)(6)(ii)(G) and revised; 
        interim....................................................24611
86.1313-87  Added; interim.........................................24612
86.1342-84  (c)(3) and (d)(3) revised; interim.....................24612
86.1513-87  Added; interim.........................................24613
86.1544-84  (a) revised; interim...................................24613

                                  1987

40 CFR
                                                                   52 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.084-14  (c)(7)(i)(A)(3) and (11)(ii)(B)(13) revised.............47863
86.084-26  (a)(4)(iii) removed; (a)(4) (i) and (ii) revised........47863
86.085-2  Amended..................................................47863
86.085-21  (b) (7) and (8) added...................................47863
86.087-8  (a)(1) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) revised................47863
86.087-9  (a)(1)(iv) and (d)(1)(iii) revised.......................47864
86.087-21  (b) (7) and (8) added...................................47864
86.088-9  (a)(1)(iii) and (d)(1)(iii) revised......................47864
86.088-10  Heading and (a)(1)(i)(C) and (ii)(C) revised............47864
86.088-11  (a)(1)(iii) revised.....................................47864
86.088-21  (b) (7) and (8) added...................................47864
86.088-35  (a)(2) heading and (iii)(E) and (d) revised.............47864
86.090-9  Added....................................................47865
80.090-10  Added...................................................47867
86.090-11  Added...................................................47867
86.091-21  (b)(1)(ii) (A) introductory text and (B), (5) (i) and 
        (ii) and (6) revised; (b)(5) (iii) and (iv) and (7) added; 
        (b)(4)(iii) removed........................................47867
86.110-82  (c)(3) revised..........................................47868
86.112-82  (a)(3) revised; (a) (4), (5), and (6) added.............47868
86.118-78  (c) revised.............................................47868
86.123-78  (a)(11) revised.........................................47869
86.132-82  (a)(3) revised; (a)(4) added............................47869
86.139-82  (d) revised.............................................47869
86.332-79  (b)(11) revised.........................................47869
86.513-87  (a) revised.............................................47869
86.523-78  (a)(11) revised.........................................47870
86.884-7  (a)(1), (2)(v), and (3) (i) and (ii) revised.............47870
86.884-12  (a) and (c)(9)(iv) and (11) revised.....................47870
86.1105-87  (b) introductory text, (1) introductory text, and (2) 
        introductory text revised..................................47870
86.1308-84  (e)(2)(iii) revised....................................47870
86.1310-88  (b)(1)(iv)(A), (3)(v)(D), and (6)(ii)(C) revised.......47870
86.1312-88  (a)(3) revised; (a) (4) through (8) added..............47871
86.1313-87  (a)(1) revised.........................................47871
86.1319-84  (c)(7)(iv) and (e)(2) revised..........................47871
86.1320-88  (a) (1), (3), (5), and (6) revised; (a)(7) added.......47872
86.1321-84  (a)(3) (i) and (ii) revised............................47872
86.1327-84  (f)(2)(iii) revised....................................47872
86.1327-88  (f)(2)(i)(E) revised...................................47872
86.1330-84  (b)(1) and (f) revised.................................47872
86.1332-84  (c) (1) and (2) and (e)(1)(i) revised..................47872
86.1333-84  (a) introductory text, (b), (d), revised; (a)(3) added
                                                                   47873
86.1334-84  (a)(2) revised.........................................47874
86.1335-84  (e)(1) revised.........................................47874
86.1336-84  Heading revised; (d) redesignated as (e) and revised; 
        new (d) added..............................................47874
86.1337-84  (a) (10) and (11) revised..............................47874
86.1337-88  (a)(10) revised........................................47874
86.1338-84  (a)(1) revised.........................................47874
86.1339-88  (a), (g), and (h)(2) revised...........................47874
86.1341-84  Revised................................................47874
86.1342-84  (c)(3) correctly revised; (d)(5) revised...............47876
86.1343-88  (b)(8) revised.........................................47876
86  Appendix I amended.............................................47876

                                  1988

40 CFR
                                                                   53 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Public workshop.................................................3893
    Authority citation revised..............................19134, 43875
86.087-2  Added....................................................43875
86.087-9  (a)(1)(iv) revised; (d)(1)(iv) added.....................43876
86.088-9  (a)(1)(iv) and (d)(1)(iv) revised........................43876
86.090-25  Added.....................................................471
86.091-9  Added....................................................43876
86.113-90  Added.....................................................475

[[Page 1254]]

86.118-78  (c) revised...............................................475
86.513-90  Added.....................................................476
86.1105-87  (a) removed; (c) redesignated as (d); new (c) added....43878
86.1113-87  (a)(4), (g)(1) and (3)(i), and (h) revised.............19134
86.1213-90  Added....................................................476
86.1313-90  Added....................................................476
86.1513-90  Added....................................................478

                                  1989

40 CFR
                                                                   54 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Authority citation revised.....................................14455
86.090-1  Added....................................................14459
86.090-2  Added....................................................14459
86.090-3  Added....................................................14460
86.090-5  Added....................................................14460
86.090-8  Added....................................................14461
86.090-9  (a)(1), (b), (d), (e), and (g)(2) revised................14462
86.090-10  Heading, (a) (1) and (3), (b) and (c) revised...........14463
86.090-11  (a)(1) and (c) revised; (b) (3) and (4) added...........14465
86.090-14  Added...................................................14466
86.090-21  Added...................................................14468
86.090-22  Added...................................................14470
86.090-23  Added...................................................14471
86.090-24  Added...................................................14474
86.090-25  (b)(3), (d)(1)(ii), (e) (2) and (3), and (h) revised....14478
86.090-26  Added...................................................14478
86.090-27  Added...................................................14481
86.090-28  Added...................................................14481
86.090-29  Added...................................................14486
86.090-30  Added...................................................14488
86.090-35  Added...................................................14495
86.091-2  Introductory text revised................................14612
86.091-9  (a)(1), (b), (d), (e) and (g)(2) introductory paragraph 
        revised....................................................14612
86.091-10  Heading, (a) (1) and (3), (b), and (c) revised..........14464
86.091-11  (a)(1) and (c) revised; (b) (3) and (4) added...........14465
86.091-21  (a), (b)(4) (i) and (ii), (5)(ii), (6)(i) (A) and (C), 
        (7) (i) and (ii), (e), and (f) revised.....................14469
86.091-23  (b)(1)(ii), (2), (3), and (4), (c), (e)(1), and (f) 
        introductory text and (2) revised..........................14473
86.091-28  (a)(4)(i) introductory text and (C), (ii)(B), (b) (2), 
        (3), (4) and (8), (c) (2), (4) and (7), and (d) (1) and 
        (2) revised................................................14484
86.091-29  (a)(3)(i), (b)(3)(i), and (c)(1) revised................14488
86.091-30  (a)(1)(ii), (3) (i) and (ii), and (9), (b) (1), (3), 
        (4) introductory text, (ii)(A), (iii) and (iv), (d)(1) (v) 
        through (vii), (2), (3), (5), and (6)(i) revised; (d)(7) 
        added, and (d)(1)(viii) removed............................14493
86.091-35  (a) introductory text, (1)(iii) (C) and (D), 
        (2)(iii)(D), (3)(iii) (F), (G), (J), and (K), (4)(i) and 
        (iii)(E), (c)(1) and (g)(1) revised; (h) added.............14498
86.094-11  (a)(1) and (c) revised; (b) (3) and (4) added...........14466
86.104  (b) revised................................................14499
86.105  (a) revised................................................14499
86.106-90  Added...................................................14499
86.107-90  Added...................................................14499
86.109-90  Added...................................................14500
86.110-90  Added...................................................14507
86.111-82  (b)(3) revised...........................................2121
86.111-90  Added...................................................14512
86.113-90  Added...................................................14514
86.114-79  (a)(7) revised...........................................2121
86.116-90  Added...................................................14516
86.117-90  Added...................................................14516
86.119-90  Added...................................................14518
86.121-82  (a) introductory text and (3) and (b) introductory text 
        revised; (a)(4) removed; (a)(5) redesignated as (a)(4)......2122
86.121-90  Added...................................................14525
86.126-90  Added...................................................14527
86.127-90  Added...................................................14527
86.131-90  Added...................................................14527
86.132-90  Added...................................................14527
86.133-90  Added...................................................14528
86.135-90  Added...................................................14529
86.136-90  Added...................................................14530
86.137-90  Added...................................................14530
86.138-90  Added...................................................14532
86.139-90  Added...................................................14532
86.140-82  (b)(4)(ii) revised.......................................2122
86.140-90  Added...................................................14533
86.142-90  Added...................................................14533
86.143-90  Added...................................................14534
86.144-90  Added...................................................14535
86.401-90  Added...................................................14539
86.410-90  Added...................................................14539
86.509-90  Added...................................................14539

[[Page 1255]]

86.511-90  Added...................................................14544
86.513-90  (c), (d), and (e) revised; (f), (g), and (h) added......14546
86.516-90  Added...................................................14546
86.519-90  Added...................................................14546
86.521-90  Added...................................................14549
86.526-90  Added...................................................14551
86.527-90  Added...................................................14551
86.535-90  Added...................................................14551
86.537-90  Added...................................................14551
86.540-90  Added...................................................14552
86.542-90  Added...................................................14553
86.544-90  Added...................................................14553
86.601  Redesignated as 86.601-84...................................2122
86.601-84  Redesignated from 86.601.................................2122
86.602  Redesignated as 86.602-84...................................2122
86.602-84  Redesignated from 86.602.................................2122
86.603  Redesignated as 86.603-88 and (c)(1) revised................2122
86.603-88  Redesignated from 86.603 and (c)(1) revised..............2122
86.604  Resignated as 86.604-84.....................................2123
86.604-84  Redesignated from 86.604.................................2123
86.605  Redesignated as 86.605-88 and (f) removed and (a)(2)(ix) 
        added.......................................................2123
86.605-88  Redesignated from 86.605 and (f) removed and (a)(2)(ix) 
        added.......................................................2123
86.606  Redesignated as 86.606-84...................................2123
86.606-84  Redesignated from 86.606.................................2123
86.607  Redesignated as 86.607-84...................................2123
86.607-84  Redesignated from 86.607.................................2123
86.608  Redesignated as 86.608-88 and (a)(2)(ii) revised and (c) 
        (1), (2), and (3) added.....................................2123
86.608-88  Redesignated from 86.608 and (a)(2)(ii) revised and (c) 
        (1), (2), and (3) added.....................................2123
86.608-90  Added...................................................14557
86.609  Redesignated as 86.609-84...................................2123
86.609-84  Redesignated from 86.609.................................2123
86.610  Redesignated as 86.610-84...................................2123
86.610-84  Redesignated from 86.610.................................2123
86.612  Redesignated as 86.612-84...................................2123
86.612-84  Redesignated from 86.612.................................2123
86.614  Redesignated as 86.614-84...................................2123
86.614-84  Redesignated from 86.614.................................2123
86.615  Redesignated as 86.615-84...................................2123
86.615-84  Redesignated from 86.615.................................2123
86.884-1--86.884-14 (Subpart I)  Heading revised...................14559
86.884-1  Revised..................................................14559
86.884-5  (b) revised..............................................14559
86.884-6  Revised..................................................14559
86.1001-84--86.1015 (Subpart K)  Heading revised....................2123
86.1001-84--86.1014-84 (Subpart K)  Heading revised................14559
86.1001-84  Revised................................................14559
86.1003-84  Redesignated as 86.1003-88 and (c)(1) revised...........2123
86.1003-84  Added..................................................14559
86.1003-88  Redesignated from 86.1003-84 and (c)(1) revised.........2123
86.1005-84  Redesignated as 86.1005-88 and (c) and (g) removed; 
        (a)(1)(ii) and (2)(vi) (A), (B), (C), and (D) revised; 
        (a)(2)(viii) added; (d), (e), and (f) redesignated as (c), 
        (d), and (e) and revised; OMB number........................2123
86.1005-88  Redesignated from 86.1005-84 and (c) and (g) removed; 
        (a)(1)(ii) and (2)(vi) (A), (B), (C), and (D) revised; 
        (a)(2)(viii) added; (d), (e), and (f) redesignated as (c), 
        (d), and (e) and revised....................................2123
86.1005-90  Added..................................................14560
86.1008-84  Redesignated as 86.1008-88 and (a)(4)(ii) and (c) 
        revised; (g) (1), (2), (3), and (4) added; OMB number.......2124
86.1008-88  Redesignated from 86.1008-84 and (a)(4)(ii) and (c) 
        revised; (g) (1), (2), (3), and (4) added; OMB number.......2124
86.1008-90  Added..................................................14560
86.1201-85--86.1243-90 (Subpart M)  Heading revised................14562
86.1201-90  Added..................................................14562

[[Page 1256]]

86.1205-90  Added..................................................14562
86.1206-90  Added..................................................14562
86.1207-90  Added..................................................14562
86.1213-90  (a) and (c) revised; (d), (e), and (f) added...........14563
86.1216-90  Added..................................................14564
86.1217-90  Added..................................................14564
86.1221-90  Added..................................................14566
86.1227-90  Added..................................................14568
86.1231-90  Added..................................................14568
86.1232-90  Added..................................................14568
86.1233-90  Added..................................................14568
86.1238-90  Added..................................................14569
86.1242-90  Added..................................................14570
86.1243-90  Added..................................................14570
86.1301-84--86.1344-90 (Subpart N)  Heading revised................14571
86.1301-90  Added..................................................14571
86.1304-90  Added..................................................14571
86.1305-90  Added..................................................14571
86.1306-90  Added..................................................14572
86.1309-90  Added..................................................14572
86.1310-90  Added..................................................14578
86.1311-90  Added..................................................14578
86.1313-90  Revised................................................14589
86.1316-90  Added..................................................14591
86.1319-90  Added..................................................14591
86.1320-90  Added..................................................14593
86.1321-90  Added..................................................14594
86.1326-90  Added..................................................14596
86.1327-90  Added..................................................14596
86.1330-90  Added..................................................14597
86.1332-90  Added..................................................14597
86.1333-90  Added..................................................14599
86.1335-90  Added..................................................14600
86.1337-90  Added..................................................14600
86.1339-90  Added..................................................14602
86.1340-90  Added..................................................14602
86.1341-90  Added..................................................14604
86.1342-90  Added..................................................14605
86.1343-88  Heading revised........................................14610
86.1344-90  Added..................................................14610
86.1501-84--86.1544-84 (Subpart P)  Heading revised................14611
86.1501-90  Added..................................................14611
86.1504-90  Added..................................................14611
86.1505-90  Added..................................................14611
86.1506-90  Added..................................................14612
86  Appendix I amended.............................................14612

                                  1990

40 CFR
                                                                   55 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.090-2  Revised..................................................30612
86.090-3  Revised..................................................30613
86.090-7  Added....................................................30613
86.090-10  (a)(1)(i)(C), (ii)(C), (iii)(C), and (iv)(C) revised....30616
86.090-11  (a)(1)(iii) and (iv) revised............................30616
86.090-15  Added...................................................30616
86.090-21  (b)(5)(iii) added.......................................30618
86.090-23  (h) and (i) added.......................................30618
86.090-24  (a)(16) and (17) added..................................30618
86.090-30  (a)(1)(i), (10), (11), (b)(3), (c)(1)(iii) introductory 
        text, (iv), and (4) revised................................30618
86.090-35  (a)(3)(iii)(L) and (M) added............................30619
86.091-2  Revised..................................................30619
86.091-7  Added....................................................30619
86.091-9  (a)(1)(iii)(C) and (iv)(C) revised.......................46627
86.091-10  (a)(1)(i)(C)(2), (ii)(C)(2), (iii)(C)(2), (iv)(C)(2) 
        revised....................................................30622
86.091-11  (a)(1)(iii)(B) and (iv)(C) revised......................30622
86.091-15  Added...................................................30622
    (g)(2) and (3) revised.........................................46628
86.091-21  (b)(6)(i)(A), (B), (ii)(A), (ii)(B) revised; 
        (b)(6)(iii) added..........................................30625
86.091.23  (f) and (g) revised; (h), (i), (j), and (k) added.......30625
86.091-30  (a)(1)(i), (10), (11), (b)(3), (c)(1)(iii) introductory 
        text, (iv), and (4) revised................................30625
86.091-35  (a)(3)(iii)(L) and (M) revised..........................30626
    (a)(3)(iii)(N) added...........................................46628
86.092-1  Added.....................................................7187
86.092-2  Added.....................................................7187
86.092-14  Added....................................................7187
86.092-24  Added....................................................7190
    (a)(16) added..................................................30626
86.092-26  Added....................................................7194
86.092-35  Added....................................................7197
    (a)(3)(iii)(L) and (M) revised.................................30627
86.094-11  (a)(1)(iv)(B) revised...................................30627
86.094-15  Added...................................................30627
86.113-91  Added...................................................34144
86.113-94  Added...................................................34146
86.1102-87  (b) revised............................................46628
86.1104-90  Added..................................................30629
86.1104-91  Added..................................................30629
86.1105-87  (c) and (d) revised....................................46628
86.1106-87  (a)(2) revised.........................................46629
86.1113-87  (a)(3)(iv), (6), (g)(3) introductory text and (i) 
        revised; (g)(5) and (6) added..............................46629

[[Page 1257]]

86.1115-87  (z) removed; new (z) redesignated from (aa)............46630
86.1313-91  Added..................................................34147
86.1313-94  Added..................................................34149

                                  1991

40 CFR
                                                                   56 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Heading revised; eff. 7-5-91...................................25738
    Authority citation revised.....................................64711
86.078-3--86.097-9 (Subpart A)  Heading revised; eff. 7-5-91.......25738
86.091-11  (a)(1)(iv)(A) revised; (a)(1)(iv)(B) removed............64711
86.091-23  (c)(2)(ii) added........................................64711
86.093-11  Added...................................................64711
86.094-2  Added; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25739
86.094-3  Added; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25740
86.094-7  Added; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25740
86.094-8  Added; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25740
86.094-9  Added; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25742
86.094-21  Added;eff. 7-5-91.......................................25747
86.094-23  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25748
86.094-30  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25749
86.094-35  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25750
86.095-14  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25751
86.095-24  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25752
86.095-26  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25752
86.095-30  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25753
86.095-35  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25755
86.096-8  Added; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25756
86.097-9  Added; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25757
86.105  Revised; eff. 7-5-91.......................................25761
86.106-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25760
86.109-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25760
86.110-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25767
86.111-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25771
86.112-91  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25773
86.114-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25773
86.116-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25774
86.125-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25774
86.127-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25774
86.129-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25775
86.135-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25775
86.137-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25776
86.140-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25777
86.144-94  Added; eff. 7-5-91......................................25777
86.701-94--86.709-99 (Subpart H)  Added; eff. 7-5-91...............25781
86.1105-87  (c) and (d) revised; (e) added.........................64712

                                  1992

40 CFR
                                                                   57 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.091-28  (e) added...............................................31897
86.094-2  Amended..................................................31897
86.094-7  (h) revised; OMB number..................................31897
86.094-8  (b) through (h) revised; (k) added.......................31898
86.094-9  (k) added................................................31899
86.094-11  (a)(1)(iii) revised.....................................19538
86.094-16  Added...................................................31900
86.094-21  (a) through (b)(1) and (b)(5)(i)(C) through (b)(7) 
        revised; (g) added.........................................31900
86.094-22  Added...................................................31902
86.094-24  Added...................................................31903
86.094-35  (a) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii)(E), 
        (a)(2)(iii)(L) through (a)(3)(iii)(H), (a)(3)(iii)(J) 
        through (b), (d)(2) through (h) revised; (a)(1)(iii)(k) 
        added......................................................31907
86.095-24  (a) through (b)(1)(iv), (b)(2) through (h) revised; 
        (b)(1)(xi) added...........................................31909
86.095-35  (a) introductory text through (a)(1)(iii)(E), 
        (a)(2)(iii)(L) through (a)(3)(iii)(H), (a)(3)(iii)(J) 
        through (b) and (d)(2) through (h) revised; (a)(1)(iii)(L) 
        and (a)(2)(iii)(K) added...................................31913
86.096-8  (b) through (h) revised; (k) added.......................31915
86.097-9  (k) added................................................31916
86.113-91  (b)(2) revised..........................................19538
86.113-94  (b)(2) revised..........................................19538
86.201-94--86.246-94 (Subpart C)  Added............................31916
86.608-90  (a) introductory text and (1) revised; (a)(3) added.....31921
86.614-84  (b)(5), (o)(2), (s)(1), (2), (t)(1), (3)(iv), (4), (5), 
        (u)(2), (5), (v)(1), (2), (w)(1) through (4), (z)(1) and 
        (2) revised; (o)(3), (x) and (aa)(1) amended................5330
86.615-84  (d) revised..............................................5332
86.701-94  Revised.................................................31922
86.708-94  (b) revised.............................................31922
86.709-94  (b) revised.............................................31922
86.709-99  (b) revised.............................................31922
86.901-93--86.911-93 (Subpart J)  Added............................30055
86.1005-90  (a)(1)(ii) amended; (a)(1)(iii) and (a)(2)(vi)(c) 
        revised....................................................31922

[[Page 1258]]

86.1008-90  (a)(2) revised; (a)(5) added...........................31922
86.1009-84  (a) and (c)(1) revised.................................31923
86.1014-84  (b)(5), (o)(2), (s)(1), (2) introductory text, (i), 
        (ii), (t)(1), (3)(iv), (4), (5), (u)(2), (5), (v)(1), (2), 
        (w)(1) through (4), (x)(1), (z)(1) and (2) revised; 
        (o)(3), (x)(2) and (aa)(1) amended..........................5332
86.1015  (d) revised................................................5333
    Correctly designated...........................................30657
86.1115-87  (b)(5), (o)(2), (s)(1), (2), (t)(1), (3)(iv), (4), 
        (5), (u)(1), (2), (v)(1) through (4), (y)(1) and (2) 
        revised; (o)(3), (w) and (z)(1) amended.....................5333
86.1116-87  (d) revised.............................................5334
86.1313-91  (b)(2) revised.........................................19538

                                  1993

40 CFR
                                                                   58 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86 Authority citation revised................................4002, 16019
    Meeting........................................................13413
    Public workshop................................................19211
    OMB number.....................................................34370
86.1  Added........................................................16019
    (b)(1) table amended...........................................58417
86.091-29  (a)(3)(i) and (c)(3)(i) revised.........................16020
86.093-2  Added....................................................15795
86.093-11  (a)(1)(iv)(A) and (C) revised...........................15795
86.093-35  Added...................................................15795
86.094-1  Added.....................................................4002
86.094-2  Amended......................................4002, 9485, 15799
86.094-3  (b) amended; eff. 7-16-93................................33208
86.094-11  (a)(1)(iv) revised......................................15799
86.094-13  Added....................................................4002
86.094-14  Added....................................................4006
86.094-17  Added....................................................9485
86.094-18  Added....................................................9486
86.094-21  Revised..................................................4009
    (h) and (i) added...............................................9487
86.094-22  Revised..................................................4010
86.094-23  Revised..................................................4012
    (l)(2)(v) amended; eff. 7-16-93................................33208
    (c)(2)(i) revised..............................................66294
86.094-24  Revised..................................................4014
86.094-25  Added....................................................4018
    (d)(2)(i) amended; (d)(2)(iii) added............................9487
86.094-26  Added....................................................4021
86.094-28  Added....................................................4025
86.094-30  Revised..................................................4028
    (f) added.......................................................9487
86.094-35  (a)(2)(iii)(F) and (c)(1)(ii)(B)(2) removed..............4035
    (i) added.......................................................9487
    (a)(3)(iii)(O) added...........................................15799
    (a)(1)(iii)(L) added; (a)(2) heading and (iii)(C) revised; 
eff. 7-16-93.......................................................33209
86.095-14  Revised..................................................4035
86.095-23  Added...................................................66294
86.095-24  Revised..................................................4035
86.095-26  Revised..................................................4036
86.095-30  Revised..................................................4037
    (f) added.......................................................9487
86.095-35  (a)(2)(iii)(F) and (c)(1)(ii)(B)(2) removed..............4037
    (i) added.......................................................9487
    (a)(3)(iii)(O) added...........................................15799
    (a)(2)(iii)(C) revised.........................................16020
    (a)(1)(iii)(J) and (2)(iii)(C) revised; eff. 7-16-93...........33209
    (a)(2)(iii)(C) revised; eff. 7-28-93...........................34536
86.096-2  Added....................................................16020
    Amended........................................................58417
86.096-3  Added....................................................58417
86.096-7  Added....................................................16021
    (h)(6)(i) revised; eff. 7-28-93................................34535
86.096-8  (b) revised..............................................16021
    Introductory text removed; (k) heading revised; eff. 7-28-93 
                                                                   34536
    (a)(1)(iii) and (3) added......................................58417
86.096-9  Added....................................................16021
    (a)(1)(v) and (3) added........................................58417
86.096-10  Added...................................................16022
86.096-11  Added...................................................15799
86.096-14  Added...................................................16023
86.096-21  Added...................................................16023
    Amended; eff. 7-16-93..........................................34536
    (j) and (k) added..............................................58417
86.096-23  Added...................................................16023
    Introductory text and (a) through (l) revised..................66297
86.096-24  Added...................................................58417
86.096-26  Added...................................................16024
86.096-30  Added...................................................16024
    Amended; (a)(18) added; eff. 7-28-93...........................34536
86.096-35  Added...................................................16024
    Amended; eff. 7-28-93..........................................34536
    (a)(1)(iii)(N) and (2)(iii)(P) added...........................58421
86.097-9  (b) revised..............................................16025
    (a)(1)(iv) and (3) added.......................................58421

[[Page 1259]]

86.098-2  Added....................................................15800
86.098-10  Added...................................................15800
86.098-11  Added...................................................15801
    (b)(3) revised; (b)(4) removed; eff. 7-28-93...................34536
86.098-23  Added...................................................16025
    (m)(1), (2)(iv) and (v) revised; eff. 7-28-93..................34536
    Introductory text and (a) through (l) revised..................66297
86.099-8  Added....................................................16025
    (a)(1)(iii) and (3) added......................................58421
86.099-9  Added....................................................16025
    (a)(1)(iv) and (3) added.......................................58422
86.099-10  Added...................................................16026
86.099-11  Added; eff. 7-28-93.....................................34537
86.105  (b) revised................................................16026
86.106-96  Added...................................................16026
86.107-78  Removed.................................................16019
86.107-96  Added...................................................16027
86.111-94  (a) Figure B94-7 amended; eff. 7-16-93..................33209
86.113-82  Removed.................................................16019
86.113-87  Removed.................................................16019
86.113-90  Removed.................................................16019
86.113-94  (a)(1) table amended....................................16030
86.115-78  (a) and (b) revised.....................................16030
86.116-94  (c)(5) added; (d)(1) removed............................58422
86.117-78  Removed.................................................16019
86.117-96  Added...................................................16030
86.123-78  (a) introductory text revised...........................58422
86.127-82  Removed.................................................16019
86.127-96  Added...................................................16032
86.128-79  (c) revised.............................................16033
86.129-94  Heading revised; (d) added..............................16033
86.130-96  Added...................................................16034
86.131-78  Removed.................................................16019
86.131-96  Added...................................................16037
86.132-82  Removed.................................................16019
86.132-96  Added...................................................16037
86.133-78  Removed.................................................16019
86.133-96  Added...................................................16039
86.134-96  Added...................................................16040
86.135-82  Removed.................................................16019
86.136-82  Removed.................................................16019
86.136-90  (c) revised.............................................16042
86.137-82  Removed.................................................16019
86.137-96  Added...................................................16042
86.138-78  Removed.................................................16019
86.138-90  (i) revised.............................................16042
86.138-96  Added...................................................16042
86.142-90  (d) through (i), (k), (l), (m), (o) and (p) revised; 
        (q) and (r) removed........................................58422
86.143-78  Removed.................................................16019
86.143-96  Added...................................................16043
86.146-96  Added...................................................16045
86.301-79--86.348-79 (Subpart D)  Heading revised..................58422
86.319-79  (b) revised.............................................58422
86.332-79  (a) revised; (d) and (e) removed........................58423
86.516-90  (c)(3) added; (d)(1) removed............................58423
86.523-78  (a) introductory text revised...........................58423
86.608-90  (a)(2)(ii), (iv) and (vi) revised.......................16045
86.608-96  Added...................................................58423
86.609-84  (a), (b) and (c) revised................................16045
86.609-96  Added...................................................58423
86.610-84  (b) revised.............................................16046
86.610-96  Added...................................................58424
86.708-94  Table H94-1 amended; (a)(1)(i)(A) revised; eff. 7-16-93
                                                                   33211
    (a)(1)(iii) and (3) added......................................58424
86.708-98  (a)(1)(iii) and (3) added...............................58424
86.709-94  Tables H94-10 and H94-15 amended; eff. 7-16-93..........33211
    (a)(1)(v) and (3) added........................................58424
86.709-99  (a)(1)(iv) and (3) added................................58425
86.1001-84--86.1014-84 (Subpart K)  Heading revised................16046
86.1008-90  (a)(1), (3)(ii), (iv), and (vi) revised................16046
86.1008-96  Added..................................................58425
86.1009-84  (a), (b) and (c)(3) revised; (c)(4) added..............16046
86.1009-96  Added..................................................58425
86.1010-84  (b) and (c) revised....................................16047
86.1010-96  Added..................................................58426
86.1105-87  (d)(1) introductory text revised.......................15802
    (e) revised; (f) added.........................................68540
86.1106-87  (a)(2) revised.........................................68540
86.1201-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1205-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1205-90  (b) revised............................................16047
86.1206-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1206-96  Added..................................................16047
86.1207-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1207-96  Added..................................................16047
86.1213-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1213-87  Removed................................................16019
86.1215-85  (a) amended; (b) revised; (c) removed..................16050
86.1216-85  Removed................................................16019

[[Page 1260]]

86.1217-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1217-96  Added..................................................16050
86.1221-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1227-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1227-96  Added..................................................16052
86.1229-85  Heading revised; (c) and (d) added.....................16053
86.1230-96  Added..................................................16054
86.1231-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1231-96  Added..................................................16056
86.1232-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1232-96  Added..................................................16056
86.1233-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1233-96  Added..................................................16057
86.1234-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1234-96  Added..................................................16059
86.1235-96  Added..................................................16060
86.1236-85  (a)(4) revised.........................................16060
86.1237-96  Added..................................................16061
86.1238-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1238-90  (i) revised............................................16061
86.1238-96  Added..................................................16061
86.1242-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1243-85  Removed................................................16019
86.1243-96  Added..................................................16062
86.1246-96  Added..................................................16063
86.1301-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1301-88  Removed................................................16019
86.1304-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1305-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1306-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1306-88  Removed................................................16019
86.1306-96  Added..................................................16064
86.1313-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1313-87  Removed................................................16019
86.1313-90  Removed................................................16019
86.1313-91  (b)(2) revised.........................................21401
86.1316-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1316-90  (b)(3) added and (c)(1) removed........................58426
86.1320-88  Removed................................................16019
86.1321-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1323-84  (a) introductory text revised..........................58426
86.1326-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1327-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1327-88  Removed................................................16019
86.1327-96  Added..................................................16064
86.1332-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1333-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1336-84  (e) revised............................................16065
86.1337-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1337-88  Removed................................................16019
86.1337-96  Added..................................................16065
86.1339-88  Removed................................................16019
86.1340-84  Removed................................................16019
86.1401--86.1442 (Subpart O)  Added................................58426
86  Appendix I amended.............................................16067
    Appendix II added..............................................16070

                                  1994

40 CFR
                                                                   59 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Court order....................................................51114
86.1  (b)(1) table revised; (b)(3) added...........................48491
    (b)(2) table amended...........................................50073
86.001-2--86.099-11 (Subpart A)  Heading revised...................48491
86.001-2  Added....................................................16281
86.001-9  Added....................................................16282
    (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) added.....................................48491
86.001-21  Added...................................................16282
86.001-22  Added...................................................16283
86.001-23  Added...................................................16283
86.001-24  Added...................................................16283
86.001-25  Added...................................................16283
86.001-26  Added...................................................16284
86.001-28  Added...................................................16284
    (h) added......................................................48491
86.001-30  Added...................................................16285
86.001-35  Added...................................................16285
86.004-9  Added....................................................16286
    (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) added.....................................48492
86.004-28  Added...................................................16286
    (h) added......................................................48492
86.004-30  Added...................................................16287
86.084-4  (b) redesignated as (c); new (b) added...................48492
86.085-37  (b)(1) introductory text revised........................50073
86.091-10  (a)(1) introductory text, (i) introductory text, 
        (B)(2), (ii) introductory text, (B)(2) and (3) revised; 
        (a)(1)(i)(C)(3), (ii)(C)(3), (v) and (vi) added............48492
86.091-28  (a)(4)(i) introductory text, (C), (ii)(B), (7)(i), 
        (b)(4)(ii), (iii), (6)(i), (c)(4)(ii), (iii)(A)(1), (2), 
        (B)(1), (2) and (d)(1) revised.............................48493
86.092-1  (a) revised..............................................48494
86.092-15  Added...................................................14106
86.092-23  Added...................................................14108
86.094-2  Amended..................................................48494
86.094-3  (b) revised..............................................48494
86.094-8  (a)(1)(i) introductory text, (A) Tables A94-2, A94-3, 
        A94-5 and A94-6 revised....................................48494

[[Page 1261]]

86.094-9  (a)(1)(i)(A) Tables A94-8, A94-9, A94-11, A94-12, 
        (ii)(A) Table A94-14 and Table A94-15 and (d)(1)(i)(A) 
        revised; (d)(1)(i)(C) added................................48495
86.094-11  Heading, (a)(1) introductory text, (i)(A), (ii)(B), and 
        (c) revised; (a)(1)(i)(C) added............................48497
86.094-13  (a)(1), (c)(1), (d)(1), (e)(1) and (f)(1) amended.......36369
86.094-15  (a)(2)(iii) and (b)(6)(ii) revised......................14110
    (a)(1) revised.................................................50073
86.094-17  (a) introductory text revised...........................48497
86.094-23  (h)(3)(iv)  revised.....................................14110
    (b)(3), (4), (c)(1) and (2)(i) revised.........................48498
86.094-24  (a)(5), (6) introductory text, (12), (13) introductory 
        text, (14) introductory text and (15) revised; (a)(6)(iv) 
        and (13)(iii) added (13)...................................48498
    (a)(3)(iii) added; (a)(4) introductory text revised............50073
86.094-26  (a)(2), (b)(2)(i) and (ii) amended......................36369
86.095-23  (h)(3)(iv)  revised.....................................14110
86.095-35  (a)(4) heading, (i), (iii)(D), (E), (c)(1)(ii)(A), 
        (B)(1) and (g)(1) revised..................................48499
86.096-8  (a)(1)(i), Table A96-1, Table A96-2 and (b)(1) revised 
                                                                   48499
86.096-9  (b)(1) heading, (i)(A) introductory text, (B)(2), (ii) 
        and (iii) revised..........................................48500
86.096-10  (b)(1) heading, (i)(A)(2), (B), (C), (ii)(A)(2) and (B) 
        revised....................................................48500
86.096-11  (b)(4) redesignated as (b)(5); heading, (a)(1)(i), 
        (2)(ii), (c), and new (b)(5) revised; (a)(1)(iii) and new 
        (b)(4) added...............................................48500
86.096-21  (j) and (k) corrected...................................33913
86.097-9  (a)(1)(i)(A) Table A97-1, Table A97-2, (ii)(A) Table 97-
        3 and 97-4 revised.........................................48500
86.098-2  Revised..................................................16288
    Amended........................................................48501
86.098-3  Added....................................................16288
86.098-7  Added....................................................16288
86.098-8  Added....................................................16289
    (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) added.....................................48501
86.098-10  (a)(1)(i) introductory text, (B)(2), (ii) introductory 
        text, (B)(2), (3)(i) and (ii) revised; (a)(1)(i)(C)(3), 
        (ii)(C)(3), (v) and (vi) added.............................48501
86.098-11  Heading, (a)(1)(i), (2)(ii) and (c) revised; new 
        (a)(1)(iii) and (b)(4) added...............................48502
86.098-14  Added...................................................16289
86.098-17  Added...................................................16289
86.098-21  Added...................................................16290
86.098-22  Added...................................................16290
86.098-23  Introductory  text and (a) through (l) revised..........16290
86.098-24  Added...................................................16290
86.098-25  Added...................................................16291
86.098-26  Added...................................................16291
86.098-28  Added...................................................16292
    (h) added......................................................48503
86.098-30  Added...................................................16293
86.098-35  Added...................................................16294
86.099-8  (b)(5),  (6) and (d) added; (c) and (e) through (k) 
        revised....................................................16294
    (b)(1) revised; (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) added.....................48503
86.099-9  (b)(1) heading, (i)(A) introductory text, (B)(2), (ii) 
        and (iii) revised..........................................48503
86.099-10  (b)(1) heading, (i)(A)(2), (B), (C), (ii)(A)(2) and (B) 
        revised....................................................48503
86.099-11  (a)(1)(i), (2)(ii) and (c) revised; (a)(1)(iii) and 
        (b)(4) added...............................................48503
86.101  (a)(3) added...............................................16295
    (a)(3) revised.................................................48504
86.104  (b) redesignated as (c) and revised; new (b) added.........48504
86.105  (b) revised................................................16295
    (b) revised....................................................48504
86.106-94  (a) revised.............................................48504
86.106-96  (a) revised.............................................48504
86.107-96  (b)(1) revised..........................................48505
    (b)(4) and (c)(4) revised......................................48505
86.107-98  Added...................................................16295
86.110-94  (a)(2), (b) heading, introductory text and (3) revised; 
        (a)(6) and (7) redesignated as (a)(7) and (8); new (a)(6) 
        added......................................................48505
86.111-94  (b)(3) introductory text and (v) revised................48505
    (b)(3)(vii) added..............................................50073
86.113-94  Revised.................................................48506

[[Page 1262]]

86.115-78  (b)(3)(ii) and (5) revised..............................16296
86.116-94  Correctly designated....................................33913
86.121-90  (a)(2) and (b)(3) revised; (d) added....................48508
86.127-96  (a)(1), (3), (4), (b), (d) introductory text, (2) and 
        (e) revised................................................48508
86.129-94  (a) amended.............................................39649
86.130-96  (a) and (b) revised.....................................48509
86.132-90  (a)(4) introductory text and (ii) introductory text 
        revised....................................................48509
86.132-96  (h) introductory text, (j) introductory text, (1)(i) 
        and (viii) revised.........................................16296
    (b), (e)(2) heading, introductory text and (f) revised.........48509
86.133-96  (a)(1) and (3) revised..................................48509
86.134-96  (a) revised.............................................48509
86.135-94  (a) revised.............................................48510
86.136-90  (a) heading, introductory text and (b) revised..........48510
86.138-96  (a) revised.............................................48510
86.140-94  (a) introductory text and (b) introductory text revised
                                                                   48510
86.142-90  (o) introductory text revised; (q) and (r) added........48510
86.143-96  (a) and (b)(1)(ii)(B) revised...........................48510
86.144-90  (c)(7)(ii) amended......................................39649
86.144-94  (c)(7)(ii) amended......................................39649
    (c)(7)(iii) through (xiii) redesignated as (c)(7)(iv) through 
(xiv); (a)(1), (c)(1)(ii), (3)(iv)(C), (5)(ii), (6)(ii), new 
(7)(iv) through (xiv), (8)(i) and (ii) revised; (b)(10), 
(c)(7)(iii), (8)(vi) and (9) added.................................48510
86.150-98  Added...................................................16296
    Heading revised; (d) added.....................................48511
86.151-98  Added...................................................16296
86.152-98  Added...................................................16298
86.153-98  Added...................................................16298
86.154-98  Added...................................................16299
86.155-98  Added...................................................16300
86.156-98  Added...................................................16300
86.157-98  Added...................................................48511
86.401-97  Added...................................................48512
86.410-90  (a)(1) introductory text revised........................48512
    (c)(4) revised.................................................48512
86.513-94  Added...................................................48512
86.521-90  (b) introductory text, (2) and (c)(3) revised; (e) 
        added......................................................48514
86.527-90  (a), (c) and (d) revised................................48514
86.540-90  (a) introductory text revised...........................48515
86.542-90  (q) and (r) added.......................................48515
86.544-90  (c)(1)(ii), (v), (ix), (3)(iv)(C) and (7)(ii) revised 
                                                                   48515
86.602-98  Added...................................................16300
86.603-98  Added...................................................16300
86.605-98  Added...................................................16301
86.608-98  Added...................................................16301
86.609-98  Added...................................................16303
86.610-98  Added...................................................16304
86.708-94  Technical correction....................................33913
    (a)(1)(i)(A)(3) Tables H94-3, H94-4, H94-6 and H94-7 revised 
                                                                   48515
86.708-98  Technical correction....................................33913
    (a)(1)(i) Table H98-1 and Table H98-2 revised..................48516
86.709-94  (a)(1)(i)(A)(3) Tables H94-9, H94-10, H94-12, H9413, 
        (ii)(A)(2) Table H94-15, Table H94-16 and Table H94-18 
        revised....................................................48516
86.709-99  (a)(1)(i)(A) Table H99-1, H99-2, (ii)(A) Table H99-3 
        and H99-4 revised..........................................48520
86.884-1  Revised..................................................48521
86.884-4  Amended..................................................48521
86.1002-2001  Added................................................16304
86.1003-2001  Added................................................16305
86.1008-2001  Added................................................16305
86.1009-2001  Added................................................16308
86.1010-2001  Added................................................16309
86.1201-90--86.1246-96 (Subpart M)  Heading revised................48521
86.1201-90  (a) revised............................................48521
86.1204  Added.....................................................48521
86.1205-90  (a) revised............................................48521
86.1206-96  Introductory text revised..............................48521
86.1207-96  (b)(1) revised.........................................48521
86.1213-94  Added..................................................48521
86.1221-90  (a) introductory text, (2) and (b)(3) revised; (e) 
        added......................................................48523
86.1227-96  Heading, (b) introductory text and (2) revised.........48523
86.1230-96  (a) and (b) revised....................................48524
86.1232-96  (b) and (f) revised....................................48524
86.1233-96  (a)(1) and (3) revised.................................48524
86.1234-96  (a) revised............................................48524
86.1238-96  (a) revised............................................48524
86.1242-90  (m) and (n) added......................................48524
86.1243-96  (a) and (b)(1)(ii)(B) revised..........................48525
86.1306-90  (a) revised............................................48525

[[Page 1263]]

86.1306-96  (a) revised............................................48525
86.1309-90  Heading, (a)(1) and (b)(4) revised.....................48525
86.1310-90  Heading, (a) introductory text and (2) revised.........48525
86.1311-94  Added..................................................48525
    (b)(2)(iii) added..............................................50073
86.1313-94  Revised................................................48528
86.1314-94  Added..................................................48530
86.1316-94  Added..................................................48530
86.1321-94  Added..................................................48531
86.1325-94  Added..................................................48531
86.1327-94  Added..................................................48532
86.1327-96  (a), (f)(1) and (2) introductory text revised..........48533
86.1332-90  (c)(1) heading, (2) heading, (d)(2) heading, (3) 
        heading, (e)(1) heading and (2) heading revised............48533
86.1336-84  (e)(2) heading revised.................................48533
86.1337-90  (a)(7), (8), (13), (20) and (26) revised...............48533
86.1337-96  (a)(7), (8), (13), (20) and (26) revised...............48533
86.1340-94  Added..................................................48534
86.1342-94  Added..................................................48534
86.1344-94  Added..................................................48535
86.1406  (b) corrected.............................................33913
86.1430  (a)(7)(ii) and (c)(3)(ii) corrected.......................33913
86.1437  (c) corrected.............................................33913
86.1438  (c) corrected.............................................33913
86.1439  (d) corrected.............................................33913
    (d)(1)(i), (ii)(B), (2)(i) and (f)(1)(ii)(A) corrected.........33914
86.1501-84--86.1544-84 (Subpart P)  Heading revised................48536
86.1501-94  Added..................................................48536
86.1504-94  Added..................................................48536
86.1505-94  Added..................................................48536
86.1506-94  Added..................................................48536
86.1513-94  Added..................................................48536

                                  1995

40 CFR
                                                                   60 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.078-7  Removed..................................................43886
86.081-8  Removed..................................................43886
86.082-8  Removed..................................................43886
86.082-14  Removed.................................................43886
86.083-30  Removed.................................................43886
86.084-5  Removed..................................................43886
86.084-14  Removed.................................................43886
86.084-15  Removed.................................................43886
86.084-26  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-8  Removed..................................................43886
86.085-9  Removed..................................................43886
86.085-10  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-11  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-21  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-22  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-23  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-24  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-25  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-27  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-28  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-29  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-30  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-35  Removed.................................................43886
86.085-38  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-8  Removed..................................................43886
86.087-9  Removed..................................................43886
86.087-10  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-21  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-23  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-25  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-28  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-29  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-30  Removed.................................................43886
86.087-35  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-9  Removed..................................................43886
86.088-11  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-21  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-23  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-25  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-28  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-29  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-30  Removed.................................................43886
86.088-35  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-2  Amended; eff. 7-31-95....................................34334
86.090-3  (b) amended; eff. 7-31-95................................34335
86.090-7  Removed..................................................43886
86.090-10  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-11  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-15  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-23  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-28  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-29  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-30  Removed.................................................43886
86.090-35  Removed.................................................43886
86.094-2  Amended; eff. 7-31-95....................................34335
      Amended......................................................40496
86.094-3  (b) amended; eff. 7-31-95................................34335
86.094-9  (a)(1)(iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95........................34335
86.094-17  (b)(1), (e)(2), (f)(3), (i) and (j) revised.............15246
    (j) revised....................................................37945

[[Page 1264]]

    (d) revised....................................................39266
86.094-18  Removed.................................................15247
86.094-21  (j) added; eff. 7-31-95.................................34335
86.094-30  (f)(4) revised..........................................15247
86.094-38  Added (OMB number)......................................40496
86.095-30  (f)(4) revised..........................................15247
86.096-7  OMB number...............................................43880
86.096-8  OMB number...............................................43880
    (b) introductory text revised; (b)(5)(iv) added................43887
86.096-9  OMB number...............................................43880
    (b) introductory text and (c) through (k) revised; (b)(5)(iv) 
added..............................................................43887
86.096-10  OMB number..............................................43880
    (b) introductory text revised; (b)(5)(iv) added................43887
86.096-11  (b)(5)(i) revised.......................................43887
86.096-14  OMB number..............................................43880
86.096-21  (c) through (i) removed; (j) and (k) redesignated as 
        (k) and (l); new (c) through (j) added; eff. 7-31-95.......34335
    OMB number.....................................................43880
86.096-23  OMB number..............................................43880
86.096-26  OMB number..............................................43880
86.096-30  OMB number..............................................43880
86.096-35  OMB number..............................................43880
86.097-9  (a)(1)(iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95........................34335
    OMB number.....................................................43880
86.098-7  (h)(1) through (5) added.................................43888
86.098-11  (b)(3)(iii)(A) revised..................................43888
86.098-21  (c) through (k) removed; new (c) through (l) added; 
        eff. 7-31-95...............................................34335
86.098-23  OMB number..............................................43880
86.098-26  (a)(3)(i)(B) through (ii)(B) removed; (a)(3)(i)(D) 
        through (ii)(B) added......................................43888
86.099-8  OMB number...............................................43880
    (b) introductory text revised..................................43888
86.099-9  OMB number...............................................43880
    (b) introductory text revised..................................43888
86.099-10  OMB number..............................................43880
    (b) introductory text revised..................................43888
86.099-11  (b)(3)(iii)(A) revised..................................43888
86.106-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.106-96  (a) introductory text revised...........................43888
86.107-90  (a)(2)(i) revised; (a)(2)(iii) added; eff. 7-31-95......34335
86.107-96  (b)(1) revised; (b)(3) added; eff. 7-31-95..............34335
    (a)(1) introductory text, (ii)(A), (B), (2), (3)(i), (ii), 
(c)(1), (d), (e) and (f) revised...................................43888
86.107-98  (e)(1) revised..........................................43890
86.109-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.109-94  (a)(2)(i) through (iv), (3) introductory text, (4) 
        introductory text, (5), (b) introductory text, (4), (5), 
        (6), (c) introductory text, (4), (5), (6), Figure B94-2 
        and Figure B94-3 revised; (a)(6) and (d) added; eff. 7-31-
        95.........................................................34336
86.110-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.110-94  (a)(1) introductory text, (5)(i), (ii), (iii), (b) 
        introductory text, (1), (2), (c) and (d) revised; eff. 7-
        31-95......................................................34340
86.111-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.112-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.113-94  (d) revised; eff. 7-31-95...............................34342
86.114-94  (a)(2), (5), (b) and (c) revised; (d) added; eff. 7-31-
        95.........................................................34342
86.116-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.116-94  (c)(1) and (3) revised; (g) added; eff. 7-31-95.........34342
86.117-90  (c) heading, introductory text, (5), (7), (9), (d)(1) 
        and (2)(iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95.........................34342
86.117-96  (c) heading, introductory text, (1)(vii), (ix), (xii), 
        (d)(1) and (2)(iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95..................34343
    Introductory text, (a)(1)(ii), (iii), (7), (b), (c) heading, 
(1) introductory text, (iv), (v), (vii), (d)(1) introductory text 
and equation, (v) and (e)(1)(iii) revised; (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) 
removed; (d)(3) added..............................................43890
86.119-78  Removed.................................................43886
86.119-90  (c)(1), (4) and (7) revised; eff. 7-31-95...............34344
86.120-94  Added; eff. 7-31-95.....................................34344
86.121-90  (c) introductory text, (1) and (3)(iii) revised; eff. 
        7-31-95....................................................34345
86.123-78  (c) added; eff. 7-31-95.................................34347
86.126-78  Removed.................................................43886
86.127-94  (f) added; eff. 7-31-95.................................34347
86.127-96  (g) added; eff. 7-31-95.................................34347
86.129-94  (d)(1), (2)(iii), (3)(ii), (iii), (4)(i), (ii), (iii), 
        (7)(iii) and (iv) revised; (d)(7)(v) added.................43891

[[Page 1265]]

86.130-96  (e) added; figure revised...............................43893
86.131-96  (d) revised.............................................43895
86.132-96  (c), (f), (h) introductory text, (1)(i), (2), (j) 
        introductory text, (1) introductory text, (i) and (vi) 
        revised....................................................43895
86.133-96  (c), (h) and (i)(5) revised.............................43896
86.134-96  (a), (f), (g)(1)(v), (vii), (viii), (xii) introductory 
        text, (A), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (2)(v), (vii), (x) and 
        (xii) revised; (g)(1)(xx)(C) and (2)(xv) added.............43896
86.137-90  (b)(20) revised; eff. 7-31-95...........................34347
86.137-94  (b)(4), (6)(iii), (iv) and (15) revised; (b)(6)(iv) 
        note removed; eff. 7-31-95.................................34347
86.138-90  (b) revised.............................................43897
86.138-96  (a)(2), (b)(2)(v)(A) and (viii) revised.................43897
86.139-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.140-94  (c) and (d) revised; eff. 7-31-95.......................34347
86.142-82  Removed.................................................43886
86.142-90  (p)(1) through (7) revised; (p)(8) removed; eff. 7-31-
        95.........................................................34348
86.143-90  (a)(1) and (2)(iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95...............34348
86.143-96  (b)(1)(i) and (ii)(C) revised; eff. 7-31-95.............34348
    (b)(1)(i) introductory text and equation, (D), (2)(i)(B) and 
(ii)(B) revised; (b)(1)(iii) added; (b)(1)(i)(C) and (E) removed 
                                                                   43897
86.144-78  Removed.................................................43886
86.144-94  (c)(5)(iv) through (xvi), (7)(ii) and (e) revised; 
        (c)(5)(xvii) and (xviii) removed; eff. 7-31-95.............34349
86.146-96  (f), (i)(1) and (2) revised.............................43898
86.152-98  (a) revised.............................................43898
86.153-98  (a) and (c)(2) revised..................................43898
86.154-98  (e)(3) revised..........................................43898
86.401-78  Removed.................................................43886
86.509-78  Removed.................................................43886
86.509-90  (a)(2)(i) through (iv), (3), (4) introductory text, (b) 
        introductory text, (4), (5), (6), (c) introductory text, 
        (4), (5) and (6) revised; (a)(5) and (d) added; eff. 7-31-
        95.........................................................34351
86.511-78  Removed.................................................43886
86.513-82  Removed.................................................43887
86.513-94  (c)(1) and (2) revised; (c)(3) added; eff. 7-31-95......34354
86.514-78  (a)(2) and (b) revised; (c) added; eff. 7-31-95.........34354
86.516-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.516-90  (c)(1) revised; eff. 7-31-95............................34354
86.519-90  (d)(1), (4) and (7) revised; eff. 7-31-95...............34355
86.521-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.521-90  (d) introductory text, (1) and (3)(iii) revised; eff. 
        7-31-95....................................................34355
86.523-78  (c) added; eff. 7-31-95.................................34357
86.526-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.527-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.527-90  (e) added; eff. 7-31-95.................................34357
86.535-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.537-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.537-90  (b)(4), (6)(iii), (iv), (12) and (14) revised; 
        (b)(6)(iv) note removed; eff. 7-31-95......................34357
86.540-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.540-90  (b) and (c) revised; eff. 7-31-95.......................34357
86.542-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.542-90  (p) revised; eff. 7-31-95...............................34357
86.544-78  Removed.................................................43887
86.544-90  (c)(5)(iv) through (xvi) and (7)(ii) amended; 
        (c)(5)(xvii), (xviii) and (e) removed; eff. 7-31-95........34358
86.608-90  (a)(2)(ii) revised......................................43898
86.608-98  (a)(2)(ii) revised......................................43898
86.1104-87  Removed................................................33925
86.1104-90  Removed................................................33925
86.1105-87  (b) and (c)(1) removed.................................33925
86.1207-90  (b)(1) introductory text and (c)(2) revised; (b)(3) 
        added; eff. 7-31-95........................................34358
86.1207-96  (b)(1) and (c)(2) revised; (b)(3) added; eff. 7-31-95 
                                                                   34358
    (a)(1) introductory text, (ii)(A), (B), (2), (3)(i), (ii), 
(c)(1), (d), (e) and (f) revised...................................43898

[[Page 1266]]

86.1213-94  (c) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............................34359
86.1214-85  (a)(1), (2), (b) and (c) revised; (d) added; eff. 7-
        31-95......................................................34359
86.1216-90  (c)(1) and (3) revised; (d) and (e) added; eff. 7-31-
        95.........................................................34359
86.1217-90  (b) and (c) correctly removed; CFR correction..........32612
    (c)(5), (7), (9), (d)(1), (2) introductory text, (i), (ii) and 
(iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95........................................34359
86.1217-96  (c)(1)(vii), (ix), (xii), (d)(1), (2) introductory 
        text, (i), (ii) and (iii) revised; (c)(4) added; eff. 7-
        31-95......................................................34360
    Introductory text, (a)(1)(ii), (iii), (7), (b), (c) heading, 
(1) introductory text, (v), (vii), (d)(1) introductory text and 
equation, (v) and (e)(1)(iii) revised; (c)(1)(iv), (d)(1)(iii) and 
(iv) removed; (d)(1)(xiii), (xiv) and (3) added....................43900
86.1221-90  (c) introductory text, (1) and (3)(iii) revised; eff. 
        7-31-95....................................................34361
86.1227-90  (c) added; eff. 7-31-95................................34363
86.1227-96  (c) added; eff. 7-31-95................................34363
86.1229-85  (d)(1), (2)(iii), (3)(ii), (iii), (4)(i), (ii), (iii), 
        (7)(iii) and (iv) revised; (d)(7)(v) added.................43901
86.1230-96  (e) added; figure revised..............................43902
86.1231-96  (d) revised............................................43904
86.1232-96  (c), (f), (h) introductory text, (1)(i), (2), (j) 
        introductory text, (1) introductory text, (i) and (vi) 
        revised....................................................43904
86.1233-96  (c), (h) and (i)(5) revised............................43905
86.1234-96  (a), (f), (g)(1)(v), (vii), (viii), (xii) introductory 
        text, (A), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (2)(v), (vii), (x) and 
        (xii) revised; (g)(1)(xx)(C) and (2)(xv) added.............43905
86.1238-90  (i) revised............................................43906
86.1238-96  (a)(2), (b)(2)(v)(A) and (viii) revised................43906
86.1242-90  (l)(2) revised; (l)(3) removed; eff. 7-31-95...........34363
86.1243-90  (a) introductory text, (1), (2) introductory text, 
        (i), (ii) and (iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95..................34363
86.1243-96  (b)(1)(i) and (ii)(C) revised; eff. 7-31-95............34364
    (b)(1)(i) introductory text and equation, (D), (2)(i)(B) and 
(ii)(B) revised; (b)(1)(iii) added; (b)(1)(i)(C) and (E) removed 
                                                                   43906
86.1246-96  (f), (i)(1) and (2) revised............................43906
86.1309-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1309-90  (a)(2), (3) introductory text, (4), (b) introductory 
        text, (4), (5), (6), (c) introductory text, (4), (5), (6), 
        Figure N90-2 and Figure N90-3 revised; (a)(5) and (6) 
        redesignated as (a)(6) and (7); new (a)(5) and (d) added; 
        eff. 7-31-95...............................................34364
86.1310-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1310-88  Removed................................................43887
86.1310-90  Heading, (a) introductory text, (1) introductory text, 
        (4), (5), (b)(1) introductory text, (i) introductory text, 
        (ii) and (iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95.......................34370
86.1311-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1313-94  (d) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............................34371
86.1314-94  (b), (e), (g)(2) and (3) revised; (g)(4) added; eff. 
        7-31-95....................................................34371
86.1316-94  (b)(1) revised; eff. 7-31-95...........................34371
86.1319-90  (e)(1), (4) and (7) revised; (e)(8) added; eff. 7-31-
        95.........................................................34371
86.1321-94  (a)(3)(ii), (iii), (c) introductory text, (1) and 
        (3)(iii) revised; (a)(3)(iv) and Figure N94-10 added; eff. 
        7-31-95....................................................34371
86.1323-84  (d) added; eff. 7-31-95................................34374
86.1327-90  (a) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............................34374
86.1327-96  (a) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............................34374
86.1330-90  (b)(1) and (c) revised; eff. 7-31-95...................34374
86.1335-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1337-90  (a)(3), (13) and (26) revised; eff. 7-31-95............34374
86.1337-96  (a)(3), (13) and (26) revised; eff. 7-31-95............34375
86.1340-90  (g) and (h) revised; eff. 7-31-95......................34375

[[Page 1267]]

86.1340-94  (d)(8) through (h)(2) removed; new (d)(8) through (h) 
        added; eff. 7-31-95........................................34375
86.1341-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1342-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1342-94  (a)(1), (d)(3)(vi) through (7)(ii) and (8)(ii) 
        revised; eff. 7-31-95......................................34375
86.1344-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1344-88  Removed................................................43887
86.1344-94  (e)(18) introductory text and (ii) through (vi) 
        revised; (e)(18)(vii) removed; eff. 7-31-95................34376
86.1501-84--86.1544-84 (Subpart P)  Heading revised; eff. 7-31-95 
                                                                   34376
86.1501-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1501-94  Revised; eff. 7-31-95..................................34376
86.1504-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1504-94  (c) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............................34376
    Added..........................................................48536
86.1505-94  (a) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............................34376
86.1506-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1509-84  (c) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............................34376
86.1511-84  (a)(1) and (8)(iii) revised; eff. 7-31-95..............34377
86.1513-84  Removed................................................43887
86.1513-87  Removed................................................43887
86.1514-84  (c) added; eff. 7-31-95................................34377
86.1537-84  (d), (e)(1), (2), (5), (6) and (7) revised; eff. 7-31-
        95.........................................................34377

                                  1996

40 CFR
                                                                   61 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.1  Amended......................................................54877
86.000-2  Added....................................................54878
86.000-3  Added....................................................54878
86.000-7  Added (OMB number pending)...............................54878
86.000-8  Added (OMB number pending)...............................54878
86.000-9  Added (OMB number pending)...............................54879
86.000-16  Added...................................................54881
86.000-21  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54882
86.000-23  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54882
86.000-24  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54882
86.000-25  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54883
86.000-26  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54883
86.000-28  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54884
86.001-2  Introductory text revised................................54886
86.001-9  Revised (OMB number pending).............................54886
86.001-21  Revised (OMB number pending)............................54886
86.001-23  Revised (OMB number pending)............................54887
86.001-24  Revised (OMB number pending)............................54887
86.001-25  Revised (OMB number pending)............................54887
86.001-26  Revised (OMB number pending)............................54888
86.001-28  Revised (OMB number pending)............................54888
86.004-9  Revised (OMB number pending).............................54889
86.004-28  Revised (OMB number pending)............................54890
86.090-5  (a)(3) added.............................................58106
86.094-13  (a)(1), (c)(1), (d)(1), (e)(1) and (f)(1) amended.......58620
86.094-14  (a) redesignated as (a)(1); (a)(2) added..................127
86.094-17  (j) revised.............................................45903
86.094-26  (a)(2), (b)(2)(i) and (ii) amended......................58620
86.101  (a)(2) removed; (a)(4) added...............................54890
86.106-00  Added...................................................54890
86.108-00  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54890
86.115-00  Added...................................................54891
86.118-00  Added...................................................54891
86.127-00  Added...................................................54891
86.128-00  Added...................................................54892
86.129-00  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54892
86.130-00  Added...................................................54893
86.131-00  Added...................................................54893
86.132-00  Added...................................................54893
86.135-00  Added...................................................54894
86.158-00  Added...................................................54894
86.159-00  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54894
86.160-00  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54895
86.161-00  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54897

[[Page 1268]]

86.162-00  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54898
86.162-03  Added (OMB number pending)..............................54899
86.163-00  Added...................................................54899
86.164-00  Added...................................................54900
86.610-84  Removed.................................................51366
86.1003-88  Removed................................................51366
86.1005-88  Removed................................................51366
86.1008-88  Removed................................................51366
86.1010-84  Removed................................................51366
86.1105-87  (e) revised; (g) added..................................6949
    (g)(2), (3) and (h) added.......................................6953
86.1113-87  (g)(1)(ii) revised; (g)(1)(iii), (iv) and (v) removed 
                                                                   51366
86.1311-94  (b)(2)(iii) redesignated as (b)(3).......................127
86  Appendix I amended.............................................54901

                                  1997

40 CFR
                                                                   62 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Authority citation revised.......................31232, 44875, 47119
86.1  (b)(1) table and (4) table amended; eff. 8-5-97..............31232
    (b)(1) table and (2) table amended.............................47119
    (b)(1) table amended...........................................54715
86.001-23  (a) through (b)(1), (3) through (e)(1) and (f) through 
        (m) revised................................................54720
86.001-30  (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (9) revised.......................54720
86.004-2  Added....................................................54720
86.004-11  Added...................................................54721
86.004-15  Added...................................................54722
86.004-21  Added...................................................54724
86.004-25  Added...................................................54725
86.004-28  (c) and (d) revised.....................................54726
86.004-30  (a)(3), (4)(i), (ii) and (iv)(A) through (12) revised 
                                                                   54727
86.004-38  Added...................................................54728
86.004-40  Added...................................................54729
86.082-2  (a) revised; eff. 8-5-97.................................31233
86.085-37  (b)(1) introductory text revised (OMB number pending) 
                                                                   31233
86.090-2  Amended; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31233
86.094-8  (c) revised..............................................47120
86.094-9  (a)(1)(i) introductory text, (ii) introductory text, 
        (iii) and (c) revised......................................47120
86.094-11  (b)(1) introductory text revised........................47120
86.094-13  (a)(1), (c)(1), (d)(1), (e)(1) and (f)(1) amended......11082, 
                                                                   44875
86.094-26  (a)(2), (b)(2)(i) and (ii) amended................11082,44875
86.094-38  Introductory text added; (a) through (f) revised; eff. 
        8-5-97.....................................................31233
86.096-8  (c) revised..............................................47120
86.096-11  (a) introductory text and (c) revised...................47120
86.096-30  (a)(19) through (22) added; eff. 8-5-97.................31233
86.097-1  Added; eff. 8-5-97.......................................31234
86.098-3  Revised..................................................54716
86.098-10  (a)(1)(i)(C)(2), (3), (ii)(C)(2), (3), (iii)(C)(2), 
        (iv)(C)(2), (v)(C)(2) and (vi)(C)(2) amended...............54716
86.098-11  (a)(3)(ii) and (4)(iii) introductory text amended.......54716
86.098-15  Added...................................................54716
86.098-23  (a), (b)(1), (3), (4)(i), (ii), (c), (d), (e)(1), (2), 
        (f) through (l), (m)(2)(i) and (iv) revised; (m)(1) 
        amended....................................................54717
86.098-30  (a)(4)(iv)(A) through (12) revised......................54719
86.099-11  (a)(3)(ii) amended; (a)(4)(iii) introductory text 
        revised....................................................54720
86.101  (c) added; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31234
86.113-94  (b)(2) table and (3) table revised......................47120
86.119-90  (b)(3) revised; (b)(8) added............................47121
86.144-94  (c)(8)(ii)(B) revised...................................47122
86.601-84  (a) added; eff. 8-5-97..................................31234
86.602-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97......................................31234
86.602-98  (b)(9), (10) and (11) added; eff. 8-5-97................31234
86.603-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97......................................31234
86.603-98  (f) added; eff. 8-5-97..................................31234
86.608-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97......................................31234
86.608-98  (a) introductory text, (2) introductory text, (i), 
        (iii) and (viii) revised; eff. 8-5-97......................31235
86.609-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97......................................31235
86.609-98  (c)(1) revised; eff. 8-5-97.............................31236
86.612-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97......................................31236
86.884-7  (a)(2)(i), (3) and (4) revised...........................47122
86.884-8  (c) revised..............................................47122

[[Page 1269]]

86.884-9  (b)(2)(i) through (iv) and (c)(1) revised................47122
86.884-10  (a)(8) revised..........................................47123
86.884-13  (b)(6)(ii) and (iii) revised............................47123
86.884-14  Revised.................................................47123
86.1001-84  (a) added; eff. 8-5-97.................................31238
86.1002-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31238
86.1002-2001  (b)(8) through (11) added; eff. 8-5-97...............31238
86.1003-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31238
86.1003-2001  (g) added; eff. 8-5-97...............................31238
86.1008-90  (a)(1)(iii) added......................................47123
86.1008-96  (a)(1) revised.........................................47123
86.1008-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31238
86.1008-2001  (a)(2), (3) introductory text, (i), (iii) and (viii) 
        revised; eff. 8-5-97.......................................31239
    (a)(1)(iii) added..............................................47123
86.1009-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31239
86.1009-2001  (c)(1) revised; eff. 8-5-97..........................31239
86.1012-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31240
86.1014-97  Added; eff. 8-5-97.....................................31241
86.1111-87  (a)(4) redesignated as (a)(5); new (a)(4) added........47123
86.1310-90  (b)(1)(iv)(C), (3)(v), (vi), (b)(6) introductory text 
        and (7)(iv) revised........................................47124
86.1311-94  (b)(3) revised.........................................54730
86.1312-88  (a) revised............................................47124
86.1313-91  (b)(2) revised.........................................47125
86.1313-94  (b)(2) revised.........................................47125
86.1313-98  Added..................................................47126
86.1316-90  (b)(1) revised; (f) added..............................47126
86.1316-94  (b)(1) revised; (f) added..............................47126
86.1319-84  (d)(3) revised; (d)(8) added...........................47127
86.1319-90  (d)(3) revised; (d)(8) added...........................47127
86.1321-90  (a) and (b)(3) revised.................................47128
86.1321-94  (a) and (b)(3) revised.................................47128
86.1322-84  (b)(3) revised.........................................47128
86.1323-84  (b)(3) revised.........................................47129
86.1324-84  (c) revised............................................47129
86.1325-94  (c) revised............................................47129
86.1327-90  (b), (f)(1), (2) introductory text and (i) revised.....47129
86.1327-94  (b), (f)(1), (2) introductory text and (i) revised.....47129
86.1327-96  (b), (f)(1), (2) introductory text and (i) revised.....47130
86.1327-98  Added..................................................47130
86.1330-84  (b)(1), (2) and (f)(1)(i) revised; (b)(5) added........47131
86.1330-90  (b)(1), (2) and (f)(1)(i) revised; (b)(5) added........47131
86.1333-90  (c), (d) introductory text, (d)(1), (2) and (e)(2) 
        revised; (d)(3) and (4) removed............................47131
86.1334-84  (a)(2) revised.........................................47131
86.1335-90  Revised................................................47131
86.1337-90  (a)(9), (10)(i), (ii), (11), (13), (23) and (26) 
        revised; (a)(10)(iii) removed..............................47132
86.1337-96  (a)(9), (10)(i), (ii), (11), (13), (23) and (26) 
        revised; (a)(10)(iii) removed..............................47133
86.1338-84  Revised................................................47133
86.1339-90  Revised................................................47134
86.1341-90  (b), (c) and (d) revised; (e) through (h) removed......47134
86.1341-98  Added..................................................47135
86.1342-90  (h)(2)(i) through (vii) removed; (i) added.............47135
86.1342-94  (e) through (h) revised; (i) added.....................47135
86.1343-88  (b) introductory text revised; (b)(2)(i) through (v) 
        ans (b)(2)(ii) through (vi); new (b)(2)(i) added...........47135
86.1344-94  (e)(22) revised........................................54730
86.1701-97--86.1780-97 (Subpart R)  Added; eff. 8-5-97.............31242
86.1710-97  OMB number pending.....................................31250
    (c)(7) corrected...............................................45289
86.1712-97  OMB number pending.....................................31254
86.1776-97  OMB number pending.....................................31262
86  Appendixes XIII, XIV and XV added; eff. 8-5-97.................31264
    Appendix XVI added; eff. 8-5-97................................31265
    Appendix XVII added; eff. 8-5-97...............................31266
    Appendix XVIII added; eff. 8-5-97..............................31270
    Appendix XVIII corrected.......................................45289

                                  1998

40 CFR
                                                                   63 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86  Authority citation revised......................................7719
    National Low Emmission Vehicle Program finding.................11374
    Heading revised................................................56995

[[Page 1270]]

86.1  (b)(1) table and (4) table amended.............................965
    (b)(2) table amended; (b)(5) added.............................70694
86.094-17  (i) revised..............................................7719
86.094-21  (i) removed.............................................70694
86.095-35  (i) revised.............................................70694
86.096-30  (a)(23) and (24) added....................................965
86.097-1  Redesignated as 86.099-1...................................965
86.098-17  (b)(2) through (i) and (j) revised......................70694
86.099-1  Redesignated from 86.097-1 and revised.....................965
86.099-17  Added...................................................70694
86.099-30  Added...................................................70697
86.101  (c) revised..................................................965
86.113-94  (b)(2) table revised....................................24448
86.119-90  (b)(3) revised; (b)(8) removed..........................24448
86.402-98  Added...................................................11849
86.406-78  (d) revised.............................................11849
86.518-78  (c) revised.............................................11849
86.529-98  Added...................................................11849
86.884-8  (c)(4) table revised.....................................56995
    (c)(4) table correctly revised.................................63967
86.1319-84  (d)(3) revised; (d)(8) removed.........................24449
86.1319-90  (d)(3) revised; (d)(8) removed.........................24449
86.1333-90  (d) heading, introductory text, (1) and (2) revised....24449
86.1701-97  Redesignated as 86.1701-99...............................966
86.1701-99  Redesignated from 86.1701-97; (a) and (c) revised; (d) 
        added........................................................966
86.1702-97  Redesignated as 86.1702-99...............................966
86.1702-99  Redesignated from 86.1702-97; (b) amended................966
86.1703-97  Redesignated as 86.1703-993..............................967
86.1703-99  Redesignated from 86.1703-97; (b) amended................967
86.1704-97  Redesignated as 86.1704-99...............................967
86.1704-99  Redesignated from 86.1704-97.............................967
86.1705-97  Redesignated as 86.1705-99...............................967
86.1705-99  Redesignated from 86.1705-97; heading, (a) 
        introductory text, (2), (3) and (b) through (g) revised......967
86.1706-97  Redesignated as 86.1706-99...............................969
86.1706-99  Redesignated from 86.1706-97 and revised.................969
86.1707-99  Added....................................................970
86.1708-97  Redesignated as 86.1708-99...............................976
86.1708-99  Redesignated from 86.1708-97; heading, (b)(1)(i), 
        (iii)(B) and (c) amended; tables amended; (e) added..........976
86.1709-97  Redesignated as 86.1709-99...............................979
86.1709-99  Redesignated from 86.1709-97; heading, (b)(1)(i), 
        (iii)(B) and (c) revised; tables amended; (e) added..........979
86.1710-97  Redesignated as 86.1710-99...............................983
86.1710-99  Redesignated from 86.1710-97; amended; (a) 
        introductory text and (c)(9) added; (a)(1), (3)(i), 
        (iii)(A), (B), (4)(i), (iii)(A), (B), (5)(ii), (b)(4), 
        (c)(1), (2), (6), (7), (8), (d), (e)(2) and (4)(ii) 
        revised......................................................983
86.1711-97  Redesignated as 86.1711-99...............................985
86.1711-99  Redesignated from 86.1711-97; (b) removed................985
86.1712-97  Redesignated as 86.1712-99...............................985
86.1712-99  Redesignated from 86.1712-97; (a)(2)(iii), (b)(1) and 
        (3)(vi) revised..............................................985
86.1713-97  Redesignated as 86.1713-99...............................986
86.1713-99  Redesignated from 86.1713-97.............................986
86.1714-97  Redesignated as 86.1714-99...............................986
86.1714-99  Redesignated from 86.1714-97.............................986
86.1716-97  Redesignated as 86.1716-99...............................986
86.1716-99  Redesignated from 86.1716-97; (b) removed................986
86.1717-97  Redesignated as 86.1717-99...............................986
86.1717-99  Redesignated from 86.1717-97; heading revised............986
86.1721-97  Redesignated as 86.1721-99...............................986
86.1721-99  Redesignated from 86.1721-97.............................986

[[Page 1271]]

86.1723-97  Redesignated as 86.1723-99...............................986
86.1723-99  Redesignated from 86.1723-97; revised....................986
86.1724-97  Redesignated as 86.1724-99...............................986
86.1724-99  Redesignated from 86.1724-97; (b) introductory text 
        revised; (b)(2) added........................................986
86.1725-97  Redesignated as 86.1725-99...............................986
86.1725-99  Redesignated from 86.1725-97; (d) added..................986
86.1726-97  Redesignated as 86.1726-99...............................986
86.1726-99  Redesignated from 86.1726-97; (c)(1) revised.............987
86.1728-97  Redesignated as 86.1728-99...............................987
86.1728-99  Redesignated from 86.1728-97.............................987
86.1734-97  Redesignated as 86.1734-99...............................987
86.1734-99  Redesignated from 86.1734-97.............................987
86.1735-97  Redesignated as 86.1735-99...............................987
86.1735-99  Redesignated from 86.1735-97.............................987
86.1770-97  Redesignated as 86.1770-99...............................987
86.1770-99  Redesignated from 86.1770-97; (a)(2) revised.............987
86.1771-97  Redesignated as 86.1771-99...............................987
86.1771-99  Redesignated from 86.1771-97.............................987
86.1772-97  Redesignated as 86.1772-99...............................987
86.1772-99  Redesignated from 86.1772-97; heading revised............987
86.1773-97  Redesignated as 86.1773-99...............................987
86.1773-99  Redesignated from 86.1773-97; (d) added..................987
86.1774-97  Redesignated as 86.1774-99...............................987
86.1774-99  Redesignated from 86.1774-97.............................987
86.1775-97  Redesignated as 86.1775-99...............................987
86.1775-99  Redesignated from 86.1775-97.............................987
86.1776-97  Redesignated as 86.1776-99...............................987
86.1776-99  Redesignated from 86.1776-97.............................987
86.1777-97  Redesignated as 86.1777-99...............................987
86.1777-99  Redesignated from 86.1777-97.............................987
86.1778-97  Redesignated as 86.1778-99...............................987
86.1778-99  Redesignated from 86.1778-97.............................987
86.1779-97  Redesignated as 86.1779-99...............................987
86.1779-99  Redesignated from 86.1779-97.............................987
86.1780-97  Redesignated as 86.1780-99...............................987
86.1780-99  Redesignated from 86.1780-97.............................987
86  Appendix XVIII amended...........................................987
    Technical correction...........................................20447
    Appendix I corrected...........................................23501

                                  1999

40 CFR
                                                                   64 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
86.1  (b)(1) table, (2) table, (3) table and (5) table amended.....23920
86.000-7  Regulation at 61 FR 54878 eff. 8-27-97...................43936
86.000-8  Regulation at 61 FR 54878 eff. 8-27-97...................43936
86.000-9  Regulation at 61 FR 54879 eff. 8-27-97...................43936
86.000-21  Regulation at 61 FR 54882 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.000-23  Regulation at 61 FR 54882 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.000-24  Regulation at 61 FR 54882 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.000-25  Regulation at 61 FR 54883 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.000-26  Regulation at 61 FR 54883 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.000-28  Regulation at 61 FR 54884 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.001-1  Added....................................................23920
86.001-2  Regulation at 61 FR 54886 eff. 8-27-97...................43936
86.001-9  Regulation at 61 FR 54886 eff. 8-27-97...................43936
86.001-21  Regulation at 61 FR 54886 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.001-23  Regulation at 61 FR 54887 eff. 8-27-97..................43936

[[Page 1272]]

86.001-24  Regulation at 61 FR 54887 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.001-25  Regulation at 61 FR 54887 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.001-26  Regulation at 61 FR 54888 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.001-28  Regulation at 61 FR 54888 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.004-9  Regulation at 61 FR 54889 eff. 8-27-97...................43936
86.004-28  Regulation at 61 FR 54890 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.101  (d) added..................................................23921
86.106-96  (a)(1) revised..........................................23921
86.108-00  Regulation at 61 FR 54890 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.113-94  (a)(3), (b)(5), (c)(3), (d)(1), (3), (e)(4) and (f)(3) 
        revised....................................................23921
86.127-00  Introductory text and (h) revised.......................23921
86.128-79  (g)(2) revised..........................................23921
86.129-00  (a) table amended; (d)(1)(iv) revised...................23921
    Regulation at 61 FR 54892 eff. 8-27-97.........................43936
86.132-96  (e)(2)(ii) revised......................................23922
86.159-00  Regulation at 61 FR 54894 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.160-00  Regulation at 61 FR 54895 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.161-00  Regulation at 61 FR 54897 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.162-00  Regulation at 61 FR 54898 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.162-03  Regulation at 61 FR 54899 eff. 8-27-97..................43936
86.601-84  (b) added...............................................23922
86.701-94  Revised.................................................23922
86.902-01  Added...................................................23922
86.907-01  Added...................................................23922
86.908-01  Added...................................................23922
86.1001-84  (b) added..............................................23922
86.1101-87  Revised................................................23922
86.1401  Revised...................................................23922
86.1501-94  Revised................................................23923
86.1502-84  Revised................................................23923
86.1503-84  Revised................................................23923
86.1601  (d) added.................................................23923
86.1701-99  (e) added..............................................23923
86.1717-01  Added..................................................23923
86.1721-01  Added..................................................23923
86.1724-01  Added..................................................23924
86.1725-01  Added..................................................23924
86.1728-01  Added..................................................23924
86.1735-01  Added..................................................23924
86.1772-99  (b)(1) revised.........................................23924
86.1776-99  (b)(1) revised.........................................23925
86.1801-01--86.1853-01 (Subpart S)  Added..........................23925

                                  2000

   (Regulations published from January 1, 2000, through July 1, 2000)

40 CFR
                                                                   65 FR
                                                                    Page
86.1  (b)(4) table amended..........................................6848
86.004-11  (e) added................................................6848
86.099-10  (e) added................................................6848
86.101--86.164-00 (Subpart B)  Heading revised......................6848
86.113-04  Added....................................................6848
86.113-94  (b)(2) table revised.....................................8277
86.119-90  (b)(3) revised; (b)(8) added.............................8278
86.129-00  (f)(1)(ii)(C) added......................................6850
86.201-94--86.246-94 (Subpart C)  Heading revised...................6850
86.213-04  Added....................................................6850
86.908-93  (a)(1)(iii) and (d) added...............................11904
86.1313-98  (b)(2) Table N98-2 revised..............................8278
86.1319-90  (d)(3) revised; (d)(8) added............................8279
86.1333-90  (d) revised.............................................8279
86.1701-99  (f) added...............................................6851
86.1801-01--86.1853-01 (Subpart S)  Heading revised.................6851
86.1801-01  (a), (c)(1) and (e) amended; (f), (g) and (h) added.....6851
86.1803-01  Amended.................................................6851
86.1804-01  Amended.................................................6852
86.1805-04  Added...................................................6852
86.1806-01  (a) revised; (d) text redesignated as (d)(1); (b)(8) 
        and (d)(2) added............................................6853
86.1807-01  (a)(3)(vi) revised......................................6853
86.1809-01  (e) added...............................................6853
86.1810-01  Introductory text, (f) and (i)(6) amended; (i)(13), 
        (14), (o) and (p) added.....................................6853
86.1811-01  Introductory text amended...............................6854
86.1811-04  Added...................................................6854
    (c)(6) table corrected.........................................10598
86.1812-01  Introductory text amended...............................6863
86.1813-01  Introductory text amended...............................6863
86.1814-02  Introductory text amended...............................6863

[[Page 1273]]

86.1814-04  Removed.................................................6863
86.1815-02  Introductory text amended...............................6863
86.1815-04  Removed.................................................6863
86.1824-01  Introductory text amended; (a)(2)(iii), (iv) and (v) 
        added.......................................................6863
86.1827-01  (e) added...............................................6864
86.1829-01  (b)(1)(iii)(E) and (d) added............................6864
86.1837-01  Existing text designated as (a); (b) added..............6864
86.1838-01  (b)(1)(i) and (c)(2)(iii) revised.......................6864
86.1840-01  (c) and (d) added.......................................6864
86.1841-01  (a)(1)(iii) revised; (e) added..........................6864
86.1844-01  (d)(15), (16), (e)(6) and (i) added.....................6865
86.1845-04  (a) and (c)(2) revised; (f) added.......................6865
86.1846-01  (a) revised.............................................6866
86.1848-01  (c)(7) added............................................6866
86.1860-04  Added...................................................6866
86.1861-04  Added...................................................6868
86.1862-04  Added...................................................6869